Artykuły w czasopismach: „PERCENTAGE ELONGATION”

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Wei, Lin Na, i Li Hua Chen. "Research on Influence of Pre-Tension on Elongation Percentage at Specified Load for Knits". Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (wrzesień 2011): 706–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.706.

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In this paper, the influence of pre-tension on elongation percentage at specified load for knits was studied .First of all, initial elongation and elongation percentage at specified load for different retractility knits were tested and analyzed at different pre-tension. And then significance of influence of pre-tension on initial elongation and elongation percentage at specified load for knits were analyzed by means of variance analysis. Results show that the pre-tension has significant influence on initial elongation for different retractility knits, and it has no significant influence on elongation percentage at specified load for little retractility knits, and it has significant influence on elongation percentage at specified load for well retractility knits. The greater the pre-tension is, the more significant the influence is, Therefore it is suggested that pre-tension is generally less than 0.1N in the test.The research results can provide a certain reference to stretch and recovery test for knits and test standard recension .

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Singh, Brijpal, Zahid A. Khan, A. N. Siddiquee, Sachin Maheswari i Satish Kumar Sharma. "Effect of Flux Composition on the Percentage Elongation and Tensile Strength of Welds in Submerged Arc Welding". Archive of Mechanical Engineering 63, nr 3 (1.09.2016): 337–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/meceng-2016-0019.

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Abstract This experimental study reveals the effects of CaF2, FeMn and NiO additions to the base fluxes on tensile strength and percentage elongation of the weld metal. The aim of this study is to develop suitable flux for mild steel for high tensile strength, impact strength and ductility. Bead on plate welds were made using submerged arc welding process. Mathematical model for percentage elongation and UTS of mild steel welds were made. The elements transfer to the welds have been correlated with the above mechanical performance characteristics. The effect of oxygen content on weld elongation and UTS also has been deduced. This study shows that CaF2 and NiO are the significant factors for tensile strength while FeMn is not significant for tensile strength. However, for elongation besides CaF2, the interaction of CaF2 and FeMn was also found significant. The effects of basicity index of the flux and carbon equivalent of the welds on tensile strength and percentage elongation of the welds have also been evaluated.

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Mutombo, Kalenda, P. Rossouw i G. Govender. "Mechanical Properties of Mill-Annealed Ti6Al4V Investment Cast". Materials Science Forum 690 (czerwiec 2011): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.690.69.

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Ti6Al4V alloy, produced by investment casting using yttria stabilized zirconia, was machined and then mill-annealed in vacuum furnace. The ultimate strength, yield strength and percentage elongation were largely improved compared to the same alloy in the as cast condition. The mill annealing temperature and time strongly affected the ultimate strength, 0.2% yield strength and the percentage elongation.

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Okpala, Nnaemeka Emmanuel, Mouloumdema Pouwedeou Potcho, Tianyue An, Stephen Dela Ahator, Lixin Duan i Xiangru Tang. "Low temperature increased the biosynthesis of 2-AP, cooked rice elongation percentage and amylose content percentage in rice". Journal of Cereal Science 93 (maj 2020): 102980. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2020.102980.

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Amran, Mohd, Raja Izamshah, Mohd Hadzley, Mohd Shahir, Mohd Amri, Mohd Sanusi i Hazwani Hilmi. "The Effect of Binder on Mechanical Properties of Kenaf Fibre/Polypropylene Composites Using Full Factorial Method". Applied Mechanics and Materials 695 (listopad 2014): 709–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.709.

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The effect of maleated polypropylene (MAPP) as binder on the mechanical properties of kenaf fibre/polypropylene (KF/PP) composites is studied. Ratios between kenaf fibre and PP having 10:90, 30:70 and 50:50 in weight ratio were selected. Further, MAPP having 1, 3 and 5 percent in percentage of weight ratio was mixed in KF/PP composites. Hot press machine was used to produce tensile test samples of KF/PP composites. The mechanical properties that are tensile strength, tensile modulus and elongation at break of KF-PP composites were obtained from tensile test result. It is found that the tensile strength and tensile modulus increase with increasing the kenaf fibre loading and higher percentage of MAPP. Further, the elongation at break for KF/PP composites shows lower result when increasing of kenaf fibre loading. However, when percentage of MAPP added in KF/PP composites increases, the elongation at break increased slightly. Thus, result shows that kenaf fibre/PP composites with binder were better in tensile strength, tensile modulus however the elongation at break shows weak result unless the binder was added.

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Supanitayanon, Lalita, Surachai Dechkunakorn, Niwat Anuwongnukroh, Toemsak Srikhirin, Pitchaya Roongrujimek i Peerapong Tua-Ngam. "Mechanical and Physical Properties of Various Types of Dental Floss". Key Engineering Materials 730 (luty 2017): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.730.155.

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To compare maximum load, percentage of elongation, physical characteristics of 4 types of dental floss: (1) Thai Silk Floss (silk, waxed), (2) Oral B® Essential Floss (nylon, waxed), (3) Experimental Floss Xu (nylon, unwaxed), (4) Experimental Floss Xw (nylon, waxed). Four types of floss were tested (n=30) with a Universal Testing Machine (Instron®). Each sample (30 cm long, 5 cm segment) was fixed, and pulled apart with load cell of 100 N and a test speed of 100 mm/min. Physical characteristics were investigated by digital microscope under 2.5×10 magnification, and scanning electron microscope under 1×100 and 5×100 magnification. The size of the filaments was measured in micron (μm) and the fineness was measured in Denier. For mechanical properties, the maximum load and the percentage of elongation were presented as mean ± SD. The distribution of the data was calculated by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. One-way ANOVA and multiple comparison (Tukey HSD) were used to analyze the differences among the groups with the level of a statistical difference at p < 0.05. The maximum load of Floss Xu, Floss Xw, Oral B and Thai Silk were 47.39, 46.46, 25.38, and 23.70 N, respectively. The percentage of elongation of Oral B, Floss Xw, Floss Xu and Thai Silk were 72.43, 44.62, 31.25, and 16.44%, respectively. All 4 types of dental floss showed statistically differences in both the maximum load and percentage of elongation at p < 0.05, except for maximum load between Floss Xw and Floss Xu that showed no statistically significant difference. Physical characteristics of Thai silk revealed the most disintegrated, the smallest, and the least fine filaments. Floss Xu had the highest maximum load. Oral B had the highest percentage of elongation. Wax coating on Floss X increased the elongation but had no significant effect on the maximum load. The physical characteristics of Thai Silk resulted in the lowest mechanical properties values.

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Marthiana, Wenny, Yovial Mahyoedin, Duskiardi Duskiardi i Afri Rahim. "Analisa Pengaruh Variasi Arus Listrik Pengelasan Terhadap Kekuatan Sambungan Pengelasan MIG Pada Material ST 37". JURNAL KAJIAN TEKNIK MESIN 5, nr 2 (6.09.2020): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.52447/jktm.v5i2.4217.

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AbstrakPada proses produksi, pengaturan parameter poses memegang peranan penting terhadap tercapainya mutu produk yang dihasilkan. Pada proses pengelasan, salah satu parameter proses pengelasan yang harus diperhatikan adalah besar arus pengelasan. Kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui besar kuat arus yang sesuai pada proses pengelasan material ST 37 menggunakan proses pengelasan MIG (Metal Inert Gas). Pengujian dilakukan dengan memvariasikan besar kuat arus pengelasan yaitu pada 90A, 100A, 110A serta 120A. Pengujian tarik dilakukan terhadap hasil pengelasan tersebut. Hasil pengujian tarik menunjukkan, pengelasan menggunakan kuat arus sebesar 110A memberikan nilai yang maksimum pada beberapa besaran pengujian. Untuk nilai tegangan tarik, σ memiliki nilai 16.9 kg/mm2, modulus elastisitas, E, 3.14 kg/mm2 serta Regangan ε, 5.42%. Kata kunci: pengelasan, Metal Inert Gas, Tegangan Tarik, modulus elastisitas AbstractThe appropriate production parameter process plays an important role in fulfill the quality of the products such as mechanical properties like tensile strength and percentage of elongation of MIG welded joints. Likewise, in the welding process, one of the welding process parameters that is welding current must be considered, since the welding current is most influential parameters affecting weld penetration, deposition rate, weld bead geometry and quality of weld metal. Variation of welding current on MIG (Metal Inert Gas) welding process on ST 37 specimen was to examine the effects on like tensile strength and percentage of elongation and elasticity modulus. From the experiment, it is found that when welding current increased up to 110 Ampere the tensile strength tends to incline then slightly decline when welding current increased, modulus elasticity value and percentage of elongation value as well. The maximum value of tensile strength 16.9 kg/mm2 percentage of elongation value 5.42%. and modulus of elasticity 3.14 kg/mm2 were gained at 110 ampere welding current Keywords: welding process, Metal Inert Gas, Tensile strength, elasticity modulus ,percentage of elongation

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Sallehuddin, Nurul Jannah, i Hanafi Ismail. "Treatment’s effect on mechanical properties of kenaf bast/natural rubber latex foam". BioResources 15, nr 4 (28.10.2020): 9507–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.4.9507-9522.

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Non-treated and silane-treated kenaf bast/natural rubber latex foam (NRLF) were prepared using the Dunlop method at different filler loading (0, 3, 5, and 7 pphr). The properties were investigated in terms of mechanical properties, tensile, compression, hardness, and swelling behavior. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize kenaf bast/NRLF. With the modulus at 100% elongation (M100), the compression strength and hardness showed increments in value with increments of kenaf loading. However, different results showed in tensile strength, elongation at break, swelling percentage, and recovery percentage, which decreased at higher filler loading. Silane-treated kenaf bast/NRLF showed higher value in all properties except for elongation at break, swelling, and recovery percentage. The improvement of properties was supported by SEM surface morphological studies that showed better adhesion between the rubber matrix and kenaf filler.

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Moktadir, SMG, MU Talukder, AKO Huq, MA Gafur i AMS Chowdhury. "Coir Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites: Eco-friendly Byproducts". Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 10, nr 1 (28.11.2017): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v10i1.34695.

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Coir fiber (CF) reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites were fabricated using an extruder machine. The fiber contents were varied 5 to 20% and physico-mechanical properties as well as bio-degradability were also tested. Ultimate tensile strength and flexural strength decreases with the increases of percentages of fiber addition. Lowest percentage elongation is observed at 20% CF+PP composite which are rigid in nature. Leeb rebound hardness also decreases with the increase of percentage of raw fiber addition. The bio-degradation of different percentage of CF and PP composites in soil and saline water increased with increase of coir fiber content. Thus, it showed that higher percentage of coir fiber was produced more biodegradable and eco-friendly byproducts. However, higher percentages of coir fiber decrease the mechanical properties. A moderate percentage of coir fiber i.e. 15% CF +PP showed the good mechanical properties as well as considerable amount of bio-degradability in soil and saline water.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(1): 61-64 2017

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Bhatia, Anmol, i Reeta Wattal. "Process Parameters Optimization for Maximizing Tensile Strength in Friction Stir-Welded Carbon Steel". Strojniški vestnik – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 67, nr 6 (15.06.2021): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5545/sv-jme.2021.7203.

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The present study focuses on improving the ultimate tensile strength of friction stir welded carbon steel (AISI 1018). The effect of the process parameters (welding speed, tool RPM, and shoulder diameter) on the response parameters (ultimate tensile strength, percentage elongation and percentage reduction in area) were studied. Response surface methodology was used to develop the mathematical model for response parameters, and the adequacy of the model was checked using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The welding speed and tool RPM were found to affect the ultimate tensile strength significantly. The percentage elongation was affected only by welding speed. The percentage reduction in the area was affected by welding speed and shoulder diameter. The microstructure and microhardness of the weld have been studied and reported in the study.

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Jiang, Zhi Qiang, Xi Lan Feng i Xian Zhang Feng. "A Study on the Effects of Heat Treatment to the High-Carbon HSS Roll". Advanced Materials Research 129-131 (sierpień 2010): 500–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.129-131.500.

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High-carbon high-speed steels (HSS) are extremely abrasion resistant materials due to their high hardness MC type carbide and high hardness martensitic matrix. Different microstructures and mechanical behaviours were obtained after the quenching and tempering temperatures of HSS roll were changed. With air cooling and sodium silicate quenching, when the austenitizing temperature reaches 1273K, the metal matrix all transforms into the martensite, Afterwards, the eutectic carbides dissolve ceaselessly into the metal matrix and its continuous network distribution changes into broken network. The peak hardness temperature of high-carbon HSS is around 1323K, and the second hardening temperature is around 793K. No significant change in tensile strength and elongation percentage was observed unless the tempering temperature is beyond 753K. The tensile strength is increased obviously and the elongation percentage is decreased slightly beyond 753K. However, the tensile strength is decreased and the elongation percentage is increased when the temp exceeds 813K. The high-carbon HSS roll presents excellent abrasion resistance at 793K-813K.

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Jovanović, Tea, Željko Penava i Zlatko Vrljičak. "Impact of the Elastane Percentage on the Elastic Properties of Knitted Fabrics under Cyclic Loading". Materials 15, nr 19 (20.09.2022): 6512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15196512.

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Elastic knitted fabrics find numerous applications in the industry for compression stockings, sports and leisure wear, swimwear, ballet wear, etc. During its use, knitwear is subjected to dynamic loading due to body movements. The loading and unloading of the knitted fabric affect the size of the elastic region in which unrecovered deformation completely disappears. This paper deals with the influence of the elastane percentage in the knitted fabric on the elastic properties of the knitted fabric under dynamic loading. For this experiment, three types of yarn were used in different combinations: polyamide (PA), wrapped elastane yarn and bare elastane. The mentioned yarns were used to knit three different groups of plated weft-knitted fabrics (two yarns in a knitted fabric row): without elastane, knitted fabric with a percentage of wrapped elastane, and knitted fabric with a percentage of bare elastane. The percentage of elastane ranged between 0% and 43%. First, standard uniaxial tensile tests were performed on knitted fabric samples until breakage under static load. The force–elongation diagrams obtained are used to determine the elastic limit up to which Hook’s law applies. All knitted fabrics were cyclically tested to the elastic limit. From the obtained loading and unloading curves, unrecovered deformation (unrecovered elongation), elastic elongation and hysteresis index were determined and calculated. The results showed that the percentage of elastane significantly affects the size of the elastic region of the knitted fabric and has no effect on the hysteresis index. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the elastane percentage for different knitted fabric designs to achieve the best dynamic recovery of the knitted fabric and to design a more stretchable knitted garment that fits the body as well as possible.

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Kanz, Brian N., Randal P. Morris, Taylor Lewis i Vinod K. Panchbhavi. "Biomechanical Evaluation of a Knotless Barbed Suture Repair in a Human Achilles Tendon Rupture Model". Foot & Ankle Specialist 7, nr 3 (30.03.2014): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1938640014528041.

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Background. Knotless barbed sutures are seeing more common use in wound closures and small tendon repairs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the strength and resistance to gap formation of these sutures in larger tendons, such as the Achilles, compared with conventional repair. Methods. Six matched pairs of fresh-frozen human cadaver Achilles tendons were transected to simulate a rupture. Six tendons were repaired using a double Bunnell over-the-top technique with Fiberwire, and the matched pairs were repaired using a double Bunnell knotless technique with barbed suture. The tendons were tested to failure and stiffness, peak failure load, percentage elongation, load at initial gap and load at 5-mm gap (clinical failure) were compared. Results. The mean peak failure load for the Fiberwire group (459 N) was significantly higher ( P = .029) compared with the barbed suture group (184 N). Percentage elongation at peak load was significantly lower in the barbed suture group ( P = .014), as was percentage elongation at initial gapping ( P = .007) and percent elongation at 5 mm of gapping ( P = .004). Conclusion. While the knotless barbed suture is attractive for its design and resistance to gap formation, low failure loads compared with conventional suture are concerning for large tendon repairs. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Bench testing

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Wang, Jian Ming, i Hong Bo Zhang. "The Influence of Dyeing & Finishing Process on Mechanical Properties of PU Filaments". Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (wrzesień 2011): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.196.

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Abstract. Several convert processes, e.g. Scouring, Bleaching, Heat setting, High temperature & high pressure dyeing (HTHPD), which might damage the breaking strength of PU filaments were examined in this research. The influence of temperature, time and elongation percentage in heat setting was discussed in particular. The experimental results show that the dominant processes which damage the PU filaments are heat setting and HTHPD. The breaking strength retention of PU filaments range between 51.74%-84.03%, 67.64%-74.67%, respectively after heat setting & HTHPD. The higher the elongation percentage, the lower the heat setting efficiency.

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Tao, Han, Tao Chen, Qin Hua Ren i Zhen Tao Zhu. "Experimental Study on a Kind of Long Anchor Bolt". Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (marzec 2012): 2435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.2435.

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To solve the limited use of anchor bolt in some special conditions. A kind of long anchor bolt is come up to replace the normal anchor bolt. Through the experiment on this long anchor bolt with anchor bolt drawing dynamometer and anchor cable drawing dynamometer, we know this long anchor bolt have the same percentage elongation with the normal anchor bolt and can improve the quality of supporting. Compared with the normal anchor bolt, it’s higher in tensile strength and percentage elongation, better quality in supporting, shorter in supporting time and safer.

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Chandran, Rathinasuriyan, Udhayaraj S. i Eazhil K. M. "Effect of the Heat-Treatment Process on the Mechanical and Microstructure Properties of EN8 Steel". International Journal of Surface Engineering and Interdisciplinary Materials Science 10, nr 1 (1.01.2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijseims.313628.

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EN-9 is one of the steel grades, and it is widely used in power plants, automobiles, and the aerospace sector. The availability and ductility of EN9 steel have been limited. Heat-treatment procedures are used to increase the hardness, wear resistance, and percentage of elongation. The main intention of this study is to discover the effect of heat treatment on EN8 steel. In this work, the various kinds of heat-treatment methods like annealing, normalizing, hardening, and tempering were carried out on EN-8 steel. Mechanical properties like hardness, tensile strength, and percentage of elongation are evaluated. The microstructure is examined and compared, before and after the heat treatment process. Hardening and tempering results indicated that EN8 steel has better hardness, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation when compared to EN9 steel.

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Babu, S. Ramesh, Vijul Shah i M. P. Shyam. "Determination of Material Parameters during Superplastic Forming of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy at Elevated Temperatures in Uniaxial Tensile Test". Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (sierpień 2015): 437–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.437.

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Superplasticity is the ability of the material to produce neck free elongations within a material before fracture. For the past three decades superplastic forming has gained a major development in many industries to produce complex shapes. To perform the superplastic forming at elevated temperatures, the material parameters such as strain rate and strain rate sensitivity index has to be determined. These parameters affect the formability in such a way that higher the strain rate during deformation, lesser will be the percentage elongation and which in turn increases the flow stress of the material there by limiting the formability. Similarly, the strain rate sensitivity index is a measure of resistance to neck formation during deformation. Lesser the strain rate sensitivity value, more will be the neck formation thereby limiting the formability. Hence in this work, an experimental setup is designed to perform the uniaxial tensile testing at elevated temperatures to determine the flow stress, percentage elongation, strain rate and strain rate sensitivity. The determination of these parameters will be helpful in executing the forming at certain temperature and pressure to attain maximum formability. Also the SEM photographs of the fractured specimen were analysed to determine at what temperature and strain rate, the cavitation density increases.

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Sui, Yan Wei, Ai Hui Liu, Bang Sheng Li, Jing Jie Guo i Wei Biao Ju. "Relationship between Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy in Centrifugal Casting". Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (lipiec 2011): 496–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.496.

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Ti-6Al-4V alloy castings are made by means of induction melting technology. The relationships between grain size and tensile strength, yield strength, elongation percentage, investigated for Ti-6Al-4V alloy castings. The results show that the relationships between grain size, and tensile strength, yield strength, specific elongation, meet the Hall-Petch equation.

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ESPANANY, Arezoo, Seyfollah FALLAH i Ali TADAYYON. "The Effect of Halopriming and Salicylic Acid on the Germination of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) under Different Cadmium Concentrations". Notulae Scientia Biologicae 7, nr 3 (21.09.2015): 322–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb739563.

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The hereby study was based on a factorial experiment conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications, at Agriculture College, Shahrekord University, Iran, in 2014. The role of salicylic acid (SA), potassium nitrate (KNO3) and potassium chloride (KCl) was evaluated on seed germination of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) under different cadmium concentrations. Treatments included four levels of seed priming (no priming, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate, salicylic acid) and four levels of cadmium concentration (0, 10, 20, 30 mg/L). Cadmium chloride caused a significant inhibition in germination percentage, root elongation, shoot elongation and seedling dry weight. The shoot length was more sensitive to cadmium concentrations than the root length. Primed seeds with SA (100 mg/L) proved protection against Cd stress and increased the germination percentage, root elongation, shoot elongation and dry weight of seedlings compared to the control treatment. Seeds treated with SA alleviated the Cd negative effect on germination parameters. In conclusion, using seed priming with salicylic acid can be recommended as a good technique for fenugreek crop on fields exposed to high cadmium toxicity.

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Hanon, Muammel M., Róbert Marczis i László Zsidai. "Anisotropy Evaluation of Different Raster Directions, Spatial Orientations, and Fill Percentage of 3D Printed PETG Tensile Test Specimens". Key Engineering Materials 821 (wrzesień 2019): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.821.167.

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In this paper, the mechanical properties of Polyethylene terephthalate-glycol (PETG) tensile test specimens have been investigated. The test pieces were prepared using fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing technology. Three print settings were examined which are: raster direction angles, print orientations, and infill percentage and patterns in order to evaluate the anisotropy of objects when employing FDM print method. The variations in stress-strain curves, tensile strength values and elongation at break among the tested samples were studied and compared. Illustration for the broken specimens after the tensile test was accomplished to know how the test pieces printed with various parameters were fractured. A comparison with some previous results regarding the elongation at break has been carried out.

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Luo, Qiang, i Qing Li Ren. "Application of Improved Back-Propagation Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm to the Preparation Processing of the Mg,Al-Hydrotalcite/Polymer Nanocomposite". Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (luty 2008): 1680–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.1680.

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The three-layer structure back-propagation network model based on the non-linear relationship between the break percentage elongation of the Mg,Al-hydrotalcite/PE nanocomposites and the technological factors was established. And in order to accelerate the converging rate and avoid the local minimum, dimensionality reduction and pre-whitening methods were used. Moreover, the optimum technological process parameters were optimized with genetic algorithm. And the results show that using both the back propagation neural networks and genetic algorithm is very efficient for the prediction of the break percentage elongation of the Mg,Al-hydrotalcite/PE nanocomposite.

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Santoso, Budi, Debby Amilita, Gatot Priyanto, Hermanto Hermanto i Sugito Sugito. "Pengembangan Edible Film Komposit Berbasis Pati Jagung dengan Penambahan Minyak Sawit dan Tween 20". Agritech 38, nr 2 (30.07.2018): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agritech.30275.

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The aim of this research was to determine the characteristics of composite edible film based on corn starch with the addition of palm oil and Tween 20. This study used a Factorial Randomized Completely Design with two treatments and three replications for each treatment. The first factor was the concentration of palm oil (1%; 2%; 3%) v/v (1; 2: and 3 %v/v), the second factor was the concentration of Tween 20 (0.5%; 1.0%; 1.5%)v/v. The observed parameters includes water vapour transmission rate, water content, thickness, compressive strength, elongation percentage, dan solubility. The results showed that palm oil addition had significant effect on thickness, elongation percentage, water vapour transmission rate, water content, the addition of Tween 20 had significant effect on the elongation percentage and compressive strength. The interaction between palm oil and the Tween 20 addition had significant effect on thickness, elongation percentage, and solubility. The optimum treatment based on physical and chemical charateristics of composite edible film was palm oil concentration of 1% and Tween 20 of 1% with thickness 0.23mm, elongation percentage 21.67%, solubility 89.9%, water vapour transmission rate 16.80%, water content 19.28%, and compressive strength 5.53gf. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik edible film komposit berbasis pati jagung yang dinkorporasikan dengan minyak sawit dan Tween 20. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap faktorial (RALF) dengan dua faktor perlakuan yang setiap perlakuannya diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi minyak sawit (1%; 2%; 3%) v/v dan faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi Tween 20 (0,5%; 1,0%; 1,5%) v/v. Parameter penelitian meliputi: laju transmisi uap air, kadar air, ketebalan, kuat tekan, persen pemanjangan, dan kelarutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan konsentrasi minyak sawit berpengaruh nyata terhadap ketebalan, persen pemanjangan, laju transmisi uap air, kadar air dan Tween 20 berpengaruh nyata terhadap persen pemanjangan dan kuat tekan. Interaksi kedua perlakuan penelitian ini berpengaruh nyata terhadap ketebalan, persen pemanjangan, dan kelarutan edible film komposit yang dihasilkan. Perlakuan terbaik berdasarkan sifat fisik dan kimia adalah edible film komposit adalah konsentrasi minyak sawit 1% (v/v) dan Tween 20 1%(v/v) dengan ketebalan 0,23mm, persen pemanjangan 21,67%, kelarutan 89,9%, laju transmisi uap air 16,80 %, kadar 19,28%, dan kuat tekan 5,53 gf.

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Kouko, Jarmo, i Elias Retulainen. "The relationship between shrinkage and elongation of bleached softwood kraft pulp sheets". Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 33, nr 3 (25.09.2018): 522–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2018-3057.

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AbstractThe relationship between shrinkage and elongation of hand sheets was examined. The results show that the same dimensional contraction brought about by shrinkage can be strained out in tensile testing. However, percentage-wise the elongation is greater than the shrinkage due to different reference points, and the difference increases strongly at higher shrinkage levels. Elongation of paper can be explained mainly by two factors: the shrinkage and the net elongation of paper. Here shrinkage refers to all kinds of in-plane contraction of the fiber network (drying shrinkage, in-plane-compaction and creping). The novel concept ‘net elongation’ was proposed in order to separate the effect of shrinkage from the total elongation of paper. Net elongation is the elongation of corresponding unshrunken paper dried under restraint. Sheets with high elongation were prepared from bleached softwood kraft pulp and the effects of shrinkage on elongation, strength and stiffness of the paper were investigated. Mechanical treatment methods of pulp fibers and chemical strength additives were applied in order to maximize the strength and elongation. In-plane compaction and creping were used to further boost shrinkage of the high basis weight (100 g/m2) sheets up to 160 percent. Experimental elongation data confirmed the proposed theoretical relationships.

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Satyanarayana, Kosaraju, Peddi Manoj Kumar, Jangam Shanthi Kumar, Pampari Kalyan, Kumkuma Raj Kiran, Murahari Kolli, M. Abdulfadhil Gatea i Amar Jeet Rawat. "Evaluation of Tensile Properties Using Uni-Axial Testing and Correlation with Microstructure of AA2014 alloy". E3S Web of Conferences 391 (2023): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339101009.

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AA2014 is most widely used metal among the aluminium alloy series due to its exceptional corrosion resistance, low density rate, and it can maintain high strength and toughness at various temperatures. So, these materials have their application in the aerospace, military and the automotive sector. The present work focuses on evaluating the mechanical properties such as ultimate Tensile strength (UTS), Yield strength (YS), and percentage of elongation using Uniaxial Tensile test. The three controllable factors used in the present study are temperature ranging from 200 to 300°C with 50°C increment, orientation 0,45,90 degree relative to the rolling direction and strain rate 0.001,0.01 and 0.1mm/sec. A total of 27 experiments were planned and conducted based on the design of experiments. Experimental results show that with increase in strain rate increasing of material properties furthermore with increase in temperature decrease of material properties and increase in the percentage of elongation was observed. In addition to that ANOVA analysis was carried out and noticed that strain rate is most effecting parameter for UTS and temperature is most effecting parameter for YS and percentage elongation. The fracture specimens from uniaxial test are investigated for type of fracture through microstructural studies

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Chadijah, Sitti, Harianti Harianti, Amalyah Febryanti, Alfiah Alif, Maulidiyah Maulidiyah i Akrajas Ali Umar. "Synthesis of Bioplastics on Rice Straw Cellulose Using Orange Peel Extract, Chitosan, and Sorbitol". Walisongo Journal of Chemistry 5, nr 2 (25.12.2022): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/wjc.v5i2.10090.

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With the use of several plasticizers (orange peel extract, chitosan, and sorbitol), rice straw cellulose has been used to synthesize and characterize bioplastics. This study aims to synthesize and characterize bioplastics from rice straw cellulose with various additions of plasticizers, namely orange-peel extract, chitosan, and sorbitol, each with a certain concentration so that quality improvement can occur. The methods used in this study include testing the tensile strength value, testing the percentage elongation, and testing the percentage of biodegradation. In addition, functional group characterization tests were also carried out using FTIR. The results obtained in this study were the best values for tensile strength and percentage elongation in treatment A, namely 10.2611 MPa and 13.88%. The percentage of biodegradation for 7 days reached 50.58%. Functional group absorptions were found in various plasticizers, namely C-H, O-H, C-O, C-N, and C=C. Based on existing data, bioplastics synthesized using rice straw cellulose in various plasticizers meet JIS (Japan Industrial Standards).

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Zhou, Suan, Hong Fu Qiang, Xue Ren Wang i Guang Wang. "Effect of Physical Properties on Buckling of Spherical-Cone Diaphragm for Positive Expulsion Tank Based on Orthogonal Test by Finite Element Method". Advanced Materials Research 452-453 (styczeń 2012): 1403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.452-453.1403.

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Effect of elastic modulus, yield stress and elongation percentage on buckling of spherical-cone diaphragm for positive expulsion tank has been analyzed by FEM based on orthogonal test, which highly decrease test numbers on the premise of validity of results. Numerical results are listed as follows: elastic modulus takes marked effect on buckling of diaphragm while yield stress and elongation percentage hardly affect buckling value of structure. As a result, larger elastic modulus will make for structural stability; different buckling values and modalities of structure are very close, which means that structural behavior is very sensitive to imperfections; local buckling of structure presents in column section, which avails to diaphragm inverting.

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Li, Shuiping, Yanbo Li, Huajun Zhu, Qing Lin, Haijun Hou, Tingting Lv, Qisheng Wu i Chong Cui. "Evaluation of glass-fiber grafted by epoxide-terminated hyperbranched polymer on the effect of mechanical characterization of epoxy composites". Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 25, nr 2 (28.03.2018): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2016-0041.

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AbstractIn this study, glass-fiber, grafted by epoxide-terminated hyperbranched polymer (GF-HBPE), was incorporated into epoxy resins for reinforcement purpose. The effects of GF-HBPE content on mechanical properties of the resulting epoxy-based composites, such as tensile strength, percentage elongation at break, flexural strength, and impact strength, were investigated. The experimental results revealed that GF-HBPE substantially outperformed impact resistance in both tensile and flexural tests. For instance, the tensile strength, percentage elongation at break, flexural strength, and impact strength of the epoxy composite with 1 wt% GF-HBPE increase by about 23.6%, 125%, 26%, and 74.5%, respectively, compared to the unmodified epoxy thermoset.

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Morvan, O., A. Jauneau, C. Morvan, H. Voreux i M. Demarty. "Biosynthèse des pectines et différenciation des fibres cellulosiques au cours de la croissance du lin". Canadian Journal of Botany 67, nr 1 (1.01.1989): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-020.

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During the first stage of flax growth, stem elongation reaches 2.4 cm per day and the percentage of cell wall remains quite constant (4–15%). Cellulosic fibres develop principally during capsule formation and seed maturation. During the latter stage, the proportion of walls increases from 15 to 60% and the elongation is diminished to 0.5 cm per day. The lowering of the cation exchange capacity and of the pectin content of the cell walls during growth results principally from increased cellulose deposition in the fibre cells. The changes in the cation exchange capacity and in the percentage of cell wall show that when cellulose biosynthesis predominates, there is a continuous synthesis of pectins (10–15%) during the development of the plant. Methylated pectins are synthesized during the elongation phase. During maturation, the relative amounts of highly and less methylated pectins remain the same and thus it is not possible to determine what type of pectin is preferentially synthesized.

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Li, Yan Hua, i Ji Tao Du. "Research of Geometric Parameters Related to TRB Uniaxial Tension". Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (marzec 2010): 268–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.268.

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A discrete method was used to separate the thickness transition zone (TTZ) with continuous change of thickness. Uniaxial tension models, with different lengths of TTZ and different thickness ratios, were simulated to obtain the effect of geometric parameters on TRB uniaxial tension. The results showed that both length of TTZ and ratio of thickness had effect on elongation percentage. The elongation percentage increased significantly on the condition that the length of TTZ was 80mm, which was closed to total length of specimen (120mm); Thickness ratio had more effect on movement during uniaxial tension. The results could provide important technical reference for formulation of TRB uniaxial Tension Test standard and promote the light-weight application of TRB on the automobiles.

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Salih, Anmar, i Tarun Goswami. "Residual properties of silicone (MED-4719) lead with leads from retrieved devices". Materials Engineering Research 4, nr 1 (2022): 236–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25082/mer.2022.01.005.

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Leads are designed for in vivo applications, however, for a definite period of time. In-vivo environment affects the mechanical behavior of implantable devices, therefore, there is a need to evaluate the residual properties of implantable leads used with pacemakers, defibrillator and neuro-stimulators. Silicone (MED-4719) lead is widely used in cardiac implantable electronic devices made by different manufacturers. . We collected 150 devices (with or without leads) from Anatomical Gift Program of the Wright State University. The objective of this study was to investigate the residual properties of Silicone (MED-4719) lead with different in vivo exposure time and compare the properties of a new, unused lead supplied by Medtronic for the purposes of this research. The tensile test was performed by applying specific load on the samples, percentage elongation at 5N and the corresponding displacement measured. Load to failure, percentage elongation, ultimate tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity were determined for each lead. Methods to collect and compile data were standardized, and statistical models were used to assess the sensitivity of measured parameters with in vivo performance. Load to failure, elongation to failure, ultimate tensile strength, and percentage elongation at 5N showed a significant decrease after 94 months (P = 0.0063), 8 months (P = 0.0136), 94 months (P = 0.0244) and 71 months (P-value = 0.0326) after implantation, respectively. On the other hand, modulus of elasticity was found proportional to the number of months device was exposed and showed significant increase after 71 months (P = 0.0446) of in-vivo environment.

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PAVEL OANA, IOAN, OANA DORINA i TRIPA SIMONA. "Influencing factors analysis of tensile properties of wool yarns with different proportions of polyamide blend". Industria Textila 69, nr 04 (1.09.2018): 277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.069.04.1437.

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This paper presents a comparative analysis of three batches of wool yarns with different fineness, twists and compositions and the way in which these characteristics influence the tensile properties of the yarns. We performed the tensile strength tests and the values for the following tensile characteristics were determined: breaking force, elongation at break, tenacity and the mechanical breaking work and were made the diagrams. Stroke for strength and elongation at break – the diagrams give us an idea on the distribution of weak sections along the yarn tested. In order to make this analysis we used the machine USTER® TENSOJET 4. The main conclusions drawn from this analysis are following: the breaking force of the yarns is mainly determined by the value of length density and only after that by the percentage of polyamide and the twisting value, elongation at break is primarily influenced by the percentage of polyamide from the yarns composition and only then by the yarns twisting degree, the toughest yarns are the ones with the smallest fineness, the mechanical work created when stretching the yarns depends mainly by the percentage of polyamide from the yarns composition, by the yarns fineness and only then by their twisting.

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Liang, Ze Qin, Da Tong Zhang, Cheng Qiu, Wen Zhang i Yuan Yuan Li. "Quench Sensitivity and its Effect on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Aluminum Alloy". Advanced Materials Research 89-91 (styczeń 2010): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.89-91.347.

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The high mechanical properties in 7xxx aluminum alloy are obtained by controlling the precipitation hardening microstructure. In this work, the relationship between the microstructures and mechanical properties of 7A04 (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu) aluminum alloy during isothermal aging at 140 oC after different quenching rates has been studied in order to find its useful hardening conditions. The as-extruded samples were solution heat treated at 480 oC and cooled in air, 70 oC water, 40 oC water and 0 oC ice water. Tensile test were performed and the ultimate tensile strength and percentage of elongation were obtained. The difference in the amount of precipitates is known by DSC and the morphology of the precipitates is characterized by TEM. The results indicate that the artificial age hardening response is strongly dependent on the quenching rate. Lower quenching rate results in lower tensile strength but higher percentage of elongation in the peak age condition, and this corresponds to the difference in the size and number density of the precipitates. It is concluded that the highest ultimate tensile strength is obtained in the fastest quenching rate in 0 oC ice water (up to 870Ks-1) while stable and high percentage of elongation is achieved in the intermediate quenching rate (about 226 Ks-1).

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Suleiman, Idawu Yakubu, Auwal Kasim, Abdullahi Tanko Mohammed i Munir Zubairu Sirajo. "Evaluation of Mechanical, Microstructures and Wear Behaviours of Aluminium Alloy Reinforced with Mussel Shell Powder for Automobile Applications". Strojniški vestnik – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 67, nr 1-2 (24.02.2021): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5545/sv-jme.2020.6953.

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This paper aims to investigate the mechanical (tensile, hardness, impact, elongation), microstructure and wear behaviours of aluminium alloy reinforced with mussel shell powder (MSP) at different weight percentages (0 wt. % to 15 wt. %) at 3 wt. % interval. The mussel shell powder was characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The matrix and the composites’ morphology were studied using a scanning electron microscope attached with energy dispersive spectroscopy for the distribution of mussel shell powder particles within the matrix. The wear behaviour of the alloy and composites produced at various reinforcements were carried out using a Taber abrasion wear-testing machine. The XRF showed the compositions of MSP to contain calcium oxide (95.70 %), silica (0.83 %) and others. Mechanical properties showed that tensile values increase with increases in MSP, hardness value increases from 6 wt. % to 15 wt. % of MSP. The impact energy decreased from 42.6 J at 3 wt. % to 22.6 J at 15 wt. %; the percentage elongation also decreased from 37.4 % at 3 wt. % to 20.5 % at 15 wt. % MSP, respectively. The bending stress results increase with increases in the percentage of reinforcement. The morphologies revealed that uniform distribution of MSP within the matrix resulted to improvement in mechanical properties. The wear resistance of the composites increases with increase in the applied load and decreases with increases in the weight percentage of MSP and can be used in the production of brake pads and insulators in the automobile industry.

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Kumar, Sanjay, Sudhir Kumar i Ajay Kumar. "Microstructure and Percentage Elongation Analysis for Friction Stir Welding of Joining A6061 and A6082 Alloys". Indian Welding Journal 46, nr 3 (1.07.2013): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22486/iwj.v46i3.177966.

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Fatalla, AbdalbseetA, i MaysH Hasan. "Assessment of Elongation Percentage, Tensile, and Tear Strength of Filler Particles: An In Vitro Study". Dental Hypotheses 14, nr 1 (2023): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/denthyp.denthyp_145_22.

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Dong, Baoqi, Tingping Hou, Wen Zhou, Guohong Zhang i Kaiming Wu. "The Role of Retained Austenite and Its Carbon Concentration on Elongation of Low Temperature Bainitic Steels at Different Austenitising Temperature". Metals 8, nr 11 (11.11.2018): 931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8110931.

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The influence of austenitising temperature on the tensile properties of low temperature bainitic steel was investigated. With the increasing austenitising temperature, a significant change of elongation was found between 850 and 950 °C, which was changed from 1.0 ± 0.5 to 10.7 ± 2.0%; while there was a slight increase between 950 to 1050 °C (11.2 ± 1.5%). By characterising the retained austenite at necking and matrix, we found that the elongation is obviously correlated with the retained austenite content, and also determined by the volume change of retained austenite during the tensile test. The transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) effect, which contributes to the improve elongation, almost did not occur at 850 °C due to the relatively low volume percentage of retained austenite and its high carbon concentration, which resulted in a very low martensite transformation temperature. With the austenitising, the temperature was increased up to 950 and 1050 °C, and a large volume percentage of retained austenite was observed in the matrix. Meanwhile, a considerable amount of retained austenite has occurred by the TRIP effect because of a moderate carbon content.

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APICHAI, Pattama. "Influence of six-step heat treatment on microstructures and mechanical properties of 5160 alloy steel". Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals 32, nr 1 (29.03.2022): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v32i1.1141.

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AISI 5160 alloy steel grade with complete martensite structure to get the high-strength steel sheets quenched at 900 (Q1), 870 (Q2), 840 (Q3) and 810°C (Q4), respectively and temped at 780°C (Q5) and 680°C (Q6), respectively. The results show ferrite and pearlite microstructural appeared in as-sheet conditions. The strengthening rarely increased with increasing heat treatment steps, while the percentage elongation gradually decreased. The hardness change was secure with that of strengthening for the quenched martensite. In contrast, differences between the initial martensite hardness were no noticeable changes. The Q4 hardening involved the peak hardness and maximum ultimate tensile strength due to carbide distribution in the martensite matrix. The coarse ferrite grains have occurred after Q5 cause significantly reduced hardness and tensile strength. However, the percentage elongation increased with increasing quenching step to Q5 hardening. The excellent 5160 steel performed by Q6 hardening characteristic gained most hardness, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation approximately 60 HRC, 835 MPa, and 12.09%, respectively. Martensite structure transformed to among carbide distribution tempered martensite matrix.

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Pichumani, Sivachidambaram, i Krishnamoorthy Balachandar. "Prediction of Weld Strength of PC-TIG Welded Al-8% SiC Metal Matrix Composite – An Empirical Model (EM) Approach". Applied Mechanics and Materials 813-814 (listopad 2015): 467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.813-814.467.

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This work is focused on the development of empirical model to predict the mechanical properties of welded Al-SiC metal matrix composites. Autogenous pulsed current-Tungsten inert gas (PC-TIG) welding was performed on 5mm thick Al-8%SiC composite plates. Regression equations were developed to predict the tensile strength, yield strength, percentage of elongation and bend strength of pulsed current TIG weld Al-SiC composite by varying weld parameters such as peak current, base current, pulse on time and pulse frequency. The effect of each pulsed current TIG welding parameters and interaction between two more parameters on the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, percentage of elongation and bend strength were studied for clear understanding of PCTIG welding parameters. Improved mechanical properties viz. 136 MPa tensile strength, 117 MPa yield strength with 15% elongation were achieved using optimal PCTIG welding parameters. The predicted values were experimentally verified for consistency and validation. This study also resulted in understanding the significant factors which were responsible for improved weld strength of the chosen candidate material.

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Chandhasa, Rosjana, Jong Boonpracha, Somsakul Jerasilp i Palang Wongtanasuporn. "The Guidelines of Product Design from the Vetivers Grass Fiber Innovation (Case Study of the Handicraft Product Group, Phayao Province)". Asian Social Science 13, nr 12 (28.11.2017): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v13n12p77.

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This research aims to study the process and the physical property of the vitiate grass fiber by spinning vetiver grass with other natural fibers such as cotton, SamiaRicini, silk and plastic fiber such as plastic rope, wire rope and straw rope. The exploration was conducted by Ban KoSoa women group cooperative settlement, Ban Kae Mai handicraft product group and Ban Don Chai handicraft product group in Pusang District, Phayao Province. The physical properties examination, namely: ASTMD 1059:2001 Standard Test Method for Fiber Size, ASTM D 2256: 2002 Standard Test Method for Fiber Toughness with Hardness and Flexibility fiber Equipment, the results of examination would be brought to determinate for the handicraft product development design. The results from this exploration revealed that the fiber size was 0.73-0.15Ne, the tenacity (toughness) as maximum tensile strength was 4.75-9.97 kgf and the elongation at break was 7.73-11.48 percentages. The vetiver grass fiber mixed with straw rope had the tenacity as maximum tensile strength with differently at the statistically significant level of .05, the tenacity as maximum tensile strength average at 9.9 kgf, the vetiver grass fiber mixed with cotton fiber had the tenacity as maximum tensile strength with differently at the statistically significant level of .05, the tenacity as maximum tensile strength average at 6.60 kgf. The vetiver grass fiber mixed with wire rope had the highest elongation at break with differently at the statistically significant level of .05 by with the elongation break was 11.48 percentage. The vetiver grass fiber mixed with SamiaRicini fiber had the elongation break point with differently at the statistically significant level at .05, the elongation at break was 11.6 percentage. According to the handicraft product development guideline from the physical property of the vetiver grass fiber on the basis of this finding, the strength fiber as the vetiver grass fiber mixed with straw rope fiber or cotton fiber could be used for supporting weight product requirement, the elasticity fiber as the vetiver grass fiber mixed with straw rope fiber or SamiaRicini could be used for product which soft and flexibility requirement, the utility from using fiber color that spinning for beauty could be used the vetiver grass fiber that spinning and mixed with other fiber.

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Yadav, Pradeep K., i Manoj K. Khurana. "Experimental investigation and optimization of quality characteristics during friction stir welding of Al- and Zn-based magnesium alloy using artificial intelligence". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 236, nr 2 (12.10.2021): 345–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14644207211044805.

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Friction stir welding is successfully used to weld different wrought magnesium alloys. This work investigated the mechanical and microstructural behavior of the friction stir-welded AZ31B magnesium alloy. The experiments were conducted as per experimental runs designed by response surface methodology. An artificial neural network model was developed to produce a relationship between process variables (tool rotational speed, welding speed, and tool shoulder diameter) and characteristics of the friction stir-welded joints (tensile strength, percentage elongation, impact strength, microhardness, and grain size). The acceptable range of statistical parameters validated the adequacy of the model. The multi-objective optimization technique, genetic algorithm was used to obtain a set of Pareto optimal solutions. The best-compromised optimum solution for maximum tensile strength (164.2 MPa), percentage elongation (8%) impact strength (3.5 J), microhardness (85 Hv), and minimum grain size (13.1 μm) was validated by confirmation test with <3 percent absolute error percentage. The fractographical analysis has been performed and dimples and torn edges observed in fracture zones.

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Ghanaraja, S., R. Madhu, K. S. Ravikumar i P. Likith. "Synthesis and Mechanical Property Evaluation of Hot Forged Aluminium Alloy Reinforced with Nano Alumina". Applied Mechanics and Materials 895 (listopad 2019): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.895.90.

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Metal matrix composites with aluminium matrix and non-metallic reinforcements are popular candidates in automotive, aerospace, sports and military application because of their high strength-to-weight ratio, stiffness, wear resistance, high-temperature resistance, etc. often they are subjected to secondary manufacturing processes like extrusion, rolling, forging, etc. to suit the service requirements. Metal matrix composites reinforced by nanoparticles are very promising materials, suitable for a large number of applications. In the present investigation, nanocomposites have been synthesized by addition of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1 and 1.25 wt% of nanoAl2O3 powder in to molten Al 1100-Mg alloy using stir casting method and then hot forged. The mechanical properties such as tensile strength, hardness and percentage elongations were studied for all the test specimens. The 0.75 wt% of nanoAl2O3 added forged nanocomposite exhibited higher hardness and 0.5 wt% of nanoAl2O3 added forged nanocomposite exhibited higher yield strength, tensile strength and percentage of elongation.

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Cucho, Hernán, Olger Puelles, Aydee Meza, Darwin Urquizo, Leonidas Coila i Anthony Valverde. "Morphometric characterization and classification of vicuña sperm (Vicugna vicugna) using ISAS® CASA-Morph system". SPERMOVA 11, nr 2 (31.12.2021): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18548/aspe/0009.16.

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The aim of the study was to determine the morphological and morphometric characteristics of the vicuña sperm (Vicugna vicugna), looking for possible subpopulations in its structure. Semen was collected by electroejaculation method from three adult male vicuñas weighing 50.33 ± 2.52 kg, once per animal. The volume, color and concentration, sperm morphology and morphometry were determined. The samples for the analysis of sperm morphology and morphometry were stained with Hemacolor®, and analyzed using the CASA-Morph, Integrated Semen Analysis System (ISAS®v1). Five forms of the vicuña sperm head were distinguished: normal, piriform, long, short and rounded. The morphometric parameters determined were the length, width, area, perimeter, ellipticity, elongation, regularity and rugosity of the vicuña sperm head, percentage of acrosome, head gray level, as well as the width, area, distance and angle of insertion of midpiece of the sperm. In relation to morphology, significant differences (P <0.05) were found in the percentage distribution of head shapes, with the normal shape (55.7%) being the majority and different from the other shapes. Significant differences (P <0.05) were found between animals in the morphometric variables of head, percentage of acrosome, ellipticity, rugosity, elongation and gray level; while the variables of the midpiece and regularity did not show differences (P> 0.05). The morphometric variables were distributed in four main components (PCA) called elongation, area, circularity and midpiece width, which explained 84.59% of the total variance. The cluster analysis determined five subpopulations (SP): SP1 grouped small cells of low length, width and area (18.8%); SP2 of sperm of large size, both in area and width of the head (17.38%); SP3 of rounded cells with high values of percentage of acrosome and head gray level (24.04%); SP4 of spermatozoa of intermediate size and elongated, with greater ellipticities and elongation (23.61%); and SP5 of cells of intermediate size and short, with low values of area and length (16.71%).

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Saravanan, K., i A. Giridharan. "Machine Learning for Parametrical Analysis of Friction Stir Welded Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites". Annals of Dunarea de Jos University of Galati. Fascicle XII, Welding Equipment and Technology 33 (15.12.2022): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/awet.2022.05.

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The research focuses on the behaviour and process parametric influence on friction stir welded Al metal matrix composites reinforced with varied percentages of SiC, B4C, and Mg. The experimentation involves fabrication of Al metal matrix composites followed by friction stir welding and, subsequently, evaluation of the joint properties in terms of mechanical strength, microstructural integrity, and quality. In comparison to other joints with varied base material compositions, the weld exhibits refined grains and uniform distribution of hybrid particles in the joint region, resulting in increased strength. Higher SiC composition adds to greater strength, better wear characteristics, and harness, whereas B4C percentage is linked to hardness. The maximum ultimate tensile stress for a particular sample was determined to be around 160MPa, while the maximum percentage elongation was found to be around 165 for 10% SiC and 3% B4C. As the amount of SiC declines and that of B4C rises, the percentage elongation decreases. In samples with a B4C weight percentage of 10%, the greatest hardness measured was around 103Hv. For a load of 30N, the wear rate was as high as 12gm/s with a SiC weight percentage of 10. For lower load values and a higher percentage of B4C, the wear rate often decreased. Chemical properties are barely changed. Therefore, the materials keep their original qualities after welding. During the non-destructive testing process, no large cracks, pores, or clusters of pores are found, indicating that the weld is of good quality. To achieve a satisfactory weld, optimal ranges based on analysis using machine learning of rotary tool speed, tool linear velocity, transverse speed are maintained. Linear Regression algorithm, Random Forest algorithm and Lasso Regression algorithms are being used and the results are also compared. This work covers a wide range of topics, and the results are found to have improved significantly in most cases and is in good agreement with data previously presented in the literatures.

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Salih, Sihama I., Qahtan A. Hamad, Safaa N. Abdul Jabbar i Najat H. Sabit. "Effects of Irradiation by UV- Acceleration on Mechanical Properties of Polymer Blends (Polyester: Starch)". Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences 21, nr 1 (10.02.2018): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.29194/njes21010147.

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This work covers mixing of unsaturated polyester (un- polyester) with starch powders as polymer blends and study the effects of irradiation by UV-acceleration on mechanical properties of its. The unsaturated polyester was mixing by starch powders at particle size less than (45 µm) at selected weight fraction of (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3%). These properties involve ultimate tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, elongation percentage, flexural modulus, flexural strength, fracture toughness, impact strength and hardness. The results illustrate decrease in the ultimate tensile strength at and elongation percentage, while increasing modulus of elasticity, with increasing the weight ratio of starch powder to 3 % weight fraction, whereas the maximum value of hardness and flexural, impact properties happened at 1 % weight fraction for types of polymer blends.

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Mugendiran, V., A. Gnanavelbabu i R. Ramadoss. "Tensile Behaviour of Al5052 Alloy Sheets Annealed at Different Temperatures". Advanced Materials Research 845 (grudzień 2013): 431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.845.431.

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With recent development in automotive industries, aluminium alloys have great demand in sheet metal fabrication industries. Sheet metal forming at slightly elevated temperatures is more acceptable in forming operations. The mechanical properties such as yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and percentage of elongation are very influential in determining the formability of sheet metals in various applications. In this paper, tensile property of Al5052 alloy is investigated at constant strain rate under different annealing conditions from room to 350°C. Servo controlled universal testing machine was used for tensile testing. The results of tensile testing indicate that the tensile properties including yield strength, ultimate tensile strength decreases and elongation percentage increases with the increase in annealing temperature. The analysis shows that the formability parameters, strain hardening index and strength coefficient increase with increase in annealing temperatures.

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Chen, Yu, Xiang Dong Liu i Li Hui Wang. "Research on the Microstructure and Properties for Nb-Contained Cold-Rolling High Strength Steel Sheet". Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (grudzień 2012): 488–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.488.

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The high strength high plasticity high beneficial textile cold-rolling steel with 540MPa tensile strength 27% elongation 1.67 (111) textile index is developed in industry. The experimental results show that the ferrite fine grain around 5μm supports the properties of both high strength and plasticity, while the ferrite with percentage more than 90% leads to high elongation, and the large number second precipitation phase NbC with uniform fine size around 10nm is helpful to fine ferrite grain and form strong（111）textile fiber.

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Liu, Xiao Yan, Li Qiong Zhang, Su Fen Zhao i Xin Fang Li. "Effect of Pullulan, Glycerol Blend on the Properties of Gelatin Based Edible Film". Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (wrzesień 2013): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.136.

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The effects of pullulan and glycerol on the tensile properties and optical properties of gelatin-based edible film were studied. It showed that the adding of pullulan dramatically improved the elongation at break of edible film, when the amount was 50%(percentage by weight, same followingly), the tensile strength and the luminousness reached the best. The adding of glycerol could both increase the elongation at break and optical properties of edible film, when the amount was 20%, the tensile strength reached the best.

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Senthilkumar Packirisamy i Suresh Ramachandran. "Investigation of mechanical properties of Al 6063-SiC composites". World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences 7, nr 2 (30.12.2022): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2022.7.2.0155.

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In the present investigation, Aluminium (6063) is used as a metal matrix and silicon carbide particles are used as reinforcement. The AMCs of varying SiC contents (0, 3, 6 and 9 wt. %) were prepared by stir casting process. The tensile strength, % elongation and hardness of the fabricated composites were investigated. The experimental result reveals that, the addition of SiC reinforcement in the aluminium matrix increases the tensile strength and hardness, the % elongation of composite decreases as silicon carbide percentage increases.

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Hussain, Munir, Feichao Zhu, Feichao Zhu, Bin Yu, Bin Yu, Jian Han, Jian Han, Hafeezullah Memon i Sohail Yasin. "LMPP Effects on Morphology, Crystallization, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of iPP/LMPP Blend Fibres". Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 26, nr 2(128) (30.04.2018): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.5735.

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The thermal properties and morphological characterisation of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) homopolymer and its blends with low molecular low modulus polypropylene (LMPP) were studied. Firstly blends were prepared with variant LMPP contents, and their properties were characterised using SEM, DSC, XRD, and DMA. Later the mechanical properties of iPP/LMPP blend fibres were investigated. SEM results showed that the iPP/LMPP blends produced smoother surfaces when the LMPP content was increased, as well as the miscibility. All the Tg values with different LMPP percentages were in-between pure iPP and LMPP. The XRD results indicated the LMPP percentage decreased along with the degree of crystallinity of the iPP/LMPP blends (5% to 15%), which increased and then decreased as compared to pure iPP. The elongation at break increased when the LMPP content increased, with the maximum breaking elongation of the LMPP 25% blend reaching 12.95%, which showed great stretch-ability, whereas the elastic modulus of iPP/LMPP blends decreased.

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Zedan, Yasser, Victor Songmene, Agnes M. Samuel, Fawzy H. Samuel i Herbert W. Doty. "Assessment of the Influence of Additives on the Mechanical Properties and Machinability of Al-11%Si Cast Alloys: Application of DOE and ANOVA Methods". Materials 15, nr 9 (4.05.2022): 3297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093297.

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In the present study, the statistical design of experiments (DOE) method was applied to study and control the properties of near-eutectic Al-11%Si alloys. In this study, we developed regression equations between response variables, including hardness, yield stress, ultimate tensile stress, elongation, total cutting force, cutting power, and tool life, and varying factors which included the percentage of the alloying element in the composition and the modification level. These equations may be analyzed quantitatively to acquire an understating of the effects of the main variables and their interactions on the mechanical behavior and the machinability of the alloy under investigation. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to verify the fit and adequacy of the developed mathematical models. The results show that increasing the levels of Cu and Fe results in an increase in hardness, yield stress and ultimate tensile strength in both modified and non-modified alloys. On the other hand, both Cu and Fe appear to affect the elongation adversely, whereas the Sr level shows a positive effect on the elongation percentage. We found that the Sr level had the most significant effect on the cutting forces and cutting power, followed by Fe and Cu contents.

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