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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Perceptual activity theory"
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Shapcott, Katharine A., Joscha T. Schmiedt, Kleopatra Kouroupaki, Ricardo Kienitz, Andreea Lazar, Wolf Singer i Michael C. Schmid. "Reward-Related Suppression of Neural Activity in Macaque Visual Area V4". Cerebral Cortex 30, nr 9 (30.04.2020): 4871–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa079.
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Abstract In order for organisms to survive, they need to detect rewarding stimuli, for example, food or a mate, in a complex environment with many competing stimuli. These rewarding stimuli should be detected even if they are nonsalient or irrelevant to the current goal. The value-driven theory of attentional selection proposes that this detection takes place through reward-associated stimuli automatically engaging attentional mechanisms. But how this is achieved in the brain is not very well understood. Here, we investigate the effect of differential reward on the multiunit activity in visual area V4 of monkeys performing a perceptual judgment task. Surprisingly, instead of finding reward-related increases in neural responses to the perceptual target, we observed a large suppression at the onset of the reward indicating cues. Therefore, while previous research showed that reward increases neural activity, here we report a decrease. More suppression was caused by cues associated with higher reward than with lower reward, although neither cue was informative about the perceptually correct choice. This finding of reward-associated neural suppression further highlights normalization as a general cortical mechanism and is consistent with predictions of the value-driven attention theory.
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D'Ambrosio, Justin. "A New Perceptual Adverbialism". Journal of Philosophy 116, nr 8 (2019): 413–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jphil2019116826.
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In this paper, I develop and defend a new adverbial theory of perception. I first present a semantics for direct-object perceptual reports that treats their object-positions as supplying adverbial modifiers, and I show how this semantics definitively solves the many-property problem for adverbialism. My solution is distinctive in that it articulates adverbialism from within a well-established formal semantic framework and ties adverbialism to a plausible semantics for perceptual reports in English. I then go on to present adverbialism as a theory of the metaphysics of perception. The metaphysics I develop treats adverbial perception as a directed activity: it is an activity with success conditions. When perception is successful, the agent bears a relation to a concrete particular, but perception need not be successful; this allows perception to be fundamentally non-relational. The result is a novel formulation of adverbialism that eliminates the need for representational contents, but also treats successful and unsuccessful perceptual events as having a fundamental common factor.
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Toomela, Aaro. "A perceptual theory of knowledge: Specifying some details". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22, nr 4 (sierpień 1999): 633–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x99492143.
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We attempt to resolve some details of Barsalou's theory. (1) The mechanism that guides selection of perceptual information may be the efferent control of activity. (2) Information about a world that is not accessible to the senses can be constructed in the process of semiotic mediation. (3) Introspection may not be a kind of perception; rather, semiotically mediated information processing might be necessary for the emergence of introspection.
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Ponomarev, A. I. "Tye’s Theory of the Unconceptual Content of the Perceptual Mental States". Discourse 5, nr 4 (29.10.2019): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2019-5-4-18-25.
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Introduction. In modern philosophy of perception, the issue of the content of perceptual mental states is actively discussed, in particular the possibility of nonconceptual content is one of the most significant problem. Usually conceptual activity is attributed to thinking, and perception is intended to be non-conceptual. Such an approach may deprive perception of opportunity to serve as a basis for judgment. The paper analyzes Tye’s theory of non-conceptual content of perceptual mental states, which does not deprive the perception of its epistemological function.Methodology and sources. Methodologically, the research work is based on philosophical analysis of modern theories of perception and results of cognitive research.Results and discussion. In accepted terminology, the content of perceptual mental states can be of three types: conceptual, non-conceptual detailed (fine-grained) and nonconceptual coarse (coarse-grained). Tye's position is that perceptual mental states have only the third kind of content. This approach faces a number of objections that are presented in this paper. The analysis of objections shows their surmount ability, thus, it can be concluded that the Tye’s position of nonconceptual content can be considered as reasonable. The main result of the presented research is the presentation of additional grounds for the theory of non-conceptual content of perceptual mental states.Conclusion. The problem of the content of perceptual mental states is crucial for understanding the epistemological role of perception. The theory of non-conceptual content of perceptual mental states provides new insights into perception.
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Adriaenssen, Han Thomas. "Peter John Olivi on Perceptual Representation". Vivarium 49, nr 4 (2011): 324–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853411x606356.
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Abstract This paper studies Olivi’s account of perceptual representation. It addresses two main questions: (1) how do perceptual representations originate? and (2) how do they represent their objects? Regarding (1), it is well known that Olivi emphasizes the activity of the soul in the production of perceptual representations. Yet it is sometimes argued that he overstresses the activity of the soul in a way that yields a philosophically problematic result. I argue that Olivi was well aware of the problem that could be raised for his theory and that he sought to cope with it. Regarding (2), Pasnau argues that for Olivi, causal relationships with external objects determine the content of perceptual representations. I argue that, rather, perceptual representations are about their objects because they are their similitudes. This makes him an internalist about representational content.
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Rhodes, Gillian, i Michael L. Kalish. "Cognitive penetration: Would we know it if we saw it?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22, nr 3 (czerwiec 1999): 390–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x99492027.
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How can the impenetrability hypothesis be empirically tested? We comment on the role of signal detection measures, suggesting that context effects on discriminations for which post-perceptual cues are irrelevant, or on neural activity associated with early vision, would challenge impenetrability. We also note the great computational power of the proposed pre-perceptual attention processes and consider the implications for testability of the theory.
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Ren, Hong, Chunyu Zhang i Ningning Zhang. "Research on EEG-based Graphic User Interface Kansei Design Evaluation". E3S Web of Conferences 179 (2020): 02103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017902103.
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Graphical user interface (GUI) is designed as the interaction medium between the user and the interface, and the perceptual experience of GUI design has been paid more and more attention by users. Based on the theory of perceptual engineering (KE), two groups of different visual style interfaces were taken as an example to record the EEG data when users watched two groups of visual interfaces, in order to explore the user’s perceptual imagery and perceptual experience for the visual interface. It aims to meet the user’s perceptual needs and provide an effective evaluation method and design basis for the graphical user interface design. Firstly, the EEG spectrogram and brain topographic maps were obtained by data analysis and processing. The results showed that the activity levels of the θ wave and α wave induced by the two groups of different visual style interfaces were significantly different. Secondly, this paper analyzed the user’s perceptual imagery with GUI perceptual design elements, and concluded that the perceptual design elements of GUI would affect the user’s cognitive interest and perceptual experience. GUI design should focus on the unity and coordination of perceptual design elements and perceptual imageries. Finally, it is concluded that the EEG-based perceptual design evaluation method can effectively evaluate the GUI visual interface.
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Ikkai, Akiko, Trenton A. Jerde i Clayton E. Curtis. "Perception and Action Selection Dissociate Human Ventral and Dorsal Cortex". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, nr 6 (czerwiec 2011): 1494–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2010.21499.
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We test theories about the functional organization of the human cortex by correlating brain activity with demands on perception versus action selection. Subjects covertly searched for a target among an array of 4, 8, or 12 items (perceptual manipulation) and then, depending on the color of the array, made a saccade toward, away from, or at a right angle from the target (action manipulation). First, choice response times increased linearly as the demands increased for each factor, and brain activity in several cortical areas increased with increasing choice response times. Second, we found a double dissociation in posterior cortex: Activity in ventral regions (occipito-temporal cortex) increased linearly with perceptual, but not action, selection demands; conversely, activity in dorsal regions (parietal cortex) increased linearly with action, but not perceptual, selection demands. This result provides the clearest support of the theory that posterior cortex is segregated into two distinct streams of visual processing for perception and action. Third, despite segregated anatomical projections from posterior ventral and dorsal streams to lateral pFC, we did not find evidence for a functional dissociation between perception and action selection in pFC. Increasing action, but not perceptual, selection demands evoked increased activation along both the dorsal and the ventral lateral pFC. Although most previous studies have focused on perceptual variables (e.g., space vs. object), these data suggest that understanding the computations underlying action selection will be key to understanding the functional organization of pFC.
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Rogé, Joceline, i Catherine Gabaude. "Deterioration of the Useful Visual Field with Age and Sleep Deprivation: Insight from Signal Detection Theory". Perceptual and Motor Skills 109, nr 1 (sierpień 2009): 270–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.109.1.270-284.
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The goal of this study was to establish whether the deterioration of the useful visual field due to sleep deprivation and age in a screen monitoring activity could be explained by a decrease in perceptual sensitivity and/or a modification of the participant's decision criterion (two indices derived from signal detection theory). In the first experiment, a comparison of three age groups (young, middle-aged, elderly) showed that perceptual sensitivity decreased with age and that the decision criterion became more conservative. In the second experiment, measurement of the useful visual field was carried out on participants who had been deprived of sleep the previous night or had a complete night of sleep. Perceptual sensitivity significantly decreased with sleep debt, and sleep deprivation provoked an increase in the participants' decision criterion. Moreover, the comparison of two age groups (young, middle-aged) indicated that sensitivity decreased with age. The value of using these two indices to explain the deterioration of useful visual field is discussed.
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Thomas, Nigel J. T. "The false dichotomy of imagery". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25, nr 2 (kwiecień 2002): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x02510049.
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Pylyshyn's critique is powerful. Pictorial theories of imagery fail. On the other hand, the symbolic description theory he manifestly still favors also fails, lacking the semantic foundation necessary to ground imagery's intentionality and consciousness. However, contrary to popular belief, these two theory types do not exhaust available options. Recent work on embodied, active perception supports the alternative perceptual activity theory of imagery.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Perceptual activity theory"
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Blain, Peter J., i N/A. "A Computer Model of Creativity Based on Perceptual Activity Theory". Griffith University. School of Information and Communication Technology, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070823.171325.
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Perception and mental imagery are often thought of as processes that generate internal representations, but proponents of perceptual activity theory say they are better thought of as guided exploratory activities. The omission of internal representations in the perceptual activity account has led some to see it as computationally implausible. This thesis clarifies perceptual activity theory from a computational perspective, and tests its viability using a computer model called PABLO. The computer model operates in the Letter Spirit domain, which is a framework for creating stylistic variations on the lowercase letters of the Roman alphabet. PABLO is unlike other computer models of perception and mental imagery because it does not use data-structures to represent percepts and mental images. Mental contents are instead modelled in terms of the exploratory activity in which perceptual activity theory says they consist. PABLO also models the flexibility of imagery, and simulates how it can be harnessed and exploited by the system to generate a creative product. PABLO is a first attempt at an implementation of perceptual activity theory, but the results suggest that the theory is computationally viable, and that it has advantages over other theories of mental imagery in the context of creativity.
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Blain, Peter J. "A Computer Model of Creativity Based on Perceptual Activity Theory". Thesis, Griffith University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366782.
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Perception and mental imagery are often thought of as processes that generate internal representations, but proponents of perceptual activity theory say they are better thought of as guided exploratory activities. The omission of internal representations in the perceptual activity account has led some to see it as computationally implausible. This thesis clarifies perceptual activity theory from a computational perspective, and tests its viability using a computer model called PABLO. The computer model operates in the Letter Spirit domain, which is a framework for creating stylistic variations on the lowercase letters of the Roman alphabet. PABLO is unlike other computer models of perception and mental imagery because it does not use data-structures to represent percepts and mental images. Mental contents are instead modelled in terms of the exploratory activity in which perceptual activity theory says they consist. PABLO also models the flexibility of imagery, and simulates how it can be harnessed and exploited by the system to generate a creative product. PABLO is a first attempt at an implementation of perceptual activity theory, but the results suggest that the theory is computationally viable, and that it has advantages over other theories of mental imagery in the context of creativity.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Information and Communication Technology
Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
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Książki na temat "Perceptual activity theory"
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Fowler, Susan. Sensory stimulation: Theory and activity ideas (for adults with physical and multiple disabilities). [Victoria]: Spastic Society of Victoria, 1997.
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Linson, Adam, i Eric F. Clarke. Distributed cognition, ecological theory and group improvisation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199355914.003.0004.
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This chapter proposes a way to understand the social, distributed and ecological underpinnings of improvised musical activity. It argues that significant aspects of collaborative performance may arise from perceptual, cognitive and action-orientated factors, in relation to prior experience and the broader historical and cultural context. The chapter illustrates ways in which each improviser in a collaboration may attune to different aspects of the circumstances, with idiosyncratic perceptions of the available affordances guided by attentional processes, physical aspects of the human body and musical instrument, and associations with prior experience. The experience of each musician in a collaborative improvisation thus both overlaps with and diverges from those of other musicians in the ensemble. These divergences are as important as the common ground, and are thus essential to any plausible and comprehensive account of collaborative improvisation.
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Schellenberg, Susanna. Perceptual Consciousness as a Mental Activity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827702.003.0007.
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Chapter 6 exploits the thesis that perception is constitutively a matter of employing perceptual capacities to address the problem of consciousness. Orthodox views analyze consciousness in terms of sensory awareness of some entities. The relevant entities have been understood to be (1) strange particulars, such as sense-data, qualia, or intentional objects, (2) abstract entities, such as properties, or (3) mind-independent particulars in our environment, such as objects, property-instances, and events. There are problems with all three versions of the orthodox view. Chapter 6 breaks with this orthodoxy. It argues that perceptual consciousness is constituted by a mental activity, namely the mental activity of employing perceptual capacities. I call this view mental activism. Insofar as employing perceptual capacities constitutes representational content, mental activism is a form of representationalism, one on which a substantive explanation is given why and how consciousness is grounded in representational content.
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Summerfield, Christopher, i Tobias Egner. Attention and Decision-Making. Redaktorzy Anna C. (Kia) Nobre i Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.018.
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This chapter reviews formal models of the decision process in humans and other primates, and discusses divergent accounts of how attention might intervene to bias or facilitate judgements about sensory stimuli. The review covers established decision-theoretic models, such as signal detection theory and serial sampling models, and other computational accounts that draw upon psychophysical and neurobiological mechanisms of early vision. It considers whether such decisions are limited by attentional capacity, or by noise, as suggested by normative models of choice. The authors revisit a debate concerning whether attention acts to boost inputs, enhance activity, or reduce noise. Finally, the authors consider the relationship between attention and expectation in perceptual decision-making.
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Angle, Stephen C. Buddhism and Zhu Xi’s Epistemology of Discernment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190878559.003.0004.
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This chapter focuses on Zhu Xi’s theory of knowing in order to show how Zhu consciously appropriated Buddhist ideas to develop his own thought. Zhu repurposed the Buddhist term zhijue (perceptual awareness) to become a general term for the mind’s various kinds of knowing activity. Zhu’s epistemology was a conscious rejection of radical approach associated with the Song dynasty Chan master Dahui Zonggao (1089–1163). Two parallel lines of argument are presented. First, the main reason that key aspects of Zhu’s thought resemble Buddhist ideas and modes of thought is due to the deep-rooted cultural embeddedness of those Buddhist ideas and modes of thought. Second, despite the fact that Zhu’s epistemic theorizing is replete with terms and phrases that are strongly associated with, and in some cases originate from, Buddhist writing, the similarities in terminology or structure actually mask deep differences.
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Textor, Mark. The Intentionality of Enjoyment. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199685479.003.0010.
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Brentano sees a very close relation between enjoyment and perceptual consciousness. Enjoying an activity is, Brentano proposed, an intuitive model of awareness of an activity. The chapter outlines the Aristotelian background of Brentano’s view of enjoyment, highlighting four suggestions Aristotle made about pleasure. I will assess Brentano’s arguments for the view that the proper objects of enjoyment are only activities (Hedonic Energism), and defend this view against the claims of the Hedonic Objectivists and Subjectivists. In order to understand Brentano’s development of Hedonic Energism, as well as the range of alternatives, we need to take into account that ‘enjoy’ is a polysemous word. Since there is a basic sense of ‘enjoy’ in which we can truly say that we enjoy activities, I conclude that Hedonic Energism is defensible.
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Textor, Mark. Brentano's Mind. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199685479.001.0001.
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Brentano is one of the ‘grandfathers’ of philosophy of mind. His work influenced analytic philosophers like Russell and Chisholm as well as phenomenologists like Husserl and Sartre and continues to shape debates in the philosophy of mind. Brentano made intentionality a central topic in the philosophy of mind by proposing that ‘directedness’ is the mark of the mental. The book’s first part investigates Brentano’s intentionalism and attempts to improve or develop it. I argue that there is no plausible version of this doctrine and reject it in favour of a mark of the mental proposed by Brentano’s student Husserl: mental phenomena have no appearances. The book’s second part develops and defends Brentano’s metaphysics of awareness. Awareness of a mental activity and this mental activity are not distinct mental acts, the first representing the second. They are one and the same activity directed on several objects. Brentano’s basic insight is that intentionality is plural: directedness is always directedness on some objects. I will assess Brentano’s arguments for this view and argue that the plural conception of intentionality solves thorny problems about perceptual consciousness (II.1). I will go on to articulate Brentano’s distinction between awareness and observation in the proposed framework (II.2). In the next part (II.3) I use enjoying an activity as a model for awareness of it and explore the intentionality and nature of pleasure. The book’s final part (II.4) extends the plural view to the conscious mental life of a thinker at a time (the unity of synchronic consciousness): it is one mental act with many objects.
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Creech, Andrea, i Susan Hallam. Facilitating learning in small groups. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199346677.003.0004.
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Musical ensemble performance is an inherently social activity, offering a rich context for fostering deep learning. Yet, musicians need to be supported in developing the skills that underpin negotiation and collaboration in generating musically cohesive, imaginative and convincing performances. This chapter focuses on the role of the coach or facilitator in maximizing the potential for collaborative and creative music-making in groups. The group processes and roles found in ensembles of varying types are considered within a framework comprising musical, perceptual and social skills required for creative music-making. Case-study examples demonstrate how, in a range of musical contexts, musical coaches/facilitators might support group members in developing these skills. The chapter concludes by offering group coaches and facilitators points of reflection with regard to how they might apply the key messages within their own practice.
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Keymer, Thomas. The Subjective Turn. Redaktor David Duff. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199660896.013.20.
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Central to Charles Taylor’s account of secular modernity, in which divinely guaranteed truth gives way to the personal and human, is ‘the massive subjective turn … in which we come to think of ourselves as beings with inner depths’. This chapter approaches the ‘subjective turn’ of Romantic literature by way of its philosophical and literary antecedents in the eighteenth century, emphasizing the instability or inscrutability of personal identity as conceived in Hume, Sterne, and the emergent genre of autobiography. The most powerful autobiographies of the Romantic era—if we include such generically complex cases as The Prelude and Biographia Literaria—inherit and develop a Shandean sense of the problematics of their own enterprise. Yet their fascination with the processes of cognition, and more broadly with mental operations, conscious or unconscious, also bears the mark of more recent psychological discourses; they articulate a new sense of subjectivity as constituted by the creative perceptual activity of imagination.
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Nobre, Anna C. (Kia), i Gustavo Rohenkohl. Time for the Fourth Dimension in Attention. Redaktorzy Anna C. (Kia) Nobre i Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.036.
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This chapter takes attention into the fourth dimension by considering research that explores how predictive information in the temporal structure of events can contribute to optimizing perception. The authors review behavioural and neural findings from three lines of investigation in which the temporal regularity and predictability of events are manipulated through rhythms, hazard functions, and cues. The findings highlight the fundamental role temporal expectations play in shaping several aspects of performance, from early perceptual analysis to motor preparation. They also reveal modulation of neural activity by temporal expectations all across the brain. General principles of how temporal expectations are generated and bias information processing are still emerging. The picture so far suggests that there may be multiple sources of temporal expectation, which can bias multiple stages of stimulus analysis depending on the stages of information processing that are critical for task performance. Neural oscillations are likely to provide an important medium through which the anticipated timing of events can regulate neuronal excitability.
Części książek na temat "Perceptual activity theory"
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Geronazzo, Michele, i Stefania Serafin. "Sonic Interactions in Virtual Environments: The Egocentric Audio Perspective of the Digital Twin". W Sonic Interactions in Virtual Environments, 3–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04021-4_1.
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AbstractThe relationships between the listener, physical world, and virtual environment (VE) should not only inspire the design of natural multimodal interfaces but should be discovered to make sense of the mediating action of VR technologies. This chapter aims to transform an archipelago of studies related to sonic interactions in virtual environments (SIVE) into a research field equipped with a first theoretical framework with an inclusive vision of the challenges to come: the egocentric perspective of the auditory digital twin. In a VE with immersive audio technologies implemented, the role of VR simulations must be enacted by a participatory exploration of sense-making in a network of human and non-human agents, called actors. The guardian of such locus of agency is the auditory digital twin that fosters intra-actions between humans and technology, dynamically and fluidly redefining all those configurations that are crucial for an immersive and coherent experience. The idea of entanglement theory is here mainly declined in an egocentric spatial perspective related to emerging knowledge of the listener’s perceptual capabilities. This is an actively transformative relation with the digital twin potentials to create movement, transparency, and provocative activities in VEs. The chapter contains an original theoretical perspective complemented by several bibliographical references and links to the other book chapters that have contributed significantly to the proposal presented here.
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"Self-Regulation Models of Perceptual Process and Memory". W Applied and Systemic-Structural Activity Theory, redaktorzy Gregory Z. Bedny i Inna Bedny, 105–24. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, [2019] | Series: Human activity: Efficiency, safety, complexity, and reliability of performance: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429466311-5.
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Jorgensen, Larry M. "Perceptual Distinctness and Mental Activity". W Leibniz's Naturalized Philosophy of Mind, 120–42. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198714583.003.0006.
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Leibniz explains both activity and sensation in terms of the relative distinctness of perception. There is some worry that by applying distinctness in this way, Leibniz fails to articulate a univocal and coherent account of the distinctness of perception. This chapter argues that the systematic connection between activity and sensation is actually illuminated by Leibniz’s use of distinctness. This chapter argues that there is a way to resolve some interpretive difficulties by taking seriously Leibniz’s claims about mind–body parallelism and the mediation of perceptions via the body. To do so, we will need to modify Leibniz’s theory of expression even further in order to account for his theory of perceptual distinctness. By supplementing Leibniz’s account of expression with a mediation relation, the systematic nature of his thought is brought out more fully.
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C. Lola, Afroditi, i George C. Tzetzis. "The Development of Motor and Perceptual Skills in Young Athletes". W Sport Psychology in Sports, Exercise and Physical Activity. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99245.
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Human movement is a complex phenomenon. For people involved in teaching motor or perceptual skills in sports, effective models of training in children are a major challenge. Topics related to learning and the development of motor or perceptual skills help people involved in learning movements (coaches, physical education teachers, kinesiologists, physiotherapists) to have a deeper knowledge of the learning processes. An attempt is made to combine theory and practice so that this chapter can be a simple but useful tool for learning, evaluation, proper guidance, planning practice, and providing simple practical approaches to make the work of professionals more effective.
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Zitin, Abigail. "Making Art in the Third Critique". W Practical Form, 145–71. Yale University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300244564.003.0006.
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This chapter inquires into the fate of artistic practice in the text responsible for making form central to the theorization of aesthetics: Immanuel Kant’s Critique of the Power of Judgment. When Kant turns his attention to art, it appears as a special case, not fully within the purview of his theory of aesthetic judgment. How might Hogarth’s practitioner-centered aesthetic theory, in The Analysis of Beauty, inform an interpretation of Kant’s Third Critique? Kant, like Hogarth before him, connects the pleasure in aesthetic judgment with the cognitive activity of formal abstraction. Thinking like an artist means exercising the perceptual capacity for formal abstraction. In Kant’s theory as well as Hogarth’s, the artist can be understood as she who models free play as a practice that can be cultivated by means of this perceptual exercise.
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Wiemeyer, Josef, i Sandro Hardy. "Serious Games and Motor Learning". W Serious Games and Virtual Worlds in Education, Professional Development, and Healthcare, 197–220. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-3673-6.ch013.
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Digital games in general require fine motor skills, i.e., operating the computer mouse, the keyboard, the touch-screen, or a joystick. With the development of new gaming interfaces, the performance of whole-body movements became possible to control a game. This opens up new lines of application, e.g. improving motor skills and motor abilities. The most important question is whether and how virtual game-based perceptual-motor training transfers to real motor tasks. Theory distinguishes between specific motor skill learning and generic motor ability improvement. Existing evidence shows that the improvement of motor abilities (e.g., balance) is possible by particular exergames while the improvement of motor skills (e.g., basketball throw) depends on several moderators like accuracy of the interface and correspondence of virtual and real tasks. The authors conclude that there are two mechanisms of transfer, located at the elementary and fundamental perceptual-motor level and at the cognitive level. Current issues for technology comprise adaptivity, personalization, game mastering, accuracy of interfaces and sensors, activity recognition, and error detection.
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Novak, Alison N., Christopher Mascaro, Sean P. Goggins i Emmanuel Koku. "How [Not] to Caffeinate a Political Group". W Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology, 425–42. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6066-3.ch025.
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The attempted assassination of Representative Gabrielle Giffords in Arizona on January 8, 2011 spurred a surge of media reflection and criticism of the Tea Party Patriots and their violent rhetoric. The Coffee Party, created in 2010 as an oppositional force to the Tea Party, spent the days following the shooting discussing the various social, political, and moral aspects of the violence on their Facebook page. This chapter is part of an ongoing investigation of language in politically oriented online forums. Here, the 24 parent posts and following Facebook conversations are studied to investigate a connection between post sentiment and network structure. Using communication accommodation theory, Linguistic Inquiry Word Count (LIWC), and network analysis, a relationship is located between social, affective, cognitive, perceptual, and biological constructs and network measures of betweeness and core/periphery size. This chapter has implications regarding online network structures, new methods in Internet research, and online political activity research.
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Rescorla, Michael. "Reifying Representations". W What are Mental Representations?, 135–77. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190686673.003.0006.
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The representational theory of mind (RTM) holds that the mind is stocked with mental representations: mental items that represent. They can be stored in memory, manipulated during mental activity, and combined to form complex representations. RTM is widely presupposed within cognitive science, which offers many successful theories that cite mental representations. Nevertheless, mental representations are still viewed warily in some scientific and philosophical circles. This chapter develops a novel version of RTM: the capacities-based representational theory of mind (C-RTM). According to C-RTM, a mental representation is an abstract type that marks the exercise of a representational capacity. Talk about mental representations embodies an ontologically loaded way of classifying mental states through representational capacities that the states deploy. Complex mental representations mark the appropriate joint exercise of multiple representational capacities. The chapter supports C-RTM with examples drawn from cognitive science, including perceptual representations and cognitive maps, and applies C-RTM to long-standing debates over the existence, nature, individuation, structure, and explanatory role of mental representations.
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Lyons, Nathan. "Sign". W Signs in the Dust, 13–38. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190941260.003.0002.
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Part I of this book sets out a semiotic theory of human culture. This chapter uses the semiotics of John Poinsot (1589–1644, also known as John of St Thomas) to show how the whole scope of human cultural activity can be understood as at root the work of signs. Poinsot has a very wide-ranging understanding of signification, which includes natural, customary, and stipulated signs; physical and formal/psychological signs; and perceptual and communicative signs. Crucially, a single metaphysics of relations is the common basis for this whole spectrum of signs, so that natural and cultural signs count univocally as instances of signification. Poinsot’s notion of semiotic custom, in which conventional signs are ‘naturalised’ through habit to act as natural signs, is an important theme (to which chapters 5 and 6 will return in an evolutionary context). Poinsot’s semiotics illuminates the full anthropological ‘breadth’ of culture.
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O'Callaghan, Casey. "Senses". W A Multisensory Philosophy of Perception, 154–79. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833703.003.0006.
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Multisensory phenomena have been used to challenge the distinctness of our senses. Perceptual processes interact extensively and perform joint functions, while perceptual experience is constitutively and irreducibly multisensory. This chapter presents an account of the senses and what differentiates them. According to this proposal, each sense is a family of perceptual capacities unified and distinguished by the way in which those capacities are exercised. The relevant manner is an information-gathering activity type individuated by the information it functions to extract and the medium from which it does so. Perceiving involves exercising perceptual capacities in one or more sensory manners. Thus, perceptual episodes and experiences may be typed accordingly, without appealing to their phenomenology. The key to this approach is distinguishing the task of individuating senses from that of ascribing modalities to experiences. This account rejects the independence of the senses while preserving their distinctness. It illuminates richly multisensory perception and captures why it matters.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Perceptual activity theory"
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Caelli, Terry M. "Computational coding theory for image alignment and identification by human observers". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1985.thr2.
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Although sufficient evidence exists for the perceptual decomposition of spatial information via essentially uncorrected detector arrays with specific signals, their general form and applicability to superthreshold spatial vision is still questionable. In this paper we propose a nonlinear adaptive matched filter model for spatial coding which not only estimates the underlying detector characteristics to represent the processes of image alignment and identification, but also produces quantitative bounds on the efficiency of the decision processes based on same. Of particular importance to predicting results or visual texture discrimination, alignment of images, detection of signals embedded in scenes, and edge extraction are (1) the apparent nonlinear thresholding activity of such detectors, (2) the importance of the gradient or edge response, and (3) the use of cross correlation or matching as a comparison procedure. All processes are illustrated and compared with human psychophysical data. This formulation for superthreshold identification phenomena reformulates image amplitude and phase registration in terms of underlying (derivative) matched filter responses.
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Emelyanenkova, A. V., i S. B. Gnedova. "Diagnostics of perceptive and emotional components of psychological readiness for selfregulation of professional activity". W INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL ONLINE CONFERENCE. Знание-М, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38006/907345-50-8.2020.476.486.
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Psychological readiness is a complex phenomenon that includes a variety of motivational and regulatory components, a system of cognitive patterns of future activities and working conditions, predictive assessments, as well as managing your own emotional reactions. In the professional field of «Man-Technique», the subject of labor, managing a complex technical system, must have a high level of stress tolerance and self-regulation, which gives particular importance to the problem of professional diagnosis and selection. Subjective criteria can catch the «subtle» emotional experiences, the nuances of cognitive-affective processes that simultaneously occur in the psyche of the individual. Objective criteria — often require a rather expensive research procedure. In this regard, diagnostic techniques that combine efficiency and short duration with validity criteria are most in demand. To test the assumptions of their effectiveness, a study was conducted of psychological readiness for professional activity among novice drivers, as well as among cadets-pilots of civil aviation who begin training flight training. Samples «Falling words», «Manifest words» study the perceptual mechanisms underlying the subject’s interpretation of the situation as potentially stressful, diagnosing perceptive alertness / protection. A professional who has a high willingness to interpret the received signals as stressful will recognize these words faster, which will be reflected in the objective criterion — a short signal recognition time. A comparison of the data with the results of the coping tests revealed that for novice drivers, perceptual vigilance prevails over perceptual protection. More experienced drivers often discharge suppressed emotions (usually hostility, anger), directing them to objects that are less dangerous or more accessible than those that caused negative emotions and feelings. The psychological readiness for training flights among cadets needs an additional study of perceptual and emotional components that will be used in self-regulation of resistance to emotional and psychological stress associated with upcoming professional activities.
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Kuc, Alexander, Vladimir Maksimenko i Alexander Hramov. "Influence of Stimulus Complexity on the Properties of Neural Activity During Perceptual Process". W 2018 2nd School on Dynamics of Complex Networks and their Application in Intellectual Robotics (DCNAIR). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dcnair.2018.8589221.
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Meng, Pu, Yueqi Liu, Liqun Zhang i Xiaodong Li. "Computational Aesthetics of Visual Artworks: Review and Outlook". W 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001833.
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Beauty has always been the goal of human activity. The meaning of beauty is defined during its creation. The discussion of beauty by mathematicians has created the computational aesthetics. This paper reviews the related works in computational aesthetics of visual arts and summarizes the features used in aesthetic measurement. The features extracted from the visual artworks are divided into five types including visual, compositional, statistical, perceptual and artistic features. Based on those features, the visual images are quantified and analyzed on their aesthetic and artistic properties. The previous studies are mostly focused on the aesthetics of art production, the continuous process for artistic creation cannot be represented. Moreover, new forms of visual arts such as generative art emerged, which provide new opportunities and challenges to the field of computational aesthetics. A prospective on the algorithms for the evaluation of this new forms of visual arts will be given.
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Mohanty, Ronak R., Shantanu Vyas, Aman Nigam, Bruce L. Tai i Vinayak R. Krishnamurthy. "Orthopedic Bone-Drilling Assessment Through Laplacian-Based Trajectory Noise Characterization". W ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-70654.
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Abstract Assessment techniques for orthopedics training are primarily subjective, and often based on qualitative metrics. In this paper, we propose an analytical approach for the quantitative assessment of orthopedic surgery training, specifically, bone drilling. Our goal in this paper is to help improve orthopedics training by providing a means to assess the resident training progress. To this end, we introduce a novel metric that assigns a unique signature to an individual’s drilling activity based on their drilling trajectory, and we compare it with the signatures of expert surgeons. We conduct a simple bone-drilling experiment with surgeons (experts) and novice users on a hybrid (physical - digital) setup consisting of 3D printed bone surrogates that emulate physical and perceptual properties of a human bone across the young and old age groups. We create expert models using our drilling signature metric to evaluate drilling performance for novice users with respect to expert orthopedic surgeons. Our preliminary analysis of drilling signatures across expert and novice users showcases a perceivable distinction across two different bone types highlighting some fundamental insights on the drilling setup, bone material, and user response to each bone type. Our results indicate that the drilling signature helps capture not only a novice user’s drilling behavior, but also their relative expertise as they progress with training.
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Ogar, Aleksey, i Lyudmila Stepnova. "A Psychological Competence Assessment System for Trade Business Professionals Based on Economic Performance Indicators". W The Public/Private in Modern Civilization, the 22nd Russian Scientific-Practical Conference (with international participation) (Yekaterinburg, April 16-17, 2020). Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities, Yekaterinburg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35853/ufh-public/private-2020-61.
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The high demand for businesses to objectively assess their employees in order to make human resource decisions and further business development faces the issue of a lack of reliable staff assessment methodologies and the difficulty of interpreting the resulting assessment reports for practical use. Despite the fact that the competence approach to the assessment of specialists has been repeatedly considered by both domestic and foreign scientists, there is still no systematic psychological research aimed at establishing a link between the level of competence development of trade business specialists and the quantitative-qualitative sales indicator. The study focused on 32 sales managers from two commercial organisations in Moscow. Empirical data was obtained via test methods ‘Short Reference Test’ (V. N. Buzin, E. F. Vanderlik), ‘Eysenck Personality Inventory’, abridged version (H. J. Eysenck, G. J. Wilson, K. J. Jackson), questionnaire ‘Fear of Success, Need Achievement, and Fear of Failure’ (A. A. Rean), ‘Self-assessment of manager’s business and personal qualities’ (F. Fiedler), ‘Verbal creativity’ (S. Mednik), biographical method. As a result of the conducted research the connection between the level of development of communicative, socio-perceptual and auto-psychological competences and the effectiveness of professional activity of sales managers, measured by the number of sales for a certain period of time, has been revealed. The results of this study can be used in recruitment as well as for targeted investment in staff development and training to improve competencies and the financial performance of the company.
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Muhammad, Rahmat, Kathleen Allen Rodowicz, Michelle Heller, Joseph Sala i Chimba Mkandawire. "Biomechanical, Perceptual, and Cognitive Factors Involved in Balance Recovery Following Unexpected Perturbations: A Literature Review". W ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39285.
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For an individual standing or walking on a moving or non-moving surface, perturbations can result in postural instability and sudden loss of balance. When unexpected perturbations occur, specific mechanisms involving the sensory, cognitive, and motor systems activate in order to regain postural control. For example, specific muscle synergies can result in compensatory limb movements (e.g. stepping or reaching towards a fixed object) that are prevalent mechanical responses to sudden loss of balance and play a crucial role in preventing falls. These movements require the interaction of multiple sensory systems including the visual, somatosensory, and vestibular systems. If sensory information is unavailable or incomplete, there may be a greater reliance on cognitive processes such as memory and attention in order to execute a balance-recovering mechanical response; however, if cognitive processes are tasked, compensatory responses may be negatively affected. The ability to recover from sudden loss of balance is critical in preventing falls on both non-moving and moving surfaces. This review includes a discussion of the biomechanical, perceptual, and cognitive factors responsible for the control of balance recovery on moving surfaces.
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Hu, Pengbo, Xingyu Li i Yi Zhou. "SHAPE: An Unified Approach to Evaluate the Contribution and Cooperation of Individual Modalities". W Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/425.
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As deep learning advances, there is an ever-growing demand for models capable of synthesizing information from multi-modal resources to address the complex tasks raised from real-life applications. Recently, many large multi-modal datasets have been collected, on which researchers actively explore different methods of fusing multi-modal information. However, little attention has been paid to quantifying the contribution of different modalities within the proposed models. In this paper, we propose the SHapley vAlue-based PErceptual (SHAPE) scores that measure the marginal contribution of individual modalities and the degree of cooperation across modalities. Using these scores, we systematically evaluate different fusion methods on different multi-modal datasets for different tasks. Our experiments suggest that for some tasks where different modalities are complementary, the multi-modal models still tend to use the dominant modality alone and ignore the cooperation across modalities. On the other hand, models learn to exploit cross-modal cooperation when different modalities are indispensable for the task. In this case, the scores indicate it is better to fuse different modalities at relatively early stages. We hope our scores can help improve the understanding of how the present multi-modal models operate on different modalities and encourage more sophisticated methods of integrating multiple modalities.
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Canina, Marita, Daniela Amandolese i Carmen Bruno. "Design for Sustainable Behaviour to design an Adaptive Climbing Wall". W 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001885.
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In recent years, Europe has been moving towards a concept of inclusivity as highlighted by the sixteenth goal of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals Agenda that promotes peaceful and inclusive societies. (UN Dept. of Global Communications, 2015). The increasing awareness of social diversity has attracted the attention of designers who started to adopt an inclusive design approach and design products or services to be usable by as many people as reasonably possible, without the need for specialised adaptions. The inclusive design approach has been largely applied in adaptive sports to improve levels of functioning and independence in daily living activities and increase physical capability, physiological capacity, social status, and sense of belonging. Adaptive sports can become a way to promote involvement as an active part of the rehabilitation exercise to stimulate neuromotor recovery, particularly in children with disabilities (Canina et al., 2020). Recent research has demonstrated that climbing could be an excellent rehabilitation tool that involves the child with disabilities in a natural way. This sport exploits the propensity to play, to sport, to compete, to stimulate the execution of specific exercises, can transform this effort into a game and multiply the effectiveness of the rehabilitation process (Reljin, V., 2019). An intensive rehabilitation from an early age guarantees the recovery of part of their neuromotor abilities. In order to achieve better results in rehabilitation, adaptive sports must adopt a holistic approach to the user considering both the physical and the psycho-perceptual aspects, i.e. the ability to do it but also the feeling of fulfilment in doing it. However, current climbing walls do not include these aspects of the adaptive sport. An adaptive climbing wall design requires identifying a methodology that could lead to a coherent and effective solution, using explicit attention for inclusiveness. The paper describes the Design for Sustainable Behaviour (DfSB) approach adopted to design an adaptive climbing wall as a tool for the rehabilitation of children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) by identifying the sustainable, inclusive requirements that consider children’s diversity. The DfSb approach, as user- and use-centred design that create preconditions for a sustainable everyday life, considers the sustainability aspects from two essential points of view. The user's sustainable behaviour, in which inclusiveness is a fundamental part of these attitudes, and the product's sustainability that uses new recycled materials create a more natural environment (similar to climbing in natural environments). Indeed, the project considers first the sustainable behavioural aspects, spreading climbing as a tool to improve the health conditions of CP children, introducing them to climbing by making it accessible and inclusive, intending to help children with different abilities to build trust and awareness of their potentialities, and a sense of accomplishment while training problem-solving and decision-making skills. As a second point of DfSB, the climbing wall and holds are designed with sustainable materials (waste material content) that provide the feeling of natural stone considering the entire product lifecycle. This paper shows how the DfSB approach can support the definition of design requirements of a training tool introducing children with CP to climbing as a natural approach to rehabilitation, making it accessible and inclusive. The project brings children with disabilities closer to the adapted sport through an indoor and democratic recreational activity. Bibliography 1. AA.VV. (2020). What is inclusive design? Inclusive Design Toolkit. University of Cambridge. Retrieved from http://www.inclusivedesigntoolkit.com/whatis/whatis.html 2. Canina M., Parise C., Bruno C. (2020). An Inclusive Design Approach for Designing an Adaptive Climbing Wall for Children with CP. 3. DesignCouncil. (2020). What is the framework for innovation? Retrieved from https://www.designcouncil.org.uk/news-opinion/what-framework-innovation-design-councils-evolved-double-diamond 4. Dixon-Fyle, S., Dolan, K., Hunt, V., Prince, S.: Diversity wins! How inclusion matters, pp. 1–12. McKinsey Co. (2020) 5. Persson, H., Åhman, H., Yngling, A. A., & Gulliksen, J. (2015). Universal design, inclusive design, accessible design, design for all: different concepts—one goal? On the concept of accessibility—historical, methodological and philosophical aspects. Universal Access in the Information Society, 14(4), 505–526. 6. Reljin, V. (2019). Effects of Adaptive Sports on Quality of Life in Individuals with Disability. Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects., 822. 7. United Nations Department of Global Communications. (2015). Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.