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1
Lu, Lili, Gang Ren, Wei Wang, Chen Yu i Chenzi Ding. "Exploring the Effects of Different Walking Strategies on Bi-Directional Pedestrian Flow". Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/150513.
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Three types of different walking behaviors (right preference, conformity, and space priority) are taken into account to model bi-directional pedestrian flow in the channel with cellular-automata formulation. The fundamental diagrams ofR-pedestrian flow,C-pedestrian flow, andS-pedestrian flow are obtained from the simulation result to analyze the effect of these behaviors on bi-direction flow. TheC-pedestrian flow has the minimum critical density andR-pedestrian flow has the highest, while theS-pedestrian flow has higher average-speed than other two types of pedestrian flow under the same density. Further, through the study of pedestrian distribution in the channel and the proportion of pedestrians not able to move to the front cell, reasons leading to different characteristics of these three types of pedestrian flow are analyzed. Moreover, the simulation experiment based on BehaviorSearch is designed to explore the optimal percentages ofR-pedestrian,C-pedestrian, andS-pedestrian in pedestrian flow. The result of the experiment shows that the condition that makes the highest average speed of pedestrian flow is not that pedestrian flow consists of purely one type of pedestrians, but pedestrian flow mixed withS-pedestrians as majority andC-pedestrians andR-pedestrians as minority.
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Zhu, Nuo, Bin Jia i Chun Fu Shao. "Pedestrian Evacuation Based on a Dynamic Parameters Model". Applied Mechanics and Materials 97-98 (wrzesień 2011): 956–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.97-98.956.
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A dynamic parameters model is presented based on cellular automata for pedestrian evacuation in this paper. The dynamic parameters: Direction-parameter, Empty-parameter and Cognition-parameter are formulated to simplify tactically the decision-making process of pedestrians, which can reflect the pedestrian judgment on the surrounding conditions and decide the pedestrian’s choice of action. Pedestrian moving rules were established, according to two-dimensional cellular automaton. The simulation results of the model are analyzed. It is observed that there is a linear relationship between evacuation time and pedestrian density, however, there is a negative exponential relationship between evacuation time and exit width. The simulation results correspond with the actual, it is instructional significant for pedestrian evacuation.
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Zhao, Rongyong, Ping Jia, Chuanfeng Han, Yan Wang, Cuiling Li i Zhishu Zhang. "Analysis of dynamic model based on pedestrian’s abnormal posture". MATEC Web of Conferences 355 (2022): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202235503010.
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It is significant to detect abnormal postures of pedestrians in the crowd to crowd stability control. This study locates the joint points of pedestrians based on the pose estimation algorithm OpenPose. After the analysis of 18 nodes and six body parts, the sudden value of node acceleration is obtained, which is compared with the acceleration of the pedestrian’s centre of mass. When there is at least one difference in the direction or acceleration value of the two, it means that the pedestrian has abnormal behaviour. Furthermore, this study analyses the result of comparing the change of z-coordinate value in pedestrian movement with 20% of pedestrian height. These two judgment methods together constitute the dynamic criterion of pedestrian abnormal posture, and judge whether the pedestrian has abnormal behaviour. Compared with the previous dynamic analysis of pedestrian abnormal posture, the accuracy of abnormal posture judgment is improved. This provides a theoretical basis for crowd stability analysis.
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Hajari, Kamal Omprakash, Ujwalla Gawande i Yogesh Golhar. "Robust Pedestrian Detection and Path Prediction using Improved YOLOv5". ELCVIA Electronic Letters on Computer Vision and Image Analysis 21, nr 2 (13.09.2022): 40–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/elcvia.1538.
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In vision-based surveillance systems, pedestrian recognition and path prediction are critical concerns. Advanced computer vision applications, on the other hand, confront numerous challengesdue to differences in pedestrian postures and scales, backdrops, and occlusion. To tackle these challenges, we present a YOLOv5-based deep learning-based pedestrian recognition and path prediction method. The updated YOLOv5 model was first used to detect pedestrians of various sizes and proportions. The proposed path prediction method is then used to estimate the pedestrian's path based on motion data. The suggested method deals with partial occlusion circumstances to reduce object occlusion-induced progression and loss, and links recognition results with motion attributes. After then, the path prediction algorithm uses motion and directional data to estimate the pedestrian movement's direction. The proposed method outperforms the existing methods, according to the results of the experiments. Finally, we come to a conclusion and look into future study.
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Wang, Weili, Jiayu Rong, Qinqin Fan, Jingjing Zhang, Xin Han i Beihua Cong. "Data-Driven Simulation of Pedestrian Movement with Artificial Neural Network". Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (28.08.2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5580910.
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To predict pedestrian movement is of vital importance in a wide range of applications. Recently, data-driven models are receiving increasing attention in pedestrian dynamics studies, demonstrating a great potential in enhancing simulation performance. This paper presents a pedestrian movement simulation model based on the artificial neural network, in which two submodels are, respectively, used to predict velocity displacement and velocity direction angle at each time step. Destination information, the pedestrian’s historical movement information, neighboring pedestrians, and environmental obstacles within a semicircular-shaped perception area are used as inputs to learn pedestrian movement behavioral rules. In the velocity direction angle submodel, a novel division method on pedestrian’s perception area is adopted. Specifically, perception radius is divided into several bands, and perception angle range is divided into a number of sectors, establishing a weighted spatial matrix to represent varied influences of neighboring pedestrians and obstacles. Experiments on two typical scenarios, the unidirectional flow and bidirectional flow in a long straight corridor, were conducted to obtain pedestrian movement datasets. Then, a series of simulation cases were conducted to investigate the proper values for critical parameters, including perception radius, perception angle division, weights of the spatial matrix, and historical movement adoption. In comparison of pedestrian trajectory between simulation results and real data, the mean trajectory error (MTE) and mean destination error (MDE) are, respectively, 0.114 m and 0.171 m in the unidirectional flow scenario, which are, respectively, 0.204 m and 0.362 m in the bidirectional flow scenario. In addition, the fundamental diagram representing density-velocity and density-flow relationships in simulation results agree well with that in real data. The results demonstrate great capacity and credibility of the presented model in simulating pedestrian movement in real applications.
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Kim, Kwangsoo, Yangho Kim i Sooyeong Kwak. "Vision Sensor Based Fuzzy System for Intelligent Vehicles". Sensors 19, nr 4 (19.02.2019): 855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19040855.
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Those in the automotive industry and many researchers have become interested in the development of pedestrian protection systems in recent years. In particular, vision-based methods for predicting pedestrian intentions are now being actively studied to improve the performance of pedestrian protection systems. In this paper, we propose a vision-based system that can detect pedestrians using an on-dash camera in the car, and can then analyze their movements to determine the probability of collision. Information about pedestrians, including position, distance, movement direction, and magnitude are extracted using computer vision technologies and, using this information, a fuzzy rule-based system makes a judgement on the pedestrian’s risk level. To verify the function of the proposed system, we built several test datasets, collected by ourselves, in high-density regions where vehicles and pedestrians mix closely. The true positive rate of the experimental results was about 86%, which shows the validity of the proposed system.
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Felcman, Jiří, i Petr Kubera. "A cellular automaton model for a pedestrian flow problem". Mathematical Modelling of Natural Phenomena 16 (2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mmnp/2021002.
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The evacuation phenomena in the two dimensional pedestrian flow model are simulated. The intended direction of the escape of pedestrians in panic situations is governed by the Eikonal equation of the pedestrian flow model. A new two-dimensional Cellular Automaton (CA) model is proposed for the simulation of the pedestrian flow. The solution of the Eikonal equation is used to define the probability matrix whose elements express the probability of a pedestrian moving in finite set of directions. The novelty of this paper lies in the construction of the density dependent probability matrix. The relevant evacuation scenarios are numerically solved. Predictions of the evacuation behavior of pedestrians, for various room geometries with multiple exits, are demonstrated. The mathematical model is numerically justified by comparison of CA approach with the Finite Volume Method for the space discretization and Discontinuous Galerkin Method for the implicit time discretization of pedestrian flow model.
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Hu, Xiangmin, Tao Chen, Kaifeng Deng i Guanning Wang. "Effects of the direction and speed strategies on pedestrian dynamics". Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 32, nr 6 (czerwiec 2022): 063140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0091240.
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In this work, we propose a velocity-based model for pedestrian movements containing two sub-models to study how the direction and speed selection strategies affect pedestrian dynamics. Affected by others in the view, pedestrians deviate their moving direction from the desired one to resolve space and velocity conflicts, the sensitivity to which is adjusted by two proportional parameters. After determining the moving direction, they choose a reasonable speed to avoid immediate collisions. The tolerance of personal-space violations is considered given that people accept physical contacts in some contexts and may squeeze despite the lack of space instead of matching the speed of the one in front. Simulation results demonstrate that the direction and speed selection strategies affect pedestrian dynamics in several aspects, including the time and metabolic energy cost, density–velocity relations, and crowd stability. Intriguingly, the discrepant empirical fundamental diagrams of pedestrians can be reproduced and explained in a natural way.
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Aprilnico, Elven, i Martha Leni Siregar. "Pedestrian risk analysis at Jl. Raya Citayam – Jl. Boulevard Raya Grand Depok City intersection leg using pedestrian risk index". MATEC Web of Conferences 276 (2019): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927603011.
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Based on data obtained from Korps Lalu Lintas Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia there are 4,007 traffic accidents involving pedestrian in this period (October 2017-March 2018), where 499 of them happened at intersection. The purpose of this research is to analyze the risk level of pedestrian when crossing the intersection leg (using Pedestrian Risk Index (PRI). The concept of TCT (Traffic Conflict Technique) is adopted and a designed group(s) of pedestrians are observed while crossing the streets at a zebra cross and while crossing the street without a zebra cross. Pedestrians are observed when crossing individually and in groups. Data extracted include time and distance to accidents, crossing directions, and speed. Results indicate that compared to the existence of zebra crossing and crossing direction, the number of pedestrian in group significantly determines the risk level.
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Guo, Ning, Rui Jiang, SC Wong, Qing-Yi Hao, Shu-Qi Xue, Yao Xiao i Chao-Yun Wu. "Experimental study on mixed traffic flow of bicycles and pedestrians". Collective Dynamics 5 (12.08.2020): A108. http://dx.doi.org/10.17815/cd.2020.108.
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The mixed flow of bicycles and pedestrians is frequently observed on bicycle-pedestrian-shared roads. Unfortunately, studies on dynamics of this kind of mixed flow are very limited. This paper reports an experimental study of this kind of mixed traffic flow with equal numbers of pedestrians and cyclists asked to walk/ride in a ring-shaped track. In the uni-/bi-directional flow scenarios, pedestrians and bicycles moved in the same/opposite direction. Under both scenarios, bicycles and pedestrians formed their own lanes. Pedestrians walked in the inner lane and cyclists rode in the outer lane. Widths of both the pedestrian lane and the bicycle lane were more uniform in bidirectional flow. The pedestrian flow rate is larger in the unidirectional flow scenario than in the bidirectional flow scenario. In contrast, at low densities, the bicycle flow rate is essentially the same under the two scenarios. When the density is large, the bicycle flow rate becomes larger in the unidirectional flow scenario. Comparing the two modes, pedestrian flow rate is smaller/larger than bicycle flow rate at small/large densities under both scenarios.
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Karagulian, Federico, Carlo Liberto, Matteo Corazza, Gaetano Valenti, Andreea Dumitru i Marialisa Nigro. "Pedestrian Flows Characterization and Estimation with Computer Vision Techniques". Urban Science 7, nr 2 (14.06.2023): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci7020065.
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This work describes a straightforward implementation of detecting and tracking pedestrian walking across a public square using computer vision. The methodology consists of the use of the well-known YOLOv3 algorithm over videos recorded during different days of the week. The chosen location was the Piazza Duca d’Aosta in the city of Milan, Italy, in front of the main Centrale railway station, an access point for the subway. Several analyses have been carried out to investigate macroscopic parameters of pedestrian dynamics such as densities, speeds, and main directions followed by pedestrians, as well as testing strengths and weaknesses of computer-vision algorithms for pedestrian detection. The developed system was able to represent spatial densities and speeds of pedestrians along temporal profiles. Considering the whole observation period, the mean value of the Voronoi density was about 0.035 person/m2 with a standard deviation of about 0.014 person/m2. On the other hand, two main speed clusters were identified during morning/evening hours. The largest number of pedestrians with an average speed of about 0.77 m/s was observed along the exit direction of the subway entrances during both morning and evening hours. The second relevant group of pedestrians was observed walking in the opposite direction with an average speed of about 0.65 m/s. The analyses generated initial insights into the future development of a decision-support system to help with the management and control of pedestrian dynamics.
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Guo, Yongqing, Xiaoyuan Wang, Xinqiang Meng, Jie Wang i Yaqi Liu. "Analysis of Red-Light Violation Behavior of Pedestrian Two-Stage Crossing at a Signalized Intersection". Civil Engineering Journal 5, nr 2 (26.02.2019): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091257.
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Studying pedestrians’ twice-crossing behavior is of great significance to enhance safety and efficiency for pedestrians at signalized intersections. However, researchers have paid little attention to analyze and model pedestrians’ red-light running behavior on a two-stage crossing at signalized intersections. This paper focuses on analyzing the characteristics of pedestrian red-light violation behavior at the two stages, including the time distribution of violation behavior, the consistency of violation behavior, and the violation behavior in group. A goal-oriented and time-driven red-light violation behavior model was proposed for pedestrian two-stage crossing. A video-recording method was used to collect field data, and the results show that pedestrians in the two directions present different red-light violation behaviors in time selection and violation count, as well as, pedestrians in the two stages of a direction present different red-light violation behaviors in time selection. The main reasons leading to the phenomena were analyzed, regarding from people’s cognitive psychology and visual perception. The results also show that the proposed model is effective in simulating pedestrian red-light violation behavior of twice crossing. This research provides a theoretical basis for optimizing signal timing, improving pedestrian safety and developing user-friendly transportation system.
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Herath, Chamara, i Niranga Amarasingha. "Factors Affecting Red-Light Running of Pedestrians at Signalized Intersections". Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology 1, nr 1 (30.09.2022): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54389/ykso4631.
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Hundreds of pedestrians have died and many have been injured in the past decades as a result of Red Light Running (RLR) infractions. According to the United States Department of Transportation, 846 pedestrians have died and 143,000 have been injured in 2019 due to RLR violations. The majority of previous studies have focused on pedestrian behavior at an intersection, whereas only a few have looked into pedestrian RLR violations. The main objectives of this research are to find the pedestrians’ RLR rate in Sri Lanka and to find ways to reduce the RLR rate of pedestrians at the signalized crossing. Video observation surveys were conducted to collect data at three signalized intersections within Kandy city limits during weekdays for two hours per site. Pedestrian demographic variables such as gender and age; crossing characteristics such as crossing type, direction, crossing speed etc; and site characteristics such as crossing length, pedestrian green time, etc. were recorded. Chi-square and binary logistic regression tests were done. Results showed that out of 178 females, 130 had compliance with signal phases and out of 386 males, only 215 had compliance with RLR of a pedestrian. Furthermore, other independent variables such as age, crossing type, direction etc. were also associated with compliance RLR of pedestrians under Chi-square results. Based on the results of binary logistic regression, the variables such as gender, crossing type, number of traffic lanes, and pedestrian speed are significant when decreasing the log of probability -0.658, -3.040, -1.022 and -2.556 of compliance for RLR respectively. Variables that crosswalk utilization are also significant when increasing the log of probability of RLR 1.406 of compliance for RLR. The results would help develop safer pedestrian infrastructures and engineering countermeasures as well as assist the researchers and practitioners in better understanding pedestrian crossing behavior at signalized intersections. KEYWORDS:Pedestrian’s violation,Road safety, Signalized crosswalk, Red-light running.
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Duives, Dorine C., Winnie Daamen i Serge P. Hoogendoorn. "Operational Walking Dynamics of Crowds Modeled with Linear Regression". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2623, nr 1 (styczeń 2017): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2623-10.
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In this study the influence of interaction characteristics on operational walking dynamics within a crowd—specifically the influence of the distance headway, time headway, angle of sight, angle of interaction, walking speed, and number of pedestrians located nearby on a pedestrian’s change in speed and direction—is investigated. To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first time that the combined effect of the characteristics of interactions between pedestrians on the operational walking dynamics of pedestrians has been quantified. The walking speed and the number of pedestrians in close proximity were found to influence the adaptation of speed and direction. The other characteristics of the interaction affect either the change in speed (i.e., distance headway and interaction angle) or the change in direction (i.e., time headway and angle of sight). The results of this study strongly indicate that the density experienced by pedestrians is not the only characteristic of the crowd that affects pedestrians’ operational walking dynamics. Consequently, to model crowd movements correctly, the other characteristics of the interaction must also be taken into account in pedestrian flow theory and simulation models.
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Nemchinov, Dmitriy. "ENSURING THE PEDESTRIAN’S SAFETY DESIGN OF URBAN STREET CROSSWALKS". Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии, nr 2(26) (1.07.2019): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-26-2-103-110.
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The article presents an analysis of positive practices for ensuring the safety of pedestrians at the inter-section of the city streets carriageway, as well as a description of some innovations of regulatory and tech-nical documents, including an increased number of cases when a safety island can be arranged at a pedestri-an crossing. requirements for providing visibility at a pedestrian crossing to determine the minimum distance of visibility at a pedestrian crossing based on the time required pedestrians for crossing the roadway, recommended options for using ground unregulated pedestrian crossings on trapezoidal artificial irregularities according to GOST R 52605; traffic flow) and Z-shaped (also in the direction of the traffic flow), the requirements for the size of the securi-ty island have been established to allow put bicycle inside of safety island, a recommended set of measures to reduce the vehicle speed and describes the types of activities and describes a method of their application, describes methods zones device with reduced travel speed - residential and school zones, set requirements for turboroundabouts and methods of their design.
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Sun, Shulei, Ziqiang Zhang, Zhiqi Zhang, Pengyi Deng, Kai Tian i Chongfeng Wei. "How Do Human-Driven Vehicles Avoid Pedestrians in Interactive Environments? A Naturalistic Driving Study". Sensors 22, nr 20 (16.10.2022): 7860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22207860.
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One of the major challenges for autonomous vehicles (AVs) is how to drive in shared pedestrian environments. AVs cannot make their decisions and behaviour human-like or natural when they encounter pedestrians with different crossing intentions. The main reasons for this are the lack of natural driving data and the unclear rationale of the human-driven vehicle and pedestrian interaction. This paper aims to understand the underlying behaviour mechanisms using data of pedestrian–vehicle interactions from a naturalistic driving study (NDS). A naturalistic driving test platform was established to collect motion data of human-driven vehicles and pedestrians. A manual pedestrian intention judgment system was first developed to judge the pedestrian crossing intention at every moment in the interaction process. A total of 98 single pedestrian crossing events of interest were screened from 1274 pedestrian–vehicle interaction events under naturalistic driving conditions. Several performance metrics with quantitative data, including TTC, subjective judgment on pedestrian crossing intention (SJPCI), pedestrian position and crossing direction, and vehicle speed and deceleration were analyzed and applied to evaluate human-driven vehicles’ yielding behaviour towards pedestrians. The results show how vehicles avoid pedestrians in different interaction scenarios, which are classified based on vehicle deceleration. The behaviour and intention results are needed by future AVs, to enable AVs to avoid pedestrians more naturally, safely, and smoothly.
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Bartsch, A., F. Fitzek i R. H. Rasshofer. "Pedestrian recognition using automotive radar sensors". Advances in Radio Science 10 (18.09.2012): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-10-45-2012.
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Abstract. The application of modern series production automotive radar sensors to pedestrian recognition is an important topic in research on future driver assistance systems. The aim of this paper is to understand the potential and limits of such sensors in pedestrian recognition. This knowledge could be used to develop next generation radar sensors with improved pedestrian recognition capabilities. A new raw radar data signal processing algorithm is proposed that allows deep insights into the object classification process. The impact of raw radar data properties can be directly observed in every layer of the classification system by avoiding machine learning and tracking. This gives information on the limiting factors of raw radar data in terms of classification decision making. To accomplish the very challenging distinction between pedestrians and static objects, five significant and stable object features from the spatial distribution and Doppler information are found. Experimental results with data from a 77 GHz automotive radar sensor show that over 95% of pedestrians can be classified correctly under optimal conditions, which is compareable to modern machine learning systems. The impact of the pedestrian's direction of movement, occlusion, antenna beam elevation angle, linear vehicle movement, and other factors are investigated and discussed. The results show that under real life conditions, radar only based pedestrian recognition is limited due to insufficient Doppler frequency and spatial resolution as well as antenna side lobe effects.
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Ge, Xinfang, Weirong Wang i Wei Yuan. "Research on dynamic characteristics of plate under pedestrian excitation based on Newmark-β". Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 37, nr 4 (21.02.2018): 682–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461348418756025.
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Development of micro and ultra-precision machining, precision instruments and equipment, precision assembly and testing has put forward more and more high requirements to vibration isolation on environmental elements, especially the pedestrian excitation generated by workers' normal walking. Therefore, it is very important to study the pedestrian excitation's influence on vibration characteristics of precision instruments and equipment. In this study, dynamic model including mathematical model of pedestrian excitation, interaction model between pedestrian and rectangular plate structure, the human–plate coupled dynamic equation in vertical direction of pedestrian–plate structure was established. And then we use the Newmark-β method to solve the time-domain step-by-step integration of the first four order modes' dynamic equations and study the influence of the linear notion trajectory along the central axis direction on the dynamic characteristics of the rectangular plate. By simulation, we discussed plate structure response under different conditions, including plate structure displacement and acceleration response under the single person excitation with different velocities, under normal walking velocity with different number of pedestrians and under this case of different distance between two pedestrians. The results show that the structural vibration induced by pedestrian excitation has great influence on dynamic characteristics of plate.
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Xiao, Qian, i Jiayang Li. "Pedestrian Evacuation Model considering Dynamic Emotional Update in Direction Perception Domain". Complexity 2021 (1.09.2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5530144.
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Traditional dynamic models cannot fully describe the microdetails of the impact of emotional contagion on individual state and behavior when pedestrian evacuation is simulated. This paper addresses the problem by constructing a dynamic evolution mechanism among emotion, state, and behavior. First, the direction perception domain of pedestrians during evacuation is defined. Then, the dynamic emotional perception of pedestrians during an evacuation is studied, considering the emotional increment caused by personal walking speed and others in the direction perception domain. Next, emotional contagion is introduced into the improved cellular automata (CA) simulation model in the floor field (FF), entitled the “CECA model.” The transfer probability of pedestrians in different states is proposed by defining “susceptible emotional state” and “infectious emotional state.” Finally, the simulation results are compared with known models. The results demonstrate that the improved model can improve the evacuation efficiency of the system significantly. Simultaneously, the effects of emotional threshold, infection coefficient, calm coefficient, and perception radius of the evacuation system on the pedestrian evacuation process are simulated and analyzed, providing a basis for evacuation managers to formulate evacuation strategies.
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Liu, Xiao Dong, Wei Guo Song, Wei Lv i Fei Zhou Huo. "Modeling of Pedestrian Counter Flow in Corridors with Different Barriers". Applied Mechanics and Materials 444-445 (październik 2013): 1685–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.444-445.1685.
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An improved cellular automata model is proposed to study the pedestrian counter flow in corridors with different placements of barriers. The model considers the sensing region, collision avoidance, following, position exchange, and other common pedestrian behaviors. The sensing region here considers not only the number of pedestrians, but also their distances, velocities, both of which affect pedestrians’ transition probabilities. For example, when confronting with opposite pedestrians in high speed, the pedestrian may prefer to slow down or change the original direction. In the model, the pedestrians can change their velocities according to different situations. Simulations are conducted with the proposed model and the effect of different placements of barriers in corridors is studied in detail. The flow rates in different situations are compared, and it is found that certain placements of barriers can obviously improve the corridor’s pedestrian capacity, which may contribute to corridor design in the future.
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Guo, Ying, Hanshuo Liu, Jin Ye, Shengli Wang i Chenxi Duan. "Pedestrian Heading Estimation Methods Based on Multiple Phone Carrying Modes". Mobile Information Systems 2021 (30.08.2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1193268.
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The development of smartphone Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) inertial sensors has provided opportunities to improve indoor navigation and positioning for location-based services. One area of indoor navigation research uses pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) technology, in which the mobile phone must typically be held to the pedestrian’s chest. In this paper, we consider navigation in three other mobile phone carrying modes: “calling,” “pocket,” and “swinging.” For the calling mode, in which the pedestrian holds the phone to their face, the rotation matrix method is used to convert the phone’s gyroscope data from the calling state to the holding state, allowing calculation of the stable pedestrian forward direction. For a phone carried in a pedestrian’s trouser pocket, a heading complementary equation is established based on principal component analysis and rotation approach methods. In this case, the pedestrian heading is calculated by determining a subset of data that avoid 180° directional ambiguity and improve the heading accuracy. For the swinging mode, a heading capture method is used to obtain the heading of the lowest point of the pedestrian’s arm swing as they hold the phone. The direction of travel is then determined by successively adding the heading offsets each time the arm droops. Experimental analysis shows that 95% of the heading errors of the above three methods are less than 5.81°, 10.73°, and 9.22°, respectively. These results present better heading accuracy and reliability.
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da Silva, Felipe Tavares, Halane Maria Braga Fernandes Brito i Roberto Leal Pimentel. "Modeling of crowd load in vertical direction using biodynamic model for pedestrians crossing footbridges". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 40, nr 12 (grudzień 2013): 1196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2011-0587.
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In the analysis of vibration of footbridges in vertical direction, for crowd situations, there is evidence in the literature that the whole effect of pedestrian action is not well modeled when applying current force-only models to represent such an action. In these models, the action of each pedestrian is represented by a pulsating force applied on the structure. In this paper, a crowd load model is proposed for sparse and dense crowds (with densities up to around 1.0 pedestrian/m2) in which biodynamic models are added to represent the whole action of pedestrians. The focus of the investigation is on vibration effects in vertical direction. Comparisons with measurements on a prototype footbridge were carried out and made it possible to identify differences in the structural response when applying force-only and force-biodynamic models to represent the pedestrian action. The latter (proposed) model resulted in a better agreement with the measurements.
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Park, Sun-Joon, Sunhi Cho, Dae-Hung Kang, Pilyoung Park i Hyun-Sang Yoo. "Vibration Influence on Structural Perspectives According to Pedestrian Traffic Type of Pedestrian Bridge". Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 23, nr 2 (30.04.2023): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2023.23.2.109.
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The vibration acceleration response and excellent frequency generated by pedestrian’s walking type of the steel composite wooden bridge were measured and analyzed. Based on the modified Reiher-Meister vibration curve, vibration influence evaluation on the structural perspectives of the pedestrian bridge was performed. The pedestrian’s walking types were divided into walking, running, rolling, and shaking, and eight experimental cases were set up by combining them with the number of users and moving direction. A total of 37 measurements were made. To evaluate the vibration serviceability of pedestrian bridges, the pedestrian’s walking type must be considered, and a standardized study on the pedestrian’s walking type will be necessary in the future.
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Zhu, Nuo. "Pedestrian Evacuation with a Improved Dynamic Parameters Model". Applied Mechanics and Materials 505-506 (styczeń 2014): 1037–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.505-506.1037.
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A improved dynamic parameters model is presented based on cellular automata in this paper.The dynamic parameters: Direction-parameter, Empty-parameter and Cognition-parameter are formulated to simplify tactically the decision-making process of pedestrians, which can reflect the pedestrian judgment on the surrounding conditions and decide the pedestrians choice of action. Simulation of pedestrian evacuation and pedestrian moving rules were established, according to two-dimensional cellular automaton Moore neighborhood. In the improved model, the impact of the pedestrian density around exits is considered, the simulation and experimental results prove that this improvement makes sense, because besides the spatial distance to exits, people may also choose the exit according to the pedestrian density around exits. And the simulation results of improved model is compared with experiment, comparison shows that the improved model can reproduce the experiment well. The improved model is useful for further study, it is instructional significant for pedestrian evacuation, avoiding or reducing the number injuries.
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Jia, Enzo C., Jianqiang Wang i Daiheng Ni. "An Efficient Methodology for Calibrating Traffic Flow Models Based on Bisection Analysis". Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/949723.
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As urban planning becomes more sophisticated, the accurate detection and counting of pedestrians and cyclists become more important. Accurate counts can be used to determine the need for additional pedestrian walkways and intersection reorganization, among other planning initiatives. In this project, a camera-based approach is implemented to create a real-time pedestrian and cyclist counting system which is regularly accurate to 85% and often achieves higher accuracy. The approach retasks a state-of-the-art traffic camera, the Autoscope Solo Terra, for pedestrian and bicyclist counting. Object detection regions are sized to identify multiple pedestrians moving in either direction on an urban sidewalk and bicyclists in an adjacent bicycle lane. Collected results are processed in real time, eliminating the need for video storage and postprocessing. In this paper, results are presented for a pedestrian walkway for pedestrian flow up to 108 persons/min and the limitations of the implemented system are enumerated. Both pedestrian and cyclist counting accuracy of over 90% is achieved.
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Lei, Bin, Jinliang Xu, Menghui Li, Haoru Li, Jin Li, Zhen Cao, Yarui Hao i Yuan Zhang. "Enhancing Role of Guiding Signs Setting in Metro Stations with Incorporation of Microscopic Behavior of Pedestrians". Sustainability 11, nr 21 (2.11.2019): 6109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11216109.
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In the metro operation environment, guiding signs provide direction and route conversion instructions to pedestrians. In metro stations with massive passenger flow, the rationality of sign setting would exert distinct effects on the efficiency of passenger flow. Currently, most studies on guiding signs focus on architecture, aesthetics and simulation. However, perspectives from humanization of pedestrian guidance signs such as pedestrian behavior needs and pedestrian cognition were seldom proposed. In this paper, the microscopic behavior characteristics data of pedestrians at different positions in typical metro stations were collected through pedestrian tracking experiments. After analyzing the characteristics of pedestrians’ microscopic behavior in metro stations, otherness of walking speed was found out among pedestrians in different types of passageways. The walking speed of pedestrians in closed-type passageways is higher than other types. Moreover, pedestrian speed at the stairs adjacent to the platform is higher than that at the stairs not adjacent to the platform. With the increase of crowd density, the change of walking speed of pedestrians can be represented by a unimodal curve. Finally, the key points of optimal setting of guiding signs in different regions and different periods were obtained according to the result analysis of the experiment. The research results of this paper can provide theoretical support and technical guidance for the optimal establishment of pedestrian guiding signs in metro stations with massive passenger flow.
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CHAMNONGTHAI, K., i S. BOONRAT. "WALKING PEDESTRIAN TRACKING AMONG SEVERAL PEDESTRIANS BY DYNAMIC CAMERA". International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 13, nr 02 (kwiecień 2005): 205–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488505003400.
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In tracking a walking pedestrian among multiple walking pedestrians by movable camera, the pedestrian-target determination is sometimes mistaken, and it needs real-time image processing. This paper proposes an approach for tracking a walking pedestrian among multiple walking pedestrians with dynamic camera mounted on a pan platform. The objective of this approach is to correctly select the target, and maintain target within field of view. The approach has three processes, consisting of motion extraction, target prediction and camera movement respectively. The motion extraction with background compensation is performed to determine the groups of moving edges. In the target prediction, target position is predicted by using appropriate size window to identify target among several target candidates and to increase the accuracy. The final calculated distance, and direction against target and error are cooperated to determine the predicted target position. At the final process, the camera is moved in order to locate the center of the view at the target center. The experiments were demonstrated by tracking a walking pedestrians at 1 m/s speed and five meters distance from camera. Each experiment roughly consumed 480 ms/frame processing time at 8.5 rev./s motor speed. The results showed that the system error was 5-8% for five walking patterns of a walking pedestrian situation. In the situation of multiple walking pedestrians, the demonstration were performed by tracking a pedestrian among two and three pedestrians, the results revealed that the system succeeded in maintaining the target within the field of view excepting the cases that the movement was suddenly changed in term of direction and speed.
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Cottrell, Wayne D., i Dharminder Pal. "Evaluation of Pedestrian Data Needs and Collection Efforts". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1828, nr 1 (styczeń 2003): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1828-02.
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Research was done to evaluate the extent to which the pedestrian data collection efforts of transportation agencies in the United States are addressing pedestrian safety factors. There was also consideration of how pedestrian data collection can be improved to facilitate the monitoring of these factors. Fifteen pedestrian safety issues are identified based on a literature review and examination of pedestrian–vehicle crashes in Utah. A 2001 survey of U.S. transportation agencies indicated that 45 (75%) of the 60 respondents were counting pedestrians at various locations. Hand counting, the recording of push-button use, and video cameras were methods used to collect data. Automated systems, such as position sensors and image processing, were not used to count pedestrians. The use of advanced data collection technologies is not critical to the resolution of pedestrian safety concerns, although permanent counting installations might increase data collection efficiency. Only 4 of the 15 pedestrian safety issues were specifically being addressed by the agencies’ data collection efforts. Their existing methods could, however, be used to target seven additional safety factors. The development of a pedestrian data monitoring guide is recommended; an outline is proposed. Several agencies admitted that pedestrian volumes did not affect their pedestrian treatments. Evidently, some transportation agencies could benefit from direction on how to relate pedestrian demand and behavior data to safety improvements.
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YANG, JUN, ZHONGSHENG HOU i MINGHUI ZHAN. "SIMULATION OF PEDESTRIAN DYNAMIC USING A VECTOR FLOOR FIELD MODEL". International Journal of Modern Physics C 24, nr 04 (kwiecień 2013): 1350023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012918311350023x.
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Simulation of complex scenarios and multi-direction pedestrian flow is a main challenge to microscopic model of pedestrian movement. It is an issue to simulate real pedestrian traffic with great fidelity while keeping its computational cost at an acceptable level. This paper reports on an improved floor field model called vector floor field model to simulate pedestrian flows in some basic scenarios. In this model, vectorization of static floor field and dynamic floor field are used to indicate preference directions and the pedestrian flow tendency, respectively. Pedestrian transition depends on both their preference directions and tendency. The simulations in some basic scenarios are conducted, quantitative comparison to the record of practical experiments and standard floor field model is given as well, and the results indicate the effectivity of this model. An adjusted static vector floor field is also proposed to simulate pedestrian flow in turning scenario. The vector floor field model is also sufficient to simulate some essential features in pedestrian dynamic, such as lane formation. This model can be widely used in the simulation of multi-direction pedestrian at turning, crossing and other junctions.
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Jiang, Xue Ling, Chao Yun Long, Shui Jie Qin, Li Ping Wang i Jiang Hui Dong. "Pedestrian Evacuation Simulation Based on Dynamic Parameter Model with Friction". Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (marzec 2014): 1876–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.1876.
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An expanded dynamic parameter model is introduced based on cellular automata. In this model friction is modeled quantitatively. The dynamic parameters including direction parameter and empty parameter are formulated to simplify tactically the process of making decisions for pedestrian evacuation. The pedestrian moving rule is modified by bringing in the conception of friction under high density, corresponding simulations of pedestrian evacuation is carried out. The improved model considers the impact of interactions among pedestrians on the evacuation process. Therefore, it is more accordance with actual circumstance than the original dynamic parameters model.
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Hu, Jun, Zhongwen Li, Hong Zhang, Juan Wei, Lei You i Peng Chen. "Experiment and simulation of the bidirectional pedestrian flow model with overtaking and herding behavior". International Journal of Modern Physics C 26, nr 11 (31.08.2015): 1550131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183115501314.
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In order to effectively depict the characteristics of bidirectional pedestrian flow, a novel pedestrian flow model is proposed based on cellular automata. At first, according to direction gain, velocity gain and herding gain, the calculation formula of target position is defined, and the walking rules by combining overtaking behavior and herding behavior are given in the model. Meanwhile, the actual channel is used for experiments, where the self-organizing effect formed by pedestrian flow is observed. The simulation platform is established to study the key factors influencing pedestrian flow characteristics. The numerical analysis results showed that when the pedestrian density in the channel reached to the critical degree, the overtaking behavior can easily produce jamming. Moreover, pedestrians' rational choice is good for relieving jamming.
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Ouyang, Lijun, TingTing Li, Bin Zhen i Lei Wei. "Dynamics of a Pedestrian’s Walking Motion Based on the Inverted Pendulum Model". International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 18, nr 11 (22.10.2018): 1850145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455418501456.
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In this paper, the inverted pendulum model is proposed to describe a pedestrian’s walking motion by considering that the pivot point vibrates periodically up and down. The stability, periodic solutions and oscillations of the inverted pendulum are theoretically investigated, the correctness of which is illustrated by numerical simulations. According to frequency spectrum analysis, the inverted pendulum can exhibit periodically or quasi-periodically stable oscillations. However, we demonstrate that the inverted pendulum will maintain the ratio between the lateral and vertical vibration frequencies near [Formula: see text] as an optimizing selection of stability. The theoretical result agrees with the measurement result for a normal pedestrian such that the lateral step frequency is always half the vertical step frequency, which means that it is feasible and reasonable to describe a pedestrian’s walking motion using the inverted pendulum with the pivot vibrating harmonically in the vertical direction. The inverted pendulum model suggested in this paper could contribute to the study of pedestrian–footbridge interaction, which overcomes the difficulty of directly determining the expression of the lateral force induced by pedestrians.
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Hölzl, Roman, Lorenz Steckhan, Christian Lehsing, Steven W. Savage i Alex R. Bowers. "Driving with Hemianopia VIII: Effects of a Vibro-Tactile Assistance System on Safety and Gaze Behavior in Pedestrian Crossing Situations". Safety 7, nr 1 (5.03.2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety7010018.
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People with homonymous visual field defects (HVFDs), the loss of vision in the same half of the visual field in both eyes, are permitted to drive in some jurisdictions. However, the HVFD may cause difficulties in detecting hazards approaching on the side of the field loss (the blind side). An advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) could assist with hazard detection, but little research has been conducted to evaluate the potential benefits of an ADAS for visually impaired drivers. We developed a prototype vibro-tactile assistance system for drivers with HVFDs and conducted a proof-of-concept driving simulation study to evaluate the system. Given that pedestrian accidents are the second most frequent cause of death in road traffic and most of those accidents occur in urban scenarios, we evaluated the potential of the assistance system to improve responses to pedestrian hazards in a city environment. Sixteen participants, of which eight had HVFDs and eight had normal vision, took part. Our analyses evaluated the effects of the driver assistance system, crossing direction, and pedestrian behavior on the safety of pedestrian events and the participant’s gaze behavior at each of the 256 crossing situations. Generalized linear mixed effects models were used to assess binomial outcome variables. Despite the limited sample size, the results suggest that the vibro-tactile directional warnings were effective in directing the drivers’ gaze so that they were looking in the necessary direction before a potential hazard occurred. More time was spent fixating pedestrians on the blind side when the ADAS was engaged, and as a result, the safety of street crossings from the blind side improved. The effect of the ADAS was greater on responses to pedestrians from the blind than the seeing side. With an activated ADAS, crossings from the participants’ blind sides were as safe as crossings from their seeing sides, and it was as safe as the crossings when normally sighted participants were driving. The results suggest that the vibro-tactile ADAS is a promising approach to improve the safety of drivers with HVFD and surrounding traffic.
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Zafri, Rony i Adri. "Analysis of Pedestrian Crossing Speed and Waiting Time at Intersections in Dhaka". Infrastructures 4, nr 3 (2.07.2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures4030039.
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Pedestrian crossing speed and waiting time are critical parameters for designing traffic signals and ensuring pedestrian safety. This study aimed to carry out microscopic level research on pedestrian crossing speed and waiting time at intersections in Dhaka. To fulfill this aim, crossing-related data of 560 pedestrians were collected from three intersections in Dhaka using a videography survey method. Descriptive and statistical analyses were carried out, and then two multiple linear regression (MLR) models were developed for these two parameters by using the collected data. From the results, 1.15 m/s was found to be the design pedestrian crossing speed. Results also show that the crossing speed of pedestrians was associated with intersection control type, gender, age, crossing type, crossing group size, compliance behavior with control direction, and crossing location. In case of waiting time, findings show that pedestrians did not want to wait more than 20–30 s to cross the road. Furthermore, the waiting time of the pedestrians varied with intersection control type, gender, age, minimum gap, waiting location, and vehicle flow. Findings of this study will help to alleviate traffic safety problems by designing an effective intersection control system.
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Sah, Muhammad Baharudin. "STUDY OF FOOTWAY AND BIKE TRAVEL FACILITIES AS A PUBLIC TRANSPORT MODE INTEGRATION FACILITY IN SOUTH TANGERANG CITY (CASE STUDY: SUDIMARA STATION)". astonjadro 10, nr 1 (25.03.2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32832/astonjadro.v10i1.3700.
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It is known that South Tangerang City is one of the fastest growing cities. This indicates that the increasing number of users of transportation means that facilities for transportation users need to be considered, one example is pedestrians. The unrealized development of pedestrian facilities is caused by the transfer of function of pedestrian facilities for public needs and insufficient space for pedestrians. The lack of pedestrian facilities causes pedestrians to pass by and has an impact on public transportation that is currently operating, causing congestion. Sudimara Station is located in Ciputat District, South Tanggerang City, with a population growth rate of 3.0% in 2019. All buildings are provided for pedestrians to provide services to pedestrians so as to improve pedestrian smoothness, safety and comfort. The purpose of this study was to analyze the performance of pedestrian facilities at Sudimara Station. The method used is direct field survey and data processing using Microsoft Excel, AutoCad. The results of the author's research include the minimum width of the sidewalk in 2020 and 2025 of 1.5 - 1.6 meters and the service level of pedestrian facilities is classified as A, which means that pedestrians can walk freely, including being able to determine the direction of walking freely, at speed. relatively fast without causing interference between pedestrians. the existing conditions of the sidewalks in 2020, namely there are several obstacles for pedestrians such as the presence of street vendors, public transportation parking carelessly, and several motorbikes parked carelessly, buying and selling activities in markets close to Sudimara station and the absence of integration facilities around the place. the. Planning that the authors do is to increase the width of the sidewalk to 1.5 meters, and the addition of street lighting facilities.
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Spasojevic-Surdilovic, Marija, Srdjan Zivkovic, Dragana Turnic i Marko Milosevic. "Modelling of pedestrian-induced load in serviceability limit state analysis of footbridges". Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 20, nr 1 (2022): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace220301005s.
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The last few decades new trends in the design of pedestrian bridges have resulted in lighter and more slender structures. This leads to a reduction in natural frequencies and increased flexibility, and thus a greater possibility for structures to become more exposed to excessive vibrations caused by pedestrians. The lager amplitudes of vibrations occur if the pace frequency of excitation load approaches one of natural frequency of footbridge. The vibration of high proportions may cause pedestrians to feel uncomfortable, sick or unsafe while crossing the bridge. In modern pedestrian bridge design, human-induced vibrations have become an important issue. Footbridge vibrations occur in vertical, lateral and longitudinal direction, and torsion of the bridge deck is also possible. The main types of pedestrian action on the bridge are walking and running, while jumping, bouncing, swaying are considered to be intentional, or sometimes even vandal excitation. Pedestrian-induced loads are difficult to model since pedestrians may have different weight, various number in the groups randomly distributed over the bridge deck. Also, the walking velocity may vary from a pedestrian to a pedestrian. The load models appropriately set up are of great importance for understanding the response of the bridge. Principles of modeling of the human-induced load and some characteristic models of pedestrian loads, described in proposals and codes, are presented in this paper. Some results of Serviceability Limit State analysis, in terms of human-induced vibration, of the pedestrian bridge over the Nisava River in Nis, are also presented.
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Zhang, Rui, Haosen Qin, Ling Wang i Ziyang Wu. "Research on Behavior Recognition of Disyielding Pedestrians Based on LSTM". Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 34 (28.02.2023): 335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v34i.5491.
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Serious traffic accidents caused by vehicles' disobedience to pedestrians occur frequently, so it is very important to supervise and regulate the behavior of disobedient pedestrians and explore the identification methods of disobedient behaviors. Compared with the existing research, this paper proposes a recognition algorithm based on Long Short Memory (LSTM) network for vehicles' indecisive pedestrian behavior. This algorithm is more practical and adaptable. First, it predicts the future continuous kinematics of the vehicle through the past transverse and longitudinal characteristics of the vehicle, and obtains the driver's manipulation intention. Then, the manipulation intention is combined with the past pedestrian trajectory and pedestrian head direction information, and the joint modeling is carried out to obtain the probability of the occurrence of vehicles' behavior that does not yield to pedestrians. Using real driving data to test, the test results show good recognition accuracy, and the goodness of fit of the model to the sample reaches 0.93.
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Jian, Xiao-Xia, i Xiaoning Zhang. "Potential Field Cellular Automata Model for Pedestrian Evacuation in a Domain with a Ramp". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/714267.
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We propose a potential field cellular automata model with a pushing force field to simulate the pedestrian evacuation in a domain with a ramp. We construct a cost potential depending on the ramp angle and introduce a function to evaluate the pushing force, which is related to the cost and the desired direction of pedestrian. With increase of crowd density, there is no empty space for pedestrian moving forward; pedestrian will purposefully push another pedestrian on her or his desired location to arrive the destination quickly. We analyse the relationship between the slope of ramp and the pushing force and investigate the changing of injured situations with the changing of the slope of ramp. When the number of pedestrians and the ramp angle arrive at certain critical points, the Domino effect will be simulated by this proposed model.
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CHIKISHEV, E. M., A. S. GAVAEV, D. A. CHAINIKOV i S. A. SIDOROV. "INCREASING THE SAFETY OF CONTROLLED INTERSECTIONS BY INTRODUCING AN EXCLUSIVE PEDESTRIAN PHASE". World of transport and technological machines 78, nr 3-5 (2022): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7432-2022-5(78)-3-54-62.
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The study examines the issue of improving road safety by separating traffic and pedestrian flows. On the example of the Russian city of Tyumen, the main Respublika street is analyzed, where intersections with an exclusive pedestrian phase with the possibility of crossing diagonally are identified. An experiment was carried out to establish the proportion of pedestrians crossing in a diagonal direction. At the same time, it was found that at the intersections under study, this type of transition does not comply with the traffic rules. On the basis of the implemented research, options for improving the regulation of pedestrian flows are proposed, including for bringing them into compliance with traffic rules.
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Shan, Liang, Lu Chang, Siyuan Xu, Chao Jiang i Yi Guo. "Robot-assisted pedestrian flow control of a controlled pedestrian corridor". International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 15, nr 6 (1.11.2018): 172988141881469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881418814694.
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Pedestrian evacuation and modification of traffic facilities were previously studied to increase the traffic efficiency and the safety of pedestrians. In this article, we first design a new robot-assisted pedestrian control scheme. We consider a different scenario that the inflow of all the entrances to the corridor can be controlled by mobile robots. Based on the collected image data of the experimental corridor, we obtain the regulated pedestrian velocity and build the relationship function between the adjustable motion frequency of the robot and the regulated pedestrian velocity. To achieve the optimal traffic flow in the designed scenario, we set up the macroscopic pedestrian model for the modified unidirectional pedestrian corridor with several controlled entrances. The pedestrian inflow of each entrance is controlled by adjusting the motion frequency of the robot moving in a transverse direction. Then the state feedback controller is designed and the stability of the controller is analyzed based on the Lyapunov stability theory. The theoretical analysis guides the movement of robots. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the controlled pedestrian system. Our study can flexibly manage the pedestrian flow by applying advanced robotics technology on macro level, which can provide ideal global control effect.
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Tomizawa, Tetsuo, i Yuya Shibata. "Oncoming Human Avoidance for Autonomous Mobile Robot Based on Gait Characteristics". Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 28, nr 4 (19.08.2016): 500–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2016.p0500.
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[abstFig src='/00280004/08.jpg' width='300' text='Overview of oncoming human avoidance' ] When two pedestrians pass one another on busy intersections or pedestrian crossings, they may try to avoid each other by moving in the same direction. Such behavior becomes a factor hindering a smooth walking. When robots will come to be used in our immediate environment in the future, similar situations are likely to occur. The objective of this study is to determine the appropriate avoidance action (direction and timing) that a robot should take in order to minimize the risk of coming face to face with a pedestrian, in situations where the two parties, who share a common travel line, pass one another. First, two experiments were conducted using human subjects to investigate the walking tendencies (gait characteristics) when a person walks past another oncoming person. Here, we examined the relationship between the landed foot and the direction in which it is easier to move and the tendencies of the avoidance direction when a person makes a sudden move to avoid another oncoming person. Based on the results, we proposed the avoidance action that the robot must take when it passes a human pedestrian, and confirmed its effectiveness through a verification experiment.
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Murai, Yasuyuki, Hisayuki Tatsumi, Yumiko Ota i Masahiro Miyakawa. "Prototype of a Method to Support the Walking of Visually Impaired by Detecting the Walkable Area Using Pedestrians". International Journal of Engineering and Technology 15, nr 2 (maj 2023): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1217.
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The goal of this study is to support the walking of visually impaired people using AI and a small camera. It is difficult for the visually impaired to walk straight toward the target due to the characteristics of the disability. Even if they think they are walking straight, they will move off to the left and right. For this reason, they may have an accident such as falling from the platform of the train. In this report, in order to enable visually impaired people to walk safely toward the target, a small camera attached to the body captures the direction of travel, detects the area where the pedestrian can walk safely from the recorded pedestrian, and guide users there. We consider that the place where there are pedestrians is an area where we can walk safely. Pedestrians are detected from camera images using AI. Use sound to inform the user of the direction of travel. We prototyped these methods.
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Barsi, A., T. Lovas, B. Molnar, A. Somogyi i Z. Igazvolgyi. "PEDESTRIAN DETECTION BY LASER SCANNING AND DEPTH IMAGERY". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B3 (9.06.2016): 465–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b3-465-2016.
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Pedestrian flow is much less regulated and controlled compared to vehicle traffic. Estimating flow parameters would support many safety, security or commercial applications. Current paper discusses a method that enables acquiring information on pedestrian movements without disturbing and changing their motion. Profile laser scanner and depth camera have been applied to capture the geometry of the moving people as time series. Procedures have been developed to derive complex flow parameters, such as count, volume, walking direction and velocity from laser scanned point clouds. Since no images are captured from the faces of pedestrians, no privacy issues raised. The paper includes accuracy analysis of the estimated parameters based on video footage as reference. Due to the dense point clouds, detailed geometry analysis has been conducted to obtain the height and shoulder width of pedestrians and to detect whether luggage has been carried or not. The derived parameters support safety (e.g. detecting critical pedestrian density in mass events), security (e.g. detecting prohibited baggage in endangered areas) and commercial applications (e.g. counting pedestrians at all entrances/exits of a shopping mall).
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Barsi, A., T. Lovas, B. Molnar, A. Somogyi i Z. Igazvolgyi. "PEDESTRIAN DETECTION BY LASER SCANNING AND DEPTH IMAGERY". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B3 (9.06.2016): 465–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b3-465-2016.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Pedestrian flow is much less regulated and controlled compared to vehicle traffic. Estimating flow parameters would support many safety, security or commercial applications. Current paper discusses a method that enables acquiring information on pedestrian movements without disturbing and changing their motion. Profile laser scanner and depth camera have been applied to capture the geometry of the moving people as time series. Procedures have been developed to derive complex flow parameters, such as count, volume, walking direction and velocity from laser scanned point clouds. Since no images are captured from the faces of pedestrians, no privacy issues raised. The paper includes accuracy analysis of the estimated parameters based on video footage as reference. Due to the dense point clouds, detailed geometry analysis has been conducted to obtain the height and shoulder width of pedestrians and to detect whether luggage has been carried or not. The derived parameters support safety (e.g. detecting critical pedestrian density in mass events), security (e.g. detecting prohibited baggage in endangered areas) and commercial applications (e.g. counting pedestrians at all entrances/exits of a shopping mall).
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Toso, Marcelo André, i Herbert Martins Gomes. "Biodynamic Synchronized Coupled Model for Crowd-Footbridge Interaction". European Journal of Engineering and Formal Sciences 4, nr 1 (21.02.2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejef.v4i1.p64-74.
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Nowadays there are growing interests in vibration serviceability assessments of composite footbridges. The new design trends of composite footbridges make them slender civil structures that may be affected by the load action of walking pedestrians resulting in large deflections or even uncomfortable vibrations. Furthermore, the presence of people on the footbridges causes the addition of mass to the structural system and due to the human body’s ability to absorb vibrational energy, an increase in structural damping. In this paper, the interaction between pedestrian and structure is modelled using data from pedestrian characteristics and vibration data from a measured footbridge as a comparison basis. A previously developed numerical model was used, this model called Biodynamic Synchronized Coupled Model (BSCM) consists of a fully synchronized force model in the longitudinal and lateral direction of pedestrian’s movement and a biodynamic model with mass, damping and stiffness parameters. The model is coupled with the structure using the Finite Element Method at the feet’s contact points. Pedestrians are treated as individuals with intrinsic kinetic and kinematic parameters following a measured correlation matrix obtained by the use of an especially designed force platform. Finally, the adequacy of the proposed model to represent the pedestrians as BSCM for the walking effects on the structure is investigated by experimentally measured accelerations on a footbridge (freely walking). The numerical results show good agreement with the experimental results.
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Sun, Jianxiang, i Yadong Liu. "A Hybrid Asynchronous Brain–Computer Interface Based on SSVEP and Eye-Tracking for Threatening Pedestrian Identification in Driving". Electronics 11, nr 19 (2.10.2022): 3171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11193171.
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A brain–computer interface (BCI) based on steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) has achieved remarkable performance in the field of automatic driving. Prolonged SSVEP stimuli can cause driver fatigue and reduce the efficiency of interaction. In this paper, a multi-modal hybrid asynchronous BCI system combining eye-tracking and EEG signals is proposed for dynamic threatening pedestrian identification in driving. Stimuli arrows of different frequencies and directions are randomly superimposed on pedestrian targets. Subjects scan the stimuli according to the direction of arrows until the threatening pedestrian is selected. The thresholds determined by offline experiments are used to distinguish between working and idle states of the asynchronous online experiments. Subjects need to judge and select potentially threatening pedestrians in online experiments according to their own subjective experience. The three proposed decisions filter out the results with low confidence and effectively improve the selection accuracy of hybrid BCI. The experimental results of six subjects show that the proposed hybrid asynchronous BCI system achieves better performance compared with a single SSVEP-BCI, with an average selection time of 1.33 s, an average selection accuracy of 95.83%, and an average information transfer rate (ITR) of 67.50 bits/min. These results indicate that our hybrid asynchronous BCI has great application potential in dynamic threatening pedestrian identification in driving.
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Zhao, Guangzhe, Mrutani Takafumi, Kajita Shoji i Mase Kenji. "Video based estimation of pedestrian walking direction for pedestrian protection system". Journal of Electronics (China) 29, nr 1-2 (marzec 2012): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11767-012-0814-y.
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Manos, Adi, Itzik Klein i Tamir Hazan. "Gravity-Based Methods for Heading Computation in Pedestrian Dead Reckoning". Sensors 19, nr 5 (7.03.2019): 1170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19051170.
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One of the common ways for solving indoor navigation is known as Pedestrian Dead Reckoning (PDR), which employs inertial and magnetic sensors typically embedded in a smartphone carried by a user. Estimation of the pedestrian’s heading is a crucial step in PDR algorithms, since it is a dominant factor in the positioning accuracy. In this paper, rather than assuming the device to be fixed in a certain orientation on the pedestrian, we focus on estimating the vertical direction in the sensor frame of an unconstrained smartphone. To that end, we establish a framework for gravity direction estimation and highlight the important role it has for solving the heading in the horizontal plane. Furthermore, we provide detailed derivation of several approaches for calculating the heading angle, based on either the gyroscope or the magnetic sensor, all of which employ the estimated vertical direction. These various methods—both for gravity direction and for heading estimation—are demonstrated, analyzed and compared using data recorded from field experiments with commercial smartphones.
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Landhina, Vivia Tiur, Burhamtoro Burhamtoro i Dwi Ratnaningsih. "PERENCANAAN DESAIN JALUR PEJALAN KAKI PADA JALAN MT. HARYONO KOTA MALANG". Jurnal JOS-MRK 2, nr 3 (20.09.2021): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.55404/jos-mrk.2021.02.03.144-149.
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MT. Haryono Street is an area of shops, hospitals, schools, campuses, markets and malls. However, several problems encountered in the field include unavailability of pedestrian facilities, damaged sidewalks and the conversion of sidewalks causing pedestrians to use the road body to walk. The research location is taken along the Dinoyo Intersection to Water Reservoir Tlogomas the distance of approximately 0.97 km which is divided into 17 observation segments. Desaign planning for good pedestrian path will provide a sense of security and comfort so that it does not cause intersection, avoids conflicts and does not walk on the road, which of course endangers pedestrian safety. The method used in this planning is a pedestrian facility performance analysis and pedestrian path design. Based on the results and discussion above, it can be concluded that the pedestrian path design planning with a width of 1.50 m assumes the need for two people. The sidewalk slope of 2% for the purpose of channeling surface water with the direction of the slope of the surface adjusted to the drainage plan. The planned ramps are placed at driveways, intersections and pedestrian crossings with an 8% slope rate.
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Murakami, Hisashi, Claudio Feliciani i Katsuhiro Nishinari. "Lévy walk process in self-organization of pedestrian crowds". Journal of The Royal Society Interface 16, nr 153 (10.04.2019): 20180939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0939.
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Similar to other animal groups, human crowds exhibit various collective patterns that emerge from self-organization. Recent studies have emphasized that individuals anticipate their neighbours' motions to seek their paths in dynamical pedestrian flow. This path-seeking behaviour results in deviation of pedestrians from their desired directions (i.e. the direct path to their destination). However, the strategies that individuals adopt for the behaviour and how the deviation of individual movements impact the emergent organization are poorly understood. We here show that the path-seeking behaviour is performed through a scale-free movement strategy called a Lévy walk, which might facilitate transition to the group-level behaviour. In an experiment of lane formation, a striking example of self-organized patterning in human crowds, we observed how flows of oppositely moving pedestrians spontaneously separate into several unidirectional lanes. We found that before (but not after) lane formation, pedestrians deviate from the desired direction by Lévy walk process, which is considered optimal when searching unpredictably distributed resources. Pedestrians balance a trade-off between seeking their direct paths and reaching their goals as quickly as possible; they may achieve their optimal paths through Lévy walk process, facilitating the emergent lane formation.