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Druffel, Ellen R. M., Sheila Griffin, Jeomshik Hwang, Tomoko Komada, Steven R. Beaupre, Kevin C. Druffel-Rodriguez, Guaciara M. Santos i John Southon. "Variability of Monthly Radiocarbon During the 1760S in Corals from the Galapagos Islands". Radiocarbon 46, nr 2 (2004): 627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200035670.
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Radiocarbon (Δ14C) measurements of monthly samples from a Galapagos surface coral are among the first data sets from the new Keck Carbon Cycle Accelerator Mass Spectrometry laboratory at the University of California, Irvine. An average Δ14C value of −62 is obtained for 144 measurements of samples from monthly coral bands that lived from about AD 1760–1771 (±6 yr). High Δ14C values were found during January through March, when upwelling was weak or absent at the Galapagos Islands. Low Δ14C values were obtained mid-year during strong upwelling. The average seasonal variability of Δ14C was 15–25, which is greater than that at other tropical and subtropical locations in the Pacific Ocean because of intense seasonal upwelling at this site. Periods of sustained high Δ14C values were found during 1762–1763 and 1766. A spectral analysis revealed that the spectral density for the Δ14C data displays most of its variance at the 5-yr cycle, which is reflective of El Niño periodicity during the 20th century.
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Hauge, Peter. "Composer, Translator and Educator. Kapellmeister Scheibe and the Emerging Liberal Market during the Second Half of the Eighteenth Century". Fund og Forskning i Det Kongelige Biblioteks Samlinger 55 (3.03.2016): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/fof.v55i0.118914.
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Peter Hauge: Komponist, oversætter og pædagog: Kapelmester Scheibe og det spirende frie marked i anden halvdel af det 18. århundrede
Kapelmesteren Johann Adolph Scheibe (1708-1776), virkede det meste af sit liv i Danmark i en periode, hvor store sociale ændringer fandt sted blandt andet med hensyn til musikeres ansættelsesmuligheder. I nærværende artikel forklares Scheibes forskellige valg med hensyn til arbejde ud fra de muligheder, der bød sig i løbet af de 36 år han var i Danmark: Fra en fast stilling ved hoffet som kapelmester i få år pensioneredes Scheibe i 1748 og flyttede med familien til Sønderborg, hvor han oprettede en musikskole for børn og supplerede sin pension med blandt andet at oversætte bøger fra dansk til tysk; samtidig var han meget aktiv i de forskellige musikalske selskaber i København, hvortil han ofte rejste. Sandsynligvis på grund af de usikre forhold under Syvårskrigen (1756-1763), der også påvirkede Sønderjylland og de danske hertugdømmer, besluttede han sig for at flytte tilbage til København, hvor han nedsatte sig som underviser i komposition og generalbas. Samtidig fik han ofte bestillinger fra hoffet om at komponere større musikalske værker til fejring af officielle begivenheder. Scheibe virkede altså som ‘freelance’ komponist og underviser – en ansættelsesform som i forbindelse med Christian 6.s død i 1766 skabte problemer, idet hoffet ikke ville anerkende, at Scheibe skulle betales for arbejdet. Man mente, at Scheibes pension, som han stadig fik, betød, at han stadig stod til rådighed for hoffet. Scheibes position i dansk musikliv er exceptionel og viser den grynende udvikling af andre mere liberale ansættelsesformer.
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Roguna, S., i S. Alfiandy. "Trend analysis of total rainfall events with light and heavy intensity for the 1976 – 2019 periode in Majene District – West Sulawesi". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1763, nr 1 (1.01.2021): 012056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1763/1/012056.
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Przybylak, Rajmund, Garima Singh, Przemysław Wyszyński, Andrzej Araźny i Konrad Chmist. "Air temperature changes in SW Greenland in the second half of the 18th century". Climate of the Past 20, nr 7 (8.07.2024): 1451–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1451-2024.
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Abstract. The thermal conditions of south-western Greenland in the second half of the 18th century were estimated using two unique series of meteorological observations. The first series (Neu-Herrnhut, 1 September 1767 to 22 July 1768, hereinafter 1767–1768) is the oldest long-term series of instrumental measurements of air temperature available for Greenland. The second (Godthaab, September 1784 to June 1792) contains the most significant and reliable data for Greenland for the study period. The quality-controlled and corrected data were used to calculate daily, monthly, seasonal and yearly means. The daily means were further used to calculate day-to-day temperature variability (DDTV), thermal seasons, growing degree days (GDDs), the air thawing index (ATI), positive degree days (PDDs) and air freezing index (AFI) degree days. Air temperature in Godthaab (now Nuuk) was, on average, warmer than the present day (1991–2020) in 1767–1768 and colder in 1784–1792. Compared to the early 20th-century Arctic warming (ETCAW) period, the data for the two sub-periods show that the late 18th century was as warm or even warmer. Except winter 1767/1768, winters and springs in the study period were longer, while summers and autumns were shorter than at present. The analysed climate indices usually did not exceed the maximum and minimum values from 1991–2020. Mean daily air temperature in the studied historical periods rarely exceed ±2 SD (standard deviation) of the long-term mean calculated for the contemporary period. Air temperature distribution was usually close to normal, in both historical and contemporary periods.
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Castro Roldán, Andrés. "Un jesuita en los límites de la religión: Joannes Alexius Schabel y la misión de Curazao (1698-1715)". Fronteras de la Historia 13, nr 2 (29.12.2008): 327–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22380/20274688.497.
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Este artículo expone la problemática misional del jesuita checo Joannes Alexius Schabel durante el periodo de la guerra de sucesión (1703-1713). Se analiza en él, particularmente, el tema del poder pastoral desde el ángulo de la observancia religiosa y de los conflictos entre misioneros en la isla de Curazao, territorio por entonces bajo control de judíos y calvinistas, pero próximo al mundo católico del continente (Venezuela).
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Taras, Viktoriya. "THE CREATIVE WORK OF ARCHITECTOR PIERRE RICAUD DE TIRREGAILLE". Current Issues in Research, Conservation and Restoration of Historic Fortifications 2020, nr 13 (2020): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/fortifications2020.13.133.
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In this article we examine the figure of the military engineer, geometer, architect Pierre Rico de Tirregaille (Tirrgaille, French Pierre Ricaud de Tirregaille, Ricaud (Ricaut, Ryko) Pierre de Tirregaille (Tirgaille)). The years of his activity (about 1725 - after 1772) are relatively well known to researchers. But his biography remains unknown, except for the period of activity in the Commonwealth. Analysis of the results of previous research has shown that scientific research has been conducted in several areas. The first area includes research on biographical information about the architect. The second area includes studies on various projects that Pierre Rico de Tirregail commissioned. Manuscripts and graphics are important sources for finding out about Pierre Rico de Tirregail and his design work. They are stored in the archives of Warsaw, Krakow, the National Heritage Institute in Warsaw and the National Library of France in Paris. Pierre Ricaud de Tirregaille was born around 1725 in a French noble family in the district of Tiregale in Provence. His professional education was improved in Barcelona under the guidance of engineer Francis Ricode de Tierreagil. In the territory of the Polish– Lithuanian Commonwealth he worked from 1752 to 1762. We distinguish three periods in the activity of the architect: I - Warsaw (1752–1757), II - Lviv (1757–1760) and III - Warsaw (1760–1762). Most orders were received by the architect from several magnate families: Branicki, Potocki, Mniszeck, and others. The first mention of Pierre Rico de Tirregail's stay in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth dates back to 1752, when he received the rank of lieutenant in the infantry regiment of the Grand Crown Hetman Jan Kliment Branicki (1689–1771). In the architect's portfolio were included: the project and management of installation works on the water supply of the garden and menagerie in the city of Bialystok, the project of the palace with a garden in the city of Krystynopol, the palace in the village Pespa, a project of the Palace Chatsky-Felinsky in Lviv, a project for the modernization of the palace for Anthony Bielsky. Probably, the palace garden for the Greek Catholic Metropolitans in Lviv and the palace with a garden in Krakovets are his work as well. Pierre Ricaud de Tirregaille also made a detailed plan of the city of Warsaw on a scale of 1:1000 between 1762–1763. After an eleven-year stay in Poland, Pierre Rico de Tirregail moved to Berlin. In Berlin, he received a position in the military engineering corps and a position as a teacher at the court of King Frederick II of Prussia. In 1772, in Potsdam, he published a numismatic treatise devoted to Rossian medals of the eighteenth century.
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Baladrón Alonso, Javier. "escultor rococó José Fernández (1713-1783)". BSAA arte, nr 88 (1.12.2022): 247–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24197/bsaaa.88.2022.247-273.
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Siempre se ha venido señalando que la escultura vallisoletana sufrió un periodo de acusada decadencia durante el siglo XVIII, afirmación matizable que sin duda se debe al escaso conocimiento y falta de investigación de la misma, dado que la escuela contó con maestros tan destacados como Pedro de Ávila (1678-1755), Pedro de Sierra (1702-1761) y Felipe de Espinabete (1719-1799). Hoy presentamos a un interesantísimo escultor, casi desconocido, que por sus méritos artísticos bien merece ocupar un puesto de honor en la escultura barroca vallisoletana. Estamos hablando de José Fernández (1713-1783).
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Fransen, Sietske. "Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, His Images and Draughtsmen". Perspectives on Science 27, nr 3 (czerwiec 2019): 485–544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00314.
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This article provides, for the first time, an overview of all images (drawings and prints) sent by the Dutch microscopist Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723) to the Royal Society during their fifty-year long correspondence. Analyses of the images and close reading of the letters have led to an identification of three periods in which Leeuwenhoek worked together with artists. The first period (1673–1689) is characterized by the work of several draughtsmen as well as Leeuwenhoek’s own improving attempts to depict his observations. In the second period (1692–1712) Leeuwenhoek worked together with one unknown draughtsman, while the work in the third period (1713–1723) can now be attributed to the young draughtsman Willem vander Wilt. This article also shows how Leeuwenhoek did not only rely on draughtsmen for the depiction of his own observations, but rather, how he worked together with them in his workshop to observe, confirm, and witness microscopic experiments, replicating the collaborative working methods of the Royal Society in Delft.
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Walton, Gary M., Ronald Hoffman, John J. McCusker, Russell R. Menard i Peter J. Albert. "The Economy of Early America: The Revolutionary Period, 1763-1790". William and Mary Quarterly 46, nr 2 (kwiecień 1989): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1920273.
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Carr, Lois Green, Ronald Hoffman, John J. McCusker, Russell R. Menard i Peter J. Albert. "The Economy of Early America: The Revolutionary Period, 1763-1790". Journal of Interdisciplinary History 20, nr 1 (1989): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/204070.
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Rubinstein, W. D., Ronald Hoffman, John J. McCusker, Russell R. Menard i Peter J. Albert. "The Economy of Early America: The Revolutionary Period, 1763-1790." Economic History Review 42, nr 2 (maj 1989): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2596234.
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Morgan, Kenneth, Ronald Hoffman, John J. McCusker, Russell R. Menard i Peter J. Albert. "The Economy of Early America: The Revolutionary Period, 1763-1790". Journal of American History 75, nr 4 (marzec 1989): 1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1908669.
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Walsh, Lorena S., i Ronald Hoffman. "The Economy of Early America: The Revolutionary Period, 1763-1790." American Historical Review 95, nr 3 (czerwiec 1990): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2164460.
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Lindstrom, Diane, Ronald Hoffman, John J. McCusker, Russell R. Menard i Peter J. Albert. "The Economy of Early America: The Revolutionary Period, 1763-1790." Journal of Southern History 55, nr 3 (sierpień 1989): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2208419.
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Quarlery, Lía. "Comunalización jesuita y desintegración reduccional. Políticas alternativas de colonización en la frontera luso-española". Histórica 38, nr 2 (26.11.2014): 111–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18800/historica.201402.004.
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En el presente trabajo, por medio de un recorrido histórico amplio y del análisis de ordenanzas sobre la administración misional emitidas en el periodo de dominio de la Compañía de Jesús (1620-1767) y en el posjesuita (1768-1801) en el territorio ocupado por los guaraníes, se analizan las características de dos modelos de organización y administración de dicha población: el de comunalización jesuita y el de asimilación borbónica. Específicamente, se reconstruyen las bases ideológicas, los factores contextuales y los objetivos políticos inscritos en ambos modelos, como también se contrasta a estos últimos a partir de ciertos cuadros de oposiciones: pureza y mestizaje, comunidad e individuo, sujeción espacial y movilidad, y segregación y asimilación.
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Calles Lombao, Marcos Gerardo. "Una revisión documental de la obra del escultor Agustín Baamonde durante el siglo XVIII en la diócesis de Lugo". Cuadernos de Estudios Gallegos 69, nr 135 (27.07.2022): 375–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ceg.2022.135.12.
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La presente revisión documental presenta una perspectiva global de la obra del escultor lucense Agustín Baamonde durante el siglo XVIII en la Diócesis de Lugo. El trabajo en las bibliotecas y archivos lucenses ha permitido localizar un conjunto de documentación vinculada a este maestro que, desde su entrada en la Catedral de Lugo en 1737, consiguió asentarse en la profesión y acometer importantes obras en este edificio, como el retablo de Santa Catalina (1764). Su obra fuera de la catedral fue notable gracias a trabajos como el retablo de la capilla mayor del Convento de San Jacinto en Monforte de Lemos (1761) o el pabellón del retablo del Ecce Homo de la capilla de la Venerable Orden Tercera de Lugo (1769), pudiendo ser considerado el principal escultor de la diócesis en ese periodo temporal.
[gl] A presente revisión documental presenta unha perspectiva global da obra do escultor lucense Agustín Baamonde durante o século XVIII na Diocese de Lugo. O traballo nas bibliotecas e arquivos lucenses permitiu localizar un conxunto de documentación vinculada a este mestre que, dende a súa entrada na Catedral de Lugo no ano 1737, conseguiu consolidarse na profesión e facer importantes obras nese templo, como o retablo de Santa Catalina (1764). A súa obra fóra da catedral foi notable grazas a intervencións como o retablo da capela maior do Convento de San Jacinto en Monforte de Lemos (1761) ou o pavillón do retablo do Ecce Homo da capela da Venerable Orde Terceira de Lugo (1769), podendo ser considerado como o mellor escultor da diocese nese período temporal.
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Munoz Navarro, Daniel. "L'approvvigionamento di Valencia (1650-1763). Consumi, mercato e istituzioni". STORIA URBANA, nr 134 (czerwiec 2012): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/su2012-134007.
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Abastecimiento Alimentación Mercado Valencia, Ss. XVII-XVIII El presente artículo tiene por objetivo realizar un análisis del abastecimiento de vituallas en Valencia entre 1650 y 1763, a través del estudio de los autos de buen gobierno promulgados en este periodo por las autoridades municipales. Principalmente, pretendemos romper los planteamientos clásicas, centrados casi exclusivamente en el abasto de trigo, reivindicando la presencia de otro tipo de alimentos, tales como frutas, verduras, carne, pescado o queso entre otros, dentro de la dieta de antiguo régimen. Las fuentes utilizadas para nuestro estudio son de naturaleza jurídica, los autos de buen gobierno promulgados en este periodo por las autoridades municipales. A través de esta documentación, planteamos una metodología que complemente los estudios clásicos, excesivamente cuantitativos, con la información cualitativa y el análisis de variables sociales, institucionales y jurídicas. A la luz de esta documentación hemos podido comprobar la existencia de una menor dependencia frumentaria de la ciudad de Valencia, así como una dieta más variada de lo que plantean los estudios clásicos, el incremento de las dificultades de aprovisionamiento en Valencia durante la primera mitad del XVIII. Destacan el papel que los revendedores jugaron en esta inestabilidad, así como la incapacidad de las autoridades y de los sistemas de abasto para hacer frente a la nueva realidad de Valencia en esta centuria. Por lo tanto, y en conclusión, senalamos la necesidad de incidir en los estudios sobre abastecimiento desde un punto de partida más complejo, metodológica y documentalmente, que permita obtener un análisis más complejo y acertado sobre este tema de investigación.
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Choompolpaisal, Phibul. "Boran Kammatthan (Ancient Theravada) Meditation Transmissions in Siam from late Ayutthaya to Rattanakosin periods". Buddhist Studies Review 38, nr 2 (25.11.2021): 225–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/bsrv.21196.
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This article investigates three distinct lineages of the transmission of the ancient Theravada meditation, boran kammatthan (Thai, Khmer; Pali, purana kammatthana), in Siam from the late Ayutthaya to the Thonburi and Rattanakosin periods, as well as the survival of two of them as living practices. It traces the Ayutthaya lineage of the Supreme Patriarch Suk Kaitheun (1733–1822) back from Wat Ratchasittharam (Thonburi) in the present to Wat Pa Kaew (Ayutthaya) in the sixteenth century. It also looks at the transmission of boran kammatthan from Wat Choengtha and other temples in Ayutthaya via Wat Hongrattanaram (Thonburi) to Wat Intharam (Thonburi) by King Taksin (r.1767–1782) and the Supreme Patriarchs of Thonburi under his support in the eighteenth century. It finally looks at the continuing transmission at Wat Pradusongtham (Ayutthaya) from the 1750s to the present. Key meditation teachers, covered in this article, include the Supreme Patriarchs of Thonburi and early Bangkok periods, as well as King Taksin. Overall, by documenting more than one transmission from a historical point of view, I argue in this article that there could be various meditation lineages that transmitted diverse practices within the broad framework of boran kammatthan.
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Kundrotas, Gintautas. "Lithuanian language intonation: history of research, in the context of language intonology". Językoznawstwo 14, nr 1(14)/2020 (22.03.2021): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.25312/2391-5137.14/2020_12gk.
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The linguists Jablonskis (1911) and Durys (1927) were the first to study Lithuanian language intonation. Research on intonation in other European languages (English, Russian) began earlier, in the 16th and 17th centuries (English: Hart (1551) and Butler (1634); Russian: Lomonosov (1743, 1765)). The beginning and the second half of the 20th century were the most productive research periods on Lithuanian language intonation. Intonation was studied by Lithuanian linguists – syntax specialists and phoneticians. A considerable amount of research using methods of experimental phonetics was carried out. The main authors were the syntactician Balkevičius (1963, 1998) and the phoneticians Pukelis (1972) and Bikulčienė (1976), Pakerys (2003), Girdenis (1980; 2003). Variants of the Lithuanian language intonation system inventory are presented in the numerous works of the author. Keywords: intonation, experimental phonetics, intonation units, intonation system of the Lithuanian language, intonation typology.
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Gonçalves, Miguel. "Contribuição para a história da profissão contabilística em Portugal: o primeiro guarda-livros com diploma escolar (1771)". De Computis - Revista Española de Historia de la Contabilidad 14, nr 26 (3.07.2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26784/issn.1886-1881.v14i26.297.
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O trabalho introduz na historiografia contabilística o nome de um agente português que ajudou a disseminar as partidas dobradas em Portugal e divulga, comentando criticamente, a versão manuscrita original daquele que se crê ser o primeiro diploma de curso de um guarda-livros português. O profissional em questão, Felix Potier (1741-1790), um português nascido em Lisboa, filho de um negociante francês aí radicado, formou-se em 1763, mas apenas em 1771 terá requerido o seu diploma de curso. Potier foi um dos primeiros 61 alunos da Aula do Comércio, escola de contabilidade fundada em 1759 em Lisboa por Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, mais conhecido pelo seu título nobiliárquico de Marquês de Pombal (1770). Dos 61 alunos matriculados aquando da inauguração da escola, apenas 31 terão pedido à Junta do Comércio o seu diploma de conclusão de curso. E, tudo assim o indica, apenas uma dessas cartas de curso certificadoras das habilitações literárias obtidas na Aula do Comércio sobreviveu à inexorável passagem do tempo; aquela que este artigo intenta mostrar à comunidade, datada de 10 de janeiro de 1771, emitida pela Junta do Comércio, a instituição governamental a quem cabia a incumbência de gerir a escola. Potier iniciou o seu percurso profissional no Erário Régio (1763-1767) e depois, em 1767, começou a sua atividade no Colégio Real dos Nobres, instituição na qual foi o responsável pela contabilidade durante mais de 20 anos. As conclusões apoiam-se em fontes primárias de investigação, em legislação e em recursos secundários. O artigo contribui para a literatura com informação que permite um novo verbete no Dicionário de Professores e Alunos das Aulas de Comércio (1974), compêndio de Francisco Santana, cuja atualização se julga muito útil para a história da contabilidade lusófona. O estudo adiciona, bem assim, outros novos elementos ao conhecimento em geral e ao conhecimento da história da contabilidade, em particular, designadamente informação relacionada com a formação escolar de Francisco Bento Maria Targini, tesoureiro-mor do Erário Régio, organização pública estabelecida no Brasil em 1808 pelo Príncipe Regente D. João (futuro Rei D. João VI).El trabajo introduce en la historiografía contable el nombre de un agente portugués que ayudó a difundir la partida doble en Portugal y difunde y comenta críticamente la versión manuscrita original de lo que se cree que es el primer curso de diploma de un tenedor de libros en Portugal. El profesional en cuestión, Felix Potier (1741-1790), un portugués nacido en Lisboa, hijo de un comerciante francés que se estableció allí, se graduó en 1763, pero sólo en 1771 ha requerido su diploma del curso. Potier fue uno de los primeros 61 estudiantes de la Escuela de Comercio de Lisboa, institución fundada en 1759 por el Marqués de Pombal, mejor conocido por su título de Marqués de Pombal (1770). De los 61 estudiantes matriculados en la inauguración de la escuela, sólo 31 solicitarán a la Junta de Comercio su certificado de finalización del curso. Y todo indica que sólo una de estas cartas de certificación de las calificaciones obtenidas en la Escuela de Comercio sobrevivió al paso inexorable del tiempo; la que este artículo intenta mostrar a la comunidad, emitida en 10 de enero de 1771, por la Junta de Comercio, la institución gubernamental a la que correspondía la tarea de gestionar la escuela. Potier comenzó su carrera en la Real Hacienda (1763-1767) y en 1767, comenzó su actividad en el Real Colegio de Nobles, institución en la que era responsable por la contabilidad por un periodo de tempo superior a 20 años. Los resultados de este artículo están apoyados por fuentes primarias de investigación, legislación y por recursos secundarios. El documento contribuye a la literatura con información inédita, hasta ahora, que permite una nueva entrada en el Dicionário de Professores e Alunos das Aulas de Comércio (1974) [Diccionario de Profesores y Estudiantes de las Escuelas de Comercio], compendio de Francisco Santana, cuya actualización se considera muy útil para la historia de la contabilidad de habla portuguesa. El estudio agrega otros elementos al conocimiento general y al conocimiento de la historia de la contabilidad, en particular, incluyendo información relacionada con la educación de Francisco Bento María Targini, tesorero jefe de la Real Hacienda establecida en Brasil en 1808 por el Príncipe Regente D. João (futuro Rey D. João VI).The paper introduces in the accounting historiography the name of a Portuguese agent who helped to spread double entry bookkeeping in Portugal and seeks to disseminate and comment critically the original handwritten version of what is believed to be the first diploma of a bookkeeper in Portugal. The professional in question, Felix Potier (1741-1790), a Portuguese born in Lisbon, the son of a French merchant settled there, was graduated in 1763, but only in 1771 have required its diploma. Potier was one of the first 61 students of the School of Commerce, an accounting school founded in 1759 in Lisbon by Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, best known for his noble title of Marquis of Pombal (1770). Of the 61 students enrolled at the school's inauguration, only 31 have requested their certificate to the Board of Trade, the government institution to whom it was up the task of managing the school. It is believed that only one of these certification course diplomas obtained have survived the inexorable passage of time; the one that this article attempts to show the community, dated January 10, 1771, issued by the Board of Trade. Potier began his career in the Royal Treasury (1763-1767) and then, in 1767, he moved to the Royal College of Nobles, an institution where he was the responsible for accounting for more than 20 years. Our findings are supported by primary sources of research, legislation and secondary resources. The paper contributes to the literature with information that allows a new entry in the Dicionário de Professores e Alunos das Aulas de Comércio (1974) [Dictionary of Teachers and Students of the Schools of Commerce], a compendium of Francisco Santana, whose update is thought to be very useful for the history of Portuguese accounting. The study also adds other elements to the general knowledge and knowledge of the history of accounting, especially information related to the school education of Francisco Bento Maria Targini, general treasurer of the Royal Treasury established in Brazil in 1808 by Prince Regent D. João (future King D. João VI).
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Gómez-Juárez de la Torre, Fernando Ignacio. "La nueva organización del área económico-administrativa de la real armada. implantación y validación en el departamento de Cartagena (1772-1788)". De Computis - Revista Española de Historia de la Contabilidad 15, nr 2 (26.12.2018): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.26784/issn.1886-1881.v15i2.339.
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El desastre militar y económico que supuso para España su participación en la Guerra de los Siete Años (1761-1763) forzó a Carlos III a impulsar un proceso reformador a todos los niveles de la Monarquía con el objeto de mantener sus posesiones. La Real Armada fue una de las instituciones más afectadas por las reformas, las cuales también alcanzaron a su área administrativa. En este entorno concreto, los cambios llegaron de la mano de unas nuevas ordenanzas publicadas en 1772 (Pertrechos e Ingenieros) y en 1776 (Arsenales) que implantaron nuevos procesos, nuevos responsables, y una innovadora forma de financiación basada en un control presupuestario. Este nuevo sistema de gestión económico-administrativa de la Marina fue muy criticado en su época, acusándole de no ser merecedor de este nombre y ser uno de los responsables de los males que aquejaron a la Real Armada de finales del siglo XVIII y principios del XIX (Salazar y Salazar, 1814).El objetivo de la tesis es corroborar o rebatir la existencia de un sistema de gestión económico-administrativa en la Real Armada en el periodo 1772-1788, tanto desde un punto de vista teórico como la verificación de su aplicación práctica en los Departamentos peninsulares.
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Cerano Paredes, Julián, José Villanueva Díaz, Peter Z. Fulé, Jesús Guadalupe Arreola Ávila, Ignacio Sánchez Cohen i Ricardo David Valdez Cepeda. "Reconstrucción de 350 años de precipitación para el suroeste de Chihuahua, México". Madera y Bosques 15, nr 2 (30.08.2016): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21829/myb.2009.1521189.
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En el suroeste del estado de Chihuahua, México, en la reserva “Cerro El Mohinora” se desarrollaron series de tiempo dendrocronológicas de madera temprana, tardía y anillo total de Pseudotsuga menziesii con una longitud de tres siglos y medio (1657-2005), con el objetivo de analizar la variabilidad hidroclimática histórica de la región. La reconstrucción de precipitación invierno-primavera indica gran variabilidad interanual, decenal y multidecenal de los patrones de precipitación para la región. Sequías severas se reconstruyeron para los periodos 1695-1715, 1753-1760, 1785-1792, 1798-1806, 1819-1830, 1841-1870, 1890-1897, 1906-1912, 1924-1941, 1971-1977 y 1994-2005, aunque las sequías más prolongadas ocurrieron en los periodos 1695-1715, 1841-1870 y 1924-1941. Las últimas tres décadas del siglo XX y los años corrientes de la primera década del siglo XXI (1971-2005) indican un periodo de intensa sequía para la región, con impactos en lo ecológico y socioeconómico aun no cuantificados.
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Evans, Martin H., i Geoffrey Hooper. "Three misleading diaries: John Knyveton MD – from naval surgeon’s mate to man-midwife". International Journal of Maritime History 26, nr 4 (listopad 2014): 762–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871414552609.
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This article re-examines three books published between 1937 and 1946: Diary of a Surgeon, Surgeon’s Mate and Man Midwife. They purported to have been edited and annotated by Ernest A. Gray from an old journal written by a John Knyveton (1729–1809) who had served as a surgeon’s mate in the Royal Navy between 1752 and 1762, after a short training in surgery in a London hospital. The books had been criticised and their authenticity doubted. Now additional errors have been revealed, making it certain that the books are essentially fictional and written in the twentieth century. Although drawing inspiration from a biography of the eighteenth century Dr Thomas Denman (1733–1815), and very readable, the stories are marred by errors, altered dates and events taken from other periods of time. These books have been cited by many writers and researchers who mistakenly believed them to be eighteenth century sources. We hope that this article will make their unreliability and fictitious content more widely known.
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Bermúdez, Alejandro Licetti, Yaiza Rey Fanjul, Jesús Toranzo Murugarren, Sara Rodríguez Vega, Diego López Martínez, Claudia Saavedra Fernández, Marta Suárez Acebo i Aleida Martínez Zapico. "1763 - REVISIÓN DE NECROPSIAS CLÍNICAS EN EL PERIODO 2020-2021: UNA HERRAMIENTA CLÍNICA MÁS". Revista Clínica Española 223 (listopad 2023): S392—S393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-2565(23)00596-9.
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Pfister, Christian, Stefan Brönnimann, Andres Altwegg, Rudolf Brázdil, Laurent Litzenburger, Daniele Lorusso i Thomas Pliemon. "600 years of wine must quality and April to August temperatures in western Europe 1420–2019". Climate of the Past 20, nr 6 (27.06.2024): 1387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1387-2024.
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Abstract. This study investigates the validity of wine must quality as an April-to-August temperature proxy between 1420 and 2019 based on expert ratings and quality measurements from Germany, Luxembourg, eastern France, and the Swiss Plateau. This is highly relevant as uncertainties remain on past climate variations during this period. The evidence was reviewed according to the best practice of historical climatology. Expert ratings tended to agree with Oechsle density measurements that gradually replaced them from the 1840s. A statistical model calibrated to predict wine must quality from climate data explains 75 % of the variance, underlining the potential value of wine must quality as a climate proxy. Premium crops were collected in years of early harvest involving high insolation during maturation, while poor crops resulted from very late harvests in cold and wet summers. An analysis of daily weather types for high- and low-quality years after 1763 shows marked differences. On a decadal timescale, the average quality was highest from 1470 to 1479, from 1536 to 1545, and from 1945 to 1954. Poor crops were collected in periods with prevailing cold and wet summers such as 1453 to 1466, 1485 to 1494, 1585 to 1614, 1685 to 1703, 1812 to 1821, and 1876 to 1936. In the period of enhanced warming after 1990, high quality became the rule.
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Фатима Анатольевна, Озова. "INSTITUTE OF AMANATISM IN THE POLITICAL CULTURE OF THE AMBASSADORIAL PERIOD". NORTH CAUCASUS LEGAL VESTNIK 1, nr 4 (grudzień 2022): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2074-7306-2022-1-4-35-40.
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During the Caucasian War (1763–1864), a stereotype that still exists today was formed: amanat is a hostage. In fact, this historicism was polysemantic. The historical term "amanat" was borrowed into Russian at the beginning of the 17th century meaning "diplomatic hostage". This article provides an analysis that reveals its connection with customary law (the custom of amanatism) and with the political culture (the institution of diplomatic hostage-taking / amanatism) of many peoples of the world.
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Gaona, Elías. "Comparación del índice de salarios reales de una familia minera de Real del Monte de los siglos XVIII y XIX". América Latina en la Historia Económica 29, nr 2 (14.02.2022): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18232/20073496.1230.
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Real del Monte, durante los siglos XVIII y XIX, se caracterizó por ser una de las principales zonas productoras de plata de Nueva España. En la década de 1760, las minas dieron origen a uno de los hombres más ricos del virreinato, Pedro Romero de Terreros. Ya a comienzos del siglo XIX, la región minera se posicionó en cuarto lugar en la producción de plata de toda la zona virreinal. Debido a la importancia que alcanzó Real del Monte como zona minera durante los siglos XVIII y XIX, se analiza aquí la evolución histórica de los salarios reales de las familias de los mineros-barreteros entre 1768 y 1900 y se comparan con los de otras ciudades europeas y asiáticas durante el mismo periodo. La hipótesis es que los salarios reales de los mineros-barreteros de Real del Monte fueron disminuyendo a lo largo del tiempo hasta alcanzar niveles de subsistencia a finales del siglo XIX, mientras que los de las ciudades europeas y asiáticas iban en ascenso.
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Vasilyeva, L. A. "“Mir Taqi Mir”. A fragment from the History of Urdu Poetry “Water of Life” of Muhammad Husayn Azad". Orientalistica 3, nr 5 (29.12.2020): 1437–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7043-2020-3-5-1437-1449.
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The article is a translation into Russian of the chapter from the “Water of Life” by Muhammad Husain Azad (1830–1910). This is the chapter about the greatest Urdu poet Mir Taki Mir (1713/1723(?)–1810 AD). The critical work by Azad, the “Water of Life” is considered as the first history of Urdu poetry written in Urdu. Azad was the first to see in this phenomenon a continuous process. The periods in the development of literature are interlinked. Azad identifies five major periods of Urdu poetry and briefly describes each of them. His work comprises biographical facts, characteristics, vivid word-portraits of outstanding Urdu poets and colourful historical anecdotes associated with them. The “Water of Life” had a very significant impact on contemporaries of Azad, as well as on the further development of literary-critical thought in Urdu. It set the standard for literary criticism for many decades. “Water of Life” had a significant impact on contemporaries, as well as on the further development of literary-critical thought in Urdu. It set the standard for literary criticism for many decades to come. Regardless that some historical dates and literary facts, as well as some important generalizations of the author, seem today at least controversial, still many Urdu literati and critics even nowadays fully rely upon the evaluation and criticism of famous poets as given by Azad.
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Gomułka, Jakub. "Ludwig Wittgenstein’s phenomenological period". Semina Scientiarum 15 (20.09.2016): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15633/ss.1766.
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Gr�sser, O. J. "Quantitative visual psychophysics during the period of European enlightenment. The studies of the astronomer and mathematician Tobias Mayer (1723?1762) on visual acuity and colour perception". Documenta Ophthalmologica 71, nr 2 (luty 1989): 93–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00163464.
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Arenas Frutos, Isabel. "Auge y decadencia del sistema misional franciscano en florida durante el primer periodo español (1565 - 1763)". Anuario de Estudios Americanos 48, nr 1 (30.12.1991): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/aeamer.1991.v48.i1.554.
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Lulu, Ji, i Li Li. "Investigation of psychological status of 1763 pregnant and lying-in women during covid-19 epidemic period". Progress in Social Sciences 2, nr 3 (2020): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.35534/pss.0203011.
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Krabbe, Niels. "Wahlverwandschaften. Musikalske relationer mellem Tyskland og Danmark i perioden 1760-1914". Magasin fra Det Kongelige Bibliotek 17, nr 3 (1.09.2004): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/mag.v17i3.66561.
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Bullynck, Maarten. "Decimal periods and their tables: A German research topic (1765–1801)". Historia Mathematica 36, nr 2 (maj 2009): 137–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hm.2008.09.004.
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Vidal, Cecile. "Africains et Europeens au Pays des Illinois durant la Periode Francaise (1699-1765)". French Colonial History 3, nr 1 (2003): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/fch.2003.0012.
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Лапаева, М. Г., i С. П. Лапаев. "Development of economy of the Orenburg area in the period of 1743 -1917 г.г". Экономика и предпринимательство, nr 10(123) (15.11.2020): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2020.123.10.014.
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В статье проводится анализ зарождения и становления экономики Оренбургской губернии со дня ее основания до 1917 г., этапов ее заселения; показана роль крестьянства и казачества в освоении края, определено значение Оренбурга в развитии внешнеэкономических связей с государствами с большой Центральной Азии. In the article the analysis of origin and becoming of economy of the Orenburg province is conducted from the day of her founding 1917 to, stages of her settling; the role of peasantry and the cossacks is shown in mastering of edge, the value of Orenburg is certain in development of external economic connections with the states from large Central Asia.
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Melo, Marián, Peter Pišút, Igor Matečný i Peter Viglaš. "Johann Ignaz von Felbiger and his meteorological observations in Bratislava in the period 1783–85". Meteorologische Zeitschrift 25, nr 1 (24.02.2016): 97–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/metz/2015/0720.
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Pokharel, Ramesh. "Classical Music in the Shah and Rana Era: 1768 - 1951 A.D." SIRJANĀ – A Journal on Arts and Art Education 6, nr 1 (1.12.2019): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sirjana.v6i1.39674.
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The tradition of classical music was more justified during the Shah and Rana Dynasty’s ruling. During the time the cultural import from neighboring India and the wide appreciation of music by kings and the Royal Palace of Nepal show the influence of Classical music among the Shah and Rana families. Some Rana Prime Ministers wanted to promote classical music but in practice most music was limited to the Royal palace and Rana family. Music Education, as well as all kinds of formal education were banned for the citizens of Nepal during the Rana regime. Those who were close to the Rana family and the palace were supposed to learn classical music from the patronized Ustaad /Pundit of the Palace and private teachers as well. This paper attempts to discuss the overall developing trends of classical music during Shah and Rana periods of Nepal in relation to development, extension and its practices in Nepalese society. All evidences have been taken from several documentaries. Whatever we practice as classical music today has taken the step of development in those periods. The evidence shows that especially raga based different Music genres were practiced and flourished in those periods.
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Herawati Khotmi, Muhammad Wahyullah i Fachrozi. "DETERMINAN PEMBIAYAAN YANG DIBERIKAN (STUDI PADA BANK UMUM SYARIAH DI INDONESIA PERIODE 2018-2020)". Journal Ilmiah Rinjani : Media Informasi Ilmiah Universitas Gunung Rinjani 9, nr 2 (31.07.2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.53952/jir.v9i2.337.
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This study aims to analyze the effect of Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), Non Performing Financing (NPF), Third Party Funds (TPF), Asset Growth on Financing Provided (PYD). The update in this study is the Asset Growth variable which is thought to have a close relationship with PYD. This study is a quantitative research with SPSS statistical test.The sample of this study are the Islamic banks in Indonesia, which were taken based on the number of provinces in Indonesia which is 33 (thirty three) provinces throughout 2018-2020. The source of data used in this study is from the secondary data taken from the website www.ojk.go.id. The data analysis used in this study is from conducting the classical assumptions test then followed by multiple regression which are the determination test and T test. While the results of the t test showed that TPF had a positive and significant effect on PYD, while FDR had no effect on PYD. The same as Asset Growth no effect on PYD. Also NPF had a negative and significant effect on PYD. The coefficient of determination test results show the Adjusted R Square value of 0.173, this indicates that only 17.3% of the PYD financing variables are influenced by NPF, PYD, and FDR while the remaining 82.7% is influenced by other factors Keywords: NPF; TPF; FDR; PYD; Asset Growth; ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian untuk menguji pengaruh Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), Dana Pihak Ketiga (DPK), Non Performing Financing (NPF), Pertumbuhan Aset terhadap Pembiayaan Yang Diberikan (PYD). Perbaharuan dalam penelitian ini yaitu variabel Pertumbuhan Aset yang diduga memiliki kaitan yang erat terhadap PYD. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan uji statistik SPSS. Sampel penelitian yaitu bank syariah yang ada di Indonesia diambil berdasarkan jumlah provinsi sebanyak 33 (tiga puluh tiga) provinsi periode 2018 - 2020. Data yang digunakan bersumber dari data sekunder yang diperoleh dari situs www.ojk.go.id. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu dengan melakukan uji asumsi klasik kemudian dilanjutkan dengan regresi berganda yaitu uji determinasi dan Uji t. Sedangkan hasil uji t menunjukkan DPK berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap PYD, FDR tidak berpengaruh terhadap PYD, Pertumbuhan asset tidak berpengaruh terhadap PYD dan NPF berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap PYD. Hasil uji koefisien determinasi menunjukkan nilai Adjusted R Square 0,173, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa hanya 17,3% variabel pembiayaan PYD dipengaruhi oleh NPF, DPK, dan FDR sedangkan sisanya 82,7% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain. Kata kunci : NPF; DPK; FDR; PYD; Pertumbuhan Aset;
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van der Weiden, RMF, A. D’Orlando i GC Uhlenbeck. "The continuing influence of William Smellie (1697–1763) in Japan during the early Meiji Period (1868–1880s)". Journal of Medical Biography 21, nr 3 (4.07.2013): 193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967772013480705.
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Inostroza Ponce, Xochitl. "Políticas matrimoniales y prácticas indígenas. Doctrina de Belén, Altos de Arica (1763-1823)". Allpanchis 45, nr 81/82 (8.01.2020): 245–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36901/allpanchis.v45i81/82.226.
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A partir de los registros de casamientos y las informaciones matrimoniales de la Doctrina de Belén, se analizan las principales legislaciones eclesiásticas que normaron la conformación de las nuevas familias en los pueblos de indios de los Altos de Arica, de fines del siglo XVIII y principios del XIX. Más que intentar ajustar la realidad a la norma, la información contenida en ambos tipos de fuentes coincide con las interpretaciones que sugieren cierto grado de adecuación a las prácticas indígenas, lo que pudo provocar el éxito de la incorporación del matrimonio cristiano en el sistema ritual comunitario de la Doctrina de Belén, en las postrimerías del periodo colonial.
Abstract
Using records of marriages and marriage informations for the Doctrine of Belén, the main ecclesiastical laws that established norms for the formation of new families in the Indian villages of the highlands of Arica in late eighteenth and early nineteenth century were analyzed. Rather than attempting to adjust reality to the standard, the information contained in both types of
sources coincide with the interpretations that suggest a degree of adaptation to indigenous practices, which may have caused the successful incorporation of Christian marriage to the community ritual system for the Doctrine of Bethlehem in the late colonial period.
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Uhlich, Holger. "Geschichte der Erforschung der Sommerwurzgewächse (Gattungen Orobanche und Phelipanche)". Kochia 9 (14.08.2015): 59–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/kochia.v9.64.
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Teil 2 der Reihe beleuchtet die systematische Erforschung der Gattungen Orobanche und Phelipanche in der Periode von Linnés "Species Plantarum" 1753 bis zur ersten grundlegenden Monographie zur Gattung Orobanche von G. Beck 1890. ein abschließender Abschnitt bringt Ergänzungen zum ersten Teil (behandelte den Zeitraum von den Anfängen bis 1753; Kochia 8: 27–61). Fünf Neukombinationen werden vorgenommen: (1) Myzorrhiza californica subsp. grayana (Beck) Uhlich, (2) Phelipanche mutelii var. nana (Reut.) Uhlich & Rätzel, (3) Phelipanche mutelii var. nana f. manostachys (Beck) Uhlich & Rätzel, (4) Phelipanche caesia var. borealis (Turcz.) Uhlich und (5) Diphelypaea coccinea var. boissieri (Reut.) Uhlich.
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Lippit, Yukio. "Puppy Love: The Legacy of Yi Am’s Paintings in Edo-Period Japan". Korean Journal of Art History 313 (31.03.2022): 35–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31065/kjah.313.202203.002.
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This essay examines the Japanese reception of the Korean painter Yi Am 李巌(b. 1499), and by extension considers the relationship between ink painting technique and pictorial meaning. In particular, it examines how Yi Am’s unique approach to the painting of puppies with blended washes of ink opened up new interpretive possibilities among Japanese viewers. Although Yi Am’s puppy paintings appear to have been circulating in Japan as early as the seventeenth century, they were misattributed to Chinese painters such as Mao Yi, and Yi Am’s seal was mistaken as belonging to a Japanese monk-painter of the Muromachi period. The monochrome ink puppy paintings of the Kyoto artist Tawaraya Sōtatsu 俵屋宗達(ca. 1600-1640), however, depict the bodies of their canine protagonists with the same wash-based approach found in Yi Am’s works, and appear to have been catalyzed in some way by an encounter with the Korean artist’s paintings. In the case of Sōtatsu, this approach eventually came to be known as tarashikomi, a signature technique of the Rinpa School, and therefore it is no exaggeration to state that Yi Am’s works played a role in inspiring one of the most recognizable techniques of early modern Japanese painting. Although dog and puppy paintings are traditionally linked to auspicious meanings, Sōtatsu’s puppy paintings appear to have been associated within a Zen Buddhist themes, in particular the koan “A Dog Has No Buddha-Nature.” This Zen Buddhist framework of meaning can be gleaned from inscriptions on his paintings by Zen monks such as Isshi Bunshu 一絲文守(1608-1646) and Tangai Musen 丹崖無染(1693-1763). I would propose that the particular wash-based approach of Yi Am and Sōtatsu to this subject was particularly significant in generating this association. The eighteenth-century painter-poet Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村(1716-1784) also based his puppy paintings upon models derived from Yi Am. In the case of Buson, however, the cultural meaning of these works can be gleaned from his haikai poetry, in particular a poem accompanying a Maruyama Okyo 円山応挙(1733-1795) painting of a puppy that associates its inky body with the interiority of a poetic subject. The final case study examined in this essay is Itō Jakuchū 伊藤若冲(1716-1800). Jakuchū left a number of puppy paintings that embody Zen Buddhist themes in highly sophisticated ways. Because he was close to Tangai Musen, it is likely that he was aware of Sōtatsu’s puppy paintings, and indirectly familiar with those of Yi Am. Thus the case could be made that Yi Am’s wash-based technique opened up a new horizon of interpretive possibility among Japanese painters extending from Sōtatsu to Jakuchū.
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Vasconcelos, Pedro. "THE CATHOLIC CHURCH AS A STRUCTURING AGENT FOR THE CITY OF SALVADOR IN THE COLONIAL PERIOD". Revista Geografares 1, nr 31 (8.12.2020): 30–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7147/geo.v1i31.31791.
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Salvador was the capital of the Portuguese America from 1549 until 1763. It was also the second city of the Portuguese Empire up to the 19th century. The Catholic Church together with the State was the main agents that structured the city of Salvador during the whole colonial period. The Secular Church related to the State through the Padroado was responsible for the implementation and maintenance of the Cathedral, churches and parishes; the religious orders with their convents were important structural elements of the urban space while the laic orders owned churches and many urban properties and corresponded to the structuring of a slave society.
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na Pombejra, Dhiravat. "VOC participation in Siamese society during the Late Ayutthaya Period (1688-1767)". Asian Review 13, nr 1 (styczeń 2000): 60–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.58837/chula.arv.13.1.4.
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Fitria, Laksmindra, Tika Candra Dewi, Kholidatus Silmi, Mulyati Mulyati, Rahadian Yudo Hartantyo, Slamet Widiyanto i Eko Agus Suyono. "Toksisitas Oral Akut Arthrospira maxima dan Chlorella vulgaris Isolat Glagah Pada Tikus (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) Galur Wistar". Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi 15, nr 2 (31.10.2022): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v15i2.18716.
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AbstrakArthrospira (Spirulina) dan Chlorella adalah mikroalga yang telah dikenal bermanfaat bagi kesehatan sehingga banyak dikembangkan sebagai produk suplemen makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari tingkat ketoksikan dan keamanan mengkonsumsi A. maxima dan C. vulgaris yang diisolasi dari perairan Pantai Glagah di Provinsi D.I. Yogyakarta menggunakan tikus Wistar sebagai model praklinis. Studi toksisitas merupakan langkah awal sebelum dilakukan eksplorasi potensi, pemanfaatan, dan pengolahan kedua mikroalga ini sebagai produk suplemen kesehatan. Prosedur uji toksisitas mengikuti Guideline OECD No. 420. Parameter yang diamati meliputi berat badan, profil hematologis, evaluasi fungsi hati (aktivitas ALT dan kadar bilirubin), serta fungsi ginjal (kadar kreatinin dan asam urat). Berdasarkan hasil, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian per oral A. maxima dan C. vulgaris hingga dosis 5.000 mg/kg bb tidak menunjukkan tanda-tanda ketoksikan, ditunjukkan dengan nilai untuk sebagian besar variabel yang berada dalam kisaran normal. Fluktuasi nilai yang terjadi merupakan wujud dinamika fisiologis normal. Dalam penelitian ini kami mendapat temuan bahwa C. vulgaris menunjukkan potensi sebagai antianemia. Oleh karena studi toksisitas ini adalah dosis tunggal dan terbatas untuk periode akut, maka perlu dilanjutkan dengan studi toksisitas dosis berulang dan periode yang lebih panjang, selain untuk mempelajari ketoksikan dan keamanan juga untuk menggali potensinya.AbstractArthrospira (Spirulina) and Chlorella are microalgae that possess benefits for health, therefore they are Arthrospira (Spirulina) and Chlorella are microalgae that possess benefits for health, therefore they are developed as food supplement products. This study aimed to determine the toxicity and the safety of consuming A. maxima and C. vulgaris isolated from Glagah coastal water in D.I. Yogyakarta Province using Wistar rats as preclinical model. Toxicity study is the first step before exploring the potential, utilization and processing of these microalgae as health supplement products. Toxicity test procedure was performed following OECD Guideline No. 420. Parameters observed included: body weight, hematological profile, and evaluation of liver function (ALT activity and bilirubin level) and renal function (creatinine and uric acid levels). Based on the results, it is concluded that oral administration of A. maxima and C. vulgaris up to dose of 5,000 mg/kg bw demonstrated no signs of toxicity, indicated by values for most of variables were within normal range. Fluctuation in values were manifestation of normal physiological dynamic. In this study, we found that C. vulgaris could be an antianemia potential. Since this toxicity study was a single-dose and limited to acute period, it is suggested to continue with repeated-dose toxicity studies with longer periods to examine the toxicity and the safety of both species besides exploring their potential.
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Hüssy, K., H. H. Hinrichsen i B. Huwer. "Hydrographic influence on the spawning habitat suitability of western Baltic cod (Gadus morhua)". ICES Journal of Marine Science 69, nr 10 (8.08.2012): 1736–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fss136.
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Abstract Hüssy, K., Hinrichsen, H.-H., and Huwer, B. 2012. Hydrographic influence on the spawning habitat suitability of western Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1736–1743. Recruitment variability of marine fish is influenced by the reproductive potential of the stock (i.e. stock characteristics and abundance) and the survival of early life stages, mediated by environmental conditions of both a physical (water temperature, salinity and oxygen conditions, ocean currents) and a biological nature (i.e. food, predators). The objective of this study is to assess the importance of variability in environmental conditions within different western Baltic cod spawning grounds for egg survival. Habitat identification was based on environmental threshold levels for egg survival and development and ambient hydrographical conditions at different times during the spawning season. The long-term resolution of environmental conditions allowing survival of western Baltic cod eggs indicates that favourable conditions predominantly occurred during the late spawning season in April/May, while minimum survival rates could be expected from January to March. Unsuitable time periods and habitats exhibiting the highest mortality rates are exclusively characterized by ambient water temperatures below the critical survival threshold. Despite the strong influence of water temperature on habitat suitability, the impact of habitat suitability on recruitment was not clearly defined, suggesting that other mechanisms regulate year class strength.
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Sándor, Keszthelyi, Pónya Zsolt i Pál-Fám Ferenc. "Climate-induced seasonal activity and flight period of cerambycid beetles in the Zselic forests, Hungary". Journal of Forest Science 63, No. 11 (30.11.2017): 503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/82/2017-jfs.
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The longhorn beetle fauna (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) was studied in the Zselic region (Somogy county) in Hungary in seven consecutive years (2009–2015). In total 2,931 specimens were observed and the presence of 83 species was identified during the sampling period. The most abundant species were: Plagionotus arcuatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (p<sub>i</sub> = 10.542); Cerambyx scopoli Füssli, 1775 (p<sub>i</sub> = 8.359), Dorcadion aethiops (Scopoli, 1763) (p<sub>i</sub> = 6.653) and Strangalia melanura (Redtenbacher, 1867) (p<sub>i</sub> = 6.209). According to our examinations, individual meteorological factors, particularly temperature, directly influenced the dispersal and the activity of longhorn beetles (P = 0.038) as well as the species richness (P = 0.047), as did weather systems formation and movement of air masses, cold and warm fronts. It is also shown that the activity of the insects is influenced by daily weather conditions. The activity of arthropods was higher during warm, dry days and less pronounced during cold, wet ones coupled with high air pressure values. A conspicuous relationship was observable between the appearance of cerambycid beetles and their time period. According to the results of Principal Coordinate Analysis four major groups can be distinguished: early-flight, late spring-flight, summer-flight and late-flight species.
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Uherkovich, Ákos. "A biodiverzitás-változás nyomon követése nagylepkék (Lepidoptera) vizsgálatával Sellye környékén, 1967–2022". Natura Somogyiensis, nr 39 (2022): 95–138. http://dx.doi.org/10.24394/natsom.2022.39.95.
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633 species of butterflies and larger moths were detected around Sellye during the sixties and seventies of the last century. Several rare and interesting species were documented in those lowland oakhornbeam woodlands, riverine oak-elm-ash woodlands, and riverine ash-alder woodlands. After more than fifty years, during the years 2019-2022, we again visited this area to examine the composition and change of lepidopterous fauna, mostly the larger moths. The same sampling methods were applied in the recent surveys, but a UV-A compact fluorescent tube together with a normal compact fluorescent tube was used instead of a mercury vapour bulb, in the year 2022. Sometimes a small portable light trap was also applied, it was fitted with 12 Volt UV fluorescent LEDs. We visited the same (Gilvánfa) and similar sites (Marócsa, Páprád, Teklafalu) regularly, and sometimes some another sites. During this recent period altogether 437 lepidopterous species were taken. 53 of them were not detected in the first collecting period. Number of all known species grew up to 687 in the Sellye region. Voucher specimens have been deposited in the collection of Rippl-Rónai Museum, Kaposvár. The most important catch was three imogoes of Arytrura musculus (Ménétriés, 1859) during the years 2020 and 2022. Table 2 presents all the collected species in the past and recent periods, their quantity by group of sites (past) or by year (recent period). This table is completed by data of Kisdobsza and Potony, which sites are situated a slightly further away but in similar types of forests. Some of the 53 newly recorded species – e.g. Dysgonia algira (Linnaeus, 1767), Opisthograptis luteolata (Linnaeus, 1758), Eilicrinia cordiaria (Hübner, 1790), Dysgonia algira (Linnaeus, 1767), Eugnorisma depuncta (Linnaeus, 1761) – are characteristic of drier biotopes, while some of them – e.g. Mythimna unipuncta (Haworth, 1809), Rhodometra sacraria (Linnaeus, 1767) – are immigrant ones. Contrary 250 species were not caught in recent years. About a hundred species were not taken due to the methods. Daytime observations or collections hardly were applied. On the other hand, we did not visit those area during the early spring (March, April) and late autumn (November), so the very early and very late flying species were not registered. Thus about 150 species were not taken very probably due to climate change: increasing of temperature, less precipitation and extreme meteorological phenomena. The decrease of biodiversity is a general observation not only here but in other types of biotopes.
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Christensen, Bent. "Fra Hamann til Fasc. 209.10. Om Grundtvigs forhold til Johann Georg Hamann og dennes samtidige". Grundtvig-Studier 63, nr 1 (1.01.2012): 14–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/grs.v63i1.16589.
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Fra Hamann til Fasc. 209.10. Om Grundtvigs forhold til Johann Georg Hamann og dennes samtidige[From Hamann to Fascicle 209.10. On Grundtvig's relation to Johann Georg Hamann and his contemporaries]By Bent ChristensenThe German critic and Enlightenment philosopher Johann Georg Hamann (1730-88) can be seen as a German forerunner of Grundtvig who according to a few places in his Verdenskrøniken (World Chronicle), 1817, has known about his writings and perhaps felt a spiritual kinship to him. By all accounts, the only other mention of him at all by Grundtvig occurs in a brief and somewhat enigmatic manuscript entitled “Synchronismer” (synchronisms) (The Grundtvig Archive, Fascicle 209 nr 10). It lists names of 24 German authors supplied with dates marking periods in their careers between the years 1741 and 1781 and has been regarded as a preliminary study for the World Chronicle 1817. But it can also be seen as a view of these authors from a specific “synchronistic” angle, resulting in a particular profile of these 40 years. The list also reflects Grundtvig’s detailed knowledge of German literary history.After a presentation of Hamann, Grundtvig’s evaluation of him in the World Chronicle of 1817 is quoted and commented upon, followed by a an examination of the manuscript list author by author, inclusive of references to treatments in the World Chronicle.The list begins with “Rabener 1741-57” and finishes with “Bürger 1769- 78”; the latest year brought up, however, is “1781” (under the names of Kant and Hamann). In his World Chronicle, Grundtvig states that the period he wants to depict, covers the reign of the Prussian king Frederick the Great (1740-86). The list corresponds almost exactly to this ambition. Hamann’s first year, 1759, is the year in which Sokratische Denkwürdigkeiten appeared, his first work addressing a general public. Hamann’s last year, 1781, indicates that he at that time started to write a critical review of Kant’s Kritik der reinen Vernunft, having read the proofs of it, as a personal friend of the philosopher, before its publication that same year. At first, however, Hamann did not print his text but only communicated it to Herder in a personal letter. The Metakritik über den Purismum der Vernunft was finished in 1784 but not published until 1800. When Kant in his work asks for a foundation of cognition prior to and independent of experience, Hamann accuses him of aiming at constituting a new kind of metaphysics. Two later works published by Hamann (1784 and 1786) are of a retrospective and summary nature.Concerning the other authors listed, the “first year” in most cases presents the very first step in their literary careers, and the “last year” marks the ending of their initial period. This applies, for example, to Rabener’s “last year”, 1757, when his satires had started already to appear in book form. In Lessing’s case, 1761 is the year in which he accepted a position as secretary for the governor of Breslau. Wieland was appointed town clerk in Biberach in 1760, but in the World Chronicle Grundtvig emphasizes the importance of his Shakespeare translations which did not begin to appear until 1762, though it is likely that Wieland had been encouraged to take up this project as early as 1759. Herder’s “last year” is 1767, the date of publication featured on the title page of Fragmente über die neuere deutsche Literatur—a date often considered to be the prime year of the “Sturm und Drang” (“Storm and Stress”) movement. Goethe’s “last year” is 1774 due to the publication of his best-seller novel Die Leiden des jungen Werthers.In several cases the often paired dates of Grundtvig’s list differ from those found in ordinary histories of literature as well as in the World Chronicle of 1817. A closer study of them—and a study of Grundtvig as compared to Hamann—might cause important contributions to Grundtvig research and to the study of German intellectual and literary history.