Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Phocion, – d. 318 B.C”

Studies conducted by Moseley and Manendez (1989) and Gill and Romney (1994) have indicated a good correlation between potential intake rate and voluntary food intake for certain feedstuffs. Therefore development of a simple technique to assess intake rate could enable rapid assessment of feed acceptability. This experiment examined what will be termed Short Term Intake Rate (STIR) as a method of ranking forage mixtures in terms of intake potential.Five individually fed multiparous Fresian Holstein dairy cows were offered five silage based diets ad libitum daily for five days in a latin square design. The diets consisted of grass silage (A), or grass silage and maize silage in a 1:3 DM ratio (B, C, D and E). The DM content of the grass silage (A) was 279 g DM/kg, and the target DM content of the maize silage used in diets B, C, D and E was 230, 280, 300 and 380 g DM/kg respectively. The DM content of the forage mixtures B, C, D and E were 278, 302, 318 and 373 g DM/kg.

Se evaluó la ecología del paisaje, el cual está dominado por tres coberturas: bosques, pastos y cultivos. Las principales métricas de paisaje obtenidas: a) Bosque: Área de la clase (CA): 11447,72 ha; Número de Parches (NumP): 16344; Tamaño promedio de parches (MPS): 0,70 ± 10,73 ha; Borde Total (TE): 5245378,35 m; Borde promedio de parche (MPE): 320,94 m/ha; Índice de forma promedio (MSI): 1,47. b) Pastos: CA: 10467,63 ha; NumP: 13930; MPS: 0,75 ± 23,93 ha; TE: 4432678,19 m; MPE: 318,21 m/ha; MSI: 1,47. c) Cultivos: CA: 3603,76 ha; NumP: 636; MPS: 5,67 ± 63,59 ha; TE: 7666342,78 m; MPE: 1204,94 m/ha; MSI: 1,93. Se obtuvo además un índice de diversidad de Shannon para el paisaje de 1,32. La composición florística y estructura se evaluaron en tres pisos altitudinales y para las principales coberturas forestales presentes. Se establecieron 68 parcelas temporales de 2000 m2 (20 x 100 m), identificándose las especies, la altura total y el diámetro de todos los árboles mayores a 10 cm de diámetro presentes en las parcelas de medición. Los valores promedio obtenidos: a) Basal: bosques<br />intervenidos, d: 23,3 cm; Ht: 24 m; N ha-1: 458 y G/ha: 22,8 m2. b) Premontano: bosques intervenidos, d: 22,6 cm; Ht: 27,3 m; N ha-1: 423 y G/ha: 20,6 m2, potreros arbolados, d: 24,3 cm; Ht: 18,9 m; N ha-1: 121 y G/ha: 6,6 m2. c) Montano bajo: bosques de altura, d: 26,6 cm; Ht: 27,5 m; N ha-1: 380 y G/ha: 27,2 m2, bosques intervenidos, d: 22,9 cm; Ht: 27 m; N ha-1: 318 y G/ha: 15,8 m2, potreros arbolados, d: 24,5 cm; Ht: 25 m; N ha-1: 118 y G/ha: 6,9 m2. La composición florística y las variables estructurales sugieren que los hábitats presentes en la microcuenca se encuentran en estado de recuperación.

Exposure of sheep to Borreliaburgdorferi sensulato (s.I.) complex, the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis (LB), has been reported in tick-abundant areas worldwide, while no data have been reported in Greece. The aim of the study was to identify the hematological alterations in sheep with seropositivity against Borrelia burgdorferi (s.I.). Blood samples were obtained from 318 tick infested sheep for blood analysis and serological determination of IgG and IgM antibodies against B. burgdorferi by indirect immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) assay after exclusion of endo-ectoparasites and other tick-borne infections. A total number of 162 sheep met the inclusion criteria, allocated in four groups based on the presence or absence of IgG and/or IgM; sheep found negative for IgM and IgG (Group A), positive for IgM (Group B), positive for both IgM and IgG (Group C) and positive for IgG (Group D). Anemia, thrombocytopenia and normal or decreased leukocyte count, mainly due to lymphopenia were the main hematological features observed in seropositive sheep. The presence of these features raises the suspicion of Borrelia infection in tick infested sheep. The seropositivity of 23.58% in sheep raises concerns of Borrelia circulation, especially in rural areas and potential risk of transmission to humans.

Abstract Lactose is a critical nutrient in post weaning diets to help pigs transition from sows’ milk to dry feed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary lactose level on nursery pig performance. For this trial 1,080 weaned pigs (PIC 359 x 1050; BW = 6.24 kg; 21 d) were fed 5 lactose programs using a feed budget. Program A = 24, 18, 7%; B = 20, 14, 5%; C =16, 10, 3%; D = 12, 6, 1%; and E = 8, 2, 0% lactose for Phase 1, 2, and 3; respectively. The feed budget for Phase 1 (d 0–7), 2 (d 7–14), and 3 (d 14–20) was 0.91, 3.4, and 4.5 kg/pig; respectively. A common Phase 4 (d 20–48) diet (0% lactose) was fed ad libitum. There was a quadratic response to lactose level in treatments A through E for Phase 1 ADFI (89, 71, 73, 73, 89 g/d; respectively, P = 0.034) and G:F (1.09, 1.33, 1.14, 1.15, 0.91; respectively, P = 0.042). Treatment A through E Phase 1 ADG was 100, 95, 91, 82, and 82 g/d, and Phase 2 ADG (Linear, P = 0.023) was 322, 313, 318, 304, and 295 g/d; respectively. The result was a linear trend for increased BW at the end of Phase 2 (P = 0.10) for treatments A through E (9.21, 9.10, 9.16, 9.00, 8.86 kg; respectively). Although feed cost/pig increased as lactose level increased (Linear, P = 0.041), there was no significant response in margin over feed cost/pig during the overall nursery period for treatments A through E ($15.31, $16.41, $16.22, $15.87, $16.04; respectively). In conclusion, pig performance improved during Phase 1 and 2 with increasing level of dietary lactose. These results confirm previous research showing the importance of dietary lactose in weaned pig diets.

AbstractFrom 20 primary schools in Hong Kong, a sample of 59 boys and 62 girls in 4th grade and 98 boys and 99 girls in 5th grade (N = 318) responded to a survey about their learning-to-learn capabilities including (a) reading to learn, (b) self-management, (c) desire for knowledge, and (d) originality of ideas, and two facilitating factors for enabling such capabilities, including (e) academic self-concept, and (f) effort goal orientation. Confirmatory factor analysis provided support for the validity of the six psychological constructs. Analysis of variance found that although boys and girls did not differ in academic self-concept, desire for knowledge and originality, girls scored higher in effort goal orientation, reading to learn, and self-management. There was a gender x grade interaction effect in reading to learn, indicating that 5th grade girls were more willing than 4th grade girls to acquire knowledge through reading whereas 5th grade boys were less willing than 4th grade boys to do so. Advocates of education reform need to consider gender differences when formulating policies to promote students’ learning-to-learn capabilities and particularly to encourage boys to read.

The study was aimed at evaluating efficacy of inhaled combination of hypertonic saline solution and hyaluronic acid in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods. Male patients with COPD (n = 99) were involved in the study. Of them, 50 patients were treated with the standard therapy including bronchodilators and mucolytics and 49 patients were treated with bronchodilators and the inhaled combination of 7% hypertonic saline solution and 0.1% solution of hyaluronic acid via a nebulizer, 5 ml b.i.d. during 5 days. Both groups were additionally divided into B, C, and D categories according to severity of symptoms and a rate of exacerbations. The patients were followed-up for 6 months. Clinical and functional parameters including number of exacerbations of COPD and number of hospitalizations were analyzed. Results. Treatment with the inhaled combination of hypertonic saline solution and hyaluronic acid allowed decrease in number of exacerbations of COPD and number of hospitalizations due to exacerbations. Conclusion. The inhaled combination of hypertonic saline solution and hyaluronic acid allowed better control of COPD and could substitute therapeutic bronchoscopy. The combination is well tolerated, has acceptable safety profile without serious adverse events and is convenient to use.

In Colombia, daily maximum multiannual series are one of the main inputs for design streamflow calculation, which requires performing a rainfall frequency analysis that involves several prior steps: (a) requesting the datasets, (b) waiting for the information, (c) reviewing the datasets received for missing or data different from the requested variable, and (d) requesting the information once again if it is not correct. To tackle these setbacks, 318 rain gauges located in the Colombian Caribbean region were used to first evaluate whether or not the Gumbel distribution was indeed the most suitable by performing frequency analyses using three different distributions (Gumbel, Generalized Extreme Value (GEV), and Log-Pearson 3 (LP3)); secondly, to generate daily maximum isohyetal maps for return periods of 2, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50, and 100 years; and, lastly, to evaluate which interpolation method (IDW, spline, and ordinary kriging) works best in areas with a varying density of data points. GEV was most suitable in 47.2% of the rain gauges, while Gumbel, in spite of being widely used in Colombia, was only suitable in 34.3% of the cases. Regarding the interpolation method, better isohyetals were obtained with the IDW method. In general, the areal maximum daily rainfall estimated showed good agreement when compared to the true values.

AbstractPoor effortful control is a key temperamental factor underlying behavioral problems. The bidirectional association of child effortful control with both positive parenting and negative discipline was examined from ages approximately 3 to 13–14 years, involving five time points, and using data from parents and children in the Oregon Youth Study—Three Generational Study (N= 318 children from 150 families). Based on a dynamic developmental systems approach, it was hypothesized that there would be concurrent associations between parenting and child effortful control and bidirectional effects across time from each aspect of parenting to effortful control and from effortful control to each aspect of parenting. It was also hypothesized that associations would be more robust in early childhood, from ages 3 to 7 years, and would diminish as indicated by significantly weaker effects at the older ages, 11–12 to 13–14 years. Longitudinal feedback or mediated effects were also tested. The findings supported (a) stability in each construct over multiple developmental periods; (b) concurrent associations, which were significantly weaker at the older ages; (c) bidirectional effects, consistent with the interpretation that at younger ages children's effortful control influenced parenting, whereas at older child ages, parenting influenced effortful control; and (d) a transactional effect, such that maternal parenting in late childhood was a mechanism explaining children's development of effortful control from middle childhood to early adolescence.

The paper presents the results of a study of solid-phase equilibria in the Tb–Te system and the thermodynamic properties of terbium tellurides obtained by the methods of electromotive forces and X-ray diffraction analysis. Based on the experimental data, it was established that the TbTe, Tb2Te3, TbTe2 и TbTe3 compounds are formed in the system. For the investigations of the alloys from the two-phase regions TbTe3+Te, TbTe2+TbTe3, and Tb2Te3+TbTe2, the EMF of concentration cells relative to the TbTe electrode was measured. The EMF of concentration cells relative to the terbium electrode was measured for the TbTe+Tb2T3 region. The partial thermodynamic functions of TbTe and Tb in alloys were determined bycombining the EMF measurements of both types in the 300–450 K temperature range, based on which the standard thermodynamic functions of formation and standard entropies of the indicated terbium tellurides were calculated. References1. Jha A. R. 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En el presente trabajo analizaremos el concepto de intuición, principalmente en relación con las tesis epistemológicas y metafísicas de la teoría schopenhaueriana. En la primera sección, plantearemos los ejes centrales del sistema metafísico de Schopenhauer, sobre todo en lo que concierne al concepto de voluntad (Wille ) y la relación que este guarda con su teoría del conocimiento. Luego, examinaremos la diferencia que el filósofo alemán establece entre el conocimiento representativo —o mediado— de la razón y el conocimiento directo —o inmediato— de la intuición. Asimismo, trazaremos, en un primer momento, las tesis y los problemas fundamentales del dualismo propios de la representación y la voluntad, para establecer —en un segundo momento— el problema de la intuición del cuerpo propio. Por último, consideraremos los alcances y los límites de la intuición, así como también sus distintas variantes: principalmente la intuición estética y su culminación en la intuición mística. Palabras clave Schopenhauer, intuición, conocimiento inmediato, representación, estética Referencias Bergson, H. (2013). El pensamiento y lo moviente. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Cactus.Cross, T. (2013). Schopenhauer’s encounter with Indian thought. Representation and will,and their Indian parallels. Honolulu, Estados Unidos: University of Hawaii Press.Ferrari, J. (2011). L’art dans le monde comme volonté et comme représentation d’ArthurSchopenhauer. Mayenne, Francia: Presses Universitaires de France.François, A. (2004). La volonté chez Bergson et Schopenhauer. Methodos, (4), https://doi.org/10.4000/methodos.135.Foster, C. (1999). Ideas and imagination. Schopenhauer on the proper foundationof art. En C. Janaway (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Schopenhauer(pp. 213-251). Nueva York, Estados Unidos: Cambridge University Press.Gardner, S. (1999). Schopenhauer, will and the unconscious. En C. Janaway(ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Schopenhauer (pp. 375-421). Nueva York,Estados Unidos: Cambridge University Press.Glock, H. J. (1999). Schopenhauer and Wittgenstein: representation as languageand will. En C. Janaway (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Schopenhauer(pp. 422-458). Nueva York, Estados Unidos: Cambridge University Press.González Ríos, J. (2017). Schopenhauer. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Galerna.Guyer, P. (2007). Pleasure and knowledge in Schopenhauer’s aesthetics. En D.Jacquette (Ed.), Schopenhauer, Philosophy and the Arts (pp. 109-132). NuevaYork, Estados Unidos: Cambridge University Press.Hannan, B. (2009). The riddle of the world. A reconsideration of Schopenhauer’s philosophy.Nueva York, Estados Unidos: Oxford University Press.Hume, D. (2002). Investigación sobre el conocimiento humano. Madrid, España: BibliotecaNueva.Janaway, C. (1989). Self and world in Schopenhauer’s philosophy. Nueva York, EstadosUnidos: Oxford University Press.Janaway, C. (1999a). Schopenhauer’s pessimism. En C. Janaway (Ed.), The CambridgeCompanion to Schopenhauer (pp. 318-343). Nueva York, Estados Unidos:Cambridge University Press.Janaway, C. (1999b). Introduction. En C. Janaway (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion toSchopenhauer (pp. 1-17). Nueva York, Estados Unidos: Cambridge University Press.Janaway, C. (2002). Schopenhauer. A very short introduction. Nueva York, EstadosUnidos: Oxford University Press.Kant, I. (2014). Crítica de la razón pura. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Colihue.Magee, B. (1983). The philosophy of Schopenhauer. Nueva York, Estados Unidos:Oxford University Press.Mann, T. (2018). Schopenhauer. París, Francia: Libella.

The current study examined emerging adults’ gender identity and its link with several gender-related and social outcomes, by using a novel dual-identity approach that was originally developed in children. Dutch emerging adults between 18 and 25 years old ( N = 318, Mage = 21.73, SD = 2.02; 51% female) indicated their similarity to the own-gender group and the other-gender group to assess gender identity. They completed questionnaires assessing gender-typed behavior (internalized sexualization, toughness, emotional stoicism) and attitudes (i.e., sexism); friendship efficacy and ability; and social-emotional adjustment. Cluster analysis on the gender-identity items revealed four gender-identity types: (a) feeling similar to one’s own gender, but not to the other gender (Own-GS); (b) feeling similar to both one’s own and the other gender (Both-GS); (c) feeling dissimilar to one’s own gender (Low-Own-GS); and (d) feeling similar to neither gender (Low-GS). Own-GS and Low-GS adults were most gender-typed in their behavior and showed sexist attitudes. Both-GS adults felt efficacious and were highly able to relate to both genders, whereas the other groups felt efficacious and were able to relate to only one gender (Own-GS, Low-Own-GS), or to neither gender (Low-GS). Low-Own-GS and Low-GS were least well-adjusted social-emotionally. Findings suggest that identifying with one’s own gender is helpful for certain aspects of social-emotional adjustment but that also identifying with the other gender provides the advantage of flexible social and interpersonal skills and egalitarian gender attitudes.

Parthenogenetic oocyte activation is important for nuclear transfer and for the understanding of cell cycle regulation of oocytes. Several chemical agents, including ethanol, cycloheximide, strontium, cytochalasin B, 6 dimethylaminopurine, CaCl2 and ionophore A23187 can induce mammalian oocyte activation in vitro. The objectives of the present study were: (1) to assess the ability of strontium chloride (S), cytochalasin B (CB), cycloheximide (CX), and 6-dimethylaminopurine (D) to induce activation and parthenogenetic development in porcine oocytes; and (2) to verify whether the combinations of treatments (SB group = strontium combined with cytochalasin; SX group = strontium combined with cycloheximide, and SD group = strontium combined with 6-dimethylaminopurine) improves activation and parthenogenetic development rates. Oocytes from slaughterhouse ovaries were matured in vitro for 42 h at 39�C, in 5% CO2 in air. The basic medium used for oocyte maturation was TCM-199 supplemented with 10% pig follicular fluid, 1.25 mM L-glutamine, 0.9 mM Na-pyruvate, 100 �M cysteamine, 0.1 mg/mL streptomycin sulfate, 10 IU/mL pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG), and 10 IU/mL hCG (Werfft-Chemie GmbH, Vienna, Austria). Denuded MII oocytes were cultured in activation solution for 5 h. Thereafter the oocytes were cultured in NCSU37 for 6 days. At 48 h and 6 days after activation, oocytes, zygotes were fixed in acetic acid:alcohol (1/3 w/v), then stained with 0.1% (w/v) orcein in 45% (v/v) acetic acid, and evaluated under a phase contrast microscope. Each experiment was repeated four times. All data were analyzed by ANOVA, followed by Duncan's multiple range test (P < 0.05). A total of 2243 oocytes were activated in the different groups. In all groups, more than 45% of the oocytes were activated. No significant difference was observed in activation rate among SD (346/170, 49.13%), SX (302/164, 54.3%), and SB (318/182, 57.23%) groups. The activation rate for CB was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than for D or S (323/192, 59.44 � 6.84%; 366/176, 48.09 � 3.43%; and 319/183, 53.29 � 5.39%, respectively). The blastocyst rate for SX was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that for D, SD, or SB (8.64 � 8.07%; and 0 � 0%; 0 � 0%; and 1.27 � 2.41%, respectively). In conclusion, this study suggests that chemical activation procedure is the most effective in strontium chloride combined with cycloheximide. The lowest oocyte fragmentation rates were in SX (28.40 � 1.26%) and CX (21.05 � 1.12%). This work was supported by the the Hungarian Scientific T 43131 Research Foundation and the Hungarian Science on Technology Foundation E 14/04.

e15679 Background: Various serum inflammatory factors are implicated in pathogenesis and prognostication of HCC but none of them is incorporated into a HCC prognostic model. We aim to build an inflammation-integrated prognostic model without any radiological feature. Methods: A prospective-retrospective cohort of patients with HCC was accrued from 2001 to 2013, and was randomly spitted into training and validation cohorts. Cox proportional hazards model was used for univariable and multivariable survival analyses. The risk score was constructed by factors and their coefficients identified by multivariable Cox model. Results: The entire cohort was composed of 1315 patients (BCLC 0/A/B/C/D 73/533/237/425/47; Surgery/Locoablation/TACE/Systemic agent/BSC 538/128/318/122/209). In the training cohort (n=657), a novel model, PANALA score, was generated by using6 independent prognostic factors: 1.488*(Performance status >0) – 0.057*Albumin + 0.098*Neutrophil – 50.4*Alkaline phosphatase-1 – 0.269*Lymphocyte + 0.11*ln(Alpha fetoprotein). PANALA outperformed other staging systems (Table) and allowed the prediction of survival of an individual patient. In the validation cohort (n=658), the prognostic performance of PANALA was still the most superior one. The goodness of fit of PANALA score in prediction of survival was evaluated by dividing patients into 4 equal quartiles by PANALA. In the quartile 1, overall survival between actual observation and prediction was highly comparable (6m survival: 100% vs. 95%, 3y survival: 80% vs. 79%, 5y survival: 72% vs. 74%; P=0.71). Discrepancies between observed and predicted survival were also insignificant in other quartiles. Moreover, PANALA was able to stratify each BCLC stage into 3 prognostically different subgroups. Conclusions: PANALA is a novel and validated model with high prognostic performance. [Table: see text]

6544 Background: Many interventions to improve safety and quality of oral anti-cancer medication have occurred the past few years. Frequently, these systems involve Nurse Navigators (NN) but rather limited data is actually available describing their activities and quantifying which intervention could have been performed without an oncologist's expertise. This is a major issue in optimizing the workload of oncologists statewide. Methods: The study was conducted at Gustave Roussy (Villejuif, France) as part of an assessment program of an intervention combining NN and mobile app dedicated to patients receiving oral cancer medication (cytotoxic, targeted therapies). A coding grid was developed to classify the NNs' activities from the intervention reports. NN interventions consist in regular follow-up calls and requests from patients and their relatives (via phone calls or mobile app). NN interventions recorded over a 24-month period were all encoded by two researchers. Results: 2395 interventions were analyzed concerning 236 patients, 1880 of which were regular follow-ups, and 515 patient requests. The majority of contacts were carried by phone conversation (94%). 52% of the interventions were followed-up upon by at least one additional action by the NN (n = 1250). In 25% (n = 318) of the interventions, the oncologist's expertise was required mainly because of the presence or aggravation of symptoms and/or toxicities or concerning oncological treatment (therapeutic protocol, biological assessment). 75% (n = 932) of the interventions have been processed successfully by NN by themselves. The principal actions carried out by the NN were: A. Contact or provide referral to a health professional or institution 24%, B. Advice to the patient 43%, C. Management of medical documents and appointments 6%; D. Administrative management 2%. Conclusions: Patients' needs for oral cancer drugs are mainly related to advice, information and coordination of the care pathway. In the majority of interventions, the NNs were able to manage these situations by themselves, which could optimize the workload of oncologists.

Background: The diagnosis of thyroid cancer is continuously increasing and consequently the amount of thyroidectomy. Notwithstanding the actual surgical skill, postoperative hypoparathyroidism still represents its most frequent complication. The aims of the present study are to analyze the rate of postoperative hypoparathyroidism after thyroidectomy, performed for cancer by a single first operator, without any technological aid, and to compare the data to those obtained adopting the most recent technological adjuncts developed to reduce the postoperative hypoparathyroidism. Methods: During the period 1997–2020 at the Endocrine Surgery Unit of the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine of the University of Florence, 1648 consecutive extracapsular thyroidectomies for cancer (401 with central compartment node dissection) were performed. The percentage of hypoparathyroidism, temporary or permanent, was recorded both in the first period (Group A) and in the second, most recent period (Group B). Total thyroidectomies were compared either with those with central compartment dissection and lobectomies. Minimally invasive procedures (MIT, MIVAT, some transoral) were also compared with conventional. Fisher’s exact and Chi-square tests were used for comparison of categorical variables. p < 0.01 was considered statistically significant. Furthermore, a literature research from PubMed® has been performed, considering the most available tools to better identify parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy, in order to reduce the postoperative hypoparathyroidism. We grouped and analyzed them by technological affinity. Results: On the 1648 thyroidectomies enrolled for the study, the histotype was differentiated in 93.93 % of cases, medullary in 4% and poorly differentiated in the remaining 2.06%. Total extracapsular thyroidectomy and lobectomy were performed respectively in 95.45% and 4.55%. We recorded a total of 318 (19.29%) cases of hypocalcemia, with permanent hypoparathyroidism in 11 (0.66%). In regard to the literature, four categories of tools to facilitate the identification of the parathyroids were identified: (a) vital dye; (b) optical devices; (c) autofluorescence of parathyroids; and (d) autofluorescence enhanced by contrast media. Postoperative hypoparathyroidism had a variable range in the different groups. Conclusions: Our data confirm that the incidence of post-surgical hypoparathyroidism is extremely low in the high volume centers. Its potential reduction adopting technological adjuncts is difficult to estimate, and their cost, together with complexity of application, do not allow immediate routine use. The trend towards increasingly unilateral surgery in thyroid carcinoma, as confirmed by our results in case of lobectomy, is expected to really contribute to a further reduction of postsurgical hypoparathyroidism.

Snow lotus (Saussurea involucrata (Kar. & Kir.) Sch. Bip.) is an economically important medicinal herb increasingly grown in China in recent years. During the summer and autumn of 2005, 2006, and 2007, a necrosis of unknown etiology was observed on leaves in commercial production areas in Xinjiang Province of China. Disease incidence was approximately 40 to 50% of the plants during the 2005 and 2007 growing seasons. Initial symptoms consisted of pronounced water-soaked, dark brown-to-black spots that were 1 to 2 mm in diameter on young, expanding leaves. Later, some leaf spots on older leaves enlarged and coalesced, causing leaf desiccation. Leaf samples were collected in 2005, 2006, and 2007 from the affected hosts. Bacterial streaming was evident from these samples, and 28 strains were isolated on nutrient agar or King's medium B (KMB). All strains were gram negative and fluoresced bluegreen under UV light after 48 h of growth at 28°C on KMB. On the basis of LOPAT tests, the strains were identified as Pseudomonas syringae (1). The identity of two strains was confirmed by sequencing the 16S rDNA gene, which revealed 98% similarity to P. syringae strains in NCBI (Accession Nos. FJ001817 and FJ001818 for XJSNL 111 and 107, respectively). Infiltration of tobacco leaves with bacterial suspensions resulted in typical hypersensitivity reactions within 24 h. Pathogenicity of the strains was confirmed by spray inoculating five snow lotus leaves of a six-leaf stage plant with 108 CFU ml–1 bacterial suspensions in sterile water and five plants sprayed with sterile distilled water served as controls. Inoculated and sterile water-sprayed controls were maintained in the growth chamber with 90% relative humidity for 15 days at 15 ± 2°C. Symptoms similar to the original symptoms were observed on inoculated plants after 2 weeks. No symptoms developed on controls. Bacteria reisolated from inoculated plants were identified as strains of P. syringae. Isolates were deposited at the Key Laboratory for Oasis Crop Disease Prevention and Cure, Shihezi University. Rust caused by Puccinia carthami and leaf spot disease caused by Alternaria carthami of snow lotus have been reported (2,3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. syringae as the cause of bacterial leaf spot on snow lotus in China. References: (1) A. Braun-Kiewnick and D. C. Sands. Pseudomonas. Page 84 in: Laboratory Guide for the Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. 3rd ed. N. W. Schaad et al., eds. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 2001. (2) S. Zhao et al. Plant Dis. 91:772, 2007. (3) S. Zhao et al. Plant Dis. 92:318, 2008.

1. The responses of a population of 318 spinothalamic tract (STT) cells to mechanical stimulation of the skin were recorded in anesthetized macaque monkeys by several teams of investigators. The responses were subjected to k-means cluster analysis, a multivariate statistical procedure. 2. For an analysis that pertained to the responsiveness of the neurons, the mean responses to four standard mechanical stimuli (Brush, Pressure, Pinch, and Squeeze) were used. Although no true clusters were found, the cells could be partitioned into four groups (called clusters a, b, c, and d) that responded progressively more vigorously to the stimuli. 3. For an analysis that pertained to the selectivity of the cells for various stimulus intensities, from innocuous to highly noxious, the data were normalized by taking the ratio of the mean response evoked by each stimulus to the sum of the responses and multiplying by 100. This procedure does not have a bias toward selection of any particular number of clusters and resulted in three clusters of STT cells. 4. Cluster 1 STT cells responded best to Brush. Cluster 2 cells responded weakly to Brush and Pressure and maximally to Pinch. Cluster 3 cells responded weakly to Brush, Pressure, and Pinch and maximally to Squeeze. 5. The response states of STT cells with respect to mechanical stimulation of the skin can be defined by their cluster assignments on the basis of the responsiveness (clusters a-d) and selectivity (clusters 1-3) of the cells. The response states of newly recorded STT cells can be determined by discriminant analysis from the nearest centroids of the two types of clusters in the reference population of STT cells. 6. No consistent changes in response state were detected when a second series of mechanical stimuli was applied 1 cm from the site stimulated initially or when the stimulus series was alternately repeated at the initial site and at progressively more proximal sites. However, when the stimulus series was applied five times to the initial site, the response state of five of eight cells tested showed a change. Although a change in response state required repetitive damage, even a single stimulus series increased background activity and responses to Brush at undamaged sites. 7. The background activity and responses to Brush and Pressure of all five STT cells recorded in the superficial laminae increased after repeated testing. The background activity of five STT cells recorded in the nucleus proprius also increased, but the responses of only three of the cells to Brush and Pressure increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

AimTo review current line-locking practice of central venous catheters (CVCs) to reduce catheter related blood stream infections (CRBSIs) and preserve line integrity in paediatric patients on home parenteral nutrition (HPN), with the secondary aim of producing a concise, evidence-based guideline for use in this cohort and inpatient PN patients as well.MethodAll 19 paediatric HPN patients were reviewed retrospectively over 6 months (January–June 2017). Data was collected from clinic letters, HPN prescriptions and blood cultures. Information gathered per patient:Line lock(s)Infective episode(s)CVC replacement(s)Establishment of current practice: All patients use TaurolockTM first-line. If CVC is stiff or stops bleeding back switch to TauroLockTM-Hep100. Should problems persist introduce alcohol 70% on alternate days or alone if recurrent infections occur on TaurolockTM. Blocked CVCs are instilled with urokinase or alteplase and CVC replaced if unsuccessful.Results18/19 patients were prescribed line locks as per above practice. One patient is prescribed heparin 10units/ml – due to a documented TauroLockTM allergy – and remained infection- free throughout. 7 infections occurred overall in 6 patients with 13 patients infection-free. 2.2 infections/1000 catheter days occurred in patients on TauroLockTM with 2 patients requiring CVC changes due to infection and broken CVC respectively.1 infection/1000 catheter days occurred on TauroLockTM- Hep100 with 2 CVC changes required due to occlusion. 11 infections/1000 catheter days occurred in 1 patient on daily alcohol 70%, although result validity is uncertain due to potential contamination of blood culture specimen from skin organisms during sampling. No infections occurred in 248 catheter days in patients alternating TauroLockTM-Hep100 and alcohol 70% with one line change required as CVC moved position.ConclusionCRBSIs pose a serious problem in paediatric HPN patients.1,2 Taurolidine has proven efficacy at preventing CRBSIs and proven superiority to heparin.3 The effectiveness of alcohol at reducing CRBSI rates and preventing CVC replacement has been proven when compared to heparin4 however, due to adverse effects (thrombosis and CVC degradation)4 use is limited to ensure benefits outweigh risks. These studies, although limited, and results in our patient cohort support the continued use of these line locks as per existing practice. Future work includes need to formalise written guideline and discuss clear pathway if patients have multiple CRBSIs on their existing line lock as presently information is unclear.ReferencesKoletzko B, Agostoni C, Ball P, et al. ESPEN/ESPGHAN guidelines on paediatric parenteral nutrition. Journal of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition2005;41:S76–S84.Candusso M, Faraguna D, Sperli D, et al. Outcome and quality of life in paediatric home parenteral nutrition. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care2005;5:309–14.Chu HP, Brind J, Tomar R, et al. Significant reduction in central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections in children on HPN after starting treatment with taurolidine line lock. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr2012;55:403–7.Oliveira C, Nasr A, Brindle M, et al. Ethanol locks to prevent catheter-related bloodstream infections in parenteral nutrition: A meta-analysis. Paediatrics2012;129:318–329.

Методами физико-химического анализа – дифференциально-термическим, высокотемпературным дифференциально-термическим, рентгенофазовым, микроструктурным, а также измерением микротвердости изучена система Sm2Te3–GeTe, которая является квазибинарным сечением тройной системы Ge–Sm–Te. При соотношении исходных теллуридов 1:1 (50 мол. %) и температуре 1100 К по перитектической реакции ж+Sm2Te3→ GeSm2Te4 образуется тройное соединение GeSm2Te4. Образцы системы, богатые GeTe, представляют собой компактные слитки блестяще-серого цвета, а сплавы, бо-гатые Sm2Te3 – спек черного цвета. Ликвидус системы Sm2Te3–GeTe состоит из трех ветвей: Sm2Te3, GeSm2Te4 и a-твердых растворов на основе GeTe. Рентгенофазовый анализ закристаллизованных образцов показал, что набор рентгеновских отражений соответствует фазам Sm2Te3, GeSm2Te4 и a-твердых растворов на основе GeTe. Установлено образование инконгруэнтно плавящегося соединения состава GeSm2Te4, которое может использоваться как термоэлектрический материал. На основе GeTe образуется узкая область твердого раствора REFERENCES Kohri H., Shiota , Kato M., Ohsugi J., Goto T. Synthesis and Thermolelectric Properties of Bi2Te3–GeTe Pseudo Binary System. Advances in Science and Technology, 2006, v. 46, pp. 168-173. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientifi c.net/ST.46.168 Gelbstein Y., Dado B., Ben-Yehuda O., Sadia Y., Dashevsky Z. and Dariel M. P. Highly effi cient Ge-Rich GexPb1-x Te thermoelectric alloys. Journal of Electronic Materials, 2010, v. 39(9), pp. 2049–2052. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-009-1012-z Gelbstein Y., Davidow J., Girard S.N., Chung D. Y. and Kanatzidis M. Controlling Metallurgical Phase Separation Reactions of the Ge0.87 Pb0.13Te Alloy for High Thermoelectric Performance. Advanced Energy Materials, 2013, v. 3, pp. 815–820. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201200970 Gelbstein Y., Dashevsky Z. and Dariel M. P. Highly efficient bismuth telluride doped p-type Pb0.13Ge0.87Te for thermoelectric applications. Physical Status Solidi, 2007, v. 1(6), pp. 232–234. https://doi.org/10.1002/pssr.200701160 Gelbstein Y., Ben-Yehuda O., Dashevsky Z. and Dariel M. P. Phase transitions of p-type (Pb,Sn,Ge)Tebased alloys for thermoelectric applica tions. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2009, v. 311(18), pp. 4289–4292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-008-0652-8 Gelbstein Y., Ben-Yehuda O., Pinhas E., et al. Thermoelectric properties of (Pb,Sn,Ge) Te-based alloys. Journal of Electronic Materials, 2009, v. 38(7), 1478–1482. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-008-0652-8 Li J., Chen Z., Zhang X., Sun Y., Yang J., Pei Y. Electronic origin of the high thermo- electric performance of GeTe among the p-type group IV monotellurides. NPG Asia Materials, 2017, v. 9, p. 353. https://doi.org/10.1038/am.2017.8 Sante D. Di., Barone P., Bertacco R., Picozzi S. Electric control of the giant rashba effect in bulk GeTe. 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En las organizaciones se presentan varias debilidades vulnerables en los sistemas de control interno y en la manera en que las empresas gestionan su liquidez, de modo, que el control interno debe garantizar la efectividad de los objetivos económicos empresariales. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el constructo teórico del control interno mediante el modelo COSO, a través de un análisis meta-analítico. Adicionalmente, se aplicó la técnica estadística de meta-análisis, con el fin de evaluar el nivel de significancia y su sesgo de error, por tal razón se direccionó bajo un diseño metodológico mixto. Los resultados revelaron que el factor ambiente de control, es descuidado por parte de las organizaciones debido al empirismo que maneja el directorio administrativo de las pequeñas y medianas empresas. Se concluye que el modelo COSO, si mantiene relación consistente con el control interno y la gestión de liquidez empresarial. Palabras Clave: control interno, liquidez, gestión empresarial. Referencias [1]A. I. Calderón Peña y K. J. Jáuregui Salcedo, «El control interno y su relación con el cumplimiento de las obligaciones tributarias en las empresas comerciales,Chaclacayo, 2015,» Revista de Investigación Universitaria, vol. 5, nº 1, pp. 32-27, 2016. [2]H. Almeida, M. Campello, I. Cunha y M. S. Weisbach, «Corporate Liquidity Management: A conceptual Framework and Survey» El Annual Review of FinancialEconomics, vol. 6, pp. 135-162, 2014. [3]R. M. Cedeño Zambrano y L. M. Morell González, La gestión de riesgos en Ecuador: una aproximaciónevolutiva desde el control interno,» Cofín Habana., vol.12, nº 2, pp. 306-318, 2018. [4]M. P. Suntasig Tigse, El control interno del proceso de concesión de créditos y cobranzasy su incidencia en la liquidez de la empresa cereales La Pradera de la parroquia Belisario Quevedo, en el primer trimestre del año 2014, Latacunga: Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi, 2014. [5]L. Graham, Internal Control Audit and Compliance, Canadá: JohnWiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published, 2015. [6]S. Mantilla, Auditoría del control interno (3a. ed.), México: ECOE, 2013. [7]N. Viloria, «Factores que inciden en el sistema de control interno de una organización.,» Actualidad Contable Faces, vol. 8, nº 11, pp. 87-92, 2005. [8]M. Samuel, Internal Control- Integrated Framework.,México: ECOE, 2008. [9]R. Estupiñán Gaitán, Administración de riesgos E.R.M. y la auditoría interna, 2006. [10]G. Rivas Márquez, «Modelos contemporáneos de control interno. Fundamentos teóricos,» Observatorio Laboral Revista Venezolana, vol. 4, nº 8, pp. 115-136, 2011. [11]S. A. Mantilla B, Control Interno Informe COSO, 2017. [12]L. R. Sánchez Sánchez, «COSO ERM y la Gestión de Riesgos.,» QUIPUKAMAYOC Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Contables, vol. 23, nº 44, pp. 43-50, 2015. [13]M. E. Vivanco Vergara, «Los manuales de procedimientos como herramientas de control interno de una organización,» vol. 9, pp. 313-318, 2017. [14]A. L. Quispe Otoma, M. P. Padilla Matínez y J. A. Telot, «Tecnologías de información y comunicación en la gestión empresarial de pymes comerciales,» vol. XXXVIII, nº 1, pp. 81-92, 2017. [15]I. Domínguez García, «Evolución de la teoría sobre el análisis y gestión de la liquidez empresarial,» vol. 9, nº 1, pp. 66-80, 2015. [16]L. Gitman y C. Zutter, Prinpios de administración financiera, México, 2012. [17]F. Madrigal, S. Ayala y L. Chávez, «Análisis e interpretaciónde estados financieros en condiciones de incertidumbre,» vol. 2, p. 380, 2015. [18]J. Sánchez, «Cómo realizar una revisión sistemática y un meta-análisis,» Aula abierta, vol. 38, nº 2, pp. 53-64, 2010. [19]D. Ojeda y J. Wurth, «Qué es un Meta análisis ?,»Revista Chilena de Anestesía, nº 43, pp. 343-350, 2014. [20]J. A. González, E. Cobo y M. Villaró, «Revisión sistemática y meta-análisis,» Bioestadistica para no estadísticos, pp. 1-42, 2014. [21]E. Osadchy y E. M. Akhmetshin, «Development of the financial control system in the company in crisis,» Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, vol. 6, nº552, pp. 390-398, 2015. [22]I. C. Asubadin Azubadin, Control interno del Proceso de compras y su incidencia en la liquidez de la empresa comercial Yucailla Cia. Ltda. Latacunga durante el año 2010”, Latacunga: Universidad Técnica de Ambato, 2011. [23]J. C. Viera Quishpe, Diseño de un sistema de control interno administrativo y contable para el laboratorio autoservicio diésel de la sierra, ubicado en la ciudad de Latacunga, Latacunga: Universidad Central del Ecuador, 2015. [24]M. Nava Rosillón, «Análisis financiero: una herramienta clave para una gestión financiera eficiente.,» Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, vol. 14, nº 48, pp. 606-628, 2009. [25]S. P. Guayaquil Villarroel, El control interno y la razonabilidad de la información financiera en el Centro Comercial Popular de la ciudad de Latacunga en los locales comerciales de calzado en el período Enero - Junio 2016, Latacunga: Universidad Técnica de Ambato, 2015. [26]A. Masli, G. E. Peters, V. J. Richardson y J. Sanchez, «Examining the potential benefits of internal control monitoring technology, » Accounting Review, vol.85, nº 3, pp. 1001-1034, 2010. [27]D. C. Chasi Toca, “Gestión de riesgos y su incidencia en el control interno en el departamento financiero de la florícola fegacón cía. Ltda. Parroquia Joseguango bajo, cantón Latacunga, provincia de Cotopaxi”, Latacunga: Universidad Técnica De Cotopaxi Facultad, 2017.

In this study, cobalt-zinc ferrite (Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4) was obtained by the glycine-nitrate method followed by annealing in a high-temperature furnace at a temperature of 1300 °С. The qualitative composition and its microstructural characteristics were determined using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and scanning electron microscopy.The analysis of the micrographs demonstrated that the cobalt-zinc ferrite micropowder obtained after thermal annealing has an average particle size of 1.7±1 μm. The analysis of XRD data showed that the annealed cobalt-zinc ferrite micropowder has a cubic crystal structure with a lattice parameter of a = 8.415 Å. Using the Scherrer and Williamson-Hall equations we calculated the average sizes of the coherent scattering regions, which were commensurate with the size of crystallites: according to the Scherrer equation D = 28.26 nm and according to the Williamson-Hall equation D = 33.59 nm and the microstress value e = 5.62×10–4 in the ferrite structure.Using a vector network analyser, the electromagnetic properties of a composite material based on synthesized cobalt-zinc ferrite were determined. The frequency dependences of the magnetic and dielectric permeability values from the measured S-parameters of the composite material (50% ferrite filler by weight and 50% paraffin) were determined using the Nicolson-Ross-Weir method and were in the range of 0.015–7 GHz. The analysis of the graphs of the dependence of the magnetic permeability on the frequency of electromagnetic radiation revealed a resonance frequency of fr ≈ 2.3 GHz. The discoveredmagnetic resonance in the UHF range allows the obtained material to be considered as being promising for use as an effective absorber of electromagnetic radiation in the range of 2–2.5 GHz. References 1. Thakur P., Chahar D., Taneja S., Bhalla N. andThakur A. A review on MnZn ferrites: Synthesis,characterization and applications. CeramicsInternational. 2020;46(10): 15740–15763. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.03.2872. Pullar R. C. Hexagonal ferrites: A review of thesynthesis, properties and applications of hexaferriteceramics. Progress in Materials Science. 2012;57(7):1191–1334. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2012.04.0013. Kharisov B. I., Dias H. V. R., Kharissova O. V.Mini-review: Ferrite nanoparticles in the catalysis.Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 2019;12(7): 1234–1246.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.10.0494. Stergiou C. Microstructure and electromagneticproperties of Ni-Zn-Co ferrite up to 20 GHz. 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Agarwal, B. (1992). The gender and environment debate: Lessons from India. Feminist Studies, 18(1), 119-158. https:// doi.org/ 10.2307/ 3178217. Althuser, L. (1971). Ideology and ideological state apparatuses (Notes toward an investigation). Lenin and philosophy, and other essays (B.Brewster, Trans.). Monthly Review Press, 1971. Basha, C. (2017). Tribal land alienation: A sociological analysis. International Journal of Advanced Educational Research, 2(3), 78–81. http:// www.educationjournal.org/archives/2017/vol2/issue3. Berman, T. (1993). Towards an integrative ecofeminist praxis. Canadian Women Studies, 13(3), 15–17. cws.journals.yorku.ca/ index.php/ cws/ article/ viewFile/10402/949. Béteille, A. (1986). The concept of tribe with special reference to India. European Journal of Sociology, 27(2), 296–318. https:// doi.org/ 10.1017/S000397560000463X Bhaskaran. (2004). Mother forest: The unfinished story of C K Janu (N Ravi Shankar, Trans). Kali for Women. Bijoy, C R. (2001). 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The ability to tell stories needs to be trained in early childhood to learn to express their thoughts, needs, and emotions. The purpose of the study was to analyze the initial ability of storytelling that is owned by children aged 5-6 years so that it can be taken into consideration in determining the learning media to be made. The place of the study was conducted at Al Iman Kindergarten in East Jakarta from January - December 2016. The research method used was quantitative by using a storytelling ability test that was distinguished by language and non-language aspects. Data analysis techniques are carried out using descriptive statistics. The results of the research are indicators of storytelling abilities derived from language and non-language aspects. Based on the results of the storytelling ability test obtained if most children are still not good in the language and non-language aspects. Recommendations for further research are expected to develop learning media that train children’s storytelling skills for the better. References: Berkowitz, D. (2011). Oral storytelling: Building community through dialogue, engagement, and problem-solving. YC Young Children, 66(2), 36-41. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ930387 Djaali & Muljono, (2008). Pengukuran dalam bidang pendidikan. Jakarta: Grasindo. Fekonja-Peklaj, U., Marjanovič-Umek, L., & Kranjc, S. (2010). Children’s storytelling: The effect of preschool and family environment. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 18(1), 55–73.doi:10.1080/13502930903520058 Kervin, L. & Mantei, J. (2016). Digital storytelling: Capturing children’s participation in preschool activities. Issues in Educational Research, 26(2), http://www.iier.org.au/iier26/kervin.pdf Lenox, M. F. (2000). Storytelling for young children in a multicultural world. Early Childhood Education Journal, 28(2), 97–103. doi:10.1023/a:1009599320835 Maidar G. A. & Mukti U.S. (1988). Pembinaan kemampuan berbicara. Jakarta: Erlangga. Miller, S. & Pennycuff. (2008). The power of story: Using storytelling to improve literacy learning. Journal of Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives in Education, 1(1), 36 – 43. http://wmpeople.wm.edu/asset/index/mxtsch/storytelling Nurgiyantoro, B. (2010). Penilaian pembelajaran bahasa berbasis kompetensi. Yogyakarta: BPFE. Pekdoğan, S. (2016). Investigation of the effects of story-based social skills training program on the social skill development of 5-6-year-old children. Education and Science, 41, 183, 305-318. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED573653 Schneider, P., Rivard, R., & Debrueil, B. (2011). Does colour affect the quality or quantity of children’s stories elicited by pictures?. Child Language Teaching and Therapy, 27, 2-3. https://rehabilitation.ualberta.ca//media/rehabili-tation/faculty-site/departments/csd/documents/enni/bw-colour-final-version.pdf Setiati, L., Sunarto, P. & Setiawan, P. (2011). Komunikasi gambar bercerita pada buku belajar baca anak taman kanak-kanak. ITB J. Vis. Art & Des, 5(1), http://download.portalgaruda.org/article.php?article=312143&val=7392&title=Komunikasi%20Gambar%20Bercerita%20 pada%20Buku%20Belajar%20Baca%20Anak%20Taman%20Kanak-Kanak Silva, M., Strasser, K., & Cain, K. (2014). Early narrative skills in Chilean preschool: Questions scaffold the production of coherent narratives. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 29, 205–213 http://repositorio.uchile.cl/bitstream/han-dle/2250/124436/Early-narrative-skillsin-Chilean-preschool-Questions-scaffoldthe-production-of-coherent-narratives.pdf?sequence=1 Stadler, M. A., & Ward, G. C. (2006). Supporting the Narrative Development of Young Children. Early Childhood Education Journal, 33(2), 73–80. doi:10.1007/s10643-005-0024-4 Tayler, C. (2015). Learning in early childhood: Experiences, relationships and ‘learning to be.’ European Journal of Education. 50(2). http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ejed.12117/full Whorrall, J., & Cabell, S. Q. (2015). Supporting Children’s Oral Language Development in the Preschool Classroom. Early Childhood Education Journal, 44(4), 335–341. doi:10.1007/s10643-015-0719-0 Willis, C. A., & Schiller, P. (2011). Preschoolers’ social skills steer life success. YC young children, 66(1), 42-49. CCCNS NoG-090-Wil/YC. Wright, C., Diener, M. L., & Kemp, J. L. (2013). Storytelling dramas as a community building activity in an early childhood classroom. Early Childhood Education Journal, 41, 197–210. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781483340333.n391

The concept of motion is central to the human cognition and it is universally studied in cognitive linguistics. This research paper investigates concept of motion, with special reference to traveling, in the poetry of Widad Benmoussa. It mainly focuses on the cognitive dimensions underlying the metaphorical representation of traveling. To this end, the research conducts a semi-automated analysis of a corpus representing Widad’s poetic collections. MetaNet’s physical path is mainly used to reveal the cognitive respects of traveling. The personae the poetess assigns are found to pursue a dynamic goal through activation of several physical paths. During the unstable romantic relations, several travel impediments are met. Travel stops and detours, travel companions, paths in journey as well as changing travel destinations are the most stressed elements of ‘Traveling’ respects. With such a described high frequency of sudden departures and hopping, the male persona the poetess assigns evinces typical features of 'wanderlust' or dromomania. References Arenas, E. S. (2018). Exploring pornography in Widad Benmoussa’s poetry using LIWC and corpus tools. Sexuality & Culture, 22(4), 1094–1111. Baicchi, A. (2017). The relevance of conceptual metaphor in semantic interpretation. Estetica. Studi e Ricerche, 7(1), 155–170. Carey, A. L., Brucks, M. S., Küfner, A. C., Holtzman, N. S., Back, M. D., Donnellan, M. B., ... & Mehl, M. R. (2015). Narcissism and the use of personal pronouns revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109(3), e1. David, O., & Matlock, T. (2018). Cross-linguistic automated detection of metaphors for poverty and cancer. Language and Cognition, 10(3), 467–493. David, O., Lakoff, G., & Stickles, E. (2016). Cascades in metaphor and grammar. Constructions and Frames, 8(2), 214–255. Essam, B. A. (2016). Nizarre Qabbani’s original versus translated pornographic ideology: A corpus-based study. Sexuality & Culture, 20(4), 965–986 Forceville, C. (2016). Conceptual metaphor theory, blending theory, and other cognitivist perspectives on comics. The Visual Narrative Reader, 89–114. Gibbs Jr, R. W. (2011). Evaluating conceptual metaphor theory. Discourse Processes, 48(8), 529–562. Kövecses, Z. (2008). Conceptual metaphor theory: Some criticisms and alternative proposals. Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics, 6(1), 168–184. Lakoff, G. (2014). Mapping the brain's metaphor circuitry: Metaphorical thought in everyday reason. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 958. Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (2008). Metaphors We Live By. University of Chicago press. Lee, M. G., & Barnden, J. A. (2001). Mental metaphors from the Master Metaphor List: Empirical examples and the application of the ATT-Meta system. Cognitive Science Research Papers-University of Birmingham CSRP. Lönneker-Rodman, B. (2008). The Hamburg metaphor database project: issues in resource creation. Language Resources and Evaluation, 42(3), 293–318. Martin, J. H. (1994). Metabank: A knowledge‐base of metaphoric language conventioms. Computational Intelligence, 10(2), 134–149. MetaNet Web Site: https://metanet.icsi.berkeley.edu/metanet/ Pennebaker, J. W., Boyd, R. L., Jordan, K., & Blackburn, K. (2015). The development and psychometric properties of LIWC2015. Retrieved from https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/ handle/2152/31333 Santarpia, A., Blanchet, A., Venturini, R., Cavallo, M., & Raynaud, S. (2006, August). La catégorisation des métaphores conceptuelles du corps. In Annales Médico-psychologiques, revue psychiatrique. Vol. 164, No. 6. (pp. 476-485). Elsevier Masson. Stickles, E., David, O., Dodge, E. K., & Hong, J. (2016). Formalizing contemporary conceptual metaphor theory. Constructions and Frames, 8(2), 166–213 Tausczik, Y. R., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2010). The psychological meaning of words: LIWC and computerized text analysis methods. Journal of Language and Social Psychology,29(1), 24–54. Sources Benmoussa, W. (2001). I have Roots in Air (in Arabic). Morocco: Ministry of Culture. Benmoussa, W. (2006). Between Two Clouds (in Arabic and French). Morocco: Marsam Publishing House. Benmoussa, W. (2007). I Opened It on You (in Arabic). Morocco: Marsam Publishing House. Benmoussa, W. (2008). Storm in a Body (in Arabic). Morocco: Marsam Publishing House. Benmoussa, W. (2010). I Hardly Lost my Narcissism (in Arabic). Syria: Ward Publishing House. Benmoussa, W. (2014). I Stroll Along This Life. Morocco: Tobkal Publishing House

Neste estudo pretendemos analisar o modo como alunos da licenciatura em Letras-Português da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, durante o estágio curricular, atuam para ensinar seus alunos a refletir sobre a língua, concretizando um dos eixos de ensino desse componente curricular que é a análise linguística. A pesquisa, do tipo qualitativo-descritiva, teve como corpus projetos e relatórios de estágio, além de depoimentos dos estagiários, captados no seminário de encerramento das atividades de regência de turma do ensino fundamental. Para montar o referencial teórico, buscamos autores que tratam da formação docente, do estágio e do ensino de análise linguística. Os resultados mostraram que os futuros professores trabalham numa perspectiva sociointeracionista e exploram uma diversidade de gêneros textuais, como indicado nas orientações mais recentes para o ensino de língua portuguesa. No entanto, a maioria deles explicita pouco os procedimentos didáticos realizados, não indica as dificuldades dos alunos quando da avaliação da aprendizagem e aborda determinados conhecimentos linguísticos de forma expositiva e dedutiva.Referências:ALMEIDA FILHO, J. C. Crise, transições e mudança no currículo de formação de professores de línguas. In: FORTKAMP, M. B. M.; TOMITCH, L. M.B. (org.). Aspectos da linguística aplicada: estudos em homenagem ao professor Hilário Inácio Bohn. Florianópolis: Insular, 2000. p. 33-47.AZEVEDO, T. M. Ensinar gêneros? Desenredo, Passo Fundo, RS, v. 10, n. 1, p. 92-103 - jan./jun. 2014.AZEVEDO, T. M. Transposição didática de gêneros discursivos: algumas reflexões. Desenredo. Passo Fundo, RS, v. 6, n. 2, p. 198-214 - jul./dez. 2010.BARBOSA, J. Análise e reflexão sobre a língua e as linguagens: ferramentas para os letramentos. In: RANGEL, E. O.; ROJO, R. H. R. (org.) Língua Portuguesa no Ensino Fundamental. Coleção Explorando o Ensino. vol. 19. Brasília: MEC/SEB, 2010, p. 155-182.CALLIAN, G. R.; BOTELHO, L. S. A análise linguística e o ensino de língua portuguesa: em busca do desenvolvimento da competência discursiva. Educação em Destaque. Juiz de Fora, MG, v. 5, n. 1, p. 1-21, 2014.DICKEL, A. Ensino de gramática: das polêmicas às proposições. In: SEMINÁRIO NACIONAL SOBRE LINGUAGENS E ENSINO, 7, 2012, Pelotas. Anais... Pelotas: UCPel, 2012.DUTRA. C. M. D.; LOULA, L. D. Incompreensão e desalinhamento teórico-metodológico como possíveis entraves à prática de análise linguística em sala de aula. Domínios de Lingu@gem, Uberlândia, MG, vol. 11, n. 3, p. 526-547, jul./set. 2017.EMILIO, A. Gramática, deve-se ou não se deve ensinar? Línguas Letras. Cascavel, PR, v. 9. n. 16, p. 27-35. 2007.GERALDI, J. W. Concepções de linguagem e ensino de português. In: GERALDI, J. W. (org.). O texto na sala de aula. São Paulo: Ática, 1997[1984], p. 39-46.GERALDI, J. W. Unidades básicas do ensino de português. In: GERALDI, J. W. (org.). O texto na sala de aula: leitura e produção. Cascavel: Assoeste, 1984, p. 49-69.LARROSA, Jorge. Algunas notas sobre la experiencia y sus lenguajes. In: BARBOSA, R. L. L. (org.). Trajetórias e perspectivas da formação de educadores. São Paulo: Ed. Unesp, 2004. p.19-34.LOMBARDI, R. F. e ARBOLEA, T. A. Formando professores pesquisadores do ensino de língua materna. In: CONGRESSO LATINO-AMERICANO SOBRE FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES DE LÍNGUA. 1, Florianópolis, Anais... 2006, p. 614-619.MENDONÇA, M. Análise linguística: por que e como avaliar. In: Marcuschi, B. SUASSUNA, L. (org.). Avaliação em língua portuguesa: contribuições para a prática pedagógica. Belo Horizonte: Autêntica, 2007, p. 95-110.NÓBREGA, J. J.; SUASSUNA, L. Aula de gramática ou de análise linguística? Investigando objetos de estudo e objetivos norteadores. Linguagens, Educação e Sociedade. Teresina, PI, n. 31, p. 246-269, jul. 2014.OLIVEIRA, M. B. F. Revisitando a formação de professores de língua materna: teoria, prática e construção de identidades. Linguagem em (Dis)curso. Tubarão, SC, v. 6, n. 1, p. 101-117, jan./abr. 2006.PETRONI, M. R.; JUSTINO, A. R.; MELO, E. S. O. Ainda sobre a formação do professor de língua portuguesa no Brasil. Interacções, Santarém, PT, n. 19, p. 28-37, 2011.PIMENTA, S. G.; LIMA, M. S. L. Estágio e docência: diferentes concepções. Poiésis. Tubarão, SC, vol. 3, números 3 e 4, p. 5-24, 2006.RAUBER, A. L. A formação do professor de Língua Portuguesa: o diálogo entre teoria e prática. In: MAGALHÃES, J. S.; TRAVAGLIA, L. C. (org.). Múltiplas perspectivas em linguística. Uberlândia/MG: EDUFU, 2008, v. 01, p. 346-356.REINALDO, M. A. G. M. O conceito de análise linguística como eixo de ensino de língua portuguesa no Brasil. Estudos Linguísticos, n. 8. Edições Colibri/CLUNL, Lisboa, p. 229-241, 2012.REMENCHE, M. L. R.; ROHLING, N. Análise linguística e formação de professores: um discurso sobre a dicotomia teoria e prática. In: SIMPÓSIO MUNDIAL DE ESTUDOS DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA. SIMELP. 5, 2017. Salento. Atas... Salento: Università del Salento, 2017.SILVA, N. I. Ensino tradicional de gramática ou prática de análise linguística: uma questão de (con)tradição nas aulas de português. Revista Brasileira de Linguística Aplicada. Belo Horizonte, MG, v. 10, n. 4, p. 949-973, 2010.SILVA, W. R.; FAJARDO-TURBIN, A. E. F. Relatório de estágio supervisionado como registro da reflexão pela escrita na profissionalização do professor. Polifonia, Cuiabá, MT, v. 18, n. 23, p. 103-128, jan./jun., 2011.SIQUEIRA, R. A. R.; MESSIAS, R. A. L. Reflexão e ações na formação e atuação do professor de língua portuguesa: o diálogo como condição de autoria na prática educativa. In: Linguagem Ensino, Pelotas, RS, v.11, n.2, p.377-392, jul./dez. 2008.SUASSUNA, L. Ensino de análise linguística: situando a discussão. In: SILVA, A.; PESSOA, A. C.; LIMA, A. (org.). Ensino de gramática: reflexões sobre a língua portuguesa na escola. Belo Horizonte, MG: Autêntica Editora, 2012, p. 11-28.TARDIF, M.; LESSARD, C.; LAHAYE, L. Os professores face ao saber: esboço de uma problemática do saber docente. Teoria e Educação, Porto Alegre, RS, v. 04, p. 215-233, 1991.VIEIRA, S. R. Prática de análise linguística sem ensino de gramática? Reflexões e propostas. In: ATAÍDE, C. et al. (org.). GELNE 40 anos. Experiências teóricas e práticas nas pesquisas em Linguística e Literatura. Paulo: Blucher, 2017, p. 299-318. Recebido em 05-01-2021Revisões requeridas em 28-04-2021Aceito em 12-05-2021

Identical twin pregnancies occur naturally in some species because of spontaneous embryo division during initial stages in development. Bovine embryo splitting usually does not compromise subsequent in vivo development, being a method commonly used in embryo transfer programs to enhance overall pregnancy and parity rates. The goal of this study was to establish pregnancies from vitrified bovine cloned embryos. A spontaneous twin pregnancy was obtained after the transfer of a vitrified cloned hatching blastocyst produced by nuclear transfer procedures. Briefly, selected COCs obtained via slicing from bovine ovaries collected in a local slaughterhouse, and in vitro-matured for 17 h, were denuded by pipetting in HEPES-SOF (HSOF)-BSA and screened for the presence of the first polar body. Selected oocytes were enucleated by micromanipulation in HSOF + cytochalasin B and Hoechst 33 342 under UV fluorescence control. Frozen-thawed cumulus cells obtained by ovum pickup (OPU) from a Holstein cow were used as nucleus donors at passage 2 and high confluence (>90%). A single cell was inserted into the perivitelline space by micromanipulation. Fusion was induced electrically between two 200-μm-wide electrodes, 150 μm apart, using a single 20-V electrical DC pulse for 45 μs. Fusion outcome was observed 30 min after the electrical stimulus, with the immediate activation of the reconstructed embryos in ionomycin for 5 min, followed by incubation in cycloheximide and cytochalasin D for 5 h. Then, activated embryos were cultured in vitro for 7 days in SOF with amino acids (SOFaa) +10% estrous cow serum (ECS), at 39°C, high humidity, and 5% CO2, 5% O2 and 90% N2. Day-7 blastocysts were vitrified in hand-pulled glass micropipettes (GMP) using super-cooled LN2 (Vieira et al. 2007 Anim. Reprod. Sci. 99, 377-383), with the subsequent transfer of the GMP content into a straw upon warming, for the direct transfer of 4 embryos to female recipients, 1 per recipient, without the embryo evaluation under a stereomicroscope (Vieira et al. 2008 Reprod. Domest. Anim. 43, 314-318). A pregnancy was diagnosed on Day 35; on Day 260 of pregnancy, the female recipient aborted identical 20-kg twin fetuses showing no macro- or microscopic alterations following the necropsy. Samples of donor cells and tissue samples from the female recipient and cloned twins subjected to microsatellite DNA analysis confirmed that the twins were indeed identical clones and derived from the donor cells. The embryo from which the twin pregnancy derived was a hatching blastocyst, vitrified when about half of the embryo, including half of the inner cell mass, was projected outside the zona pellucida. Most likely, the hatching blastocyst was physically and unintentionally bisected during the process of vitrification, warming, or embryo transfer, producing hemi-embryos that later developed into identical twins. This work was supported by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq).

-Jay B. Haviser, Jerald T. Milanich ,First encounters: Spanish explorations in the Caribbean and the United States, 1492-1570. Gainesville FL: Florida Museum of Natural History & University Presses of Florida, 1989. 221 pp., Susan Milbrath (eds)-Marvin Lunenfeld, The Libro de las profecías of Christopher Columbus: an en face edition. Delano C. West & August Kling, translation and commentary. Gainesville FL: University of Florida Press, 1991. x + 274 pp.-Suzannah England, Charles R. Ewen, From Spaniard to Creole: the archaeology of cultural formation at Puerto Real, Haiti. Tuscaloosa AL; University of Alabama Press, 1991. xvi + 155 pp.-Piero Gleijeses, Bruce Palmer Jr., Intervention in the Caribbean: the Dominican crisis of 1965. Lexington KY: University Press of Kentucky, 1989.-Piero Gleijeses, Herbert G. Schoonmaker, Military crisis management: U.S. intervention in the Dominican Republic, 1965. Westport CT: Greenwood Press, 1990. 152 pp.-Jacqueline A. Braveboy-Wagner, Fitzroy André Baptiste, War, cooperation, and conflict: the European possessions in the Caribbean, 1939-1945. Westport CT: Greenwood Press, 1988. xiv + 351 pp.-Peter Meel, Paul Sutton, Europe and the Caribbean. London: Macmillan Caribbean, 1991. xii + 260 pp.-Peter Meel, Betty Secoc-Dahlberg, The Dutch Caribbean: prospects for democracy. New York: Gordon and Breach, 1990. xix + 333 pp.-Michiel Baud, Rosario Espinal, Autoritarismo y democracía en la política dominicana. San José, Costa Rica: Ediciones CAPEL, 1987. 208 pp.-A.J.G. Reinders, J.M.R. Schrils, Een democratie in gevaar: een verslag van de situatie op Curacao tot 1987. Assen, Maastricht: Van Gorcum, 1990. xii + 292 pp.-Andrés Serbin, David W. Dent, Handbook of political science research on Latin America: trends from the 1960s to the 1990s. Westport CT: Greenwood, 1990.-D. Gail Saunders, Dean W. Collinwood, The Bahamas between worlds. Decatur IL: White Sound Press, 1989. vii + 119 pp.-D. Gail Saunders, Dean W. Collinwood ,Modern Bahamian society. Parkersburg IA: Caribbean Books, 1989. 278 pp., Steve Dodge (eds)-Peter Hulme, Pierrette Frickey, Critical perspectives on Jean Rhys. Washington DC: Three Continents Press, 1990. 235 pp.-Alvina Ruprecht, Lloyd W. Brown, El Dorado and Paradise: Canada and the Caribbean in Austin Clarke's fiction. Parkersburg IA: Caribbean Books, 1989. xv + 207 pp.-Ineke Phaf, Michiel van Kempen, De Surinaamse literatuur 1970-1985: een documentatie. Paramaribo: Uitgeverij de Volksboekwinkel, 1987. 406 pp.-Genevieve Escure, Barbara Lalla ,Language in exile: three hundred years of Jamaican Creole. Tuscaloosa AL: University of Alabama Press, 1990. xvii + 253 pp., Jean D'Costa (eds)-Charles V. Carnegie, G. Llewellyn Watson, Jamaican sayings: with notes on folklore, aesthetics, and social control.Tallahassee FL: Florida A & M University Press, 1991. xvi + 292 pp.-Donald R. Hill, Kaiso, calypso music. David Rudder in conversation with John La Rose. London: New Beacon Books, 1990. 33 pp.-Mark Sebba, John Victor Singler, Pidgin and creole tense-mood-aspect systems. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1990. xvi + 240 pp.-Dale Tomich, Pedro San Miguel, El mundo que creó el azúcar: las haciendas en Vega Baja, 1800-873. Río Piedras, Puerto Rico: Ediciones Huracán, 1989. 224 pp.-César J. Ayala, Juan José Baldrich, Sembraron la no siembra: los cosecheros de tabaco puertorriqueños frente a las corporaciones tabacaleras, 1920-1934. Río Piedras, Puerto Rico: Ediciones Huracán, 1988.-Robert Forster, Jean-Michel Deveau, La traite rochelaise. Paris: Kathala, 1990. 334 pp.-Ernst van den Boogaart, Johannes Menne Postma, The Dutch in the Atlantic slave trade, 1600-1815. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. xiv + 428 pp.-W.E. Renkema, T. van der Lee, Plantages op Curacao en hun eigenaren (1708-1845): namen en data voornamelijk ontleend aan transportakten. Leiden, the Netherlands: Grafaria, 1989. xii + 87 pp.-Mavis C. 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The paper presents results from an international research project looking at Roma children between the ages of 3 and 6 years old. Thirty Roma children from Southwest Bulgaria and 30 Roma children from East Slovakia were tested with a psycholinguistic test in Romani language, measuring the knowledge of different grammatical categories. In most East European countries, the children are tested employing psychological/IQ tests in the official languages of the country and if the child does not understand the test task, because of a lack of knowledge in that language, s/he is deemed to have “light mental retardation”. The knowledge of the children on different grammatical categories in their mother tongue is not taken into account. For the first time in Europe, a psycholinguistic test was developed for measuring the knowledge in Romani (comprehension and production). Categories such as wh-questions, wh-complements, passive verbs, possessiveness, tense and aspect, learning new nouns and verbs are measured with newly developed test. The knowledge of the children is connected with two theories: the ecological theory of Ogbu (1978) and the integrative theory of child development (García Coll et al. 1996). Ogbu’s theory stresses the importance of the home culture in the development of the children and the theory of García Coll and her collaborators presents the home environment and the SES of the families as an important predictor for language development and school readiness of the minority/migrant children. References Bafekr, S. (1999) Schools and their undocumented Polish and “Romany Gypsy” pupils.International Journal of Educational Research, 31, 295-302. Bakalar, P. (2004) The IQ of Gypsies in Central Europe. The Mankind Quarterly, XLIV,(3&4), 291-300. Berko, J. (1958). The child’s learning of English morphology. Word, 14, 150-177. Bronfenbrenner U (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature anddesign. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Bronfenbrenner U (1986). Ecology of the family as a context for human development:Research perspectives. Developmental Psychology, 22, 723-742. Cvorovic, J. (2014) The Roma: A Balkan Underclass. Ulster: Ulster Institute for SocialResearch. Forget-Dubois, N., Lemelin, J.-P., Perusse, D., Tremblay, R. E. & Boivin, M. (2009). EarlyChild Language Mediates the Relation Between Home Environment and SchoolReadiness. Child Development, 80 (3), 736-749. García Coll, C., Lamberty, G., Jenkins, R., McAdoo, H. P., Crnic, K., Wasik, B. H. andGarcía, H. V. (1996) An Integrative Model for the Study of Developmental Competenciesin Minority Children. Child Development, 67 (5), 1891-1914. Han, W.-J. (2006) Academic Achievements of Children in Immigrant Families.Educational Research and Review. 1 (8), 286-318. Hollo, L. (2006) Equality for Roma in Europe. A Roadmap for Action. Budapest: OSI Kezdi, G. and Kertesi, G. (2011) The Roma/non-Roma test score gap in Hungary.American Economic Review, 101 (3), 519-525. Kyuchukov, H (2006). Desegregation of Roma schools in Bulgaria. Sofia: SEGA Kyuchukov, H. (2014) Acquisition of Romani in a Bilingual Context. Psychology ofLanguage and Communication, 18 (3), 211-225. Kyuchukov, H., Kaleja, M. & Samko, M. (2016) Roma parents as educators of theirchildren. Intecultural education, 26 (5), 444-448. Neuman, S., & Marulis, L. M. (2010). The Effects of Vocabulary Intervention on YoungChildren’s Word Learning: A Meta-Analysis. Review of Educational Research, 80 (3),300-335. Ogbu J. U. (1978). Minority Education and Caste: The American System in Cross-culturalPerspective. New York: Academic Press. Ogbu J. U. (1981). Origins of human competence: A cultural ecological perspective. ChildDevelopment, 52, 413-429. Ogbu, J. U. (1988). Cultural diversity and human development. In: D. Slaughter (Ed.),Black children and poverty: A developmental perspective. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.11-28. Parsons, Talcott. (1940). An Analytical Approach to the Theory of Social Stratification.American Journal of Sociology, 45 (6), 841-862. Roskos, K., & Neuman, S. (2005). The state of pre-kindergartens standard. EarlyChildhood Research Quarterly, 20, 125-145. Rushton, J. P. Cvorovic, J. and Bons, T. A. (2007). General mental ability in South Asians:Data from three Roma (Gypsy) communities in Serbia. Intelligence, 35(1), 1-12. Rydland, V. (2009). “Whow-when I was going to pretend drinking it tasted coke for real!”Second-language learners’ out-of-frame talk in peer pretend play: A developmental studyfrom preschool to first grade. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 6 (2), 190-222. Tomasello, M. (2003). Constructing a Language: A Usage-Based Theory of LanguageAcquisition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Referred to data of Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) and Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (Kemenkes RI), almost landslide occurrence in Ponorogo always starts with high-intensity rain. This research aimed to determine simultaneously correlation and partial assessment impact of rainy days every month and monthly rainfall toward landslide occurrence in Ponorogo using logistic regression. The data collection was conducted through Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) in the book of Ponorogo Regency in Figure on 2012 to 2016. The existing data shows that in sixty months have been twenty-six times landslides occurrence in Ponorogo districts. The data statistically analyzed in simultaneous proves that contribution of rainy days and rainfall to landslide were included adequate correlation (Nagelkerke R Square = 25.4 % and Cox & Snell R Square = 36.9 %) and in partial test proves that rainy days have significant impact (sig. = 0.024) and rainfall does not significant impact (sig. = 0.291) (α = 0.05) to landslide occurrence in Ponorogo regency. The rainy days per month were abled applied to predict for possible landslide elsewhere. Keywords: rainy days, rainfall, landslide, Ponorogo, logistic regression References Aditian, A., Kubota, T., & Shinohara, Y. (2018). Geomorphology Comparison of GIS-based landslide susceptibility models using frequency ratio , logistic regression , and arti fi cial neural network in a tertiary region of Ambon , Indonesia. Geomorphology Journal, 318, 101–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.06.006 Agresti, A. (1996). An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis. 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Retrieved from https://ponorogokab.bps.go.id/publication Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Ponorogo. (2016). Ponorogo Dalam angka 2016. Ponorogo. Retrieved from https://ponorogokab.bps.go.id/publication Chuang, Y. C., & Shiu, Y. S. (2018). Relationship between landslides and mountain development—Integrating geospatial statistics and a new long-term database. Science of the Total Environment Journal, 622–623, 1265–1276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.039 Chuang, Y., & Shiu, Y. (2018). Science of the Total Environment Relationship between landslides and mountain development — Integrating geospatial statistics and a new long-term database. Science of the Total Environment Journal, 622–623, 1265–1276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.039 Departemen Pekerjaan Umum. Pedoman Penataan Ruang Kawasan Rawan Bencana Longsor, Pub. L. No. 22 /PRT/M/2007, 148 (2007). Indonesia: Menteri Pekerjaan Umum Republik Indonesia. 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It is difficult to introduce highly versatile automation using robots to handling deformable objects such as thread, cloth, wire, long beams, and thin plates in plant production processes, compared to the handling of rigid objects. Office equipment handles deformable objects such as paper and plastic. Problems unique to these objects is caused by speeding up such equipment and demand for upgrading its accuracy. In agriculture and medical care, automatic, intelligent handling of deformable objects such as fruit and animals has long been desired and practical systems sought. Deformable objects whose handling should be versatiley and accurately automated are classified into two groups based on handling: (A) Flexible, mostly thin, fine objects capable of elastic deformation (B) Soft objects easily crushed, such as soft fruits or animals The problem in handling the first group is controlling object deformation of an infinite degree of freedom with a finite number of manipulated variables. In contrast, a significant problem in handling the second group is often how to handle them without exerting excessive stress and how to handle them safely and reliably. The handling of these two groups differ greatly in mechanics and control theory, and this special issue focuses on the first group — flexible objects — mechanical collection and transport studies, control, and software. Recent studies on their handling are classified into four groups for convenience based on handled objects and types of handling task: (a) Control of deformation, internal force, and vibration or path planning of flexible objects (mainly thin plates and beams) using single or multiple manipulators. (b) Task understanding in insertion of elastic into rigid parts and vice versa, and the study of human skills to help robots accomplish these task. (c) Approaches on improved accuracy, intelligent control, and vibration damping in handling and transfer of sheets and strings with low flexural rigidity, represented by paper or wire. (d) Strategies for grasping and unfolding sheets such as cloth whose flexural rigidity is almost nil. For (a), studies are active on deformation control by two robot hands attempting to grasp cloth. 1-3) In the automobile industry, so-called flexible fixtureless assembly systems are advancing in which two robots process or assemble parts in mid-air without a fixed table to reduce lead time and cost. These systems are mostly developed assuming handled parts are rigid. Nguyen et al. work assuming parts such as sheet metal whose deformation must be taken into consideration.1) Nakagaki et al. propose form estimation that considers even plastic deformation in wire handling by robots, in connection with the development of robots for electric wire installation.4) Many studies cover flexible wire as elastic beams,3-9) but comparatively few focus on bending deformation of thin plates. This special edition includes a paper by Kosuge et al. on thin-plate deformation control. Vibration control of grasped objects becomes important as speed increases. Matsuno kindly contributed his paper on optimum path planning in elastic plate handling. In controlling the deformation of elastic bodies, the mechanics of objects handled is often unknown. This special issue features a paper by Kojima et al. on an approach to this problem by adaptive feed-forward control. For (b), we consider three cases: (1) A cylindrical rigid body inserted into a hole on an elastic plate. (2) An elastic bar inserted into a hole on a rigid body. (3) A tubular elastic body put on a cylindrical rigid body. This special issue carries papers on these problems by Brata et al., Matsuno et al., and Hirai. For (2), a paper by Nakagaki et al.10) covers electric wire installation. For (3), the paper by Shima et al.11) covers insertion of a rigid axis into an elastic hose. Robot skill acquisition is an important issue in robotics in general, and the above papers should prove highly interesting and information because they treat studies by comparing robot and human skills in accomplishing work and acquiring concrete skills knowledge. For (c), attempts are made to theoretically analyze sheet handling mechanisms and control developed based on trial and error, and to structure design theory based on such analysis. These attempts are related to the increased accuracy and speed and enhanced intelligence of sheet-handling office automation equipment such as printers, facsimile machines, copiers, and automated teller machines. Yoshida et al. conducted a series of studies on the effects of guides forming paper feed paths and of inertia force of paper by approximating sheets with a chain of discrete masses and springs.12-14) This special edition also features a study on sheet sticking and jamming. Okuna et al. handles a system of similar nature, mechanical studying the form of paper guides.15) Introducing mechanisms to control the positioning of sheets is effective in raising sheet transfer accuracy. Feedback control that regulates feed roller skew angle as a manipulated variable is proposed.16) Increased reliability in separating single sheets from stacked effectively reduces the malfunction rate in sheet-handling equipment. Ways of optimizing the form of sheet-separation rollers17) and estimating frictional force between separation gates and sheets 18) are also proposed. This special issue contains a proposal by Nakazawa et al. of a mechanism that uses reactive sheet buckling force, made in connection with development of a newspaper page turner for the disabled as technology for separating single sheets. Dry frictional force is most widely used for transporting sheets, but is not stable and may even act as an obstacle to improving accuracy. Niino et al. propose a sheet transfer mechanism that uses electrostatic force.19) For improving the accuracy of flexible wire transmission, this special issue carries a study on transporting flexible thin wire through tension control at multiple points, from a study by Morimitsu et al. on optical fiber installation. The thickness of wire used in equipment is becoming increasingly slim and flexible, along with the equipment it is used in. Tension control in the production process is an important factor in the manufacture of such thin wire. Production efficiency constantly calls for increased transfer speed. It has thus become important to estimate air resistance and inertia and to measure and control the tension of running wire. Studies20,21) by Batra, Fraser, et al. which deal the motion of string in the spinning process provide good examples for learning analytical techniques for air drag and inertia. In string vibration where inertia dominates, attempts are made to control vibration by boundary shaking22,23) and feed-forward/back control.24) For (d), highly versatile robots for handling cloth are being developed, and the software technology for automatic cloth selection and unfolding by robot hands is a popular topic.25-27) Ono et al. comment on the nature of problems in developing intelligent systems for handling cloth and similar objects whose bending rigidity is low and which readily fold and overlap—a paper that will prove a good reference in basic approaches in this field. Mechanical analyses are indispensable to studies on (a) through (c). In contrast, information technology such as characteristic variable measurement, image processing, and discrimination, rather than mechanical analyses, play an important roles in studies on (d). This special issue features a study by Hamashima, Uraya et al. on cloth unfolding as an example of such studies. Studies up to now largely assumed that properties of grasped objects did not change environmental influences such as temperature and humidity. Such influence is often, however, a major factor in handling fiber thread and cloth. This special issue has a paper contributed by Taylor, who studies handling method to prevent influence by such environmental factors. The objective of this special issue will have been achieved if it aids those studying the handling of flexible objects by providing approaches and methodologies of researchers whose target objects differ and if it aids those planning to take up study in this field by providing a general view of this field. References: 1) Nguyen, W. and Mills, J., ""Multi-Robot Control For Plexible Fixtureless Assembly of Flexible Sheet Metal Auto Body Parts,"" Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2340-2345, (1996). 2) Sun, D. and Shi, X. and Liu, Y., ""Modeling and Cooperation of Two-Arm Robotic System Manipulating a Deformable Object,"" Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2346-2351, (1996). 3) Kosuge, K., Sakaki, M., Kanitani, K., Yoshida, H. and Fukuda, T., ""Manipulation of a Flexible Object by Dual Manipulators,"" IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 318-323, (1995). 4) Nakagaki, H., Kitagaki, K., Ogasawara, T. and Tukune H., ""Handling of a Flexible Wire -Detecting a Deformed Shape of the Wire by Vision and a Force Sensor,"" Annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (ROBOMEC'96), 207-210, (1996). 5) Wakamatsu, H., Hirai, S. and Iwata, K., ""Static Analysis of Deformable Object Grasping Based on Bounded Force Closure,"" Trans. of JSML, 84-618 (C), 508-515, (1998). 6) Katoh, R. and Fujmoto, T., ""Study on Deformation of Elastic Object By Manipulator -Path Planning of End -Effector-,"" J. of the Robotics Society of Japan, 13-1, 157-160, (1995). 7) Yukawa, T., Uohiyama, M. and Inooka, M., ""Stability of Control System in Handling a Flexible Object by Rigid Arm Robots,"" JSME Annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (ROBOMEC'95), 169-172, (1995). 8) Yukawa, T., Uohiyama, M. and Cbinata, G., ""Handling of a Vibrating Flexible Structure by a Robot,"" Trans. JSME, 61-583, 938-943, (1995). 9) Sun, D. and Liu, Y., ""Modeling and Impedance Control of a Two-Manipulator System Handling a Flexible Beam,"" Trans. of the ASME, 119, 736-742, (1997). 10) Nakagaki, H., Kitagaki, K. and Tukune, H., ""Contact Motion in Inserting a Flexible Wire into a Hole,"" Annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (ROBOMEC'95), 175-178, (1995). 11) Shimaji, S., Brata, A. and Hattori, H., ""Robot Skill in Assembling a Cylinder into an Elastic Hose,"" Annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (ROBOMEC'95), 752-755, (1995). 12) Yoshida, K. and Kawauchi, M., ""The Analysis of Deformation and Behavior of Flexible Materials (1st Reprt, Study of Spring-Mass Beam Model of the Sheet,"" Trans. of JSME, 58-552, 1474-1480, (1992). 13) Yoshida, K., ""Analysis of Deformation and Behavior of Flexible Materials (2nd Report, Static Analysis for Deformation of the Sheet in the Space Formed by Guide Plates),"" Trans. JSME, 60-570, 501-507, (1994). 14) Yoshida, K., ""Dynamic Analysis of Sheet Defofmation Using Spring-Mass-Beam Model,"" Trans. JSME, 63-615, 3926-3932 (1997). 15) Okuna, K., Nishigaito, T. and Shina, Y., ""Analysis of Paper Deformation Considering Guide Friction (Improvement of Paper Path for Paper-Feeding Mechanism),"" Trans. JSME, 60-575, 2279-2284, (1994). 16) Fujimura, H. and Ono, K., ""Analysis of Paper Motion Driven by Skew-Roll Paper Feeding System,"" Trans. JSME, 62-596, 1354-1360, (1996). 17) Shima, Y., Hattori, S., Kobayashi, Y. and Ukai, M., ""Optimum of Gate-Roller Shape in Paper Isolating Methods,"" Conference of Information, Intelligence and Precision Equipment (IIP'96), 61-62, (1996). 18) Suzuki, Y, Hattori, S., Shima, Y. and Ukai, M., ""Contact Analysis of Paper in Gate-Roller Handling Method"", Conference on Information, Intelligence and Precision Equipment (IIP'95), 19-20, (1995). 19) Niino, T., Egawa, S. and Higuchi, T., ""An Electrostatic Paper Feeder,"" J. of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering, 60-12,1761-1765, (1994). 20) Batra, S., Ghosh, T. and Zeidman, M., ""An Integrated Approach to Dynamic Analysis of the Ring Spinning Process , PartII: With Air Drag,"" Textile Research Journal, 59, 416-424, (1989). 21) Fraser, W., Ghosh, T. and Batra, S., ""On Unwinding Yarn from a Cylindrical Package,"" Proceedings of Royal Society of London, A, 436, 479-438, (1992). 22) Jacob, S., ""Control of Vibrating String Using Impedance Matching,"" Proceedings of the American Control Conference (San Francisco),468-472, (1993). 23) Lee, S. and Mote, C., ""Vibration Control of an Axially Moving String by Boundary Control,"" Trans. of the ASME, J. of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, 118, 66-74, (1996). 24) Ying, S. and Tan, C., ""Active Vibration Control of the Axially Moving String Using Space Feedforward and Feedback Controllers,"" Trans. ASME, J. of Vibration and Acoustics, 118, 306-312, (1996). 25) Ono, E., Ichijo, H. and Aisaka, N., ""Flexible Robotic Hand for Handling Fabric Pieces in Garment Manufacture,"" International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, 4-5,18-23, (1992). 26) Paraschidis, K., Fahantidis, N, Petridis, V., Doulgeri, Z., Petrou, L. and Hasapis, G, ""A Robotic System for Handling Textile and Non Rigid Flat Materials,"" Computers in Industry, 26, 303-313, (1995). 27) Fahantidis, N., Paraschidis, K, Petridis, V., Doulgeri, Z., Petrou, L. and Hasapis, G., ""Robot Handling of Flat Textile Materials,"" IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine, 4-1, 34-41, (1997).

Abstract Abstract 2798 Bosutinib (BOS) is an orally active, dual Src/Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). In an open-label, phase 1/2 trial BOS 500 mg/d demonstrated clinical activity and manageable toxicity in patients (pts) with chronic phase (CP) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) following resistance/intolerance to imatinib (IM; Blood 2011;118:4567-76) and possibly dasatinib (DAS) and/or nilotinib (NI; Blood 2012;119:3403-12). This retrospective analysis investigated attainment/maintenance of major cytogenetic response (MCyR) by Months 3, 6, 9, and 12 as an early predictor of long-term outcomes in pts receiving bosutinib as second-line (CP 2L; after failure of IM only) or third/fourth-line (CP 3L; after failure of IM plus DAS and/or NIL) therapy for CP CML. Pts aged 318 y with CP CML received oral BOS starting at 500 mg/d. A total of 288 CP 2L pts with IM resistance (n = 200) or intolerance (n = 88) were enrolled: 53% were male, median age was 53 y (range, 18–91 y), and median time from CML diagnosis was 3.6 y (range, 0.1–15.1 y). A total of 119 CP 3L pts were enrolled following failure of IM plus resistance to DAS (n = 38), intolerance to DAS (n = 50), resistance to NIL (n = 27), intolerance to NIL (n = 1), or resistance/intolerance to DAS and NIL (n = 3): 45% were male, median age was 56 y (range, 20–79 y), and median time from CML diagnosis was 6.5 y (range, 0.6–18.3 y). Median treatment duration was 22.1 mo (range, 0.2–60.8 mo) for CP 2L pts and 8.6 mo (range, 0.2–60.8 mo) for CP 3L pts. Time from the last enrolled pt's first dose to the data cutoff was 23 mo for CP 2L pts, with a median follow-up duration of 31.8 mo (range, 0.6–66.0 mo). Time from the last pt's first dose to the data cutoff was 25 mo for CP 3L pts, with a median follow-up duration of 31.4 mo (range, 0.3– 66.0 mo). Among the 266 CP 2L pts who had a valid baseline cytogenetic assessment, a MCyR was attained/maintained (improved baseline cytogenetic assessment and attained a MCyR, or maintained baseline MCyR post-baseline) by 108/186 (58%) IM-resistant and 49/80 (61%) IM-intolerant pts, including 85/186 (46%) and 43/80 (54%) pts, respectively, who attained/maintained a complete cytogenetic response (CCyR). Among pts without a CCyR at baseline, 103/181 (57%) IM-resistant and 39/69 (57%) IM-intolerant pts achieved a MCyR. The Kaplan-Meier probability of maintaining a MCyR at 2 y was 71% for IM-resistant and 88% for IM-intolerant pts. Among 110 CP 3L pts who had a valid baseline cytogenetic assessment, cumulative rates for attaining/maintaining a MCyR and CCyR were 41% and 32%, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier probability of maintaining a MCyR at 2 y was 71%. A landmark analysis showed that the attainment/maintenance of a MCyR by Months 6, 9, and 12 on treatment was associated with an increased likelihood of overall survival (OS) at 2 y for both CP 2L and CP 3L pts. The difference in OS between those with and without a MCyR reached significance by Month 3 for CP 2L pts but not until Month 6 for CP 3L pts (Table). In conclusion, early attainment or maintenance of a MCyR (by Month 3) correlated with better OS in CP CML pts treated with BOS following IM failure. In CP CML pts treated with BOS following failure of 32 TKIs, 2-y OS was not different in pts with and without a MCyR prior to the Month 6 time point. This suggests that it is acceptable to allow longer periods of treatment for these pts to achieve responses without imparting significant long-term detriment. MCyR No MCyR n evaluablea MCyR, n OS at 2 yb (95% CI) No MCyR, n OS at 2 yb (95% CI) P value for OSc CP 2L cohort By Month 3 282 96 98% (91.8–99.5) 186 88% (82.0–91.8) 0.005 By Month 6 277 126 97% (91.7–98.8) 151 88% (82.0–92.6) 0.011 By Month 9 275 141 96% (91.5–98.5) 134 89% (81.7–92.9) 0.009 By Month 12 272 151 96%(91.3–98.2) 121 90% (82.8–94.1) 0.016 CP 3L cohort By Month 3 115 28 88% (68.1–96.1) 87 86% (75.9–91.5) 0.232 By Month 6 112 40 92% (77.4–97.4) 72 84% (73.2–90.9) 0.027 By Month 9 108 40 95% (80.1–98.6) 68 88% (76.9–93.6) 0.022 By Month 12 103 40 95% (81.0–98.7) 63 89% (77.7–94.4) 0.023 a Pts known to be alive exceeding the respective landmark time point. b Kaplan-Meier estimate of OS is based on total follow-up of 2 y from first BOS dose (response by Month 3 and OS over next 21 mo; response by Month 6 and OS over next 18 mo; response by Month 9 and OS over next 15 mo; or response by Month 12 and OS over next 12 mo). c Kaplan-Meier log-rank test for comparison of pts attaining/maintaining a MCyR versus no MCyR. Disclosures: Cortes: Novartis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Ariad, Chemgenex: Consultancy, Research Funding. Brümmendorf:Bristol Myer Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy; Patent on the use of imatinib and hypusination: Patents & Royalties. Hochhaus:Pfizer, Novartis, BMS, MSD, Ariad: Consultancy, Research Funding. Apperley:BMS, Teva, Ariad: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pfizer, Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Novartis and BMS: Speaker at satellite symposia, Speaker at satellite symposia Other. O'Brien:Pfizer Inc: Research Funding. Leip:Pfizer Inc: Employment. Kelly:Pfizer Inc: Employment, Equity Ownership. Ruffner:Pfizer Inc: Employment. Kantarjian:Pfizer Inc: Research Funding.

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Настоящая работа является первым общим описанием на русском языке двух некрополей Кампокиаро (Кампобассо, Италия) – Виченне и Морионе, датируемых последней третью VII в. – началом VIII в. Культурное содержание некрополей показывает прочные связи с населением центральноазиатского происхождения. Важнейшим признаком некрополей являются захоронения с конем, соответствующие евразийскому кочевому погребальному обряду. Автор поддержал выводы европейских исследователей о том, что с большой долей вероятности некрополи оставлены булгарами дукса–гаштальда Алзеко, зафиксированными Павлом Диаконом в VIII в. на территориях Бояно, Сепино и Изернии. Аналогии некрополей Кампокиаро с погребениями Аварского каганата показывают присутствие в аварском обществе булгар со схожим погребальным обрядом. Из тысяч погребений с конем, оставленных аварским населением, булгарам могла принадлежать большая часть. Авары и булгары составляли основу и правящую верхушку каганата. Народ Алзеко являлся той частью булгар, которая в 631 г. боролась за каганский престол, что указывает на высокое положение булгар и их большое количество. После поражения эта группа булгар мигрировала последовательно в Баварию, Карантанию и Италию. Несколько десятков лет проживания в венедской, а затем в лангобардской и романской среде привели к гетерогенности погребального инвентаря, но не изменили сам обряд. Булгары лангобардского королевства составляли новый военный слой, который представлял из себя профессиональную кавалерию, получивший землю. Эта конная дружина является ранним примером европейского феодального воинского и социального сословия, которое станет называться рыцарством. Библиографические ссылки Акимова М.С. Материалы к антропологии ранних болгар // Генинг В.Ф., Халиков А.Х. Ранние болгары на Волге (Больше–Тарханский могильник). М.: Наука, 1964. С. 177–191. Амброз А.К. Кинжалы VI – VIII вв, с двумя выступами на ножнах // СА. 1986. № 4. С. 53–73. 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The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of the incorporation of the video - as a didactic resource- on the academic performance and the provision toward the kind of philosophy of students of 4° average year of secondary school in a public establishment of the county of Coronel (Chile). Developed a quasi-experimental design, focused on observe the change in performance and disposition toward the subject of philosophy as a result of the incorporation of the video, with a control group and an experimental group, which were applied a test at the beginning of the subunit 2 corresponding to the Plan for the study of the subject of philosophy for 4° average year; and a second test at the end of the subunit, after incorporating the video. The results showed differences in the academic performance, in favour of the experimental group, showing satisfied with the didactic innovation, but there was not a change of attitude toward the kind of philosophy.ResumenEl objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la efectividad de la incorporación del video -como recurso didáctico- sobre el rendimiento académico y la disposición hacia la clase de filosofía de estudiantes de 4° año medio en un establecimiento público de la comuna de Coronel (Chile). Se desarrolló un diseño cuasi-experimental, centrado en observar el cambio de rendimiento y disposición hacia la asignatura de Filosofía como consecuencia de la incorporación del video, con un grupo control y un grupo experimental, a los cuales se les aplicó un test al inicio de la subunidad 2 correspondiente al Plan de estudio de la asignatura de Filosofía para 4° año medio; y un segundo test al finalizar la subunidad, después de incorporar el video. Los resultados evidenciaron diferencias en el rendimiento académico, a favor del grupo experimental, mostrándose satisfechos con la innovación didáctica, pero no se observó un cambio de disposición hacia la clase de filosofía. ResumoO objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a necessidade e a efetividade de integrar vídeos como recursos didáticos, a fim de analisar o rendimento escolar e a inclinação dos alunos, em relação à aplicação do material nas aulas de Filosofia. A investigação foi desenvolvida com estudantes do 4º ano do Ensino Médio, no Colégio “Antonio Salamanca Moraes”, cidade de Coronel – Chile. Desenvolveu-se um projeto experimental para observar o rendimento e a aceitação, quanto à inclusão de vídeos pedagógicos nas aulas da disciplina de Filosofia. Com um grupo de controle e outro grupo experimental, aplicou-se um teste ao início da subunidade 2, correspondente ao Plano de Estudos de Filosofia, e um segundo teste ao finalizar a subunidade, depois da inclusão do vídeo. Os resultados evidenciaram as diferenças no rendimento escolar, favorável ao grupo experimental. De modo que, mostraram-se satisfeitos com esta inovação didática, bem como, não foi observada nenhuma resistência dos alunos em relação às aulas de filosofia.Palabras claves: Video, Rendimiento Académico, Clase de filosofía, Efectividad.Keywords: Video, Academic performance, Class of philosophy, Effectiveness.Palavras-chave: Vídeo, Rendimento escolar, Aula de Filosofia, Efetividade.ReferencesANIJOVICH, R.; CAPPELLETTI, G.; MORA, S.; SABELLI, M. (2014). Transitar la formación pedagógica (2ª Reimpresión). Buenos Aires: Paidós.ATENCIA, Barrero, P. (2009) Los videos educativos en la web. Un recurso para utilizar las nuevas tecnologías aplicadas a la educación. Revista Virtual Innovación y Experiencias Educativas 22. Recuperado de: http://www.csi-csif.es/andalucia/modules/mod_ense/revista/pdf/Numero_22/PEDRO_ATENCIA_1.pdfBISQUERRA, R. (2014) Metodología de la Investigación Educativa. Madrid. La Muralla.BRAVO, J.L. (2000) El video educativo. Instituto de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, España. Recuperado de: http://www.ice.upm.es/wps/jlbr/Documentacion/Libros/Videdu.pdfCEA, M. (2001). Metodología Cuantitativa: Estrategias y Técnicas de investigación social. Madrid : Síntesis.CIDE (2012) Procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje desde la perspectiva de los profesores en Chile. Informe presentado por la Universidad Alberto Hurtado a UNESCO en convenio con el Centro de Estudios del Ministerio de Educación. Recuperado de: http://www.cide.cl/documentos/Procesos_de_ensenanza_aprendizaje_desde_la_perspectiva_delos_profesores.pdfCOBO, Romaní, J.C. (2009) El concepto de tecnologías de la información. Benchmarking sobre las definiciones de las TIC en la sociedad del conocimiento. ZER, 14(27), 295-318. Recuperado de: http://www.ehu.eus/zer/hemeroteca/pdfs/zer27-14-cobo.pdfCROMPTON, H.; THOMPSON, A. (2010) ¿Están las TIC acabando con las habilidades necesarias para el pensamiento crítico? Recuperado de: http://eduteka.icesi.edu.co/articulos/SiNoPensamientoCriticoCUESTA, A.; BENAVENTE, N. (2014) Uso de TIC en la enseñanza de la Física: videos y software de análisis. Congreso Iberoamericano de Ciencia, Tecnología, Innovación y Educación, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Recuperado de: www.oei.es/historico/congreso2014/memoriactei/701.pdfDE JUAN, J.; PÉREZ-CAÑAVERAS, R.; GIRELA, J.; VIZCAYA, M.; SEGOVIA, Y.; ROMERO, A.; MARTÍNEZ-RUIZ, N.; GÓMEZ-TORRES, M.; TORRUS, D.; CASTILLEJO, A.; SOTO, J.; HERRERO, J.; MARTÍNEZ, A. (2013) Importancia del uso de videos didácticos en la docencia presencial de las asignaturas de Biología. XI Jornadas de Redes de Investigación en Docencia Universitaria. Retos de futuro en la enseñanza superior: Docencia e investigación para alcanzar la excelencia académica. Universidad de Alicante, España. Recuperado de: http://web.ua.es/es/ice/jornadas-redes/documentos/2013-comunicaciones-orales/334916.pdfEXPEDIENTE sobre la cuestión de la enseñanza de la filosofía. (2016). Revista de Filosofía, 72, 203-220. Recuperado de: http://www.scielo.cl/pdf/rfilosof/v72/art13.pdfFACIONE, P. (2007) Pensamiento Crítico: ¿Qué es y por qué es importante? Insight Assessment. Recuperado de: http://eduteka.icesi.edu.co/pdfdir/PensamientoCriticoFacione.pdfGAETE, Vergara, M. (2011) Acciones docentes y saberes en pugna. REXE Revista de estudios y experiencias en Educación, 10(20), 15-34. Recuperado de: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=243122668001GUERRERO, M.L.; DOTE, F. (2012) Integración curricular de TICs en la enseñanza de lenguas indígenas en Latinoamérica. Revista Electrónica Diálogos Educativos, 11(22), 16-32. Recuperado de: http://www.dialogoseducativos.cl/articulos/2011/dialogos-e-22-guerrero.pdfGUZMÁN, M. (2011) El video como recurso didáctico en educación infantil. Pedagogía Magna, (10). Recuperado de: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/3628295.pdfHERNÁNDEZ, G. (2003) El video en el aula. Recuperado de: http://sidui.info/teledmc/doc/audiovisual/videoaula.pdfHERNÁNDEZ, R.; FERNÁNDEZ, C.; BAPTISTA, P. (2010) Metodología de la Investigación. Mcgraw-Hill. México.HERNÁNDEZ, A.; QUINTERO, A., (2009) La integración de las TIC en el currículo: necesidades formativas e interés del profesorado. Revista Electrónica Interuniversitaria de Formación del Profesorado, 12(2), 103-119. Recuperado de: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/3039100.pdfHUSU, J.; TOOM, A.; PATRIKAINEN, S. (2008) Guided reflection as a means to demonstrate and develop student teachers reflective competencies. Reflective Practice, 9 (1), 37-51. Recuperado de: http://norssiope.fi/norssiope/mentoring/aineistot/pdf_materials/husu_toon_guided_reflection_demonstrate_develop_student_teachers.pdfINZUNZA, B.; ROCHA, R.; MÁRQUEZ, C.; DUK, M. 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Recuperado de: http://www.ugr.es/~recfpro/rev173COL6.pdfMONTEAGUDO, P.; SÁNCHEZ, A.; HERNÁNDEZ, M. (2007) El video como media de enseñanza: Universidad Barrio Adentro. República Bolivariana de Venezuela. Educación Médica Superior, 21(2). Recuperado de: http://bvs.sld.cu/revistas/ems/vol21_2_07/ems06207.htmMORA, P. (2015) Experiencia docente frente al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la filosofía según la transposición didáctica y su contribución al desarrollo de pensamiento crítico para enseñanza media. (Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Ciencias de la Educación). Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Chile.MORALES, C. (2012) El uso de la Plataforma Moodle con los recursos de la Web 2.0 y su relación con las habilidades del Pensamiento Crítico en el sector de Historia, Geografía y Ciencias Sociales. (Tesis para optar al grado de Magister en Informática Educativa). Universidad de Chile. 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Статья посвящена анализу малоизученной категории женского погребального инвентаря в могильниках мазунинского типа чегандинской культуры пьяноборской культурно-исторической общности (или мазунинской культуры, по Т.И. Останиной) – предметам кольчужного плетения. Данные изделия являются примером вторичного использования и творческого переосмысления элементов защитной экипировки воинов – кольчужных доспехов lorica hamata. Обнаружены в 97 погребальных комплексах, происходящих из 12 мазунинских могильников. Антропологические данные и сопутствующий погребальный инвентарь свидетельствуют об использовании данной категории вещей исключительно женским полом. В погребениях размещались согласно традициям мазунинского погребального обряда: найдены такие предметы в жертвенных комплексах или в составе костюма. Основное использование кольчужных изделий в женском уборе связано с накосными и нагрудными украшениями. Доступные для изучения фрагменты кольчуг из женских погребений заметно уступают по своим характеристикам целым кольчужным рубашкам мазунинских и азелинских воинов с импортным оружием. Основной массив рассматриваемых находок происходит из закрытых комплексов, которые датируются IV в. н.э. (возможно, 2-й четвертью IV – началом V в.). Близкие аналогии в использовании фрагментов кольчуг прослеживаются в германском мире. Библиографические ссылки Амброз А.К. Фибулы Юга Европейской части СССР. III в. до н. э. – IV в. н. э. / САИ. Вып. Д1-30. М.: Наука, 1966. 142 с. Арматынская О.В. Усть-Сарапульский могильник // Приуралье в древности и средние века / Отв. ред. А.А. Тронин. Устинов: Удмуртский университет, 1986. С. 26–46. Бернц В.А. 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RESUMENLos monasterios femeninos nacen en beaterios en muchos casos. Así los beaterios son el primer paso de la reclusión pero, al mismo tiempo el modelo de rechazo. Por otro lado, con el Concilio de Trento, la Contrarreforma fue la imposición de la reforma religiosa con una renovación espiritual, pero reproduce la subordinación femenina y la clausura. Nuevamente se renuevan los rechazos en este caso el modelo son los conventos de Toledo y el monasterio de San Clemente. Este estudio examina la importancia de los beaterios en las fundaciones conventuales en Toledo.Y analiza la oposición y acciones de rechazo de las beatas y monjas de las distintas comunidades monásticas y mendicantes frente a las reformas de vida claustral, incluido la normativa del Concilio de Trento. Utilizando para ello las fuentes documentales localizadas durante la elaboración de mi tesis doctoral.PALABRAS CLAVE: Beaterios, conventos, oposición, Toledo, Edad ModernaABSTRACTWomen’s monasteries often began as beatorios. These beaterios were thus the first step in confinement but at the same time the model of rejection. Meanwhile the Council of Trent and Counterreformation represented the imposition of religious reform with spiritual renewal, but reproduced female subordination and cloister. Again renew rejects in this case the model are convents in Toledo and the monastery of Saint Clemens. This study examines the importance of beaterios in the founding of convents in Toledo. And it analyses how pious women and nuns of the different monastic and mendicant orders opposed and rejected resist reforms of cloistered life, including the Council of Trent legislation. Using to this end documents studied during the preparation of my doctoral thesis.KEY WORDS: Beaterios convents, opposition, Toledo, Modern Age. BIBLIOGRAFÍAAbad Pérez, A., Soledad Sonora. Convento de San Antonio de Padua, Talavera-Toledo, 1980.Alemán Ruiz, E., Inicios de la clausura femenina en Gran Canaria: el Monasterio de la Concepción, 1592-1634, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 2000.Álvarez, T., Cultura y mujer en el siglo XVI: el caso de Santa Teresa de Jesús, Ávila, 2006.Atienza, A., “De beaterios a conventos: nuevas perspectivas sobre el mundo de las beatas en la España Moderna”, Historia Social, 57 (2007), pp. 145-168.Atienza, A., “Los límites de la obediencia en el mundo conventual femenino en la Edad Moderna: políticas de clausura en la Corona de Aragón, siglo XVII”, Studia Histórica, Historia Moderna, 40/1 (2018), pp. 125-157.Atienza López, A., Tiempo de conventos. 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The text analyzes the transformation of the accreditation/evaluation) of higher education from a policy of the Evaluative State, in the ´80s, to a global policy with different modalities. Based on the concepts developed by Susan Robertson and Roger Dale in relation to the multi-scalar governance of higher education, it is shown the existence of accreditation policies at different scales, as well as the participation of different institutions and actors (international, private and non profit). The impact of the General Agreement on Trade and Services (GATS) in higher education, and specifically in evaluation/accreditation, generated policies such as global accreditation and regional accreditations. Also new institutions as accreditation agencies, and new strategies as guidelines for accreditation appeared, which are presented and analyzed in the text. It derives from a research, based on bibliography, documentary analysis and interviews with experts in internationalization and evaluation of higher education.ResumoO texto analisa a transformação da acreditação/avaliação da educação superior de uma política do Estado Avaliador na década de 1980 para uma política global desdobrada em diversas modalidades. A partir de conceitos desenvolvidos por Susan Robertson e Roger Dale acerca da governança multiescalar da educação, será mostrada a existência de políticas de avaliação em diversas escalas, assim como a participação de diversas instituições e atores (internacionais, privados e do terceiro setor). Mostra-se que o impacto do Acordo Geral de Comercio e Serviços (GATS) na educação superior e, especificamente na avaliação/acreditação, gerou políticas tais como o acreditador global e as acreditações regionais; e instituições como as agências de acreditação nacionais e/ou regionais e as redes dessas agências, que elaboram diretrizes apresentadas e analisadas no texto. Este é produto de pesquisa baseada em bibliografia, análise documental e entrevistas com especialistas em internacionalização e avaliação da educação superior.ResumenEl texto analiza la transformación de la acreditación/evaluación de la educación superior de una política del Estado Evaluador, en la década de 1980, a una política global desdoblada en diversas modalidades. A partir de conceptos desarrollados por Susan Robertson y Roger Dale acerca de la gobernanza multiescalar de la educación superior, será mostrada la existencia de políticas de evaluación en diferentes escalas, así como la participación de diversas instituciones y actores (internacionales, privados y del tercer sector). Se afirma que el impacto del Acuerdo General de Comercio y Servicios (GATS) en la educación superior y, específicamente en la evaluación/acreditación, generó políticas tales como el acreditador global y las acreditaciones regionales e instituciones como las agencias de acreditación, las redes de agencias que elaboran directrices para acreditación que son presentadas y analizadas en el texto. Este deriva de una investigación, basada en bibliografía, análisis documental y entrevistas con especialistas en internacionalización y evaluación de la educación superior.Palavras-chave: Educação superior, Avaliação da educação superior; Acreditação, Governança multiescalar.Keywords: Higher education, Higher education evaluation, Accreditation, Multi-scalar governance.Palabras clave: Educación superior, Evaluación de la educación superior, Acreditación, Gobernanza multiescalar.ReferencesAFONSO, Almerindo Janela. Mudanças no Estado-avaliador: comparativismo internacional e teoria da modernização revisitada. Rev. Bras. Educ., Rio de Janeiro, v. 18, n. 53, p. 267-284, jun. 2013.AFONSO, Almerindo Janela. Avaliação educacional. Regulação e emancipação. 3ª. ed. São Paulo: Cortez, 2000.ALTBACH, Philip; KNIGHT, Jane. The internationalization of higher education: motivations and realities. Journal of Studies in International Education, v. 11, n. 3-4, p. 290-305, 2007.ANDERSON, Perry. 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Abstract Elicited Imitation Tests (EITs) are commonly used in second language acquisition (SLA)/bilingualism research contexts to assess the general oral proficiency of study participants. While previous studies have provided valuable EIT construct-related validity evidence, some key gaps remain. This study uses an integrative data analysis to further probe the validity of the Korean EIT score interpretations by examining the performances of 318 Korean learners (198 second language, 79 foreign language, and 41 heritage) on the Korean EIT scored by five different raters. Expanding on previous EIT validation efforts, this study (a) examined both inter-rater reliability and differences in rater severity, (b) explored measurement bias across subpopulations of language learners, (c) identified relevant linguistic features which relate to item difficulty, and (d) provided a norm-referenced interpretation for Korean EIT scores. Overall, findings suggest that the Korean EIT can be used in diverse SLA/bilingualism research contexts, as it measures ability similarly across subgroups and raters.

Background: The purpose of the study to find out the productivity, existing management system and pregnancy rate of anestrous buffalo cows following hormonal treatment protocol at the Coastal areas of Bangladesh. Methods: The study was conducted during the period from August 2017 to May 2018 at Charfashion and Golachipa upazila of Bhola and Patuakhali district, respectively. A total of 101 buffalo cows’ data were collected randomly by using an interview schedule as well as examination of genital system by rectal palpation. Among them, 60 anoestrus buffalo cows were selected for four treatment protocol: treatment-A (anthelmintics+vitamin), treatment-B (injection of PGF2α), treatment-C (injection of GnRH) and treatment-D (Injection of GnRH+PGF2α). Results: Out of 101 buffalo cows, the calving interval, number of service required per conception, gestation length, milk yield per day, lactation length, post-partum anoestrous period, number of days of peak milk yield, total milk yield of 305 days were 379.21±7.87 days, 1.13±0.03 times, 318±0.05 days, 2.42±0.05 liters, 156.53±3.06 days, 101.98±1.06 days, 98.07±207 days and 745.89±15.46 liters, respectively. We found that the buffalo cows were reared significantly (p<0.05) in extensive system (82.18%) and 100% farmers used to feed the calf directly from its mother. The de-worming, vaccination and showering of cows were not practiced properly. In case of treatment response, the estrus and pregnancy rate of treatment A, B, C and D were 20 and 13.3%, 33.3 and 20%, 40 and 26.7% and 66.7 and 46.7%, respectively. Conclusions: It may be concluded that the rearing system of buffaloes at the coastal areas of Bangladesh is not followed the scientific method, which provides bad impact on the productive and reproductive performances of buffaloes. The treatment of anoestrus buffalo cows with GnRH and PGF2α is recommended to have better oestrus and pregnancy rate.

Abstract Bacteriophages and bacterial toxins are promising antibacterial agents to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. In fact, bacteriophages have recently been successfully used to treat life-threatening infections caused by MDR bacteria (Schooley RT, Biswas B, Gill JJ, Hernandez-Morales A, Lancaster J, Lessor L, Barr JJ, Reed SL, Rohwer F, Benler S, et al. 2017. Development and use of personalized bacteriophage-based therapeutic cocktails to treat a patient with a disseminated resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 61(10); Chan BK, Turner PE, Kim S, Mojibian HR, Elefteriades JA, Narayan D. 2018. Phage treatment of an aortic graft infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Evol Med Public Health. 2018(1):60–66; Petrovic Fabijan A, Lin RCY, Ho J, Maddocks S, Ben Zakour NL, Iredell JR, Westmead Bacteriophage Therapy Team. 2020. Safety of bacteriophage therapy in severe Staphylococcus aureus infection. Nat Microbiol. 5(3):465–472). One potential problem with using these antibacterial agents is the evolution of resistance against them in the long term. Here, we studied the fitness landscape of the Escherichia coli TolC protein, an outer membrane efflux protein that is exploited by a pore forming toxin called colicin E1 and by TLS phage (Pagie L, Hogeweg P. 1999. Colicin diversity: a result of eco-evolutionary dynamics. J Theor Biol. 196(2):251–261; Andersen C, Hughes C, Koronakis V. 2000. Chunnel vision. Export and efflux through bacterial channel-tunnels. EMBO Rep. 1(4):313–318; Koronakis V, Andersen C, Hughes C. 2001. Channel-tunnels. Curr Opin Struct Biol. 11(4):403–407; Czaran TL, Hoekstra RF, Pagie L. 2002. Chemical warfare between microbes promotes biodiversity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 99(2):786–790; Cascales E, Buchanan SK, Duché D, Kleanthous C, Lloubès R, Postle K, Riley M, Slatin S, Cavard D. 2007. Colicin biology. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 71(1):158–229). By systematically assessing the distribution of fitness effects of ∼9,000 single amino acid replacements in TolC using either positive (antibiotics and bile salts) or negative (colicin E1 and TLS phage) selection pressures, we quantified evolvability of the TolC. We demonstrated that the TolC is highly optimized for the efflux of antibiotics and bile salts. In contrast, under colicin E1 and TLS phage selection, TolC sequence is very sensitive to mutations. Finally, we have identified a large set of mutations in TolC that increase resistance of E. coli against colicin E1 or TLS phage without changing antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial cells. Our findings suggest that TolC is a highly evolvable target under negative selection which may limit the potential clinical use of bacteriophages and bacterial toxins if evolutionary aspects are not taken into account.

Purpose: To examine whether pre-HTN is a risk factor for CV structural and functional abnormalities. METHODS: We screened 2233 asymptomatic subjects, age 23-80, for CVD risk using Early CVD Risk Score (ECVDRS). ECVDRS consists of 10 tests: large (C1) and small (C2) artery stiffness, BP at rest and post mild exercise (PME), Carotid Intima Media Thickness (CIMT), abdominal aorta and left ventricle ultrasound, retinal photography, microalbuminuria, ECG, and pro-BNP. Pre-HTN and normotension (NT) was defined according to the JNC VII criteria. Results: Among the subjects screened, 38% (855 of 2233) were NT; 70% (596 of 855) were not taking CV medication. 42% (942 of 2233) of subjects were pre-HTN; 55% (521 of 942) were not taking CV medication. The untreated, NT group was split into Group A 82% (491 of 596) with norm. BP rise PME and Group B 18% (105 of 596) with abn. BP rise PME. The untreated, pre-HTN group was split into Group C 61% (318 of 521) with norm. BP rise PME and Group D 39% (203 of 521) with abn. BP rise PME. The presence of structural abnormalities in the groups is shown on Table 1. Conclusions: Based on our data, pre-HTN is a prevalent disease (42%), exceeding NT (38%) in the subjects screened. Pre-HTN is associated with greater functional and structural abnormalities than the NT group. The structural abnormalities, particularly CIMT (statistically significant p value of <0.0016), may be accounted for by the greater abn. BP rise PME in the pre-HTN group (39%). Based on our data, pre-HTN justifies ECVDRS screening for appropriate risk stratification and treatment. These findings may warrant lowering the bar for the definitions of HTN and pre-HTN in future guidelines.

This paper presents a method for all-digital background calibration of multiple channel mismatches including offset, gain and timing mismatches in time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters (TIADCs). The average technique is used to remove offset mismatch at each channel. The gain mismatch is calibrated by calculating the power ratio of the sub-ADC over the reference ADC. The timing skew mismatch is calibrated by using Hadamard transform for error correction and LMS for timing mismatch estimation. The performance improvement of TIADCs employing these techniques is demonstrated through numerical simulations. Besides, achievement results on the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) hardware have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed techniques. KeywordsTime-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (TIADC), channel mismatches, all-digital background calibration References[1] Melamed and S. Toledo, A robust, selective, and flexible RF front-end for wideband sampling receivers, ICT Express 3(2) (2017) 96-100.[2] C. Black and D. A. Hodges, Time interleaved converter arrays, IEEE Journal of Solid-state circuits 15(6) (1980) 1022-1029.[3] Razavi, Design considerations for interleaved ADCs, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 48(8) (2013) 1806-1817.[4] Kurosawa, H. Kobayashi, K. Maruyama, H. Sugawara, and K. Kobayashi, Explicit analysis of channel mismatch effects in time-interleaved ADC systems, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications 48(3) (2001) 261-271.[5] Vogel, The impact of combined channel mismatch effects in time-interleaved ADCs, IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement 54(1) (2005) 415-427.[6] J. Harpe, J. A. Hegt, and A. H. van Roermund, Analog calibration of channel mismatches in time‐interleaved ADCs, International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications 37(2) (2009) 301-318.[7] Camarero, K. B. Kalaia, J.-F. Naviner, and P. Loumeau, Mixed-signal clock-skew calibration technique for time-interleaved ADCs, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 55(11) (2008) 3676-3687. DOI: 10.1109/TCSI.2008.926314.[8] Le Duc, D. M. Nguyen, C. Jabbour, T. Graba, P. Desgreys, and O. Jamin, All-digital calibration of timing skews for TIADCs using the polyphase decomposition, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 63(1) (2015) 99-103.[9] Le Duc, D. M. Nguyen, C. Jabbour, T. Graba, P. Desgreys, and O. Jamin, Hardware implementation of all digital calibration for undersampling TIADCs, in 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), 2015, pp. 2181-2184.[10] Guo, S. Tian, and Z. Wang, Estimation and correction of gain mismatch and timing error in time-interleaved ADCs based on DFT, Metrology and Measurement Systems 21(3) (2014) 535-544.[11] Qiu, Y.-J. Liu, J. Zhou, G. Zhang, D. Chen, and N. Du, All-digital blind background calibration technique for any channel time-interleaved ADC, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 65(8) (2018) 2503-2514.[12] Matsuno, T. Yamaji, M. Furuta, and T. Itakura, All-digital background calibration technique for time-interleaved ADC using pseudo aliasing signal, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 60(5) (2013) 1113-1121.[13] Saleem and C. Vogel, On blind identification of gain and timing mismatches in time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters, in 33rd International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing, Baden (Austria), 2010, pp. 151-155.[14] W. Kang, H.-K. Hong, S. Park, K.-J. Kim, K.-H. Ahn, and S.-T. Ryu, A sign-equality-based background timing-mismatch calibration algorithm for time-interleaved ADCs, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 63(6) (2016) 518-522.[15] H. Chen, J. Lee, and J.-T. Chen, Digital background calibration for timing mismatch in time-interleaved ADCs, Electronics Letters 42(2) (2006) 74-75.[16] Liu, N. Lv, H. Ma, and A. Zhu, Adaptive semiblind background calibration of timing mismatches in a two-channel time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter, Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing 90(1) (2017) 1-7.[17] Chen, Y. Pan, Y. Yin, and F. Lin, All-digital background calibration technique for timing mismatch of time-interleaved ADCs, Integration 57 (2017) 45-51.[18] Van-Thanh, H. Van-Phuc, and X. Tran, All-Digital Background Calibration Technique for Offset, Gain and Timing Mismatches in Time-Interleaved ADCs, EAI Endorsed Transactions on Industrial Networks and Intelligent Systems 6(21) (2019). DOI: 10.4108/eai.24-10-2019.160983.[19] Le Dortz et al., 22.5 A 1.62 GS/s time-interleaved SAR ADC with digital background mismatch calibration achieving interleaving spurs below 70dBFS, in 2014 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference Digest of Technical Papers (ISSCC), IEEE, 2014, pp. 386-388.[2] Tertinek and C. Vogel, Reconstruction of nonuniformly sampled bandlimited signals using a differentiator–multiplier cascade, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 55(8) (2008) 2273-2286.[21] Cho et al., Calibration of channel mismatch in time-interleaved real-time digital oscilloscopes, in 2015 85th Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG), IEEE, 2015, pp. 1-5.

Equations have been developed to describe cardiac action potentials and pacemaker activity. The model takes account of extensive developments in experimental work since the formulation of the M.N.T. (R. E. McAllister, D. Noble and R. W. Tsien, J. Physiol., Lond. 251, 1-59 (1975)) and B.R. (G. W. Beeler and H. Reuter, J. Physiol., Lond . 268, 177-210 (1977)) equations. The current mechanism i K2 has been replaced by the hyperpolarizing-activated current, i f . Depletion and accumulation of potassium ions in the extracellular space are represented either by partial differential equations for diffusion in cylindrical or spherical preparations or, when such accuracy is not essential, by a three-compartment model in which the extracellular concentration in the intercellular space is uniform. The description of the delayed K current, i K , remains based on the work of D. Noble and R. W. Tsien ( J. Physiol., Lond . 200, 205-231 (1969 a )). The instantaneous inward-rectifier, i K1 , is based on S. Hagiwara and K. Takahashi’s equation ( J. Membrane Biol . 18, 61-80 (1974)) and on the patch clamp studies ofB. Sakmann and G. Trube ( J. Physiol., Lond . 347, 641-658 (1984)) and of Y. Momose, G. Szabo and W. R. Giles ( Biophys. J . 41, 311a (1983)). The equations successfully account for all the properties formerly attributed to i K2 , as well as giving more complete descriptions of i K1 and i K . The sodium current equations are based on experimental data of T. J. Colatsky ( J.Physiol., Lond. 305, 215-234 (1980)) and A. M. Brown, K. S. Lee and T. Powell ( J.Physiol., Lond. , Lond. 318, 479-500 (1981)). The equations correctly reproduce the range and magnitude of the sodium ‘window’ current. The second inward current is based in part on the data of H. Reuter and H. Scholz ( J. Physiol., Lond . 264, 17-47 (1977)) and K. S. Lee and R. W. Tsien ( Nature, Lond . 297,498-501 (1982)) so far as the ion selectivity is concerned. However, the activation and inactivation gating kinetics have been greatly speeded up to reproduce the very much faster currents recorded in recent work. A major consequence of this change is that Ca current inactivation mostly occurs very early in the action potential plateau. The sodium-potassium exchange pump equations are based on data reported by D. C. Gadsby ( Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 77, 4035-4039 (1980)) and by D. A. Eisner and W. J. Lederer ( J. Physiol., Lond . 303, 441-474 (1980)). The sodium-calcium' exchange current is based on L. J. Mullins’ equations ( J. gen.. Physiol. 70, 681-695 (1977)). Intracellular calcium sequestration is represented by simple equations for uptake into a reticulum store which then reprimes a release store. The repriming equations use the data of W. R. Gibbons & H. A. Fozzard ( J. gen. Physiol . 65, 367-384 (1975 b )). Following Fabiato & Fabiato’s work ( J. Physiol., Lond. 249, 469-495 (I975)), Ca release is assumed to be triggered by intracellular free calcium. The equations reproduce the essential features of intracellular free calcium transients as measured with aequorin. The explanatory range of the model entirely includes and greatly extends that of the M.N.T. equations. Despite the major changes made, the overall time-course of the conductance changes to potassium ions strongly resembles that of the M.N.T. model. There are however important differences in the time courses of Na and Ca conductance changes. The Na conductance now includes a component due to the hyperpolarizing-activated current, i r , which slowly increases during the pacemaker depolarization. The Ca conductance changes are very much faster than in the M.N.T. model so that in action potentials longer than about 50 ms the primary contribution of the fast gated calcium channel to the plateau is due to a steady-state ‘window’ current or non-inactivated component. Slower calcium or Ca-activated currents, such as the Na-Ca exchange current, or Ca-gated currents, or a much slower Ca channel must then play the dynamic role previously attributed to the kinetics of a single type of calcium channel. This feature of the model in turn means that the repolarization process should be related to the inotropic state, as indicated by experimental work. The model successfully reproduces intracellular sodium concentration changes produced by variations in [Na]0, or Na-K pump block. The sodium dependence of the overshoot potential is well reproduced despite the fact that steady state intracellular Na is proportional to extracellular Na, as in the experimental results of D. Ellis J. Physiol., Lond . 274, 211-240 (1977)). The model reproduces the responses to current pulses applied during the plateau and pacemaker phases. In particular, a substantial net decrease in conductance is predicted during the pacemaker depolarization despite the fact that the controlling process is an increase in conductance for the hyperpolarizing-activated current. The immediate effects of changing extracellular [K] are reproduced, including: (i) the shortening of action potential duration and suppression of pacemaker activity at high [K ]; (ii) the increased automaticity at moderately low [K ]; and (iii) the depolarization to the plateau range with premature depolarizations and low voltage oscillations at very low [K]. The ionic currents attributed to changes in Na-K pump activity are well reproduced. It is shown that the apparent K m for K activation of the pump depends strongly on the size of the restricted extracellular space. With a 30% space (as in canine Purkinje fibres) the apparent K m is close to the assumed real value of 1 mM . When the extracellular space is reduced to below 5% , the apparent K m increases by up to an order of magnitude. A substantial part of the pump is then not available for inhibition by low [K] b . These results can explain the apparent discrepancies in the literature concerning the K m for pump activation.

A crucial variable in the analysis of fictional entertainment formats is the actor/character. The actors/characters that are analyzed vary according to the research interest (e.g., certain occupations, men/women, minorities). Studies often code (mostly on the level of the episode or movie) whether the character has a major or minor/supporting role in the TV-series or movie (e.g., Gerbner et al., 1980; Gietzen et al, 2017). If coding is done on the level of scenes, studies often differentiate between active characters (i.e., fictional characters that do or say something) and characters who are only mentioned by others (e.g., Jandura et al, 2016; Nitsch & Eilders, 2015; Nitsch et al., 2019). Field of application/theoretical foundation The variable can be used to assess the pluralism of actors in fictional entertainment shows and compare it, for example, to non-fictional media content (e.g., Jandura et al., 2016). It can detect which actors/characters (e.g., women, certain occupations or minorities) are over- or under-represented as compared to real-life data. References/combination with other methods of data collection In cultivation research, content analysis is typically combined with survey data in order to analyze if the prevalence of some actors (e.g., certain occupations such as doctors) parallels an overestimation of these actors in real-life. Example study Nitsch, Jandura & Bienhaus (2019, online first) Information on Nitsch, Jandura & Bienhaus, 2019 Authors: Cordula Nitsch, Olaf Jandura & Peter Bienhaus Research interest: depiction of politics in fictional and non-fictional TV-formats Object of analysis: political drama Borgen and political TV-magazin Berlin direkt Timeframe of analysis: 2010-2013 Information about variable Variable name/definition: Politische Akteure [political actors] V9 Akteure Codiert werden alle Akteure, die in der jeweiligen Szene/im Beitrag vorkommen und am Aushandlungsprozess beteiligt sind. Dabei wird unterschieden nach Akteuren, die handeln (etwas sagen oder tun) und solchen Akteuren, die genannt werden. [All actors who appear in the respective scene/story and are involved in the negotiation process are coded. A distinction is made between characters who act (say or do something) and those who are mentioned.] Level of analysis: Szenenebene [Scenes] Scale level: Nominal Reliability: .92 V9.1 [AKT_Handl] – Handelnde Akteure Hierunter fallen alle Akteure, die für den Rezipienten direkt sichtbar am Gespräch oder der Handlung teilnehmen. Darunter fallen bei BORGEN alle Akteure in einer Szene, die aktiv am Geschehen teilnehmen, d. h. die einen Gesprächsbeitrag erbringen oder auf einen solchen (auch nonverbal) reagieren. Hierzu zählen z. B. auch Gesprächspartner am Telefon, soweit diese erkennbar zugeordnet werden können. Bei BERLIN DIREKT gelten alle Akteure als handelnd, die entweder als Interviewpartner am Gespräch teilnehmen oder in einem Beitrag mit einem O-Ton sicht- und/oder hörbar sind. [This includes all characters who are directly visible to the recipient and who participate in the conversation or plot. In BORGEN's case, this includes all characters in a scene who actively participate in the plot, i.e. who contribute to the conversation or react to it (also non-verbally). This includes e.g. also interlocutors on the telephone, as far as they can be assigned recognizably. For BERLIN DIREKT, all actors are considered to be active/acting if they either participate in the conversation as interview partners or are visible and/or audible in a via sound bites.] V9.2 [AKT_Nenn] – Genannte Akteure Hierunter fallen alle Akteure, die nicht aktiv am Geschehen teilnehmen, die aber genannt werden und über die anderen Akteure sprechen. In BORGEN gelten Akteure als genannt, wenn sie von einem der handelnden Akteure erwähnt werden. In BERLIN DIREKT gelten Akteure als genannt, wenn sie von einem der handelnden Akteure, dem Moderator oder einem (nicht sichtbaren, aber die Bildfolge kommentierenden) Reporter erwähnt werden. [This includes all characters who do not actively participate in the plot, but who are mentioned and about whom other characters speak. In BORGEN characters are considered as mentioned if they are named by one of the acting/active characters. In BERLIN DIREKT, actors are considered mentioned when they are named by one of the acting/active actors, the moderator or a reporter (not visible, but commenting on the sequence of images).] Liste der Akteure 0 kein handelnder/genannter Akteur Gesamtparlamentarisch 101 Parlament als Ganzes 102 Bundestag (bei expliziter Unterscheidung zwischen beiden Kammern) 103 Bundesrat (bei expliziter Unterscheidung zwischen beiden Kammern) 104 Parlamentsverwaltung Gruppenparlamentarisch 201 Regierung insgesamt 202 Opposition insgesamt 203 große Regierungsfraktion 204 kleine Regierungsfraktion 205 große Oppositionsfraktion 206 kleine Oppositionsfraktion 207 Fraktionsübergreifende Parlamentariergruppe 208 Parlamentspräsidium 209 Ältestenrat 210 Fachausschuss [in V9.3 wird hierzu offen codiert, um welchen Fachausschuss es sich handelt] 211 Untersuchungsausschuss 212 Parlamentarisches Kontrollgremium 213 Ländervertretung im Bundesrat Individualparlamentarisch 301 Regierungschef (Kanzler bzw. Premierminister) 302 Minister für Arbeit und Soziales 303 Minister des Auswärtigen 304 Minister für Bildung und Forschung 305 Minister für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz 306 Minister für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend 307 Minister der Finanzen 308 Minister für Gesundheit 309 Minister des Innern 310 Minister der Justiz 311 Minister für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit 312 Minister für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung 313 Minister der Verteidigung 314 Minister für Wirtschaft und Technologie 315 Minister für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung 316 Minister für besondere Aufgaben (Chef des Bundeskanzleramts – D) / Minister für EU-Angelegenheiten (DK) 317 Parlamentarischer Staatssekretär beim Minister für Arbeit und Soziales 318 Parlamentarischer Staatssekretär beim Minister des Auswärtigen 319 Parlamentarischer Staatssekretär beim Minister für Bildung und Forschung 320 Parlamentarischer Staatssekretär beim Minister für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz 321 Parlamentarischer Staatssekretär beim Minister für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend 322 Parlamentarischer Staatssekretär beim Minister der Finanzen 323 Parlamentarischer Staatssekretär beim Minister für Gesundheit 324 Parlamentarischer Staatssekretär beim Minister des Innern 325 Parlamentarischer Staatssekretär beim Minister der Justiz 326 Parlamentarischer Staatssekretär beim Minister für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit 327 Parlamentarischer Staatssekretär beim Minister für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung 328 Parlamentarischer Staatssekretär beim Minister der Verteidigung 329 Parlamentarischer Staatssekretär beim Minister für Wirtschaft und Technologie 330 Parlamentarischer Staatssekretär beim Minister für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung 331 amtierender Parlamentspräsident/-vorsitzender 332 Vorsitzender einer großen Regierungsfraktion 333 Vorsitzender einer kleinen Regierungsfraktion 334 Vorsitzender einer großen Oppositionsfraktion 335 Vorsitzender einer kleinen Oppositionsfraktion 336 Parlamentarischer Geschäftsführer einer großen Regierungsfraktion 337 Parlamentarischer Geschäftsführer einer kleinen Regierungsfraktion 338 Parlamentarischer Geschäftsführer einer großen Oppositionsfraktion 339 Parlamentarischer Geschäftsführer einer kleinen Oppositionsfraktion 340 Fachpolitischer Sprecher einer großen Regierungsfraktion [in V9.3 wird hierzu offen codiert, um welches Ressort es sich handelt] 341 Fachpolitischer Sprecher einer kleinen Regierungsfraktion [in V9.3 wird hierzu offen codiert, um welches Ressort es sich handelt] 342 Fachpolitischer Sprecher einer großen Oppositionsfraktion [in V9.3 wird hierzu offen codiert, um welches Ressort es sich handelt] 343 Fachpolitischer Sprecher einer kleinen Oppositionsfraktion [in V9.3 wird hierzu offen codiert, um welches Ressort es sich handelt] 344 Abgeordneter einer großen Regierungsfraktion 345 Abgeordneter einer kleinen Regierungsfraktion 346 Abgeordneter einer großen Oppositionsfraktion 347 Abgeordneter einer kleinen Oppositionsfraktion 348 amtierender Präsident des Bundesrats 349 Mitglied des Bundesrates Außerparlamentarisch 401 Nicht-parlamentarische politische Institution (z. B. Bundesverfassungsgericht, Ministerium als Ganzes) 402 Nicht-parlamentarischer politischer Gruppenakteur (z. B. Partei als Ganzes, nicht auf die Fraktion beschränkt) 403 Nicht-parlamentarischer politischer Individualakteur (z. B. Parteipolitiker ohne Mandat, beamteter Staatssekretär, anderer politischer Beamter) 404 Bundespräsident 405 Sprecher der Regierung/eines Ministeriums/Spin-Doktor 406 Lobbyist für ökonomische Interessen (Individualakteur oder Organisation; z. B. Wirtschaftsvertreter) 407 Lobbyist für gesellschaftliche Interessen (Individualakteur oder Organisation; z. B. NGO) 408 Bürger/Bürgerinitiative 409 Sonstiger Akteur [in V9.4 wird hierzu offen codiert, um was für einen Akteur es sich handelt] References Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Signorielli, N., & Morgan, M. (1980). Aging with television: Images of television drama and conceptions of social reality. Journal of Communication, 30(1), 37–47. Gietzen, M. S., Gollust, S. E., Linde, J.A., Neumark-Sztainer, D., & Eisenberg, M.E. (2017). A Content Analysis of Physical Activity in TV Shows Popular Among Adolescents. Res Q Exerc Sport, 88(1), 72–82. Jandura, O., Gladitz, P., & Nitsch, C. (2016). Parlamente in non-fiktionalen und fiktionalen Angeboten. Was man in „Berlin direkt“ und „Borgen“ über parlamentarische Abläufe erfährt [Parliaments in non-fictional and fictional formats. What we learn about parliamentary procedures in “Berlin direkt” and “Borgen”. Publizistik, 61(3), 287–304. Nitsch, C. & Eilders, C. (2015). Fictional politics on TV: Comparing the representations of political reality in the US-series “The West Wing” and the German series “Kanzleramt”. Global Media Journal. German Edition, 5(1), 1–19. Nitsch, C., Jandura, O., & Bienhaus, P. (2019). The democratic quality of political depictions in fictional TV-entertainment. A comparative content analysis of the political drama Borgen and the journalistic magazine Berlin direkt. Communications. 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Although the sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution has been part of the endodontic arsenal for more than one century, current investigations have been unable to determine which NaOCl volume and concentration or which time of application are able to dissolve organic matter without weakening the dental structure during the phase of biomechanical preparation of the root canal. Thus, the objective of the present study was to conduct a systematic literature review with no restriction of publication year or language in order to resolve these questions. The search strategy included the following databases: PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov, and only in vivo human clinical trials were included in the final review. After the removal of duplicates, the systematic literature review yielded 3,717 articles. Of these, 3,685 were excluded after applying the exclusion criteria (ex vivo studies, animal studies, cell-culture studies, narrative review, and studies with no available full texts). A total of 32 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. After evaluating the full text, all articles were excluded for different reasons. No studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria. This review was unable to answer what time of irrigation, concentration or volume of NaOCl solution can be of maximum effectiveness in endodontic treatment without producing significant changes in the mechanical properties of dentin. Thus, future human clinical studies are needed in order to resolve these questions.Descriptors: Endodontics; Sodium Hypochlorite; Review.ReferênciasSiqueira JF Jr, Guimarães-Pinto T, Rôças IN. Effects of chemomechanical preparation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and intracanal medication with calcium hydroxide on cultivable bacteria in infected root canals. 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Bacteriologic investigation of the effects of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine during the endodontic treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007;104(1),122–30.Estrela C, Silva JA, de Alencar AH, Leles CR, Decurcio DA. Efficacy of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine against Enterococcus faecalis--a systematic review. J Appl Oral Sci.2008;16(6):364-68.Fedorowicz Z, Sequeira P. Efficacy of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine against Enterococcus faecalis--a systematic review. J Appl Oral Sci.2008;16(6):364-68.Gomes BP, Martinho FC, Vianna ME. Comparison of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine gel on oral bacterial lipopolysaccharide reduction from primarily infected root canals. J Endod; 2009;35(10):1350-53.Abbaszadegan A, Khayat A, Motamedifar M. Comparison of antimicrobial efficacy of IKI and NaOCl irrigants in infected root canals: an in vivo study. Iran Endod J.2010;5(3):101-6.Bashetty K, Hegde J. Comparison of 2% chlorhexidine and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite irrigating solutions on postoperative pain: a randomized clinical trial. Indian J Dent Res.2010;21(4):523-27.Haapasalo M, Shen Y, Qian W, Gao Y. Irrigation in endodontics. Dent Clin North Am. 2010;54(2):291-312.Huffaker SK, Safavi K, Spangberg LS, Kaufman B. Influence of a passive sonic irrigation system on the elimination of bacteria from root canal systems: a clinical study. J Endod. 2010;36(8):1315-18.Kandaswamy D, Venkateshbabu N. Root canal irrigants. J cons dent.2010;13(4),256-64.Kaya S, Yiğit-Özer S, Adigüzel O. Evaluation of radicular dentin erosion and smear layer removal capacity of self-adjusting file using different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite as an initial irrigant. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol and Endod.2011;112(4):524-30.Paudel KR, Jaiswal A, Parajuli U, Bajracharya M. Different pharmacological solutions in intracanal irrigation. Nepal Med Coll J. 2011;13(2):111-14.Rôças IN, Siqueira JF Jr. Comparison of the in vivo antimicrobial effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine used as root canal irrigants: a molecular microbiology study. J Endod.2011;37(2):143-50.van der Vyver PJ, Botha FS, de Wet FA. Antimicrobial efficacy of nine different root canal irrigation solutions. SADJ. 2014;69(4):158-60,162-65.Beus C, Safavi K, Stratton J, Kaufman B (2012) Comparison of the effect of two endodontic irrigation protocols on the elimination of bacteria from root canal system: a prospective, randomized clinical trial. J Endod. 2012; 38(11):1479-83.Keenan AV. No evidence favouring one irrigant versus another in root canal treatments. Evid Based Dent.2012;13(4):107.Pawar R, Alqaied A, Safavi K, Boyko J, Kaufman B. Influence of an apical negative pressure irrigation system on bacterial elimination during endodontic therapy: a prospective randomized clinical study. J Endod.2012;38(9):1177–81.Cohenca N, Paranjpe A, Heilborn C, Johnson JD. Antimicrobial efficacy of two irrigation techniques in tapered and non-tapered canal preparations. A randomized controlled clinical trial. Quintessence Int. 2013;44(3):217-28.Guo X, Miao H, Li L, Zhang S, Zhou D, Lu Y, Wu L. Efficacy of four different irrigation techniques combined with 60 °C 3% sodium hypochlorite and 17% EDTA in smear layer removal. BMC Oral Health. 2014;14:114.Mashalkar S, Pawar MG, Kolhe S, Jain DT. Comparative evaluation of root canal disinfection by conventional method and laser: an in vivo study. Niger J Clin Pract. 2014;17(1):67-74.Martins MR, Carvalho MF, Pina-Vaz I, Capelas JA, Martins MA, Gutknecht N. Outcome of Er,Cr:YSGG laser-assisted treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis: a blind randomized clinical trial. Photomed Laser Surg. 2014;32(1):3-9.Ma J, Tong Z, Ling J, Liu H, Wei X. The effects of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine irrigants on the antibacterial activities of alkaline media against Enterococcus faecalis. Arch Oral Biol.2015;60(7):1075-81.Podar R, Kulkarni GP, Dadu SS, Singh S, Singh SH. In vivo antimicrobial efficacy of 6% Morinda citrifolia, Azadirachta indica, and 3% sodium hypochlorite as root canal irrigants. Eur J Dent.2015;9(4):529-34.Arias-Moliz MT, Morago A, Ordinola-Zapata R, Ferrer-Luque CM, Ruiz-Linares M, Baca P. Effects of dentin debris on the antimicrobial properties of sodium hypochlorite and etidronic acid. J Endod. 2016;42(2):771-75.Rôças IN, Provenzano JC, Neves MA, Siqueira JF Jr. Disinfecting effects of rotary instrumentation with either 2.5% sodium hypochlorite or 2% chlorhexidine as the main irrigant: a randomized clinical study. J Endod. 2016;42(6):943–47.Kist S, Kollmuss M, Jung J, Schubert S, Hickel R, Huth KC. Comparison of ozone gas and sodium hypochlorite/chlorhexidine two-visit disinfection protocols in treating apical periodontitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig. 2017;21(4):995-1005.Nourzadeh M, Amini A, Fakoor F, Raoof M, Sharififar F. Comparative antimicrobial efficacy of Eucalyptus Galbie and Myrtus Communis L. extracts, chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite against Enterococcus Faecalis. Iran Endod J.2017.12(2):205-10.Dakin HD. On the use of certain antiseptic substances in the treatment of infected wounds. Br Med J. 1915; 2(2852):318-20.Walker A. A definite and dependable therapy for pulpless teeth. J Am Dent Assoc. 1922;23(8):1418-25.Grossman LI. Irrigation of root canals. J Am Dent Assoc. 1943;30:1915-17.Bajaj D, Sundaram N, Nazari A, Arola D. Age, dehydration and fatigue crack growth in dentin. Biomaterials. 2006;27(11):2507-17.Kruzic JJ, Nalla RK, Kinney JH, Ritchie RO. 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Mesona chiensis Benth. is a natural and safe pharmaceutical ingredient with many nutrients and special medical functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevention and treatment effect of ethanol extract from Mesona chiensis Benth. on the plasma lipid concentration of high fat diet-induced obesity mice. Male white mice (Mus musculus) 5 - 6 weeks of age were fed a high-fat diet including standard pellets (65% in weight) and boiled lard (35% in weight) for 6 weeks model obese mice. The study was divided into 2 periods: the prevention period for 4 weeks and the treatment period for 15 days. Prevention group (normal-weight mice) received ethanol extract of Mesona chinensis Benth. (400 mg/kg bw) and be fed a high-fat diet for 4 weeks. Treatment group (obese mice) received ethanol extract of Mesona chinensis Benth. (400 mg/kg bw) and be fed a high-fat diet for 15 days. The finding of the present investigation showed that mice fed a high-fat diet had significantly higher levels of TC, TG and TC/HDL-C compared to those in mice fed a normal diet. Body weight (bw) was significantly and positively correlated to TG (r = 0.53, P < 0.05) and TC (r = 0.33, P < 0.05) levels. After 4 weeks of receiving ethanol extract of Mesona chinensis Benth., the TG concentration and TC/HDL-C of the prevention group were significantly lower than those of the control group. After 15 days of treatment with obese mice, no statistically significant differences in blood lipid concentrations were observed compared with mice receiving fenofibrat and NaCl. In conclusion, ethanol extract of Mesona chinensis Benth. has the effect of preventing hyperlipidemia in mice fed a high-fat diet. Keywords Mesona chiensis Benth., hypolipidemic, high fat diet, obesity mice. References [1] A.D. Smith, S.P. Datta, G.H. Smith, Oxford dictionary of biochemistry and molecular biology, Oxford University Press, UK, 1997.[2] T. Akiyama, I. Tachibana, H. Shirohara, N. Watanabe and M. Otsuki, High-fat hypercaloric diet induces obesity, glucose intolerance and hyperlipidemia in normal adult male Wistar rat, Diabetes research and clinical practice. 31 (1996) 27-35. [3] T. Kelly, W. Yang, C.S. Chen, K. Reynolds, J. He, Global burden of obesity in 2005 and projections to 2030, International journal of obesity. 32 (2008) 1431-1437.[4] E. Bonora, S. Kiechl, J. Willeit, F. Oberhollenzer, G. Egger, R. Bonadonna and M. Muggeo, Carotid atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease in the metabolic syndrome, Diabetes Care. 26 (2003) 1251-1257.[5] P. Paramsothy, R. Knopp, Management of dyslipidaemias, Heart 92 (2006) 1529-1534. [6] M.F. Asaolu, S.S. Asaolu, A.O. Oyeyemi and B.T. Aluko, Hypolipemic effects of methanolic extract of Persea americana seeds in hypercholesterolemic rats, J Med Medical Sci 1 (2010) 126-128.[7] T. Zhou, D. Luo, X. Li and Y. Luo, Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of flavonoids from lotus (Nelumbo nuficera Gaertn) leaf in diabetic mice, Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 3 (2009) 290-293.[8] R. Subramanian, M.Z. Asmawi and A. Sadikun, Effect of ethanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) nees on a combination of fat-fed diet and low dose streptozotocin induced chronic insulin resistance in rats, Diabetologia Croatica 37 (2008) 13-22.[9] R. Gupta, R.S. Gupta, Effect of Pterocarpus marsupium in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic state in rats: comparison with glibenclamide, Diabetologia Croatica. 38 (2009) 39-45.[10] N.S. El-Shenawy, I.M. Abdel-Nabi, Hypoglycemic effect of Cleome droserifolia ethanolic leaf extract in experimental diabetes, and on non-enzymatic antioxidant, glycogen, thyroid hormone and insulin levels, Diabetologia Croatica. 35 (2006) 15-22.[11] J.C. Russell, S.D. Proctor, Small animal models of cardiovascular disease: tools for the study of the roles of metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis, Cardiovasc. Pathol. 15 (2006) 318-330.[12] W. Yin, E. Carballo-Jane, D.G. McLaren, V.H. Mendoza, K. Gagen, N.S. Geoghagen and M. Wolff, Plasma lipid profiling across species for the identification of optimal animal models of human dyslipidemia, Journal of lipid research. 53 (2012) 51-65.[13] Z. Zhao, Y. Shi, N. Huang, C. Fu, F. Tang, Q. Jiang, The research advances on Mesona chinensis Benth in China, Journal of Southern Agriculture. 42 (2011) 657-660.[14] S. Hailan, H. Yingzhen, C. Jingying, Comparative analysis of amino acids content in Mesona chinensis from different producing areas, Chinese Wild Plant Resour 5 (2011) 19-23.[15] Y.F. Liu, H.T. Xia, S.P. Yang, Quantitative Determination of Total Flavonoids in Sisal Flower by UV Spectrophotometry, Food Science. 9 (2005) 107-112.[16] C. Chusak, T. Thilavech, S. Adisakwattana, Consumption of Mesona chinensis attenuates postprandial glucose and improves antioxidant status induced by a high carbohydrate meal in overweight subjects, The American journal of Chinese medicine. 42 (2014) 315-336.[17] N.H. Linh, M.D. Quynh, M.T.T. Le, B.T.T. Thuy, V.T.M. Hong, N.T.H. Hanh, Effects of Mesona chinensis Benth. extract on obesity treatment in mice, Journal of Science and Technology of Thai Nguyen University. 164 (2017), 195-199 [Article in Vietnamese].[18] T.T.C. Mai, N.T. Ha, P.T. Ngoc, Effect of green tea (Camellia sinensis) polyphenol on blood antioxydant status in streptozocin induced diabetic rats, Journal of Medical Research. 5 (2005) 27-33 [Article in Vietnamese].[19] N.Q. Trung, P.T. Ngoc, Study on the effect of reducing dyslipidemia of mulberry leaf extract powder in dyslipidemia and diabetes white rats, Journal of Medical Research. 4 (2007) 107-115 [Article in Vietnamese]. [20] B. Enkhmaa, K. Shiwaku, T. Katsube, Mulberry (Murus alba L.) leaves and their major flavonol quercetin 3-(6-malonylglucoside) attenuate atheroscletotic lesion development in LDL recepror-deficient mice, The Journal of Nutrition. 135 (2005) 729-734. [21] E.C. Aguilar, M.D.G.M.N. Queiroz, D.A.D. Oliveira and N.J.F.D. Oliveira, Serum lipid profile and hepatic evaluation in mice fed diet containing pequi nut or pulp (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.), Food Science and Technology. 31 (2011) 879-883.[22] T.T.M. Loan, T.Q. Binh, Co-relation between body mass index and dyslipidemias in hypertensive patients, Medical journals Ho Chi Minh City. 13 (2009) 61-66.[23] N.T.H. Hanh, L.T. Tuyet, D.T.A. Dao, Y. Tao, C.D. Toi, Childhood obesity is a high-risk factor for hypertriglyceridemia: a case-control study in Vietnam, Osong public health and research perspectives. 8 (2017) 138.[24] C.T.M. Duyen, N.T.T. Huong, Hypolipidemic effect of Mikei red reishi esence caosule on tyloxapol (Triton WR-1339) – induced hyperlipidemia, Medical journals Ho Chi Minh City. 18 (2014) 62-68.[25] D.T.A. Dao, L.T. Tuyet, N.T.H. Hanh, N.T.T. Thu, L.T. Anh, Treating mice for obesity and dyslipidemia using lotus (Neulumbo nucifera) leaf tea, Journal of Science, Hanoi National University of Education. 58 (2013) 122-131 [Article in Vietnamese].

Abstract Objective. This work sought to determine the effectiveness of an aerobic exercise program on the occupational stress of nurses.Methods. Prevention-type controlled clinical trial carried out with the participation of 60 nurses working in hospitals affiliated to Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in Iran. Randomly, the nurses were assigned to the experimental group or to the control group. The intervention consisted in an aerobic exercise program lasting three months with three weekly sessions one hour each. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) questionnaire measured occupational stress with 35 questions, each with five Likert-type response options, which can have a maximum score of 175 points; higher scores meant lower levels of occupational stress. The HSE was evaluated during three moments: upon registering, after finishing the exercise program (week 8), and two months after terminating the intervention (week 16).Results. The level of occupational stress was the same in the experimental and control groups during registration (86.2 vs. 86.3). Upon finishing the aerobic exercise program (week 8), the experimental group showed a higher score than the control group (119.7 vs. 86.2, p<0.01), with this score diminishing after two months of having ended the intervention (91.4 vs. 85.8, p=0.061).Conclusion. The aerobic exercise program was associated to decreased work stress of nurses in the experimental group compared to the control group at eight weeks, but this difference did not persist when the experimental group did not continue with the program.Descriptors: control groups; physical exertion; occupational stress; nurses; female.How to cite this article: Zinat Mohebbi Z, Dehkordi SF, Sharif S, Banitalebi E. The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Occupational Stress of Female Nurses: A Controlled Clinical Trial. Invest. Educ. Enferm. 2019; 37(2):e05.ReferencesRice PL. Stress and health. Brooks/Cole Publishing Company. 3rd Ed. 1998. Mashhadi HA, Arizi HR. A comparsion of job motivation trends among teachers of handicaped and public schools. Amuzeh. 2011; 6(3):18-32. Sarafis P, Rousaki E, Tsounis A, Malliarou M, Lahana L, Bamidis P, et al. The impact of occupational stress on nurses' caring behaviors and their health related quality of life. BMC Nurs. 2016; 15:56. Bhui K, Dinos S, Galant-Miecznikowska M, de Jongh B, Stansfeld S. Perceptions of work stress causes and effective interventions in employees working in public, private and non-governmental organisations: a qualitative study. BJPsych. Bull. 2016; 40(6):318-25. Lo MC, Thurasamy R, Liew WT. Relationship between bases of power and job stresses: role of mentoring. Springerplus. 2014; 3:432. Trifunovic N, Jatic Z, Kulenovic AD. Identification of Causes of the Occupational Stress for Health Providers at Different Levels of Health Care. Med Arch. 2017; 71(3):169-72. Montano D, Hoven H, Siegrist J. Effects of organisational-level interventions at work on employees’ health: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2014: 14(1):135. Van den Oetelaar WF, van Stel HF, van Rhenen W, Stellato RK, Grolman W. Balancing nurses' workload in hospital wards: study protocol of developing a method to manage workload. BMJ Open. 2016;6(11):e012148. Roberts RK, Grubb PL. The consequences of nursing stress and need for integrated solutions. Rehabil. Nurs. 2013; 39(2):62-9. Sharma P, Davey A, Davey S, Shukla A, Shrivastava K, Bansal R. Occupational stress among staff nurses: Controlling the risk to health. Indian J. Occup. Environ. Med. 2014; 18(2):52-6. Nabirye RC, Brown KC, Pryor ER, Maples EH. Occupational stress, job satisfaction and job performance among hospital nurses in Kampala, Uganda. J. Nurs. Manag. 2014; 19(6):760- 8. Isfahani S, Hosseini M, Khoshknab H, Peyrovi, Khanke R. What Really Motivates Iranian Nurses to Be Creative in Clinical Settings?: A Qualitative Study. Glob. J. 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This essay aims to elucidate issues related to the origin, definition and contributions of number sense to mathematical learning. We discuss the controversies involved in the origin and conceptualization of the construct, as well as the understanding of number sense that characterizes this work. We present studies that highlight the relevant role that number sense plays in the construction of initial mathematics and the relation that this construct has evidenced in children’s later mathematical performance. These findings are then related to educational actions developed by researchers in the field, showing the effectiveness of the investment in developing mathematical interventions. In conclusion, it is evidenced the controversy that characterizes the concept of number sense, which reflects the need for more research in this field. A strong predictive relationship between the construct and later mathematical knowledge is also highlighted, which has led to the realization of intervention studies in this field. Such studies have shown encouraging results for kindergarten and elementary school students who have difficulties in learning mathematics.ResumoEste ensaio tem como objetivo elucidar questões relativas à origem, definição e contribuições do senso numérico para a aprendizagem matemática. Abordam-se as controvérsias envolvidas na origem e conceituação do constructo, assim como a compreensão de senso numérico que caracteriza este trabalho. São apresentados estudos que destacam o papel relevante que o senso numérico desempenha para a construção da matemática inicial e a relação que este constructo tem evidenciado com o desempenho matemático posterior das crianças. Após, relaciona-se o que foi exposto às ações educacionais desenvolvidas por pesquisadores da área, mostrando a efetividade do investimento no desenvolvimento de intervenções matemáticas. Em conclusão, fica evidenciada a controvérsia que caracteriza a conceituação de senso numérico, o que reflete a necessidade e relevância de mais pesquisa nesta área. É destacada também a forte relação preditiva entre o constructo e o conhecimento matemático posterior, o que tem impulsionado a realização de estudos de intervenção neste campo, com resultados animadores, para alunos da Educação Infantil e dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental que apresentam dificuldades de aprendizagem na matemática.ResumenEste ensayo tiene como objetivo dilucidar cuestiones relacionadas con el origen, la definición y las contribuciones del sentido numérico al aprendizaje matemático. Discutimos las controversias involucradas en el origen y la conceptualización del constructo, así como la comprensión del sentido numérico que caracteriza este trabajo. Presentamos estudios que destacan el papel relevante que juega el sentido numérico en la construcción de las matemáticas iniciales y la relación que este constructo ha evidenciado en el rendimiento matemático posterior de los niños. Estos hallazgos se relacionan luego con acciones educativas desarrolladas por investigadores en este campo, evidenciando la efectividad de los esfuerzos en el desarrollo de intervenciones matemáticas. En conclusión, queda evidenciada la controversia que caracteriza el concepto de sentido numérico, lo que refleja la necesidad de más investigación en este campo. También se destaca una fuerte relación predictiva entre este constructo y el conocimiento matemático posterior, lo que ha llevado a la realización de estudios de intervención en esta área. Dichos estudios han mostrado resultados alentadores para los alumnos de la Educación Infantil y años iniciales de la Enseñanza Fundamental que tienen dificultades para aprender matemáticas.Palavras-chave: Senso numérico, Aprendizagem da matemática, Estudos preditivos, Intervenção.Keywords: Number sense, Mathematical learning, Predictive studies, Intervention.Palabras clave: Sentido numérico, Aprendizaje matemático, Estudios Predictivos, Intervención.ReferencesANDERSSON, Ulf; LYXELL, Björn. Working memory deficit in children with mathematical difficulties: A general or specific deficit? Journal of experimental child psychology, v. 96, n. 3, p. 197-228, 2007.ANDREWS, Paul; SAYERS, Judy. Identifying opportunities for grade one children to acquire foundational number sense: Developing a framework for cross cultural classroom analyses. Early Childhood Education Journal, v. 43, n. 4, p. 257-267, 2015.ANTELL, Sue Ellen; KEATING, Daniel P. Perception of numerical invariance in neonates. 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Revista Psicologia: Teoria e Prática, v. 20, n. 1, p. 141-154, 2018.CORSO, L.; DORNELES, B. V. Senso numérico e dificuldades de aprendizagem na matemática. Revista Psicopedagogia, São Paulo, 83, 289–309, 2010.DEHAENE, Stanislas. Babies who count. In: DEHAENE, Stanislas. The Number Sense: how the mind creates mathematics. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.DE SMEDT, Bert; GILMORE, Camilla K. Defective number module or impaired access? Numerical magnitude processing in first graders with mathematical difficulties. Journal of experimental child psychology, v. 108, n. 2, p. 278-292, 2011.DOWKER, Ann; SIGLEY, Graham. Targeted interventions for children with arithmetical difficulties. In: BJEP Monograph Series II, Number 7-Understanding number development and difficulties. British Psychological Society, p. 65-81, 2010.DYSON, Nancy I.; JORDAN, Nancy C.; GLUTTING, Joseph. A number sense intervention for low-income kindergartners at risk for mathematics difficulties. 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(Jörg Sonntag, Dresden) Deutschländer, Gerrit / Ingrid Würth (Hrsg.), Eine Lebenswelt im Wandel. Klöster in Stadt und Land (Quellen und Forschungen zur Geschichte Sachsen-Anhalts, 14), Halle a. d. S. 2017, Mitteldeutscher Verlag, 287 S. / Abb., € 35,00. (Niels Petersen, Göttingen) Holbach, Rudolf / David Weiss (Hrsg.), Vorderfflik twistringhe unde twydracht. Städtische Konflikte im späten Mittelalter (Oldenburger Schriften zur Geschichtswissenschaft, 18), Oldenburg 2017, BIS-Verlag, 244 S. / Abb., € 22,80. (Robin Köhler-Kelzenberg, Bochum) Kah, Daniela, Die wahrhaft königliche Stadt. Das Reich in den Reichsstädten Augsburg, Nürnberg und Lübeck im Späten Mittelalter (Studies in Medieval and Reformation Traditions, 211), Leiden / Boston 2018, Brill, X u. 455 S. / Abb., € 125,00. (Marco Tomaszewski, Freiburg i. Br.) Kobayashi, Asami, Papsturkunden in Lucca (1227 – 1276). 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(Andreas Erb, Dessau) Schwerhoff, Gerd, Köln im Ancien Régime. 1686 – 1794 (Geschichte der Stadt Köln, 7), Köln 2017, Greven, XIV u. 552 S. / Abb., € 60,00. (Patrick Schmidt, Rostock) James, Leonie, „This Great Firebrand“. William Laud and Scotland, 1617 – 1645 (Studies in Modern British Religious History, 36), Woodbridge / Rochester 2017, The Boydell Press, XIV u. 195 S., £ 60,00. (Martin Foerster, Hamburg) Campbell, Alexander D., The Life and Works of Robert Baillie (1602 – 1662). Politics, Religion and Record-Keeping in the British Civil Wars (St. Andrews Studies in Scottish History, 6), Woodbridge / Rochester 2017, The Boydell Press, IX u. 259 S., £ 75,00. (Ronald G. Asch, Freiburg i. Br.) Parrish, David, Jacobitism and Anti-Jacobitism in the British Atlantic World, 1688 – 1727 (Studies in History. New Series), Woodbridge / Rochester 2017, The Boydell Press, X u. 189 S., £ 50,00. (Ronald G. Asch, Freiburg i. Br.) Graham, Aaron / Patrick Walsh (Hrsg.), The British Fiscal-Military State, 1660 – c. 1783, London / New York 2016, Routledge, XI u. 290 S. / Abb., £ 80,00. (Torsten Riotte, Frankfurt a. M.) Hoppit, Julian, Britain’s Political Economies. Parliament and Economic Life, 1660 – 1800, Cambridge 2017, Cambridge University Press, XXII u. 391 S. / graph. Darst., £ 22,99. (Justus Nipperdey, Saarbrücken) Talbot, Michael, British-Ottoman Relations, 1661 – 1807. Commerce and Diplomatic Practice in Eighteenth-Century Istanbul, Woodbridge / Rochester 2017, The Boydell Press, XIII u. 256 S. / graph. Darst., £ 70,00. (Christine Vogel, Vechta) Niggemann, Ulrich, Revolutionserinnerung in der Frühen Neuzeit. Refigurationen der „Glorious Revolution“ in Großbritannien (1688 – 1760) (Veröffentlichungen des Deutsche Historischen Instituts London, 79), Berlin / Boston 2017, de Gruyter, XII u. 653 S. / Abb., € 64,95. (Georg Eckert, Wuppertal) Ducheyne, Steffen (Hrsg.), Reassessing the Radical Enlightenment, London / New York 2017, Routledge, XII u. 318 S., £ 32,99. (Bettina Dietz, Hongkong) Lehner, Ulrich (Hrsg.), Women, Enlightenment and Catholicism. A Transnational Biographical History, London / New York 2018, Routledge, XI u. 236 S. / Abb., £ 100,00. (Elisabeth Fischer, Hamburg) Möller, Horst / Claus Scharf / Wassili Dudarew / Maja Lawrinowitsch (Hrsg.), Deutschland – Russland. Stationen gemeinsamer Geschichte, Orte der Erinnerung, Bd. 1: Das 18. Jahrhundert, Berlin / Boston 2018, de Gruyter Oldenbourg, 410 S. / Abb., € 29,95. (Martina Winkler, Kiel) Bittner, Anja, Eine königliche Mission. Der französisch-jakobitische Invasionsversuch von 1708 im europäischen Kontext (Schriften des Frühneuzeitzentrums Potsdam, 6), Göttingen 2017, V&amp;R unipress, 277 S., € 45,00. (Torsten Riotte, Frankfurt a.M.) Schmidt-Voges, Inken / Ana Crespo Solana (Hrsg.), New Worlds? Transformations in the Culture of International Relations around the Peace of Utrecht, London / New York 2017, Routledge, IX u. 232 S., £ 105,00. (Anuschka Tischer, Würzburg) Mager, Ria, Zwischen Legitimation und Inspektion. Die Rheinlandreise Napoleon Bonapartes im Jahre 1804 (Konsulat und Kaiserreich, 4), Frankfurt a. M. [u. a.] 2016, Lang, 330 S., € 61,95. (Josef Johannes Schmid, Mainz)

Cremer, Annette C. / Martin Mulsow (Hrsg.), Objekte als Quellen der historischen Kulturwissenschaften. Stand und Perspektiven der Forschung (Ding, Materialität, Geschichte, 2), Köln / Weimar / Wien 2017, Böhlau, 352 S. / Abb., € 50,00. (Alexander Georg Durben, Münster) Pfister, Ulrich (Hrsg.), Kulturen des Entscheidens. Narrative – Praktiken – Ressourcen (Kulturen des Entscheidens, 1), Göttingen 2019, Vandenhoeck &amp; Ruprecht, 409 S. / Abb., € 70,00. (Wolfgang Reinhard, Freiburg i. Br.) Krischer, André (Hrsg.), Verräter. Geschichte eines Deutungsmusters, Wien / Köln / Weimar 2019, Böhlau, 353 S. / Abb., € 39,00. (Wolfgang Reinhard, Freiburg i. Br.) Baumbach, Hendrik / Horst Carl (Hrsg.), Landfrieden – epochenübergreifend. Neue Perspektiven der Landfriedensforschung auf Verfassung, Recht, Konflikt (Zeitschrift für Historische Forschung, Beiheft 54), Berlin 2018, Duncker &amp; Humblot, 280 S., € 69,90. (Fabian Schulze, Ulm / Augsburg) Ertl, Thomas (Hrsg.), Erzwungene Exile. Umsiedlung und Vertreibung in der Vormoderne (500 – 1850), Frankfurt a. M. / New York 2017, Campus, 272 S., € 39,95. (Alexander Schunka, Berlin) Earenfight, Theresa (Hrsg.), Royal and Elite Households in Medieval and Early Modern Europe. More than Just a Castle (Explorations in Medieval Culture, 6), Leiden / Boston 2018, Brill, IX u. 416 S., € 150,00. (Jeroen Duindam, Leiden) Hiltmann, Torsten / Laurent Hablot (Hrsg.), Heraldic Artists and Painters in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times (Heraldic Studies, 1), Ostfildern 2018, Thorbecke, 236 S. / Abb., € 45,00. (Luc Duerloo, Antwerpen) Kießling, Rolf / Frank Konersmann / Werner Troßbach, Grundzüge der Agrargeschichte, Bd. 1: Vom Spätmittelalter bis zum Dreißigjährigen Krieg (1350 – 1650), Köln / Weimar / Wien 2016, Böhlau, 329 S. / Abb., € 30,00. (Maximilian Schuh, Heidelberg) Kiening, Christian, Fülle und Mangel. Medialität im Mittelalter, Zürich 2016, Chronos, 468 S. / Abb., € 26,00. (Petra Schulte, Trier) Lachaud, Frédérique / Michael Penman (Hrsg.), Absentee Authority across Medieval Europe, Woodbridge 2017, The Boydell Press, XI u. 264 S. / Abb., £ 60,00. (Melanie Panse-Buchwalter, Essen) Antonín, Robert, The Ideal Ruler in Medieval Bohemia (East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450 – 1450, 44), Leiden / Boston 2017, Brill, XIII u. 400 S. / Abb., € 145,00. (Julia Burkhardt, Heidelberg) Musson, Anthony / Nigel Ramsay (Hrsg.), Courts of Chivalry and Admiralty in Late Medieval Europe, Woodbridge 2018, The Boydell Press, XIV u. 250 S. / Abb., £ 60,00. (Jörg Peltzer, Heidelberg) Paravicini, Werner, Ehrenvolle Abwesenheit. Studien zum adligen Reisen im späteren Mittelalter. Gesammelte Aufsätze, hrsg. v. Jan Hirschbiegel / Harm von Seggern, Ostfildern 2017, Thorbecke, XI u. 757 S. / Abb., € 94,00. (Christina Antenhofer, Salzburg) Kolditz, Sebastian / Markus Koller (Hrsg.), The Byzantine-Ottoman Transition in Venetian Chronicles / La transizione bizantino-ottomana nelle cronache veneziane (Venetiana, 19), Rom 2018, Viella, 324 S. / graph. Darst., € 32,00. (Mihailo Popović, Wien) Documents on the Papal Plenary Indulgences 1300 – 1517 Preached in the „Regnum Teutonicum“, hrsg. v. Stuart Jenks (Later Medieval Europe, 16), Leiden / Boston 2018, Brill, XX u. 811 S., € 175,00. (Axel Ehlers, Hannover) Kumhera, Glenn, The Benefits of Peace. Private Peacemaking in Late Medieval Italy (The Medieval Mediterranean, 109), Berlin / Boston 2017, Brill, VIII u. 314 S., € 119,00. (Tobias Daniels, München) Campopiano, Michele / Helen Fulton (Hrsg.), Anglo-Italian Cultural Relations in the Later Middle Ages, Woodbridge 2018, York Medieval Press, XI u. 212 S. / Abb., £ 60,00. (Jörg Rogge, Mainz) Hole, Jennifer, Economic Ethics in Late Medieval England, 1300 – 1500 (Archival Insights into the Evolution of Economics), Cham 2016, Palgrave Macmillan, XII u. 300 S., € 123,04. (Petra Schulte, Trier) Klingner, Jens / Benjamin Müsegades (Hrsg.), (Un)‌Gleiche Kurfürsten? Die Pfalzgrafen bei Rhein und die Herzöge von Sachsen im späten Mittelalter (1356 – 1547) (Heidelberger Veröffentlichungen zur Landesgeschichte und Landeskunde, 19), Heidelberg 2017, Universitätsverlag Winter, 280 S. / Abb., € 45,00. (Jörg Schwarz, München) Mütze, Dirk M., Das Augustiner-Chorherrenstift St. Afra in Meißen (1205 – 1539) (Schriften zur sächsischen Geschichte und Volkskunde, 54), Leipzig 2016, Leipziger Universitätsverlag, 434 S. / Abb., € 49,00. (Stefan Tebruck, Gießen) Langeloh, Jacob, Erzählte Argumente. Exempla und historische Argumentation in politischen Traktaten c. 1265 – 1325 (Studien und Texte zur Geistesgeschichte des Mittelalters, 123), Leiden / Boston 2017, Brill, X u. 414 S., € 128,00. (Frank Godthardt, Hamburg) The Dedicated Spiritual Life of Upper Rhine Noble Women. A Study and Translation of a Fourteenth-Century Spiritual Biography of Gertrude Rickeldey of Ortenberg and Heilke of Staufenberg, hrsg., komm. u. übers. v. Anneke B. Mulder-Bakker in Zusammenarbeit mit Gertrud J. Lewis / Tilman Lewis / Michael Hopf / Freimut Löser (Sanctimoniales, 2), Turnhout 2017, Brepols, VIII u. 269 S., € 80,00. (Jörg Voigt, Rom) Roeck, Bernd, Der Morgen der Welt. Geschichte der Renaissance (Historische Bibliothek der Gerda Henkel Stiftung), München 2017, Beck, 1304 S. / Abb., € 44,00. (Reinhard Stauber, Klagenfurt) Eming, Jutta / Michael Dallapiazza (Hrsg.), Marsilio Ficino in Deutschland und Italien. Renaissance-Magie zwischen Wissenschaft und Literatur (Episteme in Bewegung, 7), Wiesbaden 2017, Harrassowitz, VIII u. 291 S. / Abb., € 56,00. (Michaela Boenke, München) Furstenberg-Levi, Shulamit, The Accademia Pontaniana. A Model of a Humanist Network (Brill’s Studies in Intellectual History, 258), Leiden / London 2016, Brill, VIII u. 223 S., € 116,00. (Tobias Daniels, München) Andermann, Ulrich, Humanismus im Nordwesten. Köln – Niederrhein – Westfalen, Münster 2018, Aschendorff, 361 S., € 56,00. (Jan-Hendryk de Boer, Essen) Adams, Jonathan / Cordelia Heß (Hrsg.), Revealing the Secrets of the Jews. Johannes Pfefferkorn and Christian Writings about Jewish Life and Literature in Early Modern Europe, Berlin / Boston 2017, de Gruyter, XV u. 325 S. / Abb., € 79,95. (Gudrun Emberger, Berlin) Buchet, Christian / Gérard Le Bouëdec (Hrsg.), The Sea in History / La mer dans l’histoire, [Bd. 3:] The Early Modern World / La période moderne, The Boydell Press, Woodbridge / Rochester 2017, The Boydell Press, XXVI u. 1072 S., £ 125,00. (Jann M. Witt, Laboe) Broomhall, Susan (Hrsg.), Early Modern Emotions. An Introduction (Early Modern Themes), London / New York 2017, Routledge, XXXVIII u. 386 S. / Abb., £ 36,99. (Hannes Ziegler, London) Faini, Marco / Alessia Meneghin (Hrsg.), Domestic Devotions in the Early Modern World (Intersections, 59.2), Leiden / Boston 2019, Brill, XXII u. 356 S. / Abb., € 154,00. (Volker Leppin, Tübingen) Richardson, Catherine / Tara Hamling / David Gaimster (Hrsg.), The Routledge Handbook of Material Culture in Early Modern Europe (The Routledge History Handbook), London / New York 2017, Routledge, XIX u. 485 S. / Abb. £ 105,00. (Kim Siebenhüner, Jena) Ilmakunnas, Johanna / Jon Stobart (Hrsg.), A Taste for Luxury in Early Modern Europe. Display, Acquisition and Boundaries, London [u. a.] 2017, Bloomsbury Academic, XV u. 318 S. / Abb., £ 85,00. (Kim Siebenhüner, Jena) Czeguhn, Ignacio / José Antonio López Nevot / Antonio Sánchez Aranda (Hrsg.), Control of Supreme Courts in Early Modern Europe (Schriften zur Rechtsgeschichte, 181), Berlin 2018, Duncker &amp; Humblot, 323 S. / Abb., € 89,90. (Peter Oestmann, Münster) Heuser, Beatrice (Hrsg.), Small Wars and Insurgencies in Theory and Practice, 1500 – 1850, London / New York 2016, Routledge, XII u. 219 S., £ 29,95. (Horst Carl, Gießen) Koopmans, Joop W., Early Modern Media and the News in Europe. Perspectives from the Dutch Angle (Library of the Written Word, 70; The Handpress World, 54), Leiden / Boston 2018, Brill, XVII u. 361 S. / Abb., € 140,00. (Johannes Arndt, Münster) Miller, John, Early Modern Britain. 1450 – 1750 (Cambridge History of Britain, 3), Cambridge 2017, Cambridge University Press, XVIII u. 462 S. / Abb., £ 22,99. (Michael Schaich, London) Blickle, Renate, Politische Streitkultur in Altbayern. Beiträge zur Geschichte der Grundrechte in der frühen Neuzeit, hrsg. v. Claudia Ulbrich / Michaela Hohkamp / Andrea Griesebner (Quellen und Forschungen zur Agrargeschichte, 58), Berlin / Boston 2017, de Gruyter, XII u. 226 S., € 69,95. (Thomas Wallnig, Wien) Näther, Birgit, Die Normativität des Praktischen. Strukturen und Prozesse vormoderner Verwaltungsarbeit. Das Beispiel der landesherrlichen Visitation in Bayern (Verhandeln, Verfahren, Entscheiden, 4), Münster 2017, Aschendorff, 215 S. / Abb., € 41,00. (Franziska Neumann, Rostock) Sherer, Idan, Warriors for a Living. The Experience of the Spanish Infantry during the Italian Wars, 1494 – 1559 (History of Warfare, 114), Leiden / Boston 2017, Brill, VIII u. 289 S. / Abb., € 120,00. (Heinrich Lang, Leipzig) Abela, Joan, Hospitaller Malta and the Mediterranean Economy in the Sixteenth Century, Woodbridge 2018, The Boydell Press, XXVI u. 263 S. / Abb., £ 75,00. (Magnus Ressel, Frankfurt a. M.) Bünz, Enno / Werner Greiling / Uwe Schirmer (Hrsg.), Thüringische Klöster und Stifte in vor- und frühreformatorischer Zeit (Quellen und Forschungen zu Thüringen im Zeitalter der Reformation, 6), Köln / Weimar / Wien 2017, Böhlau, 461 S., € 60,00. (Ingrid Würth, Halle a. d. S.) Witt, Christian V., Martin Luthers Reformation der Ehe. Sein theologisches Eheverständnis vor dessen augustinisch-mittelalterlichem Hintergrund (Spätmittelalter, Humanismus, Reformation, 95), Tübingen 2017, Mohr Siebeck, XIV u. 346 S., € 99,00. (Iris Fleßenkämper, Münster) Freitag, Werner / Wilfried Reininghaus (Hrsg.), Beiträge zur Geschichte der Reformation in Westfalen, Bd. 1: „Langes“ 15. Jahrhundert, Übergänge und Zäsuren. Beiträge der Tagung am 30. und 31. Oktober 2015 in Lippstadt (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Westfalen. Neue Folge, 35), Münster 2017, Aschendorff, 352 S. / Abb., € 39,00. (Andreas Rutz, Düsseldorf) Hartmann, Thomas F., Die Reichstage unter Karl V. Verfahren und Verfahrensentwicklung 1521 – 1555 (Schriftenreihe der Historischen Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 100), Göttingen / Bristol 2017, Vandenhoeck &amp; Ruprecht, 370 S., € 70,00. (Reinhard Seyboth, Regensburg) Der Reichstag zu Regensburg 1541, 4 Teilbde., bearb. v. Albrecht P. Luttenberger (Deutsche Reichstagsakten. Jüngere Reihe, 11), Berlin / Boston 2018, de Gruyter Oldenbourg, 3777 S., € 598,00. (Eva Ortlieb, Graz) Putten, Jasper van, Networked Nation. Mapping German Cities in Sebastian Münster’s „Cosmographia“ (Maps, Spaces, Cultures, 1), Leiden / Boston 2018, Brill, XXIII u. 353 S. / Abb., € 135,00. (Felicitas Schmieder, Hagen) Müller, Winfried / Martina Schattkowski / Dirk Syndram (Hrsg.), Kurfürst August von Sachsen. Ein nachreformatorischer „Friedensfürst“ zwischen Territorium und Reich. Beiträge zur wissenschaftlichen Tagung vom 9. bis 11. Juli 2015 in Torgau und Dresden, Dresden 2017, Sandstein, 240 S. / Abb., € 28,00. (Vinzenz Czech, Potsdam) Haas, Alexandra, Hexen und Herrschaftspolitik. Die Reichsgrafen von Oettingen und ihr Umgang mit den Hexenprozessen im Vergleich (Hexenforschung, 17), Bielefeld 2018, Verlag für Regionalgeschichte, 319 S. / Abb., € 29,00. (Rainer Walz, Bochum) Flurschütz da Cruz, Andreas, Hexenbrenner, Seelenretter. Fürstbischof Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn (1573 – 1617) und die Hexenverfolgungen im Hochstift Würzburg (Hexenforschung, 16), Bielefeld 2017, Verlag für Regionalgeschichte, 252 S. / Abb., € 24,00. (Rainer Walz, Bochum) Sidler, Daniel, Heiligkeit aushandeln. Katholische Reform und lokale Glaubenspraxis in der Eidgenossenschaft (1560 – 1790) (Campus Historische Studien, 75), Frankfurt a. M. / New York 2017, Campus, 593 S. / Abb., € 58,00. (Heinrich Richard Schmidt, Bern) Moring, Beatrice / Richard Wall, Widows in European Economy and Society, 1600 – 1920, Woodbridge / Rochester 2017, The Boydell Press, XIII u. 327 S. / Abb., £ 75,00. (Margareth Lanzinger, Wien) Katsiardi-Hering, Olga / Maria A. Stassinopoulou (Hrsg.), Across the Danube. Southeastern Europeans and Their Travelling Identities (17th–19th C.) (Studies in Global Social History, 27; Studies in Global Migration History, 9), Leiden / Boston 2017, Brill, VIII u. 330 S. / Abb., € 110,00. (Olivia Spiridon, Tübingen) „wobei mich der liebe Gott wunderlich beschutzet“. Die Schreibkalender des Clamor Eberhard von dem Bussche zu Hünnefeld (1611 – 1666). Edition mit Kommentar, hrsg. v. Lene Freifrau von dem Bussche-Hünnefeld / Stephanie Haberer, [Bramsche] 2017, Rasch, 216 S. / Abb., € 34,50. (Helga Meise, Reims) Rohrschneider, Michael / Anuschka Tischer (Hrsg.), Dynamik durch Gewalt? Der Dreißigjährige Krieg (1618 – 1648) als Faktor der Wandlungsprozesse des 17. Jahrhunderts (Schriftenreihe zur Neueren Geschichte, 38; Neue Folge, 1), Münster 2018, Aschendorff, VII u. 342 S. / Abb., € 48,00. (Claire Gantet, Fribourg) Schloms, Antje, Institutionelle Waisenfürsorge im Alten Reich 1648 – 1806. Statistische Analyse und Fallbeispiele (Beiträge zur Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte, 129), Stuttgart 2017, Steiner, 395 S., € 62,00. (Iris Ritzmann, Zürich) Mühling, Christian, Die europäische Debatte über den Religionskrieg (1679 – 1714). Konfessionelle Memoria und internationale Politik im Zeitalter Ludwigs XIV. (Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für europäische Geschichte Mainz, 250), Göttingen 2018, Vandenhoeck &amp; Ruprecht, 587 S., € 85,00. (Cornel Zwierlein, Bamberg) Dietz, Bettina, Das System der Natur. Die kollaborative Wissenskultur der Botanik im 18. Jahrhundert, Köln / Weimar / Wien 2017, Böhlau, 216 S., € 35,00. (Flemming Schock, Leipzig) Friedrich, Markus / Alexander Schunka (Hrsg.), Reporting Christian Missions in the Eighteenth Century. Communication, Culture of Knowledge and Regular Publication in a Cross-Confessional Perspective (Jabloniana, 8), Wiesbaden 2017, Harrassowitz, 196 S., € 52,00. (Nadine Amsler, Frankfurt a. M.) Berkovich, Ilya, Motivation in War. The Experience of Common Soldiers in Old-Regime Europe, Cambridge / New York 2017, Cambridge University Press, XII u. 280 S. / graph. Darst., £ 22,99. (Marian Füssel, Göttingen) Stöckl, Alexandra, Der Principalkommissar. Formen und Bedeutung sozio-politischer Repräsentation im Hause Thurn und Taxis (Thurn und Taxis Studien. Neue Folge, 10), Regensburg 2018, Pustet, VII u. 280 S., € 34,95. (Dorothée Goetze, Bonn) Wunder, Dieter, Der Adel im Hessen des 18. Jahrhunderts – Herrenstand und Fürstendienst. Grundlagen einer Sozialgeschichte des Adels in Hessen (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Hessen, 84), Marburg 2016, Historische Kommission für Hessen, XIV u. 844 S. / Abb., € 39,00. (Alexander Kästner, Dresden) Mährle, Wolfgang (Hrsg.), Aufgeklärte Herrschaft im Konflikt. Herzog Carl Eugen von Württemberg 1728 – 1793. Tagung des Arbeitskreises für Landes- und Ortsgeschichte im Verband der württembergischen Geschichts- und Altertumsvereine am 4. und 5. Dezember 2014 im Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart (Geschichte Württembergs, 1), Stuttgart 2017, Kohlhammer, 354 S. / Abb., € 25,00. (Dietmar Schiersner, Weingarten) Bennett, Rachel E., Capital Punishment and the Criminal Corpse in Scotland, 1740 – 1834 (Palgrave Historical Studies in the Criminal Corpse and its Afterlife), Cham 2018, Palgrave Macmillan, XV u. 237 S., € 29,96. (Benjamin Seebröker, Dresden) York, Neil L., The American Revolution, 1760 – 1790. New Nation as New Empire, New York / London 2016, Routledge, XIII u. 151 S. / Karten, Hardcover, £ 125,00. (Volker Depkat, Regensburg) Richter, Roland, Amerikanische Revolution und niederländische Finanzanleihen 1776 – 1782. Die Rolle John Adams’ und der Amsterdamer Finanzhäuser bei der diplomatischen Anerkennung der USA (Niederlande-Studien, 57), Münster / New York 2016, Waxmann, 185 S. / Abb., € 29,90. (Volker Depkat, Regensburg) Steiner, Philip, Die Landstände in Steiermark, Kärnten und Krain und die josephinischen Reformen. Bedrohungskommunikation angesichts konkurrierender Ordnungsvorstellungen (1789 – 1792), Münster 2017, Aschendorff, 608 S. / Abb., € 59,00 (Simon Karstens, Trier)