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Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 30 stycznia 2023

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1

Alvey, Jim. Philosophical and value assumptions underlying Jevon's political economy. North Ryde, N.S.W: School of Economic and Financial Studies, Macquarie University, 1987.

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Kunin, Edward F. An inquiry into human nature and other basic assumptions. San Francisco: Mellen Research University Press, 1991.

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Petti, Matthew August. Alpha to Omega: Journey to the end of time : awaken to the inherited assumptions that shape our destiny. Brigantine, New Jersey: Two Sense Publications, 2012.

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Three theological mistakes: How to correct enlightenment assumptions about God, miracles, and free will. Eugene, Oregon: Cascade Books, 2015.

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Frost, Mervyn. Towards a normative theory of international relations: A critical analysis of the philosophical and methodological assumptions in the discipline with proposals towards a substantive normative theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.

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Towards a normative theory of international relations: A critical analysis of the philosophical and methodological assumptions in the discipline with proposals towards a substantive normative theory. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1986.

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The assumption of agency theory. London: Routledge, 2011.

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Walsh, Anthony. Criminological Theory: Assessing Philosophical Assumptions. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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Walsh, Anthony. Criminological Theory: Assessing Philosophical Assumptions. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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Walsh, Anthony. Criminological Theory: Assessing Philosophical Assumptions. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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Walsh, Anthony. Criminological Theory: Assessing Philosophical Assumptions. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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Walsh, Anthony. Criminological Theory: Assessing Philosophical Assumptions. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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Criminological Theory: Assessing Philosophical Assumptions. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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Balbian, Ulrich de. Philosophical Assumptions and Philosophies of Sciences : (Meta-Philosophy). Independently Published, 2019.

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Kinnear, Penny Sue. Setting assumptions aside: Exploring identity development in interracial/intercultural individuals growing up in Japan. 2001.

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Ho, Dien. Philosopher Goes to the Doctor: A Critical Look at Philosophical Assumptions in Medicine. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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Ho, Dien. Philosopher Goes to the Doctor: A Critical Look at Philosophical Assumptions in Medicine. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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Ho, Dien. Philosopher Goes to the Doctor: A Critical Look at Philosophical Assumptions in Medicine. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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Ho, Dien. Philosopher Goes to the Doctor: A Critical Look at Philosophical Assumptions in Medicine. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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Machuga, Ric. Three Theological Mistakes: How to Correct Enlightenment Assumptions about God, Miracles, and Free Will. Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2015.

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Machuga, Ric S. Three Theological Mistakes: How to Correct Enlightenment Assumptions about God, Miracles, and Free Will. Clarke Company, Limited, James, 2015.

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Machuga, Ric. Three Theological Mistakes: How to Correct Enlightenment Assumptions about God, Miracles, and Free Will. Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2015.

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Heath, Joseph. Philosophical Foundations of Climate Change Policy. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197567982.001.0001.

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Although the task of formulating an appropriate policy response to the problem of anthropogenic climate change is one that raises a number of very difficult normative issues, environmental ethicists have not played an influential role in government deliberations. This is primarily due to their rejection of many of the assumptions that structure the debates over policy. This book offers a philosophical defense of these assumptions in order to overcome the major conceptual barriers to the participation of philosophers in these debates. There are five important barriers: First, the policy debate presupposes a stance of liberal neutrality, as a result of which it does not privilege any particular set of environmental values over other concerns. Second, it assumes ongoing economic growth, along with a commitment to what is sometimes called a weak sustainability framework when analyzing the value of the bequest being made to future generations. Third, it treats climate change as fundamentally a collective action problem, not an issue of distributive justice. Fourth, there is the acceptance of cost-benefit analysis, or more precisely, the view that a carbon-pricing regime should be guided by our best estimate of the social cost of carbon. And finally, there is the view that when this calculation is undertaken, it is permissible to discount costs and benefits, depending on how far removed they are from the present. This book attempts to make explicit and defend these presuppositions, and in so doing offer philosophical foundations for the debate over climate change policy.
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Angner, Erik. Subjective Measures of Well‐Being: Philosophical Perspectives. Redaktorzy Don Ross i Harold Kincaid. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195189254.003.0021.

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The goal of this article is to explore some fundamental assumptions underlying subjective measures of well-being, as compared to more traditional economic measures. Its main thesis is that psychologists and economists have sharply different philosophical commitments, a fact that is seldom made explicit. Although it is perfectly reasonable for social and behavioral scientists to be wary of spending too much time thinking about the philosophical foundations of their enterprise, there are moments when it is eminently useful to do so. In this case, this article maintains, there is good reason to attend to these foundations, since they are directly relevant to the assessment of the various measures. A better grasp of fundamental commitments, this article argues, goes a long way toward explaining why psychologists' and economists' efforts to measure welfare or well-being are so different, and why there is relatively little fruitful communication and collaboration across fields.
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Frost, Mervyn. Towards a Normative Theory of International Relations: A Critical Analysis of the Philosophical and Methodological Assumptions in the Discipline with Proposals Towards a Substantive Normative Theory. Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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Frost, Mervyn. Towards a Normative Theory of International Relations: A Critical Analysis of the Philosophical and Methodological Assumptions in the Discipline with Proposals Towards a Substantive Normative Theory. Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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Das, Ramon. Humanitarian Intervention and Non-Ideal Theory. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812852.003.0005.

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This chapter argues that the philosophical debate around humanitarian intervention would be improved if it were less ‘ideal-theoretic’. It identifies two ideal-theoretic assumptions. One, in target states where humanitarian intervention is being considered, there are two distinct and easily identified groups: ‘bad guys’ committing serious human rights abuses, and innocent civilians against whom the abuses are being committed. Two, external to the target state in question, there are suitably qualified ‘good guys’—prospective interveners who possess both the requisite military power and moral integrity. If the assumptions hold, the prospects for successful humanitarian intervention are much greater. As a contrast, some possible non-ideal assumptions are that (i) there are many bad guys in a civil war, and (ii) the good guy intervener is itself supporting some of the bad guys. If these non-ideal assumptions hold, prospects for successful humanitarian intervention are small.
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Abraham, William J. Reviewing the Terrain. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786504.003.0005.

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In this chapter the author provides a retrospective glance on the material reviewed thus far, and suggests a deeper history of the debates about the nature of divine action among both theologians and philosophers is needed. The author demonstrates the complexity of the debates and the assumptions brought to the table, particularly those assumptions tacit in philosophical queries into the justification of religious belief. He suggests the contours of this particular debate colored the debate on divine action. Following I. M. Crombie, the author argues that theology proper can inform how one thinks about divine actions. Moreover, he argues that theologians and their proposals ought to be considered in the ongoing debate about divine action on their own terms, rather than to be thought secondary to explicitly analytic philosophical arguments and terms for debate.
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Westerhoff, Jan. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198732662.003.0001.

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This chapter provides an introduction to the history of Indian Buddhist philosophy set out in the following chapters. It gives an overview of the key factors that shaped the formation of Indian Buddhist thought (arguments, texts, and meditative practices). It also provides some account of the sources of our knowledge of Indian Buddhist philosophical debates (early Buddhist discourses and Mahāyāna sūtras, debates, commentaries, and doxographies) and discusses various methodological and historiographical problems that arise specifically in the context of writing a history of ancient Indian Buddhist philosophy. I discuss in particular the difficulties that the assumption of the objective existence of the past faces when combined with specific Buddhist assumptions about how the past (and therefore history more generally) should be construed.
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Robinson, Daniel N. The Insanity Defense as a History of Mental Disorder. Redaktorzy K. W. M. Fulford, Martin Davies, Richard G. T. Gipps, George Graham, John Z. Sadler, Giovanni Stanghellini i Tim Thornton. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579563.013.0003.

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Throughout its history, the insanity defense specifically and the more general concept of mental defect or incompetence have been grounded in the assumption that those people fit for the rule of law are able to give and to comprehend reasons for their actions. This chapter traces the evolution of perspectives on the nature of mental illness and the manner in which cultural and extra-scientific influences have shaped perspectives. These perspectives are most saliently expressed in statutory provisions and relevant case law summarized here and covering historical developments from ancient Greece and Rome to the present. Significant interactions between law and psychiatry are further highlighted and informed by core and controversial philosophical assumptions. Attention is given to differences between juridical and medical conceptions of responsibility.
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Rowett, Catherine. Conclusions and Further Tasks. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199693658.003.0013.

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The chapter starts by telling a narrative to explain how and why the author came to reject the mistaken assumptions with which the research began, and how these initial assumptions had assumed false dichotomies familiar from existing work in the field. The chapter thereby explains why the results presented in Chapters 1–12 might seem unexpected. It draws together the chief philosophical lessons of those chapters, highlighting the fact that Plato is right about (i) how conceptual knowledge differs from both propositional knowledge and recognition of tokens, (ii) the different sense of ‘being’ involved in knowing ‘what it is’, about a type, (iii) the value of images and icons in the philosophical method, and (iv) the irrelevance of Socratic definitions and other bogus criteria for knowledge. Finally, it sketches some possible ways in which a further volume might apply the results to other dialogues.
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Callicott, J. Baird, i James McRae, red. Japanese Environmental Philosophy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190456320.001.0001.

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Comparative environmental philosophy is valuable in many ways. Perhaps it is most valuable because it reveals some of the foundational assumptions that run so deep in the poles of comparison that they might otherwise have gone unnoticed. These revelations may invite us to challenge those assumptions that have led to the kind of thinking responsible for much of the environmental degradation that we see today. Japanese Environmental Philosophy gathers papers focused on the environmental problems of the twenty-first century. Drawing from Japanese philosophical traditions they investigate our relationships with other humans, nonhuman animals, and the environment. The heart of the book consists of chapters written by fifteen top scholars from Japan, the United States, Europe, and Australia. The essays cover a broad range of topics drawn from various strains of Japanese thought—including Zen Buddhism, Shintoism, the Kyoto school, and Japanese philosophy of art and aesthetics—as well as from traditional Japanese culture and the contemporary science of planning for natural disasters. These articles demonstrate that Japanese scientific, philosophical, religious, and cultural traditions can provide meaningful insight to address the current global environmental crisis.
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Strang, Veronica. Re-Imagined Communities. Redaktorzy Ken Conca i Erika Weinthal. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199335084.013.4.

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Focusing on water as a connective material flow, this chapter reconsiders notions of community, agency, and identity from the perspective of contemporary debates on ecological ethics and relationality. By articulating the fluid relationships between humans, nonhumans, and the material world, these debates critique dominant conceptual assumptions about Nature and Culture as separate domains. Such assumptions continue to underpin water policy and management, casting ecosystems—and their dependent species—as the subjects of human action, with generally poor outcomes for their well-being. The chapter draws on actor-network theory, philosophical ideas about ethics, and analyses of materiality to propose a re-imagined model of “community” that reintegrates the human and nonhuman, and opens up the potential for more reciprocal—and thus more sustainable—human‒environmental relationships. In doing so, it proposes a new kind of “participatory” framework for water policy development.
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Forbes-Pitt, Kate. Assumption of Agency Theory. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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Forbes-Pitt, Kate. Assumption of Agency Theory. Taylor & Francis Group, 2011.

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Forbes-Pitt, Kate. Assumption of Agency Theory. Taylor & Francis Group, 2011.

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Forbes-Pitt, Kate. Assumption of Agency Theory. Taylor & Francis Group, 2011.

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Forbes-Pitt, Kate. Assumption of Agency Theory. Taylor & Francis Group, 2011.

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Forbes-Pitt, Kate. Assumption of Agency Theory. Taylor & Francis Group, 2011.

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Forbes-Pitt, Kate. Assumption of Agency Theory. Taylor & Francis Group, 2011.

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Timothy, Endicott, i Oliver Peter. Part VI Constitutional Theory, C Key Debates in Constitutional Theory, Ch.44 The Role of Theory in Canadian Constitutional Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190664817.003.0044.

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Canadian constitutional law has been shaped by tacit assumptions about the philosophical foundations of the Constitution, and also by the articulate theorizing of judges, legal scholars, and legal practitioners. We discuss the assumptions behind the country’s choice in 1867 of a distinct form of federalism, a parliamentary form of government very different from American republicanism, and a role for judges (particularly in adjudicating the federal division of powers, and in their innovative reference jurisdiction) that judges had never had in the United Kingdom Constitution. The principles of parliamentary government and of federalism, while giving the Constitution a remarkably robust framework, developed in a changing context with the end of Imperial governance. We discuss those developments, and ways in which the judges’ role as theorists of the Constitution—enhanced by the Constitution Act, 1982—has burgeoned in that changing context, through their approach to the principles of the Constitution.
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Hytten, Kathy. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy of Education. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780190919726.001.0001.

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108 entries This edited collection provides a comprehensive, global, invitational, and accessible overview of contemporary issues in the field of philosophy of education. It includes a wide range topics, ideas, and diverse perspectives from around the world. Each chapter is an in-depth exploration of a philosophic topic or issue relevant to teaching, education, pedagogy, and/or schooling. Authors include well-known and emerging scholars who write in invitational ways to a non-specialist audience. Taken together, the chapter authors illuminate the kinds of questions that philosophers ask about education and schooling, and the tools and resources they bring to bear on these questions. They show the ways in which educational philosophers uncover fundamental assumptions, describe relationships among ideas, analyze concepts, unpack taken-for-granted claims, connect disparate viewpoints, identify the validity and consistency of claims, unsettle commonsense, propose hypothetical experiments, provide critical commentary on ideas, render givens as contingent, explore the interactions of ideas and experience, and offer alternative possibilities. The volume is organized into ten sections: philosophical traditions and explorations in education; non-Western, indigenous, and post/decolonial philosophies of education; race, gender, sexuality, and marginalized perspectives; globalization, democracy, and citizenship education; ethics, justice, morality, and character education; philosophical issues in research and educational practice; philosophical issues and controversies in K-12 education; philosophy of childhood, parenting, upbringing, and formation; philosophical issues in arts and aesthetics in education; and contemporary topics and issues in philosophy of education.
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Gover, K. E. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198768692.003.0001.

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Artworks are often understood to be an extension of their makers in a way that other kinds of artifacts are not. This is reflected in the legal protections given to artists as well as in our culture at large. But it is not clear what grounds this belief, or whether it is justified. Our basic assumptions about artistic authorship often go unexamined and unarticulated until challenged in a legal case or controversy. Hence, this chapter uses real-world cases as a lens through which we can better understand the nature of artistic authority. This work also makes a unique contribution to philosophical aesthetics by using real-world cases to better understand some of its key theoretical debates, just as it employs the tools of philosophical aesthetics to illuminate the cases it discusses.
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Gutting, Gary. Philosophical Progress. Redaktorzy Herman Cappelen, Tamar Szabó Gendler i John Hawthorne. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199668779.013.2.

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This article begins by reflecting on the Cartesian project of beginning with a skeptically unassailable first truth and from there progressively building up a system of philosophical truths. It then presents a less problematic but similar project associated with contemporary analytic philosophy, noting, however, that it too fails to yield progress in answering the fundamental questions of philosophy. Next, the author examines the idea that philosophy might nonetheless progress in the manner of empirical science, never answering its fundamental questions but generating important intermediary results. Then, giving up the assumption that we need philosophy to ground our pre-philosophical convictions (“philosophical foundationalism”), the author proposes an alternative view of philosophy as providing rigorous theoretical formulations of general pictures, and on this basis, discusses philosophical disagreement, the role of intuitions in philosophy, philosophical knowledge, and the interaction of science and philosophy. Finally, the author presents his conclusions about philosophical progress.
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van der Vossen, Bas, i Jason Brennan. Philosophers’ Objections to Free Trade. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190462956.003.0006.

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The chapter discusses an important set of philosophical objections to the case for free trade established in the previous chapter. These objections aim to justify restrictions on trade, focusing on issues about exploitation, sweatshops, a Rawlsian idea about trade as cooperative practice, and equitable exchange. These arguments are all shown to fail at defeating the case for free trade. Some of the proposed alternatives would end up harming poor people; others invoke mistaken moral assumptions or have implausible implications. The chapter ends by reflecting on what might be owed to people who experience losses as a result of undoing protectionism.
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46

Johnson, Aaron P. Early Christianity and the Classical Tradition. Redaktorzy Daniel S. Richter i William A. Johnson. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199837472.013.43.

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Although frequently treated as a separate phenomenon in the Roman Mediterranean, the literary work produced by Christian intellectuals (especially Justin Martyr, Athenagoras, Tatian, and Theophilus) in the first centuries of our era is best appreciated within the literary, philosophical, and performative contexts of the Second Sophistic. Their adoption of a stance of free speech toward those in power was formulated as an extension of philosophical modes of self-presentation. Furthermore, the Christian explorations of middle Platonist notions of the Demiurge’s possession or use of logos coalesced with their impulse to quote and further proliferate logoi as part of Christian intellectual and textual culture. Of great importance was likewise the concern of many Christian apologists to combat the Hellenocentric assumptions of their day and to begin producing world chronological investigations that sought to remove the Greek identity from its position of cultural superiority.
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Phillips, Gary A. The Commanding Faces of Biblical Stories. Redaktor Danna Nolan Fewell. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199967728.013.51.

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This chapter describes a variety of self-identified ethical-critical readings of biblical narrative. The essay situates narrative ethics in relation to the “turn to ethics” traversing literary, philosophical, and biblical studies. Narrative ethics is seen as a multidisciplinary critical and creative response to contested assumptions about the nature of self, society, and ethical responsibility and the urgent need to assess the ethical impact biblical narratives and their readings have on readers. Biblical readings are discussed in terms of their philosophical, ethical, and rhetorical influences, in particular the Aristotelian virtue ethics and phenomenological/hermeneutical traditions. The contributions of Wayne Booth, Paul Ricoeur, and Emmanuel Levinas’s are traced. The chapter concludes with a narrative-ethical reading of Luke 10:38–42 using Levinas’s notions of the “face” and “excessive responsibility” to demonstrate ethical engagement with a problematic text and its commentators.
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Samuels, Richard, Eric Margolis i Stephen P. Stich. Introduction: Philosophy and Cognitive Science. Redaktorzy Eric Margolis, Richard Samuels i Stephen P. Stich. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195309799.013.0001.

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This chapter offers a high-level overview of the philosophy of cognitive science and an introduction toThe Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Cognitive Science. The philosophy of cognitive science emerged out of a set of common and overlapping interests among philosophers and scientists who study the mind. We identify five categories of issues that illustrate the best work in this broad field: (1) traditional philosophical issues about the mind that have been invigorated by research in cognitive science, (2) issues regarding the practice of cognitive science and its foundational assumptions, (3) issues regarding the explication and clarification of core concepts in cognitive science, (4) first-order empirical issues where philosophers participate in the interdisciplinary investigation of particular psychological phenomena, (5) traditional philosophical issues that aren’t about the mind but that can be informed by a better understanding of how the mind works.
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Florio, Salvatore, i Øystein Linnebo. The Many and the One. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791522.001.0001.

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Plural logic has become a well-established subject, especially in philosophical logic. This book explores its broader significance for philosophy, logic, and linguistics. What can plural logic do for us? Are the bold claims made on its behalf correct? After introducing plural logic and its main applications, the book provides a systematic analysis of the relation between this logic and other theoretical frameworks such as set theory, mereology, higher-order logic, and modal logic. The applications of plural logic rely on two assumptions, namely that this logic is ontologically innocent and has great expressive power. These assumptions are shown to be problematic. The result is a more nuanced picture of plural logic’s applications than has been given so far. Questions about the correct logic of plurals play a central role in the last part of the book, where traditional plural logic is rejected in favor of a “critical” alternative. The most striking feature of this alternative is that there is no universal plurality. This leads to a novel approach to the relation between the many and the one. In particular, critical plural logic paves the way for an account of sets capable of solving the set-theoretic paradoxes.
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Baz, Avner. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801887.003.0001.

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There is little question that experimental philosophy constitutes one of the most significant developments in analytic philosophy in the last couple of decades. What is less clear is what its philosophical significance is, or has been. Whereas its proponents tend to present it as a way of moving forward in philosophy, I would argue that its singular contribution thus far has been that of pressing analytic philosophers to reflect on their favored method of inquiry, thereby helping to bring out fundamental problems with that method. More specifically, the present book argues that the new experimental movement and the responses to it by traditional, “armchair” philosophers have helped to make clear that what is known in contemporary analytic philosophy as “the method of cases”—that is, the widespread philosophical practice of theorizing on the basis of the “application” of terms to “cases”—rests on substantive and challengeable assumptions about language.
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