Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Philadelphia Conference (1926)”

Abstract Background: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) incidence has risen with increasing use of screening mammography. It is unclear who benefits from both the amount and type of adjuvant treatment (radiation therapy, (RT), endocrine therapy (ET)) versus what constitutes over-treatment. Our goal was to identify the effects of adjuvant RT, or ET+/- RT versus breast conservation surgery (BCS) alone in a large multi-center DCIS registry of retrospective patients with long follow up. Methods: Data was extracted on women with a primary diagnosis of DCIS (N=2979) between 1985 - 2017 treated in 2 University of California (UC) medical centers. ET treatment and duration was confirmed by chart review for 1916 patients for this analysis. Receipt of ET (N=404) was stratified to > 2 years or < 2 years. Association between treatment type and second events was assessed using Cox regression. Competing risks models were used to assess effect of treatment type on different type of second events (ipsilateral DCIS or invasive, or contralateral combined). Time-varying coefficients were used as appropriate. Results: Median follow up time was 8.2 years for the 1916 patients analyzed. The cumulative second event (any type) rate was 25% at 15 years. In univariate and multivariate analysis adjusting for clinical variables, all treatments reduced the risk of second events compared to BCS only. Further stratifying ET receipt by duration demonstrated significant risk reduction (HR=0.12, P=0.04) only in women taking >2 years of ET, but not in women in the <2year ET group (HR=1.3, P=0.55). In the competing risk model, RT significantly reduces the risk of both ipsilateral DCIS and invasive cancer, and ET > 2 years significantly reduces the risk of ipsilateral invasive cancer. Conclusions: In our registry we show that women with DCIS who took less than 2 years of adjuvant endocrine therapy have a similar second event rate as BCS. In contrast, women who took more than 2 years of ET show a significantly reduced second event rate, similar to those who received either RT or combined ET+RT, which was independent of age, tumor size, grade, or period of diagnosis. This highlights the importance of ET duration for risk reduction of second events following surgery for newly diagnosed DCIS. Citation Format: Thomas O'Keefe, Christina Yau, Emma Iaconetti, Eliza Jeong, Case Brabham, Paul Kim, Joseph McGuire, Ann Griffin, Laura Esserman, Olivier Harismendy, Gillian Hirst. Duration of endocrine treatment for DCIS impacts second events: Insights from a large registry of cases at two academic medical centers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Rethinking DCIS: An Opportunity for Prevention?; 2022 Sep 8-11; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2022;15(12 Suppl_1): Abstract nr PR008.

Abstract Background/Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., minority status, geographic location), psychosocial risk, and medication adherence in pediatric cancer. Methods: This study included 40 pediatric oncology patients ages 2-19 years (Mage=11.6±5.6 years) in active treatment. 52.5% identified as non-Hispanic White, 32.5% identified as non-Hispanic minority, and 15% identified as Hispanic. Parents completed the Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT) at baseline assessing psychosocial risk factors. Patients used objective adherence monitors (MEMS) , which recorded daily adherence rates to chemotherapy and non-chemotherapy medications across one year. Results: The PAT identified that 55% of patients needed universal intervention and 45% needed targeted clinical interventions. Patients identified as lowest psychosocial risk (i.e., needing universal interventions), had significantly higher adherence rates (M=74%±22%) than those identified as highest psychosocial risk (i.e., needing targeted interventions; M=51%±37%; p < 0.004). While non-minoritized White patients demonstrated higher rates of treatment adherence (M=71%±32%) compared to minoritized patients (M=56%±31%); this finding was not significant. Additionally, there was no significant difference between geographic distance from hospital and medication adherence. In fact, those who lived closer to the hospital had lower adherence rates (M=62%±31%) compared to those who lived further away (M=67%±34%). There also was no significant difference between distance from hospital and psychosocial risk. Patients identified as greatest psychosocial risk (i.e., in need of targeted interventions) only lived 3 miles further from the hospital (M=27.1±26.6 miles) than those in need of preventative interventions (M=24.2±19.6 miles). Conclusions & Implications: The geographic location of pediatric oncology patients in relation to the hospital at which they received treatment did not significantly impact treatment adherence to chemotherapy and non-chemotherapy medications. Furthermore, minority status did not significantly affect treatment adherence rates. On the other hand, treatment adherence was significantly lower for patients whose parents reported more psychosocial stressors. Future research should identify innovative health promotion interventions targeting psychosocial risk, which seems to have the greatest influence on health behaviors like medication adherence. Citation Format: Randall S. Smith, Andrea Jewell, Evrosina Isaac, Jennifer M. Rohan. Relationship between medication adherence, psychosocial risk, and sociodemographic characteristics in pediatric cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B090.

The study of indirect translations (IT) into Ukrainian, viewed from a psycholinguistic perspective, will contribute to a better understanding of Soviet national policies and the post-Soviet linguistic and cultural condition. The paper pioneers a discussion of the strategies and types of IT via Russian in the domains of literature and religion. In many cases the corresponding Russian translation, which serves as a source text for the Ukrainian one, cannot be established with confidence, and the “sticking-out ears” of Russian mediation may only be monitored at the level of sentence structure, when Russian wording underlies the Ukrainian text and distorts its natural fluency. The discussion substantiates the strategies and singles out the types of IT, in particular, (1) Soviet lower-quality retranslations of the recent, and mostly high-quality, translations of literary classics, which deliberately imitated lexical, grammatical, and stylistic patterns of the Russian language (became massive in scope in the mid1930s); (2) the translation-from-crib type, or translations via the Russian interlinear version, which have been especially common in poetry after WWII, from the languages of the USSR nationalities and the socialist camp countries; (3) overt relayed translations, based on the published and intended for the audience Russian translations that can be clearly defined as the source texts for the IT into Ukrainian; this phenomenon may be best illustrated with Patriarch Filaret Version of the Holy Scripture, translated from the Russian Synodal Bible (the translation started in the early 1970s); and, finally, (4) later Soviet (from the mid1950s) and post-Soviet (during Independence period) hidden relayed translations of literary works, which have been declared as direct ones but in fact appeared in print shortly after the publication of the respective works in Russian translation and mirrored Russian lexical and stylistic patterns. References Белецкий, А. Переводная литература на Украине // Красное слово. 1929. № 2. С. 87-96. Цит за вид.: Кальниченко О. А., Полякова Ю. Ю. Українська перекладознавча думка 1920-х – початку 1930-х років: Хрестоматія вибраних праць з перекладознавства до курсу «Історія перекладу» / Укладачі Леонід Чернований і Вячеслав Карабан. Вінниця: Нова Книга, 2011. С. 376-391. Бурґгардт, Осв. Большевицька спадщина // Вістник. 1939. № 1, Кн. 2. С. 94-99. Dollerup, C. (2014). Relay in Translation. Cross-linguistic Interaction: Translation, Contrastive and Cognitive Studies. Liber Amicorum in Honour of Prof. Bistra Alexieva published on the occasion of her eightieth birthday, Diana Yankova, (Ed.). (pp. 21-32). St. Kliminent Ohridski University Press. Retrieved from https://cms13659.hstatic.dk/upload_dir/docs/Publications/232-Relay-in-translation-(1).pdf Dong, Xi (2012). A Probe into Translation Strategies from Relevance Perspective—Direct Translation and Indirect Translation. Canadian Social Science, 8(6), 39-44. Retrieved from http://www.cscanada.org/index.php/css/article/viewFile/j.css.1923669720120806.9252/3281 Дзера, О.. Історія українських перекладів Святого Письма // Іноземна філологія. 2014. Вип. 127, Ч. 2. С. 214–222. Філарет, Патріарх Київський та всієї Руси-України, Василь Шкляр, Микола Вересень, В’ячеслав Кириленко. Розмова В’ячеслава Кириленка із Патріархом Київським та всієї Руси-України Філаретом. Віра. У кн.: Три розмови про Україну. Упорядник та радактор В. Кириленко. Х.: Книжковий Клуб «Клуб Сімейного Дозвілля», 2018. С. 9-92. Flynn, P. (2013). Author and Translator. In Yves Gambier, Luc van Doorslaer (Eds.), Handbook of Translation Studies, 4, (pp. 12-19). Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Gutt, E.-A. (1990). A theoretical account of translation – without a translation theory. Retrieved from http://cogprints.org/2597/1/THEORACC.htm Коломієць Л. В. Український художній переклад та перекладачі 1920-30-х років: матеріали до курсу «Історія перекладу». Вінниця: «Нова книга», 2015. Іларіон, митр. Біблія – найперше джерело для вивчення своєї літературної мови / Митр. Іларіон // Віра і культура. 1958. Ч. 6 (66). С. 13–17. Іларіон, митр. Біблія, або Книги Святого Письма Старого и Нового Заповіту. Із мови давньоєврейської й грецької на українську дослівно наново перекладена. United Bible Societies, 1962. Jinyu L. (2012). Habitus of Translators as Socialized Individuals: Bourdieu’s Account. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 2(6), 1168-1173. Leighton, L. (1991). Two Worlds, One Art. Literary Translation in Russia and America. DeKalb, Ill.: Northwestern Illinois UP. Лукаш М. Прогресивна західноєвропейська література в перекладах на українську мову // Протей [редкол. О. Кальниченко (голова) та ін.]. Вип. 2. X.: Вид-во НУА, 2009. С. 560–605. Майфет, Г. [Рецензія] // Червоний шлях. 1930. № 2. С. 252-258. Рец. на кн.: Боккаччо Дж. Декамерон / пер. Л. Пахаревського та П. Майорського; ред. С. Родзевича та П. Мохора; вступ. ст. В. Державіна. [Харків]; ДВУ, 1929. Ч. 1. XXXI, 408 с.; Ч. 2. Цит за вид.: Кальниченко О. А., Полякова Ю. Ю. Українська перекладознавча думка 1920-х – початку 1930-х років: Хрестоматія вибраних праць з перекладознавства до курсу «Історія перекладу» / Укладачі Леонід Чернований і Вячеслав Карабан. Вінниця: Нова Книга, 2011. С. 344-356. Munday, J. (2010). Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications. 2nd Ed. London & New York: Routledge. Pauly, M. D. (2014). Breaking the Tongue: Language, Education, and Power in Soviet Ukraine. Toronto Buffalo London: University of Toronto Press. Pieta, H. & Rosa, A. A. (2013). Panel 7: Indirect translation: exploratory panel on the state-of-the-art and future research avenues. 7th EST Congress – Germersheim, 29 August – 1 September 2013. Retrieved from http://www.fb06.uni-mainz.de/est/51.php Плющ, Б. O. Прямий та неопрямий переклад української художньої прози англійською, німецькою, іспанською та російською мовами. Дис. …канд. філол. наук., Київ: КНУ імені Тараса Шевченка, 2016. Ringmar, M. (2012). Relay translation. In Yves Gambier, Luc van Doorslaer (Eds.), Handbook of Translation Studies, 4 (pp. 141-144). Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Simeoni, D. (1998). The pivotal status of the translator’s habitus. Target, 10(1), 1-39. Солодовнікова, М. І. Відтворення стилістичних особливостей роману Марка Твена «Пригоди Тома Сойера» в українських перекладах: квантитативний аспект // Перспективи розвитку філологічних наук: Матеріали ІІІ Міжнародної науково-практичної конференції (Хмельницький, 24-25 березня). Херсон: вид-во «Гельветика», 2017. С. 99-103. Sommer, D, ed. (2006). Cultural Agency in the Americas. [Synopsis]. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. Špirk, J. (2014). Censorship, Indirect Translations and Non-translation: The (Fateful) Adventures of Czech Literature in 20th-century Portugal. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Venuti, L. (2001). Strategies of Translation. In M. Baker (ed.). Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, (pp. 240-244). London & New York: Routledge. References (translated and transliterated) Beletskii, A. (1929). Perevodnaia literatura na Ukraine [Translated literature in Ukraine]. Krasnoe Slovo [Red Word], 2, 87-96. Reprint in: Kalnychenko, O. A. and Poliakova, Yu. (2011). In Leonid Chernovatyi and Viacheslav Karaban (Eds.). Ukraiins’ka perekladoznavcha dumka 1920-kh – pochatku 1930-kh rokiv: Khrestomatiia vybranykh prats z perekladosnavstva do kursu “Istoriia perekladu” [Ukrainian translation studies of the 1920s – early 1930s: A textbook of selected works in translation studies for a course on the “History of Translation”]. (pp. 376-391). Vinnytsia: Nova Knyha, Burghardt, O. (1939). Bolshevytska spadschyna [The Bolsheviks’ heritage]. Vistnyk [The Herald], Vol. 1, Book 2, 94-99. Dollerup, C. (2014). Relay in Translation. Cross-linguistic Interaction: Translation, Contrastive and Cognitive Studies. Liber Amicorum in Honour of Prof. Bistra Alexieva published on the occasion of her eightieth birthday, Diana Yankova, (Ed.). (pp. 21-32). St. Kliminent Ohridski University Press. Retrieved from https://cms13659.hstatic.dk/upload_dir/docs/Publications/232-Relay-in-translation-(1).pdf Dong, Xi (2012). A Probe into Translation Strategies from Relevance Perspective—Direct Translation and Indirect Translation. Canadian Social Science, 8(6), 39-44. Retrieved from http://www.cscanada.org/index.php/css/article/viewFile/j.css.1923669720120806.9252/3281 Dzera, O. (2014). Istoriia ukraiinskykh perekladiv Sviatoho Pysma [History of Ukrainian translations of the Holy Scripture]. Inozemna Filologiia, 127, Part 2, 214-222. Filaret, Patriarch of Kyiv and all Rus-Ukraine et al. (2018). Rozmova Viacheslava Kyrylenka iz Patriarkhom Kyivskym ta vsiiei Rusy-Ukrainy Filaretom. Vira [A Conversation of Viacheslav Kyrylenko with Patriarch of Kyiv and all Rus-Ukraine Filaret. Faith]. In: Try rozmovy pro Ukrainu [Three Conversations about Ukraine], compiled and edited by V. Kyrylenko. Kharkiv: Family Leisure Club, 9-92. Flynn, P. (2013). Author and Translator. In Yves Gambier, Luc van Doorslaer (Eds.), Handbook of Translation Studies, 4, (pp. 12-19). Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Gutt, E.-A. (1990). A theoretical account of translation – without a translation theory. Retrieved from http://cogprints.org/2597/1/THEORACC.htm Kolomiyets, L. (2015). Ukraiinskyi khudozhniy pereklad ta perekladachi 1920-30-kh rokiv: Materialy do kursu “Istoriia perekladu” [Ukrainian Literary Translation and Translators in the 1920s-30s: “History of translation” course materials]. Vinnytsia: Nova Knyha. Ilarion, Metropolitan (1958). Bibliia – naipershe dzherelo dlia vyvchennia svoiei literaturnoi movy [The Bible is the first source for studying our literary language]. Vira i kultura [Faith and Culture], No. 6 (66), 13–17. Ilarion, Metropolitan. 1962. Bibliia abo Knyhy Sviatoho Pusma Staroho i Novoho Zapovitu. Iz movy davnioievreiskoi i hretskoi na ukrainsku doslivno nanovo perekladena. Commissioned by United Bible Societies. Jinyu L. (2012). Habitus of Translators as Socialized Individuals: Bourdieu’s Account. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 2(6), 1168-1173. Leighton, L. (1991). Two Worlds, One Art. Literary Translation in Russia and America. DeKalb, Ill.: Northwestern Illinois UP. Lukash, M. (2009). Prohresyvna zakhidnoievropeiska literatura v perekladakh na ukraiinsku movu [Progressive West European Literature in Ukrainian]. Protei. Vol. 2. Edited by O. Kalnychenko. Kharkiv: Vydavnytstvo NUA, 560-605. Maifet, H. (1930). [Review]. Chervonyi Shliakh [Red Path], 2, 252-258. Review of the book: Boccaccio G. Decameron. Tr. by L. Pakharevskyi and P. Maiorskyi; S. Rodzevych and P. Mokhor (Eds.).; introduction by V. Derzhavyn. Kharkiv: DVU, 1929. Part 1. XXXI; Part 2. Reprint in: Kalnychenko, O. and Poliakova, Yu. (2011). In Leonid Chernovatyi and Viacheslav Karaban (Eds). Ukraiins’ka perekladoznavcha dumka 1920-kh – pochatku 1930-kh rokiv: Khrestomatiia vybranykh prats z perekladosnavstva do kursu “Istoriia perekladu” [Ukrainian translation studies of the 1920s – early 1930s: A textbook of selected works in translation studies for a course on the “History of Translation”]. (pp. 344-356). Vinnytsia: Nova Knyha. Munday, J. (2010). Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and applications. 2nd Ed. London & New York: Routledge. Pauly, M. D. (2014). Breaking the Tongue: Language, Education, and Power in Soviet Ukraine. Toronto Buffalo London: University of Toronto Press. Pieta, H. & Rosa, A. A. (2013). Panel 7: Indirect translation: exploratory panel on the state-of-the-art and future research avenues. 7th EST Congress – Germersheim, 29 August – 1 September 2013. Retrieved from http://www.fb06.uni-mainz.de/est/51.php Pliushch, B. (2016). Direct and Indirect Translations of Ukrainian Literary Prose into English, German, Spanish and Russian. PhD thesis. Manuscript copyright. Kyiv: Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Ringmar, M. (2012). Relay translation. In Yves Gambier, Luc van Doorslaer (Eds.), Handbook of Translation Studies, 4 (pp. 141-144). Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Simeoni, D. (1998). The pivotal status of the translator’s habitus. Target, 10(1), 1-39. Solodovnikova. M. I. (2017) Vidtvorennia stylistychnykh osoblyvostei romanu Marka Tvena “Pryhody Toma Soiera” v ukrainskykh perekladakh: kvantytatyvnyi aspekt. Perspektyvy rozvytku filolohichnykh nauk: Book of abstracts of III International Scientific Conference (Khmelnytskyi, 24-25 March). Kherson: Helvetyka Publishing House. (99-103). Sommer, D., Ed. (2006). Cultural Agency in the Americas. [Synopsis]. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. Špirk, J. (2014). Censorship, Indirect Translations and Non-translation: The (Fateful) Adventures of Czech Literature in 20th-century Portugal. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Venuti, L. (2001). Strategies of Translation. In Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, (pp. 240-244). M. Baker (ed.). London & New York: Routledge.

Abstract Purpose of the Study Disparities in health outcomes among cancer survivors are often driven by differences in social-ecological resources. Poor health outcomes and multiple chronic conditions often manifest as a result of shared demographic and social risk factors. The aim of this study was to examine the social drivers that predict adverse health outcomes among cancer survivors. Methods Data from the national longitudinal Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study was used to examine social drivers of several adverse health outcomes: tobacco use, sleep trouble, high cholesterol, diabetes, and high blood pressure among cancer survivors enrolled in the first cohort (waves 1-3; n=1924). Social drivers included education, financial stress, poverty level, insurance status, and satisfaction with social relationships. Survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression was used to assess demographic and social drivers that predicted health outcomes among cancer survivors. Results Among the 1,924 cancer survivors, most were non-Hispanic, White (77%); 56% female; ages ranged from 18-34 (14%), 35-54 (27%), 55-64 (24%), 65+ (34%). Higher tobacco use was linked (p’s<0.05) to both demographic (males, younger) and social drivers (lower education, poverty, lack of insurance and social dissatisfaction). Trouble sleeping was associated with social drivers including financial stress (p<.001) and social dissatisfaction (p<.0001). High cholesterol was significantly associated with demographics (older age) and social drivers including lower education, access to insurance, and social dissatisfaction (p’s<.05). High blood sugar was significantly associated with demographics (older age, NH Black) and social drivers (lower education and social dissatisfaction (p’s<.05). High blood pressure was significantly associated with demographic (older age, male, NH Black) and social drivers including lower education college (p<.05) and financial stress (p<.05). Conclusions Increased recognition of the critical role of social drivers on health outcomes suggests effective interventions that are sensitive to cancer survivors’ social-ecological contexts are needed to improve health equity and reduce cancer health disparities. Citation Format: Victoria M. Telles, Mateo Banegas, David Strong. Social drivers of adverse health outcomes among cancer survivors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B131.

Abstract Purpose: Black adults have the highest colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality rates of any racial group in America. Early detection through CRC screening may improve survival outcomes; however, CRC screening uptake is lower for Black adults than White adults. To uncover opportunities to address these inequities, we examine where Black adults prefer to obtain cancer information, where they most recently sought such information, and whether either was associated with CRC screening behavior. Methods: Participants were a convenience sample of Black men and women recruited from 3 churches in Houston, Texas. Self-reported data included preferred source of cancer information (doctor or health care provider (collectively, “providers”), cancer organization, social network, internet, or “other media” (i.e., books, brochures, pamphlets, the library, magazines, newspapers)), most recent source of cancer information (same categories as preferred), and having ever been screened for CRC. A logistic regression model controlling for recruitment site, sociodemographic variables (e.g., sex, education), personal and family history of cancer, worries and perceptions about cancer risk, and satisfaction with patient-provider communication examined associations between preferred and most recent source of cancer information, respectively, and CRC screening behavior. Results: The sample included 751 Black adults aged >50 (Mage=59.1+6.6, 24% male), with data collected before the pandemic. Overall, 57.9% of respondents indicated their preferred source of cancer information was a provider, 19.6% the internet, 11.5% other media, 10% a cancer organization, and 1.1% their social network. Overall, 21% indicated their most recent source of cancer information was a provider, 57.3% the internet, 13.5% other media, 4.7% a cancer organization, and 3.6% their social network. About 83.6% of participants had ever been screened for CRC. Results indicated that those who most recently sought information from other media had lower odds of having ever been screened for CRC than those who most recently sought information from a provider (aOR: 0.489, CI95%: 0.245-0.976). There were no significant associations between preferred source of cancer information and CRC screening behavior. Conclusion: These results reveal an opportunity to encourage Black church-goers to obtain cancer information from providers rather than from other media as a method to enhance CRC screening use. Encouragement to seek this information directly from a provider could, for example, come from health ministries, church newsletter or email communications, the church’s website, and/or the pulpit. These results also reveal an opportunity to investigate what modifiable social determinants or other factors prevent Black church-goers from seeking cancer screening information from their provider as opposed to other media, especially considering most of the sample preferred to get this information from a provider, as one part of a multi-pronged approach to help mitigate racial inequities in CRC screening behavior. Citation Format: Brian J. Carter, Tzuan A. Chen, Dalnim Cho, Lorna H. McNeill, Shahnjayla K. Connors, Lorraine R. Reitzel. Black church-goers who most recently sought cancer information from certain sources are less likely to have ever undergone colorectal cancer screening and thus less likely to benefit from early detection [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A099.

Abstract Background: Racial and ethnic minority populations are consistently under-represented in oncology clinical trials despite comprising a disproportionate share of cancer burden. Due in part to difficulties associated with participation, phase 1 (P1) oncology trials pose a unique challenge and opportunity for minority inclusion. Here we examine the sociodemographics of P1 cancer clinical trial patients at an NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center compared to all patients treated at the center, patients with new cancer diagnoses in metropolitan Atlanta (ATL), and the state of Georgia (GA). Methods: Patients enrolled on P1 trials at the Winship Cancer Institute (WCI) from 2015- 2020, identified from a data warehouse, were compared to new patient registrations at WCI from 2015-2020. Patients with cancer in metro ATL and GA were identified from the SEER Nov 2018 Submission. Covariates for the P1 and WCI institutional cohorts included sex, race, insurance, zip code. Covariates for SEER patients included sex and race. Median income by zip code per Census 2020 data was divided in quartiles per Census 2020 GA income distribution. Summary statistics are reported for categorical variables using frequencies and percentages. Comparisons between groups were conducted using one-sample proportion tests. Trends were assessed using the Cochran-Armitage test. Results: From 2015-2020, 2325 patients (43.4% F, 56.6% M) signed consent for P1 trials. Grouped race distribution was 70.3% White, 26.2% Black, 3.5% Other. Insurance distribution was 42.9% private, 48% government, 9.1% uninsured/other. Of new patient registrations at WCI from 2015-2020 (N=107497) (50.0% F, 50.0% M), grouped race distribution was 63.3% W, 32.0% B, 4.7% O. ATL 2015 SEER patients (N=31101) (50.3%F, 49.7%M) showed grouped race distribution 58.4% W, 37.2% B, 4.3% O. GA 2015 SEER patients (N=99487) (48.6%F, 51.4%M) showed grouped race distribution 71.2% W, 26.7% B, 2.1% O. Race and sex distribution of P1 patients was significantly different than WCI and ATL SEER patients (p< 0.001). Comparing the P1 and WCI groups from 2015-2020, percent female did not change over time in either group (p=0.54 P1; p=0.063 WCI). Percentage of white patients did decrease over time in both groups (p=0.009 P1; p<0.001 WCI). Percent of P1 patients with private insurance was higher than the WCI group (p<0.001). Percent of P1 and WCI patients living in zip codes with lower median household income (Q1 & Q2) were 19.6% and 20.4%, respectively (p=0.41). Conclusions: Although P1 patients at WCI were more likely to be white, male, and privately insured, from 2015-2020, the percentage of white patients in P1 oncology clinical trials and amongst all new cancer patients treated at WCI decreased significantly. This data serves to initially characterize the existing racial disparities in oncology clinical trials in metro ATL and GA, and will lead to further understanding to ultimately improve representation of patients from racial and ethnic minority backgrounds in P1 clinical trials in our catchment area. Citation Format: Chloe S. Lalonde, Jeffrey M. Switchenko, Madhusmita Behera, Mehmet A. Bilen, Taofeek K. Owonikoko, Colleen M. Lewis, Elise Hitron, Hannah Collins, Tracy B. Goodale, Emma C. Judson, Ludimila Cavalcante, R. Donald Harvey, Jennifer W. Carlisle. Shifting sociodemographic characteristics of a phase 1 oncology clinical trial population at an NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center in the Southeast in comparison to its catchment area [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B085.

Abstract Title: Insights into the Impact of Fanconi Anemia Repair Genes on Immunotherapy Response in Solid Tumors Background: Fanconi anemia repair (FAR) genes have crucial involvement in determining immunogenicity of solid tumors due to their substantial involvement in DNA damage repair (DDR). Previous work has alluded to the significance of DDR pathways such as mismatch repair and homologous recombination genes in treatment guidance. Herein, we study the potential impact of FAR genes mutations on immunotherapy parameters in solid tumors. Methods: We used the MSK immunotherapy and Tumor Mutational Burden (TMB) dataset was used in our analysis, which includes mutational and clinical data for 1661 patients on immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD-1/L1, anti-CTLA-4, or combinational therapy) from ten cancer types (bladder, breast, colorectal, esophagogastric, glioma, head and neck, melanoma, non- small cell lung, renal cell, and unknown primary cancer). All clinical ang genomic data was retrieved through the cBioPortal database. Patients were categorized into the FAR mutated group if they harbored a mutation in at least one of the FAR genes (FANCA, FANCC, BRCA2, BRIP1, PALB2, RAD51C, SLX4) included in the MSK-IMPACT targeted next-generation sequencing panel. The log rank test and the Wilcoxon test, Chi-squared test were used to compare overall survival (OS), continuous and categorical data between FAR mutated and wildtype groups. Results: The MSK TMB cohort included 220 (13%) patients with FAR mutations, of which melanoma comprised the highest percentage (26.4%) followed by non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC; 19.6%). The most common altered FAR gene was BRCA2 (6%), followed by SLX4 (5%), while the least altered gene was RAD51C (0.7%). FAR mutated patients had significantly higher OS compared to the wildtype group (median OS (mOS): 29 vs 17 months, log rank p < 0.001). Among melanoma patients (n = 320), there was no significant difference in OS between the mutated and FAR groups, whereas the NSCLC (n = 350) and colorectal cancer (CRC, n = 110) subgroups had significantly higher OS in the FAR mutated groups (NSCLC - mOS: 19 vs 10 months, p = 0.0256, CRC – mOS: not reached vs 13 months, p &l; 0.001). TMB was significantly higher in the FAR mutated group (median TMB: 22.3 vs 5.2, p < 0.001). Notably, the most frequent co-mutations in the FAR mutated group included CTLA4, STK19, E2F3, CD276, MYCL. Conclusion: Our analysis highlights the potential role of FAR genes mutations in predisposing solid tumor patients to ICI benefit, specifically in NSCLC and CRC patients. Insights into the potential interactions between FAR genes and other DDR pathways as well as their impact on tumor immune microenvironment parameters are needed in future research to understand the drivers of ICI benefit in this subset of patients. Citation Format: Ahmed M. Ashour, Amro M. Al-Omari, Mohammad S. Bani Amer, Zaid R. Kamal. Insights into the Impact of Fanconi Anemia Repair Genes on Immunotherapy Response in Solid Tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: DNA Damage Repair: From Basic Science to Future Clinical Application; 2024 Jan 9-11; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A010.

Abstract Introduction: Repotrectinib, a next-generation ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has demonstrated durable activity and manageable safety in patients (pts) with locally advanced/metastatic ROS1+ NSCLC in the pivotal phase 1/2 TRIDENT-1 trial (NCT03093116). We report efficacy with a minimum follow-up of 14 months (mo) from start of treatment in two ROS1+ NSCLC primary efficacy cohorts and safety in all pts treated at the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D). Methods: Pts with ROS1+ NSCLC were assigned to 4 cohorts by treatment history: TKI-naïve, 1 TKI and no chemo, 1 TKI and 1 platinum-based chemo, and 2 TKIs and no chemo. Repotrectinib RP2D was 160 mg once daily for 14 days, then 160 mg twice daily. Phase 2 primary endpoint was confirmed objective response rate (cORR) by Blinded Independent Central Review per RECIST v1.1. Secondary endpoints included duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS), intracranial ORR, cORR in TKI-pretreated pts with ROS1 G2032R NSCLC, and safety. Efficacy analyses included pts with ≥14 mo follow-up. Safety assessments included pts treated at RP2D across all study cohorts. Results: At data cutoff (December 19, 2022), median (range) follow-up in the primary efficacy cohorts was 24.0 (14.2–66.6) mo in the TKI-naïve cohort (n=71) and 21.5 (14.2–58.6) mo in the 1 prior TKI and no chemo cohort (n=56). In the TKI-naïve cohort, cORR was 79% (95% CI, 68–88). Median (95% CI) DOR was 34.1 (25.6–not estimable [NE]) mo; estimated 12- and 18-mo DOR rates were 83% (73–93) and 79% (68–90), respectively. Median PFS (95% CI) was 35.7 (27.4–NE) mo; estimated 12- and 18-mo PFS rates were 77% (66–87) and 70% (59–81), respectively. In the 1 prior TKI and no chemo cohort, cORR was 38% (95% CI, 25–52). Median DOR (95% CI) was 14.8 (7.6–NE) mo; estimated 12-mo DOR rate was 56% (34–77). Median PFS (95% CI) was 9.0 (6.8–19.6) mo; estimated 12-mo PFS rate was 41% (27–56). The median (range) time to response was 1.8 (0.9–5.6) mo in the TKI-naïve cohort and 1.8 (1.6–3.6) mo in the 1 prior TKI and no chemo cohort. Among pts with measurable brain metastasis at baseline, intracranial ORR was 89% (95% CI, 52–100) in the TKI-naïve cohort (n=9), and 38% (95% CI, 14–68) in the 1 prior TKI and no chemo cohort (n=13). In pts with TKI-pretreated ROS1 G2032R NSCLC (n=17), cORR was 59% (33–82). Among pts receiving repotrectinib at RP2D (n=426), treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) occurred in 422 (99%), most commonly dizziness (62%). Grade ≥3 TEAEs occurred in 216 (51%) and were considered treatment-related in 122 (29%). TEAEs led to dose reduction and treatment discontinuation in 38% and 7% of pts, respectively. Additional analysis in CNS efficacy and by subsequent therapies will be presented. Conclusion: With a minimum follow-up of 14 mo in TRIDENT-1, repotrectinib continued to demonstrate durable efficacy in pts with ROS1+ NSCLC, including intracranial activity, in both TKI-naïve and 1 prior TKI and no chemo cohorts. Safety in pts treated at RP2D was manageable, consistent with previous reports in all treated pts. Prior:WCLC(Sep 10). Citation Format: Jessica J Lin, Byoung Chul Cho, D. Ross Camidge, Sang-We Kim, Benjamin Solomon, Rafal Dziadziuszko, Benjamin Besse, Koichi Goto, Adrianus Johannes de Langen, Jürgen Wolf, Ki Hyeong Lee, Sanjay Popat, Christoph Springfeld, Misako Nagasaka, Enriqueta Felip, Nong Yang, Shun Lu, Steven Kao, Vamsidhar Velcheti, Parneet Cheema, Shanna Stopatschinskaja, Minal Mehta, Denise Trone, Felipe Ades, Christophe Y. Calvet, Alexander Drilon. Repotrectinib in patients with ROS1 fusion-positive (ROS1+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Update from the pivotal phase 1/2 TRIDENT-1 trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC Virtual International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2023 Oct 11-15; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2023;22(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PR003.

Introduction The genealogy of Feminist Standpoint Theory in the 1970s prioritised “locationality”, particularly the recognition of social and historical locations as valuable contribution to knowledge production. Pioneering figures such as Sandra Harding, Dorothy Smith, Patricia Hill Collins, Alison Jaggar, and Donna Haraway have argued that the oppressed must have some means (such as language, cultural practices) to enter the world of the oppressor in order to access some understanding of how the world works from the privileged perspective. In the essay “Meeting at the Edge of Fear: Theory on a World Scale”, the Australian social scientist Raewyn Connell explains that the production of feminist theory almost always comes from the global North. Connell critiques the hegemony of mainstream Northern feminism in her pyramidal model (59), showing how theory/knowledge is produced at the apex (global North) of a pyramid structure and “trickles down” (59) to the global South. Connell refers to a second model called mosaic epistemology which shows that multiple feminist ideologies across global North/South are juxtaposed against each other like tiles, with each specific culture making its own claims to validity.However, Nigerian feminist Bibi Bakare-Yusuf’s reflection on the fluidity of culture in her essay “Fabricating Identities” (5) suggests that fixing knowledge as Northern and Southern—disparate, discrete, and rigidly structured tiles—is also problematic. Connell proposes a third model called solidarity-based epistemology which involves mutual learning and critiquing with a focus on solidarity across differences. However, this is impractical in implementation especially given that feminist nomenclature relies on problematic terms such as “international”, “global North/South”, “transnational”, and “planetary” to categorise difference, spatiality, and temporality, often creating more distance than reciprocal exchange. Geographical specificity can be too limiting, but we also need to acknowledge that it is geographical locationality which becomes disadvantageous to overcome racial, cultural, and gender biases — and here are few examples.Nomenclatures: Global-North and Global South ParadigmThe global North/South terminology differentiating the two regions according to means of trade and relative wealth emerged from the Brandt Report’s delineation of the North as wealthy and South as impoverished in 1980s. Initially, these terms were a welcome repudiation of the hierarchical nomenclature of “developed” and “developing” nations. Nevertheless, the categories of North and South are problematic because of increased socio-economic heterogeneity causing erasure of local specificities without reflecting microscopic conflicts among feminists within the global North and the global South. Some feminist terms such as “Third World feminism” (Narayan), “global feminism” (Morgan), or “local feminisms” (Basu) aim to centre women's movements originating outside the West or in the postcolonial context, other labels attempt to making feminism more inclusive or reflective of cross-border linkages. These include “transnational feminism” (Grewal and Kaplan) and “feminism without borders” (Mohanty). In the 1980s, Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw’s concept of intersectionality garnered attention in the US along with Gloria Anzaldúa’s Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza (1987), which raised feminists’ awareness of educational, healthcare, and financial disparities among women and the experiences of marginalised people across the globe, leading to an interrogation of the aims and purposes of mainstream feminism. In general, global North feminism refers to white middle class feminist movements further expanded by concerns about civil rights and contemporary queer theory while global South feminism focusses on decolonisation, economic justice, and disarmament. However, the history of colonialism demonstrates that this paradigm is inadequate because the oppression and marginalisation of Black, Indigenous, and Queer activists have been avoided purposely in the homogenous models of women’s oppression depicted by white radical and liberal feminists. A poignant example is from Audre Lorde’s personal account:I wheeled my two-year-old daughter in a shopping cart through a supermarket in Eastchester in 1967, and a little white girl riding past in her mother’s cart calls out excitedly, ‘oh look, Mommy, a baby maid!’ And your mother shushes you, but does not correct you, and so fifteen years later, at a conference on racism, you can still find that story humorous. But I hear your laughter is full of terror and disease. (Lorde)This exemplifies how the terminology global North/South is a problem because there are inequities within the North that are parallel to the division of power and resources between North and South. Additionally, Susan Friedman in Planetary Modernisms observes that although the terms “Global North” and “Global South” are “rhetorically spatial” they are “as geographically imprecise and ideologically weighted as East/West” because “Global North” signifies “modern global hegemony” and “Global South” signifies the “subaltern, … —a binary construction that continues to place the West at the controlling centre of the plot” (Friedman, 123).Focussing on research-activism debate among US feminists, Sondra Hale takes another tack, emphasising that feminism in the global South is more pragmatic than the theory-oriented feminist discourse of the North (Hale). Just as the research-scholarship binary implies myopic assumption that scholarship is a privileged activity, Hale’s observations reveal a reductive assumption in the global North and global South nomenclature that feminism at the margins is theoretically inadequate. In other words, recognising the “North” as the site of theoretical processing is a euphemism for Northern feminists’ intellectual supremacy and the inferiority of Southern feminist praxis. To wit, theories emanating from the South are often overlooked or rejected outright for not aligning with Eurocentric framings of knowledge production, thereby limiting the scope of feminist theories to those that originate in the North. For example, while discussing Indigenous women’s craft-autobiography, the standard feminist approach is to apply Susan Sontag’s theory of gender and photography to these artefacts even though it may not be applicable given the different cultural, social, and class contexts in which they are produced. Consequently, Moroccan feminist Fatima Mernissi’s Islamic methodology (Mernissi), the discourse of land rights, gender equality, kinship, and rituals found in Bina Agarwal’s A Field of One’s Own, Marcia Langton’s “Grandmothers’ Law”, and the reflection on military intervention are missing from Northern feminist theoretical discussions. Moreover, “outsiders within” feminist scholars fit into Western feminist canonical requirements by publishing their works in leading Western journals or seeking higher degrees from Western institutions. In the process, Northern feminists’ intellectual hegemony is normalised and regularised. An example of the wealth of the materials outside of mainstream Western feminist theories may be found in the work of Girindrasekhar Bose, a contemporary of Sigmund Freud, founder of the Indian Psychoanalytic Society and author of the book Concept of Repression (1921). Bose developed the “vagina envy theory” long before the neo-Freudian psychiatrist Karen Horney proposed it, but it is largely unknown in the West. Bose’s article “The Genesis and Adjustment of the Oedipus Wish” discarded Freud’s theory of castration and explained how in the Indian cultural context, men can cherish an unconscious desire to bear a child and to be castrated, implicitly overturning Freud’s correlative theory of “penis envy.” Indeed, the case of India shows that the birth of theory can be traced back to as early as eighth century when study of verbal ornamentation and literary semantics based on the notion of dbvani or suggestion, and the aesthetic theory of rasa or "sentiment" is developed. If theory means systematic reasoning and conceptualising the structure of thought, methods, and epistemology, it exists in all cultures but unfortunately non-Western theory is largely invisible in classroom courses.In the recent book Queer Activism in India, Naisargi Dev shows that the theory is rooted in activism. Similarly, in her essay “Seed and Earth”, Leela Dube reveals how Eastern theories are distorted as they are Westernised. For instance, the “Purusha-Prakriti” concept in Hinduism where Purusha stands for pure consciousness and Prakriti stands for the entire phenomenal world is almost universally misinterpreted in terms of Western binary oppositions as masculine consciousness and feminine creative principle which has led to disastrous consequences including the legitimisation of male control over female sexuality. Dube argues how heteropatriarchy has twisted the Purusha-Prakriti philosophy to frame the reproductive metaphor of the male seed germinating in the female field for the advantage of patrilineal agrarian economies and to influence a homology between reproductive metaphors and cultural and institutional sexism (Dube 22-24). Attempting to reverse such distortions, ecofeminist Vandana Shiva rejects dualistic and exploitative “contemporary Western views of nature” (37) and employs the original Prakriti-Purusha cosmology to construct feminist vision and environmental ethics. Shiva argues that unlike Cartesian binaries where nature or Prakriti is inert and passive, in Hindu Philosophy, Purusha and Prakriti are inseparable and inviolable (Shiva 37-39). She refers to Kalika Purana where it is explained how rivers and mountains have a dual nature. “A river is a form of water, yet is has a distinct body … . We cannot know, when looking at a lifeless shell, that it contains a living being. Similarly, within the apparently inanimate rivers and mountains there dwells a hidden consciousness. Rivers and mountains take the forms they wish” (38).Scholars on the periphery who never migrated to the North find it difficult to achieve international audiences unless they colonise themselves, steeping their work in concepts and methods recognised by Western institutions and mimicking the style and format that western feminist journals follow. The best remedy for this would be to interpret border relations and economic flow between countries and across time through the prism of gender and race, an idea similar to what Sarah Radcliffe, Nina Laurie and Robert Andolina have called the “transnationalization of gender” (160).Migration between Global North and Global SouthReformulation of feminist epistemology might reasonably begin with a focus on migration and gender politics because international and interregional migration have played a crucial role in the production of feminist theories. While some white mainstream feminists acknowledge the long history of feminist imperialism, they need to be more assertive in centralising non-Western theories, scholarship, and institutions in order to resist economic inequalities and racist, patriarchal global hierarchies of military and organisational power. But these possibilities are stymied by migrants’ “de-skilling”, which maintains unequal power dynamics: when migrants move from the global South to global North, many end up in jobs for which they are overqualified because of their cultural, educational, racial, or religious alterity.In the face of a global trend of movement from South to North in search of a “better life”, visual artist Naiza Khan chose to return to Pakistan after spending her childhood in Lebanon before being trained at the University of Oxford. Living in Karachi over twenty years, Khan travels globally, researching, delivering lectures, and holding exhibitions on her art work. Auj Khan’s essay “Peripheries of Thought and Practise in Naiza Khan’s Work” argues: “Khan seems to be going through a perpetual diaspora within an ownership of her hybridity, without having really left any of her abodes. This agitated space of modern hybrid existence is a rich and ripe ground for resolution and understanding. This multiple consciousness is an edge for anyone in that space, which could be effectively made use of to establish new ground”. Naiza Khan’s works embrace loss or nostalgia and a sense of choice and autonomy within the context of unrestricted liminal geographical boundaries.Early work such as “Chastity Belt,” “Heavenly Ornaments”, “Dream”, and “The Skin She Wears” deal with the female body though Khan resists the “feminist artist” category, essentially because of limited Western associations and on account of her paradoxical, diasporic subjectivity: of “the self and the non-self, the doable and the undoable and the anxiety of possibility and choice” (Khan Webpage). Instead, Khan theorises “gender” as “personal sexuality”. The symbolic elements in her work such as corsets, skirts, and slips, though apparently Western, are purposely destabilised as she engages in re-constructing the cartography of the body in search of personal space. In “The Wardrobe”, Khan establishes a path for expressing women’s power that Western feminism barely acknowledges. Responding to the 2007 Islamabad Lal Masjid siege by militants, Khan reveals the power of the burqa to protect Muslim men by disguising their gender and sexuality; women escape the Orientalist gaze. For Khan, home is where her art is—beyond the global North and South dichotomy.In another example of de-centring Western feminist theory, the Indian-British sitar player Anoushka Shankar, who identifies as a radical pro-feminist, in her recent musical album “Land of Gold” produces what Chilla Bulbeck calls “braiding at the borderlands”. As a humanitarian response to the trauma of displacement and the plight of refugees, Shankar focusses on women giving birth during migration and the trauma of being unable to provide stability and security to their children. Grounded in maternal humility, Shankar’s album, composed by artists of diverse background as Akram Khan, singer Alev Lenz, and poet Pavana Reddy, attempts to dissolve boundaries in the midst of chaos—the dislocation, vulnerability and uncertainty experienced by migrants. The album is “a bit of this, and a bit of that” (borrowing Salman Rushdie’s definition of migration in Satanic Verses), both in terms of musical genre and cultural identities, which evokes emotion and subjective fluidity. An encouraging example of truly transnational feminist ethics, Shankar’s album reveals the chasm between global North and global South represented in the tension of a nascent friendship between a white, Western little girl and a migrant refugee child. Unlike mainstream feminism, where migration is often sympathetically feminised and exotified—or, to paraphrase bell hooks, difference is commodified (hooks 373) — Shankar’s album simultaneously exhibits regional, national, and transnational elements. The album inhabits multiple borderlands through musical genres, literature and politics, orality and text, and ethnographic and intercultural encounters. The message is: “the body is a continent / But may your heart always remain the sea" (Shankar). The human rights advocate and lawyer Randa Abdel-Fattah, in her autobiographical novel Does My Head Look Big in This?, depicts herself as “colourful adjectives” (such as “darkies”, “towel-heads”, or the “salami eaters”), painful identities imposed on her for being a Muslim woman of colour. These ultimately empower her to embrace her identity as a Palestinian-Egyptian-Australian Muslim writer (Abdel-Fattah 359). In the process, Abdel-Fattah reveals how mainstream feminism participates in her marginalisation: “You’re constantly made to feel as you’re commenting as a Muslim, and somehow your views are a little bit inferior or you’re somehow a little bit more brainwashed” (Abdel-Fattah, interviewed in 2015).With her parental roots in the global South (Egyptian mother and Palestinian father), Abdel-Fattah was born and brought up in the global North, Australia (although geographically located in global South, Australia is categorised as global North for being above the world average GDP per capita) where she embraced her faith and religious identity apparently because of Islamophobia:I refuse to be an apologist, to minimise this appalling state of affairs… While I'm sick to death, as a Muslim woman, of the hypocrisy and nonsensical fatwas, I confess that I'm also tired of white women who think the answer is flashing a bit of breast so that those "poor," "infantilised" Muslim women can be "rescued" by the "enlightened" West - as if freedom was the sole preserve of secular feminists. (Abdel-Fattah, "Ending Oppression")Abdel-Fattah’s residency in the global North while advocating for justice and equality for Muslim women in both the global North and South is a classic example of the mutual dependency between the feminists in global North and global South, and the need to recognise and resist neoliberal policies applied in by the North to the South. In her novel, sixteen-year-old Amal Mohamed chooses to become a “full-time” hijab wearer in an elite school in Melbourne just after the 9/11 tragedy, the Bali bombings which killed 88 Australians, and the threat by Algerian-born Abdel Nacer Benbrika, who planned to attack popular places in Sydney and Melbourne. In such turmoil, Amal’s decision to wear the hijab amounts to more than resistance to Islamophobia: it is a passionate search for the true meaning of Islam, an attempt to embrace her hybridity as an Australian Muslim girl and above all a step towards seeking spiritual self-fulfilment. As the novel depicts Amal’s challenging journey amidst discouraging and painful, humiliating experiences, the socially constructed “bloody confusing identity hyphens” collapse (5). What remains is the beautiful veil that stands for Amal’s multi-valence subjectivity. The different shades of her hijab reflect different moods and multiple “selves” which are variously tentative, rebellious, romantic, argumentative, spiritual, and ambitious: “I am experiencing a new identity, a new expression of who I am on the inside” (25).In Griffith Review, Randa-Abdel Fattah strongly criticises the book Nine Parts of Desire by Geraldine Brooks, a Wall-Street Journal reporter who travelled from global North to the South to cover Muslim women in the Middle East. Recognising the liberal feminist’s desire to explore the Orient, Randa-Abdel calls the book an example of feminist Orientalism because of the author’s inability to understand the nuanced diversity in the Muslim world, Muslim women’s purposeful downplay of agency, and, most importantly, Brooks’s inevitable veil fetishism in her trip to Gaza and lack of interest in human rights violations of Palestinian women or their lack of access to education and health services. Though Brooks travelled from Australia to the Middle East, she failed to develop partnerships with the women she met and distanced herself from them. This underscores the veracity of Amal’s observation in Abdel Fattah’s novel: “It’s mainly the migrants in my life who have inspired me to understand what it means to be an Aussie” (340). It also suggests that the transnational feminist ethic lies not in the global North and global South paradigm but in the fluidity of migration between and among cultures rather than geographical boundaries and military borders. All this argues that across the imperial cartography of discrimination and oppression, women’s solidarity is only possible through intercultural and syncretistic negotiation that respects the individual and the community.ReferencesAbdel-Fattah, Randa. Does My Head Look Big in This? Sydney: Pan MacMillan Australia, 2005.———. “Ending Oppression in the Middle East: A Muslim Feminist Call to Arms.” ABC Religion and Ethics, 29 April 2013. <http://www.abc.net.au/religion/articles/2013/04/29/3747543.htm>.———. “On ‘Nine Parts Of Desire’, by Geraldine Brooks.” Griffith Review. <https://griffithreview.com/on-nine-parts-of-desire-by-geraldine-brooks/>.Agarwal, Bina. A Field of One’s Own: Gender and Land Rights in South Asia. 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Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.Connell, Raewyn. “Meeting at the Edge of Fear: Theory on a World Scale.” Feminist Theory 16.1 (2015): 49–66.———. “Rethinking Gender from the South.” Feminist Studies 40.3 (2014): 518-539.Daniel, Eniola. “I Work toward the Liberation of Women, But I’m Not Feminist, Says Buchi Emecheta.” The Guardian, 29 Jan. 2017. <https://guardian.ng/art/i-work-toward-the-liberation-of-women-but-im-not-feminist-says-buchi-emecheta/>.Devi, Mahasveta. "Draupadi." Trans. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. Critical Inquiry 8.2 (1981): 381-402.Friedman, Susan Stanford. Planetary Modernisms: Provocations on Modernity across Time. New York: Columbia University Press, 2015.Grewal, Inderpal, and Caren Kaplan. Scattered Hegemonies: Postmodernity and Transnational Feminist. 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Abstract For decades, injury deaths from motor vehicles, homicides, suicides, falls, poisonings, and drownings were listed in mortality statistics and largely ignored by researchers in epidemiology and public health. Near the end of the twentieth century, influential and important discussions of the future direction of epidemiological and public health research made no mention of injury (Susser and Susser, 1996; Pearce, 1996). A conference held in 2005 on the future of public health included one brief mention of injury, but more was said about Elvis impersonators than about injury prevention (University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, 2005).

Abstract For decades, injury deaths from motor vehicles, homicides, suicides, falls, poisonings, and drownings were listed in mortality statistics and largely ignored by researchers in epidemiology and public health. Near the end of the twentieth century, influential and important discussions of the future direction of epidemiological and public health research made no mention of injury (Susser and Susser, 1996; Pearce, 1996). A conference held in 2005 on the future of public health included one brief mention of injury, but more was said about Elvis impersonators than about injury prevention (University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, 2005).

This chapter focuses on John Wesley Gilbert’s life and career from 1891 to 1910, a period in which he earned a reputation as “the finest Greek scholar in the South” and became nationally known as an educator and civic leader. The chapter begins by examining the scholarly networks that tied Gilbert to the members of the American Philological Association (APA) and the Archaeological Institute of America (AIA) and describes Gilbert’s attendance at the 1900 joint APA-AIA conference held in Philadelphia. The chapter examines the successes of Paine Institute (which became Paine College in 1903) under the joint leadership of Gilbert and Paine president George Williams Walker, as well as the increasing financial stress Paine came under from 1906 onward. The chapter also discusses Gilbert’s community and church work, including his involvement in numerous civic organizations in Augusta as well as his 1901 trip to London as a member of the Colored Methodist Episcopal (CME) delegation to the Ecumenical Methodist Conference. The chapter shows how Gilbert’s life was affected by the growth of Jim Crow segregation in the American South and explains the pressing financial needs that forced him to devote much of his time after 1906 to fundraising for Paine. The chapter closes in 1911, with the deaths of Gilbert’s mentor and father figure George Williams Walker and of his mother Sarah Thomas.

The General Electric LM2500 Marine Gas Turbine, currently used by the United States Navy as main propulsion on various classes of ships, lends itself very easily to a procedure known as photoborescopy. Photoborescopy is that process where discrete, color photographs are taken of various internal parts of the engine. Borescoping in itself is not new, but maximizing the borescopes capabilities is a program that the U.S. Navy continuously is developing at the Naval Ship Systems Engineering Station (NAVSSES) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. This paper will describe the photoborescopy technique used by NAVSSES and also give and show graphically the Fleet experience with two LM2500’s which had accumulated 10,000 hours of successful at-sea operation. The opinions expressed herein are those of the author and not necessarily of the Department of Defense or the Navy Department.

Abstract This paper is a historical review of the design and operation of the Pennsylvania Railroad’s class GG1 electric locomotive over its heavily-trafficked New York City-Washington, DC main line during the period 1934–1983. The locomotive was designed in-house by the railroad in corroboration with Baldwin Locomotive, General Electric and Westinghouse Electric following competitive tests of several electric locomotive designs. Its outstanding performance and long operating life has resulted in it being generally considered the most highly regarded electric locomotive in North America. The Pennsylvania Railroad embarked in the late 1920’s on a major AC electrification program for its New York-Washington and Philadelphia-Harrisburg main lines and local branches. It initially planned to use a fleet of class P5 rigid frame 2-C-2 electric locomotives for service. However problems were quickly encountered with damaging lateral track impacts, axle cracks, truck hunting, and inadequate tractive effort. The railroad responded with a series of competitive evaluation tests of several locomotive designs including a recent New York, New Haven & Hartford (NYNH&H) Railroad articulated frame locomotive, using an ingenious method to measure truck lateral forces. As a result, the railroad developed two prototype electric locomotive designs, a rigid frame class R1 2-D-2 and an articulated frame class GG1 2-C+C-2. Follow-up track testing verified that the GG1 had lower track lateral forces, and was selected for production. The 4,620 hp GG1 combined several significant North American design concepts: - Exceptional power from six double-armature traction motors for heavy passenger train operation at 100 mph; - Double-ended body design to eliminate the need to turn locomotives; - Use of separate truck frames with an articulation joint connection, allowing improved rail tracking and lower lateral forces; - Housing the main transformer and locomotive cabs in the center body, providing increased crew accident protection in collisions; - Use of high voltage Alternating Current (11 kV at 25 Hz); and - One of the first applications of Industrial Design (by Donald R. Dohner and Raymond F. Loewy) producing a streamlined locomotive using a welded carbody. The GG1 was quickly recognized as a rare combination of stellar performance, robust construction, and low maintenance costs. It was used to inaugurate electrified New York-Washington operations, performed admirably during World War II, successfully made the later transition to freight train operation, and was finally retired in October 1983. The prototype GG1 locomotive 4800 has been designated an ASME national engineering landmark.