Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Petroleum and Biomass

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Petroleum and Biomass”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Petroleum and Biomass"

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Nie, Ming, Qiang Yang, Li-Fen Jiang, Chang-Ming Fang, Jia-Kuan Chen i Bo Li. "Do plants modulate biomass allocation in response to petroleum pollution?" Biology Letters 6, nr 6 (19.05.2010): 811–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0261.

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Biomass allocation is an important plant trait that responds plastically to environmental heterogeneities. However, the effects on this trait of pollutants owing to human activities remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the response of biomass allocation of Phragmites australis to petroleum pollution by a 13 CO 2 pulse-labelling technique. Our data show that plant biomass significantly decreased under petroleum pollution, but the root–shoot ratio for both plant biomass and 13 C increased with increasing petroleum concentration, suggesting that plants could increase biomass allocation to roots in petroleum-polluted soil. Furthermore, assimilated 13 C was found to be significantly higher in soil, microbial biomass and soil respiration after soils were polluted by petroleum. These results suggested that the carbon released from roots is rapidly turned over by soil microbes under petroleum pollution. This study found that plants can modulate biomass allocation in response to petroleum pollution.
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Lucia, Lucian A. "Lignocellulosic biomass: A potential feedstock to replace petroleum". BioResources 3, nr 4 (2008): 981–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.3.4.981-982.

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Sustainability considerations for product and energy production in a future US economy can be met with lignocellulosic biomass. The age of petroleum as the key resource to meet the US economy requirements is rapidly dwindling, given the limited resources of petroleum, the growing global population, and concurrent detrimental effects on environmental safety. The use of natural and renewable feedstocks such as trees and switchgrass is becoming more attractive; indeed, lignocellulosic biomass is becoming a logical alternative to petroleum in light of looming oil shortages, increases in oil prices, and environmental sustainability considerations. This editorial aims at providing a broad overview of the consider-ations for replacing the US petroleum economy with one based on lignocellulosic biomass.
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Nemanova, Vera, Araz Abedini, Truls Liliedahl i Klas Engvall. "Co-gasification of petroleum coke and biomass". Fuel 117 (styczeń 2014): 870–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.09.050.

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Gordadze, G. N., A. R. Poshibaeva, M. V. Giruts, A. A. Perevalova i V. N. Koshelev. "Formation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons from Prokaryote Biomass: 1. Formation of Petroleum Biomarker Hydrocarbons from Thermoplasma sp. Archaea Biomass". Petroleum Chemistry 58, nr 3 (marzec 2018): 186–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s096554411803009x.

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Lai, Shuo-Rong, Shu-Jun Li, Yong-Li Xu, Wen-Yuan Xu i Xian-Quan Zhang. "Preparation, Characterization, and Performance Evaluation of Petroleum Asphalt Modified with Bio-Asphalt Containing Furfural Residue and Waste Cooking Oil". Polymers 14, nr 9 (21.04.2022): 1683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14091683.

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The study aims to analyze the feasibility of proposing waste cooking oil and industrial waste furfural residue as raw materials to prepare bio-asphalt as partial substitutes for petroleum asphalt, so as to reduce the cost of pavement construction and decrease the consumption of non-renewable resources. In this study, 90# petroleum asphalt was partially substituted with the bio-asphalt in different proportions to prepare biomass-modified petroleum asphalt, the performance of which was first evaluated based on three indices: penetration, softening point, and ductility. Comparison of the crystal structures of the bio-asphalt and furfural residue were enabled by X-ray diffraction, and the blending mechanism and microscopic morphologies of the biomass-substituted asphalt mixtures were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the bio-asphalt was hydrophobic and exhibited excellent compatibility with 90# petroleum asphalt. The partial substitution of petroleum asphalt with bio-asphalt improved the low-temperature crack resistance of the asphalt by adversely affecting the high-temperature stability of the asphalt; however, when the bio-asphalt content was 8 wt.%, the performance parameters of the biomass-modified asphalt met the requirements of the 90# petroleum asphalt standard.
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Díaz-Pérez, Manuel Antonio, i Juan Carlos Serrano-Ruiz. "Catalytic Production of Jet Fuels from Biomass". Molecules 25, nr 4 (12.02.2020): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25040802.

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Concerns about depleting fossil fuels and global warming effects are pushing our society to search for new renewable sources of energy with the potential to substitute coal, natural gas, and petroleum. In this sense, biomass, the only renewable source of carbon available on Earth, is the perfect replacement for petroleum in producing renewable fuels. The aviation sector is responsible for a significant fraction of greenhouse gas emissions, and two billion barrels of petroleum are being consumed annually to produce the jet fuels required to transport people and goods around the world. Governments are pushing directives to replace fossil fuel-derived jet fuels with those derived from biomass. The present mini review is aimed to summarize the main technologies available today for converting biomass into liquid hydrocarbon fuels with a molecular weight and structure suitable for being used as aviation fuels. Particular emphasis will be placed on those routes involving heterogeneous catalysts.
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Onishi, Toru, Fumi Ninomiya, Masao Kunioka, Masahiro Funabashi i Keiichi Ohara. "Biomass carbon ratio of polymer composites included biomass or petroleum origin resources". Polymer Degradation and Stability 95, nr 8 (sierpień 2010): 1276–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.03.011.

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Wang, Tianshu, Dongxue Song, Shaojun Zhang, Zhen Zhang i Mingyu Wang. "Adsorption of Petroleum Hydrocarbon by Modified Biomass Carbon". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 598 (25.11.2020): 012104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/598/1/012104.

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София Денисовна, Емельянова,, Гавриленко, Александра Васильевна i Степачёва, Антонина Анатольевна. "CATALYTIC CO-PROCESSING OF BIOMASS COMPONENTS AND PETROLEUM". Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Химия, nr 3(49) (28.10.2022): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtchem2022.3.5.

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На сегодняшний день актуальной проблемой является ограниченность энергетических ресурсов. Другой важной проблемой является накопление крупнотоннажных отходов, большую часть из которых, составляют промышленные отходы. Наиболее привлекательными для переработки представляются углеродсодержащие отходы, в состав которых входит лигнин. Решение двух этих важных проблем - совместная переработка нефтяного сырья и компонентов биомассы. В данной работе было проведено исследование совместной переработки модельных соединений (анизола и тиофена) на различных катализаторах в разных сверхкритических растворителях. Today, an urgent problem is the limited resources. Another important problem is the accumulation of large-tonnage waste, most of which is industrial waste. The most attractive for processing are carbonaceous wastes including lignin. The solution of these two important problems is the combination of oil feedstock and biomass components. In this work, we studied the co-processing of model compounds (anisole and thiophene) using various catalysts and various supercritical solvents.
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Shekhar, Chandra. "Future Fuel: Could Biomass Be the New Petroleum?" Chemistry & Biology 18, nr 10 (październik 2011): 1199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.10.010.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Petroleum and Biomass"

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Ben, Haoxi. "Thermal conversion of biomass and biomass components to biofuels and bio-chemicals". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51738.

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This thesis examined the conversions of biomass and biomass components to petrochemicals and total aliphatic gasoline like products. There are three major projects of the thesis. Since biomass is very complicated, to understand the thermal decomposition pathways of biomass, the pyrolytic behaviors of various biomass components including lignin and cellulose under different reaction were investigated in the first phase. Due to complexity and limited volatility, the thermal decomposition products from biomass bring insurmountable obstacles to the traditional analysis methods such as GC-MS, UV and FT-IR. Therefore, precise characterization of the whole portion of thermal decomposition products has significant impacts on providing insight into the pyrolysis pathways and evaluating the upgrading processes. Various NMR methods to characterize different functional groups presented in liquid and solid pyrolysis products by 1H, 13C, 31P, 2D-HSQC and solid state 13C-NMR were introduced in the second phase. Nevertheless, the major drawback towards commercialization of pyrolysis oils are their challenging properties including poor volatility, high oxygen content, molecular weight, acidity and viscosity, corrosiveness and cold flow problems. In situ upgrading the properties of pyrolysis oils during thermal conversion process by employing zeolites has been discussed in the third phase. The further hydrogenation of pyrolysis oils to total aliphatic gasoline like products by heterogeneous catalysis in “green medium” – water has also been examined in the third project.
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Lewis, Aaron D. "Gasification of Biomass, Coal, and Petroleum Coke at High Heating Rates and Elevated Pressure". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4373.

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Gasification is a process used to convert any carbonaceous species through heterogeneous reaction to obtain the desired gaseous products of H2 and CO which are used to make chemicals, liquid transportation fuels, and power. Both pyrolysis and heterogeneous gasification occur in commercial entrained-flow gasifiers at pressures from 4 to 65 atm with local gas temperatures as high as 2000 °C. Many gasification studies have been performed at moderate temperatures, heating rates, and pressures. In this work, both pyrolysis and char gasification experiments were performed on coal, petroleum coke, and biomass at conditions pertinent to commercial entrained-flow gasifiers. Rapid biomass pyrolysis experiments were performed at atmospheric pressure in an entrained-flow reactor for sawdust, switchgrass, corn stover, and straw mostly using a peak gas temperature of 1163 K at particle residence times ranging from 34 to 113 ms. Biomass pyrolysis was modeled using the Chemical Percolation Devolatilization model assuming that biomass pyrolysis occurs as a weighted average of its individual components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin). Thermal cracking of biomass tar into light gas was included using a first-order model with kinetic parameters regressed in the current study. Char gasification rates were measured for biomass, petroleum coke, and coal in a pressurized entrained-flow reactor at high heating-rate conditions at total pressures between 10 and 15 atm. Peak centerline gas temperatures were between 1611 and 1879 K. The range of particle residence times used in the gasification experiments was 42 to 275 ms. The CO2 gasification rates of biomass and petroleum coke chars were measured at conditions where the reaction environment consisted of approximately 40 and 90 mol% CO2. Steam gasification rates of coal char were measured at conditions where the maximum H2O concentration was 8.6 mol%. Measured data was used to regress apparent kinetic parameters for a first-order model that describes char conversion. The measured char gasification rates were far from the film-diffusion limit, and are pertinent for pulverized particles where no internal particle temperature gradients are important. The modeling and measured data of char gasification rates in this research will aid in the design and efficient operation of commercial entrained-flow gasifiers, as well as provide validation for both existing and future models at a wide range of temperatures and pressures at high heating-rate conditions.
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Lewis, Aaron D. "Sawdust Pyrolysis and Petroleum Coke CO2 Gasification at High Heating Rates". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2498.

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Clean and efficient electricity can be generated using an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC). Although IGCC is typically used with coal, it can also be used to gasify other carbonaceous species like biomass and petroleum coke. It is important to understand the pyrolysis and gasification of these species in order to design commercial gasifiers and also to determine optimal conditions for operation. High heating-rate (100,000 K/s) pyrolysis experiments were performed with biomass (sawdust) in BYU's atmospheric flat-flame burner reactor at conditions ranging from 1163 to 1433 K with particle residence times ranging from 23 to 102 ms. Volatile yields and mass release of the sawdust were measured. The measured pyrolysis yields of sawdust are believed to be similar to those that would occur in an industrial entrained-flow gasifier since biomass pyrolysis yields depend heavily on heating rate and temperature. Sawdust pyrolysis was modeled using the Chemical Percolation Devolatilization model assuming that biomass pyrolysis occurs as a weighted average of its individual components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin). Thermal cracking of tar into light gas was included using a first-order kinetic model. The pyrolysis and CO2 gasification of petroleum coke was studied in a pressurized flat-flame burner up to 15 atm for conditions where the peak temperature ranged from 1402 to 2139 K. The measured CO2 gasification kinetics are believed to be representative of those from an entrained-flow gasifier since they were measured in similar conditions of elevated pressure and high heating rates (100,000 K/s). This is in contrast to the gasification experiments commonly seen in the literature that have been carried out at atmospheric pressure and slow particle heating rates. The apparent first-order Arrhenius kinetic parameters for the CO2 gasification of petroleum coke were determined. From the experiments in this work, the ASTM volatiles value of petroleum coke appeared to be a good approximation of the mass release experienced during pyrolysis in all experiments performed from 1 to 15 atm. The reactivity of pet coke by CO2 gasification exhibited strong pressure dependence.
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Nonekuone, Jolomi. "Model for marketing liquefied petroleum gas in Nigeria: Warri as a case study / Nonekuone Jolomi". Master's thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4165.

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Despite the huge national energy resources, many Nigerians do not have access to high quality, modern energy services. For those with access, energy supply lacks reliability, especially in the case of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Hence this research considers the possibility of enhancing the household use of LPG. It analyzes the factors affecting the current demand and supply. Salient features of the LPG supply and distribution system were also discussed. On the basis of the existing situation, barriers of increasing LPG use, in particular, the problems regarding affordability, priCing, government poliCies, safety, transportation and distribution were analyzed and identified statistically using the chi-square statistical method as a tool. Finally, on the basis of the challenges identified, suggestions and recommendations were made regarding the policies through which the problems could be overcome. Furthermore, a model was developed and tested for an effective marketing strategy of LPG in Warri Nigeria. ii
Thesis (M.Ing. (Development and Management Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.
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Sinuka, Yonwaba. "Performance testing of a diesel engine running on varying blends of jatropha oil, waste cooking oil and diesel fuel". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2436.

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Thesis (MTech (Mechanical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.
The high cost of fossil fuels and the fact that the world has arguably reached its peak oil production, has driven the need to seek alternative fuel sources. The main objective of the current study is to determine the performance of a laboratory-mounted diesel engine when fuelled with varying laboratory prepared biofuel and biodiesel and whether the advancement of the injection timing parameters will improve the engine power output and improve the smoke effect of these different fuel blends. The laboratory prepared biofuels used in this project range from 100% bio-fuel (BF100) to 50%, 30% and 10% biodiesel blends (BF50, BF30 and BF10, respectively). It should be noted that these blends are not commercially available, since they were blended in the laboratory specifically for these tests. The overall results of the study show that there is a distinct opportunity for using certain bio-fuel blends in specific applications as the power outputs are no more than one quarter less than that of base diesel. Concomitantly, the smoke opacity in all of the blends is lower than that of base diesel, which is a significant benefit in terms of their overall air emissions.
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Silva, Italo Guimaraes Medeiros da. "POLYMERIC MATERIALS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case160709776258431.

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Hussein, Emad Ibraheim. "Investigation into the mechanism(s) which permit the high-rate, degradation of PAHS and related petroleum hydrocarbons in sequencing batch reactors by attached cells in a controlled mixed bacterial community". unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12012006-073228/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2006.
Title from title screen. George E. Pierce,committee chair; Eric S. Gilbert, Sidney A. Crow, committee members. Electronic text (135 p. : ill. (some col.)) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Aug. 20, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 120-124).
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Moret, Artur de Souza. "Biomassa florestal, petroleo e processo de eletrificação em Rondonia : analise das possibilidades de geração descentralizada de eletricidade". [s.n.], 2000. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263910.

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Orientador: Arsenio Oswaldo Seva Filho
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: Neste trabalho, procurou-se desenvolver uma análise que pemútisse avaliar as possibilidades locais da implantação de geração de eletricidade descentralizada com fontes energéticas renováveis no estado de Rondônia, para contribuir na diminuição e na substituição do Diesel e em uma proposta de planejamento diferenciado. Entende-se que o consumo do Diesel é um fator estruturante da colonização e da eletrificação na região Amazônica e em Rondônia. Historicamente, a eletrificação em Rondônia é Diesel-dependente. Mesmo com o início da operação da UGH Samuel, em 1989, e com operacionalização de PCH' s, a geração continuou utilizando esse combustível como uma fonte importante de energia tanto no atendimento isolado quanto no sistema estadual de transmissão. O sistema estadual de transmissão é hidrotémúco, com uma UHE, motores Diesel e quatro turbinas a gás também operando com Diesel. A UHE está operacionalmente comprometida por problemas de assoreamento do lago e do regime hidrológico da região Amazônica. Os atendimentos isolados são témúcos com motores Diesel e hidrelétricos com mais sete PCH' s. O Planejamento para atendimento da demanda futura no sistema interligado é dependente do gás natural, que num curto espaço de tempo não será disponibilizado. Para o atendimento isolado existem três propostas, i- interligação de algumas localidades ao linhão, ii- formação de interligações locais e iii- continuação de atendimento Diesel- elétrico, principalmente para as cidades mais distantes do linhão e com cargas pequenas. Durante a pesquisa ficou claro que havia limitações e uma necessidade de conscientização da sociedade, quanto ao tratamento devastador dispensado atualmente aos recursos naturais da região, e quanto ao processo de desenvolvimento que pode ser empreendido a partir do aproveitamento sustentado desses recursos. As oportunidades para a geração descentralizada foram analisadas para as localidades de Rondônia consideradas pólos madeireiros, de acordo com os critérios: disponibilidade de resíduos da indústria madeireira e da produção agrícola, disponibilidade de potencial hídrico, disponibilidade de recursos humanos para operação e para a manutenção, possibilidade de interligação ao sistema UHE- linhão, existência de esquemas institucionais e de financiamento para os empreendimentos, ocorrência de complicações no suprimento de Diesel e existência de demandas industriais de energia
Abstract: In this work it was developed an analysis of the local possibilities to set up decentralized power generation by using renewable energy resources in Rondônia in order to contribute towards the reduction of the Diesel use and its substitution and in a proposal of differentiate resources planning. Diesel consumption is a structural factor in the colonization and electrification of the Amazon region and in Rondônia. Historically, the electrification is Diesel dependent in Rondônia. Even with UHE Samuel's starting up in 1989 and the operation ofsome small hydroelectric power stations, Diesel is still the main source of electric generation both in isolated and in the state system of transmission. The state system of transmission is hydrothermal based, consisting of one hydroelectric power station, Diesel engines, and four gas turbines that are also operating with Diesel. The hydroelectric power station is operationally endangered because of the lake silting up and the rainfalllevels in the Amazon region. The isolated systems are based on Diesel engine generators and on seven small hydroelectric power stations. The planning for attending the future requirements of energy in the interconnected system is dependent upon the natural gas that is not available for the short termo For attending the isolated systems there are three proposals, i- connecting some locations to the main regional line, iiorganizing local interconnections, iii- keeping the Diesel-electric system provision, specially to the most distant cities and smallloads. During the research of course there were limitations and a necessity to raise the public awareness of the devastating treatment given to the natural resources in the region and the development process that can be followed to achieve the sustainable exploitation of these resources. Decentralized generation opportunities were analyzed in Rondônia's wood exploitation centers, according to the following criteria: residue availability trom the wood industry and the agriculture production, hydropower potential availability, human resources availability for operating and maintaining the systems, possibility to connect these centers to the main power line, existence of institutional sponsorship and funding to these enterprises, Diesel supply failures and existence of energy demand by local industry
Doutorado
Doutor em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos
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Boni, Hevelin Tabata. "Aplicação de biomassa na redução do teor de óleos e graxas presentes em efluentes aquosos". Florianópolis, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/100530.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química
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Quando correntes oleosas entram em contato com o meio ambiente prejudicam e influenciam tanto a fauna e a flora, quanto à população no entorno dos lugares contaminados. A procura por tratamentos eficientes, de baixo custo, que demandem pouca energia e provenientes de fontes renováveis fazem com que os bioadsorventes ocupem um lugar de destaque na redução dos contaminantes oleosos. Neste trabalho, utilizou-se o bagaço da cana-de-açúcar como bioadsorvente alternativo no tratamento de águas contaminadas com óleos. O efluente sintético foi simulado através de uma dispersão de água destilada e decahidronaftaleno, com concentração inicial de 8900 mg·L-1. O óleo residual, após os experimentos de adsorção, foi quantificado por cromatografia gasosa. A biomassa foi caracterizada pelas análises de umidade, FTIR, MEV, CHNS e análise superficial. Os experimentos foram desenvolvidos em processo batelada, com agitação de 120 rpm, sendo avaliado o tempo de equilíbrio do processo adsortivo, bem como a influência dos parâmetros pH, temperatura e tamanho das partículas do bioadsorvente. O processo de adsorção resultou na remoção de 80% de óleo em apenas 5 min de contato entre a dispersão e a biomassa. Os parâmetros que influenciaram significativamente a remoção do hidrocarboneto pelo bagaço-de-cana foram a temperatura e o tamanho de partícula do material. Para as condições testadas, o maior desempenho foi obtido a 25oC. O melhor ajuste para a Isoterma de Adsorção foi obtido com o modelo de Langmuir-Freundlich, fornecendo uma capacidade máxima de adsorção de 6,65 g de hidrocarboneto/g de biomassa. Os ensaios mostraram grande potencial do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar ser utilizado como bioadsorvente na redução do teor de óleos e graxas em efluentes aquosos, apresentando-se como uma alternativa sustentável a dois grandes problemas ambientais: o resíduo sólido gerado pelo processo de cultivo e industrialização da cana-de-açúcar e a contaminação de fontes aquosas pela indústria do petróleo e petroquímica.
When oily streams come in contact with the environment, they affect and influence the fauna and flora, as the population surrounding the contaminated places. The search for effective treatments that are low cost, require little energy and are from renewable resources, turn the biosorbents a prominent material in the oily contamination reduction. In this work, we have studied the bagasse from sugarcane as an alternative bioadsorbent in the treatment to oils and greases contaminated waters. The synthetic effluent was simulated by a distilled water and decahydronaphthalene dispersion, with initial concentration of 8900 mg o L -1. The residual oil, after adsorption experiments, was determined by gas chromatography. The biomass was characterized by moisture analysis, FTIR, SEM, CHNS and surface analysis. The experiments were carried out in batch process with agitation of 120 rpm, evaluating the equilibrium time of adsorptive process, as well as the influence of some parameters such as pH, temperature and the particle bioadsorbent size. The adsorption process resulted in removal of 80% of oil in only 5 minutes of contact between the dispersion and biomass. The parameters that significantly influenced the removal of hydrocarbon by bagasse were the temperature and particle size of the bioadsorbent. For the conditions tested, the best performance was obtained at 25oC. The best fit for the adsorption isotherm was obtained with Langmuir-Freundlich model, providing a maximum adsorption capacity of 6.65 g hydrocarbon/g biomass. The experiments showed the great potential of the sugarcane bagasse to be used as bioadsorvente in reducing the oil and grease levels in aqueous effluents, presenting itself as a sustainable alternative to two environmental problems: the solid waste deriving from the cultivation and industrialization of sugarcane and the aqueous sources contamination coming from oil and petrochemical industry.
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Fontes, L?cio ?ngelo de Oliveira. "Desenvolvimento de uma unidade pirol?tica com reator de cilindro rotativo: obten??o de bio-?leo". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13011.

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The demand for alternative sources of energy drives the technological development so that many fuels and energy conversion processes before judged as inadequate or even non-viable, are now competing fuels and so-called traditional processes. Thus, biomass plays an important role and is considered one of the sources of renewable energy most important of our planet. Biomass accounts for 29.2% of all renewable energy sources. The share of biomass energy from Brazil in the OIE is 13.6%, well above the world average of participation. Various types of pyrolysis processes have been studied in recent years, highlighting the process of fast pyrolysis of biomass to obtain bio-oil. The continuous fast pyrolysis, the most investigated and improved are the fluidized bed and ablative, but is being studied and developed other types in order to obtain Bio-oil a better quality, higher productivity, lower energy consumption, increased stability and process reliability and lower production cost. The stability of the product bio-oil is fundamental to designing consumer devices such as burners, engines and turbines. This study was motivated to produce Bio-oil, through the conversion of plant biomass or the use of its industrial and agricultural waste, presenting an alternative proposal for thermochemical pyrolysis process, taking advantage of particle dynamics in the rotating bed that favors the right gas-solid contact and heat transfer and mass. The pyrolyser designed to operate in a continuous process, a feeder containing two stages, a divisive system of biomass integrated with a tab of coal fines and a system of condensing steam pyrolytic. The prototype has been tested with sawdust, using a complete experimental design on two levels to investigate the sensitivity of factors: the process temperature, gas flow drag and spin speed compared to the mass yield of bio-oil. The best result was obtained in the condition of 570 oC, 25 Hz and 200 cm3/min, temperature being the parameter of greatest significance. The mass balance of the elementary stages presented in the order of 20% and 37% liquid pyrolytic carbon. We determined the properties of liquid and solid products of pyrolysis as density, viscosity, pH, PCI, and the composition characterized by chemical analysis, revealing the composition and properties of a Bio-oil.
A demanda por fontes alternativas de energia impulsiona o desenvolvimento tecnol?gico de tal forma que muitos combust?veis e processos de convers?o energ?tica, antes julgada como inadequados ou mesmo invi?veis, s?o agora concorrentes de combust?veis e processos ditos tradicionais. Assim, a biomassa exerce um papel relevante, sendo considerada uma das fontes de energia renov?vel mais importante de nosso planeta. A biomassa contribui com 29,2 % de todas as fontes renov?veis de energia. A participa??o de energia de biomassa do Brasil na OIE ? de 13,6 %, sendo bem superior a m?dia mundial de participa??o. V?rios tipos de processos de pir?lise v?m sendo estudados nos ?ltimos anos, destacando-se o processo de pir?lise r?pida de biomassa para obten??o de Bio-?leo. Os processos cont?nuos de pir?lise r?pida, mais investigados e aprimorados s?o os de leito fluidizado e leito ablativo, entretanto vem sendo estudados e desenvolvidos outros tipos, visando obter um bio-?leo de melhor qualidade, com maior produtividade, menor consumo de energia, maior estabilidade e confiabilidade de processo e menor custo de produ??o. A estabilidade do produto Bio-?leo ? fundamental para a concep??o de dispositivos consumidores, tais como queimadores, motores de pist?o e turbinas. O presente estudo foi motivado para a produ??o de Bio-?leo, atrav?s da convers?o da biomassa vegetal ou do aproveitamento de seus res?duos industriais e agr?colas, sendo apresentada uma proposta alternativa de processo de pir?lise termoqu?mica, aproveitando a vantagem din?mica das part?culas no leito rotativo o que favorece a raz?o de contato g?s-s?lido e a transfer?ncia de calor e massa. O pirolisador foi projetado para operar em processo cont?nuo, contendo um alimentador de dois est?gios, um sistema desagregador da biomassa integrado com um separador de finos de carv?o e um sistema de condensa??o de vapores pirol?ticos. O Prot?tipo foi submetido a ensaios com serragem de madeira, utilizando um planejamento experimental completo em dois n?veis para investigar a sensibilidade dos fatores: temperatura do processo, fluxo de g?s de arraste e velocidade de centrifuga??o em rela??o ao rendimento m?ssico de Bio-?leo. O melhor resultado foi obtido na condi??o de 570 oC, 25 Hz e 200 cm3/min, sendo a temperatura o par?metro de maior signific?ncia. O balan?o Tese de Doutorado PPGCEP/UFRN L?cio ?ngelo de Oliveira Fontes vi de massa elementar das fases apresentou da ordem de 20 % liquidos pirol?ticos e 37 % de carv?o. Foram determinadas as propriedades dos produtos l?quidos e s?lidos da pir?lise como densidade, viscosidade, pH, PCI, sendo a composi??o caracterizada atrav?s an?lise qu?mica, revelando as propriedades e composi??o de um Bio-?leo.
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Książki na temat "Petroleum and Biomass"

1

Morris, David J. Substituting agricultural materials for petroleum based industrial products. Washington, D.C: Institute for Local Self-Reliance, 1986.

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Sentā, Erupī Gasu Shinkō. Baiomasu kongō LP gasu yūkō riyō shisutemu kaihatsu chōsa hōkokusho: Heisei 21-nendo baiomasu kongō LP gasu yūkō riyō shisutemu kaihatsu chōsa. [Tokyo]: Erupī Gasu Shinkō Sentā, 2010.

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International IGT Symposium on Gas, Oil, and Coal Biotechnology (4th 1991 Colorado Springs, Colo.). Gas, oil, and coal biotechnology IV. Chicago: Institute of Gas Technology, 1992.

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John, Sheehan, i National Renewable Energy Laboratory (U.S.), red. An overview of biodiesel and petroleum diesel life cycles. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1998.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere. Energy in the Americas: Hearing before the Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, second session, July 31, 2008. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2008.

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Energy in the Americas: Hearing before the Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, second session, July 31, 2008. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2008.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry. The new petroleum: S. 935, the National Sustainable Fuels and Chemicals Act of 1999 : hearing before the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, second session ... May 27, 1999. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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National Research Council (U.S.). Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources i National Research Council (U.S.). Board on Energy and Environmental Systems, red. Renewable fuel standard: Potential economic and environmental effects of U.S. biofuel policy. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2011.

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Office, General Accounting. Tax policy: Additional petroleum production tax incentives are of questionable merit : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Energy and Power, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1990.

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Office, General Accounting. Tax policy: How tax incentives encourage soil and water conservation investments : fact sheet for the Joint Committee on Taxation, Congress of the United States. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1986.

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Części książek na temat "Petroleum and Biomass"

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Brodeur, Gary, Subramanian Ramakrishnan i Chang Samuel Hsu. "Biomass to Liquid (BTL) Fuels". W Springer Handbook of Petroleum Technology, 1117–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49347-3_38.

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Aggarwal, Suresh K., i Xiao Fu. "Using Petroleum and Biomass-Derived Fuels in Duel-fuel Diesel Engines". W Novel Combustion Concepts for Sustainable Energy Development, 243–76. New Delhi: Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2211-8_11.

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Elía, Maria Fé, Olalla de la Torre, Rafael Larraz i Juana Frontela. "Cepsa: Towards The Integration of Vegetable Oils and Lignocellulosic Biomass into Conventional Petroleum Refinery Processing Units". W Industrial Biorenewables, 141–74. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118843796.ch6.

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Ahmed, Rawaz A., i Katherine Huddersman. "Short Review of Biodiesel Production by the Esterification/Transesterification of Wastewater Containing Fats Oils and Grease (FOGs)". W Springer Proceedings in Energy, 285–99. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30960-1_27.

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AbstractNowadays, the transformation of biomass into valuable chemicals and fuels through thermochemical, biochemical or even mixed technologies, is becoming increasingly popular and challenging. A promising solution for the near future is the substitution of non-renewable fossil fuels with a sustainable liquid feedstock for biofuel (biodiesel) production. The cost of conventional biodiesel production is higher than that of petroleum-based diesel production since it is produced mostly from expensive high-quality virgin oil. Conventionally, commercial biodiesel is produced via liquid base-catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides components of oil/fat with short-chain alcohols. It is that about 70–80% of the overall biodiesel production cost is associated with the cost of raw materials. Brown grease (with free fatty acid levels > 15%) is created from rendered trap waste and is known as Fats, Oils, and Greases (FOGs), it is a potential source of biodiesel feedstocks and is available at no cost. Many researchers are interested in using low-cost high Free Fatty Acid (FFA) oils as the feedstock for biodiesel production. This paper reviews the effect of feedstock pre-treatment and process parameters on the conversion of FOGs-wastewater to biodiesel by esterification-transesterification process.
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Eniola, Philip Olanrewaju. "Menace and Mitigation of Health and Environmental Hazards of Charcoal Production in Nigeria". W African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2293–310. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_238.

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AbstractThe use of biomass and biofuels, such as wood, charcoal, petroleum, kerosene, and gas, is becoming competitive based on the level of development of each nation. However, charcoal production (CP) and marketing now tends to be a major business among many households in both rural and urban communities with no consideration of its effects on climate change adaptation. While the research question considers the various definition of climate change adaptation, and the importance of charcoal production in Nigeria, the manuscript speaks mainly of the problems of charcoal production, the lack of planning to address these problems, and the lack of planning to move the communities away from this practice and out of poverty. It addresses the impacts of charcoal production on agriculture, such as lack or loss of labor and destruction of arable lands. The paper discusses the effect of charcoal production on health. Also, the environmental problems of CP are highlighted in the manuscript. The policy frameworks on forestry by the Federal Ministry of Environment 2006 with its flaws will be included. Remedy such as the establishment of a Land Use Planning Agency (LUPAG) and panacea for greening the charcoal value chain issues will be discussed. Lastly, attention is given to the agricultural adaptation strategies to climate change which are capable of reducing charcoal production, such as mixed cropping.
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Eniola, Philip Olanrewaju. "Menace and Mitigation of Health and Environmental Hazards of Charcoal Production in Nigeria". W African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_238-1.

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AbstractThe use of biomass and biofuels, such as wood, charcoal, petroleum, kerosene, and gas, is becoming competitive based on the level of development of each nation. However, charcoal production (CP) and marketing now tends to be a major business among many households in both rural and urban communities with no consideration of its effects on climate change adaptation. While the research question considers the various definition of climate change adaptation, and the importance of charcoal production in Nigeria, the manuscript speaks mainly of the problems of charcoal production, the lack of planning to address these problems, and the lack of planning to move the communities away from this practice and out of poverty. It addresses the impacts of charcoal production on agriculture, such as lack or loss of labor and destruction of arable lands. The paper discusses the effect of charcoal production on health. Also, the environmental problems of CP are highlighted in the manuscript. The policy frameworks on forestry by the Federal Ministry of Environment 2006 with its flaws will be included. Remedy such as the establishment of a Land Use Planning Agency (LUPAG) and panacea for greening the charcoal value chain issues will be discussed. Lastly, attention is given to the agricultural adaptation strategies to climate change which are capable of reducing charcoal production, such as mixed cropping.
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"Biomass and Biofuels". W Rules of Thumb for Petroleum Engineers, 79–82. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119403647.ch37.

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"7. Bio-waste and petroleum fractions coprocessing to fuels". W Biomass and Biowaste, 167–78. De Gruyter, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110538151-007.

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Rajvanshi, Meghna, i Richard Sayre. "Recent Advances in Algal Biomass Production". W Biotechnological Applications of Biomass. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94218.

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The promise of algae to address the renewable energy and green-product production demands of the globe has yet to be realized. Over the past ten years, however, there has been a substantial investment and interest in realizing the potential of algae to meet these needs. Tremendous progress has been achieved. Ten years ago, the price of gasoline produced from algal biomass was 20-fold greater than it is today. Technoeconomic models indicate that algal biocrude produced in an optimized cultivation, harvesting, and biomass conversion facility can achieve economic parity with petroleum while reducing carbon-energy indices substantially relative to petroleum-based fuels. There is also an emerging recognition that algal carbon capture and sequestration as lipids may offer a viable alternative to direct atmospheric CO2 capture and sequestration. We review recent advances in basic and applied algal biomass production from the perspectives of algal biology, cultivation, harvesting, energy conversion, and sustainability. The prognosis is encouraging but will require substantial integration and field testing of a variety of technology platforms to down select the most economical and sustainable systems to address the needs of the circular economy and atmospheric carbon mitigation.
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Joyce B. Landoy, Rona, Rex B. Demafelis, Bernadette T. Magadia i Anna Elaine D. Matanguihan. "Comparative Analysis of Biodiesel Production from Different Potential Feedstocks in the Philippines". W Biomass [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102724.

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In response to the worsening crisis on energy security and climate change, the Philippine Biofuels Law (Republic Act 9367) was enacted which mandates the blending of biodiesel to petroleum diesel sold in the country. Primarily, feedstock and pricing concerns led to stagnant growth of the Philippine biodiesel industry. Hence, viability of different potential biodiesel feedstocks such as coconut, oil palm, and soybean (first generation), jatropha and used cooking oil (second generation), and microalgae (third generation) was assessed through extensive research and developments. Among these sources, oil palm is regarded as the best complementary feedstock to coconut due to its high biodiesel productivity of 376 million liters per year. Oil palm biodiesel production in the Philippines was also found to have a low carbon footprint of 1.80 kg CO2e per liter and a GHG reduction potential of 42%, which corresponds to a GHG savings of about 1.05 million metric tons CO2e per year for a 5% blending mandate in 2025. Additionally, a low biodiesel selling price of about Php 33.26 per liter can be achieved from using this feedstock for biodiesel production. Hence, use of a low cost and readily available feedstock coupled with established processing technologies and pricing mechanisms will help boost the biodiesel industry in the Philippines.
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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Petroleum and Biomass"

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R. Stoyanov, Stanislav, i Andriy Kovalenko. "Multiscale Computational Modeling: From Heavy Petroleum to Biomass Valorization". W Annual International Conference on Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Chemical Process. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2301-3761_ccecp15.48.

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Zhang, Meng, Xiaoxu Song, P. F. Zhang, Z. J. Pei i T. Deines. "Size Reduction of Cellulosic Biomass in Biofuel Manufacturing: Effects of Biomass Crystallinity and Particle Size". W ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64059.

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Gradual depletion of world petroleum reserves and increasing environmental impact of greenhouse gas emissions make it urgent to develop sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based transportation fuels. Cellulosic biofuels provide one such alternative in the short to medium term. In order to convert cellulosic biomass into biofuels, size reduction is a necessary step. In the literature, there are inconsistent reports about the effects of particle size and biomass crystallinity on sugar yield (proportional to biofuel yield). An important reason for this inconsistence is that particle formation in current size reduction methods is not well controlled, causing the effects of these two variables confounded. This paper presents an experimental study on size reduction of poplar wood using a lathe, where particle formation could be well controlled to prevent the effects of these two variables from being confounded. In this study, particle size was controlled by different numbers of slots cut on the workpiece. Particles with the same crystallinity but different particle sizes were produced. This will make it possible to study the effects of particle size on biofuel yield independently, and reveal future research opportunities to understand the effects of size reduction in cellulosic biofuel manufacturing.
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Hu, Guangji, i Jianbing Li. "Co-pyrolysis of Waste Biomass with Petroleum Sludge for Improved Energy Recovery". W The 3rd World Congress on New Technologies. Avestia Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/icepr17.156.

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Davies, Andrew, Rasam Soheilian, Chuanwei Zhuo i Yiannis Levendis. "Environmentally-Benign Conversion of Biomass Residues to Electricity". W ASME 2013 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2013-98060.

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As petroleum resources are finite, it is imperative to use them wisely in energy conversion applications and look for alternative options as an energy source. Biomass is one of the renewable energy sources that can be used to partially replace fossil fuels. Biomass-based fuels can be produced domestically and may thus reduce dependency on fuel imports. Due to their abundant supply, and given that to an appreciable extent they are considered to be carbon-neutral, their use for power generation is of technological interest. However, whereas biomasses can be directly burned in furnaces, such a conventional direct combustion technique is ill-controlled and typically produces considerable amounts of health-hazardous airborne compounds [1,2]. Thus, an alternative technology is described herein to further address our increasing energy needs and, at the same time, utilize our biomass streams in an environmentally-benign manner. More specifically, a multi-step process/device is outlined to accept biomass, of various types and shapes, and generate an easily-identifiable form of energy as a final product. To achieve low emissions of products of incomplete combustion, the biomass is gasified pyrolyticaly, mixed with air, ignited and, finally, burned in nominally premixed low-emission flames. Combustion is thus indirect, since the biomass is not directly burned, instead its gaseous pyrolyzates are burned upon mixing with air. Thereby, combustion is well-controlled and can be complete. A demonstration device has been constructed to convert the internal energy of plastics into clean thermal energy and, eventually to electricity.
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Zhang, Qi, Pengfei Zhang, Z. J. Pei i Linda Pei. "Effects of Treatments on Cellulosic Biomass Structure in Ethanol Manufacturing: A Literature Review". W ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64304.

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Ethanol made from cellulosic biomass is an alternative to petroleum-based liquid transportation fuels. Enzymatic hydrolysis uses enzymes to convert cellulosic biomass into sugars that are fermented into ethanol. In order to increase sugar yield, various treatments (such as biomass size reduction and pretreatment) are applied to cellulosic biomass before enzymatic hydrolysis. These treatments will alter structure parameters of cellulosic biomass, such as crystallinity index, degree of polymerization, particle size, pore volume, and specific surface area. There are currently no review papers on these structure parameters of cellulosic biomass in ethanol manufacturing. This paper reviews experimental investigations in the literature about effects of various treatments on the structure parameters of cellulosic biomass.
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Cooper, Nathanial, Anna Panteli i Nilay Shah. "A Biomass Supply Chain Optimization Framework With Linear Approximation of Biomass Yield Distributions for Improved Land Use". W ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11399.

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Abstract Biomass and the bio-economy have strong potential to help shift dependency away from petroleum. Supply chain optimisation (SCO) has been used to help other industries and can be used to boost biomass industry viability. Biomass supply chain models frequently average the biomass yield of large tracts of land in their calculations. However, there can be large variation in the biomass yield within those tracts, losing useful information. This work presents a biomass SCO framework which approximates the available quality of land by piecewise linearly approximation of the biomass yield distribution, and incorporates this information into the optimisation. The linear estimates of the biomass yield distributions allow the SCO model to make more informed decisions about quantity and location of biomass growth operations, affecting all downstream decisions. A case study of mainland Great Britain has been examined using the framework to illustrate the impact of retaining biomass yield information in the optimisation, versus averaging the yield across tracts of land. The case study found that using biomass yield linear estimates reduced the overall land usage by 10%. Further, it improved biomass output, which increased the quantity of bio-products produced. All of this led to an increase in the overall profit.
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"CIGR Handbook of Agricultural Engineering, Volume V Energy and Biomass Engineering, Chapter 1 Natural Energy and Biomass, Part 1.1 Post-Petroleum Energy and Material". W CIGR Handbook of Agricultural Engineering Volume V Energy & Biomass Engineering. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.36409.

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Yang, Yang, Timothy Deines, Meng Zhang, Ke Zhang i Donghai Wang. "Supercritical CO2 Pretreatment of Cellulosic Biomass for Biofuel Production: Effects of Biomass Particle Size". W ASME 2018 13th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2018-6656.

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Biofuel derived from cellulosic biomass is a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based fuel. Pretreatment is an essential step in biofuel production because it accounts for more than 20% of the inputs. Furthermore, particle size reduction as a preprocessing step prior to pretreatment exerts a substantial impact on all following processes. Many studies have investigated the effects of biomass particle size on sugar yield after conventional pretreatments of biomass such as alkaline and dilute acid pretreatments. The similar trends have shown that smaller biomass particle size results in higher sugar yield. Supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) pretreatment has been applied at 1450 psi, 120 °C for 30 mins in this study as a pretreatment method for biofuel production from cellulosic biomass. As a recyclable green-chemistry method, SC-CO2 pretreatment offers many advantages such as no toxic chemicals added and low-cost input. The objective of this study is to understand the effects of particle size on sugar yield after SC-CO2 pretreatment. Three particle size: 1 mm, 2 mm, and 4 mm were used for size reduction of corn stover. Ethanol and water were used as co-solvents to enhance SC-CO2 pretreatment. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed and it is found that, after SC-CO2 pretreatment, the sugar yields differ significantly between 1 mm and 2 mm, 1 mm and 4 mm. In contrast, there is no significant difference between 2 mm and 4 mm after SC-CO2 pretreatment. 1 mm particle produced the highest sugar yield of 0.115 g glucose per 1 g of dry biomass which is 16.62% and 10.39% higher than the 4 mm and 2 mm corn stover biomass produced.
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Zhang, Meng, Xiaoxu Song, Z. J. Pei i D. H. Wang. "Effects of Mechanical Comminution on Enzymatic Conversion of Cellulosic Biomass in Biofuel Manufacturing: A Review". W ASME 2010 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2010-34082.

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It is imperative to develop alternative fuels to replace current petroleum-based liquid transportation fuels. Biofuels produced from cellulosic biomass (forest products and residues, agricultural residues, and dedicated energy crops) is one such alternative. Manufacturing biofuels from cellulosic biomass requires reduction of the material size using mechanical comminution methods. This paper reviews these mechanical comminution methods. It presents their effects on biomass particle size, cellulose crystallinity, and sugar yield. It also discusses the characteristics of each method and future research directions.
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Wu, Hera, Pengfei Zhang, Qi Zhang i Z. J. Pei. "Effects of Water Soaking on Biomass Particle Size in Cellulosic Biofuel Manufacturing". W ASME 2012 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 40th North American Manufacturing Research Conference and in participation with the International Conference on Tribology Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2012-7227.

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Cellulosic biofuels are an alternative to petroleum-based liquid transportation fuels. However, manufacturing costs of cellulosic biofuels are high partially due to low density and sugar yield of cellulosic biomass. Previous studies show that UV-A pelleting can increase the density and sugar yield of cellulosic biomass. A hypothesis for UV-A pelleting to increase the density and sugar yield of cellulosic biomass is that UV-A pelleting can reduce biomass particle size. To test this hypothesis, biomass particle sizes before and after UV-A pelleting need to be compared. Soaking pellets in water is an efficient and non-invasive method to separate pellets into particles. However, water soaking itself might change biomass particle size. This paper reports an investigation on effects of water soaking on biomass particle size. The biomass particle sizes before and after water soaking are measured and compared. Results show that effects of water soaking on biomass particle size are dependent on the initial particle size (particle size before water soaking) and time period of water soaking.
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Petroleum and Biomass"

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Chum, Helena L. Biomass Pyrolysis to Hydrocarbon Fuels in the Petroleum Refining Context: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-12-500. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), styczeń 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1417135.

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Steverson, M., i G. Stormberg. Study concerning the utilization of the ocean spreading center environment for the conversion of biomass to a liquid fuel. (Includes Appendix A: hydrothermal petroleum genesis). [Supercritical water]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), styczeń 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5987123.

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Możesz być także zainteresowany rozszerzonymi bibliografiami na temat „Petroleum and Biomass” dla poszczególnych typów źródeł:
Artykuły w czasopismach Rozprawy doktorskie Książki
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