Książki: „Personal vulnerability”

1

Herrick, Vanessa. Jesus wept: Reflections on vulnerability in leadership. London: Darton Longman and Todd, 1998.

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Learning difficulties and sexual vulnerability: A social approach. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2011.

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Harris, George W. Dignity and vulnerability: Strength and quality of character. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.

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Eastin, Joshua, i Kendra Dupuy, red. Gender, climate change and livelihoods: vulnerabilities and adaptations. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247053.0000.

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Abstract This book applies a gender lens to examine the implications of climate change for livelihoods in vulnerable states. The goals are to enhance awareness of climate change as a gender issue, and to highlight the importance of gender in identifying livelihood vulnerabilities and in designing more robust climate adaptation measures, especially in climate-sensitive industries such as agriculture. The contributions in this book examine how the consequences of climate change affect women and men in different ways, and address the implications of climate change for women's livelihoods and resource access. The book is organized into two main sections. The first section (Chapters 2-8) examines disparities in the vulnerability of women's and men's livelihoods to climate change. The chapters in this section address issues such as gender inequalities in the household distribution of labour; differential access to agricultural livelihood inputs and assets; gender-based threats to personal safety and security; and gendered vulnerability to and experiences with climate disasters, food insecurity, and infrastructure development. The second section (chapters 9-16) takes a gender-based view of various climate adaptation initiatives in areas that rely on agriculture for subsistence and production. The contributions in this section address gender-inclusive participation in climate policy planning and decision making, the role of gender in livelihood adaptation measures, and any successes, failures, or opportunities for improvement that emerge from these efforts.

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1944-, Doherty Joe, i Meert Henk, red. Access to housing: Homelessness and vulnerability in Europe. Bristol: Policy Press, 2002.

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Feminisms, HIV, and AIDS: Subverting power, reducing vulnerability. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.

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Vietnam. Quốc hội. Ủy ban về các vấn đề xã hội. Socio-economic impacts of HIV/AIDS on household vulnerability and poverty. Hanoi: Culture and Information Pub. House, 2009.

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Lewis, Duston Robert, Russell Karen S i Bureau of National Affairs (Washington, D.C.), red. Workplace privacy: Employee testing, surveillance, wrongful discharge, and other areas of vulnerability. Wyd. 2. Washington, D.C: Bureau of National Affairs, 1989.

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Shepard, Ira Michael. Workplace privacy: Employee testing, surveillance, wrongful discharge, and other areas of vulnerability. Wyd. 2. Washington, D.C: Bureau of National Affairs, 1989.

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Rashid, Syeda Rozana. A comparative study on vulnerability and coping mechanisms between Rohingya refugee and Chakma IDP women. Dhaka: Forum on Women in Security and International Affairs, 2005.

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Sexuality, social exclusion & human rights: Vulnerability in the Caribbean context of HIV. Kingston: Ian Randle Publishers, 2009.

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Liyanage, Shamalie. Coping vulnerability and the families of soldiers in a context of demobilization: Perspectives of peace building, the Sri Lanka experience. Colombo: IMCAP Program, Improving Capacities for Poverty/Social Policy Research, Faculty of Arts, University of Colombo, 2003.

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13

Office, General Accounting. Bradley vehicle: Concerns about the Army's vulnerability testing : report to the Chairman, Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1986.

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Office, General Accounting. Bradley vehicle: Concerns about the Army's vulnerability testing : report to the Chairman, Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1986.

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15

Office, General Accounting. Bradley vehicle: Concerns about the Army's vulnerability testing : report to the Chairman, Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1986.

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16

Tyernovaya, Lyudmila. Gastronomic geopolitics. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/999872.

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The more diverse and rich a person's life is, the more areas of activity, different sides of reality he comes into contact with. People get a lot of resources from them, but at the same time each such sphere has its own vulnerability and is able to create threats to the security of people, societies and States. Most dangerous of all are the threats that affect the vital basis of human existence. These include threats to food security. They have long gone beyond biological or medical limits and received a truly geopolitical scope. The monograph shows how these threats were born and grew, as well as what can be done not only by States or international organizations, but also by individuals to minimize such threats and risks, to return to food the original meanings of the unifying principle. It is intended for specialists in the field of international relations, teachers and students of humanitarian and social disciplines, and will be of interest to a wide range of readers.

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17

Federal biodefense readiness: Hearing before the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, United States Senate, One Hundred Eighth Congress, first session on examining federal biodefense readiness, focusing on the public health workforce, the status of Centers for Disease Control terrorism preparedness and emergency response activities, the emergency communication system, smallpox preparedness, the Food and Drug Administration's role in counterterrorism activities, vulnerability and threat assessments, laboratory enhancements, research, Operation Liberty Shield, and developing the research infrastructure, July 24, 2003. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2003.

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18

Jesus Wept: Reflections on Vulnerability in Leadership. Darton Longman and Todd, 1999.

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19

Stanghellini, Giovanni. Personal life-history. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198792062.003.0041.

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This chapter describes the process of progressive decentring of two partners taking part in a dialogue. Phenomenological unfolding is the taking of a third-person perspective on one’s own experiences. The hermeneutic moment consists in position-taking and perspective-taking with respect to one’s own experiences and their meanings. It requires the capacity to distance oneself from one’s own habits in interpreting and understanding the ‘facts’ of one’s own life, and to make of these very habits the object for reflection and for understanding. The psychodynamic moment consists in positing both phenomenological unfolding and hermeneutic analysis in a larger historical context, according great importance to the role of life events, of tradition and prejudice in the development of any form of habitus in interpreting one’s experiences, and of limit-situations in jeopardizing one’s defensive ‘housings’ and showing their vulnerability. This means acknowledging and accepting contingency as the necessity of one’s own story.

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Helms, Ludger, i Femke van Esch. Turning Structural Weakness into Personal Strength. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783848.003.0002.

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Chancellor Angela Merkel’s exceptional public popularity and persistence as the head of three German governments—two of which were “grand coalitions”—presents a fascinating puzzle. Re-elected twice and half through her third term, Merkel has retained a strikingly high level of leadership capital for at least ten years. This chapter offers a twofold explanation for Merkel’s largely unexpected trajectory as a rock-solid leader. First, she has managed to turn the particular institutional and political constraints of Germany’s compound democracy into opportunities. The need to avoid bold leadership initiatives very much played to her personal strengths, and thus allowed her to increase her personal authenticity. Second, Merkel has been able to keep a high stock of leadership capital simply by not spending it, i.e., by keeping away from unpopular decisions and policies (until the fall of 2015), thereby reducing her political vulnerability.

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21

Wunderlich, Gooloo S., Committee on National Statistics, Board on Health Care Services, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education i Panel on Measuring Medical Care Risk in Conjunction with the New Supplemental Income Poverty Measure. Medical Care Economic Risk: Measuring Financial Vulnerability from Spending on Medical Care. National Academies Press, 2013.

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Medical Care Economic Risk: Measuring Financial Vulnerability from Spending on Medical Care. National Academies Press, 2013.

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Stanghellini, Giovanni. Position-taking. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198792062.003.0037.

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This chapter argues that the extreme variability of schizophrenic phenotypes is a paradigmatic case study for explicating the dialectics between uncanny feelings of depersonalization/derealization and the attitude of the person who experiences them. Why do persons who suffer from these kinds of anomalous self-, body-, and world-experiences develop either a delusional form of schizophrenia or a ‘pauci-symptomatic’ type of this illness, or a schizotypal personality disorder? Why do delusions in people with schizophrenia take on so many different themes, and not only ontological ones, but also, for example, persecutory, hypochondriac, of reference, of agnition (filiation), external influence, etc.? If we subscribe to the ‘one root–many branches’ conceptualization of the manifold of schizophrenia, then we must be able to explain why, arising from the common root of self-disorders, schizophrenic phenotypes take on so many different features. A plausible answer is that self-disorder, being at the core of the vulnerability to schizophrenia, is refracted through the prism of the person’s background of values and beliefs that determine what things and events in the world mean for them. This personal background is a pre-reflective context of meaning and significance within which and against which persons understand themselves, others, and their world.

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Stanghellini, Giovanni, i René Rosfort. The Patient as an Autonomous Person. Redaktorzy John Z. Sadler, K. W. M. Fulford i Cornelius Werendly van Staden. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732365.013.26.

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Treating the other as an autonomous person is widely considered a guiding ethical principle. The notions of autonomy and personhood are, however, far from evident in a time of striding naturalism. Hermeneutical phenomenology provides an explanation of these notions, and argues that personhood is not merely an ethical principle, but an integral part of vulnerability to mental illness. In other words, ethics and questions of norms and values are not merely a bioethical add-on to psychiatry, but an integral part of what it means to do psychiatry. Being a person is to be faced with the constant task of becoming who I am through the otherness that constitutes my life as a person. Otherness challenges my life from without (e.g., the way other people understand and treat me) and from within (e.g., my body, habits, and dispositions). Although a major aspect of personal identity is constituted by otherness, a person is able, nevertheless, to change her habits, think about her dispositions, and reconsider her actions. This ability to relate ourselves to what and who we are is constitutive of personhood and of the fragility that makes each of us the person that we are.

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Galynker, Igor. Suicidal Narrative. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190260859.003.0006.

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According to the narrative crisis model, as people with trait vulnerability to suicidal behavior experience stressful life events, they develop a perception of their life story as moving toward “the dead end,” which gives rise to the acute suicide crisis syndrome. This chapter details the suicidal narrative component of the narrative crisis theory, which organizes the common themes of suicidal narrative into seven phases that follow a coherent life story of progressive failure and alienation until the future becomes impossible: Setting up unrealistic life goals, entitlement to happiness, humiliating personal or social defeat, failure to redirect to more realistic goals, perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and perception of no future. A person’s perception of his or her life in terms of coherent suicidal narrative is associated with imminent suicide risk. This chapter contains an interview algorithm to probe the suicidal narrative, three representative case examples, and a test case.

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Jones, Roy W. Safety, legal issues, and driving. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198779803.003.0012.

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This chapter describes the many practical and legal issues that are important for people with dementia and their families. A person with dementia’s autonomy must be respected together with recognition of their remaining abilities. The capacity needed for a particular decision depends on the nature and complexity of the decision. Capacity to deal with financial affairs is discussed, together with capacity to make a will, to make decisions about personal welfare, medical treatment, and consent for research including genetic testing. Whilst there are many potential safety issues for people with dementia, it is important to balance the need for protection with their continuing independence. Safety within the home includes fire, gas, and electrical safety; kitchen safety; risk of falls; risk from dangerous substances and medications; and vulnerability. Safety outside the home includes the risk of falls together with wandering, getting lost, and issues around driving.

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Dignity and Vulnerability: Strength and Quality of Character. University of California Press, 2021.

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Harris, George W. Dignity and Vulnerability: Strength and Quality of Character. University of California Press, 2021.

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Wink, Paul. Prima Donna. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190857738.001.0001.

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Prima Donna: The Psychology of Maria Callas explores the psychological mechanisms behind the hypnotic power of Callas’s artistry and her tragic life story. Advances in developmental psychology and the concept of narcissism are used to shed light on Callas’s puzzling personal deterioration during the last nine years of her life. Although precipitated by the trauma and shame over being abandoned by Aristotle Onassis and the precipitous deterioration of her voice, Callas midlife disintegration reflects deeper psychological vulnerabilities. Throughout her life, Callas’s lingering view that her career had been imposed upon her and that her mother compelled her to sing professionally led to her ambivalent relationship with the world of opera. Callas’s sense of superiority, derived from being celebrated for her special talent, coincided with feelings of vulnerability and inferiority embedded in her realization that she was celebrated not for her intrinsic worth but for her exceptional talent. Lacking a cohesive and integrated sense of self, she sought affirmation and vitality from merger with adoring audiences and older men, including her husband Battista Meneghini and her long-term partner Onassis. The propensity to fuse her identity with stage roles contributed to her artistic greatness, but envy and the lack of an intrinsic sense of meaning and worth enhanced her vulnerability to life’s vagaries.

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Trent, James. Inventing the Feeble Mind. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199396184.001.0001.

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Pity, disgust, fear, cure, and prevention—all are words that Americans have used to make sense of what today we call intellectual disability. Inventing the Feeble Mind explores the history of this disability in the United States from its several identifications over the past 200 years—idiocy, imbecility, feeblemindedness, mental defect, mental deficiency, mental retardation, and most recently intellectual disability. Using institutional records, private correspondence, personal memories, and rare photographs, James Trent argues that the economic vulnerability of intellectually disabled people (and often their families), more than the claims made for their intellectual and social limitations, has shaped meaning, services, and policies in United States history.

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Milewski, Melissa. The Law of Bodily Injury. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190249182.003.0009.

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Chapter 7 examines the personal injury suits that formed almost half of the civil suits between black and white litigants in eight state supreme courts from 1900 to 1920. Facing terrible pain and loss in the wake of their own or loved one’s injuries, some African Americans turned to the courts to gain damages. There, in a time of encroaching segregation and racial injustice, a number of black litigants found disproportionate success in the realm of tort litigation. During their trials, black litigants shaped their testimony to meet the legal basis of personal injury, emphasizing their own caution at the time of the accident, their continuing pain and weakness from the injury, and the loss of income they had incurred. As in fraud cases, their claims of weakness and vulnerability could reinforce white judges’ and jury members’ ideas about racial inequality, but also allowed them to frequently win such suits.

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Legaspi, Michael C. Homer and the Wisdom of the Hero. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190885120.003.0002.

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The Homeric wisdom program highlights the role of character and choice in reaching personal fulfillment. What guides choice and supplies the criteria for a choiceworthy life are limits inherent in the social and sacred orders, which are recognized as unalterable realities (human mortality; fate), customary expectations (especially regarding honor), and certain virtues proper to heroic life (courage; cunning). Cosmic order, though taken for granted, is not an important resource for moral reasoning. Because knowledge and power ultimately reside with the gods, it belongs to humans to honor the gods with sacrifices and obedience. Heroic wisdom brings piety into view as a prudent response to metaphysical vulnerability, a basis for friendship with the gods, and a vital part of attaining true selfhood.

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Edgar, Bill, Joe Doherty i Henk Meert. Access to Housing: Homelessness and Vulnerability in Europe. Policy Pr, 2003.

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Stanghellini, Giovanni. The portrait of the clinician as a globally minded citizen. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198792062.003.0031.

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This chapter argues that the specialist in mental health care should have the ability to think what it might be like to be in the shoes of a person different from oneself, to be an intelligent reader of that person’s story, and to understand the emotions, wishes, and desires that someone so placed might have. She should be trained to confront human vulnerability, the evidence of our animality and fragile rationality, the anxieties for our mortality, the dilemmas of autonomy and authority, and the conflicts of inclusion and exclusion, and in general with the encounter with Otherness that characterizes human life. Also, she should possess the ability to have concern for the lives of others, to imagine a variety of complex issues affecting the story of a human life, and to see other persons, especially marginalized people, as fellows with equal rights and look at them with respect.

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Kalmanofsky, Amy. Postmodern Engagements of the Prophets. Redaktor Carolyn J. Sharp. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199859559.013.31.

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This chapter offers a postmodern analysis of the representation of the body in the biblical prophets, focusing on the rhetorical and literary representation of bodies in the prophetic books. The multiple ways the prophets use the body suggest that they recognize its rhetorical power as well as its subtlety. The body can be a blunt rhetorical tool that demands a powerful emotional response, and a narrative device that requires interpretation and conveys theological meaning. The body can also be a subtle means of communication that conveys the prophets’ experience of personal vulnerability and their burden of having to communicate God’s word. Used in these ways, the image of the body is oriented to the reader and reflects postmodern interest in examining the ways a text engages its audience, as well as the ways it communicates subjective human experience.

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Taber-Thomas, Bradley, i Koraly Pérez-Edgar. Emerging Adulthood Brain Development. Redaktor Jeffrey Jensen Arnett. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199795574.013.15.

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Emerging adulthood (EA) is marked by a prolonged developmental transition to adulthood, dynamic personal and environmental circumstances, and unique patterns of vulnerability to psychological dysfunction. Neurodevelopment in childhood and adolescence has been studied extensively, but EA has not yet received its due attention from developmental cognitive neuroscience. The existing evidence shows that neurodevelopment continues throughout EA in support of emerging adult roles. The data suggest a frontolimbic fine-tuning model of brain development in EA that holds that adult functions are promoted through the strengthening of prefrontal regulation of limbic function and a newly emerging balance between prefrontal subregions involved in modulating approach and avoidance. Considering the overlap between these neurodevelopmental processes and the peak incidence of numerous psychological disorders in EA, it seems that individual differences in the dynamics of emerging adulthood neurodevelopment may not only underlie differences in functioning, but also risk for psychological disorder.

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Marin, Mara. Labor Relations and the Politics of Commitment. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190498627.003.0006.

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Chapter 5 argues that work makes us vulnerable to those whose labor is presupposed by ours. The hierarchical division between high- and low-skilled labor, justified by ideas of personal achievement and rights as boundaries, denies this vulnerability by making invisible both the full value of “low-skilled” work and the value of labor that, because it requires the combination of qualitatively different skills, can only be created cooperatively. The division between high- and low-skilled labor enables the accumulation of capital by obscuring this value and the interest of the vast majority of workers in having this value recognized rather than transferred to capital. The notion of commitment is critical in undermining these ideas, showing how a common interest can arise out of different positions in the structure of work, and making visible workers’ shared interest in limiting returns on capital and increasing returns on labor.

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Clark, David. Epilogue: Making Sense of Cicely Saunders. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190637934.003.0008.

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Cicely Saunders married late in life and had no children. Her closest personal relationships were complicated. Her steely look and assured manner masked years of vulnerability, poor self-image, and struggles with her femininity. She was an unlikely pioneer of an improbable movement. Stripping away the hagiography, there is no doubt that Cicely shaped a new field of medicine which was gaining significant ground by the time of her death, and one which made further progress in the decade following it. A whole generation of palliative-care professionals was trained at St Christopher’s, many of whom spread their knowledge and expertise in other places. The hospice ideal transferred and translated around the world — and eventually led to universal support through the encouragement of the World Health Organization. This chapter concludes the book with an assessment of her legacy — and the complex and demanding life that shaped it.

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Joinson, Adam N., i Carina B. Paine. Self-disclosure, Privacy and the Internet. Redaktorzy Adam N. Joinson, Katelyn Y. A. McKenna, Tom Postmes i Ulf-Dietrich Reips. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199561803.013.0016.

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This article examines the extant research literature on self-disclosure and the Internet, in particular by focusing on disclosure in computer-mediated communication and web-based forms – both in surveys and in e-commerce applications. It also considers the links between privacy and self-disclosure, and the unique challenges (and opportunities) that the Internet poses for the protection of privacy. Finally, the article proposes three critical issues that unite the ways in which we can best understand the links between privacy, self-disclosure, and new technology: trust and vulnerability, costs and benefits, and control over personal information. Central to the discussion is the notion that self-disclosure is not simply the outcome of a communication encounter: rather, it is both a product and process of interaction, as well as a way of regulating interaction dynamically. By adopting a privacy approach to understanding disclosure online, it becomes possible to consider not only media effects that encourage disclosure, but also the wider context and implications of such communicative behaviours.

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Radoilska, Lubomira. Autonomy in Psychiatric Ethics. Redaktorzy John Z. Sadler, K. W. M. Fulford i Cornelius Werendly van Staden. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732365.013.27.

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This chapter explores four kinds of skepticism about autonomy in general and its applicability to psychiatric ethics in particular. It is argued that although there are valuable lessons to be learnt from each of these skeptical challenges, their overall contribution is best understood in terms of friendly correctives to an autonomy-centered normative and conceptual framework instead of viable alternatives to it. The first four sections each provide a logical reconstruction of a distinct skeptical line of reasoning about autonomy and expand on its implications for psychiatric ethics: skepticism about personal autonomy; skepticism about autonomy as an agency concept; vulnerability-grounded skepticism about autonomy; and paternalism-friendly skepticism about autonomy. The fifth section identifies and explores the underlying presuppositions that motivate the previously discussed forms of skepticism about autonomy, and the sixth reflects on the significance of psychiatric ethics for rebutting skepticism about autonomy and developing a new, more promising positive theory.

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Bateman, Anthony W., i Roy Krawitz. Borderline personality disorder. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199644209.003.0001.

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Chapter 1 outlines borderline personality disorder (BPD), the history of BPD, its epidemiology, diagnosis and a thorough discussion of the elements of the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for BPD, and explores individual factors to help understand a person’s BPD (biological vulnerability theory, emotional sensitivity, mentalizing vulnerability, Beck’s core schemas, dichotomous (all or nothing) thinking, fluctuating competence, active passivity), and co-occurring conditions (depression, bipolar disorder, psychotic symptoms, dissociation, personality disorders). The chapter also discusses etiology (biological factors, psychological factors, nature and nurture, sociocultural factors), self-harm, prognosis, and psychosocial treatment outcome studies.

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Pollard, Natalie. Poetry, Publishing, and Visual Culture from Late Modernism to the Twenty-first Century. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198852605.001.0001.

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This book examines why it is important to appreciate cultural artefacts such as poems, sculptures, and buildings not as static, perfected objects, but as meshworks of entangled, mutable, and trans-personal forces. Offering six such case studies across the long twentieth century, the book focuses on how poetic works activate closer appreciation of literature’s hybridity. The book analyses how such texts are collaborative, emergent, and between-categories, and shows why this matters. It focuses, first, on how printed poetry is often produced collaboratively, in dialogue with the visual and plastic arts; and second, how it comes about through entangled and emergent agencies. Both have been overlooked in contemporary scholarship. Although this proposal makes some trouble for established disciplinary modes of reception and literary classification, for this reason, it also paves the way for new critical responses. Chiefly, Fugitive Pieces encourages the development of modes of literary critical engagement which acknowledge their uncertainty, vulnerability, and provisionality. Such reading involves encountering poems as co-constituted through materials that have frequently been treated as extra-literary, and in some cases extra-human. Focusing on works by Djuna Barnes, David Jones, F.T. Prince, Ted Hughes, Denise Riley, and Paul Muldoon, Fugitive Pieces fosters closer attention to how literary works operate beyond the boundaries of artistic categorization and agency. It examines the politics of disciplinary criticism, and the tensions between anthropocentric understandings of value and intra-agential collaborative practices. Its purpose is to stimulate much-needed analysis of printed works as combinatorial and hybrid, passing between published versions and artforms, persons and practices.

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Briggs, Jessica. The Comprehensive Narrative-Crisis Model of Suicide. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190260859.003.0003.

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The narrative crisis model of suicide posits that individuals attempt suicide when they experience a distinct emotional state termed the suicide crisis syndrome. This chapter describes the model, which has three components: trait vulnerability, suicidal narrative, and the suicidal crisis syndrome. Trait vulnerability includes all static risk factors, which are relatively stable over time and distal to acute suicidal behavior. Suicidal narrative describes a suicidal person’s perception of his or her life story in which the past has led to an intolerable present and a future that is unimaginable. The suicidal crisis syndrome (SCS) is a distinct emotional state characterized by entrapment, affective dysregulation, and loss of cognitive control. The result is the suicidal act, brought on by an emotional urge to end the intolerable mental pain of SCS. Imminent suicide risk is primarily determined by SCS intensity, to which both trait vulnerability and the suicidal narrative also contribute independently.

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Woody, William Douglas, Krista D. Forrest i Edie Greene. Understanding Police Interrogation. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479860371.001.0001.

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What drives suspects to confess during police interrogation? In particular, why do some people falsely confess to serious crimes, despite both the likelihood of severe negative consequences and their actual innocence? Too often, observers endorse the mistaken belief that only people with severe mental illnesses or cognitive disabilities would confess falsely. This common but erroneous belief overlooks the risks that result from additional factors that can influence the nature of an interrogation and may conduce to a false confession, including investigators’ biases, cultural views about race and crime, the powerful effects of police deception on suspects, and characteristics of the suspect and of the circumstances that can increase the suspect’s vulnerability. This book examines numerous cases of false confession to clarify the totality of the circumstances surrounding interrogation and confession, including the interactions of many psychological, legal, cultural, personal, and other factors that lead to greater likelihood of confessions, including coerced or false confessions. It presents recommendations for reforming police interrogation in order to produce accurate, detailed confessions from factually guilty suspects, confessions that stand up under rigorous legal review, are admissible at trial, and lead to guilty verdicts.

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Stanghellini, Giovanni. Responsibility. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198792062.003.0038.

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This chapter discusses how the vulnerability to madness, as the cypher of condicio humana, imbues responsibility. Schizophrenia and melancholia represent two opposite polarities of distorted agency and of responsibility. In the former, the person, while performing a given action, does not feel that he is the one who is voluntarily acting. He feels that the source of his actions is placed beyond the boundaries of the Self, and thus is out of control. Persons affected by melancholia, vice versa, attribute to themselves the cause of effects that, from another perspective, cannot be attributed to them. But they also experience a total passivity with respect to their capacity for modifying a given state of affairs. It is essential to maintain responsibility (and to avoid blame) in order to enable the patient to re-establish a dialogue with himself, that is, with the chiasm of voluntary and involuntary that constitutes a human person.

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Broomall, James J. Private Confederacies. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469651989.001.0001.

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How did the Civil War, emancipation, and Reconstruction shape the masculinity of white Confederate veterans? As James J. Broomall shows, the crisis of the war forced a reconfiguration of the emotional worlds of the men who took up arms for the South. Raised in an antebellum culture that demanded restraint and shaped white men to embrace self-reliant masculinity, Confederate soldiers lived and fought within military units where they experienced the traumatic strain of combat and its privations together--all the while being separated from suffering families. Military service provoked changes that escalated with the end of slavery and the Confederacy's military defeat. Returning to civilian life, Southern veterans questioned themselves as never before, sometimes suffering from terrible self-doubt. Drawing on personal letters and diaries, Broomall argues that the crisis of defeat ultimately necessitated new forms of expression between veterans and among men and women. On the one hand, war led men to express levels of emotionality and vulnerability previously assumed the domain of women. On the other hand, these men also embraced a virulent, martial masculinity that they wielded during Reconstruction and beyond to suppress freed peoples and restore white rule through paramilitary organizations and the Ku Klux Klan.

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O'Shea, Janet. Risk, Failure, Play. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190871536.001.0001.

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Decried as mere brutality on display and celebrated as viscerally real, combat sport has escaped nuanced reflection. Risk, Failure, Play addresses this gap, signaling the many ways in which competitive martial arts differentiate themselves from violence through risk-based play. Despite its association with frivolity and ease, play is not the opposite of danger, rigor, or failure. Indeed, Risk, Failure, Play demonstrates the ways in which physical recreation allows us to manage the complexities of our current social reality. This book suggests that play gives us the ability to manage difficult conditions with intelligence and that physical play, with its immediacy and its heightened risk, is particularly effective at accomplishing this task. Presented from the perspective of a dancer and writer, this book takes readers through considerations of the politics of everyday life exemplified in martial arts practices such as jeet kune do, Brazilian jiu jitsu, kickboxing, Filipino martial arts, and empowerment self-defense. Risk, Failure, Play intertwines personal experience with phenomenology, social psychology, dance studies, performance studies, and theories of play and competition in order to produce insights on pleasure, mastery, vulnerability, pain, agency, individual identity, and society. Ultimately, this book suggests that play allows us to rehearse other ways to live than the ones we see before us, challenging us to reimagine our social reality.

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Goodkin, Karl, David M. Stoff, Dilip V. Jeste i Maria J. Marquine. Older Age and HIV. Redaktorzy Mary Ann Cohen, Jack M. Gorman, Jeffrey M. Jacobson, Paul Volberding i Scott Letendre. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392742.003.0036.

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This chapter addresses the growing problem of aging and HIV infection throughout the world. Emphasis is placed on conceptualization such as the development of phenotypes within the population of older persons with HIV. The phenotypes include (1) disability, (2) frailty/vulnerability, (3) comorbid conditions, (4) cognitive aging, (5) premature or accelerated aging, and (6) successful aging. Older age and illness progression is addressed with respect to frailty or vulnerability to progression and the development of a dysfunctional, disabled status in activities of daily living. The issue of older age and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder is discussed, and the research related to pattern of cognitive impairment, including dementia, is reviewed. The chapter also differentiates characteristics of accelerated aging from characteristics of successful aging. Integration of gerontology with HIV medicine and HIV psychiatry can be accomplished through focusing future study on optimization of functional status and quality of life in aging with HIV.

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Apostolidis, Paul. The Fight For Time. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190459338.001.0001.

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In today’s precarious world, working people’s experiences are becoming more alike even as their disparities sharpen. This book unfolds a critique of the precarity phenomenon by setting Latino day laborers’ commentaries in dialogue with critical social theory. The Fight for Time shows how migrant labor on society’s jagged edges relates to encompassing syndromes of precarity as both exception and synecdoche. Subjected to especially harsh treatment as unauthorized migrants, these workers also epitomize struggles that apply throughout the economy. Juxtaposing day laborers’ accounts of their desperate circumstances, dangerous jobs, and informal job-seeking with theoretical accounts of the forces fueling precaritization, The Fight for Time illuminates a schema of precarity defined by temporal contradiction. This “critical-popular” approach, informed by Paulo Freire’s popular-education theory, elicits resonances and dissonances between day laborers’ themes and scholars’ analyses of neoliberal crisis, the postindustrial work ethic, affective and digital labor, the racial governance of public spaces, occupational safety and health hazards, and self-undermining patterns of desire and personal responsibility among precaritized subjects. Day laborers offer language redolent with potential to catalyze social critique among migrant workers. They also clarify the terms of mass-scale opposition to precarity. Such a politics would demand restoration of workers’ stolen time, engage a fight for the city, challenge the conversion of capital risk into workers’ bodily vulnerability, and foment the refusal of work. Day laborers’ convivial politics through self-organized worker centers, furthermore, offers a powerful basis for renewing radical democratic theory and imagining a key practical innovation: worker centers for all working people.

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Heiner, Prof, Bielefeldt, Ghanea Nazila, Dr i Wiener Michael, Dr. Part 3 Vulnerable Groups, 3.5 Minorities. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198703983.003.0023.

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This chapter addresses issues concerning the rights of persons belonging to minorities in the area of religion or belief. Unlike in many traditional concepts of ‘minority protection’, which typically singled out specific groups for specific protection, modern human rights law is not based on any essentialist notions of pre-defined minorities, but always takes as its starting point the self-definition of human beings, who should be free to express their identities as individuals and in community with others. The entry point for justifying particular attention and additional measures of empowerment is the experience of increased vulnerability, often amounting to forced assimilation. Persons belonging to religious minorities need an adequate infrastructure which allows them to develop their community life in a sustainable manner, if they so wish. Safeguarding the rights of persons belonging to minorities also requires measures against discrimination, not least by tackling prejudices and stereotypes. This chapter also explores issues concerning religious practices of indigenous peoples.

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