Rozprawy doktorskie: „Phenomenography”

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Tam, Kwok-hin. "Biology students' conceptions of evolution : a phenomenography /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2226677X.

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Speed, Caroline Leigh, i caroline l. speed@dpcd vic gov au. "Sustainable Dwelling: A Phenomenography of House, Home and Place". RMIT University. Global Studies, Social Science and Planning, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20091119.115312.

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In Melbourne, Australia, current debates regarding the ongoing provision of suburban residential development to meet housing demand tend to focus on its capacity to contribute to the overall achievement of sustainable development at the metropolitan scale. Within this context, sustainability issues are framed as an environmental problem, and the legislative proposals to address them, in general, are technology focused. However there is growing evidence that deeper changes in human behaviour and understanding are required to achieve a sustainable outcome at the residential scale, and that these 'sustainability issues' are in fact environmental symptoms of a wider human problem. This thesis presents the results of an investigation of domestic architecture, as experienced by thirteen people, eleven of whom have voluntarily chosen to design, build and live in sustainable houses in and around Melbourne. The respondents' complex, multidimensional lived experiences of house, home, place and sustainability are explored within a framework based on theories of place. The first of these theories is Heidegger's concept of Being, especially Being-in-the-World, and the way in which this relates to the human experience of place. The second is the related concept of Dwelling, which for Heidegger is the basic character of Being and is intimately connected with building. The third perspective draws heavily from Heidegger's concepts of Being and Dwelling to define place as the experience of rootedness, authenticity, and insidedness, and the absence of these as placelessness. The fourth theory is the genius loci of place, also referred to as the spirit of place. Dwelling is the point of departure for this theory which discusses the way in which architecture concretises the spirit of place, so place may be experienced as an integrated totality. The final theory, articulated by Bachelard, suggests that place, as memory, is the conflation of intimate experience, memory, and imagination. This perspective is explored through the experience of home, especially the memories of home. Using phenomenography as a research approach, the qualitatively different ways the respondents describe their understanding and experience of house, home, place and sustainability, and the relationships between these, are explored. Insight into these understandings and experiences is achieved through the use of unstructured, in-depth interviews and a purposefully designed mixed-media package (cultural probe) which aims to provoke inspirational, creative and emotional responses. Conclusions are drawn regarding the interplay of notions of house, home and place and sustainability, and the ways in which the relationships between these phenomena influence sustainable behaviour.

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McCracken, Janet Rae. "Phenomenographic instructional design : case studies in geological mapping and materials science". Thesis, Open University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270015.

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Irvin, Lois Ruth, i lois-irvin@juno com. "Teacher conceptions of student engagement in learning:A phenomenographic investigation". Central Queensland University. School of Learning and Innovation, 2006. http://library-resources.cqu.edu.au./thesis/adt-QCQU/public/adt-QCQU20070718.143103.

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This study utilises a phenomenographic approach to investigate teacher conceptions of student engagement in learning. The research question asks: What are the qualitatively different conceptions of student engagement in learning held by secondary English teachers in Central Queensland? The research aims to contribute to knowledge about student engagement by investigating the teacher perspectives generally ignored in the research literature. This thesis begins with a review of academic research, scholarship, and government documents where multiple and conflicting understandings of engagement are identified. Phenomenography has been chosen as the empirical research approach because it is designed to map variation in understandings. Standard phenomenographic analysis is used in conjunction with two frameworks congruent with phenomenography. The first framework is based on understandings of intentionality and the second on understandings of awareness. Together these frameworks allow for in-depth analysis of conceptions by identifying the parts and contexts of conceptions and differentiating between the participants understanding and his or her conception of how this understanding is facilitated. The empirical component of the research involves semi-structured interviews with 20 Central Queensland secondary English teachers about their classroom experiences with student engagement. These data are transcribed and analysed as per phenomenographic protocol. This study identifies six conceptions within the what aspect, teacher conceptions of student engagement. These correspond with three conceptions comprising the how aspect, teacher conceptions of how to facilitate student engagement. The findings of the empirical research and scholarly review of literature build conceptual knowledge about student engagement. This research indicates that educational stakeholders do not hold similar understandings of student engagement. If the concept of student engagement is to become educationally fruitful, the term must be more explicitly defined in educational research and government policy documents to promote shared understandings among stakeholder groups.

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Solomonides, Ian Paul. "Learning intervention and the approach to study of engineering undergraduates". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308312.

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Ryan, Pamela M. "Understanding and Responding to Destructive Leadership in School-Related Contexts: An Autopoietic Perspective". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18398.

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Leadership is integral to the health and wellbeing of individuals and organisations. Relevant literature typically assumes a conception of leadership as ethical influence for good purpose, yet it is not always so. When exercised destructively, leadership has the potential to cause personal distress, group dysfunction and cultural fracture. Although some theoretical literature discusses such leadership, there are few empirical studies. This study applies autopoietic theory to explore the existence and impact of destructive leadership in school-related contexts and suggest possible prevention and intervention strategies. The research methodology used is phenomenography, which seeks to understand a phenomenon by defining variation in collective experience. Fifteen interviews were undertaken with leaders in school-related settings who identified with having past experience of leadership practices they defined as destructive. The purposive sample population was cross-sectoral and cross–school phase. The study is framed by three research questions which aim to identify the qualitatively different ways by which the phenomenon can be understood. The findings suggest that destructive leadership causes significant, lasting and pervasive harm to individuals and organisations; that it is exercised as power and control without adequate checks and balances; derives from personality dispositions, professional inadequacy or aberrant values; and impacts in personal, interpersonal or intrapersonal cycles, mediated or mitigated through individual or social conditions. Five contributions emerge: a phenomenographically-derived framework to analyse a dysfunctional social system; an autopoietically-derived interpretation of individual, organisation and ethical impact; reinforcing vicious and virtuous circles of control and trust; a theory of ‘dysergy’, whereby the sum of the parts of a dysfunctional system constitute a diminished whole; and a whole system approach to intervention. The theoretical implication of the study is of the potential for personal and organisational learning, while the practical implication is for the application of a whole system model of leadership.

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Hsu, Tsui Hua. "Understanding the health experiences of Taiwanese workers". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16476/1/Tsui_Hua_Hsu_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis attempt to uncover the qualitative different ways that Taiwanese workers experienced health. Workers' health is important to a country's economic, cultural and social development. Both Taiwanese government and health professionals acknowledgement the importance of health. A considerable amount of literature has been released over the past two decades in Taiwan around related issues. Most published research has reported investigation into occupational disease diagnosis, disease prevention, safety behaviours and health-related intervention for behaviour change. None has addressed the health experiences of workers. To address this gap in knowledge and literature, phenomenographic research has been completed to identify and describe the ways in which Taiwanese workers in an industrial complex experience health. In-depth interview was undertaken with eighteen participants. The interview was tape-recorded and then transcribed verbatim. Data was collected in Mandarin or Taiwanese and analysed in Chinese. This avoids the loss or change of original meaning during the translation process. Significant quotations were then translated to English by the principal researcher. Discussions between the researcher and supervisor, and between researcher and another native English speaker who is be able to read Chinese were continuous through the analysis process to ensure that the English translation is as close possible as to the original meaning. The outcomes of the research have been the identification of five conceptions of health which together represent understanding of the experience and the meaning of health. The five distinct conceptions are: health is absence of disease; health is a holistic view of the body function; health is a reward of doing 'good' deeds; health as living a healthy lifestyle; and health as a consequence of stress management. All conceptions combined constitute an outcome space that represents the referential and structural relationship between conceptions. The research outcomes contribute to an understanding of how a group of Taiwanese workers were aware of their health experience and have significant implications for health professionals in developing and conducting health intervention, for policy makers in planning occupational health policies, for describing health with a cultural context and for educators of health professionals. Furthermore, this research provides the basis for further research into specific aspects of health and its meaning in different work settings.

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Hsu, Tsui Hua. "Understanding the health experiences of Taiwanese workers". Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16476/.

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This thesis attempt to uncover the qualitative different ways that Taiwanese workers experienced health. Workers' health is important to a country's economic, cultural and social development. Both Taiwanese government and health professionals acknowledgement the importance of health. A considerable amount of literature has been released over the past two decades in Taiwan around related issues. Most published research has reported investigation into occupational disease diagnosis, disease prevention, safety behaviours and health-related intervention for behaviour change. None has addressed the health experiences of workers. To address this gap in knowledge and literature, phenomenographic research has been completed to identify and describe the ways in which Taiwanese workers in an industrial complex experience health. In-depth interview was undertaken with eighteen participants. The interview was tape-recorded and then transcribed verbatim. Data was collected in Mandarin or Taiwanese and analysed in Chinese. This avoids the loss or change of original meaning during the translation process. Significant quotations were then translated to English by the principal researcher. Discussions between the researcher and supervisor, and between researcher and another native English speaker who is be able to read Chinese were continuous through the analysis process to ensure that the English translation is as close possible as to the original meaning. The outcomes of the research have been the identification of five conceptions of health which together represent understanding of the experience and the meaning of health. The five distinct conceptions are: health is absence of disease; health is a holistic view of the body function; health is a reward of doing 'good' deeds; health as living a healthy lifestyle; and health as a consequence of stress management. All conceptions combined constitute an outcome space that represents the referential and structural relationship between conceptions. The research outcomes contribute to an understanding of how a group of Taiwanese workers were aware of their health experience and have significant implications for health professionals in developing and conducting health intervention, for policy makers in planning occupational health policies, for describing health with a cultural context and for educators of health professionals. Furthermore, this research provides the basis for further research into specific aspects of health and its meaning in different work settings.

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Ireland, Joseph Ernest. "Inquiry teaching in primary science : a phenomenographic study". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/45772/1/Joseph_Ireland_Thesis.pdf.

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In spite of having a long history in education, inquiry teaching (the teaching in ways that foster inquiry based learning in students) in science education is still a highly problematic issue. However, before teacher educators can hope to effectively influence teacher implementation of inquiry teaching in the science classroom, educators need to understand teachers’ current conceptions of inquiry teaching. This study describes the qualitatively different ways in which 20 primary school teachers experienced inquiry teaching in science education. A phenomenographic approach was adopted and data sourced from interviews of these teachers. The three categories of experiences that emerged from this study were; Student Centred Experiences (Category 1), Teacher Generated Problems (Category 2), and Student Generated Questions (Category 3). In Category 1 teachers structure their teaching around students sensory experiences, expecting that students will see, hear, feel and do interesting things that will focus their attention, have them asking science questions, and improve their engagement in learning. In Category 2 teachers structure their teaching around a given problem they have designed and that the students are required to solve. In Category 3 teachers structure their teaching around helping students to ask and answer their own questions about phenomena. These categories describe a hierarchy with the Student Generated Questions Category as the most inclusive. These categories were contrasted with contemporary educational theory, and it was found that when given the chance to voice their own conceptions without such comparison teachers speak of inquiry teaching in only one of the three categories mentioned. These results also help inform our theoretical understanding of teacher conceptions of inquiry teaching. Knowing what teachers actually experience as inquiry teaching, as opposed to understand theoretically, is a valuable contribution to the literature. This knowledge provides a valuable contribution to educational theory, which helps policy, curriculum development, and the practicing primary school teachers to more fully understand and implement the best educative practices in their daily work. Having teachers experience the qualitatively different ways of experiencing inquiry teaching uncovered in this study is expected to help teachers to move towards a more student-centred, authentic inquiry outcome for their students and themselves. Going beyond this to challenge teacher epistemological beliefs regarding the source of knowledge may also assist them in developing more informed notions of the nature of science and of scientific inquiry during professional development opportunities. The development of scientific literacy in students, a high priority for governments worldwide, will only to benefit from these initiatives.

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Christensen, Mette. "Sygeplejerskers efterlevelse af anbefalinger for håndhygiejne". Thesis, Nordic School of Public Health NHV, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-3199.

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Formål – At beskrive variationen i sygeplejerskers opfattelse af deres efterlevelse af anbefalinger for håndhygiejne samt hvilke faktorer sygeplejersker oplever, har betydning for om de udfører håndhygiejne som anbefalet. Design - Beskrivende og undersøgende undersøgelse med en fænomenografisk forsknings-tilnærmelse. Semi-strukturerede interviews med fokus på sygeplejerskers egen opfattelse af deres efterlevelse af anbefalinger for håndhygiejne. Ramme – Hvidovre Hospital. Informanter – 14 sygeplejersker (12 kvinder, to mænd) fordelt på 11 afdelinger, indenfor kirurgiske specialer, medicinske specialer, kvinde-barn specialer og intensivterapi. Resultat – Analysen viser, at de interviewede sygeplejersker er af den opfattelse, at de stort set altid efterlever anbefalingerne for håndhygiejne. Endvidere blev der ved analysen identificeret seks forskellige opfattelser af de faktorer, der har indflydelse på, om sygeplejerskerne følger anbefalinger for håndhygiejne: Håndhygiejne er en naturlig handling; Smitterisiko; Akutte situationer, uforudsigelighed og travlhed; Omgivelsernes opmærksomhed; Håndhygiejnefaciliteter; Akkreditering, hygiejneaudit og håndhygiejnekampagne. Konklusion – Sygeplejerskers oplevelse af, at de udfører håndhygiejne som anbefalet og deres forskellige opfattelser af faktorer, der har betydning for, om de følger anbefalingerne for håndhygiejne bør have indflydelse på de håndhygiejneaktiviteter, der planlægges og iværksættes med henblik på at øge sygeplejerskers efterlevelse af anbefalingerne for håndhygiejne.
Aim – To describe variations in nurses’ ways of experiencing compliance with recommendations for hand hygiene and factors nurses experience as having influence on their compliance with hand hygiene. Design – Descriptive and explorative study using a phenomenographic approach. Semi-structured interviews, focusing on the nurses’ own experiences regarding compliance with recommendations with hand hygiene. Setting – Hvidovre Hospital. Subjects – 14 nurses (12 women, 2 men) from 11 different wards, within the surgical speciality, the medical speciality, the women-child speciality and intensive care. Results – The analysis shows that the interviewed nurses perceive that they nearly always follow the recommendations for hand hygiene. Furthermore six different perceptions of factors with influence on nurses’ compliance with recommendations for hand hygiene were identified in the analysis: Hand hygiene is a natural action; Infection risk; Acute situations, unpredictability and busyness; The attention of the surroundings; Facilities for hand hygiene; Accreditation, hygiene audit and hand hygiene campaign. Conclusion – Nurses’ experiences of compliance with recommendation for hand hygiene and the different perceptions of factors influencing wether they follow recommendations for hand hygiene ought to influence the planning and implementations of hand hygiene activities in order to promote nurses’ compliance with recommendation for hand hygiene.

ISBN 978-91-7844-743-5

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Smith, Marian. "Young people : a phenomenographic investigation into the ways they experience information". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6632.

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This study investigates the ways young people experience information. Having an understanding of what information means to young people is important for educators and library and information science (LIS) professionals if they are to develop information literacy skills in young people. To date the literature has revealed that scant attention has been paid to this area. This research study addresses a gap in the knowledge. The study used a phenomenographic research approach to elicit and describe the qualitatively different ways in which young people experienced information. A purposeful sample of forty one young people aged eleven to eighteen years participated in the study. The data, which were gathered through drawings and semi structured interviews, were subjected to a rigorous process of phenomenographic analysis. The outcome of phenomenographic analysis is an outcome space consisting of a finite set of categories of description which, with their relationships, explain the different ways people experience phenomena in the world. In this study six ways of experiencing information were identified: knowledge of sources of information; receiving information; process of finding information; store of unprocessed information; processing information; and use of information. The findings highlighted the fact that young people thought about information to a degree that has not always been acknowledged. In addition the findings challenged a number of commonly held assumptions, which have in the past invited criticism, for instance young people's attitude to ‘cutting and pasting' information and their poor evaluation of academic information. The findings also revealed a previously unrecognised type of information behaviour described in sub-category A of Category Two, ‘receiving information knowingly'. As a result of this research a more comprehensive picture of the way young people experience information to that currently available has been revealed, however the research also revealed the incompleteness of this picture and suggests the need for further research.

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Jönsson, Teresia, i Veronica Zacheja. "Hot, våld och trakasserier mot lärare - en fenomenografiskt inspirerad studie vad gäller rektorers och lärares uppfattningar". Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Teacher Education (LUT), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-4172.

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The aim of this study is to describe what teachers and principals experience in schools regarding threats, violence and harassment towards teachers. A phenomenographical inspired approach has been used to describe and analyse the conceptions of five teachers and five principals. The findings of the study indicate that there is no impending risk for teachers to suffer from violence, threats or harassment. However, it does occasionally happen, and the findings of the study indicate that there are some factors that increase the risk. The major three factors are: fear, personality and inexperience. The conceptions also indicate that media can have a negative effect concerning violence in schools.

In order to prevent violence in schools, the findings of the study suggest three preventive measures: active relationship building, increased information, as well as increased authority for teachers. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of support where teachers have been violated. This support is required from principals and supporting authorities, and it is important that school violence is reported to the police to discourage the threat of future violent conduct in schools. The findings of our study indicate that the school of education needs to be reorganised, and new methods developed, in order to prepare teachers for their coming profession.

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Jansson, Magnus. ""Jag lärde mig väl det vanliga!" : Fem elevers erfarande av skrivande som aktivitet för lärande". Licentiate thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-72264.

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This study is about students’ work with writing as an activity for learning in year 4, 5 and 6 in compulsory school. The methodology used is inspired by phenomenography and the overall frame of analysis is sociocultural. The purpose of the study is to describe what five students experience they learn when writing and on the basis of that problematize students’ work with writing in school. The study includes five students, three boys and two girls, as well as five different writing assignments. The five writing assignments are of different character; argumentative, reflective, structured, narrative and communicative, and they aim to include several of the functions writing can have in school. The main material of the study consists of 25 interviews, five with each student, which have been conducted as closely as possible to the students’ work with the five different writing assignments. The study shows that students experience they learn differently depending on what type of writing assignment they are working with. In order for the students to perceive that they are learning a subject matter, which they are writing about, it seems the writing assignments need to be designed in a way that challenges the students’ thinking. Challenges of the type reflect, take a stand, motivate and compare seem to be effective for this purpose, even though they do not always seem to be sufficient for all students. Several students express uncertainty. They say that they learned something in general terms instead of giving clear examples, they ponder a long time, answer that ""you" can learn", that they perhaps learned something or they don’t know. The students seem to be unfamiliar with reflection around writing and learning and appear to need support, not only in their learning, but also to conceive that they learn something when they write. Teachers can not take for granted that students experience that they learn when they are writing or that students know why they are writing in school. It appears that conscious and structured work with writing, and with the students’ experience of writing, is needed.

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Gardner, Kimberly D. "Investigating Secondary School Students' Experience of Learning Statistics". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/msit_diss/30.

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Although more students are taking courses in statistics before leaving high school, the research base on teaching and learning statistics at the high school level has not accumulated as rapidly (Garfield & Chance, 2000). Very little is known about how secondary school students learn statistics, how the misconceptions they bring to the subject impede their learning, and what should be taught or assessed (Watson & Callingham, 2003). Studies that have investigated these issues tend to focus on the K-5, undergraduate, and graduate levels of education (Groth, 2003). Therefore, more research is needed at the secondary level (Garfield & Chance, 2000). The purpose of this qualitative investigation is to examine how secondary school students' approaches to learning relate to how they assign meaning to statistics. Phenomenography (Marton & Booth, 1997) is the theoretical orientation that frames the study, and it examines the role human experience plays in learning, by reporting variations in the ways participants experience a phenomenon (Dall'Alba & Hasselgreen, 1996). The research questions for the study were: 1) What are the different ways high school students define statistics? 2) What are the different ways high school students learn statistics? 3) What are the different ways students experience learning statistics? The nine participants in the study were high school graduates who completed a course in Statistics or Advanced Placement Statistics while enrolled in high school in a suburban area in the southeast. Data sources were semi-structured interviews and journaling. Using phenomenographic methodology, students' descriptions of the experience of learning were analyzed and coded. An outcome space of the collective experiences was constructed. A hierarchical relationship between students' approach to learning and their learning strategies was found. Also, a hierarchical relationship between students' approaches to learning and the meaning they assigned to statistics was found.

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Eriksson, Moa. "Introductory physics students' conceptions of algebraic signs used in kinematics problem solving". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fysikundervisningens didaktik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-226936.

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The ways that physics students’ conceptualize – the way they experience – the use of algebraic signs in vector-kinematics has not been extensively studied. The most comprehensive of these few studies was carried out in South Africa 15 years ago. This study found that the variation in the ways that students experience the use of algebraic signs could be characterized by five qualitatively different categories. The consistency of the nature of this experience across either the same or different educational settings has never given further consideration. This project sets out to do this using two educational settings; one similar to the original South African one, and one at the natural science preparatory programme known as basåret at Uppsala University in Sweden. The study was carried out under the auspices of the Division of Physics Education Research at the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Uppsala University in collaboration with Nadaraj Govender, University of KwaZulu-Natal, who performed the original study while completing his PhD at the University of the Western Cape, South Africa. This study is situated in the kinematics section of introductory physics with participants drawn from the natural science preparatory programme at Uppsala University and physical science preservice teachers’ programme at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The participating students completed a specially designed questionnaire on the use of signs in kinematics problem solving. A sub-group of these students was also purposefully selected to take part in semi-structured interviews that aimed at further exploring their experiences of algebraic signs. The students’ descriptions and answers were categorized using Nadaraj Govender’s set of categories, which had been constructed using the phenomenographic research approach. This approach is designed to enable finding the variation of ways people experience a phenomenon. The process of sorting the data was grounded in this phenomenographic perspective. From this categorization it was possible to identify four of the original five categories amongst the participating students. The results suggest that these four categories remain educationally relevant today even if the context is not the same as the one for the original findings. Although one of the original five categories was not found, the analysis cannot be taken to definitely eliminate this from the original outcome space of results. A more extensive study would be needed for this and thus a proposal is made that further studies be undertaken around this issue. The study ends by suggesting that physics teachers at the introductory level need to obtain a broader understanding of their students’ difficulties and develop their teaching to better deal with the challenges that become more visible in this broader understanding.
På vilka sätt fysikstudenter föreställer sig och förstår användandet av algebraiska tecken i vektorkinematik har endast studerats i mindre utsträckning. Den mest omfattande av dessa få studier genomfördes i Sydafrika för 15 år sedan. Denna studie upptäckte att variationen av de sätt studenter upplever användandet av algebraiska tecken på kunde karaktäriseras genom fem kvalitativt olika kategorier. Hur solida dessa upplevelser är i en liknande eller helt annan utbildningsmiljö har däremot inte studerats vidare. Detta projekt ämnar till att göra detta genom att använda två olika studentgrupper; en liknande den ursprungliga gruppen i Sydafrika, samt det tekniskt-naturvetenskapliga basåret vid Uppsala universitet, Sverige. Studien har genomförts med stöd från avdelningen för fysikens didaktik vid institutionen för fysik och astronomi vid Uppsala universitet i samarbete med Nadaraj Govender, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Sydafrika, som genomförde den ursprungliga studien under sin doktorandutbildning vid University of the Westen Cape, Sydafrika. Denna studie är begränsad till den del av den grundläggande fysiken som behandlar kinematik och innefattade deltagare från det tekniskt-naturvetenskapliga basåret vid Uppsala universitet samt tredje års studenter vid physical science preservice teachers’ programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Sydafrika. De deltagande studenterna genomförde ett specialdesignat frågeformulär kring användandet av algebraiska tecken för att lösa kinematiska problem. En del av dessa studenter valdes sedan ut för att delta i semi-strukturerade intervjuer som syftade till att vidare utforska deras upplevelser kring algebraiska tecken. Studenternas beskrivningar och svar kategoriserades med hjälp av Nadaraj Govenders fem kategorier som tagits fram genom ett fenomenografiskt tillvägagångssätt. Detta tillvägagångssätt är framtaget för att kunna hitta variationen av hur människor upplever ett fenomen. Sorteringsprocessen grundades i detta fenomenografiska perspektiv. Från denna kategorisering var det möjligt att identifiera fyra av de fem ursprungliga kategorierna bland de deltagande studenterna. Fyra av de fem ursprungliga kategorierna som föreslagits av Govender återfanns genom denna studie varför dessa kategorier föreslås förbli relevanta idag även om utbildningsmiljön skiljer sig från den ursprungliga. Trots att den femte kategorin inte hittades kan denna inte definitivt exkluderas från det outcome space som beskriver studenters upplevelser för algebraiska tecken. Det föreslås att vidare studier undersöker förekomsten av denna kategori. Studien avslutas med att föreslå att fysik lärare på grundnivå behöver få en bättre förståelse för sina studenters svårigheter samt att de behöver utveckla sin undervisning för att bättre kunna hantera dessa svårigheter och på så sätt göra undervisningen mer anpassad för mångfalden av studenterna.

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Malmström, Beatrice. "Föräldrar och pedagogers syn på föräldrars delaktighet i förskolan : en fenomenografisk studie". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-31834.

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The aim of this essay is to examine parents and teachers perception of parental participation in a Swedish preschool. The aim was further to find variations in teachers and parents view of the matter, to find similarities and/or differences in the statements. The method used in this essay is a qualitative research method with surveys to collect data. The questions in the survey had a low degree of structuring to get extensive answers. For the results and analysis a phenomenographic approach was used to find variations in the data. The results show that there are variations in the views on parental participation between teachers and parents. Teachers to a higher extent emphasises the whole group, and pedagogical documentation as a way to reach higher parental participation, while parents emphasises information about their own child and the daily contact with the teachers to feel as participants in the preschool. The results have similarities to previous research of teachers and parents views on parental participation in the Swedish preschool. Conclusions that can be drawn from this paper is that parents and teachers in certain areas have a different view of what makes parents feel as participants in the preschool.

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Benner, Saffron. "Dramaturgy as Mentoring: An Investigation Of Personal Practice". Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367069.

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This thesis investigates contemporary Australian script dramaturgy as a form of mentoring. It analyses conventional dramaturgical practices, and the forms of professional development for dramaturgs and playwrights currently used by the arts industry. These issues are explored through two case studies that are self-reflective descriptions of my dramaturgical practice in different playwrighting contexts. Although there is considerable international literature on the practice of production dramaturgy, there is extremely limited literature on the subject of Australian dramaturgy. While dramaturgy has often been the subject of industry debate, few dramaturgs have discussed or analysed the specificities of their practice. As an extensive investigation of personal dramaturgical practice my thesis is unique, and therefore makes a significant contribution to the literature on Australian dramaturgy. My research discovered that there were considerable congruencies between dramaturgy and mentoring, which constitute the main forms of development for writers and new work in the Australian arts industry. Mentoring theory therefore provides the conceptual framework of my research. My research uses a modified form of feminist phenomenography as its methodology. Data was analysed using a combination of feminist research and phenomenographic techniques. Data was primarily collected through interviews with the research participants; my own work notes; and personal reflections. An inclusive approach to my research invited the participants to comment on and contribute to the analysis of their own interviews and case studies. The first case study describes my experiences as dramaturg for Queensland playwright, Margery Forde in the development of X-Stacy (1998). The second case study describes my experiences in the collaborative development of a satirical cabaret Slings and Arrows (1999) with WIT, an unfunded, feminist theatre group. Each of these case studies represents, respectively, a mentoring partnership and group mentoring. The final chapter draws together the thematic findings from the case studies and the key implications of the Literature Review and Conceptual Framework to address the initial research questions and propose some recommendations based on the research findings. My research demonstrates that there is clear evidence to support an interpretation of dramaturgy as mentoring, but that the arts industry needs to reconsider the methods and methodologies of both practices for contemporary and future relevance. In light of these findings, my research makes a number of recommendations for the arts industry; dramaturgs; educational and training institutions; and funding bodies. These key recommendations include: 1. That the arts industry redefine and implement dramaturgy as a form of mentoring; 2. That dramaturgs develop more accessible and in-depth analysis about their practices in order to demystify the role and purpose of dramaturgy; 3. That relevant training courses and qualifications be established for dramaturgical practice; 4. That funding bodies examine the distribution and amounts of funding and account for long-term investments in the development of playwrights and new work. These recommendations are made on the premise that there are considerable improvements to be made on the current development of Australian playwrights and their work, and to ensure a vibrant, innovative creative future. The introduction of mentoring practices can only improve the discipline or profession of dramaturgs and playwrights in Australia and the quality of their practice.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Vocational, Technology and Arts Education
Faculty of Education
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Bryant, Sandra Lea. "Queensland teachers' conceptions of creativity : a phenomenographic investigation". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/70237/1/Sandra_Bryant_Thesis.pdf.

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This study investigated conceptions of creativity in a group of Queensland teachers. The analysis of interview data produced precise descriptions of seven categories of meanings of creativity, delimiting the range and variance of meanings expressed. The study provides evidence of two distinct ways of experiencing and defining creativity. As a result the researcher was able to propose further research directions to extend educational understanding of creativity and recommended using the present study findings to strengthen policy and training measures for the Australian Curriculum focus on building creative capital.

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Sartor, Annette. "‘Children in place’: A phenomenography of children’s understandings of place, identity in place and looking after place". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18804.

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Place as an entity is not fixed, but is constructed through subjective understandings. While past research on children and place has tended to focus on children’s special places, this study extends the research on children’s conceptualisations of place arising from everyday experiences. In particular, it explores children’s understandings of place as a phenomenon and insider understandings of place as a local area encompassing everyday life. This research, framed within the broad scope of place theory, explores children’s experiences to provide new insights into child-place relationships that encourage environmentally sustainable practices. The use of phenomenography as a research tool provides a snapshot of children’s conceptualisations of place and of themselves within it. Using an interpretive approach, variation in children’s understandings of the phenomena of place, children’s identity in relation to place and looking after place are explored. The participants are children aged 7 to 12 years living in a geographically and culturally distinct region, and data were collected using open-ended interview questions. Six categories of description were revealed: place is a space and a locality; place has a range of opportunities; place attachment, place identity and belonging; connections, caring and responsibility for place; the developing self in place. This research revealed a pattern of children’s place understandings spanning spatial awareness, the functionality of place, and connections to people and nature. Children develop care and responsibility for place that encompasses both community and environmental components. However, these understandings are affected by self-perceptions of identity in which being a ‘school child’ and ‘not important’ reveals an acute awareness of children’s position in society. Children expressed a conflict between wanting to protect place entities for which they have a close affinity for and value, and the limitations imposed on them as children which act as barriers to self-determination. Emerging ideas on children’s participation should continue to focus on enabling children’s voices and developing children’s capacities as active agents and future environmental citizens.

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Berinde, Ruxandra. "Moving images of home : tracing an architectural phenomenography through the films of Ingmar Bergman and Andrei Tarkovsky". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12658/.

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The research started by asking the question: "How is the meaning and memory of home communicated through the films of Ingmar Bergman and Andrei Tarkovsky?" The meaning this question was seeking entailed elements such as architectural experience, perception, memories and dreams, and the research thus enquired film's mechanisms for rendering legible such ineffable concepts, with a focus on the two particular case studies of Tarkovsky and Bergman. Building upon claims that film has the ability to communicate direct experiences of lived space, the thesis peruses theoretical intersecting findings that encircle the research quest: architecture and film, phenomenology, as well as other adjacent fields. The aim is to draw creative splices that outline an original view on the architectural experience of home, as read throughout the work and life of these two artists. Therefore, among the main outputs of the thesis was to rewrite the biographies of Bergman and Tarkovsky based on their spatial element, a recreated life-writing in which place gains a central role of life journeys and choices. From these reconsidered biographies, new understandings about home, dwelling and place attachment are drawn. The methodological aim of the study is to propose an architectural phenomenography (literally a writing of phenomena), a redefined view on architectural phenomenology that uses autobiographical film as a research tool to allow explorations on the concept of home. The established routes of phenomenological inquiry make use of linguistic material in order to read and write descriptions and in such a manner to reach the essence of phenomena. By replacing the majority of the linguistic research data with audiovisual material provided by the films, the novelty of the present approach lies in considering moving images as portent of inscribed phenomenological descriptions, legible through film viewing. The essential factors for selecting Bergman and Tarkovsky as the case-study filmmakers was the strength of their works to communicate the space of home in its lived form. Due to this peculiar quality, the present study looked at these works attempting to trace a method of writing spatial experience on the imponderable surface of film. Throughout the thesis, this method was termed as architectural phenomenography, and it was defined as a communicative medium through which, once spatial experiences have been written on film, they silently await a proper deciphering. This study therefore strives to answer the silent call of these experiential moving images and to disclose them as categories of architectural experiences.

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Kobayashi, Kaoru. "Ways of Experiencing 5S: A Means to Understand Management Practices". Thesis, Griffith University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366124.

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This thesis is concerned with development of a management practice framework for improving organisational performance, particularly within a Western manufacturing environment. The research has chosen a particular management practice originated in Japan, called ‘5S’. In the development of an integrated management systems (IMS) framework, 5S is increasingly adopted to assist in integrating various improvement initiatives. Nonetheless, a predominant understanding of 5S as ‘housekeeping’ militates against the development of an effective IMS framework. In addition, a scarcity of studies on 5S highlights how little attention has been paid to understanding 5S holistically by Western organisations and academic researchers. The research is a qualitative investigation challenging previous research and practice where the nature of 5S has been conceptualised without considering the perspective of practitioners who directly experience it. The study has explored the ways in which a group of team leaders of a food manufacturing plant experience 5S practice within their organisational context. The research has focused on how differently these practitioners understand and apply the concept of 5S when they receive identical information and training from their organisation. The theoretical framework of the current study is underpinned by an interpretive perspective, which emphasise the importance of personal experiences. Phenomenography, an innovative approach, is adopted to identify and articulate the qualitative variation in which practitioners experience 5S. Phenomenographic approaches have been widely used, but mainly in fields outside management research. All 13 team leaders of a food manufacturing plant operating in Australia participated in the study. These team leaders had no previous knowledge about 5S until they received information from their organisation. Guided by the photo-interviewing method, team leaders expressed various approaches to understanding and applying the concept of 5S then clarified their statements with photographs they took and brought. This visual approach allowed the researcher to share the experiences of team leaders. Other visual data, such as posters, charts and graphs were also collected to understand the nature of 5S in a holistic manner. ii The phenomenographic analysis revealed four qualitatively different ways in which team leaders of a food manufacturing plant in Australia experience 5S. These four ways of experiencing 5S were intertwined each other but also included a degree of increasing richness and complexity. The study also found that the nature of 5S within a contemporary manufacturing environment is still evolving. The research finds that there is a considerable gap between the theory and practice of 5S. This research contributes to the body of management practice literature by providing a comprehensive understanding about the nature of 5S from the perspective of practitioners. The research also extends the IMS framework based on the understanding of 5S developed through the current study. The four ways of experiencing 5S throw new light on the subject, calling into question the unitary view, which until now 5S has been conceptualised only by researchers and senior executives whose experience in 5S is limited in practice. The conceptual framework of viewing 5S through the experiences of practitioners developed from the study will assist managers and educators making sense of how differently practitioners conceive 5S through their own experiences and turn the theory of 5S into practice.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
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Nagel, Michael. "Queensland and Saskatchewan middle years students' experiences of environmental education : an analysis of conceptions". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16008/1/Michael_Nagel_Thesis.pdf.

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This study explores the qualitatively different ways in which the phenomenon of environmental education is understood or experienced by a purposeful sample of year seven students in Queensland and Saskatchewan. In 'directing the activities of the young', environmental education has, since its genesis, existed in an epistemological quagmire surrounding the development of 'responsible' environmental behaviours. Yet, after some thirty years of research and pedagogical initiative, this is one of only a few studies that have looked at the reality of environmental education through the eyes of young people. Contested and debated, environmental education has received much attention in many countries from educators interested in merging the complexities of the terms environment and education. In the context of this study it is significant to note that environmental education's history bears witness to scholarly discourse and educational initiatives in Australia and Canada. However, while environmental education has continued to expand its presence in pedagogical and didactic endeavour, its history also demonstrates contested ideological foundations regarding its implementation in schools. Queensland and Saskatchewan offer pertinent examples of this contestation. From a global perspective, the goals and objectives of environmental education have been driven, developed and established around international agendas developed at a number of conferences designed and delivered through UNESCO. These global initiatives were then left to local interpretation that often resulted in very different didactic and pedagogic frameworks. Such is the case with Queensland and Saskatchewan where environmental education is situated within a social science framework in Queensland and a science framework in Saskatchewan. However, the pedagogical structure of environmental education was not the focus of this study per se. Instead, this phenomenographic research project looks at how the phenomenon of environmental education is experienced by a group of Year 7 children in each region. These children's experiences of environmental education can be encapsulated in a limited number of qualitatively different conceptualisations. The study finds that, regardless of their country of origin, the children conceptualise environmental education in five ways; Environmental Education as: 'Human Being'. 'Human Escaping'. 'Human Doing'. 'Human Complying'. 'Human Distancing'. Specific components of these conceptions are detailed through 'categories of description' which lend themselves to a structural framework referred to as an 'outcome space'. Through this 'outcome space' it becomes apparent that for the year seven students who participated in this research project, environmental education is, at is best irrelevant, and at its worst depressing. For the goals of environmental education and those who aspire and work towards meeting those goals, this 'cumulative movement of action (environmental education) toward a later result' as noted by Dewey and quoted above, appears to be growing in the wrong direction.

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Nagel, Michael. "Queensland and Saskatchewan middle years students' experiences of environmental education : an analysis of conceptions". Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16008/.

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This study explores the qualitatively different ways in which the phenomenon of environmental education is understood or experienced by a purposeful sample of year seven students in Queensland and Saskatchewan. In 'directing the activities of the young', environmental education has, since its genesis, existed in an epistemological quagmire surrounding the development of 'responsible' environmental behaviours. Yet, after some thirty years of research and pedagogical initiative, this is one of only a few studies that have looked at the reality of environmental education through the eyes of young people. Contested and debated, environmental education has received much attention in many countries from educators interested in merging the complexities of the terms environment and education. In the context of this study it is significant to note that environmental education's history bears witness to scholarly discourse and educational initiatives in Australia and Canada. However, while environmental education has continued to expand its presence in pedagogical and didactic endeavour, its history also demonstrates contested ideological foundations regarding its implementation in schools. Queensland and Saskatchewan offer pertinent examples of this contestation. From a global perspective, the goals and objectives of environmental education have been driven, developed and established around international agendas developed at a number of conferences designed and delivered through UNESCO. These global initiatives were then left to local interpretation that often resulted in very different didactic and pedagogic frameworks. Such is the case with Queensland and Saskatchewan where environmental education is situated within a social science framework in Queensland and a science framework in Saskatchewan. However, the pedagogical structure of environmental education was not the focus of this study per se. Instead, this phenomenographic research project looks at how the phenomenon of environmental education is experienced by a group of Year 7 children in each region. These children's experiences of environmental education can be encapsulated in a limited number of qualitatively different conceptualisations. The study finds that, regardless of their country of origin, the children conceptualise environmental education in five ways; Environmental Education as: 'Human Being'. 'Human Escaping'. 'Human Doing'. 'Human Complying'. 'Human Distancing'. Specific components of these conceptions are detailed through 'categories of description' which lend themselves to a structural framework referred to as an 'outcome space'. Through this 'outcome space' it becomes apparent that for the year seven students who participated in this research project, environmental education is, at is best irrelevant, and at its worst depressing. For the goals of environmental education and those who aspire and work towards meeting those goals, this 'cumulative movement of action (environmental education) toward a later result' as noted by Dewey and quoted above, appears to be growing in the wrong direction.

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Nielsen, Samuel William. "Public education for disaster management : a phenomenographic investigation". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16162/1/Samuel_Nielsen_Thesis.pdf.

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Many recent developments in education theory and the field of disaster management have left the meaning of public education as applied in the disaster management field fraught with uncertainty. This thesis addresses this uncertainty via a phenomenographic research study that sheds light on the meaning of public education, despite such uncertainty, by revealing a discrete number of qualitatively different ways in which disaster managers and disaster educators experience and understand public education. Transcriptions of interviews of 25 such senior Australian disaster managers and educators were analysed using phenomenographic methods and revealed a set of discrete, parsimonious and qualitatively different ways of experiencing public education. The referential component of the different ways of experiencing was revealed within ten emergent categories of description for public education: (i) a non-effective process; (ii) a way of managing a public issue; (iii) promoting an issue; (iv) issuing expert instructions; (v) changing individuals; (vi) strategic teaching and training; (vii) collaborative partnerships; (viii) empowering learners to make informed decisions; (ix) negotiation; and (x) element in societal learning. The structural component of the emergent ways of experiencing public education was presented in the form of a phenomenographic outcome space. Linkages between these findings about public education and current literature were made. The results suggested multiple ways to improve public education within the disaster management community and more widely. The need for clarity in communication amongst educators and professionals in regard to public education was confirmed by the research findings. Insights into phenomenography and education were included within the discussion.

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Nielsen, Samuel William. "Public Education for Disaster Management: A Phenomenographic Investigation". Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16162/.

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Many recent developments in education theory and the field of disaster management have left the meaning of public education as applied in the disaster management field fraught with uncertainty. This thesis addresses this uncertainty via a phenomenographic research study that sheds light on the meaning of public education, despite such uncertainty, by revealing a discrete number of qualitatively different ways in which disaster managers and disaster educators experience and understand public education. Transcriptions of interviews of 25 such senior Australian disaster managers and educators were analysed using phenomenographic methods and revealed a set of discrete, parsimonious and qualitatively different ways of experiencing public education. The referential component of the different ways of experiencing was revealed within ten emergent categories of description for public education: (i) a non-effective process; (ii) a way of managing a public issue; (iii) promoting an issue; (iv) issuing expert instructions; (v) changing individuals; (vi) strategic teaching and training; (vii) collaborative partnerships; (viii) empowering learners to make informed decisions; (ix) negotiation; and (x) element in societal learning. The structural component of the emergent ways of experiencing public education was presented in the form of a phenomenographic outcome space. Linkages between these findings about public education and current literature were made. The results suggested multiple ways to improve public education within the disaster management community and more widely. The need for clarity in communication amongst educators and professionals in regard to public education was confirmed by the research findings. Insights into phenomenography and education were included within the discussion.

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Wong, Kit Mei. "Early childhood art education in Hong Kong : a phenomenographic study". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16334/1/Kit_Mei_Wong_Thesis.pdf.

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This study was a phenomenographic inquiry into arts education in early childhood. Through the use of this interpretative approach, the study was an inquiry into the internal relationship between human experience and the world environment, based on the core assumption that there is variation in the ways in which people experience the same phenomenon. Drawing on the work of Pramling and other phenomenographers, the study identified and compared the conceptions of art in young children and their teachers. Twenty-seven young children, aged 5 to 6, studying in the same class in a Hong Kong preschool participated in this study with their two class teachers. Semi-structured interviews were used and the children were asked to describe art experiences in their preschool learning environment. The two teachers working with this group of children were interviewed separately, for their views on their art teaching practices. Through a process of comparing and contrasting themes emergent in the transcriptions, children's conceptions of their art experiences fell into five categories: (1) Art is Human Nature, (2) Art is a Task, (3) Art is a Process, (4) Art is a Product, and (5) Art is Mystery. Teachers' responses fell into two categories: (1) Art is Human Nature, and (2) Art is a Task. A conclusion of the study was that the conceptions of art in children formed at an early age are broad and complex. Comparison of the conceptions between the young children and their teachers indicated that there were some similarities but also mismatches. The children had a broader perspective than their teachers and they were sensitive to the teachers' conceptions. The teachers and the children shared the conceptions of art as being part of human nature and art as a task, although their variations differed. In addition, the children demonstrated that they had further conceptions of art -- that it was a social process, and that the product was important and valued. Finally, analysis of the data also showed that the children had a conception of art as a mystery, holding contradictory elements together in a tension, where art was important but also a chore. Research studies into how young children understand and conceive their early experiences with art learning, and how their teachers perceive preschool art education and its practice, are limited. In documenting the views of both the teachers and the children, this study contributes to an understanding of arts education in a preschool context, by exposing the young children's perspectives. Possibilities for improving arts pedagogy are considered, and new questions are emerged. The study also illustrated how a phenomenographic approach could be used in the field of art education and early childhood education. Recommendations for further research arising from the study include: using phenomenography to study young children's conceptions of other arts experiences (e.g. music, dance, drama); replication of the study with young children of different age groups and cultural backgrounds; longitudinal studies of children's conceptions of art throughout their schooling programme; and detailed examination of the conceptions of art in early childhood student teachers before, during and after their training.

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Wong, Kit Mei. "Early childhood art education in Hong Kong : a phenomenographic study". Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16334/.

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This study was a phenomenographic inquiry into arts education in early childhood. Through the use of this interpretative approach, the study was an inquiry into the internal relationship between human experience and the world environment, based on the core assumption that there is variation in the ways in which people experience the same phenomenon. Drawing on the work of Pramling and other phenomenographers, the study identified and compared the conceptions of art in young children and their teachers. Twenty-seven young children, aged 5 to 6, studying in the same class in a Hong Kong preschool participated in this study with their two class teachers. Semi-structured interviews were used and the children were asked to describe art experiences in their preschool learning environment. The two teachers working with this group of children were interviewed separately, for their views on their art teaching practices. Through a process of comparing and contrasting themes emergent in the transcriptions, children's conceptions of their art experiences fell into five categories: (1) Art is Human Nature, (2) Art is a Task, (3) Art is a Process, (4) Art is a Product, and (5) Art is Mystery. Teachers' responses fell into two categories: (1) Art is Human Nature, and (2) Art is a Task. A conclusion of the study was that the conceptions of art in children formed at an early age are broad and complex. Comparison of the conceptions between the young children and their teachers indicated that there were some similarities but also mismatches. The children had a broader perspective than their teachers and they were sensitive to the teachers' conceptions. The teachers and the children shared the conceptions of art as being part of human nature and art as a task, although their variations differed. In addition, the children demonstrated that they had further conceptions of art -- that it was a social process, and that the product was important and valued. Finally, analysis of the data also showed that the children had a conception of art as a mystery, holding contradictory elements together in a tension, where art was important but also a chore. Research studies into how young children understand and conceive their early experiences with art learning, and how their teachers perceive preschool art education and its practice, are limited. In documenting the views of both the teachers and the children, this study contributes to an understanding of arts education in a preschool context, by exposing the young children's perspectives. Possibilities for improving arts pedagogy are considered, and new questions are emerged. The study also illustrated how a phenomenographic approach could be used in the field of art education and early childhood education. Recommendations for further research arising from the study include: using phenomenography to study young children's conceptions of other arts experiences (e.g. music, dance, drama); replication of the study with young children of different age groups and cultural backgrounds; longitudinal studies of children's conceptions of art throughout their schooling programme; and detailed examination of the conceptions of art in early childhood student teachers before, during and after their training.

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Griggs, Lindy, of Western Sydney Nepean University i Faculty of Education. "Dilemmas and discernment : towards a phenomenography of the experience of hosting in the curricula of student exchange programs". THESIS_FE_XXX_Griggs_L.xml, 2000. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/617.

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The focus of this research is the learning of host families participating in the curricula of student exchange programs. The role of the host family is central to the exchange event, but hosting is often a problematic experience during which the host family faces may dilemmas. The research substantiates the relevance of family systems theory in relation to the host family and positions the host family in an intercultural context. Phenomenographic techniques are used to describe the different ways of experiencing a hosting event and to account for how these ways occur. The phenomenon of Hosting is described by the conception of Synergy. A Spectrum of Experience, rather than a hierarchy, is defined by the four components of :fit, responsibility, investment and learning. Host family dilemmas and discernment are related to prior experience of hosting and the Synergy between expectations and learning outcomes. Intercultural learning in a hosting event is identified as participants' understanding of themselves, the process of hosting, communication skills and an appreciation of cultural heritage. Host family expectations have an impact before, during and after the hosting event while realistic expectations recognise the potential for learning moments as well as the contribution that conflicts, confrontations and challenges make to learning and growth in an intercultural context. Best preparation and best practice for host family participation involves an understanding of experiential learning, training program design and strategies for ongoing support systems
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Leypoldt, Laura Sophia. "Are We Using the Practitioner Community’s Potential for Collective Reflection? A Phenomenography of Participatory Video Theories of Practice". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-100247.

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This thesis systematically captures participatory video practitioners’ reflections on their role to examine variations in practitioners’ conceptions of participatory video practice by examining the internal coherence and collective learning interaction of the community of practitioners. This is a relevant area of research in the field of development studies because it stimulates reflection and helps the evaluation of prevailing participatory development approaches, allowing for collective practice improvement, maximizing potentials, and minimizing risks. Participatory video (PV) is a facilitated group process of media production. The interest in, funding for and number of PV projects in development is growing, due to its celebrated ideological potential to bring social change, to identify community needs and empower marginalized groups. However, the mainstreaming of participatory approaches to development has triggered a wave of admonitions about ethical, institutional, and personal challenges that these contain. In its wake has a previously uncritical focus on PV’s potentials recently led a group of scholar practitioners to engage in reflecting on their ideology, practice realities and tensions in their role. The thesis contributes original knowledge to the scholarly discourse by collectivizing information on a wider group of PV practitioners. The research drew on existing scholarly work abductively to develop an interview guide, then qualitative data was first collected in semi-structured interviews to gain a fine-grained view on the practitioner community’s reflections. In a second phase of primary data collection, practitioners were given the opportunity to collectively discuss the preliminary findings in an online workshop. The research uses a phenomenographic categorization to group practitioners’ conceptualizations and Wenger’s community of practice concept (1998) as analytical framework. It finds five distinctive practitioner roles; the Activists, Collaborators, Educators, Organizers and Safe-keepers which emphasize different parts of practice to different extents. It further finds that a community of practice does not exist between PV practitioners due to both a lack of quantity and quality of interaction and significant divisions between practitioner subgroups and gives recommendations on how to enhance mutual learning and collective reflection in the future.

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Griggs, Lindy. "Dilemmas and discernment : towards a phenomenography of the experience of hosting in the curricula of student exchange programs". Thesis, [Bankstown, N.S.W.] : Faculty of Education, University of Western Sydney, Nepean, 2000. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/617.

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The focus of this research is the learning of host families participating in the curricula of student exchange programs. The role of the host family is central to the exchange event, but hosting is often a problematic experience during which the host family faces may dilemmas. The research substantiates the relevance of family systems theory in relation to the host family and positions the host family in an intercultural context. Phenomenographic techniques are used to describe the different ways of experiencing a hosting event and to account for how these ways occur. The phenomenon of Hosting is described by the conception of Synergy. A Spectrum of Experience, rather than a hierarchy, is defined by the four components of :fit, responsibility, investment and learning. Host family dilemmas and discernment are related to prior experience of hosting and the Synergy between expectations and learning outcomes. Intercultural learning in a hosting event is identified as participants' understanding of themselves, the process of hosting, communication skills and an appreciation of cultural heritage. Host family expectations have an impact before, during and after the hosting event while realistic expectations recognise the potential for learning moments as well as the contribution that conflicts, confrontations and challenges make to learning and growth in an intercultural context. Best preparation and best practice for host family participation involves an understanding of experiential learning, training program design and strategies for ongoing support systems

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Griggs, Lindy. "Dilemmas and discernment : towards a phenomenography of the experience of hosting in the curricula of student exchange programs /". [Bankstown, N.S.W.] : Faculty of Education, University of Western Sydney, Nepean, 2000. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030513.101718/index.html.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, Nepean, 2000.
"Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Faculty of Education, University of Western Sydney, Nepean." "June 2000" Bibliography: leaves 276 - 302.

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Noble, Karen. "Early childhood education and care : parent conceptions of ECEC services and choice of services". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16112/1/Karen_Noble_Thesis.pdf.

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This study details a phenomenographic and grounded theory investigation aimed at generating new knowledge of an under-researched area, namely that of parental choice of early childhood education and care services. Given the complexity and range of choice of early childhood services, and the diversity of family situations, research eliciting parent conceptions of their choices of early childhood services is both necessary and timely. Findings from this study may be used to inform early childhood professionals by expanding their awareness of the variation that exists in the way that parents conceptualise early childhood services and make choices for young children. This study addresses both the dilemmas of individual parents in conceptualising and choosing services for their children and the implications of their individual decisions in aggregate. Single in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 parents from the local area of Boyne Island, Central Queensland, Australia. The sample of parents comprised mothers only, although mothers and fathers were invited initially to join the study. The parents were drawn from the four local early childhood education and care (ECEC) services that operate in this area. In the first stage of the analysis, a phenomenographic framework was used to develop an outcome space to describe the eight parent conceptions of ECEC services. These categories describe the way parents see ECEC services as: Demographically convenient, Safe, secure and hygienic, Providing a routine, Caring and nurturing, Having trained and qualified staff, Valuing parents and keeping them informed, Preparing for further learning, Providing socialisation. These eight categories of description are understood and distinguished in terms of three dimensions, those being physical, personnel and personal. The physical dimension refers to the location and availability of services catering to the needs of the family. The personnel dimension refers to how ECEC services are judged according to the personnel who work within that environment. The personal dimension refers to how the ECEC service is judged according to how the individual children and their family are catered for and responded to within the environment. In the second stage of analysis, an orthodox grounded theory approach was used to explore how parents understood their choice of ECEC services for their young children. This later analysis found that parent choice is influenced by: Relationship with child; Influence of significant others; Understandings of childhood; Maximising the child's potential. The grounded theory that developed as a result of this stage of analysis was that parents make complex and pragmatic choices within social contexts. An understanding of the relationships between parent conceptions and the influences that they consider when choosing ECEC services was used to develop a model. This model demonstrates the complexities of choice of service juxtaposed with parent conceptions of ECEC services. Tensions for parents and their choice of service arose when their conceptions of ECEC services were compromised. Therefore, central to the model presented is the understanding that the ECEC services were located within a specific societal context and as such, any one, or combination of, the dimensions of conceptions of service, impact upon choice.

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Noble, Karen. "Early childhood education and care : parent conceptions of ECEC services and choice of services". Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16112/.

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This study details a phenomenographic and grounded theory investigation aimed at generating new knowledge of an under-researched area, namely that of parental choice of early childhood education and care services. Given the complexity and range of choice of early childhood services, and the diversity of family situations, research eliciting parent conceptions of their choices of early childhood services is both necessary and timely. Findings from this study may be used to inform early childhood professionals by expanding their awareness of the variation that exists in the way that parents conceptualise early childhood services and make choices for young children. This study addresses both the dilemmas of individual parents in conceptualising and choosing services for their children and the implications of their individual decisions in aggregate. Single in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 parents from the local area of Boyne Island, Central Queensland, Australia. The sample of parents comprised mothers only, although mothers and fathers were invited initially to join the study. The parents were drawn from the four local early childhood education and care (ECEC) services that operate in this area. In the first stage of the analysis, a phenomenographic framework was used to develop an outcome space to describe the eight parent conceptions of ECEC services. These categories describe the way parents see ECEC services as: Demographically convenient, Safe, secure and hygienic, Providing a routine, Caring and nurturing, Having trained and qualified staff, Valuing parents and keeping them informed, Preparing for further learning, Providing socialisation. These eight categories of description are understood and distinguished in terms of three dimensions, those being physical, personnel and personal. The physical dimension refers to the location and availability of services catering to the needs of the family. The personnel dimension refers to how ECEC services are judged according to the personnel who work within that environment. The personal dimension refers to how the ECEC service is judged according to how the individual children and their family are catered for and responded to within the environment. In the second stage of analysis, an orthodox grounded theory approach was used to explore how parents understood their choice of ECEC services for their young children. This later analysis found that parent choice is influenced by: Relationship with child; Influence of significant others; Understandings of childhood; Maximising the child's potential. The grounded theory that developed as a result of this stage of analysis was that parents make complex and pragmatic choices within social contexts. An understanding of the relationships between parent conceptions and the influences that they consider when choosing ECEC services was used to develop a model. This model demonstrates the complexities of choice of service juxtaposed with parent conceptions of ECEC services. Tensions for parents and their choice of service arose when their conceptions of ECEC services were compromised. Therefore, central to the model presented is the understanding that the ECEC services were located within a specific societal context and as such, any one, or combination of, the dimensions of conceptions of service, impact upon choice.

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Sharman, Ian James. "Life drawing : to what extent might exploiting design epistemologies within an inquisitive graphic practice reveal graphic design undergraduates' experiences and understandings of the contingent and multi-contextual nature of employability?" Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31207.

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This research was designed to elicit insights from the implausibly-hushed stakeholders of graduate employability - current undergraduates. (Johnston, 2003; Moreau and Leathwood, 2006; Tymon, 2013). It is argued that previous rare attempts to probe students about employability have utilised methods, frameworks and/ or language that reflect dominant discourses of employability, so encouraging capitulation to existing perspectives; and have focussed mainly on alumni rather than current undergraduates. It is hypothesised that graphic elicitation is an apt data capture practice by reflecting the epistemologies and practice of its thirty-seven final-year graphic design undergraduate respondents at eight art and design institutes across the United Kingdom. My version of graphic elicitation was theatricalised through large sign-writing pens on expansive golden 'safety' blankets, emphasising to respondents both the process and the artefacts of production. The analytical framework was phenomenography, selected for its claim to reveal the range of experiences that respondents have of a target phenomenon (Åkerlind, 2012). This contrasts with other qualitative frameworks that focus on finding commonalities of experience. The multi-step, iterative analysis led to several phenomenographic outcome spaces, elaborating the extent of ways that undergraduates experience and perceive the construct of employability within their education and beyond. The outcomes were incorporated to an interactive interface to address a key criticism of phenomenography - that individuals' conceptions are forsaken by its reductive practice (Säljö, 1997). This element of my practice is proof of concept of an interactive phenomenographic outcome space, in which the categories of the outcome space can be drilled-down to associated underlying conceptions. The thesis describes the reason for, and elaborates, my inquisitive graphic practice with students, and discusses the outcomes. The accompanying praxis document supports the telling, from production of graphic artefact, via photographic recording of the artefacts and iterative analysis, to the phenomenographic outcome spaces and interface. The thesis concludes with an elaboration of what has been revealed, and what might be elaborated by subsequent practice.

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Petocz, Peter. "Heritage and Sustainability in Early Music". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20185.

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This thesis is an investigation of the ways in which musicians, and particularly those in the area of early music, view and interact with the notion of sustainability. Current discussion of sustainability highlights growing environmental problems and their related social and economic dimensions, but a fourth aspect – the cultural – is particularly relevant in music. Every discipline, including music, has a responsibility to contribute towards solutions to such problems. Previous work carried out by the author and colleagues in a variety of academic disciplines resulted in the identification of a three-level model of conceptions of sustainability. An examination of the literature that conjoins music and sustainability reveals that the model is applicable in the field of music and that the great majority of the writings are based in ethnomusicology and the related developing field of ecomusicology. There is to date no explicit consideration of sustainability in the area of early music, an absence that is redressed in this thesis. Examples are given to illustrate engagement with sustainability in early music at each level of the model of conceptions of sustainability. In these examples, the link between early music and sustainability is identified and brought to the foreground. The research thus provides a basis for discussion of the possible role of music, and particularly early music, in engaging with problems of sustainability in all their variety.

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Stoodley, Ian D. "IT professionals' experience of ethics and its implications for IT education". Queensland University of Technology, 2009. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/26105/.

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This study investigates variation in IT professionals' experience of ethics with a view to enhancing their formation and support. This is explored through an examination of the experience of IT, IT professional ethics and IT professional ethics education. The study's principal contribution is the empirical study and description of IT professionals' experience of ethics. The empirical phase is preceded by a review of conceptions of IT and followed by an application of the findings to IT education. The study's empirical findings are based on 30 semi-structured interviews with IT professionals who represent a wide demographic, experience and IT sub-discipline range. Their experience of ethics is depicted as five citizenships: Citizenship of my world, Citizenship of the corporate world, Citizenship of a shared world, Citizenship of the client's world and Citizenship of the wider world. These signify an expanding awareness, which progressively accords rights to others and defines responsibility in terms of others. The empirical findings inform a Model of Ethical IT. This maps an IT professional space increasingly oriented towards others. Such a model provides a conceptual tool, available to prompt discussion and reflection, and which may be employed in pursuing formation aimed at experiential change. Its usefulness for the education of IT professionals with respect to ethics is explored. The research approach employed in this study is phenomenography. This method seeks to elicit and represent variation of experience. It understands experience as a relationship between a subject (IT professionals) and an object (ethics), and describes this relationship in terms of its foci and boundaries. The study's findings culminate in three observations, that change is indicated in the formation and support of IT professionals in: 1. IT professionals' experience of their discipline, moving towards a focus on information users; 2. IT professionals' experience of professional ethics, moving towards the adoption of other-centred attitudes; and 3. IT professionals' experience of professional development, moving towards an emphasis on a change in lived experience. Based on these results, employers, educators and professional bodies may want to evaluate how they approach professional formation and support, if they aim to promote a comprehensive awareness of ethics in IT professionals.

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Yates, Christine Lee. "Informed for health : exploring variation in ways of experiencing health information literacy". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/65354/1/Christine_Yates_Thesis.pdf.

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This research was a qualitative study that explored the experience of health information literacy. It used a research approach that emphasised identifying and describing variation in experience to investigate people's experience of using information to learn about health, and what they experienced as information for learning about health. The study's findings identified seven categories that represented qualitatively different ways in which people experienced health information literacy, and provide new knowledge about people's engagement with health information for learning in everyday life. The study contributes to consumer health information research and is significant to the disciplines of health and information science.

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Horrocks, Peter. "Preparing Australian paramedics for effective health disaster response: Identifying core competency and a phenomenographic examination of current disaster response education". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/202714/1/Peter_Horrocks_Thesis.pdf.

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The education and training of paramedics in disaster response is an essential part of preparedness within the disaster management cycle. While it is clear that disaster and major incident capabilities may differ depending on location, disasters in any state of Australia can potentially require a national response. As such, those paramedics responding to these events should have the same standardised core knowledge, competency and alibility. This project utilised a convergent mixed-method approach to analyse four discrete studies designed to examine the current state of disaster response education for Australian first responder paramedics and to make recommendations for future improvement.

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Gillrell, Charlotte. "Scientific approach in clinical placement in nursing education -Phenomenographic study". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25194.

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Gillrell, C. Vetenskapligt förhållningssätt i verksamhetsförlagd-sjuksköterskeutbildning. Fenomenografisk studie. Examensarbete i omvårdnad 15 högskolepoäng. Malmö högskola: Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle, Institutionen för Vårdvetenskap, 2015.Det är en utmaning för sjuksköterskestudenten att identifiera omvårdnadsbehov hos en patient. Aktuell studie har fokuserat på vad den handledande sjuksköterskan uppfattar vara centralt i ett vetenskapligt förhållningssätt i omvårdnadsarbetet och hur fenomenet förmedlas till sjuksköterskestudenter. Resultatet visade variation i syftet med ett vetenskapligt förhållningssätt. En del handledare uppfattade att syftet med fenomenet var att identifiera omvårdnadsbehov, andra menade att syftet var att utföra omvårdnad flexibelt utifrån faktakunskap och vad som var det bästa för patienten. Starkast stöd för målet med ett vetenskapligt förhållningssätt i omvårdnadsarbetet var att ge den bästa och säkraste vården för specifik patient. Fenomenet vetenskapligt förhållningssätt kunde förmedlas om den verksamhetsförlagda utbildningen gavs tid, utrymme och hade strukturerade läraktiviteter samt reflektion i handling, och på handling.
Gillrell, C. Scientific approach in clinical placement in nursing education. A phenomenographic study. Degree project in Care Science 15 credits. Malmö University: Faculty of health and society, Department of Care Science, 2015.It is a challenge for nursing students to identify the care needs of a patient. Current study has focused what the supervising nurse perceived to be the center of a scientific approach in nursing and how the phenomenon was communicated to the nursing students. The results showed variation in the purpose of a scientific approach. Some supervisors perceived that the purpose of the phenomenon was to identify care needs, others meant that the aim was to carry out nursing flexible based on factual knowledge and what was best for the patient. The strongest support for the goal of a scientific approach in nursing work was to provide the best and safest care for a specific patient. The phenomenon of scientific approach could be communicated, in the clinical placement, if given the time and space, and if the student had structured learning activities and reflection in action, and on action.

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Källström, Ulrica. "Arbeta med åtgärdsprogram : Två lärares uppfattningar om arbetet med åtgärdsprogram". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Estetisk-filosofiska fakulteten, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-13623.

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The aim of this study is to describe the variation in two teachers perceptions of their work with individual developments. The study begins with a review of the Swedish National Agency for Education’s guidelines for working with individual developments. With this I want to give the reader an insight into the teachers working conditions and the responsibilities the school authorities have against their students. Using phenomenography, I have examined the differences between two mathematic teacher’s perceptions in working with individual developments for student’s in need of special education. My questions are: How do mathemathic teachers perceive their work with individual developments? What support and what information do the teacher’s feel that they have been given in order to use individual developments as a tool? How do the teachers perceive that their work situation has influenced their work with individual developments? The two teachers I have interviewed showed different perceptions both in how they understood the guidelines for working with individual developments and how they chose to work with them. My conclusion is that the work situation and further education are those things that the most affects the perceptions of working with individual developments. The different working conditions of the teachers affect how they formulate the individual developments and how they use them as tools. Knowledge and teamwork are the key words in order to work succesfully with individual developments. Didactic knowledge is needed to determine which teaching materials that are useful and really helps the student. Teachers need support when introducing new reforms and when working with all the documentation. A good action plan is neccessary for students in need of special education and collaboration between everyone involved in the student's school situation. The main issue we have is to resolve how we can help teachers manage their teaching situation so they can respond to all students based on each student's unique needs. Keywords: Individual development Phenomenography Special support
Studiens syfte är att beskriva variationen i två lärares uppfattningar om åtgärdsprogram. Arbetet inleds med en genomgång av Skolverkets riktlinjer för arbete med åtgärdsprogram. Detta för att ge läsaren en inblick i de förutsättningar som lärarna har och vilka skyldigheter skolverksamheten har gentemot eleverna. Med hjälp av fenomenografin har jag undersökt vad som skiljer två matematiklärares uppfattningar åt i arbetet med åtgärdsprogram. Mina frågeställningar är: Hur uppfattar matematiklärare arbetet med åtgärdsprogram? Vilket stöd och vilken information uppfattar lärarna att de fått för att kunna använda åtgärdsprogrammen som ett redskap? Hur uppfattar lärarna att deras arbetssituation påverkat arbetet med åtgärdsprogrammen? De två lärare jag har intervjuat visar på skilda uppfattningar både i hur de uppfattat riktlinjerna kring arbetet med åtgärdsprogram samt hur de valt att arbeta med åtgärdsprogram. Min slutsats är att arbetssituationen och fortbildning är det som mest påverkar uppfattningen om åtgärdsprogram. Lärarnas olika förutsättningar påverkar hur de utformar åtgärdsprogrammen och hur de sedan använder dem som arbetsredskap. Kunskap och samarbete är nyckelorden för att lyckas med åtgärdsprogram. Didaktiska kunskaper behövs för att kunna avgöra vilka pedagogiska hjälpmedel som är användbara och verkligen hjälper eleven. Lärare behöver stöd vid införandet av nya reformer och i arbetet med all dokumentation. Det behövs en bra handlingsplan för elever i behov av särskilt stöd och ett samarbete mellan alla som är inblandade i elevens skolsituation. Den viktigaste frågan vi har att lösa är hur vi kan hjälpa lärare att klara sin undervisningssituation så de kan bemöta alla elever utifrån varje elevs unika behov. Nyckelord: Åtgärdsprogram Fenomenografi Särskilt stöd

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Bäckström, Inger. "Organisering, matematiskt innehåll och feedback i specialundervisning : En kvalitativ fallstudie av några specialpedagogers matematikundervisning". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad utbildningsvetenskap, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-61756.

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Sammanfattning Detta är en kvalitativ fallstudie av fem specialpedagogers arbete med specialundervisning i matematik. Syftet är att kartlägga deras arbete och uppfattningar genom att beskriva och analysera hur de organiserar sin undervisning i matematik, hur de undervisar ämnesinnehållet och hur de ger feedback till eleverna i klassrummet, samt hur de själva beskriver det de uppfattar som det specialpedagogiska inslaget i sin undervisning. För insamling av empirin har en kvalitativ metod med halvstrukturerade djupintervjuer samt observationer i form av ljudinspelningar och ostrukturerade fältanteckningar under lektioner gjorts. Ramfaktorteorier, fenomenografiska teorier, inlärningsteorier samt fallstudien, har styrt mitt sätt att bearbeta och analysera det empiriska materialet. Resultatet visar att det lärande som erbjuds eleverna av fyra av specialpedagogerna bidrar till ett ytinriktat lärande, och feedback som erbjuds bidrar till yttre motivation. Det specialpedagogiska inslaget anser de vara att se människan bakom ett beteende, att ha en positiv förväntan, att utgå från barnet, att vara personlig, att tycka om eleverna och att vara konkret i undervisningen. Den femte pedagogen erbjuder ett djupinriktat lärande och erbjuder ett arbetssätt under lektionerna som skapar vilja och motivation att lära sig. Det specialpedagogiska inslaget anser hon vara att ta reda på var eleven befinner sig kunskapsmässigt och utgå därifrån så eleven har möjlighet att förstå det den inte har förstått.
Summary This is a qualitative case study of five special educators work with special education in mathematics. The aim is to identify their work and ideas by describing and analyzing how they organize their teaching of mathematics, how they teach the subject matter, how they give feedback to students in the classroom, how they describe what they perceive to be the special education component of their teaching. For the collection of empirical data, a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews and observations in the form of audio recordings and unstructured field notes during classes was used. Frame factor theory, phenomenographic theory, learning theories and case study have leaded me through the way of processing and analyzing the empirical material. Results show that the learning that four of the special educators offer the students contributes to a surface approach to learning, and the feedback they offer contributes to external motivation. The special education components they say are important: to see the person behind a behavior, have positive expectations, let the teaching be based on the child’s experience, to be personal, to like the students and to be concrete in teaching. The fifth special educator offers the students a contribution to deep approach to learning and she offers a way to work at the lessons that creates motivation and willingness to learn. The special education component she thinks is important is to find out what knowledge the child has, and work from there so the child has the possibility to understand what he or she hasn’t understood.

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Grant, Penelope. "Att undervisa i läsförståelse : En studie om lärares uppfattningar om läsförståelseutveckling och läsförståelseundervisning". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för beteendevetenskap och lärande, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119030.

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Studien syftar till att undersöka lärares uppfattningar om läsförståelseutveckling och om hur läsförståelseundervisning. Det är en kvalitativ studie inspirerad av fenomenografisk metodansats med halvstrukturerade intervjuer som datainamlingsmetod. Resultatet visar att det finns en variation i lärares uppfattningar om vad som utvecklar läsförståelse och hur läsförståelseundervisning ska genomföras. Det som framkommer i intervjuerna med pedagogerna är att de flesta vill och försöker arbeta medvetet med sin läsförståelseundervisning men att det till stor del förekommer mest implicit undervisning. Resultatet påvisar en tendens till att eleverna blir sittande att genomföra uppgifter på egen hand eller i par och pedagogen blir instruktionsgivare och kontrollant istället för undervisare och övervakare av elevernas läsning. Det finns även en risk att de läsare som inte har några svårigheter inte får möjlighet att utveckla sin läsförståelse utan att fokus endast blir på de elever som är svaga läsare.

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Smith, Courtney Shaleah. "The Intersecting Perspective: African American Female Experiences with Faculty Mentoring in Undergraduate Engineering". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56490.

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The value of diversity in the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) fields has long been a leading topic of discussion among campus administrators and government officials. However, the number of African American women in STEM, and the engineering field in particular, has seen little growth over the past twenty years. To change this trend, there must be enhanced efforts to provide an environment and resources to support the retention of these women, and mentoring can play a key role. To gain a better understanding of the mentoring needs of these women, this research investigates the mentoring experiences of 16 current senior African American female engineering students. What is clear is that African American women have a unique set of experiences based on the multiple sets of identity groups that they claim membership in. Intersectionality emphasizes the implications of the multiplication of these identities and how that multiplication impacts experiences. This research, addresses the intersection by exploring faculty mentoring relationships, with particular focus on the implications of having a matched (same race and gender) or an unmatched mentor. Current research is inconsistent on the benefits of each type. Using phenomenography, this investigation of the various aspects of mentoring relationships that are salient to 16 African American women in engineering uncovered seven categories of mentoring: Guide, Proactive Supporter, Reactive Listener, Nurturer, Just in Time, Caring, and Role Model. Variation across these mentoring categories were reflected in the mentoring aspects that participants perceived. This set of interpersonal (listen, invested, and shared experience) and professional (development, opportunity, advice, and example) aspects depicted a set of mentoring types that varied in comprehensiveness. Additionally, variation in the race and gender of each mentor across each category suggested some trends surrounding the mentor characteristics that most frequently provided certain aspects. However, all of the categories that emerged were perceived to be effective. It is desired that the results of this research will impact the ways in which faculty understand the needs of African American women in engineering.
Ph. D.

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González, Carlos. "University Teachers’ Experiences of Teaching in Blended Learning Environments". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6401.

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This research is about university teachers’ experiences of teaching in blended learning environments. In recent years, this type of environments has become increasingly common. Universities have realised the value of the incorporation of eLearning, making teaching more professional and offering higher quality learning experiences. At the same time, pressures from students, who use online resources for many of their everyday activities, and employers, who want future professionals to be skilled information technology users, have also promoted the up-take of eLearning. In this context, the present research took a relational approach to investigate what university teachers think eLearning is good for in their teaching, how they approach teaching when eLearning is involved, and how their perception of the teaching situation affects the use of eLearning. Associations between these elements were also explored. The research had a qualitative and a quantitative stage. In the qualitative stage, 18 university teachers, coming from two research-intensive Australian universities were interviewed. This stage focused on conceptions, approaches and perceptions of the teaching situation; both considering teaching in face-to-face settings and using eLearning. In the quantitative stage, 86 university teachers answered a web-based survey. Three questionnaires were used to explore associations between approaches and perceptions: the ‘approaches to teaching’ inventory, the ‘perception of the teaching situation’ questionnaire, and the ‘approaches to teaching using eLearning’ questionnaire. The last one was developed from the results of the qualitative stage of this research. Results showed that conceptions of teaching ranged from being focused on content and information to being focused on learning and the student. Conceptions of teaching using eLearning showed variation from being focused on information to being focused on communication and collaboration. Conceptions of blended teaching were proposed to emerge from associations between conceptions of teaching and conceptions of teaching using eLearning. In relation to approaches, results showed that approaches to teaching ranged from being focused on content and the teacher to being focused on learning and the student. Approaches to teaching using eLearning varied from being focused on transmission of information to being focused on communication and collaboration. As in the case of conceptions, approaches to blended teaching were also claimed to emerge from associations between approaches to teaching and approaches to teaching using eLearning. Regarding elements influencing teaching, seven factors emerged in relation to approaches to teaching using eLearning: ‘control of teaching’, ‘institutional strategy’, ‘technical support’, ‘pedagogical support’, ‘amount of time needed’, ‘teacher’s skills for eLearning’ and ‘students’ ability and willingness to using eLearning’. Factors influencing teachers’ general perception of their teaching situation were ‘control of teaching’, ‘institutional support’ and ‘students’ characteristics’. Associations between conceptions, approaches and perceptions were explored through ‘teaching profiles’ and ‘orchestrations’ Teaching profiles referred to systematic associations between conceptions and approaches to teaching in face-to-face and online teaching. Three blended teaching profiles emerged: ‘systematically information focused’, ‘dissonant’ (with 5 variations) and ‘systematically learning focused’. Blended teaching profiles associated with perceptions of the teaching situation and teachers’ characteristics led to ‘teaching orchestrations’. Three orchestrations emerged: ‘consonant (information focused) and coherent’, ‘dissonant and coherent’ and ‘consonant (learning focused) and coherent’. Results of the quantitative stage tended to support prior qualitative findings, and also identified ‘incoherent’ associations between approaches to teaching and perceptions of the teaching situation, which had not emerged in the qualitative study. Results of this research were claimed to have practical implications in terms of academic development, the management of teaching and eLearning, and the practice of teaching. In relation to academic development, it was proposed that programs focused on expanding university teachers’ awareness about ways of incorporating eLearning into on-campus education rather than only providing ‘technical’ skills are generated. In relation to management of teaching and eLearning, it was proposed that favourable conditions should be set up for the teachers to perceive they are supported for the incorporation of eLearning into their teaching. Finally, in relation to the practice of teaching, it was proposed that teachers incorporate learning tasks aligned with the communication-collaboration focused approaches to teaching using eLearning, such as blended discussions or knowledge building tasks.

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González, Carlos. "University Teachers’ Experiences of Teaching in Blended Learning Environments". University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6401.

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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
This research is about university teachers’ experiences of teaching in blended learning environments. In recent years, this type of environments has become increasingly common. Universities have realised the value of the incorporation of eLearning, making teaching more professional and offering higher quality learning experiences. At the same time, pressures from students, who use online resources for many of their everyday activities, and employers, who want future professionals to be skilled information technology users, have also promoted the up-take of eLearning. In this context, the present research took a relational approach to investigate what university teachers think eLearning is good for in their teaching, how they approach teaching when eLearning is involved, and how their perception of the teaching situation affects the use of eLearning. Associations between these elements were also explored. The research had a qualitative and a quantitative stage. In the qualitative stage, 18 university teachers, coming from two research-intensive Australian universities were interviewed. This stage focused on conceptions, approaches and perceptions of the teaching situation; both considering teaching in face-to-face settings and using eLearning. In the quantitative stage, 86 university teachers answered a web-based survey. Three questionnaires were used to explore associations between approaches and perceptions: the ‘approaches to teaching’ inventory, the ‘perception of the teaching situation’ questionnaire, and the ‘approaches to teaching using eLearning’ questionnaire. The last one was developed from the results of the qualitative stage of this research. Results showed that conceptions of teaching ranged from being focused on content and information to being focused on learning and the student. Conceptions of teaching using eLearning showed variation from being focused on information to being focused on communication and collaboration. Conceptions of blended teaching were proposed to emerge from associations between conceptions of teaching and conceptions of teaching using eLearning. In relation to approaches, results showed that approaches to teaching ranged from being focused on content and the teacher to being focused on learning and the student. Approaches to teaching using eLearning varied from being focused on transmission of information to being focused on communication and collaboration. As in the case of conceptions, approaches to blended teaching were also claimed to emerge from associations between approaches to teaching and approaches to teaching using eLearning. Regarding elements influencing teaching, seven factors emerged in relation to approaches to teaching using eLearning: ‘control of teaching’, ‘institutional strategy’, ‘technical support’, ‘pedagogical support’, ‘amount of time needed’, ‘teacher’s skills for eLearning’ and ‘students’ ability and willingness to using eLearning’. Factors influencing teachers’ general perception of their teaching situation were ‘control of teaching’, ‘institutional support’ and ‘students’ characteristics’. Associations between conceptions, approaches and perceptions were explored through ‘teaching profiles’ and ‘orchestrations’ Teaching profiles referred to systematic associations between conceptions and approaches to teaching in face-to-face and online teaching. Three blended teaching profiles emerged: ‘systematically information focused’, ‘dissonant’ (with 5 variations) and ‘systematically learning focused’. Blended teaching profiles associated with perceptions of the teaching situation and teachers’ characteristics led to ‘teaching orchestrations’. Three orchestrations emerged: ‘consonant (information focused) and coherent’, ‘dissonant and coherent’ and ‘consonant (learning focused) and coherent’. Results of the quantitative stage tended to support prior qualitative findings, and also identified ‘incoherent’ associations between approaches to teaching and perceptions of the teaching situation, which had not emerged in the qualitative study. Results of this research were claimed to have practical implications in terms of academic development, the management of teaching and eLearning, and the practice of teaching. In relation to academic development, it was proposed that programs focused on expanding university teachers’ awareness about ways of incorporating eLearning into on-campus education rather than only providing ‘technical’ skills are generated. In relation to management of teaching and eLearning, it was proposed that favourable conditions should be set up for the teachers to perceive they are supported for the incorporation of eLearning into their teaching. Finally, in relation to the practice of teaching, it was proposed that teachers incorporate learning tasks aligned with the communication-collaboration focused approaches to teaching using eLearning, such as blended discussions or knowledge building tasks.

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46

Stoodley, Ian D. "IT professionals' experience of ethics and its implications for IT education". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/26105/1/Ian_Stoodley_Thesis.pdf.

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This study investigates variation in IT professionals' experience of ethics with a view to enhancing their formation and support. This is explored through an examination of the experience of IT, IT professional ethics and IT professional ethics education. The study's principal contribution is the empirical study and description of IT professionals' experience of ethics. The empirical phase is preceded by a review of conceptions of IT and followed by an application of the findings to IT education. The study's empirical findings are based on 30 semi-structured interviews with IT professionals who represent a wide demographic, experience and IT sub-discipline range. Their experience of ethics is depicted as five citizenships: Citizenship of my world, Citizenship of the corporate world, Citizenship of a shared world, Citizenship of the client's world and Citizenship of the wider world. These signify an expanding awareness, which progressively accords rights to others and defines responsibility in terms of others. The empirical findings inform a Model of Ethical IT. This maps an IT professional space increasingly oriented towards others. Such a model provides a conceptual tool, available to prompt discussion and reflection, and which may be employed in pursuing formation aimed at experiential change. Its usefulness for the education of IT professionals with respect to ethics is explored. The research approach employed in this study is phenomenography. This method seeks to elicit and represent variation of experience. It understands experience as a relationship between a subject (IT professionals) and an object (ethics), and describes this relationship in terms of its foci and boundaries. The study's findings culminate in three observations, that change is indicated in the formation and support of IT professionals in: 1. IT professionals' experience of their discipline, moving towards a focus on information users; 2. IT professionals' experience of professional ethics, moving towards the adoption of other-centred attitudes; and 3. IT professionals' experience of professional development, moving towards an emphasis on a change in lived experience. Based on these results, employers, educators and professional bodies may want to evaluate how they approach professional formation and support, if they aim to promote a comprehensive awareness of ethics in IT professionals.

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47

Edwards, Sylvia Lauretta. "Panning for gold: influencing the experience of web-based information searching". Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16168/.

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Reporting the findings from a phenomenographic study of students' experiences of web-based information searching, this thesis describes how the identified four conceptions, and their structures of awareness, might influence future information literacy curriculum design and web based resources for academics, librarians, and students. Alongside the reported study in this thesis, the first electronic outcome space is also outlined and presented. This electronic outcome space is an enhancement to ways of presenting phenomenographic study findings. Using a phenomenographic approach, the project aimed to uncover variation in students' experiences of web-based information searching. Data gathering during 2000 - 2003 involved investigations of student diary work, video-filmed searching using a think-aloud protocol, and a series of interviews conducted over several semesters. Incorporating first year, third year, and postgraduate student perspectives, the participants, who were from the Queensland University of Technology, came from six of the eight university faculties. Different cultures, ages and genders were represented. During the interviews the students were asked to describe a recent search experience, and to describe how they learn to search for information using various web-based tools. Careful attention was paid during interviews to asking students to explain their interpretation of key concepts in the subject area. Analysis involved an iterative process of seeking meaning and structure. Amongst the group of students interviewed, four categories of explicit variation were discovered and these have been described drawing largely from the words of the participants. Two categories of implicit variation are also proposed. Each explicit category is presented in terms of referential and structural components constituted in terms of the critical dimensions of variation including focal elements, approaches to learning, and reflective practice. The possibility of implicit categories is proposed based on the findings and on the levels of IT skill amongst participants. The study also sought to explore how this type of research into student learning can influence both the design of learning experiences and academic development resources, particularly in relation to teaching and learning information searching as part of the information literacy agenda. Using the categories of description, which showed the variations in student's web-based information searching experiences, it is hoped that the further research outlined will enlighten attempts to design existing assessment to work more effectively, to bring about desired changes in students' experiences of information searching behaviour. The structure of awareness section of each category has revealed the elements that need to be attended to in re-designing assessment. It is hoped that in modifying assignments it will enable the simultaneous attention of students to the already identified relevant dimensions of the information searching experience.

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48

Edwards, Sylvia L. "Panning for gold: influencing the experience of web-based information searching". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16168/1/Sylvia_Edwards_Thesis.pdf.

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Reporting the findings from a phenomenographic study of students' experiences of web-based information searching, this thesis describes how the identified four conceptions, and their structures of awareness, might influence future information literacy curriculum design and web based resources for academics, librarians, and students. Alongside the reported study in this thesis, the first electronic outcome space is also outlined and presented. This electronic outcome space is an enhancement to ways of presenting phenomenographic study findings. Using a phenomenographic approach, the project aimed to uncover variation in students' experiences of web-based information searching. Data gathering during 2000 - 2003 involved investigations of student diary work, video-filmed searching using a think-aloud protocol, and a series of interviews conducted over several semesters. Incorporating first year, third year, and postgraduate student perspectives, the participants, who were from the Queensland University of Technology, came from six of the eight university faculties. Different cultures, ages and genders were represented. During the interviews the students were asked to describe a recent search experience, and to describe how they learn to search for information using various web-based tools. Careful attention was paid during interviews to asking students to explain their interpretation of key concepts in the subject area. Analysis involved an iterative process of seeking meaning and structure. Amongst the group of students interviewed, four categories of explicit variation were discovered and these have been described drawing largely from the words of the participants. Two categories of implicit variation are also proposed. Each explicit category is presented in terms of referential and structural components constituted in terms of the critical dimensions of variation including focal elements, approaches to learning, and reflective practice. The possibility of implicit categories is proposed based on the findings and on the levels of IT skill amongst participants. The study also sought to explore how this type of research into student learning can influence both the design of learning experiences and academic development resources, particularly in relation to teaching and learning information searching as part of the information literacy agenda. Using the categories of description, which showed the variations in student's web-based information searching experiences, it is hoped that the further research outlined will enlighten attempts to design existing assessment to work more effectively, to bring about desired changes in students' experiences of information searching behaviour. The structure of awareness section of each category has revealed the elements that need to be attended to in re-designing assessment. It is hoped that in modifying assignments it will enable the simultaneous attention of students to the already identified relevant dimensions of the information searching experience.

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49

Wennström, Sofie. "Perspectives on Conceptual Change : An Exploration of the Intentional Context and the Phenomenographic Situation". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-88860.

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Conceptual change is one of the most important influences in modern educational research and this theoretical framework can be used for empirical research aimed at improving our common knowledge about learning as well as developing new theories and practices within the education system. In its very basic meaning, conceptual change can be explained as a person who during the course of the learning experience changes their initial conception of a phenomenon (such as a object or a concept) from one specific point of view to another. The aim of this study is to map out the differences and similarities between two seemingly opposite movements within today’s pedagogical research community. Within phenomenography a constitutionalist approach to learning is used, which means that the conceptions formed by students are considered to be an internal representation of the individual’s interpretation of their own knowledge in relation to their surroundings. The intentional analytical approach suggests that contextualisation is necessary for conceptual change to take place, for the student to be able to interpret the assignment or task at hand and then incorporate that in meaningful activity that will lead to a successful learning process. Both the intentional and the phenomenographic approach agree that it is the meaning of a task that is important in the learning situation, but the differences lie in the ways of distinguishing what this meaning consists of as well as the means of finding out what the meaning is to an individual.
Begreppsutveckling är en av de viktigaste influenserna inom det pedagogiska forskningsområdet. Denna teoretiska inriktning innebär att man genom empirisk forskning studerar lärande och dess kontext. Detta kan sedan bidra till vår kunskap om vad som påverkar lärprocessen samt hur denna skulle kunna användas i utvecklingen av nya didaktiska metoder och verktyg. Begreppsutveckling kan förstås som teorier om hur en individ, genom övning och reflektion ändrar en grundläggande uppfattning om ett fenomen eller objekt från en specifik uppfattning till en annan. I den här litteraturstudien, kommer jag att försöka kartlägga två skilda sätt att anta utmaningen att undersöka hur lärande genom begreppsutveckling kan förstås och tolkas, nämligen fenomenografi och intentionell analys. Fenomenografi är utvecklat med en konstitutionell ansats till lärandet, där man menar att de koncept som individen använder formas genom interna representationer av den egna tolkningen av omgivningen samt hur det egna konceptet relaterar till omgivningen. Intentionell analys å andra sidan menar att begreppsutveckling uppstår när individen kontextualiserar uppgiften genom meningsskapande processer i relation till omgivningen och att detta beskriver lärprocessen. Den gemensamma nämnaren för båda dessa perspektiv är att det är meningsskapandet för individen som är nyckeln till lärandet. Skillnaden mellan dem märks i synen på lärandet i de meningsskapande processerna där man närmar sig betydelsen av denna process som den ter sig för den lärande individen.

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Sendall, Marguerite Claire. "Conceptions of school based youth health nursing : a phenomenographic study". Queensland University of Technology, 2009. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/29653/.

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The School Based Youth Health Nurse Program was established in 1999 by the Queensland Government to fund school nurse positions in Queensland state high schools. Schools were required to apply for a School Based Youth Health Nurse during a five-phase recruitment process, managed by the health districts, and rolled out over four years. The only mandatory selection criterion for the position of School Based Youth Health Nurse was registration as a General Nurse and most School Based Youth Health Nurses are allocated to two state high schools. Currently, there are approximately 115 Full Time Equivalent School Based Youth Health Nurse positions across all Queensland state high schools. The literature review revealed an abundance of information about school nursing. Most of the literature came from the United Kingdom and the United States, who have a different model of school nursing to school based youth health nursing. However, there is literature to suggest school nursing is gradually moving from a disease-focused approach to a social view of health. The noticeable number of articles about, for example, drug and alcohol, mental health, and contemporary sexual health issues, is evidence of this change. Additionally, there is a significant the volume of literature about partnerships and collaboration, much of which is about health education, team teaching and how school nurses and schools do health business together. The surfacing of this literature is a good indication that school nursing is aligning with the broader national health priority areas. More particularly, the literature exposed a small but relevant and current body of research, predominantly from Queensland, about school based youth health nursing. However, there remain significant gaps in the knowledge about school based youth health nursing. In particular, there is a deficit about how School Based Youth Heath Nurses understand the experience of school based youth health nursing. This research aimed to reveal the meaning of the experience of school based youth health nursing. The research question was How do School Based Youth Health Nurses’ understand the experience of school based youth health nursing? This enquiry was instigated because the researcher, who had a positive experience of school based youth health nursing, considered it important to validate other School Based Youth Health Nurses’ experiences. Consequently, a comprehensive use of qualitative research was considered the most appropriate manner to explore this research question. Within this qualitative paradigm, the research framework consists of the epistemology of social constructionism, the theoretical perspective of interpretivism and the approach of phenomenography. After ethical approval was gained, purposeful and snowball sampling was used to recruit a sample of 16 participants. In-depth interviews, which were voluntary, confidential and anonymous, were mostly conducted in public venues and lasted from 40-75 minutes. The researcher also kept a researchers journal as another form of data collection. Data analysis was guided by Dahlgren and Fallsbergs’ (1991, p. 152) seven phases of data analysis which includes familiarization, condensation, comparison, grouping, articulating, labelling and contrasting. The most important finding in this research is the outcome space, which represents the entirety of the experience of school based youth health nursing. The outcome space consists of two components: inside the school environment and outside the school environment. Metaphorically and considered as whole-in-themselves, these two components are not discreet but intertwined with each other. The outcome space consists of eight categories. Each category of description is comprised of several sub-categories of description but as a whole, is a conception of school based youth health nursing. The eight conceptions of school based youth health nursing are: 1. The conception of school based youth health nursing as out there all by yourself. 2. The conception of school based youth health nursing as no real backup. 3. The conception of school based youth health nursing as confronted by many barriers. 4. The conception of school based youth health nursing as hectic and full-on. 5. The conception of school based youth health nursing as working together. 6. The conception of school based youth health nursing as belonging to school. 7. The conception of school based youth health nursing as treated the same as others. 8. The conception of school based youth health nursing as the reason it’s all worthwhile. These eight conceptions of school based youth health nursing are logically related and form a staged hierarchical relationship because they are not equally dependent on each other. The conceptions of school based youth health nursing are grouped according to negative, negative and positive and positive conceptions of school based youth health nursing. The conceptions of school based youth health nursing build on each other, from the bottom upwards, to reach the authorized, or the most desired, conception of school based youth health nursing. This research adds to the knowledge about school nursing in general but especially about school based youth health nursing specifically. Furthermore, this research has operational and strategic implications, highlighted in the negative conceptions of school based youth health nursing, for the School Based Youth Health Nurse Program. The researcher suggests the School Based Youth Health Nurse Program, as a priority, address the operational issues The researcher recommends a range of actions to tackle issues and problems associated with accommodation and information, consultations and referral pathways, confidentiality, health promotion and education, professional development, line management and School Based Youth Health Nurse Program support and school management and community. Strategically, the researcher proposes a variety of actions to address strategic issues, such as the School Based Youth Health Nurse Program vision, model and policy and practice framework, recruitment and retention rates and evaluation. Additionally, the researcher believes the findings of this research have the capacity to spawn a myriad of future research projects. The researcher has identified the most important areas for future research as confidentiality, information, qualifications and health outcomes.

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