Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Périurbanisation – Et l'agriculture – Environnement”
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Tounkara, Sidy. "La valorisation des déchets organiques dans l'agriculture "péri-urbaine" à Dakar (Sénégal) : analyse d'une multifonctionnalité stratégique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20085.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe purpose of this thesis is to analyze the double issue of integration or the gradual disappearance of agriculture in the city of Dakar and the agricultural use of urban organic waste. The first aspect raises immediately the question of territorial governance of local public action. The second aspect refers to the multifunctionality of agriculture in the context of greening of human activities to protect the environment. How do gardeners adapt to this double concern: to maintain agriculture in city and promote urban organic waste? How can agricultural multifunctionality contribute to maintain and strengthen gardening activity? These issues were tackled by adopting an interdisciplinary approach crossing especially sociology and geography. We suppose that this new environmental function of “peri-urban” agriculture is an opportunity for gardeners in Dakar to develop strategies for adaptation to the local context and to the project of greening of agriculture. A geographical approach of Niayes’ space (Dakar) showed that agricultural practices are largely determined by the characteristics of this environment under human transformation reinforced by urbanization. We show also that the agenda of agricultural development problems in the city Dakar is likely to display political than an actual entry in the urban project. Finally, it remains blocking factors to overcome for “environmentally intensify” the systems of production of agriculture. Some of these factors are based on the registration of agricultural practices in the local socio-cultural system and the relations that gardeners have with the scientific “world” and environmental issues
Tounkara, Sidy. "La valorisation des déchets organiques dans l'agriculture "péri-urbaine" à Dakar (Sénégal) : analyse d'une multifonctionnalité stratégique". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20085/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe purpose of this thesis is to analyze the double issue of integration or the gradual disappearance of agriculture in the city of Dakar and the agricultural use of urban organic waste. The first aspect raises immediately the question of territorial governance of local public action. The second aspect refers to the multifunctionality of agriculture in the context of greening of human activities to protect the environment. How do gardeners adapt to this double concern: to maintain agriculture in city and promote urban organic waste? How can agricultural multifunctionality contribute to maintain and strengthen gardening activity? These issues were tackled by adopting an interdisciplinary approach crossing especially sociology and geography. We suppose that this new environmental function of “peri-urban” agriculture is an opportunity for gardeners in Dakar to develop strategies for adaptation to the local context and to the project of greening of agriculture. A geographical approach of Niayes’ space (Dakar) showed that agricultural practices are largely determined by the characteristics of this environment under human transformation reinforced by urbanization. We show also that the agenda of agricultural development problems in the city Dakar is likely to display political than an actual entry in the urban project. Finally, it remains blocking factors to overcome for “environmentally intensify” the systems of production of agriculture. Some of these factors are based on the registration of agricultural practices in the local socio-cultural system and the relations that gardeners have with the scientific “world” and environmental issues
Grolleau, Gilles. "Normalisation et certification environnementales : une application à l'agriculture". Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOE007.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe define and characterize the process of standardization and other related mechanisms. We show that the elaborated concepts face many limits in the real world. We stress several particular functions of organizational standards and consider eco-organizational standards as institutional devices. The second section characterizes voluntary environmental approaches. We achieve a generic model of adoption of voluntary approach by a conventional maximizing profit firm. We test econometrically the patterns of knowledge and the patterns of adoption of environmental management systems by farmers. The third section shows that the success of an eco-differentiation strategy depends on its capabilities to (1) attenuate the problems resulting from the public and credence properties of environmentally friendly agro-food stuffs and (2) mitigate the limits resulting from bounded cognitive characteristics of consumers, without generating excessive transaction costs
Sanz, Sanz María-Esther. "Planification urbaine et agriculture : méthodologie systémique de caractérisation de l'agriculture périurbaine à partir d'une recherche empirique en France et en Espagne". Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0115.
Pełny tekst źródłaSo far, agriculture has been addressed by urban planning through its landscape dimension, as a component of open-space areas. Today, collective issues linked with the multifunctionality of agriculture and raising urban concerns on food safety, legitimize the consideration of agriculture in territorial planning through its productive dimension. However, even if existing planning tools based on zoning can be used to protect the agricultural land, they hardly take into account the specificities of agriculture as an evolving economic activity within cities' sphere of influence. In addition, approaches to peri-urban agriculture often focus on the distance to the urban center, and this criterion on its own is not enough to reflect their diversity. In this context, we propose a systemic methodology for characterization of peri-urban agriculture, appropriate to the scale of public action and operational for the practice of planning. Combining geospatial analysis, field surveys and in-situ landscape analysis, we describe the diversity of peri-urban agricultural activities by the characterization of spatial units of peri-urban agriculture (USAPU) from criteria based on the structure, the functioning and the management of the landscape, referring to operational levers that can be used as an alternative or as a complement to zoning. The methodology used for the construction of USAPU is also transposable to other situations without the need for heavy field surveys. It has been validated by empirical use in two contrasting case studies (Avignon and Madrid). Finally, the method allows to discriminate productive areas that are potentially responsive to institutional incentives and thus to steer public action toward areas where it will be most efficient
Houimli, Ezzeddine. "Les facteurs de résistance et de fragilité de l'agriculture littorale face à l'urbanisation : le cas de la région de Sousse Nord en Tunisie". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004488.
Pełny tekst źródłaGhali, Mohamed. "Allier environnement et performances économiques des exploitations : des outils pour l'analyse de l'agriculture écologiquement intensive". Angers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ANGE0054.
Pełny tekst źródłaEcologically Intensive Agriculture (EIA) has emerged as a concept that could reach the dual challenge of environmental sustainability and productivity. The aim of this these is to understand the relevance of this concept through the analysis of agriculture-environment-economic performance relationship. We used different economic and multidisciplinary tools : 1) to discuss the originality of this concept, which aims to integrate environmental features and natural ressources as a specific production factors 2) to measure the technical efficiency of French farms, analyze their scope for improving energy ressources productivity and determine factors that could influence their overuse and 3) to analyze the economic and environmental impacts on a farm engaged in the EIA process. In addition to quantifiable and monetized ressources, this research has permitted to take into account other ressources such as soil quality, through the « engineer » production function obtained unsing biophysical models. Afficiency analysis has showed that the majority of farms are overusing energy ressources. Agricultural practises have heterogeneous effects on this overuse depending on the farm types and the nature of the used ressource. The bio-economic modeling of the studied farm shows that the adopted practices are as productive as traditional practices and help improving its economic and environmental efficiency
Kirsch, Alessandra. "Politique agricole commune, aides directes de l'agriculture et environnement : analyse en France, en Allemagne et au Royaume-Uni". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCG001/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaDoes the CAP direct payment distribution benefit to the most environmentally friendly farms? Following an environmental assessment state of the art, a set of environmental indicators has been created to rank farms on their potential environmental impacts using FADN datas. Then, these classes have been connected with the amounts of direct payments received. Results are processed on three types of farm (specialized in cereals and oilseeds, meat cows and milk cows). Associated with a comprehensive study of the reforms of the CAP since 1992, this empirical study allows to stand back on the consequences of the political decisions. It seems that if the 2nd pillar direct payments are directed in favour of the more environmental friendly farms, their weight remains too low compared with the aids of the 1st pillar, which are higher in the less virtuous farms. This is largely connected to the weight of the DPU in the direct payments, and to the French choice to base their calculation with regard to the history of the farm. That is why the simulations of the redistribution of the subsidies of the 1st pillar on horizon 2019 show that the rebalancing of these payments between the farms by a national harmonization will contribute to level the gap of 1st pillar direct payments by hectare between french farms. The comparison with the United Kingdom and Germany shows the effects of the subsidiarity, in particular during the decoupling: the harmonization of the decoupled payments allows the most environmental friendly farms to get higher direct payments per hectare
Bacconnier-Baylet, Sandrine. "L'agriculture dans les espaces périurbains toulousains : discours, pratiques et enjeux autour de l'activité agricole dans les politiques d'aménagement". Toulouse 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU2A103.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study is based on the assumption of a transformation of agriculture’s place and agriculture’s meaning in peri-urban areas. In such areas, local policies, as land planning process at its differents scales, is the occasion of confrontation between distinct types of actors (local and agriculture representatives) around the meaning of farming in peri-urbain areas. This study aims at investigating, in Toulouse urban areas, the differents scales where agriculture’s meaning and agriculture’s place are developed and seeks to describe negotiations which are at the origin of this transformations. We analyse with a diachronic approach, the transformation of social representations of agriculture and rurality in urban policies at differents scales. We show that the represents of agriculture negociate their place indeed their persistance with local representatives ; those look for restructurating their agriculture’s actions
Lorenzen, Martiny Matthew James. "Vers une nouvelle ruralité : urbanisation et changements dans l'agriculture dans le centre du Mexique". Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010512/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis analyses the causes and impacts of urbanization and rural gentrification in three municipalities of the state of Morelos, Mexico, and the reproduction strategies that native inhabitants draw on in this context. We examine two types of causes of this urbanisation and rural gentrification, those which, from the "production side", create the offer of gentritied spaces, and those which, from the "consumption si de", encourage the demand for these spaces. As for the impacts of this urbanisation and rural gentrification on the native inhabitants, they are, in general, positive in economic terms, encouraging the anchoring of these inhabitants to tbeir localities of origin through the creation of job opportunities (especially in the service sector), but negative in social and environmental terms, Moreover. we analyse the agricultural, agrarian and non agricultural reproduction strategies that the native inhabitants draw on in this context or urbanisation and rural gentrification. ln this way, we show that there is an expansion of non agricultural strategies - especiallv the adoption of non agricultural employrnent and the increase in schooling - !hat have impacts on agricultural strategies, notably concerning the reduction in the participation of family labour in agricultural activities and the increase in the weight of wage labour, and on land tenure strategies, encouraging the selling and renting out of plots
Brun, Guilhem. "Apprentissage et multifonctionnalité de l'agriculture : la genèse du Contrat territorial d'exploitation traduit la recherche d'un nouveau paradigme". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003IEPP0027.
Pełny tekst źródłaGatien, Amandine. "Spécificités de l'agriculture dans les vallées principales du bassin versant de la Maine". Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949507.
Pełny tekst źródłaAlphandéry, Pierre. "Les campagnes françaises de l'agriculture à l'environnement (1945-2000) : politiques publiques, dynamiques sociales et enjeux territoriaux". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001IEPP0012.
Pełny tekst źródłaOlivier, Ducourtieux. "Du riz et des arbres – L'élimination de l'agriculture d'abattis-brûlis, une constante politique au Laos". Phd thesis, Institut national agronomique paris-grignon - INA P-G, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00409644.
Pełny tekst źródłaL'étude du système agraire de Phongsaly, petite région du Nord Laos, a permis d'appréhender la diversité et la rationalité des pratiques paysannes d'abattis-brûlis, qui se sont différenciées au cours de l'histoire récente du fait d'une intervention croissante de l'Etat. Les résultats locaux sont cohérents avec la revue de la bibliographie existante : la plupart des critiques de ce système de production s'avèrent infondées. Quand elles participent à la déforestation, ce qui n'est pas systématique, les agricultures d'abattis-brûlis en rotation n'y jouent qu'un rôle limité ; l'exploitation forestière et les agricultures pionnières en sont les principales causes. La complexité et la logique des systèmes agraires d'abattis-brûlis sont classiquement méconnues par les groupes sociaux tiers. Les pratiques des essarteurs, généralement des montagnards et de minorités ethniques, sont évaluées par des habitants des plaines en fonction de leurs préoccupations et des utilités qu'ils assignent à la forêt et la montagne. Les scientifiques n'apportent que rarement un éclairage rigoureux et objectif dans ces débats au sein desquels abondent trop souvent les lieux communs. L'agriculture paysanne contribuant souvent positivement à la gestion de l'environnement, il convient de la revaloriser. Les politiques agricoles devraient donc prendre en compte les savoirs et l'expérience des paysans pour la gestion durable des ressources naturelles. L'unique possibilité pertinente est l'association des paysans à l'élaboration et la mise en œuvre des interventions publiques.
Ducourtieux, Olivier. "Du riz et des arbres : L'élimination de l'agriculture d'abattis-brûlis, une constante politique au Laos". Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001617.
Pełny tekst źródłaJoubert-Garnaud, Carole. "Les énergies renouvelables dans l'agriculture de la Charente-Maritime : l'émergence en milieu rural d'un nouveau moteur du développement économique et social non dépourvu d'incidences sur l'environnement local". Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00576083.
Pełny tekst źródłaMacaba, Adélaîde Maria. "L’apport des outils géomatiques dans l’analyse de l’extension des aires urbaines de Maputo et de ses problèmes environnementaux". Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080080/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaMaputo, Mozambique's capital is experiencing a population growth and an urban expansion very fast and progressive since 1980 which is mainly based on a strong demographic dynamics shown by the statistics of 1997 and 2007. With economic liberalization, the capital concentrates most of the foreign investments and activities and continues to attract people of all origins and becomes an advantaged polarized center, a polarity associated with its demographic, economic and spatial macrocephaly which causes an environmental pressure on an exceptionally fragile site. The use of geomatics brings out an environmental sensitivity associated with its urban dynamism and numerous hazards. Swamps, mangroves, slopes and flood depressions are on constant pressure. The superposition of these hazards with the urban industry highlights a significant vulnerability of these environments with the probability of occurrence of risks at various degrees. To climate variations that are felt acutely since the beginning of this millennium, the occupation of these areas mainly by urbanization causes the disruption of the ecological balance and increasing the vulnerability of this site. As a result of these changes, observed each year during heavy rains, a trend and diversified evolution of risks on the entire urban territory. The phenomena of soil erosion, floods and more recently the most violent phenomena such as landslides and washouts are frequent in Maputo, and contribute significantly to modify the urban landscape and it is responsible for the collapse of public buildings, urban infrastructures, housing and environmental degradation. Geomatics technologies have allowed us to identify and delineate areas of risks in the city of Maputo. Our research revealed also a situation of great economic and an urban uncertainty in population settled in these areas of risk. The crossing of risk maps and our field survey data show the particular mode of production of these risks. By harvesting opinions or analysis of the behavior of Maputo inhabitants it was a great enrichment in this study and we expect that the result of this work to promote risk awareness in Maputo
Surgido a favor dos interesses económicos do colonizador (Hassane, 2010), a feitoria mercantil decide de instalar-se, em 1825, numa planície baixa à escassa distância da margem do rio Espirito Santo (Mendes, 1979). A partir de 1970, ele inicia o seu desenvolvimento urbano, indo além da sua linha de defesa construída em 1868 e que impedia a entrada de populações autóctones na aglomeração (Mendes, 1979). A Norte, a linha de defesa e sua aglomeração eram separadas do continente por um pântano (Mendes, 1979). Estas descrições assinalam as condições muito particulares do sítio com contornos difíceis e constituído de espaços naturais sensíveis de tamanhos muito diversos. Este mesmo sítio está exposto a fortes pressões causadas por empreendimentos há mais de um século e meio. Alguns espaços adaptaram-se às condições extremas quando outros sofrem e deixam transparecer as sensibilidades quanto às mudanças desses meios. Localizado no litoral, Maputo é um sítio que apresenta uma diversidade de paisagem com fortes sensibilidades e frágil. Zona de interface entre o mar e o continente, o litoral é um espaço fisicamente e naturalmente delimitado, dum lado, por sua topografia e do outro lado, os meios com enfeites de paisagem. Contudo, em todo o mundo, o litoral é um espaço atraente e a superfície dos espaços artificializados é hoje muito notável. Com efeito, assiste-se no fim do século XIX a uma urbanização crescente dos espaços dos quais alguns sofrem uma ocupação e uma dinâmica muito antiga de que Maputo faz parte. Localizado num local estrategicamente escolhido por suas qualidades de navegabilidade, ele constrói um porto numa extensão marítima, numa costa baixa e exígua, que mais tarde vai garantir o desenvolvimento no interior. O porto e sua aglomeração, inicialmente exposto a ameaças frequentes das marés e das ondas chega por fim a dominar os caprichos da natureza construindo barreiras par impedir a propagação marítima pela construção de represas, de aterros… O sítio transformou-se e artificializou-se consideravelmente impulsionando assim um desenvolvimento urbano e progressivo que se vê nos dias. O que nos interessa nesta nova dinâmica urbana é maneira como ela ocorre. O problema é essencialmente ligado ao fluxo massivo de populações para as cidades que se fizeram sentir desde 1975 enquanto dispunha de fraca capacidade de acolhimento. Para se instalar, as populações recorreram a ocupações ilegais dos espaços. Perante essa situação e não dispondo de recursos, a autoridade responsável não se impus a essas instalações como a única resposta ao problema que se sofridos pela cidade de Maputo de par a sua situação geográfica e dos seus factores naturais vulneráveis
Nefzi-Bouzidi, Aida. "Evaluation économique de l'impact du changement climatique sur l'agriculture : étude théorique et application au cas de la Tunisie". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-01056525.
Pełny tekst źródłaBaszynski, Sophie. "Évolutions récentes de l'agriculture française. Analyse géographique des tendances régionales et de la mise en place d'un nouveau dispositif d'aménagement du territoire, le Contrat Territorial d'Exploitation (C.T.E.)". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00924637.
Pełny tekst źródłaDony, Sophie. "Évolutions récentes de l'agriculture française : analyse géographique des grandes tendances régionales et de la mise en place d'un nouveau dispositif d'aménagement du territoire, le contrat territorial d'exploitation (C. T. E.)". Besançon, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00924637.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe recent transformations in French agriculture and the emergence of the concept of sustainable development in the last decade have pushed politicians to defining new measures, of which most concern agriculture. Firstly, we propose to analyze the recent evolutions in French agriculture, particularly in the last mandate during which the most radical transformations occurred. However, the main part of the research concerns a particular aspect of spatial planning: the “Contrat territorial d'Exploitation” (the territorial exploitation contract), or CTE. The CTE is resulting from the analysis of transformations in agriculture and their environmental and territorial consequences. The CTE implies numerous restrictions, which we'll identify firstly through the complicated implementation, then through the spatial application in the French regions. Finally, the CTE at a local level are examined. They concern two provinces of the Franche-Comté region: the provinces of Haute-Saône and Doubs. This analysis allows apprehending the complexity of the instrument and the various types of contracts that exist in the studied areas. This results in a general typology of exploitations concerned by a CTE, who represents, besides the global tendencies of the province, an enormous geographical diversity of localisation. Even when it has been impossible to follow the application of the CTE, the analysis brings up numerous questions concerning the effectiveness of the instrument and of its successor, the “Contrat d'Agriculture Durable” (Contract of Sustainable Agriculture), or CAD
Pace, Benoit. "Organisation et usages des espaces en Aquitaine méridionale durant la période romaine (Ier s. a.C. - Ve s. p.C.)". Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU1087.
Pełny tekst źródłaIs research had been defined as an interrogation about the way that mountain spaces, piedmont and plain of southem aquitaine were structured,lay out and used during roman period between end of 1st Century BC and the first hait of 5th entury AD. Positioned at the intersection between Arohaeology and Geomalics (statistical analysis of data, spatial modelling, development and use of GIS) this thesis is based on a diachronie collective research project between the Garonne nd Ebro rivera (POEM - project financed by the Pau and Pyrenees Agglomeration Community (C.DA.P.P.),under the direction of Fr. Réchin).The core of this thesis is the analysis of ancientsetuementsystems and dynamics between the Garonne and the Pyranees.lt s based on the elaboration of an original conceptual data model (CDM)allowing to circumscribe the main factors composing is system and thus takes into account a set of complementary data including all the layers of habitats (urban and rural) vailable; the main artisanal activities;the communication networks as well as the forms of the sacred (religious andfunerary).The problematie developed inthis thesis therefore relate as much to the distribution of settlements as to their setllement trategy induced by their relationship with the environment (hydrographie,topographie,pedological,etc.),or to their creation nd abandonmentdynamics,their functional characterization and their formation into a coherent settlement network in the long term
Jeanneaux, Philippe. "Les conflits d'usage dans les espaces périurbains et ruraux français : une approche par l'analyse économique de la décision publique". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00424110.
Pełny tekst źródłaRollin, Jérôme. "Normes environnementales et diversité périurbaine : Les enjeux de la professionnalisation de l'assainissement non collectif". Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00986712.
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