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Arnal, Etienne. "Modélisation et commande hiérarchisées du bâtiment pour l'amélioration des performances énergétiques, thermiques et optiques". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00873975.
Pełny tekst źródłaHnayno, Mohamad. "Optimisation des performances énergétiques des centres de données : du composant au bâtiment". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023REIMS021.
Pełny tekst źródłaData centers consume vast amounts of electrical energy to power their IT equipment, cooling systems, and supporting infrastructure. This high energy consumption contributes to the overall demand on the electrical grid and release of greenhouse gas emissions. By optimizing energy performance, data centers can reduce their electricity bills, overall operating costs and their environmental impact. This includes implementing energy-efficient technologies, improving cooling systems, and adopting efficient power management practices. Adopting new cooling solutions, such as liquid cooling and indirect evaporative cooling, offer higher energy efficiency and can significantly reduce the cooling-related energy consumption in data centres.In this work, two experimental investigations on a new cooling topologies for information technology racks are conducted. In the first topology, the rack-cooling system is based on a combination of close-coupled cooling and direct-to-chip cooling. Five racks with operational servers were tested. Two temperature difference (15 K and 20 K) was validated for all the IT racks. The impact of these temperature difference profiles on the data-centre performance was analysed using three heat rejection systems under four climatic conditions for a data centre of 600 kW. The impact of the water temperature profile on the partial power usage effectiveness and water usage effectiveness of data centre was analysed to optimise the indirect free cooling system equipped with an evaporative cooling system through two approaches: rack temperature difference and by increasing the water inlet temperature of the data centre. In the second topology, an experimental investigation conducted on a new single-phase immersion/liquid-cooling technique is developed. The experimental setup tested the impact of three dielectric fluids, the effect of the water circuit configuration, and the server power/profile. Results suggest that the system cooling demand depends on the fluid’s viscosity. As the viscosity increased from 4.6 to 9.8 mPa.s, the cooling performance decreased by approximately 6 %. Moreover, all the IT server profiles were validated at various water inlet temperatures up to 45°C and flow rates. The energy performance of this technique and the previous technique was compared. This technique showed a reduction in the DC electrical power consumption by at least 20.7 % compared to the liquid-cooling system. The cooling performance of the air- and liquid-cooled systems and the proposed solution was compared computationally at the server level. When using the proposed solution, the energy consumed per server was reduced by at least 20 % compared with the air-cooling system and 7 % compared with liquid-cooling system.In addition, a new liquid cooling technology for 600 kW Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) units. This cooling architecture gives more opportunities to use free cooling as a main and unique cooling system for optimal data centres (DCs). Five thermal hydraulic tests are conducted with different thermal conditions. A 20 K temperature difference profile was validated with a safe operation for all UPS electronic equipment resulting with a thermal efficiency of 82.27 %. The impact of decreasing water flow rate and increasing water and air room temperatures was also analysed. A decrease in inlet water and air temperatures from 41°C to 32°C and from 47°C to 40°C respectively increases the thermal efficiency by 8.64 %. Furthermore, an energy performance analysis comparison is made between air cooled and water cooled UPS units on both UPS and infrastructure levels
Omeme, Ada Arielle Mélissa. "Optimisation des performances hygrothermiques des matériaux biosourcés pour application dans le bâtiment". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AMIE0074.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe environmental concern has given rise to various reflections in order to meet two essential requirements: reduce energy consumption and impact on the external environment, and ensure the quality and comfort of buildings. It is obvious that the solutions used today are not universal and their effectiveness depends on many factors such as the surrounding climate, the type of use, etc. The choice of materials used and the understanding of the basic physical phenomena related to the climate are essential factors for the success of the design of a building with high environmental and energy qualities. The use of bio-based materials in construction (agricultural co-products) is a rapidly developing approach worldwide that aims to limit the use of fossil fuels and reduce the energy bill. Among the new materials, those developed based on agro-resources have been the subject for several years of renewed interest and resumption of studies, highlighting their ability to regulate ambient hygric variations. However, the literature review shows that these materials have a low thermal inertia that could be improved by using the phase change material (PCM) that can absorb and release heat energy when phase change occurs depending on the imposed temperature conditions. The aim of the thesis is to study the hygrothermal performance of hemp concrete and hemp coating incorporating phase change materials for application in the building
Chesné, Lou. "Vers une nouvelle méthodologie de conception des bâtiments, basée sur leurs performances bioclimatiques". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825646.
Pełny tekst źródłaCostantine, Georges. "EOPEBEC - Etude et optimisation des performances énergétiques d’une enveloppe en béton de chanvre pour le bâtiment". Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS015/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn a context of global warming and planned end of fossil fuels, the construction industry aims to reduce by 38% its energy consumption and to achieve 10% of bio-based materials used in construction in 2020. Thus, the hemp concrete can play a major role thanks to its positive environmental impact and its hygrothermal properties that allow it to ensure a role of heat damper and comfort stabilizer. Or hygrothermal behavior of hemp concrete throughout the building is little discussed in the literature and never for commercial buildings. The main objective of this project is to fill this gap by studying and optimizing the energy performance of a hemp concrete building designed for offices and / or classrooms. To ensure inside thermal comfort, different technical solutions will be coupled to the building and compared with each other: - A double flow thermodynamical ventilation combining a heat pump with a double flow central. - A simple flow ventilation associated to a pipe system which recovers heat from the basement to preheat ventilation air in winter and cool in the summer. - A double flow ventilation associated to a Canadian well. Through computer simulation and measurements made initially at the level of components, it will be possible to evaluate the potential of each component on the energy and hygrothermal comfort of commercial buildings mainly integrating the project boundary Grand Campus Reims but also can be extended to other French specificity climates
Maalej, Jalel. "Emetteurs de chaleur dans les bâtiments : comportement thermique et étude des performances". Valenciennes, 1994. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/5ac4a08f-1c50-49d7-a8d8-3e5a7e32b073.
Pełny tekst źródłaAllab, Yacine. "Evaluation expérimentale des performances des systèmes de ventilation dans le bâtiment : efficacité de ventilation et confort thermique". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENAM0046/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe performance of a system must be well defined, attainable and above all measurable. This is not the case today for ventilation. On the one hand ventilation performance is usually declined on energy efficiency considerations or simply on a rough estimation of ventilation rates. The performance related to thermal comfort and IAQ are addressed separately through dedicated evaluation tools. On the other hand, the existing evaluation tools today are nowadays limited in their practical applications for in situ measurements, in particular in the case of natural and mixed ventilation. The aim of the present thesis is to examine the existing experimental technics, at full scale building in order to propose improvements on evaluation methods and commissioning protocols. The present thesis deals with ventilation performance taking into account ventilation efficiency as intrinsic performance and thermal comfort as overall performance.The first part is devoted to the in situ assessment of intrinsic ventilation performance (ventilation rates, mean age of air, and air exchange efficiency), based on decay tracer gas techniques. After a theorical analysis of the various performance indexes and their corresponding measurement techniques, an experimental study was carried out in a classroom under different ventilation strategies (mechanical, natural & mixed mode). The analysis proved the importance of the application of the tracer gas decay on ventilation rates accuracy with in particular a strong influence of measurement times and used tracer gas concentration. A methodology has been adapted and tested for the measurement of the air exchange efficiency in natural and mixed mode ventilation, by avoiding measurements in exhaust vents (a technique usually used and advocated by current standards).The second part is devoted to in situ assessment of thermal comfort under different ventilation strategies. Different methods, standards and evaluation techniques were tested and compared with occupants’ perception. The results demonstrated the presence of several inadequacies during the implementation of existing methods and standards. Mainly, it concerns the inadequacy of static methods (PMV PPD) for thermal comfort assessment in the presence of fluctuating thermal conditions, even with mechanical ventilation. Uncertainty analysis related to measurement errors has demonstrated the incoherence of current standards in the classification of comfort categories
Lazrak, Amine. "Caractérisation des performances énergétiques des systèmes thermiques innovants pour le bâtiment au travers d'essais de courte durée en régime dynamique". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAA031/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSolar thermal systems combined with a backup system such as a boiler, a heat pump or incorporating an absorption chiller, can play an important role in reducing buildings energy consumption for heating, cooling and hot water production needs. In this sense, characterizing the energy performance of thermal systems is crucial.Currently available methods of system characterization are either based on several separate physical tests of system components to be evaluated, which do not take into account the real interactions between them, or on physical models that can be complex and difficult to identify especially because systems nowadays are compact and prefabricated in the factory. Due to the lack of a reliable method to estimate the performance of solar thermal systems before their integration into buildings, their market faces a lot of impediment to be developed.In this context, it becomes essential to develop a generic methodology that can be applied to different types of systems which overcomes the difficulties encountered by the current ones.The proposed evaluation approach in this manuscript is composed of four main steps: determining a test sequence, testing the system in a semi-virtual test bench according to predetermined sequence, data acquisition and identifying an artificial neural network (ANN) of the system and finally the model simulation in order to estimate the system consumption in the desired boundary condition. Using a completely "black box" model of the whole system using the ANN makes the methodology totally "non-intrusive". No prior knowledge about the systems internal parameters (yields, thermal conductivities, regulation etc.) is necessary to apply the proposed approach.The methodology validation was performed through several numerical experiments for seven systems coming from three different typologies. During the validation process, ANN estimates were compared with calculations of physical models in several different conditions (quality of building, climate and collector area). The developed approach was applied to five real systems as well. The application results allowed the confirmation of the methodology relevance
Mousseau, Sébastien. "Étude du comportement structural d'un bâtiment en béton à hautes performances sous charges sismiques par essais pseudo-dynamiques et modélisation non linéaire". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1782.
Pełny tekst źródłaThébault, Simon Romain. "Contribution à l'évaluation in situ des performances d'isolation thermique de l'enveloppe des bâtiments". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI008/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe global context of energy savings and greenhouse gases emissions control led to significant efforts in France to boost the thermal insulation in buildings in order to reduce heating consumption. Nevertheless, the stated thermal performance before construction or refurbishment is rarely achieved in practice, for many reasons (calculation errors, defects in materials or workmanship, etc.). Yet, guaranteeing the real thermal performance of buildings on the spot is crucial to enhance the refurbishment market and the construction of energy efficient buildings. To do so, measurement techniques of the intrinsinc thermal insulation performance indicators are needed. Such techniques already exist worldwide, and consist in processing the measurement data from the indoor and outdoor thermal conditions and the heat consumption. Some of them have already proved themselves in the field, but are either binding or very imprecise. And above all, the related uncertainty calculations are often rough. The objective of this thesis funded by CSTB is to consolidate a novel measurement method of the thermal insulation quality of a whole building after reception of work (ISABELE method). In the first chapter, a state of the art of the existing methods allows to identify possible ways to pursue this goal from a comparative synthesis. The primary reflection is about the uncertainty calculation method (which is a central issue). The second chapter presents a global methodology to combine the propagation of random and systematic errors from bayesian and classical approaches. One of the most important uncertainty sources deals with the infiltration air flow evaluation during the test. The third chapter investigates the characterization of this uncertainty, as well as its impact on the final result, depending on the chosen experimental approach (rule of thumb, simplified aeraulic models, tracer gases). Lastly, an improvement of the inclusion of the bluiding thermal dynamics during the test will be proposed in the last chapter. The basis of this improvement is to adapt the inverse model according to the building type and the test conditions. To do so, the proposed algorithm selects a model form a variety of simplified greybox models based on statistical criteria and parcimony. All these contributions have been tested on a large serie of measurements on a same timber-framed building (OPTIMOB shed). The robustness and precision of the results have been slightly improved. The intial infiltration air flow calculation, neither too simple of too complicated, has also been validated. Finaly, a better ordrer of magnitude of the minimal test duration has been determined, depending on the building inertia
Greffet, Rémy. "Études expérimentale et numérique des performances énergétiques d'une fenêtre pariétodynamique". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LAROS020/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe massive use of fossil energies is largely responsible for greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, the growth in energy demand and the depletion of fossil resources lead to an increase in energy costs. The response to this challenge requires two means of action which are linked : the reduction of energy consumption and the use of renewable energy. The airflow window acts on the two main ways of building heat losses that are windows and the ventilation. The principle of the studied airflow window is based on the circulation of fresh air, by forced convection, between the three glasses of the window before entering the building. This allows air to recover both a part of heat losses through the window and part of the solar energy absorbed by the glasses. To study the thermo-aeraulic behavior and thermal performances of the window, we have developed a numerical model of the studied airflow window. An experimental set up was used to validate the numerical model and compare, in real conditions, the studied window performances to the ones of a conventional double-glazed window. These experimental results were complemented by a numerical parametric study for different climatic and operating conditions.The main information from these experimental and numerical studies are that the preheating of the air takes place essentially in the inner air gap, temperature in the first air layer remaining close to the outdoor one. In addition, unlike the temperatures of the inside face and of the blown air, the outer face temperature of the window is not greatly affected by the studied parameters. On the window frame, we found that it also benefits of heat exchanges with the circulating air, but to a lesser extent. This makes the window energy efficient. Finally, by coupling the developed model to a thermal building simulation software, we evaluated the airflow windows integration potential in a house. We thus demonstrated that the heat load is reduced by about 20 to 30% by the use of airflow windows instead of conventional double-glazed windows. Moreover, in summer, when indoor is cooler than outdoor, we pointed out that the airflow window cools the incoming fresh air
Josse, Rozenn. "Méthode et outils pour l'identification de défauts des bâtiments connectés performants". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT074/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis deals with the development of a new methodology for fault detection within smart high-performance buildings helping the performance guarantee. We first have placed our work in the current energy context by focusing on the major role of buildings in the decrease of energy consumption. Then we introduced our methodology and we argued about various techniques that could be used before making a choice. This methodology is made up of two main parts : the former reduces the uncertainties due to the occupant and the environment and the latter studies the gap between simulation and measurements thanks to a sensitivity analysis coupled with a bayesian algorithm. Then we implemented it within a tool that we named REFATEC. We carried out various tests in controlled conditions in order to evaluate its precision and its calculation time. This step showed that our methodology is effective but it has some difficulties when the studied period is during summer or when the faults are very located. is a very located fault. Eventually we confronted our methodology to a real case where we faced numerous questions that appear when dealing with measurements, especially their reliability and the uncertainties that still need to be taken care of, in the perspective of performance guarantee and fault detection
Mequignon, Marc-André. "Comment la durée de vie des bâtiments peut-elle influencer les performances en termes de développement soutenable?" Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAT0032/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe purpose of this thesis is to highlight the importance of the lifespan of the buildingand its components and and as well as to see it in the light of constraints imposed bysustainable development criterias. The focuse of our paper is to characterize the behavior inthis approach, namely environmental, economic and social features.After presenting and analyzing the state of art concerning the lifespan of the building andapproach the building in terms of sustainable development, we characterize the impact of theformer on the latter. Our method is based on two objects of study :- The first is a wall unit outside. This allows us to define precisely the function of useand the technical solutions more specifically for this function;- The second study is a housing-type building. This method is based on that of the wallunit, but we can check behaviour of each technical solutions in the use stage. Thus, we caneasily produce results commensurate.The first approach involves assumptions of lifetimes of technical solutions with which wemake the simulations. In a second step, the analysis takes into account the lifespan as avariable and we analyze the consequences in terms of sustainable development.To promote the exploitation of knowledge produced and to situate them within theproject approach, we propose a schematic modification of current tools for assessingperformance
Mora, Laurent. "Prédiction des performances thermo-aérauliques des bâtiments par association de modèles de différents niveaux de finesse au sein d'un environnement orienté objet". Phd thesis, Université de la Rochelle, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003984.
Pełny tekst źródłaThing, Leo Gilles. "Projet de construction et fonctions d'usage : métriques de dégradation et réajustement dynamique des performances". Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1055.
Pełny tekst źródłaIt is widely observed that construction and renovation projects suffer poor quality in the case of buildings, for instance. This is a major drawback as it affects the sustaining development goals of the building industry. Often, the subsequent conditions of service do not meet the normative standards; the costs for renovating the buildings are significant high, and the carbon footprint increases. They result in imperfections of the whole process related to construction projects. In fact, the production process is intended integrate architectural elements and structural components by putting them together adequately with the purpose of providing functions defined as «building features». Each of these features is then expressed as performances whose level, spanning the whole life cycle of the building, depends on the quality of its implementation. The present thesis focuses, in a first part, on the quantification of a « satisfaction index » of any construction project. For this purpose, a dynamic production process modeling a building has been developed; it takes into account disturbances in order to predict quantitatively the gap between the effective performance level and the required and targeted level. In a second part, considering a given performance level, the production process modeling aims to develop « recovery functions » depending on the allocated resources. Therefore, hypothetic mathematical expressions are adopted in order to describe the deterioration and the recovery of a performance level. A theoretical approach is also developed; it is adapted by analogy with global resilience process, at the scale of a building scale. For illustrative and comparative purposes, two kinds of constructive methods, for exterior walls (façade) are considered. A sensitivity study of the project’s « satisfaction index» is then performed out according to parameters such as constructor’s know‐how and past experience, constructive process complexity as well as allocated and available resources
Kinab, Elias. "Optimisation des performances non nominales des pompes à chaleur réversibles pour le secteur tertiaire". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00566590.
Pełny tekst źródłaKachkouch, Salah. "Évaluation expérimentale et par simulation des performances thermiques de techniques passives appliquées aux toitures pour le rafraîchissement des bâtiments en climat chaud". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LAROS021/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe building is one of the most energy-consuming and CO2-producing sectors in the world. Nowadays, this sector accounts for 33% of total energy consumption in Morocco. The new thermal regulation in Morocco aims to introduce eco-energy practices in this sector to reduce this consumption. Indeed, in the Mediterranean region, building architecture has a major impact on its energy and thermal performance. In addition, the integration of passive techniques and the use of local materials could significantly reduce energy consumption in the building sector. In this context where this thesis is located and whose objective is to evaluate the cooling capacity of some passive techniques for the solar protection of roofs and to show the importance of the use of local natural materials in the hot and semi-arid climate of Marrakech. Indeed, three passive cooling techniques are tested in real conditions in the Marrakech region. Passive techniques, namely white paint, shading and thermal insulation, are applied to the roofs of three outside test cells. The thermal performances of these techniques are evaluated simultaneously via a 29-day summer monitoring of four identical test cells, including a bare roof reference test cell (without treatment). Small scale test cells do not represent real buildings where an in-depth study can be conducted. To remedy this, we built a single-zone building that represents a classroom in rural region in southern Morocco, using natural materials and incorporating passive techniques into the roof. The thermal and energetic performances of the same techniques are evaluated by means of dynamic thermal simulations on TRNSYS as well as an experimental study
Guyot, Dimitri. "Evaluation sur modèle de simulation thermique dynamique calibré des performances d’un contrôleur prédictif basé sur l’utilisation de réseaux de neurones". Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAC022.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe development of machine learning techniques, particularly neural networks, combined with the development of new information and communication technologies, is shaking up our societies through technological advances in a variety of sectors. The building sector is not spared, so these techniques may represent an interesting opportunity in a context where greenhouse gas emissions must be drastically reduced. The objective of this work is to assess the interest of these techniques in the field of building energy, with the aim of reducing energy consumption and improving thermal comfort. In addition, we ensure that this evaluation is carried out with a global vision, by placing the possible advantages in front of the different needs relating to the development of these technologies. This thesis work is organized in three parts preceded by a detailed introduction intended to give the reader an overview of the various contextual elements, thus allowing the thesis work to be placed in perspective. We then give in the first part the theoretical framework needed to understand the problems encountered during the elaboration and creation of neural networks for building energy applications. Then, a bibliographical study giving the reader a broad overview of the various applications of neural networks in the field of building energy is presented. The second part is devoted to the calibration of the building model that is then used to test and evaluate a predictive controller implementing neural networks. After an explanation of the method used and a detailed presentation of the model, a complete analysis of the calibration results is carried out. We conclude this part with observations and recommendations regarding the standard calibration guidelines recommended by three international organizations. Finally, a practical application using neural networks for the predictive control of indoor temperature is presented in the third part. After a theoretical introduction concerning predictive control, we detail the method employed to train the neural networks used. The results obtained in simulation with a predictive controller are then analyzed and compared with those obtained with two reference controllers for various simulation hypothesis. The predictive controller is thus tested in several scenarios, ranging from an ideal situation to more realistic operating conditions, including two different types of heat emitters, namely radiant ceilings and underfloor heating
Ebuy, Habtamu Tkubet. "Design and development of a Co-simulation Platform to study the impact of occupant behavior on building performances". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0251.
Pełny tekst źródłaBuilding performance is impacted by several factors, including physical characteristics, envelope, system maintenance, indoor air quality and climate. However, it is important to remember the behavior of the occupants which determines the overall performance of the building. The operational phase is the phase that consumes the most energy from a building, as it involves technical systems, equipment and occupants. The difference between actual energy and predicted energy has been identified as a main knowledge gap in the literature. One of the main reasons for this difference is related to a misunderstanding of the stochastic nature of their occupants: their presence, current activities, activity-dependent characteristics and the resulting implications for perceived comfort. The focus of previous studies has been on energy-related occupant behavior (OB) investigations in residential buildings. This research involves the development and validation of stochastic models within existing academic buildings. Specific models used in the study areas are occupancy, activities, shading, window openings, thermostat and lighting usage. In current conventional simulation tools, occupant behavior is modeled as occupation patterns. The objective of this study is to identify the direct and/or indirect impacts of occupant behavior on the overall performance of the building. The dynamic behavior of the occupants is modeled and simulated along with the thermal aspects of a building. Consequently, to support this study, a chronological review of the literature on OB and its effects on building performance was conducted. This thesis describes our principle validation platform which integrates stochastic occupant models into a multi-agent simulation platform (SimOcc), which communicates directly with the building simulation. Subsequently, building simulations were completed for the buildings using real data and TRNSYS software tools. SimOcc is validated through a co-simulation platform in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the built-in stochastic behavior model of occupants in educational buildings. A belief-desire-intention model is used to develop a set of objectives and plans that an agent should follow to influence the environment based on their beliefs about current environmental conditions. SimOcc uses multi-agent-based modeling to learn how to react to building processes and agents are able to choose strategies without the need for context-specific rules. Using these complementary techniques, the integration of occupant presence and behavior in a single platform to support comprehensive simulation support that can be easily interfaced with various building performance simulation programs is a key contribution of this thesis
Lapisa, Remon. "Étude du rafraîchissement passif de bâtiments commerciaux ou industriels". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LAROS031/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaCommercial and industrial buildings represent a significant part of total energy demand. The objective of this thesis is to study the thermal behavior and airflows of commercial or industrial buildings (low-rise and large volume) by numerical simulations, to improve their thermal performance in order to reduce their energy consumption while maintaining thermal comfort of the occupants. The first part of this study consists in identifying and evaluating the keys factors that affect the energy demand and thermal comfort of these buildings. Using the developed models (multizone and zonal), we present the impact of the most important parameters (building orientation, thermal insulation, radiative properties of the roof, soil, internal thermal inertia, air diffusion…) on energy consumption and thermal comfort. We have identified here that the main influencing parameters can be found in the design of the roof and the ground floor considering the energy performance of the studied building. The developed model is then applied to a real commercial building. Results showed that the predictions are in good agreement with the measurements and that night-time natural ventilation can be an efficient passive cooling technique to avoid overheating in summer. In the second part, we evaluate the efficiency of different passive cooling techniques (thermal insulation, night-time natural ventilation, cool roof…) applied to ensure the thermal comfort in winter as well as in summer while minimizing the energy consumption. Finally, an optimization study is proposed to determine the optimal set of parameters for both objective functions considering the passive cooling techniques and the energy demand according to different climatic zones
Micolier, Alice. "Développement d’une méthodologie d’évaluation cohérente et intégrée de l’impact des choix de conception sur la qualité de l’air intérieur et les performances énergétiques et environnementales des bâtiments résidentiels". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0380.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe construction sector is undergoing a profound transformation driven by energy and environmental concerns. The design solutions proposed to meet these objectives must not compromise indoor air quality (IAQ). Despite the major public health risks associated with this issue, design actors lack tools to assess the performance of the design solutions in terms of IAQ. This thesis aims to address this challenge by proposing a consistent and integrated methodology for evaluating the health, energy and environmental performance of building design solutions. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been identified as a relevant methodology for integrating into a standardised methodological framework the evaluation of the building performance in terms of IAQ, energy and environment through common impact metrics.In order to better characterise the impacts generated by indoor air pollution and energy consumption during the operational phase of the building, we developed a numerical model coupling heat and mass transfers in the building envelope. This model evaluates the emission of pollutants from building materials (inventory) until their fate in indoor environments (transport) as a function of the temperature. The integration of this model into the LCA allowed us to quantify the impact of different construction materials on the indoor and outdoor environment of the building and to compare them with the impacts generated during their production and end of life phase. The results obtained show the sensitivity of this model to behaviour-driven parameters.The occupant has a major role in the problem of IAQ and its consideration is a key element to quantify occupants’ exposure to indoor pollutants with fewer uncertainties. We developed an agent-based model simulating human behaviour within residential buildings using an advanced cognitive architecture that integrates both the deliberative and social behaviour of occupants. By coupling the pollutant transport model with the human behavioural agent model, we explored to which extent the exposure to indoor pollution is sensitive to the occupants' lifestyle and the occupants' behaviour influences the fate of pollutants in indoor environments. This is a preliminary step in estimating a confidence interval of the simulation results, paving the way for a performance guarantee process in terms of IAQ
Boudhaim, Marouane. "Optical and thermal performance of complex fenestration systems in the context of building information modelling". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAD032/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe energy efficiency of the building occupies an important place in construction projects. The facade plays a key role in determining the performance of the building. Complex fenestration systems (CFS) are therefore generally used to improve its efficiency. The facade's performance evaluation usually includes energy consumption, natural lighting, visual and thermal comfort aspects in order to choose the optimal CFS. Recent efforts have focused on using rich models such as Building Information Modeling (BIM). These models provide an opportunity for automation and cost savings. Several CFS models could easily be compared to optimize the building's performance. In this thesis, we present a methodology to transform the architectural model of the BIM into a Building Energy Model compatible with several simulation software. We also present optical and thermal models compatible with BIM. These models are validated by comparison with experimental data and current standards
Aïssani, Amina. "Optimisation fiabiliste des performances énergétiques des bâtiments". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22677/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the context of growing world energy demand and environmental degradation, many actions are undertaken each year to improve the energy performance of buildings. During the design stage, the use of building energy simulations remains a valuable tool as it evaluates the possible options in terms of energy performance and comfort. However, as precision requirements increase, it becomes essential to assess the uncertainties associated with input data in simulation. This thesis focuses on the insulation design process under uncertainty, in order to limit gaps between real and predicted performance for better control of energy consumptions. This work firstly presents the current alarming energy context. We consider the main uncertainties that affect the insulation, mainly the variability of the thermophysical properties, the uncertainty on climate and the uncertainties due to workmanship defects. Experimental studies were carried out to evaluate the uncertainty associated to the intrinsic performance of healthy insulation materials on one hand, and those associated to defects in insulations on the other hand. A coupling between thermography techniques and finite element models was used to provide analytical models that assess the effective thermal performance of a defective insulation, according to the type and size of the defect. As the performance of insulation also depends on climate, it is necessary to integrate future weather data to evaluate the energy consumption. These weather data are generally estimated based on the historical climatic data of the region. However, it is still difficult to predict climate change as it depends on many uncontrollable factors. In this work, we consider the different climate scenarios proposed by climate expert groups, and the uncertainty associated to each scenario to evaluate the reliability of the insulation and to improve the decision making process. Finally, we propose a probabilistic approach to integrate uncertainties in simulation and an optimization methodology based on reliability. A new cost formulation is also proposed to improve the decision-making, through indirect losses related to comfort, pollution and living space losses
Faure, Xavier. "Optimisation d’enveloppe hybride pour bâtiment à haute performance énergétique". Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10229.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work lies within the framework of low energy consumption building envelope. A new concept of hybrid envelope is proposed: in winter, space heating is ensured by thermal solar air collectors associated with inertial panels (containing phase change materials). The air flows into cavities located all around the envelope, and brings the collected energy to the inertial panels. Ln summer, overheat absorbed by inertial panels is discharged at night with an over-ventilation through the cavities, in an open loop configuration. A global analytical model was developed in the TRNSys environment. An instrumented experiment is realized in real size test cell (40m3) to study the physics of the envelope, and to validate the model in natural and forced convection. A specific rig is held for the phase change materials. The influences of the natural convection within the liquid phase are highlighted, as well as the variability of the phase transition characteristics with various boundary conditions. The most important parameters are identified using a global sensitivity analysis method (FAST). Parametric studies show the interest of such a system: reductions from 30% to 50% are obtained on heating loads; the number of overheating hours is clearly reduced and even cancelled. For equivalent loads, 1 cm thickness of inertial panels is enough for latent heat storage, against 5 to 8cm for sensible heat storage, according the climate
Djedjig, Rabah. "Impacts des enveloppes végétales à l’interface bâtiment microclimat urbain". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LAROS421/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study was conducted in the framework of the National Program "ANR-VegDUD Project : Role of vegetation in sustainable urban development, an approach related to climatology, hydrology, energy management and environments" (2010 -2013). It deals with the experimental and numerical modeling of green roofs and green facades to evaluate their thermohydric effects on buildings and urban microclimates. A physical model describing the thermal and water transfer mechanisms within the vegetated building envelopes has been developed. The model’s program has been implemented in a building simulation program. Using this tool, we are able to predict the impact of green roofs and green facades on building energy performance. This approach is extended to the street canyon in order to assess the microclimatic interaction in building simulation. An experimental mockup modeling an urban scene at reduced scale is designed to study the impact of different types of green roofs and walls. The comparison of the measurements carried out on vegetated buildings and streets with the reference highlights the hygrothermal and radiative impacts of vegetated buildings envelopes. In addition, these experimental data are used to verify and validate the reliability of developed tools. The results show that thermal and water transfers are strongly coupled. Hence, the thermal behavior of green roofs and green walls depend on the water availability within the growing medium. In summer and winter, measurements and numerical simulations show that green envelopes improve the energy efficiency of buildings and reduce the urban heat island
Riedel, Benjamin. "Modules photovoltaïques colorés pour le bâtiment optimisés pour l'esthétique et la performance". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Chambéry, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023CHAMA025.
Pełny tekst źródłaWith a view to designing positive-energy buildings, solar energy can be used to cover all energy needs. These structures must also be able to manage all aspects of interior comfort, and be aesthetically pleasing to the eye, in line with architects' requirements. These three points call for optimal integration of multifunctional solar photovoltaic (BIPV) or photovoltaic/thermal hybrid (BIPV/T) components. However, the integration of PV modules in facades leads to a reduction in energy yield, due among other things to their heating, the risk of shading in urban environments, and the coloring technique used to achieve a particular aesthetic. To address the latter constraint, a BIPV component for facades, combining aesthetics and performance in an optimized architectural approach, is required.This work focuses on the potential of a particular technology: ceramic printing on glass. Thanks to several experimental campaigns and numerical analysis tools, ceramic inks are being characterized from various angles. Firstly, optically, where the study of scattering phenomena enables us to understand the behavior of light in these complex media. They are also characterized energetically, thanks to the manufacture of numerous PV modules with printed front panels. The control that technology offers over digital drawings enables us to test different techniques for playing on the observer's eye, such as color synthesis by pixelization and rastering. Other ink-related issues are addressed, such as the temperature rise of colored modules or the impact of UV rays on their aging. Analysis of the experimental results enables us to determine global solutions for optimizing aesthetic integration and electrical conversion efficiency. Finally, a methodology for designing optimized aesthetic BIPV modules is proposed, with the final choice of the compromise between color and performance left to the designer's discretion
Comet, Catherine. "Réseaux et chantiers : performance et capital social des entrepreneurs du bâtiment". Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50377-2004-12.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaVelázquez, Romo Ernesto. "Processus de conception énergétique de bâtiments durables". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENAM0022/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this thesis work is the development of a decision-support methodology for the energy design of sustainable buildings. The proposed methodology consists of: (1) a set of sixteen indicators of energy performance, covering the three dimensions of the concept of sustainability (environmental, economic and user comfort aspects) and based on a whole life-cycle approach; (2) a framework for the calculation of these indicators, adapted to the level of knowledge and detail of buildings in the early design phases; (3) a decision making roadmap, proposed as a sequential model for structuring decision making throughout the design process; and (4) a knowledge base of building elements, compiling the necessary technical, environmental and economic data for evaluating energy performance. This methodology is aimed to assist architects and engineers who participate in the energy design of office buildings within a French context. An assessment tool has been developed as a first application of the proposed methodology in order to determine its contribution to the process of decision making. The methodology has been validated through various case studies at each stage of the design process: from the schematic design phase to the detailed design phase. In particular, the integration of a double skin facade, whose impact on building performance is still not fully understood, was assessed
Haller, Hélène. "Concevoir des bâtiments performants : prescriptions publiques, coordination, apprentissage". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAH008/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn a context of sustainable development and energy transition, the French building sector represents a lever to carry out and achieve energy demand management ambitions. National and local rules regarding construction were progressively and substantially modified, and the building design process had to evolve to abide by these rules. Building design has been called into question by requirements aimed at energy performance.We question the readjustments implemented by building designers to follow these requirements. We show that local authorities mostly use operational urban planning to carry their energy requirements. Besides, after a learning period due to the implementation of a new definition of energy performance, the building sector has known stabilisation, characterized by the return of routines and the seek for shared conventions between the project owner and the project manager team. We study how an innovation (the global energy performance) developped and has been adopted by the socio-technical regime of construction.We mobilize the pragmatic sociology; particularly the French branch of sociological economy developed by L. Boltanski and L. Thévenot, and also researches on conventionalism, in order to study three estate operations. These operations belong to multi-unit housing, are of various sizes and are all characterized by a search of energy performance. They are located in different places: in the city of Strasbourg (Alsace) and in the area of Haute-Savoie
Artiges, Nils. "De l'instrumentation au contrôle optimal prédictif pour la performance énergétique du bâtiment". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT003/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaMore efficient energy management of buildings through the use of Model Predictive Control(MPC) techniques is a key issue to reduce the environmental impact of buildings. Buildingenergy performance is currently improved by using renewable energy sources, a betterdesign of the building envelope (insulation) and the use of advanced management systems.The more the design aims for high performance, the more interactions and coupling effectsbetween the building, its environment and the conditions of use are important and unintuitive.Only a more integrated regulation would take in account this complexity, and couldhelp to optimize the consumption without compromising the comfort.Model Predictive Control techniques, based on the use of dynamic models and optimizationmethods, promise a reduction of consumption and discomfort. They can generate energysavings by anticipating the evolution of renewable sources and intermittent needs, while takingadvantage of the building thermal inertia and other storage items. However, in the caseof buildings, obtaining a good dynamic model is tough, due to important uncertainties onmodel parameters and system solicitations.Recent advances in the field of wireless sensor networks are fostering the deployment ofsensors in buildings, and offer a promising opportunity to reduce these errors. Nevertheless,designing a sensor network dedicated to MPC is not obvious, and energy monitoring,instrumentation, modeling and predictive control matters must be considered jointly.This thesis aims at establishing the links between MPC and instrumentation needs inbuildings. We propose a generic method for building modeling, thermal simulation andoptimization. This methodology involves a multi-zone thermal model of the building, andefficient optimization algorithms using an adjoint model and tools from the optimal controltheory. It was implemented in a specific toolbox to develop a predictive control strategywith optimal control phases, state estimation phases and model calibration.At first, we study the formulation and resolution of an optimal control problem. We discussthe differences between such a control and a conventional regulation strategy, throughperformance indicators. Then, we present a state estimation method based on the identificationof unknown internal gains. This estimation method is subsequently coupled with theoptimal control method to form a predictive control strategy.As the parameters values of a building model are often very uncertain, parametric modelcalibration is essential to reduce prediction errors and to ensure the MPC performance. Consequently,we apply our methodology to a calibration technique based on in situ temperaturemeasurements. We also discuss how our approach can lead to selection techniques in orderto choose calibrated parameters and sensors for MPC purposes.Eventually, the predictive control strategy was implemented on an experimental building,at CEA INES, near Chambéry. The entire building was modeled, and the different steps ofthe control strategy were applied sequentially through an online supervisor. This experimentgave us a useful feedback on our methodology on a real case.This thesis is the result of a collaboration between CEA Leti, IFSTTAR Nantes andG2ELab, and is part of the ANR PRECCISION project
Chahwane, Layal. "Valorisation de l'inertie thermique pour la performance énergétique des bâtiments". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00701170.
Pełny tekst źródłaVorger, Éric. "Étude de l'influence du comportement des habitants sur la performance énergétique du bâtiment". Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0066/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaHuman behaviour is modelled in a simplistic manner in building energy simulation programs. However, it has a considerable impact and is identified as a major explanatory factor of the discrepancy between simulation results and in situ measurements. Occupants influence buildings energy consumption through their presence and activities, the opening/closing of windows, the actions on blinds, the use of artificial lighting and electrical appliances, the choices of temperature setpoints, and the water consumptions. The thesis proposes a model of occupants' behaviour including all these aspects, according to a stochastic approach, for residential and office buildings. Models' development is based on numerous data from measurements campaigns, sociological surveys and from the scientific literature. The proposed model for occupants' behaviour is coupled to the simulation tool Pléiades+COMFIE. By propagating the uncertainties of factors from the occupants' behaviour model and the thermal model (envelope, climate, systems), the simulation results confidence interval can be estimated, opening the way to an energy performance guarantee process
Demazeux, Coralie. "Performance énergétique et qualité de l'air intérieur : quelles responsabilités des professionnels du bâtiment ?" Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1058.
Pełny tekst źródłaBuildings have long been considered closed-in self-protected environments. Today, however, numerous scientific innovations show how they affect climate, energy and health related issues. By trying to reduce their impact on these issues, the law is made more complex, new obligations are created. As it happens, the way the law takes into account energy efficiency and indoor air quality affects building professionals liability. This liability covers several levels of responsibility depending on the legal status of the individual looking to institute the proceedings, whether it be the public sphere or a professional cocontractant. Thus professional liablility may be a result, unique, successive, or cumulative, of state control as well as civil responsability, and more specifically of contract law. This doctoral thesis looks to determine whether the numerous foundations and levels of responsibility enable us to sanction unfulfilled obligations, thus improving buildings'energy and sanitary efficiency
Stefanoiu, Ana. "Vers l'évaluation de la performance des bâtiments à haute efficacité énergétique". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAA007/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn France, the building sector is the main energy consumer. Moreover single-family houses represent about 60% of annual dwelling construction. The construction of energy efficient buildings represents a big step into energy saving. However, even though various efforts are made within this field, there is still a lack of methodologies about how to evaluate the energy performance of these buildings. The performance evaluation of an energy efficient building should allow understanding factors that contribute to its energy performance and as well as identifying the causes of overconsumption, poor indoor conditions.This thesis seeks to contribute to this field, by proposing an approach towards evaluating the energy performance of a house. This is done by comparing the real performance and the expected performance, using monitoring and building performance simulation, from design to operational phases. The energy performance evaluation approach is carried out on different cases of studies, mainly on a single-family house, situated in a Mediterranean climate.First, in the design phase, we use building performance simulation models to study the dispersions in energy use related to occupant’s behavior. The goal is to analyze the influence of the occupancy scenario on the behavior of the building and to establish a range of values for energy demand, based on national statistics. This step study the building’s behavior based on different types of occupancy scenarios, appliances and lighting use and temperature set point.Then, the focus is on the global evaluation of the envelope’s performance. Within the present thesis an innovative in-situ dynamic test is developed to assess the real envelope’s performance. This test is adapted to occupied houses (as it only takes 2 days) while controlling the infiltration air flow. The comparison between theoretical results of steady state calculation and experimental results show a good precision of less than 10%.Finally, continuous monitoring of energy efficient houses is studied. First, a work is done to reduce the number of sensors required for monitoring, while minimizing the loss of information. Then, an instrumentation methodology is developed and applied to a single-family house. The follow-up of this house could be studied during the first six months of monitoring and allowed to explain the behavior of the building and its consumption with regard to its use and to make the link with the previsions made during the design phase
Munaretto, Fabio. "Étude de l'influence de l'inertie thermique sur les performances énergétiques des bâtiments". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2014. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-01068784.
Pełny tekst źródłaBelaid, Kheira. "Performances de divers types d'agents viscosants dans les bétons autoplaçants pour bâtiments". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1510.
Pełny tekst źródłaToesca, Adrien. "Evaluer les performances des bâtiments urbains passifs face aux canicules à venir". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LYO10054.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the context of global warming, extreme weather events such as heatwaves will be longer, more frequent and more intense. These heatwaves are amplified in cities by the urban heat island phenomenon and are likely to affect a majority of the world's population since more than half of the world's people live in urban areas, with an increase in recent decades. Furthermore, residential buildings in Europe are currently very poorly equipped with air conditioning systems and the social benefits of increasing the penetration rate of air conditioning systems are questionable. A majority of people are therefore likely to be vulnerable to future heat waves. This observation reveals the need to address the following problem: how to assess the performance of passive urban residential buildings during the heatwaves expected in the coming decades? This thesis consisted in defining the different elements of an evaluation protocol to answer this problem. First of all, relevant simulation tools were defined. These tools were compared with in-situ measurements carried out in Lyon during the summer of 2020. The comparison reveals that the tools accurately model the indoor thermal environments of passive urban residential buildings. A methodology was then developed to create heatwave meteorological data sets that are representative of the diversity of heatwaves that buildings could experience in the coming decades. Bibliographic research was carried out to identify relevant indicators for assessing the sensation of heat in the indoor environment of buildings. Finally, the evaluation protocol was tested for 4 case studies located in the city of Lyon. The results show that building performances are varied with respect to the diversity of future heatwaves. Some heatwaves are problematic as they lead to extreme thermal sensations inside the buildings. For other heatwaves, the buildings tested are still able to provide healthy indoor environments
Lupsea, Maria-octavia. "Contribution to the environmental impact assessment of buildings : numerical modelling of dangerous substances’ release to water". Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAT0007/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaAny construction product and building undergoing contact with water during its life cycle can release chemical compounds potentially hazardous for the human health and the environment. The release of dangerous substances is presently investigated especially by experimental approaches commonly by laboratory leaching tests while the environmental impacts of construction products and buildings are evaluated by a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. The dangerous substances release during use stage of construction products (leaching behaviour) is currently very poorly represented in the existing data bases and methods for environmental assessment of construction products and buildings.In this context, the main objectives of this study were: (i) to develop a methodology for the assessment of the leaching behaviour of various construction products and (ii) to integrate the leaching data in LCA approach at building scale. The methodology developed for the assessment of the leaching behaviour of construction products is based on: (1) characterisation leaching tests at lab scale, following the horizontal standardised assessment methods for harmonised approaches relating to dangerous substances under the Construction Products Regulation (CPR), (2) modelling and simulation of coupled chemical and transport phenomena at lab and field scale, and (3) utilisation of simulated leaching data for the construction products exposed in natural condition with the LCA method for the characterization of the hazardous effect during the use stage. The proposed methodology was applied and validated on three different classical construction products i.e. CBA (Copper-Boron-Azole) treated wood, fibre-cement sheets and bitumen membranes. The leaching behaviour of CBA treated wood and fibre-cement sheets was simulated over several years under natural exposure conditions, using the geochemical software PHREEQC. The chemical models consider both the mineral and the organic matrixes and their interaction with treatmentcompounds. Mass transfer and transport phenomena were modelled. The developed coupled chemical-transport models are able to represent the dynamic leaching behaviour of the respective products in various leaching conditions. For bitumen membranes only experimental characterisation was possible. The leaching data obtained by simulation over the whole use stage of the products were integrated in the life cycle inventory (LCI) and the relevant life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) methods were applied with the enriched inventory. A simplified single-family house was modelled using a software designed to evaluate the intrinsic environmental performances of a building over its entire life cycle. ELODIE software was used in this work. The building scale assessment methodology is based on coupling the methodology developed for the product scale with the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) at building scale. This methodology allows a proper integration of leaching data in LCA tools and answers several technical questions raised in the field
Singh, Mahendra. "Améliorer la performance opérationnelle du bâtiment avec intégration de la gestion réactive capacités de diagnostic". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT107/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaCurrently, indoor discomfort in dwellings is one of the crucial issues along with the building energy consumption. Indeed, people spend 60-90% of their lives in buildings. Indoor comfort plays a vital role in occupants health, productivity, and well-being. However, various optimization and rule-based anticipative or predictive building strategies have been proposed to achieve the perceived comfort taking into account the energy consumption. However, in practice, anticipation or plans are far from the reality. Usually, anticipative plans are synchronized with one-hour anticipation period and do not consider the various sources of discrepancies as well as current envelope configurations. Unbeknownst to many, discrepancies from different sources could cause big penalty over cost and comfort. To tackle this issue, building management system needs to be designed as reactive or almost with no planning so that it can respond to all discrepancies re-actively. To address this problem, a multi-scale Anticipative Reactive Diagnosing- Building Management System (ARD-BMS) is proposed in this dissertation. ARD-BMS is an internal management and performs three important actions i.e., Discrepancydetection, Cause isolation, and finally Corrective actions. ARD-BMS follow the short-time resolution i.e., 10-minute to analyze the fault trends and current the building dynamics and take necessary corrective actions to maintain the desired level of comfort. This thesis proposes a fast dynamics simplified reactive model that can be used to estimate the current status of the building. Modern buildings are very sophisticated system with a large number of sensors, controllers, and HVACs. Most of the building facilities are using a scheduled preventive maintenance services derived from periodic operations of the buildings. These preventive actions do not take into account the other inadmissible issues such as unplanned situations, weather prediction failures etc. These unplanned issues could cause unaccountable impacts over occupant’s comfort during the 24-hour operation cycle. Diagnosability of short-term discomfort causes is still a challenging job at whole building operation level. Furthermore, to analyze this situation the thesis proposes a diagnostic methodology for detection and isolation of cause (faults) in buildings. The proposed methodology includes a rule-based HAZOP (Hazard and Operability analysis) and model-based approach. Further, in order to oversee unplanned discomforts, a short-term reactive optimization has been proposed
Rabouille, Mickael. "Recherche de la performance en simulation thermique dynamique : application à la réhabilitation des bâtiments". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENA024/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe building sector is evolving and has to meet the current environmental issues in both new construction and rehabilitation. The thermal simulation provides the mean to address this problem, but the estimated performance is limited to a specific set of parameters that have been defined. This thesis proposes a methodology based on the increased computing power to assess the building behaviour on different ranges of the inputs variation. Depending on the properties allocated to them, the changes of the variations will allow to seek solutions to restore or to assess the uncertainty in the outputs of the thermal model. To achieve this, effective sensitivity analysis methods are used across an analysis tool specifically developed for the simulation software EnergyPlus. This tool allows an almost automatic evaluation of the energy model building thanks to the proven sampling techniques such as LHS and LP-Tau; the efficient analysis techniques like RBD-FAST and RBD-SOBOL in order to reduce the number of simulations; an advanced management of the inputs and the outputs for a detailed assessment of the building regardless of its geometry. The sensitivity analysis techniques are used to provide an accurate picture of these key relationships within the model. To meet the constraints of the computational cost, the search for a solution is achieved through a metamodel from a Polynomial Chaos Expansion PCE. A GUI uses the approximation of the complex model of the building to provide instantly a clear vision of the behaviour of each entry on the outputs, their trends and their ideal ranges of variation to choose solutions. It is possible to couple the search for a solution to the uncertainty analysis to provide robust solutions and identify the main reason for the gap between simulation and reality. The methodology of the PhD work promotes the optimization of the model understanding more than looking for a specific solution. The purpose of the approach is to provide analytical tools to assist the expert in the search for a solution and so, develop graphical representations that facilitate the understanding of the building system for a gain in transparency and integration of many design constraints
Camara, Tamba. "Retour d’expérience pour l’évaluation des risques dans les bâtiments performants en zone aéroportuaire". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0124/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn developing countries, the growing importance of urbanization is bringing housing closer to transport infrastructure (airports, air terminals). Beside these observations, the difficult conditions of access to energy resources and the construction techniques inadequacy with the climate and the environment must enable tropical countries to move towards lasting potential construction techniques and use (passive, bioclimatic concepts) in order to guarantee the comfort (acoustic, thermal) of the inhabitants within the buildings. The sustainable construction potential, poorly explored, is very important in these countries. In the face of these challenges, the lasting buildings concept is one of the best alternatives for weaving harmony between the building and its environment. Lasting construction techniques go through a perfect knowledge of the site, the local climate and the inhabitants needs of comfort (acoustic, thermal). As part of our contribution to these issues, a risk assessment study and risk factors for building performance are initiated. However, most of the literature works focuses on the analytical approaches use that are sometimes insufficient, in the absence of taking into account practical realities. An analysis and assessment of risk performance methodology in buildings based on the capitalization and knowledge exploitation approach from return experience processes is developed. Two test buildings (an airport building and a F3B type residential building) are chosen in Bamako in order to apply the evaluation method with experts’ assistance, building technicians and users. For the first building, the assessment is relative to acoustic performance risks in the airport context while for the second; it relative to energy performance risks in the bioclimatic context. The effort focuses on the identification of non-qualities and the discomfort factors whose resolution contributes to improving the building acoustic, energy and environmental performance. To do this, field visits (surveys with building users and interviews with construction stakeholders) were conducted to identify on the one hand the residents’ needs and behavior and on the other hand, the construction actors’ techniques and practical knowledge. Questionnaire forms as well as measuring sensors in-situ (thermometers, hygrometers and sound level meter) and data processing software are used as tools for the performance risks assessment on test buildings. Investigations in the form of in-situ measurements, parameters (temperature, humidity and sound pressure levels) respectively inside and outside the airport and residential building type F3B are carried out with these sensors. These data are then treated with data processing software to integrate lasting construction knowledge and strategies. The capitalization of the information from these studies serves as experience feedback through corrective solutions propositions and good practices for the performance problems resolution (pathologies, damages, and others dysfunctions) observed on buildings
Darakdjian, Quentin. "Prédiction des performances énergétiques des bâtiments avec prise en compte du comportement des usagers". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROS015/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaContinuous improvement of the building energy performance is associated with the development of increasingly efficient and accurate numerical tools. While the consideration of phenomena related to buildings, systems and weather is well mastered, occupants’ behaviours are modelled in a very simplified way by repetitive scenarios and deterministic laws. The impact of occupants on energy consumption in high-performance buildings is dominant, as evidenced by the recurring gaps between predicted and measured results. The thesis demonstrates, via a multi-agent platform and stochastic models, an update on the ability to model occupants’ presence, their behaviours on windows, occultation devices, artificial lighting and heating setpoint temperatures. The application of the platform applies to office and residential buildings, for new builds and refurbishments. Occupants’ behaviour models are ideally obtained from in situ surveys, laboratory studies or sociological works. The suggested platform is then co-simulated with the EnergyPlus software, to study the influence of the models on a buildings energy performance. In the perspective of energy performance guarantees, this work contributes to the updating and reliability of prediction tools
Assoa, Ya Brigitte. "Performances de capteurs solaires PV/T hybrides bi-fluides intégrables à l'enveloppe des bâtiments". Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0007/these.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work is based on the Solar Steel program and on the PV-Th roof ANR-PREBAT program. The purpose of this work is to design a new configuration of multi-functional hybrid solar collector based on the superposition of the thermal and electric functions. Then, we proposed two prototypes of solar PV/T hybrid bi-fluids collector (air and water) which can be integrated into roof and are composed of some PV modules stuck on a ribbed metal absorber. Inside the rib, are installed hot water producing devices. Thermal and electrical models of these components have been developed gradually by the meaning of TRNSYS and have been validated step by step on the basis of experiments conducted in steady state and in dynamic state. These steps have permit to evaluate their thermal and electrical productivities and the energy needs solar coverage for various standard configurations in order to compare them to the productivity of some standard components
Tamokoué, Kamga Paul-Hervé. "Essais sur l'économie de la performance énergétique des bâtiments dans le secteur résidentiel". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM052/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis PhD dissertation aims at better understanding some features of the market for building energy performance in the residential sector and at evaluating the effectiveness of three policy interventions to encourage energy retrofit: Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs), tax credit for energy retrofit, and energy taxation. The first chapter of the thesis surveys the literature on building energy performance certification: there is strong evidence that households value building energy performance when buying or renting a dwelling. The second chapter provides a theoretical analysis of the impact of EPCs and shows that EPCs can decrease or increase energy consumption depending on the time horizon and the heterogeneity of energy demand in the population. The third chapter develops a simulation based on the aforementioned model and suggests that EPCs need to be supplemented by other policy instruments to reduce energy consumption. Relying on French micro-panel data, the fourth chapter econometrically analyzes the impact of a tax credit rate increase for energy retrofit and finds that it can substantially boost expenditures for investments targeted by the tax credit. The last chapter econometrically analyzes how energy prices affect households’ decisions to invest in building energy performance and does not find any statistical evidence of an effect of an increase in energy fuel price
Mousseau, Sébastien. "Essais pseudo-dynamiques méthodologie et application à un bâtiment en béton à haute performance de grandeur réelle". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2001. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1169.
Pełny tekst źródłaTrempe, Richard. "Réhabiliter l'enveloppe du bâtiment au Québec : impact des considérations sociales et techniques sur l'analyse de la performance". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26746.
Pełny tekst źródłaFu, Sijie. "Vélocimétrie par suivi 3D de particules pour la caractérisation des champs thermo-convectifs dans le bâtiment". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4078/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of this thesis is to conduct a comprehensive study on 3D Particle Tracking velocimetry (PTV) for thermal convective indoor airflow. This work mainly concentrates on the literature survey, the performance evaluation of 3D PTV measurement algorithms, and the experimental investigation for thermal convective indoor airflow using 3D PTV measurement technology. First, typical 3D PTV technology and its main previous applications for indoor airflow study are carefully reviewed. Then, the performances of different 3D PTV measurement algorithms are evaluated numerically and experimentally. Two sections consist of this part, one is to compare the measurement performances of typical PIV algorithm and 3D PTV algorithm, another is to compare the performances of seven complete 3D PTV algorithms. Last, based on the analysis in the thesis, the experimental investigation for indoor airflow generated by mixing ventilation method is conducted
Kaboré, Madi. "Enjeux de la simulation pour l'étude des performances énergétiques des bâtiments en Afrique sub-saharienne". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAA001/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn sub-Saharan African countries, the energy context, the high urban growth, inadequate construction techniques and climate offer great potential for bio-climatic approach and sustainable construction particularly on the energy level. However, this potential and the use of passive cooling techniques are weakly explored. To do so, it requires a good knowledge of building’s behaviour and their adaptation to the climatic context. As part of our contribution to this issue, a study on the thermal behaviour of buildings is initiated by numerical simulation. Indeed the building’s energy performance simulation tools are becoming more essential in the building’s design processes and analysis. Investigations are conducted on a building built with typical materials in Burkina Faso by following two main approaches. In the first approach a model of the building is faced with measurements from field experiments on the building. A calibration methodology based on the sensitivity analysis and optimization has been applied for the comparison of results. This helped to calibrate the model and diagnostic studies are performed.In the second approach, investigations on methods which can help to improve the building performance are realized through the application building performance simulation as a design aid tool. Interoperability and optimization techniques are used to deal with passive cooling techniques and their impacts on the building thermal behaviour are assessed. Finally in this work analysis techniques and performance criteria are used to characterize and make recommendations on building designs for the tropical climate context
Jaffal, Issa. "Vers une conception rationnelle des bâtiments à basse consommation d'énergie : méthodologie d'évaluation des performances thermiques". La Rochelle, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LAROS279.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe building sector has a high potential to reduce energy consumption. A rational choice among the design alternatives is an essential but complex issue, requiring the evaluation of the impact of a large number of alternatives on the different performance aspects of the building. This work proposes a methodology to evaluate thermal performance adaptable to a rational building design. The developed models satisfy several requirements including speed and accuracy. The choice of parameters is derived from the study of the heat flow in buildings. The method is applied to evaluate the heating demand of a single family house for three types of French climate. The coefficients of the models are identified with a low number of dynamic simulations using the design of experiment method. The best obtained accuracy is around the tenth of kWh/m²year. The models can analyze the effect of the different parameters on the heating demand. They also allow a better understanding of the influence of building heat flow. The application of the method to evaluate the cooling demand and the summer thermal comfort in a residential apartment shows an accuracy of the same order of magnitude as the one obtained with the heating demand. Finally, a prototype tool for choosing solutions based on the studied models is proposed. It allows guiding an evolutionary choice of solutions from a desired performance of the building designers
Montenegro, Iturra Esteban Emilio. "Impact de la configuration des bâtiments scolaires sur leur performance lumineuse, thermique et énergétique". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28011/28011.pdf.
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