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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Pérovskites – Stabilité":
Ourahmoun, Ourida. "Les cellules solaires à base de matériaux pérovskites - Structures et performances". Journal of Renewable Energies 21, nr 4 (31.12.2018): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54966/jreen.v21i4.709.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Pérovskites – Stabilité":
Leblanc, Antonin. "Pérovskites Halogénées pour l'électronique". Thesis, Angers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANGE0006.
Although the Halogenated Perovskites based 3rd generation of solar cells are very promising, they suffer from a too short lifetime, which is due to a high instability of the Perovskite material towards the moisture in air. Since 10 years, many studies have considerably improved the lifespan of these solar cells, thanks in part to the engineering of the Perovskite material. That is in this context that the results of this thesis are located. Here, in this manuscript, the discovery of the new family of lead (or Tin) and Iodide (or Bromide) deficient Halogenated Perovskites is reported (abbreviated d-PHs). The d-PHs, particularly the Iodoplumbates d-PHs, present a lead lightened 3D Perovskite structure, and tolerate the incorporation of cations that don't respect the imposed limitation from the Goldschmidt factor. The Iodoplumbates d-PHs show suitable optoelectronic properties for an application in solar cells. Moreover, this d-PHs are more stable in open air, towards moisture. Remarkably, some of these d-PHs show a stability more than ten times higher than the stability of their non-deficient Perovskite counterparts. This d-PHs family opens up a new path for the chemistry of the 3D-structure Halogenated Perovskites, and also offers the possibility to combine efficiency and stability for Perovskites solar cells
Spalla, Manon. "Stabilité intrinsèque des cellules solaires pérovskites : impact de la formulation de la couche active et des couches de transport de charges". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI092.
Even though the concept of perovskite solar cells is recent, solar conversion efficiencies as high as 24% have already been reached. However the main challenge of this technology concerns its stability as the perovskite solar cells are sensitive to temperature, humidity, illumination... Therefore there is a vital need for a better understanding of the degradation mechanisms and thereby the possible mitigation strategies.This thesis has focused on optimizing the stability of the perovskite and its charge transport layers. A thorough analysis of the perovskite (such as MAPbI3) and its interfaces was performed. In this study we have made the choice to only use efficient charge transport layers which are compatible with a low temperature deposition process, such as tin dioxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide, poly (3-hexylthiophene) and poly (triaryl amine). Several aging tests have been carried out on the perovskite solar cells, combining relevant characterizations, and various mechanisms affecting their stability could thus be highlighted
Dally, Pia. "Cellules Solaires à base de Matériaux Pérovskites : De la caractérisation des matériaux à l’amélioration des rendements et de la stabilité". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI093.
In the past few years, hybrid perovskite solar cells have attracted a considerable amount of research and have undergone rapid development as next generation photovoltaics. The power conversion efficiency has then been rapidly increasing and has recently exceeded 25%. This class of materials has interesting optoelectronic properties such as a high optical absorption, a large diffusion length of the charge carriers as well as a low manufacturing cost. Nevertheless, there are several challenges that need to be addressed before commercialization will be possible, most significantly the long-term stability. In this thesis work, the main goal is to understand and improve the performance and stability under illumination of N-I-P perovskite-based solar cells. A detailed study of the reference system using CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite (MAPI) is presented by studying the formation mechanism of MAPI and its thermal behavior after annealing by XRD techniques. It showed that MAI and PbCl2 precursors initially form a MAPbCl3 layer, which transforms to MAPbI3 in an anion exchange reaction during thermal annealing, inducing a high level of strain in the MAPI layers. Solar cells were aged under continuous illumination (1 sun / 35°C) and showed severe efficiency loss. The origin of devices instability under illumination were investigated in depth thanks to the differential aging. It consists in aging the different layers under illumination before the deposition of top layers in order to determine the key parameter (layer or interface) responsible of this degradation. Results have shown that for long time scales, the upper layers (P-layer and gold electrode are responsible of solar cells degradation, while the N layer / MAPI interface causes degradation at the first hundred hours. To get further insight into the role of ETL / MAPI interface on device behavior; advanced characterization methods, combining XPS and ToFSIMS, were developed and made it possible to study the degradation of the stack glass / ITO / N layer / MAPI, aged under illumination. Improved system with double cations perovskite Cs0.05FA0.95Pb (I 0.83Br0.17)3 have also been studied and show better stability under illumination of complete cells
Llàcer, Martínez Jaume. "Matériaux pérovskites hybrides : caractérisation des propriétés électroniques et stabilité à l’échelle nanométrique". Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I062.
Global warming is one of the main concerns in our society nowadays, year after year the impact and consequences are becoming more visible. The Paris agreement set a target to limit the CO2 emission, which is mainly caused from the increasing demand for energy based on fossil fuels. Since then, the scientific community has increased their efforts on looking for clean energy sources such as renewable energies. In this regard, solar energy is meant to be one of the main energy sources that could replace fossil fuels. Therefore, photovoltaic technologies have evolved tremendously and, organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskite materials have been one of the technologies with the fastest growth in solar cell performance. Perovskite materials possess unique properties such as flexibility, low-cost and ease to manufacture. Nonetheless, there are still some issues regarding their stability against atmospheric conditions that need to be understood. This dissertation focuses on the characterization of the electrical properties at the nanoscale of perovskite-based thin films by means of scanning probe microscopies (Conducting AFM, Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy, and Scanning Microwave Microscopy).In this growing field of research, many perovskite structures, deposition methods, and synthesis routes have been developed and introduced in perovskite-based solar cells. In the first part of this dissertation, the context of perovskite materials is detailed and the methodology used through the thesis is also described. Then, we study and compare the electronic properties at the surface of perovskite materials synthesized following two different routes. Moreover, it is known that device engineering can increase both, the performance, and the stability of perovskite solar cells. In a second part if the thesis, we show that for a given perovskite structure, the stability upon exposure to controlled small amounts of water can be significantly improved through the synthesis optimization. Finally, we provide a series of conclusions and perspectives that could help to further understand the perovskite behaviour at the local scale and to improve the cell performances
Upasen, Settakorn. "Stabilité chimique et structurale de pérovskites céramiques de conductrice protoniques pour piles à combustible et électrolyseurs". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066270/document.
The chemical and structural stability of well-densified ceramics potentially used as H2/air fuelcell/electrolyzer (and perhaps in CO2/Hydrocabons Converter) electrolyte or electrodes vs. CO2-free/saturated pressurized water has been studied. The pressurization maximizes the efficiency of theenergy conversion systems. Four types of pervoskite-related oxide ceramics were concerned:BaCe0.4Zr0.5Y0.1Zn0.04O3-d (BCZYZ), SrZr0.9Er0.1O3-d (SZE), Ln2NiO4+d (LNO, Ln = La, Pr, Nd), andLa0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-d (LSCF6428). Dense ceramic samples were exposed at 550°C to water vaporpressure in an autoclave for days to weeks. The protonation treatments were performed in twodifferent conditions: operating condition (£20 bar of CO2-free water pressure, 550°C) and acceleratedaging conditions (³40 bar of CO2-free/CO2-saturated water pressure, 550°C). The pristine and‘protonated’ samples were characterized using various analysis techniques: Optical Microscopy,Thermogravimetry, Thermal Expansion, (micro/macro) ATR FTIR, Raman micro-spectroscopy, X-rayand Neutron Scattering. The study reveals that under the operating condition (£20 bar), the stability ofLNO/LSCF6428 electrode materials and of SZE electrolyte appears good, while the BCZYZelectrolyte exhibit significant corrosion. The superior stability of LSFC6428 exposed in extreme CO2-water vapor atmosphere was demonstrated about 5 to 30 times better than LNO and SZE homologues.The surface secondary phases form at the grain boundary. The protonation modifies more or less thestructure symmetry, the unit-cell volume/parameter and the phase transition sequence in relation withthe modification of the oxygen vacancy distribution. The proton doping level for different samples isalso discussed
Wei, Yi. "Synthesis and optical properties of self-assembled 2D layered organic-inorganic perovskites for optoelectronics". Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00905415.
Boussoufi, Félix. "Nanocristaux semi-conducteurs colloïdaux pour dispositifs opto-électroniques : synthèse et stabilité sous contraintes thermiques et optiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS231.
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals have become during the last thirty years a class of materials that can address new technological solutions for many applications, such as light emitting diodes, solar cells, infrared photodetectors, medical imaging systems, etc. Nevertheless, these nanocrystals suffer from poor stability against external stress (heat, light, humidity, oxygen), limiting their use in many applications. Today, it is therefore necessary to study the physicochemical phenomena at the origin of their degradation and to propose new solutions to improve their stability. The main objective of this thesis was to develop an ink of lead sulfide quantum dots (PbS QDs) for a near-infrared photodetector, with stable optoelectronic properties under thermal stress (150 °C for 3 h). The manuscript first presents a study of nanocrystals films made of PbS QDs capped with halide ligands, NH4I and PbX2 (X = I, Br). The optical and photoconductive properties degrade rapidly under the effect of heat, mainly because of the formation of a Pb5S2I6 parasitic phase and of the coalescence of the nanocrystals. An ink of PbS QDs stabilized by CsPbI3 perovskite precursors was subsequently developed. This formulation provides more thermally stable nanocrystal films with better preserved optical, structural and photoconductive properties. These PbS-CsPbI3 QDs films were integrated into a near-infrared (940 nm) photodiode-type photodetector, demonstrating an external quantum efficiency of nearly 49% and a dark current of 10-5 A/cm2, after undergoing the thermal treatment of 150 °C for 3 h. Finally, a spray-drying polymer encapsulation method for CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals is presented. The composite beads, made of acrylate-based polymers, possess a photoluminescence quantum yield of 35% with a fluorescence peak at 518 nm and a half-value width of 22 nm. The encapsulation of the nanocrystals allows an improvement of their photostability, with a stable green emission after 200 h under continuous illumination in an LED/nanocrystal downconverter device
Raval, Parth. "Insights into structure-stability-property relationships in hybrid perovskites using solid-state NMR spectroscopy". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR081.
In the last decade, there has been a progressive increase in the performance of solution-processed hybrid lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which has been enabled by means of compositional tailoring and interfacial engineering of the perovskite absorber layer and the charge transport layers. However, the long-term operational stability of these materials, including state-of-the-art perovskite formulations, is a major bottleneck in commercializing these materials. In this context, the main objective of this thesis is to understand the different degradation reactions and kinetics aspects of these reactions in hybrid perovskite layers and charge transport layers, especially in the presence of moisture. The degradation reactions in methylammonium (MA) and formamidinium (FA)-based perovskite formulation, in particular, MAPbI3, FAPbI3, and CsMAFAPbIxBr3-x, which are among the high-performing perovskite formulations in PSCs, are studied, analyzed, and compared. In doing so, these materials in crystalline and thin film forms are exposed to low (40% relative humidity, RH) and high (85% RH) water-vapor concentrations. However, the coexistence of the different organic/inorganic and hybrid byproducts and dilute concentrations of different phases formed during the degradation reactions raise challenges in terms of structural characterization. A multi-technique approach involving XRD, microscopy, and solid-state (ss)NMR spectroscopy has been employed to characterize the different degradation products. As a quantitative local characterization technique, ssNMR spectroscopy has notably the ability to probe dilute concentrations of organic byproducts formed upon degradation, which are challenging to detect using other structure-determining techniques. In particular, insights into the moisture-induced phase transformation reactions of FAPbI3 as a function of water vapor concentration, particle size, and light illumination have been obtained by this multi-technique approach. This concept has been later extended to investigate the cascading degradation reactions in MAPbI3-based perovskites with and without surface passivating agents. Our studies indicate that the stability of the perovskite can be adjusted from a few days to several months, depending on the moisture-exposure conditions. Finally, a combination of ssNMR, ssEPR, and computational modelling (NMR crystallography) has been employed to gain insight into the structure-stability-property relationship in a hole-transporting layer spiro-OMeTAD. A detailed study of degradation reactions using multiscale characterization techniques described in this thesis has wider implications for the molecular-level understanding of structure-processing-stability-property relationships in hybrid perovskites and charge transport layers
Hu, Zhelu. "Investigations towards more performing and more stable solution-processed hybrid perovskite solar cells". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS329.
In this Ph.D. thesis,I have been focused to investigate optimizations and strategies concerning the electron transportlayer (ETL),the hybrid perovskite active layer, and their interfaces in functional perovskite solar cells. On the investigatior of ETLs, I have performed two works: One is on the comparison of a simplified ETL-free planar perovskite solar cells,architecture to that with a planar TiO2 ETL (described in Chapter 2); Another work is on the comparison of perovskite,solat cells with well-oriented one-dimension TiO2 nanocolumn (NA) ETL to those with a planar TiO2 ETL (Chapter 3).On,the investigations of the perovskite active layer, mixed-cation and mixed-halide perovskite was applied into three,relevant works: (1) I optinized and maximized the grain size of the perovskite active layer (Chapter 2); (2) I studied nano-,structured hybrid perovskite fims and their light-harvesting enhancement (Chapter 6): (3) I investigated the thermal,properties of mixed-cation perovskite thin films to understand their improved thermal stability compared to,methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbi3) perovskite (Chapter 4). In addition, I studied passivation methods to alleviate the interfacial charge recombination and to improve the stability of perovskite solar cells (chapter 5)
Benhattab, Safia. "Synthèse et caractérisation de matériaux organiques transporteurs de trous à base de carbazole : application aux cellules solaires DSSC solides et pérovskite". Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR4014/document.
The aim of this work was to design, synthesize and characterize new carbazole based molecular glasses for the realization of solid state DSSC or perovskite solar cells. These structures would be an alternative to the reference molecule based on spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) mainly used in hybrid devices. We have optimized a simple way to synthetize a "synthon" as a precursor to the design of a wide variety of efficient hole transporting materials (HTM). This synthesis pathway has allowed producing a first generation of molecules based on a single carbazole synthon substituted by aryl groups (naphthalene, pyrene, triazatruxene) then a second generation incorporating two carbazole synthons separated by an alkyl spacer. In both cases, the synthesis pathways are simple and the energy conversion efficiencies generated in solid DSSCs are promising (between 2.22 % and 2.47 % with the D102 dye). A preliminary ageing study has consisted in analyzing the degradation during thermolysis or photolysis of a carbazole based thin film. It was shown that Cz-P possesses stability similar to Spiro-OMeTAD in the absence of oxygen. Finally, two carbazole molecular glasses were studied in perovskite cells to achieve conversion efficiencies of 13.08 % and 12.41 % (for Cz-P and Cz-PF respectively) almost identical to the one based on Spiro-OMeTAD (13.45 %), confirming that these carbazole based structures are good candidates for the realization of efficient perovskite cells