Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / PCDFs

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „PCDFs”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 20 lutego 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "PCDFs"

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Skene, S. A., I. C. Dewhurst i M. Greenberg. "Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans: The Risks to Human Health. A Review". Human Toxicology 8, nr 3 (maj 1989): 173–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032718900800301.

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1 PCDDs and PCDFs are ubiquitous and persistent in the environment. They are to be found in body tissues of both humans and animals. 2 The most extensively studied PCDD is 2,3,7,8-TCDD. It has been shown to produce a wide range of effects and is considered to be a (non-genotoxic) carcinogen in animals. 3 Studies into the mechanisms of toxicity so far reveal that there is involvement of a specific receptor (Ah), however further work is required to elucidate the mechanisms of the various effects. 4 Reports on a number of human exposures to PCDDs and PCDFs are described. Results from human epidemiological studies are difficult to interpret: there have been problems in methodology; there has been inadequate information on intake, and exposures have often been to mixtures of PCDDs and/or PCDFs together with other related compounds. 5 Many regulatory authorities faced with the problem of providing an index of risk from exposure to mixtures of PCDDs and PCDFs have employed the concept of 'TCDD equivalents'. 6 Whether or not PCDDs and PCDFs pose a significant human health risk at current levels of exposure they remain of considerable interest to the toxicologist.
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Guitart, Raimon, Lars Nørgaard, Giulio Mariani, Manuel Posada, Ignacio Abaitúa, Emilio Gelpi i Roberto Fanelli. "Analysis of Polychlorinated Dioxins and Furans in Samples of the Toxic Oil Syndrome". Human & Experimental Toxicology 12, nr 4 (lipiec 1993): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719301200403.

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1 Polychlorinated dioxins (PCDDs) and furans (PCDFs) are known to produce a wide range of toxic effects. 2 PCDDs and PCDFs are typical contaminants of chlorinated phenols, and pentachlorophenol and related compounds have been shown to be widely distributed among selected oil samples taken from the 1981 Spanish toxic oil epidemic. 3 Six control and eight case oil samples were analysed using GC/MS for PCDDs and PCDFs. Only small concentrations, normally below 1 ng g-1, of the higher chlorinated PCDDs and PCDFs were detected. There were no statistical differences between the case and control oils. 4 These levels seem to be too low to elicit toxic effects, although they could be enough to potentiate the toxicity of other xenobiotics present in the oils. However, it is uncertain whether the levels of these compounds measured in 1990 reflect the levels present when the oils were consumed in 1981, or whether or not the levels measured in crude oils are representative of fried oils.
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Jeon, Sang Eun, Sang Won Lee, Kyung Sik Choi, Jae Cheon You, Dong Ho Moon, Chang Jae Lee, Yong Youl Hwang, Tae Woong Hwang i Chang Han Joo. "Pcdd/Fs Concentrations in Blood of Male Chemists Working for Dioxin Analysis". Key Engineering Materials 277-279 (styczeń 2005): 548–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.277-279.548.

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The level of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) concentration in blood of 4 chemists conducting dioxin analysis at a laboratory was estimated. The level of PCDDF/s concentration ranged from 4.48 pg I-TEQ/g-fat to 8.17 pg ITEQ/ g-fat (mean level : 6.19 pg I-TEQ/g-fat, median level : 6.07 pg I-TEQ/g-fat, standard deviation in this study : 1.51 pg I-TEQ/g-fat). The level of PCDD/Fs in bloods of the chemists in this study is not higher compared with other studies in Korea. The portion of PCDFs to the total PCDD/F I-TEQ concentration in this study was found to be over 80%. This is not the case in other countries where the portion of PCDDs to the total TEQ in blood was generally much higher than that of PCDFs. In Korea, the portion of PCDFs to the total PCDD/F I TEQ concentration in food was higher than that of PCDDs. In other countries, the portion of PCDFs was relatively lower. It is considered that the portion of PCDFs in blood has interrelation with that of PCDFs in food in both Korea and other countries.
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Marklund, Stellan, Gunilla Söderstrom, Karin Ljung, Christoffer Rappe, Michael Kraft i Hanspaul Hagenmaier. "Parallel Sampling for Dioxins Using Various Sampling Techniques At a Swedish Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator". Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 10, nr 1 (styczeń 1992): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x9201000104.

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Parallel sampling was carried out in a Swedish municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerator, on two consecutive days, with five different sampling techniques. The samples were analysed for chlorinated dioxins (PCDDs) and chlorodibenzofurans (PCDFS) at two laboratories, one in Sweden and the other in Germany. Two different spiking protocols were used, both including pre-sampling or clean-up spikes from each homolog group of the tetra to octa CDDs and CDFs. Comparable results were obtained for all five sampling methods for the emission data and the recoveries for all pre-sampling spikes were above 50%. The agreement between the two laboratories was good. The different sampling methods resulted in very similar congener distributions (congener profiles) or isomer distributions (isomer patterns). However, the sampling techniques differ considerably in the distribution of PCDDs/PCDFs in various sampling compartments, The sampling techniques where large contribution of PCDDs and PCDFs could be found in the wash solvent may suffer from losses and/or cross-contamination problems unless the washing is carried out properly. The use of a cooled probe in combination with an adsorption (polyurethane foam plug) or absorption (ethoxyethanol) trap, where the main portion of the PCDDs and PCDFs were found in the condensate, is considered as a convenient and efficient sampling technique.
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Eljarrat, Ethel. "Effects of Sewage Sludges Contaminated with Chlorinated Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Sludge-Treated Areas (Soils and Sediments)". Scientific World JOURNAL 2 (2002): 1729–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.880.

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The fate of PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs in sewage sludges after different management techniques — such as agricultural application, land restoration, and marine disposal — was studied. Changes observed in the concentrations, in the ratio between PCDD and PCDF levels, and in the isomeric distribution suggest the influence of the sewage sludge on the sludge-treated areas (soils and sediments). Whereas land application techniques seem to produce no serious environmental consequences, marine disposal practices produce considerable increases in the levels of contamination in marine sediments.
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Firestone, David. "Determination of Dioxins and Furans in Foods and Biological Tissues: Review and Update". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 74, nr 2 (1.03.1991): 375–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/74.2.375.

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Abstract Determination of trace residues of polychlorlnated dlbenzo- p-dloxlns and dibenzofurans (PCDDs and PCDFs) In various matrixes Is carried out by a limited number of laboratories In the United States, Canada, and other countries. Current methods for analysis of foods and biological tissues Include a combination of preparation, extraction, cleanup, isolation, determination, and Identity confirmation procedures. Soxhlet, liquid/liquid, solid-phase, and column extraction procedures are used as well as treatment with acid or base before solvent extraction. Cleanup and isolation steps Include sulfuric acid partitioning; adsorption chromatography on Florlsil, silica gel, or alumina; gel permeation chromatography; multistage column chromatography on sulfuric acid silica and alkali silica; carbon column chromatography; and liquid chromatography fractionation with size exclusion, normalphase, and reverse-phase columns. Activated carbon and multistage chromatographic columns are widely used in cleanup schemes. Isomer-speclflc Identification and quantitation of PCDD and PCDF congeners at parts-per-trllllon levels or lower are carried out by high resolution (capillary) gas chromatography (HRGC) and multiple Ion detection mass spectrometry. In addition to chemical methods, bloassay procedures have been recommended (e.g., use of monoclonal antibodies, for immunoassay determination of PCDDs and PCDFs).
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Riddell, Nicole, Bert van Bavel, Ingrid Ericson Jogsten, Robert McCrindle, Alan McAlees, Dave Potter, Colleen Tashiro i Brock Chittim. "Comparative assessment of the chromatographic separation of 2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans using supercritical fluid chromatography and high resolution gas chromatography". Analytical Methods 7, nr 21 (2015): 9245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ay01644d.

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Kitunen, V. H., i M. S. Salkinoja-Salonen. "PCDDs/PCDFs in unbleached pulp". Chemosphere 20, nr 10-12 (styczeń 1990): 1663–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(90)90327-p.

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Simion, Alina, Mitsunori Kakeda, Naoyoshi Egashira, Yoshiharu Mitoma i Cristian Simion. "A direct method for the decontamination of a fly ash amended wet soil, artificially polluted with dioxins". Open Chemistry 10, nr 5 (1.10.2012): 1547–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-012-0066-6.

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AbstractWe report hereby the first method of direct treatment of a wet soil containing toxic polychloroderivatives. Using a system with metallic Ca and 5% Rh fixed on charcoal in methanol, soil samples artificially polluted with fly ash containing polychloro-dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), polychloro-dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (co-PCBs), and having 69.2% to 84.6% moisture content, were successfully treated and decontaminated. This treatment afforded excellent hydrodechlorination yields for the 29 most toxic congeners of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs (98.3% degradation yield based on toxic equivalent quotient — or TEQ) after a 24 h treatment, at room temperature.
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Kunisue, Tatsuya, i Shinsuke Tanabe. "Contamination Status and Toxicological Implications of Persistent Toxic Substances in Avian Species". Journal of Disaster Research 3, nr 3 (1.06.2008): 196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2008.p0196.

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The present study reviewed the contamination status and accumulation features of persistent toxic substances (PTSs), such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), in avian species from Japan and open sea areas. PTSs were detected not only in Japanese coastal and inland birds but also in open sea birds, suggesting global-scale pollution by these contaminants. Higher concentrations of PBDEs were observed in Japanese raptor and omnivore species, while PCB levels in piscivorous birds were notably higher than in other species. Interestingly, relatively high concentrations of dioxins and related compounds (DRCs) such as PCDDs, PCDFs, and dioxin-like PCBs (DL-PCBs) were found in open sea birds, such as albatross species. Toxic equivalents (TEQs) of PCDDs, PCDFs, and DL-PCBs, which were calculated using toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for birds proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO), were greater in albatross eggs than some avian toxicity thresholds, implying possible biochemical alterations by DRCs in albatross embryos. These results indicate that many avian species inhabiting Japan and the open ocean have been exposed to region-specific PTSs that may have put them at risk.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "PCDFs"

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Harrad, Stuart J. "Levels and sources of PCDDs and PCDFs in UK soils". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327955.

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Hess, Philipp. "The determination and environmental significance of planar aromatic compounds in the marine environment". Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388494.

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Gaus, Caroline, i n/a. "Dioxins in the Marine Environment: Sources, Pathways and Fate of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Queensland, Australia". Griffith University. School of Public Health, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030624.144111.

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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans(PCDFs) are two groups of lipophilic, persistent organic pollutants that are produced as by-products of various anthropogenic and industrial processes. Due to their relatively high toxic potencies and potential to bioaccumulate and biomagnify in organisms and through the food chain, the contemporary widespread distribution of these compounds is a concern to the health of the environment, wildlife and humans. This study determined the distribution, pathways and fate of PCDD/Fs in the coastal zone of Queensland, Australia, including the inshore marine environment of the World Heritage Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. This ecosystem supports unique fauna and flora such as the marine herbivorous mammal dugong (Dugong dugon) and its food source, seagrass. Elevated PCDD/Fs were present in soils and sediments along the entire Queensland coastline. Highest concentrations were found in soil from agricultural irrigation drains and in sediments near the mouths of major rivers. Elevated concentrations were associated with rural and urban types of land-use, and PCDD/Fs were present even in locations remote from anthropogenic activities. PCDD/F congener-specific analysis revealed an unusual profile in all samples, dominated by OCDD, with PCDFs present in low concentrations or below the limit of detection. Distinct HxCDD isomer patterns were observed, with the 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD/1,2,3,4,6,7-HxCDD isomer pair dominating the 2,3,7,8-substituted HxCDDs. Similar congener and isomer characteristics were reported in sediments, soil and clay samples from other continents, but could not be attributed to any known source. Possible PCDD/F sources in Queensland were assessed using segmented estuarine sediment cores, for which radiochemical chronologies were established for each depth. Variations of PCDD/F concentrations in the sediment cores over several centuries of depositional history were relatively small. Elevated PCDD levels were still present in sediment slices from the early 17th century. PCDD/F homologue profiles in sediments deposited during the last 350 years were almost identical and correlated well to the characteristic profiles observed in surface sediments and soils from the entire Queensland coastline. These results suggested the presence of an unidentified PCDD source prior to the production of commercial organochlorine products. To investigate the formation of the unusual PCDD/F profiles, congener and isomer specific analyses were undertaken in soils, sediments and dated sediment cores. The results demonstrated that specific transformation processes in the environment have resulted in the observed PCDD profile characteristics. Dechlorination of OCDD was proposed to result in distinct 1,4-pattern characteristics (i.e. formation of isomers chlorinated in the 1,4,6,9-positions). Consequently, the environmental samples do not reflect the signatures of the original source. An alternative hypothesis to natural formation is discussed evaluating these processes and their implications for possible source contributions. This hypothesis explores the potential for the influence of anthropogenic PCDD precursors (e.g. pentachlorophenol) during the 1940s to 1990s. Transport of PCDD/Fs from the land-based source via impacted tributary river systems, and subsequent deposition processes are proposed to result in PCDD/F accumulation in the inshore marine ecosystem. The extent of the sediment PCDD/F contamination governs the concentrations in the extensive inshore marine seagrass meadows of Queensland. Partitioning processes in the sediment-seagrass system lead to increased toxic equivalency (TEQ) in the seagrass, compared to sediment.The relationship between contaminated inshore sediments, seagrass and dugongs were evaluated using six dugong habitat regions along the coastline. PCDD/F body burdens in dugongs are governed by sediment (and seagrass) PCDD/F concentrations in their habitat. High seagrass (and incidental sediment) ingestion rates, selective retention of toxicologically potent congeners and relatively low PCDD/F elimination capacities in dugongs are proposed to result in elevated PCDD/F concentrations and TEQ levels in adult animals. Transfer efficiencies of 4 and 27% of maternal TEQ levels to foetuses and calves (respectively) during gestation and lactation result in relatively high exposure potentials to offspring. Compared to no-observed-adverse-effect-levels in other mammals, and based on the results of this study, a tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 10-24 pg TEQ kg-1 day-1 was estimated for dugongs. The results of the present study found that dugongs from some regions along the coastline of Queensland exceed this TDI by up to 20 fold, suggesting that these populations may be at risk from PCDD/F contamination in their habitat. These results have important implications for the health of the environment, wildlife and humans and were used to develop a conceptual understanding of the sources, pathways and fate of dioxins in Queensland, Australia.
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Gaus, Caroline. "Dioxins in the Marine Environment: Sources, Pathways and Fate of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Queensland, Australia". Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367537.

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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans(PCDFs) are two groups of lipophilic, persistent organic pollutants that are produced as by-products of various anthropogenic and industrial processes. Due to their relatively high toxic potencies and potential to bioaccumulate and biomagnify in organisms and through the food chain, the contemporary widespread distribution of these compounds is a concern to the health of the environment, wildlife and humans. This study determined the distribution, pathways and fate of PCDD/Fs in the coastal zone of Queensland, Australia, including the inshore marine environment of the World Heritage Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. This ecosystem supports unique fauna and flora such as the marine herbivorous mammal dugong (Dugong dugon) and its food source, seagrass. Elevated PCDD/Fs were present in soils and sediments along the entire Queensland coastline. Highest concentrations were found in soil from agricultural irrigation drains and in sediments near the mouths of major rivers. Elevated concentrations were associated with rural and urban types of land-use, and PCDD/Fs were present even in locations remote from anthropogenic activities. PCDD/F congener-specific analysis revealed an unusual profile in all samples, dominated by OCDD, with PCDFs present in low concentrations or below the limit of detection. Distinct HxCDD isomer patterns were observed, with the 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD/1,2,3,4,6,7-HxCDD isomer pair dominating the 2,3,7,8-substituted HxCDDs. Similar congener and isomer characteristics were reported in sediments, soil and clay samples from other continents, but could not be attributed to any known source. Possible PCDD/F sources in Queensland were assessed using segmented estuarine sediment cores, for which radiochemical chronologies were established for each depth. Variations of PCDD/F concentrations in the sediment cores over several centuries of depositional history were relatively small. Elevated PCDD levels were still present in sediment slices from the early 17th century. PCDD/F homologue profiles in sediments deposited during the last 350 years were almost identical and correlated well to the characteristic profiles observed in surface sediments and soils from the entire Queensland coastline. These results suggested the presence of an unidentified PCDD source prior to the production of commercial organochlorine products. To investigate the formation of the unusual PCDD/F profiles, congener and isomer specific analyses were undertaken in soils, sediments and dated sediment cores. The results demonstrated that specific transformation processes in the environment have resulted in the observed PCDD profile characteristics. Dechlorination of OCDD was proposed to result in distinct 1,4-pattern characteristics (i.e. formation of isomers chlorinated in the 1,4,6,9-positions). Consequently, the environmental samples do not reflect the signatures of the original source. An alternative hypothesis to natural formation is discussed evaluating these processes and their implications for possible source contributions. This hypothesis explores the potential for the influence of anthropogenic PCDD precursors (e.g. pentachlorophenol) during the 1940s to 1990s. Transport of PCDD/Fs from the land-based source via impacted tributary river systems, and subsequent deposition processes are proposed to result in PCDD/F accumulation in the inshore marine ecosystem. The extent of the sediment PCDD/F contamination governs the concentrations in the extensive inshore marine seagrass meadows of Queensland. Partitioning processes in the sediment-seagrass system lead to increased toxic equivalency (TEQ) in the seagrass, compared to sediment.The relationship between contaminated inshore sediments, seagrass and dugongs were evaluated using six dugong habitat regions along the coastline. PCDD/F body burdens in dugongs are governed by sediment (and seagrass) PCDD/F concentrations in their habitat. High seagrass (and incidental sediment) ingestion rates, selective retention of toxicologically potent congeners and relatively low PCDD/F elimination capacities in dugongs are proposed to result in elevated PCDD/F concentrations and TEQ levels in adult animals. Transfer efficiencies of 4 and 27% of maternal TEQ levels to foetuses and calves (respectively) during gestation and lactation result in relatively high exposure potentials to offspring. Compared to no-observed-adverse-effect-levels in other mammals, and based on the results of this study, a tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 10-24 pg TEQ kg-1 day-1 was estimated for dugongs. The results of the present study found that dugongs from some regions along the coastline of Queensland exceed this TDI by up to 20 fold, suggesting that these populations may be at risk from PCDD/F contamination in their habitat. These results have important implications for the health of the environment, wildlife and humans and were used to develop a conceptual understanding of the sources, pathways and fate of dioxins in Queensland, Australia.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Public Health
Faculty of Health Sciences
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Del, Rio Gomez Iliana Maria. "Reproductive outcomes in people contaminated by PCBs/PCDFs, organohalogens in the Yucheng accident". Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407767.

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Xu, Weiguang. "Risk assessment of dietary exposure to PCDD/PCDFs, DL-PCBs and NDL-PCBs of Hong Kong residents". HKBU Institutional Repository, 2012. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1407.

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Prange, Joelle, i n/a. "Origin of Dioxins in Queensland: Investigations into the Distribution and Sources of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins in the Queensland Terrestrial Environment". Griffith University. School of Public Health, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040615.161651.

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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) are persistent organic pollutants of global concern as they are persistent, toxic and can biomagnify through the food chain. PCDD/Fs are generally regarded as trace contaminants in a number of chemical products and they are formed as by-products from various industrial, chemical and combustion processes. The pollution with PCDD/Fs occurs with the release of these chemicals into the environment, resulting in the contamination of various compartments including; air, soil, sediment and biota. Studies that have investigated the distribution of PCDD/Fs in the environment suggest that the highest concentrations of these pollutants are found in locations with a history of industrial or chemical PCDD/F sources. Queensland is the north-eastern state of Australia. Queensland has a low population density, few industrial activities and is considered predominantly rural. Therefore it was somewhat surprising that elevated concentrations of PCDD/Fs (in particular the higher chlorinated PCDDs) have been observed in soil and sediments samples collected from various locations along the Queensland coast. The concentrations of PCDDs in Queensland samples were comparable to or higher than concentrations in similar matrices from highly polluted regions elsewhere. To investigate the origin of PCDDs in Queensland, the geographical distribution of PCDD/Fs in topsoil was investigated in the coastal and inland environments to provide information on the potential sources and to estimate the extent of the PCDD contamination. Distinct east-west gradients were detected in topsoil collected from bushland areas across the state with elevated PCDD concentrations confined to the coastal region. Within the coastal region, the contamination could not be associated with specific land uses. In fact, the PCDD/F congener profile was similar in the majority of samples from the coastal region, with a dominance of the higher chlorinated PCDDs (in particular OCDD), whereas PCDFs were low or below the limit of detection. The similarity in the PCDD/F congener profiles in the soils along the coastal region indicated that a source of PCDDs of similar origin has resulted in the contamination of soil extending more than 3000 km and estimations suggest that more than 50 tonnes of OCDD is stored in the topsoil of Queensland.s coastal region. Investigation into the vertical distribution of PCDDs in Queensland coastal soils revealed elevated concentrations of PCDDs, (in particular OCDD) in soils to at least 3.5 m. These results indicated that the extent of the PCDD contamination is significantly greater than anticipated and it was estimated that there is in the order of 3 000 tonnes of OCDD stored in Queensland's coastal soils. The specific PCDD/F congener profile in Queensland coastal soils is unlike known PCDD/F source profiles which led to the suggestion that some yet unidentified formation mechanism may have resulted in the contamination. Potential natural sources of PCDD/Fs, including forest fires, geogenic and biogenic processes were assessed as possible origins for the PCDD contamination in Queensland. Elevated concentrations of PCDDs were detected in the atmosphere during a 'prescribed burn'. This study demonstrated that although forest fires influence atmospheric PCDD/F concentrations substantially, forest fires are not the source of PCDDs in Queensland; rather they are an important mechanism for the redistribution of PCDDs and may have attributed to the widespread PCDD contamination. In this study geological materials (oil shale and kaolin) were analysed as a proxy to assess a geogenic origin of PCDDs. Elevated concentrations of PCDDs were observed in the kaolin samples, however similar and higher concentrations were detected in surface and sub-surface soils, suggesting that specific geogenic formation processes investigated are not the source of PCDDs in Queensland. A preliminary indication for a biogenic origin of PCDDs was identified during the anaerobic incubation of sugarcane irrigation sediments. An increase in the concentration of OCDD in the anaerobic treatment, compared to the control was observed after incubation for 90 days. In these same experiments, a dechlorination of OCDD to lower chlorinated (1,4,6,9-substituted) PCDDs was also observed. Similar transformation processes were observed in other anaerobic environments in Queensland, which led to the suggestion that a biogenic formation of PCDDs (possibly from a precursor) may be responsible for the origin of PCDDs in Queensland.
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Prange, Joelle. "Origin of Dioxins in Queensland: Investigations into the Distribution and Sources of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins in the Queensland Terrestrial Environment". Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367289.

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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) are persistent organic pollutants of global concern as they are persistent, toxic and can biomagnify through the food chain. PCDD/Fs are generally regarded as trace contaminants in a number of chemical products and they are formed as by-products from various industrial, chemical and combustion processes. The pollution with PCDD/Fs occurs with the release of these chemicals into the environment, resulting in the contamination of various compartments including; air, soil, sediment and biota. Studies that have investigated the distribution of PCDD/Fs in the environment suggest that the highest concentrations of these pollutants are found in locations with a history of industrial or chemical PCDD/F sources. Queensland is the north-eastern state of Australia. Queensland has a low population density, few industrial activities and is considered predominantly rural. Therefore it was somewhat surprising that elevated concentrations of PCDD/Fs (in particular the higher chlorinated PCDDs) have been observed in soil and sediments samples collected from various locations along the Queensland coast. The concentrations of PCDDs in Queensland samples were comparable to or higher than concentrations in similar matrices from highly polluted regions elsewhere. To investigate the origin of PCDDs in Queensland, the geographical distribution of PCDD/Fs in topsoil was investigated in the coastal and inland environments to provide information on the potential sources and to estimate the extent of the PCDD contamination. Distinct east-west gradients were detected in topsoil collected from bushland areas across the state with elevated PCDD concentrations confined to the coastal region. Within the coastal region, the contamination could not be associated with specific land uses. In fact, the PCDD/F congener profile was similar in the majority of samples from the coastal region, with a dominance of the higher chlorinated PCDDs (in particular OCDD), whereas PCDFs were low or below the limit of detection. The similarity in the PCDD/F congener profiles in the soils along the coastal region indicated that a source of PCDDs of similar origin has resulted in the contamination of soil extending more than 3000 km and estimations suggest that more than 50 tonnes of OCDD is stored in the topsoil of Queensland.s coastal region. Investigation into the vertical distribution of PCDDs in Queensland coastal soils revealed elevated concentrations of PCDDs, (in particular OCDD) in soils to at least 3.5 m. These results indicated that the extent of the PCDD contamination is significantly greater than anticipated and it was estimated that there is in the order of 3 000 tonnes of OCDD stored in Queensland.s coastal soils. The specific PCDD/F congener profile in Queensland coastal soils is unlike known PCDD/F source profiles which led to the suggestion that some yet unidentified formation mechanism may have resulted in the contamination. Potential natural sources of PCDD/Fs, including forest fires, geogenic and biogenic processes were assessed as possible origins for the PCDD contamination in Queensland. Elevated concentrations of PCDDs were detected in the atmosphere during a 'prescribed burn'. This study demonstrated that although forest fires influence atmospheric PCDD/F concentrations substantially, forest fires are not the source of PCDDs in Queensland; rather they are an important mechanism for the redistribution of PCDDs and may have attributed to the widespread PCDD contamination. In this study geological materials (oil shale and kaolin) were analysed as a proxy to assess a geogenic origin of PCDDs. Elevated concentrations of PCDDs were observed in the kaolin samples, however similar and higher concentrations were detected in surface and sub-surface soils, suggesting that specific geogenic formation processes investigated are not the source of PCDDs in Queensland. A preliminary indication for a biogenic origin of PCDDs was identified during the anaerobic incubation of sugarcane irrigation sediments. An increase in the concentration of OCDD in the anaerobic treatment, compared to the control was observed after incubation for 90 days. In these same experiments, a dechlorination of OCDD to lower chlorinated (1,4,6,9-substituted) PCDDs was also observed. Similar transformation processes were observed in other anaerobic environments in Queensland, which led to the suggestion that a biogenic formation of PCDDs (possibly from a precursor) may be responsible for the origin of PCDDs in Queensland.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Public Health
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Danielsson, Conny. "Trace analysis of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with electron capture detection". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-963.

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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs), two groups of struc-turally related chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons, generally referred to as “dioxins” are of great concern due to their extreme toxicity and presence in all compartments of the environment. Since they occur at very low levels, their analysis is complex and challenging, and there is a need for cost-efficient, reliable and rapid analytical alternatives to the expensive methods in-volving use of gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS). It is im-portant to routinely monitor food and feed items to detect contaminations at an early stage. For the regulation of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in food and feed according to current legis-lation, large numbers of samples have to be analysed. Furthermore, soils at many industrial sites are also contaminated with dioxins and need remediation. In order to optimize the cost-efficiency of reclamation activities it is important to acquire information about the levels and distribution of dioxins in the contaminated areas. The aim of the studies underlying this thesis was to investigate the potential of comprehen-sive two-dimensional gas chromatography with a micro-electron capture detector (GC × GC-µECD) as a cost-effective method for analysing dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in food, feed, fly ash and contaminated soils. Quantification studies of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs were con-ducted and results were compared with GC-HRMS reference data. Generally, there was good agreement between both the congener-specific results and data expressed as total toxic equiva-lents (TEQs). The developed GC × GC-µECD method meets the European Community (EC) requirements for screening methods for control of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in food and feed. The presented results also indicate that GC × GC-µECD has potential to be used as a routine method for the congener-specific analysis of 2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in matrices such as food and feed, fly ash and soil. However, to fully exploit the potential of the GC × GC-µECD technique, it should be combined with a fast and cost-efficient sample preparation procedure. Therefore, a number of certified reference materials (CRMs) were extracted using a new shape-selective pressurized liquid extraction technique with integrated carbon fractionation (PLE-C), and the purified extracts were analysed for PCDD/Fs using GC × GC-µECD. The results compared well with the certified values of a fly ash and a sandy soil CRM, but they were much too high for a com-plex clay soil CRM. It was concluded that this combination of techniques was very promising for screening ash and highly permeable soils. Further assessments and method revisions are still required before GC × GC-µECD can be used on a routine basis, and available software packages need to be refined in order to accelerate the data-handling procedures, which currently restrict the sample throughput.
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Larsson, Daniel. "Mobilisation of soil-bound dioxins at an old sawmill area : Impact of excavation on groundwater levels of PCDF/PCDDs at Norrbyskär". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-124420.

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Książki na temat "PCDFs"

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Harrad, Stuart. Levels and sources of PCDDs and PCDFs in UK soils. Norwich: University of East Anglia, 1989.

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Lee, Anthony. Assessment of PCDDs and PCDFs from PCB transformer and capacitor fires. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory, 1985.

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Sheffield, Arthur. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs): Sources and releases. Ottawa: Environmental Protection Service, 1985.

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Campbell, Beverly. Characterization of PCB transformer/capacitor fluids and correlation with PCDDs and PCDFs in soot. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory, 1987.

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Serdar, Dave. Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins (PCDDS) and Dibenzofurans (PCDFS) in Snake River suspended particulate matter. Olympia, Wash: Washington State Dept. of Ecology, 1997.

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Serdar, Dave. Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins (PCDDs) and Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in Snake River suspended particulate matter. Olympia, Wash: Washington State Dept. of Ecology, 1997.

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Campbell, Beverly. Characterization of PCB transformer/capacitor fluids and correlation with PCDDs and PCDFs in soot. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory, 1987.

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Crosley, Robert W. Environmental contaminants in water and sediments: PCDDs, PCDFs and resin acids, Athabasca River Basin, February to May 1993. Edmonton, Alta: Northern River Basins Study, 1996.

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Ontario. Ministry of the Environment. Hazardous Contaminants Coordination Branch. Scientific Criteria Document For Standard Development no.4-84: Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins (Pcdds) and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (Pcdfs). S.l: s.n, 1985.

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Safe, S., O. Hutzinger i T. A. Hill, red. Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans (PCDDs/PCDFs): Sources and Environmental Impact, Epidemiology, Mechanisms of Action, Health Risks. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70556-4.

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Części książek na temat "PCDFs"

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Safe, S., i O. Hutzinger. "PCDDs and PCDFs: Sources and Environmental Impact". W Environmental Toxin Series, 1–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70556-4_1.

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Bordajandi, Luisa R., Belén Gómara i María José González. "Analysis of Dioxins and Furans (PCDDs and PCDFs) in Food". W Analysis of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Food, 49–73. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118346747.ch3.

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Andersson, Malin, Yngvil Holt i Ola A. Eggen. "Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) in Urban Surface Soil in Norway". W Mapping the Chemical Environment of Urban Areas, 473–86. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470670071.ch27.

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Dudzińska, Marzenna R. "Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins (PCDDs) and Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in Sewage and Sludge of MWTP". W Chemistry for the Protection of the Environment 4, 203–13. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-27448-0_18.

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Das, Saikat, Abhijit Hazra i Priyabrata Banerjee. "PCDD/PCDFs: A Burden from Hospital Waste Disposal Plant; Plasma Arc Gasification Is the Ultimate Solution for Its Mitigation". W Energy Recovery Processes from Wastes, 9–21. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9228-4_2.

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Miyashita, Chihiro. "Environmental Pollution and Recent Data on Asian Children’s Health in Relation to Pre- and Early Post-natal Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants, Including PCBs, PCDD/PCDFs, and Organochlorine Pesticides". W Health Impacts of Developmental Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, 279–300. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0520-1_12.

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Neumann, G., A. Hülster i H. Marschner. "Identifizierung PCDD/PCDF-Mobilisierender Verbindungen in Wurzelexsudaten von Zucchini". W Rhizosphärenprozesse, Umweltstreß und Ökosystemstabilität, 167–75. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-83429-4_20.

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Dudzińska, Marzenna R., i Zdzisław Kozak. "PCDF/D Emission from Waste Utilisation in Cement Kilns". W Thermal Solid Waste Utilisation in Regular and Industrial Facilities, 29–39. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4213-1_4.

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Roth, Rolf, Günther Scholz i H. J. Jürgens. "Process for PCDD and PCDF Removal from Contaminated Soil". W Contaminated Soil ’88, 819–25. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2807-7_129.

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Francis-Jones, Robert J. A. "Design, Fabrication, and Characterisation of PCFs for Photon Pair Generation". W Springer Theses, 67–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64188-1_4.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "PCDFs"

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Hunt, Gary T. "PCDDs/PCDFs in MSW Emissions: Pre and Post Mercury Control — A Comparison of Profiles". W 15th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec15-009.

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In recent years since enactment of the NSPS, carbon injection has significantly reduced mercury emissions from MSW units. What is not well known is that carbon injection has also resulted in further unintentional reductions in PCDDs/PCDFs emissions from MSW emissions. These emissions reductions have taken place on a mass basis as well as a TEF weighted basis. The latter have been more pronounced on a percent reduction basis owing to changes in the PCDDs/PCDFs profile directly attributable to preferential adsorption of selected 2,3,7,8-substituted congeners on activated carbon injected in the gas stream for mercury removal. These lower molecular weight congeners are typically present in the gas phase and contribute more significantly to the TEF weighted sum.
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Gao, Zhengyang, i Peng Ji. "The Reactivities In Different HgCl Substitution Sites Of PCDDs/PCDFs". W 2016 5th International Conference on Environment, Materials, Chemistry and Power Electronics. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emcpe-16.2016.124.

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Urbaniak, Magdalena. "IMPACT OF SLUDGE ORIGINATED PCDDS/PCDFS ON SOIL CONTAMINATION AND SALIX SP. METABOLISM". W 14th SGEM GeoConference on WATER RESOURCES. FOREST, MARINE AND OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b32/s13.023.

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Erm, A., M. Voll, F. Buschmann i O. Roots. "Profiles of Hg, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn, PCDDs, PCDFs and dL-PCB-s in the bottom boundary layer of some North-Estonian coastal areas". W 2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/baltic.2014.6887865.

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Rao, Ramana K., Brian L. Stormwind, Ishrat Chaudhuri i Marcus Garcia. "Multiple Pathway Health Risk Assessment and Multimedia Environmental Monitoring Programs for a Municipal Waste Resource Recovery Facility in Maryland". W 12th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec12-2207.

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Following a 1986 decision by Montgomery County in Maryland to construct a municipal waste resource recovery facility near the town of Dickerson, the local community expressed concern regarding the potential human health effects from air emissions of dioxins and trace metals released through the stack of the proposed facility. To address this concern, the County conducted health risk studies and ambient monitoring programs before and after the facility became operational. The purpose of the health risk studies was to determine potential cancer and non-cancer risks to the nearby residents from the operations of the facility. The purpose of the ambient monitoring programs was to determine if any changes would occur in the ambient levels of certain target chemicals in the environmental media, and if such changes can be attributed to the operations of the facility. Accordingly, the County conducted a multiple pathway health risk assessment in 1989 prior to the construction of the facility. The pre-operational health risk assessment was based on estimated stack engineering parameters and available stack emissions data from municipal waste resource recovery facilities that were operating in the United States, Canada and Europe during the 1980’s. The health risk assessment used established procedures that were accepted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and many state agencies at that time. The Montgomery County Resource Recovery Facility (RRF) became operational in the spring of 1995. The facility is equipped with the state-of-the-art air pollution control (APC) equipment including a dry scrubber-fabric filter baghouse system to control organics and trace metals, ammonia injection system to control nitrogen oxides, and activated carbon injection system to control mercury. In 2003, the County retained ENSR International to update the 1989 health risk assessment study. In the 2003 operational-phase update, as-built engineering data and measured stack emissions data from a total of eighteen quarterly stack emissions tests were used. The study was conducted in accordance with the U.S. EPA’s Human Health Risk Assessment Protocol for Hazardous Waste Combustion Facilities published in 1998 [1], and an Errata, published in 1999 [2]. Both the 1989 study and the 2003 study demonstrated that there is a very low chance (less than one chance in a million) for occurrence of cancer and no adverse non-cancer health effects to the nearby community as a result of exposure to facility-related emissions. The multi-media ambient monitoring programs were conducted in abiotic and biotic environmental media. These programs included an air-monitoring component and a non-air monitoring component. The pre-operational phase of the air media and non-air media monitoring was conducted in 1994–1995. The pre-operational program was designed to produce baseline data for target chemicals in both air and non-air media. The operational-phase air media monitoring was conducted in 1997 and 2003. The operational-phase non-air media monitoring was conducted in 1997 and 2001. Target chemicals monitored in both air and non-air media included polychlorinated dioxins and furans (PCDDs/PCDFs) and selected toxic metals (arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, and nickel). The non-air media included crops, farm pond surface water and fish tissue, and cow’s milk. The ambient levels of target chemicals monitored in the operational phase of the facility (1997, 2001 and 2003) demonstrated no measurable difference from the ambient levels of these chemicals monitored in the pre-operational phase (1994–95) of the facility, in both the air media and non-air media. The results of the health risk studies and ambient monitoring programs demonstrate that municipal waste combustion facilities that are equipped with the state-of-the-art air pollution control equipment pose no significant health risk to the population.
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Haertel, Felipe, Leandro Camargo, João Lopes, Ana Pernas, Jorge Barbosa i Adenauer Yamin. "Projeto Helix: Explorando Social Internet of Things (SIoT) no Atendimento à Pessoas Portadoras de Deficiência Visual". W Seminário Integrado de Software e Hardware. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/semish.2021.15809.

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Neste artigo é proposta uma abordagem, denominada Helix-SIoT, que explora os conceitos da Internet Social das Coisas para suporte às pessoas com deficiência visual (PCDVs). O objetivo é potencializar com o uso de uma SIoT o tratamento dos diferentes sensores envolvidos. Para tanto, a proposta emprega Ciência de Contexto e Decisão baseada em Múltiplos Critérios na gerência das interações envolvendo PCDVs e seus
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Telles, Marcelo Josué, Jorge Luis Victória Barbosa i Rodrigo Da Rosa Righi. "Um Modelo Computacional para Acessibilidade em Cidades Inteligentes". W XII Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas de Informação. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbsi.2016.5953.

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Este artigo apresenta o MASC, que é um modelo computacional para acessibilidade em cidades inteligentes. A utilização da computação ubíqua na área da acessibilidade oportuniza soluções para suporte a pessoas com deficiências (PcDs). Diferente das abordagens propostas, o MASC utiliza as interações das PcDs para composição de trilhas que serão oferecidas como serviço. Além disso é genérico pois suporta diferentes tipos de deficiências e é indicado para aplicações massivas. Foi desenvolvido um protótipo para avaliar desempenho e funcionalidade. Esta avaliação foi realizada com dados gerados por um simulador de contextos em uma região localizada no centro da cidade São Leopoldo - RS. Os resultados apresentados nos testes indicam que os serviços oferecidos pelo modelo podem ser implantados nas cidades inteligentes para colaborar com acessibilidade, auxiliando PcDs, profissionais da saúde e administração pública.
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Santos, Otávio Lube dos, Davidson Cury i Walber Beltrame. "Pensamento Computacional para Surdos: Um Relato de Experiência sobre Acessibilidade no Ensino de Programação". W Workshop de Informática na Escola. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/wie.2022.225195.

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O mercado de trabalho possui programas para acolhimento de Pessoas com Deficiências (PCDs), normalmente associados a benefícios fiscais como estrategia de promoção de inclusão. Pessoas surdas, caracterizadas como PCDs, sao então acolhidas em funções menos rebuscadas, muitas vezes subutilizando competências mais complexas, tais como raciocínio lógico-matemático e até mesmo programação. Este relato tem por objetivo descrever a experiência com o ensino de programação para pessoas surdas, bem como os resultados advindos do trabalho.
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Kimis, Thabata Regina Prosdos, i Nelson Alexandre Paulino. "Mobilidade Autônoma para PCDs". W XXVIII SIMPÓSIO INTERNACIONAL DE ENGENHARIA AUTOMOTIVA. São Paulo: Editora Blucher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/simea2021-pap126.

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Leon-Saval, Sergio G., Tim A. Birks, Agata Witkowska, Ke Lai i William J. Wadsworth. "Post-processing and tapering of PCFs". W 2008 IEEE/LEOS Winter Topical Meeting Series. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/leoswt.2008.4444472.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "PCDFs"

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Lugar, R. M. Results of monitoring for PCDDs and PCDFs in ambient air at McMurdo Station, Antarctica. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), wrzesień 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10192134.

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Sutton, Jacob O. FIBER LASER CONSTRUCTION AND THEORY INCLUDING FIBER BRAGG GRATINGS Photonic Crystal Fibers (PCFs) and applications of gas filled PCFs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzec 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1346829.

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Fishbaugher, M. J. PCDAS Version 2. 2: Remote network control and data acquisition. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), wrzesień 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6266270.

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