Artykuły w czasopismach: „Peace Journalism”

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Gouse, Valerie, Mariely Valentin-Llopis, Stephen Perry i Beryl Nyamwange. "An investigation of the conceptualization of peace and war in peace journalism studies of media coverage of national and international conflicts". Media, War & Conflict 12, nr 4 (19.11.2018): 435–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750635218810917.

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According to Galtung’s articles ‘On the role of the media in worldwide security and peace’ (1986) and ‘High road, low road: Charting the course for peace journalism’ (1998), war journalism and peace journalism are two competing frames when reporting news on war and conflict. War journalists reactively report on conflict in a way that propagates violence, victory, and an elitist orientation. On the contrary, peace journalists proactively report on the causes of and solutions to a conflict, giving voice to all parties through responsible, empathetic journalism. By searching databases for multiple examples of qualitative and quantitative literature on peace and war journalism, new paths to best practices of how scholars articulate and measure the concepts of peace and war using content analysis methods can be found. This article reports on studies published in peer-reviewed journals that investigate the attributes of peace and war as they are conceptualized by scholars analyzing newspaper articles, television broadcasts, and radio reports within the context of peace journalism. Results suggest the majority of peace journalism studies examine media surrounding direct violence as it is occurring, and assess it most often by using the war/peace indicator of elite-oriented versus people-oriented.

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Tehranian, Majid. "Peace Journalism". Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics 7, nr 2 (kwiecień 2002): 58–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081180x0200700205.

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Galtung, Johan. "Peace Journalism". Media Asia 30, nr 3 (styczeń 2003): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01296612.2003.11726720.

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Botes, Johannes (Jannie). "Peace Journalism". Journal of Peace Research 44, nr 1 (styczeń 2007): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002234330704400119.

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Ibrahim, Faridah, Normah Mustaffa, Fauziah Ahmad, Chang Peng Kee i Wan Amizah Wan Mahmud. "Peace journalism". Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 23, nr 2 (18.12.2013): 258–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.23.2.07ibr.

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The dilemma between war and peace has often created continuous debates among many people even though their countries are not involved in the act of war. What they see on television or read on the Internet and in the newspapers are enough to incite emotions and feelings. Some took to the streets and joined street demonstrators who demonstrate against the act of aggression and war in certain countries. While others, would be glued to the television or the Internet, following minute details on the act of war and silently condemning the perpetrators of war. There are also groups of individuals who are indifferent to what is happening around them. In other words, people react to war news in many ways. Moreover with the potential of the mass media to provide neutral and objective reporting of war and peace, one may ask, how do the media perform in times of conflicts and war. Based on a survey of the Malaysian audience, this paper tries to dwell into how the people of a non-warring country like Malaysia, perceives the act of war. To what extent do they see the role of the media in propagating peace and how do they conceptualise the notion of Peace Journalism.

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Isma, Asad. "PENGEMBANGAN KEILMUAN PROGRAM STUDI JURNALISTIK ISLAM MELALUI MATA KULIAH PEACE JOURNALISM". Jurnal Dakwah Risalah 30, nr 1 (8.07.2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/jdr.v30i1.6450.

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This study offers a scientific development model for department of islamic journalism through the approach of peace journalism. Researchers see the importance of peace journalism to be introduced, understood and become the basis of journalistic work of journalists, especially for students. This research uses mixed methods research method that is combining field research, literature and supplemented with online research. The importance of the scientific development of department of islamic journalism through peace journalism can be seen from the increasing need for journalism propositions. The scientific development strategy of the department of islamic journalism at UIN STS Jambi through the Peace Journalism Course starts from curriculum planning, preparation of practice facilities, and hands-on experience-based learning.

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Mitra, Saumava. "Socio-cultural contexts and peace journalism: A case for meso-level comparative sociological investigation of journalistic cultures". Journalism 19, nr 11 (8.07.2016): 1517–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464884916657510.

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The article argues that through explorations of differing identity formation among journalist groups according to socio-cultural contexts, Peace Journalism has to test the applicability and acceptability of its normative frameworks in different settings. The article identifies lessons Peace Journalism can include from other academic sub-fields to understand the professional life-worlds of journalists in post-conflict societies. The study proffers a meso-level investigation framework of journalists’ awareness of and negotiation with the circulation of ‘flaks’, ‘frames’ and ‘myths’ through the ‘feedback loop(s)’ they work within and re-categorizes micro-level findings from a study conducted in Kenya with this meso-level framework as an illustration.

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Abunales, Daniel. "Peace Journalism: Preparing Aspiring Journalists to Value Culture of Peace". Asia Pacific Media Educator 26, nr 2 (29.11.2016): 252–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1326365x16666851.

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This article takes off from the findings of the author’s postgraduate study on the best practices of peace journalism (PJ) as reflected in the reportage of Inquirer.net and MindaNews.com of the Bangsamoro peace process in the Philippines. The author confirmed through content and discourse analysis that the conflict between the government and Muslim rebels in Mindanao is still often reported in a manner that is biased against the Muslims, especially when it escalates to violence. Articles that scored high on PJ indicators were written by senior journalists who are proponents of PJ. Younger reporters wrote none of such articles. This implies that knowledge and application of PJ can help reduce, if not remove, bias in reporting conflicts. This article argues that PJ training should go beyond media practitioners and encompass journalism and communication students in university programmes.

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Fourie, Pieter Jacobus. "Peace journalism as ideology or peace journalism as a semiotic act of world and life view?" Communicare: Journal for Communication Studies in Africa 31, sed-1 (17.10.2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v31ised-1.1644.

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In this article it is argued that in the context of critical media and cultural studies’ emphasis onideology, the accent in understanding peace journalism frequently falls on peace journalismas advocacy journalism and on peace journalism as an ideological manipulation of therepresentation of war, conflict, terrorism, protest and violence. For an alternative understandingof peace journalism, and in the light of renewed academic interest in the understanding of worldand life view as a comprehensive set of values underlying cognition and representation, thisarticle suggests a focus on the description and analyses of the a priori values underlying ajournalist’s world and life view and demonstrates how such values may or may not be rooted ina fundamental world and life view predisposed to peace versus violence and war as a solutionto conflict. Given world and life view’s emphasis on meaning and meaning-making, the articlethen suggests an understanding of peace journalism and an understanding among journalistsof their work, as a semiotic act and as such signifying and representing the values of world andlife views in rhetorical and dialogical ways. Such an understanding and consciousness may leadto heightened journalistic sensitivity regarding how war, violence, conflict and hate are reported.This article deals in consecutive parts with the topics peace journalism, world and life view asa construct and its possible application in the field of peace journalism, and journalism as asemiotic act, characterised by signification, representation, rhetoric and dialogue as four of themain building blocks of journalistic communication, including peace journalism.

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Tenenboim-Weinblatt, Keren, Thomas Hanitzsch i Rotem Nagar. "Beyond peace journalism". Journal of Peace Research 53, nr 2 (10.12.2015): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343315609091.

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Warrich, Haseeb Ur Rehman, Rooh Ul Amin Khan i Salma Umber. "Reporting Sino-Indian Border Conflict Through Peace Journalism Approach". Global Mass Communication Review V, nr III (30.09.2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gmcr.2020(v-iii).01.

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The study attempts to analyze the coverage of recent Sino-Indian border conflict through peace and war journalism along with understanding how peace journalism ideals can be translated into conflict reporting. The descriptive analysis of news stories published from May 5, 2020, to October 5, 2020, in the mainstream contemporary English press of China (China Daily and Global Times) and India (Times of India and The Hindu) is carried out through content analysis. The period is significant because of the recent border conflict between China and India at Ladakh. The approach of peace and war journalism is explored through in-depth interviews of Indian and Chinese journalists. The study concluded that both Indian and Chinese press employed war framing more dominantly than peace framing while reporting on-going border conflict. A higher instance of peace journalism was recorded in the Chinese press in comparison to the Indian press. The ideals of peace journalism can be achieved by refraining from becoming part of the propaganda paradigm.

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Ortiz dos Santos, Fabíola. "Promoting peace: The role of radio journalism in conflict prevention". Radio Journal:International Studies in Broadcast & Audio Media 19, nr 1 (1.04.2021): 175–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/rjao_00040_1.

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This article examines the role of radios in conflict by exploring the tenets of peace journalism in the United Nations sponsored Radio Okapi (Democratic Republic of Congo) and Radio Ndeke Luka (Central African Republic) run by the Swiss Fondation Hirondelle. It is a qualitative research that interviewed journalists on how they perceive their role in society and margin of autonomy. It aims at answering the question: To what extent do the conventions of professional practice of journalism affect the way newsmaking is shaped under the peace journalism approach in conflict-stressed environments? The findings pointed that peace journalism encompasses the idea of a symbolic rapprochement and reconcilement. Reporters stressed the notion of using journalism as a pedagogical tool. Many of the journalists have gone through life-threatening situations caused by opposition groups. Nonetheless, the testimonies accounted for a willingness to carry on with their commitment to a responsible journalism.

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Şahin, Sanem, i Christiana Karayianni. "Journalism matters: reporting peace in Cyprus". Media, Culture & Society 42, nr 7-8 (2.06.2020): 1360–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443720923888.

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The article investigates journalism in societies that are working towards a peaceful resolution. Focusing on the ongoing peace process in Cyprus, it studies the influences and difficulties journalists experience when they report on the negotiations. The peace process in Cyprus, which has been divided since 1974 following a conflict between Turkish Cypriots and Greek Cypriots, is continuing. Thematic analysis of the interviews conducted with 67 journalists identifies the key issues that affect journalists in Cyprus when they report on the conflict and peace negotiations. The results show that journalists experience tension between professional values and a sense of belonging and move between professional and national/ethnic identities to cope with it. The results also indicate that despite political and ideological pressures, journalists exercise agency, making attempts to challenge and alter them.

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Lynch, Jake, i Annabel McGoldrick. "Responses to peace journalism". Journalism: Theory, Practice & Criticism 14, nr 8 (27.11.2012): 1041–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464884912464175.

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Phillips, Angela. "Book Review: Peace Journalism". Global Media and Communication 2, nr 2 (sierpień 2006): 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742766506066223.

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Shaw, Ibrahim Seaga. "Debates in Peace Journalism". Journal of Peace Education 8, nr 3 (grudzień 2011): 363–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17400201.2011.621380.

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Khan, Sanan Waheed, Muhammad Bilal Nawaz i Malik Adnan. "Mapping Journalists' Perspectives on Peace Journalism in Pakistan: Evaluating News Media War and Peace Potential". Global Regional Review VII, nr I (30.03.2022): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(vii-i).22.

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Journalism is entrusted with delivering high-quality information, not just for the truth but perhaps more significantly for peace. This research examines the role media plays in promoting peace,as shown by the personal experiences of media professionals. Research demonstrates that the media seems to have a vital role in encouraging positive peace by (1) educating viewers about the government's current plans and (2) promoting shows/programs that encourage positive peace, which connects citizens with their government. These rising themes demonstrate the usefulness of government media,via peace journalism, in promoting the public's interest in peace building. Peace can be instilled in the press and maintained if the government and media stay committed. The findings demonstrate that journalists are highly proactive and seek to utilize their positions to influence and engage the public. In this manner, journalists have a close relationship to the function of public organizers.

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Siddiqua, Ayesha, Khalid Sultan, Atif Ashraf i Ghulam Shabir. "Abrogation of Article 370 and the Media Framing of Kashmir Conflict: A Pursuit for Re-conciliatory Approach". Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies 3, nr 3 (31.08.2021): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v3i3.1839.

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Objective: The study at hand attempts to analyze the media framing of J&K conflict in the context of abrogation of Article 370 along with comprehending the extent to which ideals of peace journalism can be translated into journalistic practices. Methodology: Quantitative analysis of the news items published in Dawn and The Nation (Pakistani media); Times of India and The Hindu (Indian media) indicated that the media framing of Kashmir conflict by the all four selected English dailies from India and Pakistan was heavily dominated by war framing. Findings: Findings of the qualitative interviews conducted from the Indian and Pakistani journalists indicated that the ideals of peace journalism can be translated in to journalistic practices by not justifying human rights violations and by focusing on more in-depth coverage of less visible effects of conflict. A search for common grounds among key stake holders and refraining from becoming part of propaganda were among other key factors which can play a vital role in practicing peace journalism. Implications: Peace Journalism can be understood as a special form of responsible journalism as it has the potential to contribute in the peace process.

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Rodny-Gumede, Ylva. "Peace journalism and the usage of online sources". Communicare: Journal for Communication Studies in Africa 31, sed-1 (17.10.2022): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v31ised-1.1653.

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This article looks at reporting practices in the South African news media with regard to onlinesources and the realisation of peace journalism. Based on data collected from questionnairesand interviews with journalists, media scholars and media monitors in South Africa, the articleexplores their responses to suggestions that Internet sources are more politically biased thanare traditional sources and determines both the extent to which journalists use them and theextent to which they should rely on online sources. The discussion around online sources andpotential bias and even hate speech is linked up with normative ideas and debates around peacejournalism in the South African news media and the promise of peace journalism through theusage of alternative news sources.

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Hutahaen, Gita Sere, i Formas Juitan Lase. "PEMBINGKAIAN BERITA KONFLIK BERSENJATA NDUGA DI TABLOIDJUBI.COM". Interaksi: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi 10, nr 2 (7.12.2021): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/interaksi.10.2.115-126.

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The media has an important role as a mediator in conflict events. That role can be realized through the practice of peace journalism. Peace journalism is the ability of the media to bring conflict events toward peace. The conflict that occurred in Nduga, Papua is one of the important events mediated by the media. There are so many people who are disadvantaged if the media such as Tabloidjubi.com does not report the conflict with a peace journalism approach. This article analyzed the reporting of Tabloidjubi.com using the concept of peace journalism and the method of framing analysis on 15 news in the December 2018 edition. This study tried to see whether Tabloidjubi.com uses the perspective of peace journalism in its reporting. The results showed that Tabloidjubi.com had not applied peace journalism adequately. The news still dominates one side as a cause of conflict, namely the warring elites compared to the creation of peace initiatives. So that the role as a mediator in creating resolution, reconstruction and reconciliation has not yet been realized.

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Umeogu, Bonachristus, i Ojiakor Ifeoma. "Crisis Journalism and World Peace". Advances in Applied Sociology 02, nr 02 (2012): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/aasoci.2012.22021.

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Hyde-Clarke, Nathalie. "Peace journalism in South Africa". Communicare: Journal for Communication Studies in Africa 31, sed-1 (17.10.2022): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v31ised-1.1646.

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This article presents a theoretical exploration of the concept of peace journalism. It assessesits usefulness for strengthening existing practices in the South African media. Peace journalismaddresses issues around journalistic practices in relation to story selection and presentation withthe aim of facilitating non-violent responses to real and potential conflict. There is no doubt thatcommercial media coverage often relies on sensational and inflammatory discourse to attractconsumers (audience), and that, even during times of peace, political communication frequentlyincorporates conflict or war terminology. Given the potential for individual and intergroup violence(actual or latent) due to the diverse nature of the population and South Africa’s historical legacies,there is a need to address peace-communication concerns on a continuous basis. This article isbased on a review of seminal literature in the field and also on the discussion and findings of around table conducted at the University of Johannesburg on 27 and 28 October 2011 with a numberof South African academics and representatives of national media-monitoring organisations.

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GALTUNG, Johan. "The Task of Peace Journalism". Ethical Perspectives 7, nr 2 (1.09.2000): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ep.7.2.503802.

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Shinar, Dov. "Can Peace Journalism Make Progress?" International Communication Gazette 71, nr 6 (16.09.2009): 451–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048509339786.

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Fawcett, Liz. "Why Peace Journalism Isn't News". Journalism Studies 3, nr 2 (styczeń 2002): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616700220129982.

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McGoldrick, Annabel, i Jake Lynch. "Audience Responses to Peace Journalism". Journalism Studies 17, nr 5 (18.12.2014): 628–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1461670x.2014.992621.

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Nadhiroh, Nadhiroh, i Mami Eva Novayani. "Teori Pers Islam dalam Etika Jurnalistik Islami (Kajian Ayat-ayat Suci Alquran sebagai Pedoman Jurnalisme Damai)". Lisyabab : Jurnal Studi Islam dan Sosial 3, nr 1 (30.06.2022): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.58326/jurnallisyabab.v3i1.117.

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A This article examines the formulation of Islamic Press Theory in Islamic Journalistic Ethics. The rules in carrying out journalistic duties cannot be separated from Islamic teachings that are guided by the Koran. The scope of is limited to the study of the Holy Qur'anic verses that can be used as a guide for peace journalism. So far, some academics and members of the Muslim press have used western press theory in scientific studies and guidelines for carrying out journalistic duties. The purpose of this study is to examine the verses of the Holy Qur'an related to the principles of peace journalism. In addition, this study is expected to add insight into the guidelines for peace journalism that exist in Islam and can be applied in carrying out the duties of press personnel. The researcher uses a qualitative content analysis approach to examine some of the holy verses of the Koran related to Islamic journalistic ethics to be used as guidelines in journalism. peace. Researchers also use supporting documents from books, journals and internet sources. The results of the study indicate that the formulation of Islamic Press Theory needs to be continuously socialized in various activities, both lectures or journalistic training, especially on Islamic campuses. In the Qur'an there are several holy Qur'anic verses that can be used as guidelines in carrying out peace journalism. Some of the verses of the Koran are Al Hujurat [49]: 1-13 Al Ahzab [33]: 70 Al Nur [24]: 19.

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Hackett, Robert A. "Can Peace Journalism be transposed to Climate Crisis journalism?" Pacific Journalism Review 23, nr 1 (21.07.2017): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v23i1.100.

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This commentary briefly outlines characteristics of Peace Journalism (PJ), and then summarises ways that PJ could inspire justice and crisis-oriented climate journalism, including ethical moorings, audience orientation, journalism practices, self-reflexivity and scepticism of the practices of ‘objectivity’. While there are also important disjunctures between them, particularly around advocacy, partisanship and conflict escalation, both paradigms have liberal and radical variants. The author concludes with a note on structural media change as a corequisite of either paradigm’s implementation.

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Lynch, Jake, Annabel McGoldrick i James Heathers. "Psychophysiological audience responses to war journalism and peace journalism". Global Media and Communication 11, nr 3 (23.09.2015): 201–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742766515606295.

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Hussain, Shabbir. "United Nation’s Media Reporting of Peacekeeping Operations on Syrian Conflict: Perspective of Peace Journalism". International Journal of Crisis Communication 1, nr 1 (3.08.2017): 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31907/2617-121x.2017.01.01.07.

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This study examines the coverage of the Taliban conflict in four leading national newspapers of Pakistan from January 2014 to July 2014 from war and peace journalism perspective. The theoretical framework for this research is determined by peace journalism and framing theories, while the sample was selected by applying the systematic random sampling method. The findings, based on a content analysis of 821 stories from the four newspapers, indicate that the Pakistani media are inclined more towards war journalism framing than peace journalism framing in their coverage of the Taliban conflict. The two Urdu dailies namely Nawa-i-Waqt and Express have a stronger preference for war than peace compared to the two English dailies namely Dawn and The News International. Consistent with the existing peace journalism scholarship, the findings of this study also show that the newspapers not only toed and supported the official version on this home-grown conflict but also marginalized and undermined alternative voices calling for a peaceful resolution of this years-long conflict. Keywords: War on terror, conflict coverage, peace journalism, national security, propaganda.

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Hussain, Shabbir. "Analysis of Pakistan Print Media Narrative on the War on Terror". International Journal of Crisis Communication 1, nr 1 (3.08.2017): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31907/2617-121x.2017.01.01.06.

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This study examines the coverage of the Taliban conflict in four leading national newspapers of Pakistan from January 2014 to July 2014 from war and peace journalism perspective. The theoretical framework for this research is determined by peace journalism and framing theories, while the sample was selected by applying the systematic random sampling method. The findings, based on a content analysis of 821 stories from the four newspapers, indicate that the Pakistani media are inclined more towards war journalism framing than peace journalism framing in their coverage of the Taliban conflict. The two Urdu dailies namely Nawa-i-Waqt and Express have a stronger preference for war than peace compared to the two English dailies namely Dawn and The News International. Consistent with the existing peace journalism scholarship, the findings of this study also show that the newspapers not only toed and supported the official version on this home-grown conflict but also marginalized and undermined alternative voices calling for a peaceful resolution of this years-long conflict. Keywords: War on terror, conflict coverage, peace journalism, national security, propaganda.

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Bastian, Mariella, Mykola Makhortykh i Tom Dobber. "News personalization for peace: how algorithmic recommendations can impact conflict coverage". International Journal of Conflict Management 30, nr 3 (10.06.2019): 309–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-02-2019-0032.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework for assessing what are the possibilities and pitfalls of using algorithmic systems of news personalization – i.e. the tailoring of individualized news feeds based on users’ information preferences – for constructive conflict coverage in the context of peace journalism, a journalistic paradigm calling for more diversified and creative war reporting.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides a critical review of existing research on peace journalism and algorithmic news personalization, and analyzes the intersections between the two concepts. Specifically, it identifies recurring pitfalls of peace journalism based on empirical research on constructive conflict coverage and then introduces a conceptual framework for analyzing to what degree these pitfalls can be mediated – or worsened – through algorithmic system design.FindingsThe findings suggest that AI-driven distribution technologies can facilitate constructive war reporting, in particular by countering the effects of journalists’ self-censorship and by diversifying conflict coverage. The implementation of these goals, however, depends on multiple system design solutions, thus resonating with current calls for more responsible and value-sensitive algorithmic design in the domain of news media. Additionally, our observations emphasize the importance of developing new algorithmic literacies among journalists both to realize the positive potential of AI for promoting peace and to increase the awareness of possible negative impacts of new systems of content distribution.Originality/valueThe article particle is the first to provide a comprehensive conceptualization of the impact of new content distribution techniques on constructive conflict coverage in the context of peace journalism. It also offers a novel conceptual framing for assessing the impact of algorithmic news personalization on reporting traumatic and polarizing events, such as wars and violence.

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Rodny-Gumede, Ylva. "Awareness towards Peace Journalism among Foreign Correspondents in Africa". Media and Communication 4, nr 1 (18.02.2016): 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v4i1.365.

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Much has been said about the news media’s role in instigating war, conflict and violence. Less attention has been paid to the news media’s role in mitigating conflict. Criticism has been directed towards the ways in which journalists and war correspondents cover conflict with an emphasis on violence, suffering, polarization of the views of main stakeholders, and over-simplification of the underlying causes of conflict. The growing literature and scholarship around Peace Journalism stands as a response to this. In the context of the African continent, further critique has been levelled against frames and narratives of war, conflict and violence grounded in Western epistemologies and dominant discourses of African conflicts and stakeholders. Based on data collected from interviews with a selected group of journalists working on—and covering—the African continent, the article assesses awareness towards alternative narratives and news frames, as well as attitudes towards alternative practices and models for journalism. Particular attention is paid to ideas and responses regarding Peace Journalism as an alternative model for reporting.

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AWAIS, AHMAD, i ISLAM JAHIDUL. "PEACE JOURNALISM VERSUS EMBEDDED JOURNALISM IN PAKISTAN WITH A DETAILED HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE". Quantum Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 1, nr 3 (6.08.2020): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.55197/qjssh.v1i3.18.

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Announcing “war on terrorism” by United States had dire consequences upon independent Pakistani journalists. Pakistan army has carried out several military operations against local and foreign militants those expected to be hidden in these regions. During these operations journalists were restricted from objective and free coverage and therefore they remained embedded with military in FATA. The embedding process created by the Pentagon and implemented for the first time in Iraq, was highly criticized by American citizens for not showing real casualties in Iraq war. Similarly, Pakistani journalists experienced this practice of being embedded in FATA after 9/11 attacks and the coverage went pro-military where civilian casualties were misrepresented. On one side this practice was praised by some journalists for their security and protection while on the other side it was highly criticized by public for violation of human rights. The method of analysis of choice was descriptive and explanatory. For the purpose different journals, research articles, existence literature and books were consulted. This paper shows that in the present age of media galore conflicts are viewed not just from the opposing parties ‘perspective but media is also considered a party to the conflicts. Moreover, the paper finds that it becomes very difficult for a journalist to report independently while staying 24/7 with an army unit in a conflict zone. And if they go against the commandments of army they could be killed, and nobody would report this big tragedy. By considering the above facts it has become crystal clear that media portrayals of conflict all over the world including Pakistan have seen major concern to media professionals, combatants and public.

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Toni, Hariya, i Intan Kurnia Syaputri. "Peace Journalism not Alive? (menganalisis peran media terhadap pemberitaan peace journalism pada konflik PT. Freeport di Papua)". Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi 5, nr 1 (31.05.2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.29240/jdk.v5i1.1608.

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Media memiliki potensi untuk memainkan peran dalammembantu menentukan perdamaian konflik dan resolusi konflik atau membina ketegangan dalam konflik. Paper ini bercerita tentang bagaimana peran media dalam konflik, khusunya mengintegrasikan praktik peace journalism pada konflik PT. Freeport di Papua, apakah peace journalism itu sudah diterapkan ataukah pemberitaan yang ada malah mengarah kepada war journalism. Pembahasan pada paper ini dimulai dari mengkaji konsep konflik, makna perdamaian dan peace journalism, wacana media tentang perdamaian serta resolusi konflik dan tranformasi media. Dari analisis yang telah dilakukan, dapat ditarik kesimpulan beberapa media online belum dapat mewujudkan peace journlism atau membuat pemberitaan konflik yang damai. Pemberitaan yang menyangkut konflik PT. Freeport di Papua media cenderung membawa perannya sebagai issue intensifier. Framing dan agenda setting yang dibuat media cenderung berorientasi kepada kekerasan, hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa peace journalism belumlah hidup dalam pemberitaan konflik. Media tidak bisa terbebas dari penyajian pemberitaan konflik yang selalu melibatkan ada pihak yang ‘menang’ dan ‘kalah’ karena pada dasarnya media berupaya untuk “menjual” pemberitaan konflik tersebut.

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Hanitzsch, Thomas. "Journalists as peacekeeping force? Peace journalism and mass communication theory". Journalism Studies 5, nr 4 (listopad 2004): 483–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616700412331296419.

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Hussain, Shabir, i Syed Abdul Siraj. "Coverage of Taliban conflict in the Pak–Afghan press: A comparative analysis". International Communication Gazette 81, nr 4 (12.12.2018): 305–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048518817649.

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This study offers a quantitative analysis of the coverage of Taliban conflict in the four leading newspapers of Pakistan and Afghanistan through the perspective of war and peace journalism—developed by Johan Galtung and adopted by many scholars. Consistent with the existing literature, the researcher found that both the English and vernacular press in the two countries predominantly reported the Taliban conflict through war journalism framing. The local press was equally escalatory while reporting on the conflict. The press in the two countries showed remarkable differences in the war journalism framing but applied similar thematic strategies of peace journalism. The study advocates an academic juncture between political communication and peace journalism scholarship to identify the issues that influence media content during conflict times for better understanding of the potential role of media in peace and conflict resolution.

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Tehranian, Majid. "Peace Journalism: Negotiating Global Media Ethics". Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics 7, nr 2 (1.04.2002): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108118002129172557.

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Youngblood, Steven. "Lessons for Peace Journalism from Cameroon". Peace Review 29, nr 4 (2.10.2017): 434–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402659.2017.1381502.

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Youngblood, Steven. "Kenyan Media Test Peace Journalism Principles". Peace Review 29, nr 4 (2.10.2017): 440–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402659.2017.1381503.

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Ersoy, Metin. "Implementing Peace Journalism in the Media". Peace Review 29, nr 4 (2.10.2017): 458–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402659.2017.1381514.

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Blizzard, Emily. "Peace Journalism in Palestine's BDS Campaign". Peace Review 29, nr 4 (2.10.2017): 467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402659.2017.1381516.

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Lynch, Jake. "Peace journalism: Theoretical and methodological developments". Global Media and Communication 11, nr 3 (3.11.2015): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742766515606297.

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Jan, Inamullah, i Shabir Hussain. "Media, War and Peace: Towards Peace Journalism Strategies in Pakistan". Global Regional Review V, nr I (30.03.2020): 340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(v-i).37.

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In this article, the researchers have examined various factors that affect reporting of two deadly conflicts in Pakistan and identify peace-oriented strategies to help resolve these conflicts. For this purpose, comprehensive and inclusive interviews were conducted with reporters covering the Taliban conflict and the ethno-political conflict in Karachi. The researchers found that the nature of a conflict and threats from conflict stakeholders were the important factors that shape the production of conflict news. As far as peace journalism strategies are concerned, it was found that a more contextual way of reporting alongside humanization those sufferers would facilitate broader understanding and resolution of these conflicts in Pakistan.

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Dr. Bakht Rawan i Syed Inam ur Rahman. "Comparative Frame Analysis of Coverage of Kashmir Conflict in Indian and Pakistani Newspapers from War/Peace Journalism Perspective". sjesr 3, nr 2 (28.06.2020): 338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol3-iss2-2020(338-345).

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The study analyzes press coverage of Kashmir conflict in Indian and Pakistani leading English newspapers from war/peace journalism perspective. The results show that print media of both the countries were more war-oriented than peace. They were following respective national policies in reporting the Kashmir conflict. War journalism indicators in the coverage of the conflict had outnumbered the peace-journalism indicators. The results confirm previous research studies’ findings regarding the role (negative) of national media in de-escalation of inter-state conflicts. It indicates that conventional media prioritizes coverage of possible conflict scenario in war frames and ignores peace approaches and hence fuels the conflicts further.

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Mahmood, Tahir, Sumera Khalid i Urwah Iftikhar. "Coverage of Cross Border Terrorism by Op-Ed of Global Press: A War and Peace Journalism Perspective". Global Political Review IV, nr I (30.03.2019): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2019(iv-i).02.

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This study is a content analysis of Op-rd from US, Chinese, Indian and Pakistani press. It is based on the war journalism frame and peace journalism frame devised by John Galtung. Convenient sampling method was used and each paragraph was taken as a unit of analysis. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 20.0. The study checked the overall inclination of a countrys press with the perspective of war and peace journalism. The study analyzed the data from three year and found the significant results. It was observed that press of almost all countries are doing war journalism in sizeable measure. The global press has given stories with a war journalism frame in more quantity than the peace journalism. The study found that global press has given notable importance to the issue of terrorism between India and Pakistan. The statistical analysis and ChiSquare test of the data also gave significant results.

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Hussain, Shabbir, i Jake Lynch. "Identifying peace-oriented media strategies for deadly conflicts in Pakistan". Information Development 35, nr 5 (18.06.2018): 703–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266666918784122.

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This paper investigates the existing journalistic practices in three deadly conflicts in Pakistan and also proposes corrective peace-oriented media strategies. Based on semi-structured interviews with journalists, analysts and stakeholders involved in the religiously inspired Taliban conflict, separatist-led Balochistan conflict and the ethno-political conflict in Karachi, six strategies have been identified. These include highlighting the problems of sufferers and contextualization of the Taliban conflict; inclusion of multi-perspectives and highlighting the voices of peacemakers in the Balochistan conflict; humanization and solution-oriented coverage of the ethno-political conflict in Karachi. While the journalists agreed these strategies were very much in line with their professional duties, the analysts and stakeholders hoped the proposed journalistic practices would lead to better understanding and facilitate resolution of the three conflicts. Based on the findings of this article, the researchers advocate a pragmatic form of peace journalism that reflects the ground realities as compared to the more critical form of peace journalism that becomes difficult to be practiced in conflict scenarios.

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Lynch, Jake. "Reframing South African TV news as peace journalism". Communicare: Journal for Communication Studies in Africa 31, nr 2 (10.11.2022): 78–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v31i2.2083.

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This article presents an indicative sample from the results of an experiment that gatheredaudience responses to television news that was coded as “war journalism” and “peacejournalism” respectively, in South Africa, during April 2012. From the peace journalism model,evaluative criteria were derived under a set of five headings for content analysis of two televisionnews programmes and four newspapers. Distinctions under the headings were particularisedfor individual stories by critical discourse analysis to disclose potential sources of influencetransmitted into audience frames. The test material was then coded to fall within the upper andlower peace journalism quartiles of the ‘idiom and range’ of journalism, as currently practised,demonstrated by the content analysis. Transcripts of discussions by focus groups who saw thematerial, as well as written notes made whilst viewing by a larger sample of participants, werethemed according to Entman’s model of framing (1993), where causal interpretation is linked totreatment recommendation. From these interim findings, peace journalism proved to be ideationalin the sense that peace journalism viewers were more likely to perceive structural and/or systemicexplanations for problems, and more likely to see opportunities for therapeutic and/or cooperativeremedies to be applied through exertions of political agency from different levels.

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Din, Jamal Ud, Muhammad Ahmed Qadri i Root ul Amin Khan. "Indo-Pak Media Approach towards Peace and War Journalism during the Policy Crisis: Analyzing the Coverage of Pulwama Attack and Balakot Air-Strike in daily Dawn and The Hindu". Review of Applied Management and Social Sciences 4, nr 2 (5.06.2021): 421–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/ramss.v4i2.143.

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This study contently examines the media coverage of Pulwama attack and Balakot air strike in daily Dawn and The Hindu, wherein the total 162 news stories on both the selected issues were thoroughly analyzed in the broader perspective of peace journalism. Supporting the core theoretical assumptions of indexing theory [media follow the guidelines of elites] and policy-media interaction model [media tow the government’s policy line], the Indo-Pak media employ, to some extent, peace journalism, especially at the time of policy crisis. However, the study shows mixed results as the Indian newspaper, owing to prevailing political environment in India, was more inclined towards war journalism 38.8% as compare to the war-oriented 12.2% coverage in daily Dawn. On other hand, the findings indicate high level of tendency in daily Dawn i.e. 53.7% towards peace journalism, comparing with 23.8% peace-oriented coverage in daily The Hindu.

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Fahmy, Shahira, i Rico Neumann. "Shooting War Or Peace Photographs? An Examination of Newswires’ Coverage of the Conflict in Gaza (2008-2009)". American Behavioral Scientist 56, nr 2 (19.09.2011): NP1—NP26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764211419355.

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According to Galtung, a peace journalism frame is one that highlights peace initiatives and tones down differences by promoting conflict resolution. A war journalism frame, in his view, is one that highlights differences between opposing parties, urging violence as means to a resolution. Thus, based on the above classification of these two competing frames of war coverage, this is one of the first studies to empirically test the model via a visual quantitative analysis. Using news photographs, this study analyzes the extent to which the Gaza War (2008-2009) was represented as war versus peace journalism in the three leading Western newswires (Associated Press, Reuters, and AFP/Getty Images). Findings indicate that all three wires combined provided a variety of visual frames to communicate a comprehensive coverage of the event. This observed pattern therefore highlights the role of gatekeeping in providing a broad-based understanding of conflicts. In other words, it becomes crucial to note that photo selections in terms of war versus peace journalism ultimately has an impact in shaping public opinion and influencing perceptions of news events. Furthermore, from a theoretical standpoint, this work expands the classification of war versus peace journalism by operationalizing these frames into concrete pictorial patterns from a visual communication perspective.

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