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1
RAWAT, URVASHI. "INFRARED AND VISIBLE IMAGE FUSION USING HYBRID LWT AND PCA METHOD". Thesis, DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/18907.
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Image fusion is a method in which all the relevant information is collected from the input source
images and included in few/single output image. Image fusion techniques are divided into two broad
categories: spatial domain and transform domain. Principal component analysis (PCA) is a spatial
domain technique which is computationally simpler and reduces redundant information but has the
demerit of spectral degradation. Lifting wavelet transform (LWT) is a transform domain technique
which has an adaptive design and demands less memory. In this project, a novel hybrid fusion
algorithm has been introduced which combines the LWT and PCA in a parallel manner. These two
fusion methods are applied on Infrared and Visible image data set. Infrared and visible images
contain complementary information and their fusion gives us an output image which is more
informative than the individual source images. The hybrid method is also compared with
conventional fusion techniques like PCA, LWT and DWT. It has been shown that the proposed
method outperforms the conventional methods. The results are analyzed using performance
parameters standard deviation, average value, the average difference, and normalized cross-
correlation.
2
Strakoš, Libor. "Využití EEG ve vyhodnocování emocionálních stavů člověka". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241968.
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This thesis is focused on EEG processing and emotion classification within two-dimensional emotion space. First part consists of theoretical research about emotional responses of human subjects on sound, image and video stimuli. Emotions are examined from aspect of physiology and psychology. Furthermore technical overview of measurement, analysis and emotion classification within two-dimensional emotional space is discussed. Based on gathered knowledge measurement setup with audiovisual stimuli was designed and measured with two independent instruments – EGI GES400MR in laboratory conditions and Emotiv EPOC device in non-laboratory conditions. Signals were processed and emotions were classified based on chosen features. Performance of classifiers in multiple feature selection setups was evaluated.
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Štens, Radovan. "Analýza obrazových dat funkční magnetické rezonance (fMRI)". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-375489.
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Master's thesis focuses on processing fMRI data, which are mapping blood oxygenation level dependence in a state of brain activity. Usable and necessarily preprocessing tech- niques of the data, together with two main analysis approaches are introduced. The area of univariate methods, especially general linear model and multivariate principal or independent component analysis is explained. Practical application of the methods involved on the real fMRI data set is implemented. Relevant results as well as theirs mutual possible comparison is presented.
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Roset, Cazalda Mª Lourdes. "Estudi de la utilització dels mapes de potencial electrostàtic i de polarització com a descriptors moleculars". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/51884.
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La Ingeniería molecular se basa en el conocimiento de las características estereoelectrónicas que definen el
reconocimiento molecular, que es el resultado de una complementariedad, tanto geométrica como electrónica, entre
diferentes entidades moleculares. La importancia de las diferentes contribuciones electrostáticas nos permite realizar un
estudio teórico de predicción de la reactividad y otras propiedades moleculares a partir de cálculos de potencial
electrostático y de polarización moleculares. El presente trabajo se basa en el estudio de la utilización de los mapas de
potencial electrostático y de potencial de polarización como descriptores moleculares.
En primer lugar se realiza un estudio del efecto de la base y de la metodología empleada en el cálculo de propiedades
eléctricas de primer y segundo orden. El análisis se lleva a cabo con las moléculas de cianuro de hidrógeno, formaldehído y
urea. Las bases utilizadas son del tipo doble zeta estándar, a las cuales se han añadido funciones de polarización y
difusas. En particular, se han utilizado la base doble zeta 6-31G(d), les bases doble zeta aumentadas con uno o dos
conjuntos de funciones de polarización : 6-31G(d,p) , 6-31G(2d,2p) y también se ha utilizado la base 6-311G++(2d,2p), que
incluye funciones difusas. Los diferentes niveles de cálculo utilizan metodologías Hartree-Fock, MÆller-Plesset de
segundo y cuarto orden y teoría del funcional de la densidad (DFT) : SCF, MP2, MP4, BLYP i B3LYP. Se analiza el efecto de
los diferentes conjuntos de base a la contribución de la polarización a la energía de interacción, calculando para cada
sistema propiedades de primer orden, como son los momentos dipolares y los momentos cuadrupolares, y propiedades
de segundo orden, como la polarizabilidad y hiperpolarizabilidad moleculares.
Seguidamente se evalúa el efecto de la base y el método de cálculo en la obtención de potenciales electrostáticos y de
polarización moleculares. Se realiza un estudio comparativo de los mapas calculados con diferentes bases y metodologías,
en concreto un estudio de la distribución espacial y un análisis de correlación entre las diferentes bases y metodologías.
Un análisis de los mapas de polarización molecular a partir del cálculo de las diferencias de polarización relativas y las
desviaciones estándar correspondientes nos permite un estudio comparativo de las diferentes metodologías y bases
utilizadas. En particular se realiza un análisis comparativo entre diferentes métodos de cálculo con la base
6-311G++(2d,2p), tomando como referencia el cálculo MP4.
Finalmente, se utilizan los mapas de potencial electrostático, de polarización y de interacción para el análisis de las
características de reconocimiento molecular de un conjunto de compuestos bioactivos, a fin de analizar la importancia de la
contribución de la polarización. Por este motivo, se elige para el estudio un conjunto de moléculas con una alta
polarizabilidad, y en concreto, dos familias de compuestos con abundantes átomos de cloro y con una actividad tóxica
definida, que forman parte de los grupos de dioxinas y furanos. Para ello se realiza el estudio de la inclusión de la
polarización molecular como descriptor en la predicción de la actividad biológica de dioxinas y furanos, realizando el cálculo
de potenciales electrostáticos y de polarización, un análisis de los mapas de potencial, y definiendo las principales zonas
de interacción electrostática y de polarización molecular a partir de cálculos de componentes principales (PCA), así como la
predicción de la actividad biológica en base a un estudio realizado mediante cálculos de mínimos cuadrados parciales
(PLS).Molecular engineering is based on the knowledge of the stereoelectronic features that define the molecular recognition, which is the result of the complementarity of geometric and electronic features between two different molecular entities. The importance of different electrostatic contributions allows us to make a theoretical prediction of molecular properties, from calculations of electrostatic potential and molecular polarization. This work is based on the study of the use of maps of electrostatic potential and polarization potential as molecular descriptors. First there is a study of the effect of the basis set and the methodology used in the calculation of first and second order electrical properties. The analysis was carried out with the molecules of hydrogen cyanide, formaldehyde and urea. The base sets used are the standard double-zeta, to which were added polarization and diffuse functions. In particular, we have used the double zeta basis 6-31G (d), double zeta basis augmented with one or two sets of polarization functions: 6-31G (d, p), 6-31G (2d, 2p) and also used the base 6-311G + + (2d, 2p), which includes diffuse functions. The different levels of calculation methodologies used Hartree-Fock, Moller-Plesset second and fourth order and the theory of density functional (DFT): SCF, MP2, MP4, BLYP B3LYP i. We analyze the effect of different sets based on the contribution of polarization to the interaction energy, calculated for each system of first order properties, such as dipolar moments and quadrupolar moments, and second order properties such as polarizability and molecular hyperpolarizability. Further, the effect of the basis and method on the calculation of the electrostatic potential and molecular polarization potentials is evaluated. For this purpose we performed a comparative study of the maps calculated with different basis sets and methodologies, in particular a study of the spatial distribution and correlation analysis between the different data bases and methodologies was done. An analysis of molecular polarization maps by calculating the differences in polarization and relative standard deviation allows for a comparative study of different methodologies and bases used. Specifically, a comparative analysis between different methods of calculating the base 6-311G + + (2d, 2p), calculated by reference to the MP4 was done. We use maps of electrostatic, polarization and interaction potentials for the analysis of molecular recognition features of a set of bioactive compounds, to discuss the importance of the contribution of polarization. For this reason, we choose to study a set of molecules with high polarizability, specifically, two families of compounds with heavy atoms of chlorine and defined toxic activity, which are part of groups of dioxins and furans. A study of the polarization maps as indicators of biological activity of dioxins and furans, based on the best methodology is done. The inclusion of polarization as a molecular descriptor for predicting biological activity of dioxins and furans was studied from the calculation of electrostatic potentials and polarization, an analysis of the potential maps, and defining the main areas of interaction molecular electrostatic and polarization interaction from calculations of principal components (PCA) and the prediction of biological activity based on a study by calculation of partial least squares (PLS).
5
Šrenk, David. "Vizualizace spektroskopických dat pomocí metody analýzy hlavních komponent". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401532.
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This diploma thesis deals with using laser-induced breakdown plasma spectroscopy for determining the elemental structure of unknown samples. It was necessary to design an appropriate method to qualify material by laser-induced emission spectrum. Pretreatment of data and using a variety of chemometrics methods had to be done in order to qualify the structure of elements. We achieved a required solution by projecting the data to a new PCA space, creating clusters and computing the Euclidean distance between each cluster. The experiment in the practical part was set to detect an interface of two elements. We created a data file simulating the ablation on the interface. This data set was gradually processed applying a mathematical-chemical-physical view. Several data procedures have been compiled: approximation by Lorenz, Gauss and Voigt function and also a pretreatment method such as the detection of outliers, standardization by several procedures and subsequent use of principal components analysis. A summarization of processes for input data is fully described in the thesis.
6
Thieullen, Alexis. "Méthodologie pour la détection de défaillance des procédés de fabrication par ACP : application à la production de dispositifs semi-conducteurs". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4329.
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L'objectif de cette thèse est le développement d'une méthodologie pour la détection de défauts appliquée aux équipements de production de semi-conducteurs. L'approche proposée repose sur l'Analyse en Composantes Principales (ACP) pour construire un modèle représentatif du fonctionnement nominal d'un équipement. Pour cela, notre méthodologie consiste à exploiter l'ensemble des mesures disponibles, collectées via les capteurs internes et externes au cours desopérations de fabrication pour chaque plaque manufacturée. Nous avons développé un module de pré-traitement permettant de transformer les mesures collectées en données interprétables par l'ACP, tout en filtrant l'information considérée comme non-désirable induite par la présence de valeurs aberrantes et perturbant la construction du modèle. Nous avons combiné des extensions de l'ACP linéaire et notamment l'ACP multiway, l'ACP filtrée ainsi que l'ACP récursive, de façon à adapter la modélisation aux caractéristiques des systèmes. L'utilisation d'un filtre par moyenne mobile exponentielle nous permet de considéré la dynamique du système au cours de la réalisation d'une opération. L'ACP récursive est employée pour adapter le modèle aux changements de comportement du système après certains événements (maintenance, redémarrage, etc.).Les différentes méthodes sont illustrées à l'aide de données réelles, collectées sur un équipement actuellement exploité par STMicroelectronics Rousset. Nous proposons également une application plus générale de la méthode pour différents types d'équipement et sur une période plus importante, de façon à montrer l'intérêt industriel et la performance de cette approcheThis thesis focus on developping a fault detection methodology for semiconductor manufacturing equipment. The proposed approach is based on Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to build a representative model of equipment in adequat operating conditions. Our method exploits collected measurements from equipement sensors, for each processed wafer. However, regarding the industrial context and processes, we have to consider additional problems: collected signals from sensors exhibit different length, or durations. This is a limitation considering PCA. We have also to consider synchronization and alignment problems; semiconductor manufacturing equipment are almost dynamic, with strong temporal correlations between sensor measurements all along processes. To solve the first point, we developped a data preprocessing module to transform raw data from sensors into a convenient dataset for PCA application. The interest is to identify outliers data and products, that can affect PCA modelling. This step is based on expert knowledge, statistical analysis, and Dynamic Time Warping, a well-known algorithm from signal processing. To solve the second point, we propose a combination multiway PCA with the use of an EWMA filter to consider process dynamic. A recursive approach is employed to adapt our PCA model to specific events that can occur on equipment, e.g. maintenance, restart, etc.All the steps of our methodology are illustrated with data from a chemical vapor deposition tool exploited in STMicroelectroics Rousset fab. Finally, the efficiency and industrial interest of the proposed methodologies are verified by considering multiple equipment types on longer operating periods
7
Brychta, Jan. "Aplikace pro zpracování dat z oblasti genového inženýrství". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-235899.
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This masters thesis has a few objectives. One of them is to acquaint with the problems of genome engineering, especially with fragmentation of DNA, the macromolecule DNA, the methods for purification and separation of the nucleic acids, the enzymes used for modification of these acids, amplification and get to know with cluster and gradient analysis as well. The next aim is to peruse the existed application and compare it to the layout of the proposed application, that is the third aim. The last one from the objectives is the implementation and the report how was the application tested by the real data. The results will be discussed as well as the possibilities of the further extension.
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Tran, Van Nam. "Adsorption statique de PCB et de DDT sur charbons actifs en milieux aqueux". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10301.
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L’adsorption solide-liquide des PCB et des DDT constitue un moyen efficace pour leur récupération des eaux polluées à condition d’avoir une meilleure connaissance du mécanisme impliqué. Les cinétiques d’adsorption statique ont été principalement réalisées à 25 °C avec le2-PCB, un mélange de tétra-, penta- et hexa-CB et le 4,4’-DDT sur 3 charbons actifs (CA) en poudre différents par le précurseur (houille, bois) et le mode d’activation (H2O, H3PO4) dans l’eau, en présence ou non d’éthanol. Les résultats marquants ont été les suivants : L’adsorption du polluant sur le CA est d’autant plus favorisée que sa solubilité dans la phase liquide est plus faible. Ainsi, l’adsorption du polluant hydrophobe est très augmentée dans l’eau pure. L’adsorption des polluants favorisée par la microporosité développée est essentiellement un phénomène de surface où interviennent les forces de Van der Waals. Une bonne adéquation entre la taille des molécules et la largeur moyenne des pores en forme de fentes montre un confinement maximum des molécules dans la microporosité. L’interaction π−π entre adsorbat et adsorbant, favorisée par le nombre de Cl n’est pas à exclure. Enfin, nous avons montré par la cinétique dans les conditions initiales que l’adsorption y est limitée par le transfert de masse externe. Les modélisations par diffusion superficielle homogène (HSDM), conduisant aux coefficients de diffusion superficielle interne, ont montré que la cinétiqued’adsorption est presque complètement gouvernée par la diffusion intraparticulaireThe solid-liquid adsorption of PCBs and DDT is an effective process for the recuperation of wastewaters but a better understanding of the involved mechanism is required. In this study, the static adsorption kinetics were mainly carried out at 25 ° C for 2-PCB, a mixture of tetra-, penta-and hexa-CB, and 4,4 '-DDT onto three different powdered activated carbons (AC) of the precursor (coal, wood) and the activation mode (H2O, H3PO4) in water, with or without ethanol. The prominent results were as follows: The adsorption of the pollutant on the AC is favored if its solubility in the liquid phase is lower. As a result, the adsorption of the hydrophobic pollutant is significantly increased in pure water. Moreover, the adsorption of pollutants favored by the developed microporosity is a surface phenomenon which involved the Van der Waals forces. A good fit between the size of molecules and the average width of the slit-shape pores gave a maximum confinement of molecules in the micropores. The π−π interaction between adsorbate and adsorbent, favored by the number of Cl, is not excluded. Finally, by studying the kinetics of the initial conditions, we found that the adsorption is limited by the external mass transfer. The internal surface diffusion coefficients estimated from applying the homogeneous surface diffusion models (HSDM) showed that the adsorption kinetics are almost completely governed by the intra-particle diffusion
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Ciro, Guido. "TD-DFT and TD-DFT/PCM approaches to molecular electronic excited states in gas phase and in solution". Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/85797.
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Nechutová, Vendula. "Analýza chemických vazeb ve slitinách pomocí dolování dat". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-402554.
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The thesis deals with aplication of data mining methods for the analysis of two Ni3Si supercells, one with a stable grain boundary and the second one with unstable grain boundary. DOS and COHP curves are examined using selected curve matching methods. The surroundings of the individual atoms are examined by the Voronoi diagram. This information was used to reveal the differences in binding between stable and unstable supercell.
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Legat, Leticiaà Nadine Alves. "Acumulação de compostos organoclorados (PCBs, DDTs e HCB) em tecido hepático de delfinídeos (Cetacea, Mammalia) do Estado do Rio de Janeiro". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2667.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorNo decorrer das últimas décadas a pesquisa relacionada à contaminação de organismos marinhos por compostos organoclorados (OCs) se intensificou aliada à utilização de algumas espécies como sentinelas da qualidade ambiental quanto aos poluentes orgânicos. Dentre essas espécies, podem-se destacar os cetáceos, animais que entre outras características possuem grande longevidade, alta porcentagem lipídica em seus tecidos e são predadores de topo de cadeia trófica, tendendo assim a acumular altos níveis de OCs em seus tecidos. O presente estudo teve por objetivo determinar as concentrações de OCs de origem industrial e agrícola (PCBs, HCB e DDTs) em tecido hepático de oito diferentes espécies de cetáceos delfinídeos pertencentes a três distintas áreas oceânicas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, são elas a região costeira, a plataforma continental e a região oceânica. A determinação foi realizada em cromatógrafo a gás (GC - Agilent 6890) conectado a um espectrômetro de massa (MS - Agilent 5973). Os valores de DDTs (1263617272 ng.g -1 lip.) e PCBs (7648877288 ng.g -1 lip.) aqui encontrados estão entre os mais altos já reportados para o táxon. Em todas as áreas observou-se uma predominância do ΣPCB, seguida do ΣDDT e HCB, em níveis que refletem o caráter fortemente industrial da região analisada. Entre os PCBs, a maior contribuição advém dos hexabifenis, seguida dos hepta e pentabifenis, sendo os congêneres 153, 138 e 180 os principais em todas as áreas. A razão p,pDDE/ΣDp,pDDT foi alta em todas as regiões (0,9), refletindo um input antigo do poluente na área. Foram realizadas correlações entre as concentrações de OCs e os parâmetros biológicos das espécies, como idade, sexo e comprimento total. A transferência placentária de OCs foi analisada em dois pares de fêmea-feto de Sotalia guianensis, mostrando uma maior transferência dos compostos com menor log Kow. Como esperado, foi encontrada uma diferença significativa no perfil de contaminação entre as espécies das diferentes regiões, relacionada à proximidade da fonte, características espécie-específicas e ao arranjo trófico das espécies.
Over the past decades the research on marine organisms contamination by organochlorine compounds (OCs) has been intensified, allied to the utilization of some species as sentinels of the environmental quality related to organic pollutants. Among these species, cetaceans stand out as animals that, between other characteristics, have great longevity, high lipid percentage on their tissues and are top predators in food chains, therefore having the tendency to accumulate high OCs levels in their tissues. The present study aimed to determine OCs concentrations from industrial and agricultural sources (PCBs, HCB and DDTs) in hepatic tissue of eight different species of delphinid cetaceans belonging to three different oceanic areas of Rio de Janeiro State, namely, coastal region, continental shelf and oceanic region. The determination was performed in an Agilent 6890 gas chromatograph (GC) connected to an Agilent 5973 mass spectrometer (MS). DDTs (1263617272 ng.g -1 lip.) and PCBs (7648877288 ng.g -1 lip.) values reported here are amongst the highest values ever reported for the taxon. In all areas ΣPCB predominance was observed, followed by ΣDDT and HCB in levels that reflect the highly industrial character of the analyzed region. Amongst PCBs, the largest contribution comes from hexa biphenyls, followed by hepta and penta biphenyls, being the 153, 138 and 180 the main congeners in all areas. The p,pDDE/ΣDp,pDDT ratio was high in all regions (0,9), reflecting an ancient input of the pollutant in the area. Correlations between OCs concentrations and biologic parameters such as age, sex and total body lenght were performed. OCs placental transfer was analyzed in two Sotalia guianensis mother-fetus pairs, showing a higher transfer of compounds with lower log Kow. As expected, a significant difference was found on the contamination profile between species from the different regions, related to source proximity, species-specific characteristics and the species trophic arrangement.
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Geschwinder, Lukáš. "Možnosti využití metod vícerozměrné statistické analýzy dat při hodnocení spolehlivosti distribučních sítí". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217824.
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The aim of this study is evaluation of using multi-dimensional statistical analyses methods as a tool for simulations of reliability of distribution network. Prefered methods are a cluster analysis (CLU) and a principal component analysis (PCA). CLU is used for a division of objects on the basis of their signs and a calculation of the distance between objects into groups whose characteristics should be similar. The readout can reveal a secret structure in data. PCA is used for a location of a structure in signs of multi-dimensional matrix data. Signs present separate quantities describing the given object. PCA uses a dissolution of a primary matrix data to structural and noise matrix data. It concerns the transformation of primary matrix data into new grid system of principal components. New conversion data are called a score. Principal components generating orthogonal system of new position. Distribution network from the aspect of reliability can be characterized by a number of new statistical quantities. Reliability indicators might be: interruption numbers, interruption time. Integral reliability indicators might be: system average interruption frequency index (SAIFI) and system average interruption duration index (SAIDI). In conclusion, there is a comparison of performed SAIFI simulation according to negatively binomial division and provided values from a distribution company. It is performed a test at description of sign dependences and outlet divisions.
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Romanova, Yuliya. "Etude théorique et expérimentale de la structure, des propriétés magnétiques et de la conductivité des oligomères conjugués contenant de l'azote". Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00666174.
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La conductivité électronique de l'éméraldine sel dépend des conditions de sa synthèse (solvant et dopant utilisés) et de son traitement après synthèse. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de démontrer et d'interpréter les corrélations entre l'environnement et les propriétés de la forme conductrice de la polyaniline. Dans la partie théorique, nous avons examiné l'influence des différents dopants et solvants sur la structure et les propriétés de la polyaniline. Pour atteindre cet objectif, un large dispositif de méthodes de chimie quantique a été testé et une méthode appropriée a été choisie. Dans la partie expérimentale nous avons utilisé une nouvelle approche pour accéder aux propriétés intrinsèques de la polyaniline i.e. sans utiliser ni solvants ni dopants autres que ceux utilisés lors de la synthèse. Les calculs montrent que la description théorique de la polyaniline dépend fortement du choix de la méthode. La modélisation de l'effet de la polarité du solvant grâce à l'utilisation de la méthode PMC semble être cruciale pour une description fiable de l'interaction polyaniline-dopant. Les résultats obtenus démontrent pour la première fois que les interactions, de la polyaniline avec les dopants dépendent de la nature chimique du solvant et pas du dopant lui-même. De plus, nous avons montré que la stabilité de la forme polaronique (conductrice) augmente avec l'augmentation de la polarité du solvant. Ces conclusions correspondent parfaitement à nos résultats expérimentaux qui montrent le rôle crucial du solvant (et pas des dopants) sur les propriétés de la polyaniline.
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Hadámek, Jakub. "Vysokorychlostní komunikační linka pro akvizici dat". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413262.
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The aim of this thesis is the acquisition of data from the AD converter and it’s transfer via the JESD204B interface to FPGA with the following transformation and transfer to PC through 100G Ethernet or PCI Express interface. The first part of the thesis is focused on the introduction to used technologies and hardware and analysis of the solution of this project. Second part of the thesis describes solution and it’s functionality. I created HDL design which allows to transfer data from AD converter using both of the interfaces mentioned above. I also created software application for OS Linux which allows to receive and store incoming data in PC. In the end, the results of the measurement using the converter board are presented and discussed.
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Jun, Yang. "Analysis and Visualization of the Two-Dimensional Blood Flow Velocity Field from Videos". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32539.
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We estimate the velocity field of the blood flow in a human face from videos. Our approach first performs spatial preprocessing to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the computational efficiency. The discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and a temporal band-pass filter are then applied to extract the frequency corresponding to the subjects heart rate. We propose multiple kernel based k-NN classification for removing the noise positions from the resulting phase and amplitude maps. The 2D blood flow field is then estimated from the relative phase shift between the pixels. We evaluate our approach about segmentation as well as velocity field on real and synthetic face videos. Our method produces the recall and precision as well as a velocity field with an angular error and magnitude error on the average.
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Vaněčková, Tereza. "Numerické metody pro klasifikaci metagenomických dat". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-242014.
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This thesis deals with metagenomics and numerical methods for classification of metagenomic data. Review of alignment-free methods based on nucleotide word frequency is provided as they appear to be effective for processing of metagenomic sequence reads produced by next-generation sequencing technologies. To evaluate these methods, selected features based on k-mer analysis were tested on simulated dataset of metagenomic sequence reads. Then the data in original data space were enrolled for hierarchical clustering and PCA processed data were clustered by K-means algorithm. Analysis was performed for different lengths of nucleotide words and evaluated in terms of classification accuracy.
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Fomiczew, Jiří. "Efektivní detekce síťových anomálií s využitím DNS dat". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234983.
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This thesis describes the design and implementation of system for effective detection of network anomaly using DNS data. Effective detection is accomplished by combination and cooperation of detectors and detection techniques. Flow data in NetFlow and IPFIX formats are used as input for detection. Also packets in pcap format can be used. Main focus is put on detection of DNS tunneling. Thesis also describes Domain Name System (DNS) and anomalies associated with DNS.
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Čípek, Radek. "VYTVOŘENÍ PROGRAMU PRO ZÁTĚŽOVÉ ZKOUŠKY EL.MOTORŮ-sběr dat ze systémů teplotních senzorů (RS232,USB,PCI DAQ) a výkonového analyzátoru (GPIB) v LabView". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229517.
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This thesis deals with the creation of a program for collecting data from three optional systems of temperature sensors (RS232, USB and PCI DAQ), torque shaft and a power analyzer (GPIB) in LabVIEW. The implementation of the results to Excel by the automatic periodical writing of the gained data (LabVIEW › Excel).
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Guimarães, Thayso Silva. "Reconhecimento de face utilizando transformada discreta do cosseno bidimensional, análise de componentes principais bidimensional e mapas auto-organizáveis concorrentes". Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2010. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/14430.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe identification of a person by their face is one of the most effective non-intrusive methods in biometrics, however, is also one of the greatest challenges for researchers in the area, consisting of research in psychophysics, neuroscience, engineering, pattern recognition, analysis and image processing, computer vision and applied in face recognition by humans and by machines. The algorithm proposed in this dissertation for face recognition was developed in three stages. In the first stage feature matrices are derived of faces using the Two-Dimensional Discrete Cosine Transform (2D-DCT) and Two-Dimensional Principal Component Analysis (2D-PCA). The training of the Concurrent Self-Organizing Map (Csoma) is performed in the second stage using the characteristic matrices of the faces. And finally, the third stage we obtain the feature matrix of the image consulting classifying it using the CSOM network of the second step. To check the performance of face recognition algorithm proposed in this paper were tested using three well-known image databases in the area of image processing: ORL, YaleA and Face94.
A identificação de uma pessoa pela sua face é um dos métodos não-intrusivo mais efetivo em biometria, no entanto, também é um dos maiores desafios para os pesquisadores na área; consistindo em pesquisas em psicofísica, neurociência, engenharia, reconhecimento de padrões, análise e processamento de imagens, e visão computacional aplicada no reconhecimento de faces pelos seres humanos e pelas máquinas. O algoritmo proposto nesta dissertação para reconhecimento de faces foi desenvolvido em três etapas. Na primeira etapa são obtidas as matrizes características das faces utilizando a Two-Dimensional Discrete Cosine Transform (2D-DCT) e a Two-Dimensional Principal Component Analysis (2D-PCA). O treinamento da Concurrent Self-Organizing Map (CSOM) é realizado na segunda etapa usando as matrizes características das faces. E finalmente, na terceira etapa obtém-se a matriz característica da imagem consulta classificando-a utilizando a rede CSOM da segunda etapa. Para verificar o desempenho do algoritmo de reconhecimento de faces proposto neste trabalho foram realizados testes utilizando três bancos de imagens bem conhecidos na área de processamento de imagens: ORL, YaleA e Face94.
Mestre em Ciências
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Antunes, Paulo José Freire. "Accumulation of PCB congeners and DDT compounds in fish: influence of size and reproductive cycle". Doctoral thesis, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/9316.
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Burman, Maja, i Frida Clemborn. "PCK : – En litteraturstudie om pedagogical content knowledge samt hur det kopplas till lärare och matematikundervisningen". Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, Matematikdidaktik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-37049.
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Antunes, Paulo José Freire. "Accumulation of PCB congeners and DDT compounds in fish: influence of size and reproductive cycle". Tese, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/9316.
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Rundberg, Mattias. ""Det är ju bara att göra som vanligt, men i digital form" : IKT i det naturvetenskapliga klassrummet - en studie av lärares yrkesförmågor för att hantera det digitaliserade klassrummet". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Utbildningsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-22683.
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Detta är en studie som grundar sig teoretiskt i ett sociokulturellt perspektiv och med Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) som ramverk. Syftet med studien är att bidra till en djupare förståelse för hur lärare erfar och använder digitala verktyg i den naturvetenskapliga undervisningen. I denna studie i didaktik står två naturvetenskapslärare i fokus och hur de ser på sin egen förändringsprocess som yrkesutövare i ett digitaliserat klassrum. Datamaterialet för studien består av semistrukturerade intervjuer med lärarna när de planerar och analyserar en genomförd lektion i sex och samlevnad med VSR. De transkriberade intervjuerna med lärarna har analyserats med hjälp av kategoriseringskoder som bygger på TPACK utarbetad av Mishra och Koehler (2006) och med influenser från TPACK-in-Action (Koh, Chai, & Tay, 2014). Resultatet visar att lärarna har tydligt fokus att överföra sin tidigare undervisning in en ny digital ”kostym”. Lärarna betonar faran med att se införseln av digitala hjälpmedel som t.ex. surfplattor som ett syfte i sig. Vikten av att ha en tydlig plan och ett syfte med användningen av surfplattan och inte lämna eleverna själva i dessa processer är något lärarna lyfter fram. Lärarna framhåller olika fördelar med de digitala verktygen bl.a. att tillbakadragna elever lättare kan få möjlighet att komma till uttryck. Andra fördelar som framkommer vid intervjuerna är att elever med läs- och skrivsvårigheter eller elever med annat modersmål en svenska kan stödjas genom olika appar och program som hjälpverktyg. Dessutom menar lärarna att när undervisningen sker i ämnen som kan vara känsliga för eleverna som t.ex. i sex och samlevnad går det att arbeta med program där eleverna kan ställa frågor och svara anonymt. Vidare visar resultatet att lärarna har ett tydligt fokus mot de delar i TPACK som förenar pedagogiken med tekniken (TPK). Lärarna lyfter i väldigt liten omfattning fram hur tekniken kan användas för att förtydliga och understödja elevernas förståelse för ämnesinnehåll.
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Josefík, Martin. "Distribuovaný repositář digitálních forenzních dat". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-385958.
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This work deals with the design of distributed repository aimed at storing digital forensic data. The theoretical part of the thesis describes digital forensics and what is its purpose. There are also explained Big data, suitable storages, their properties, advantages and disadvantages, in this part. The main part of the thesis deals with the design and implementation of distributed storage for digital forensic data. The design is also focused in suitable indexing of stored data, and supporting new types of digital forensic data. The performance of implemented system was evaluated for chosen type of digital forensic data PCAP files.
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Alrasheed, Waleed. "Time and Space Efficient Techniques for Facial Recognition". Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6238.
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In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in face recognition. As a result, many new facial recognition techniques have been introduced. Recent developments in the field of face recognition have led to an increase in the number of available face recognition commercial products. However, Face recognition techniques are currently constrained by three main factors: recognition accuracy, computational complexity, and storage requirements. The problem is that most of the current face recognition techniques succeed in improving one or two of these factors at the expense of the others.
In this dissertation, four novel face recognition techniques that improve the storage and computational requirements of face recognition systems are presented and analyzed.
Three of the four novel face recognition techniques to be introduced, namely, Quantized/truncated Transform Domain (QTD), Frequency Domain Thresholding and Quantization (FD-TQ), and Normalized Transform Domain (NTD). All the three techniques utilize the Two-dimensional Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT-II), which reduces the dimensionality of facial feature images, thereby reducing the computational complexity. The fourth novel face recognition technique is introduced, namely, the Normalized Histogram Intensity (NHI). It is based on utilizing the pixel intensity histogram of poses' subimages, which reduces the computational complexity and the needed storage requirements.
Various simulation experiments using MATLAB were conducted to test the proposed methods. For the purpose of benchmarking the performance of the proposed methods, the simulation experiments were performed using current state-of-the-art face recognition techniques, namely, Two Dimensional Principal Component Analysis (2DPCA), Two-Directional Two-Dimensional Principal Component Analysis ((2D)^2PCA), and Transform Domain Two Dimensional Principal Component Analysis (TD2DPCA). The experiments were applied to the ORL, Yale, and FERET databases.
The experimental results for the proposed techniques confirm that the use of any of the four novel techniques examined in this study results in a significant reduction in computational complexity and storage requirements compared to the state-of-the-art techniques without sacrificing the recognition accuracy.Ph.D.
Doctorate
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Engineering and Computer Science
Electrical Engineering
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Sperandio, Ricardo Carlini. "Time series retrieval using DTW-preserving shapelets". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S061.
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L'établissement de la similarité entre séries temporelles est au cœur de nombreuses tâches d'analyse de données. Les mesures permettant d'établir des similitudes entre les séries temporelles sont spécifiques en ce sens qu'elles doivent pouvoir prendre en compte les différences entre les valeurs constituant la série, ainsi que les distorsions selon l'axe du temps. La mesure de similarité la plus répandue est la mesure Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). Cependant, son calcul est coûteux et son application à des séries temporelles nombreuses et/ou très longues est difficile en pratique. Malgré de nombreuses contributions visant l'accélération de la DTW, réussir son passage à l'échelle de la DTW reste une difficulté majeure. Le travail présenté dans cette thèse s'appuie sur l'idée de transformer les séries temporelles à l'aide de shapelets. Il montre comment des shapelets préservant les mesures DTW peuvent être utilisées dans le contexte spécifique de la recherches de séries temporelles similaires à une série utilisée comme requête, et cela dans un contexte grande échelle. Il s’agit de plonger les séries temporelles dans un espace euclidien construit de telle manière que les distances entre les séries selon la métrique DTW s’y trouvent préservées. Ce manuscrit apporte des contributions majeures : (1) il explique comment les shapelets préservant la DTW peuvent être utilisées dans le contexte spécifique de la recherche de séries temporelles similaires ; (2) il propose des stratégies de sélection de ces shapelets pour faire face à l’échelle, c’est-à-dire pour traiter une collection extrêmement vaste de séries temporelles ; (3) il explique en détail comment gérer les séries temporelles univariées et multivariées, couvrant ainsi tout le spectre des problèmes de recherches et facilitant la moise au point d'applications très diverses. Le coeur de la contribution présentée dans ce manuscrit permet de compenser facilement la complexité du processus de plongement par un jeu sur la précision de la recherche. Des expérimentations utilisant les jeux de données UCR et UEA démontrent l’amélioration considérable des performances par rapport aux techniques de pointeEstablishing the similarity of time series is at the core of many data mining tasks such as time series classification, time series clustering, time series retrieval, among others. Metrics to establish similarities between time series are specific in the sense that they must be able to take into account the differences in the values making the series as well as distortions along the timelines. The most popular similarity metric is the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) measure. However, it is costly to compute, and using it against numerous and/or very long time series is difficult in practice. There has been numerous attempts to accelerate the DTW, yet, scaling DTW remains a major difficulty. An elegant research direction proposes to change the representation of time series such that it is much cheaper to establish similarities. This typically relies on an embedding process where vectorial representations of time series are constructed, allowing then to estimate their similarity using e.g. L2 distances, much faster to compute than DTW. Naturally, the quality of this representation largely depends on the embedding process, and the family of contributions relying on the concept of shapelets prove to work particularly well. Shapelets, and the transform operation materializing the embedding process, were originally proposed for time series classification. Shapelets are independent subsequences extracted or learned from time series to form discriminatory features. Shapelets are used to transform time series in high dimensional (Euclidean) vectors. Recently, it was proposed to embed time series into an Euclidean space such that the distance in this embedded space well approximates the true DTW. This contribution targets time series clustering. The work presented in this Ph.D. manuscript builds on the idea of transforming time series using shapelets. It shows how shapelets that preserve DTW measures can be used in the specific context of large scale time series retrieval. This manuscript is making major contributions: (1) it explains how DTW-preserving shapelets can be used in the specific context of time series retrieval; (2) it proposes some shapelet selection strategies in order to cope with scale, that is, in order to deal with extremely large collection of time series; (3) it details how to handle both univariate and multivariate time series, hence covering the whole spectrum of time series retrieval problems. The core of the contribution presented in this manuscript allows to easily trade-off the complexity of the transformation against the accuracy of the retrieval. Experiments using the UCR and the UEA datasets demonstrate the vast performance improvements compared to state of the art techniques
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Musil, Martin. "Přenosy rastrových dat v FPGA". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236507.
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This work deals with the design and implementation of high-speed communication interfaces into FPGA chip and their utilizing for image transmission and processing. In the implementation part has been created PCI Express endpoint device, which provides data transfers between the FPGA chip and computer RAM memory. As a source of image data for further processing was connected the Unicam M621 camera throught the Ethernet interface to FPGA chip. The project was implemented on the Xilinx SP605 development board. Using both of the the interfaces were demonstrated on the application of edge detection using Sobel operator. The PCI Express endpoint device driver for the Linux operating system and a simple application interface in C language was also created within this project.
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MIRANDA, Daniele de Almeida. "Bifenilas policloradas (PCBs) e pesticidas organoclorados em Scomberomorus cavalla: pescado de importância econômica na região metropolitana do Recife - PE". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17047.
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CNPQ
Poluentes orgânicos persistentes (POPs) são ubíquos no ambiente global devido a grande estabilidade química e ampla dispersão. As características lipofílicas destes compostos favorecem a sua acumulação em peixes. Tais compostos estão associados ao desenvolvimento de câncer e desregulação do sistema endócrino. Apesar das proibições e restrições atribuídas a estes compostos, eles são frequentemente detectados no ambiente e a população humana está exposta a esta classe de contaminantes, principalmente, através do consumo de alimentos contaminados, como o pescado. O presente estudo teve como objetivos: (1) implementar metodologia para análise de PCBs e pesticidas organoclorados (DDTs, HCHs, clordanos, heptacloro e mirex) em peixe; (2) verificar a ocorrência de tais compostos em Scomberomorus cavalla; (3) investigar possíveis correlações entre os níveis de contaminantes e os parâmetros biológicos da espécie (idade, sexo, estágio de maturação e percentual de lipídios); e (4) estimar a exposição da população humana local a PCBs e DDTs através do consumo S. cavalla. Amostras de músculo e fígado foram separadas de 20 peixes adquiridos em colônias de pesca de Recife e região metropolitana. O método de extração foi Soxhlet (8 h), seguido por purificação com tratamento ácido. O extrato final foi analisado através de cromatografia em fase gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas (GC-MS). A metodologia para análise de organoclorados foi implementada e avaliada através de material de referência certificado. O limite de quantificação do método foi em média 0,50 ng g-1 peso seco (ps). PCBs e DDTs foram os grupos de compostos detectados em maiores concentrações nos espécimes estudados. As concentrações de PCBs, DDTs e clordanos no músculo variaram de 2,88 a 97,4 ng g-1 ps, 0,92 a 11,6 ng g-1 ps e nd (não detectado) a 2,11 ng g-1 ps, respectivamente. No fígado as concentrações desses contaminantes variaram de 47,5 a 267 ng g-1 ps, 7,95 a 34,8 ng g-1 ps e nd a 5,52 ng g-1 ps, respectivamente. HCHs, heptacloro e mirex não foram detectados nas amostras. Os parâmetros biológicos de S. cavalla não apresentaram correlação com as concentrações dos compostos estudados. A estimativa de ingestão diária de PCBs e DDTs pela população pernambucana mostrou que a cavala é uma espécie segura para consumo, segundo limites de referência propostos por agências da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU).
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are ubiquitous worldwide due to high chemical stability and long-range atmospheric transport. Their lipophilic properties facilitate accumulation in fish tissues. POPs have been associated with development of cancer and endocrine disruption in vertebrates. Despite the ban in most countries, they are still detected in the environment. Human populations are exposed to POPs mainly through consumption of contaminated food including fish. The aim of this study is four-fold: (1) to optimize a laboratory method for analyzing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorinated pesticides (DDTs, HCHs, chlordane, heptachlor and mirex) in fish tissues; (2) to investigate the occurrence of chlorinated compounds in king mackerel (Scomberomorus cavalla); (3) to assess potential correlations between contaminant levels and biological parameters of king mackerel; and (4) to estimate exposure of local human populations to PCBs and DDTs through consumption of king mackerel. A total of 20 fishes were purchased from artisanal fishermen at Recife and metropolitan area, northeastern Brazil. Muscle and liver tissues were selected for analysis. Samples were Soxhlet-extracted for 8 h and cleaned up with concentrated sulfuric acid. The extracts were injected into a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system (GC-MS). The laboratory method was validated with certified reference material. The average limit of quantitation was 0.50 ng g-1 dry weight (dw). PCBs and DDTs were the major contaminants found in the samples while HCHs, heptachlor and mirex were not detected. Concentrations of PCBs, DDTs and chlordane-related compounds in muscle ranged from 2.88 to 97.4 ng g-1 dw, 0.92 to 11.6 ng g-1 dw, and nd (not detected) to 2.11 ng g-1 dw, respectively. Concentrations of the same contaminants in liver ranged from 47.5 to 267 ng g-1 dw, 7.95 to 34.8 ng g-1 dw, and nd to 5.52 ng g-1 dw, respectively. Biological parameters of S. cavalla were not significantly correlated with contaminant levels. The local population estimated daily intake of PCBs and DDTs through fish consumption revealed that S. cavalla is a safe food. Such a conclusion is based on reference limits established by the United Nations (UN) specialized agencies.
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Johansson, Maria. "Interaction of Xenobiotics with the Glucocorticoid Hormone System in vitro". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2002. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5321-X/.
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Melkes, Miloslav. "BigData řešení pro zpracování rozsáhlých dat ze síťových toků". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236039.
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This master‘s thesis focuses on distributed processing of big data from network communication. It begins with exploring network communication based on TCP/IP model with focus on data units on each layer, which is necessary to process during analyzation. In terms of the actual processing of big data is described programming model MapReduce, architecture of Apache Hadoop technology and it‘s usage for processing network flows on computer cluster. Second part of this thesis deals with design and following implementation of the application for processing network flows from network communication. In this part are discussed main and problematic parts from the actual implementation. After that this thesis ends with a comparison with available applications for network analysis and evaluation set of tests which confirmed linear growth of acceleration.
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Berglund, Josefin, i Kaisa Hasselquist. "Fonologi hos svenska 5- och 6-åringar med typisk språkutveckling : Referensmaterial till det fonologiska testmaterialet LINUS". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Logopedi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-109068.
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A new phonological test, LINUS, for Swedish-speaking children between the ages of three and seven, has been developed at the speech and language pathology department at Linköping University. The aim of the present study was to create a reference manual for the long version of the new test. The participants in the present study were children between the ages of five to seven in a medium-sized municipality in the Northern part of Kalmar County, Sweden. In total, 124 native Swedish-speaking children (58 girls and 66 boys) with typical language development participated. The children were divided into two age groups, 5;0-5;11;31 and 6;0-6;11;31 years. The collected data was analysed with respect to acquisition of phonemes and word structure processes. Percentage of correctly produced words (PWC), consonants (PCC) and vowels (PVC) were calculated.All phonemes, except /s/, were established in both age groups. The phoneme /s/ was found to be either substituted or distorted. Among the 5-year old children /s/ was established for 84%, substitutions of /s/ were found in 7% and distortions were found in 23%. Among the 6-year old children /s/ was established for 88%. Substitutions of /s/ were found in 3% and distortions in 16% of the 6-year old children. The phoneme /r/ proved to be a borderline case for acquisition in the younger age group (91%). The most common word structure process in both groups was assimilation. A significant difference between the two age groups was found for assimilation (p=0,022), with lower occurrence in the older group. Two-consonant clusters (CC) and three-consonant clusters (CCC) were not frequently reduced, although it was found that CC-clusters were reduced more frequently than CCC-clusters. Both the age groups had high percentages of correctly produced words, consonants and vowels. The analysis revealed the following results: PWC for 5-years olds was 93% and 6-years olds 97%. PCC for 5-year olds was 98% and for 6-year olds 99%. PVC for both age groups was 100%. An age difference was shown for PWC, but not for the other measures. No gender differences were found.Ett nytt fonologiskt testmaterial, LINUS, är framtaget för svensktalande barn. I föreliggande studie har referensmaterial till den långa versionen av det nya testet insamlats bland barn 5-7 år i en mellanstor kommun i norra Kalmar län. Totalt deltog 124 barn (58 flickor och 66 pojkar) med svenska som modersmål och typisk språkutveckling. Barnen delades upp i två åldersintervall, 5;0-5;11;31 och 6;0-6;11;31 år. Det insamlade materialet analyserades avseende etablering av fonem och konsonantkombinationer, samt förekomst av ordstrukturprocesser. Andelsmått för korrekt uttalade ord (PWC), konsonanter (PCC) och vokaler (PVC) beräknades.Samtliga fonem, utom /s/, var etablerade i båda åldersgrupperna. Fonemet /s/ realiserades med substitutioner eller kvalitativt marginella avvikelser (KMA). I 5-årsgruppen var /s/ etablerat för 84% av deltagarna. Bland 5-åringarna förekom substitutioner av /s/ hos 7% och KMA förekom hos 23%. I 6-årsgruppen var /s/ etablerat till 88%, och det förekom substitutioner hos 3% av 6-åringarna, och KMA förekom hos 16%. Fonemet /r/ visade sig vara ett gränsfall avseende etablering för den yngre åldersgruppen (91%). Den vanligaste ordstrukturprocessen för båda grupperna var assimilationer. Signifikanta skillnader mellan de två åldersgrupperna återfanns avseende assimilationer, p=0,022. Förekomsten av assimilationer minskade med stigande ålder. Tvåkonsonantskombinationer (CC) och trekonsonantskombinationer (CCC) visade sig ej vara påverkade av förenklingar i någon större grad. Dock visade sig CC-kombinationer vara mer utsatta för förenklingar än CCC-kombinationer. Båda åldersgrupperna hade höga andelar korrekt uttalade ord, konsonanter och vokaler. De två grupperna fick följande resultat: PWC för 5-åringar var 93% och 6-åringar 97%. PCC var 98% respektive 99% för grupperna. PVC var 100% för båda åldersgrupperna. Åldersskillnader kunde ses för PWC, dock inte för de andra måtten. Inga könsskillnader noterades.
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Nagazi, Mohamed Yassine. "Cartographie de la dynamique microscopique dans la matière molle sous sollicitation". Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS083.
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Au cours de ce travail, nous avons proposé une caractérisation "multi-échelle" des matériaux mous à travers des montages originaux permettant la mesure simultanée des quantités macroscopiques et microscopiques. Dans une première partie de nos travaux, nous avons associé une méthode optique introduite récemment, la diffusion multiple de la lumière résolue spatialement (PCI-DWS), avec une sollicitation thermique, afin de suivre l’évolution de la microstructure d’échantillons à base de corps gras lors d’une rampe de température. Ces expériences ont permis d’identifier des transitions de phase par PCI-DWS et de les localiser spatialement dans des échantillons hétérogènes.Dans une deuxième série d’expériences, la même méthode optique a été couplée à des essais mécaniques réalisés avec une machine de traction commerciale. Pour des éprouvettes de polymère semi-cristallin, nous avons mesuré la déformation de l’éprouvette par PCI-DWS, sans avoir recours à des marqueurs de surface, contrairement aux méthodes d’imagerie couramment utilisées. Pour le même polymère, nous avons suivi la dynamique microscopique lors d’essais de traction dans les deux régimes, élastique et plastique. Nous avons montré que la dynamique microscopique et la relaxation de la contrainte lors de tests de traction à déformation imposée sont liées par une relation étonnement simple, que nous avons pu modéliser. Dans une dernière partie de la thèse, nous avons conçu et réalisé un prototype d’instrument permettant de mesurer simultanément la dynamique microscopique, la force et le déplacement lors d’essais de traction sur des élastomères. Grâce à cet instrument, nous avons pu mettre en évidence l’existence de précurseurs dynamiques microscopiques qui précèdent de milliers de secondes l’apparition de signes macroscopiques de la défaillance du matériauIn this thesis, we introduce a "multi-scale" characterization of soft matter based on novel setups that couple macroscopic measurements (temperature, force, deformation) to measurements of the microscopic dynamics. In a first series of experiments, we use a recently introduced optical method, space-resolved diffusion wave spectroscopy (PCI-DWS), to follow the microscopic dynamics of fat materials during a temperature ramp. This allows us to detect phase transitions and to localize them in space for heterogeneous samples. In a second series of experiments, the same optical method is coupled to mechanical measurements performed on a commercial universal traction machine. For a semi-crystalline polymer, we measure by PCI-DWS the mesoscopic deformation field under tension, with no need to pre-treat the sample surface as in conventional imaging methods. For the same polymer, we measure the microscopic dynamics during tensile stress relaxation tests, both in the linear and non-linear regime. We find a remarkably simple relationship between the microscopic dynamics and the macroscopic stress relaxation, and propose a simple model to rationalize it. In the last part of the thesis, we have designed and implemented a setup prototype to measure simultaneously the microscopic dynamics (by PCI-DWS), the force and the deformation during tensile tests on elastomers. Thanks to this apparatus, we unveil dynamic precursors preceding by thousands of seconds anymicroscopic sign of the incipient material failure
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Johansson, Kim. "”Överskott, är det ämnet som får stå i hörnet och vänta” En studie på hur lärarens intentioner uppfattas av eleverna". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för lärarutbildning (LUT), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-21404.
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Syftet med studien är att studera lärarens intentioner och hur elever uppfattar lärarens budskap inom kemi på gymnasieskolan. Metoden jag använt mig av är Stimulated Recall. Genom att jag observerat och filmat lektionerna, där jag har träffat lärare och elever var för sig för att reflektera över lektionstillfället. De reflektionsfrågor jag använt mig av är mallen för en så kallad CoRe, som Berry, Loughran & Mulhall (2003) från Australien har utformat. Det är ett reflektionsverktyg men även ett sätt för att exemplifiera PCK (pedagogical content knowledge). PCK är ett begrepp som didaktikforskare använder för att beskriva de egenskaper som en bra lärare skall besitta för att kunna vägleda elever rätt i specifika ämnesområden. Forskare menar att läraren måste ha en god teoretisk grund men även en bra grund i pedagogik. Resultatet av studien visar att, om kollegor delger sina erfarenheter till de som är mindre erfarna ger det en utveckling av lärarens PCK och det innebär att lärarens intentioner bättre når fram till eleverna. Responsen från eleverna är mycket positiv och eleverna har en positiv inställning inför kemi, även om många av eleverna tycker att ämnet i sig är ganska svårt.
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Pandolfi, Lorenzo. "Studio mediante spettroscopia vibrazionale di foto-dimerizzazioni [2+2] in cristalli molecolari". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19237/.
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Lo scopo della tesi è lo studio di fotoreazioni di cicloaddizione [2 + 2] in stato solido mediante l’utilizzo di tecniche di spettroscopia vibrazionale Raman e IR. La nostra attenzione si è focalizzata su processi di sistemi organici del tipo “crystal to crystal” (CC) o “single crystal to single crystal” (SCSC), che avvengono con la trasformazione del cristallo del reagente in quello del prodotto. Argomento principale del lavoro di tesi sono i cristalli dei sali di bromuro e cloruro dell’acido 4-ammino-trans-cinnamico, che dimerizzano sotto irraggiamento UV. Il lavoro fa parte di un progetto di ampio respiro svolto in collaborazione con ricercatori del Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, che coinvolge anche cristalli misti dei due sali. Lo studio condotto da loro mediante misure di diffrazione ai raggi X ha stabilito che il processo in esame è del tipo SCSC. L’indagine in microscopia Raman su cristallo singolo si è prefissa di analizzare, in funzione del tempo di irraggiamento, l’evoluzione dello spettro delle vibrazioni sia intramolecolari che reticolari, ottenendo in una stessa misura informazioni sulla trasformazione chimica e su quella di reticolo. A differenza di quanto avviene in processi di dimerizzazione CC con ricostruzione di fase, si è constatato che reazione chimica e cambio di reticolo avvengono in modo parallelo e simultaneo. Inoltre si è osservato che lo spettro delle vibrazioni reticolari evolve senza soluzione di continuità da quello della fase reagente a quello della fase prodotto. Questo è un risultato interessante, di un fenomeno mai osservato prima nello studio Raman di reazioni in stato solido. L’analoga indagine IR su polveri, che si limita alla vibrazione intermolecolare, ha permesso di ricavare la legge cinetica della reazione. Lo stesso metodo di indagine spettroscopica è stato applicato anche alla fotodimerizzazone con meccanismo [2 + 2] dell’acido trans-3-(2-furil)acrilico, processo interessante dal punto di vista industriale.
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Linderholm, Linda. "Assessment of Environmental Pollutants in Humans from Four Continents : Exposure levels in Slovakia, Guinea-Bissau, Nicaragua and Bangladesh". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för material- och miljökemi (MMK), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-43807.
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Humans are continuously exposed to complex mixtures of anthropogenic chemicals. This thesis focus on human exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs). POPs ability to bioaccumulate and biomagnify together with the extensive historical use of POPs in e.g. agriculture and industry have resulted in detection of these compounds in humans and animals from all over the world. Adverse health effects caused by POPs are of particular concern for newborns and young individuals. The objective of this thesis is to assess human exposure to a selected set of POPs and their metabolites. More specifically, one aim of my thesis is to determine the exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and in particular their methylsulfonyl and hydroxylated metabolites in humans from a “hot-spot” area of PCB contamination in eastern Slovakia. The maternal transfer of these chemicals is studied. Further, another specific aim is to determine occurrence, levels and, when possible, temporal trends of POPs in children and adults from three developing countries, Nicaragua, Guinea-Bissau and Bangladesh. High concentrations of PCBs and their metabolites are shown in men and women from Michalovce in eastern Slovakia. Placental transfer of methylsulfonyl-metabolites of PCBs and 4,4’-DDE was observed for the first time. Decreasing temporal trends of the majority of POPs are shown in serum from a cohort of policemen from Guinea-Bissau. In contrast, the levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) show an increasing time trend. Within five years, decreasing levels of POPs were also shown in children working and living at a waste disposal site in Nicaragua. Children working and living at waste disposal sites in Bangladesh have considerably lower levels of POPs compared to the children from Nicaragua except for 4,4’-DDT and 4,4’-DDE that are present at very high concentrations, indicating ongoing use of technical DDT. There are many studies on levels and trends of environmental pollutants from the developed industrial countries in the world, whereas data from developing countries is still scarce. This thesis contributes to partly fill this data gap since it includes assessments of POPs in children and adults from four countries on four continents.At the time of doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 5: Manuscript. Paper 6: Manuscript.
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Hansson, Tomas. "Biomarkers in perch (Perca fluviatilis) used in environmental monitoring of the Stockholm recipient and background areas in the Baltic Sea". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad miljövetenskap (ITM), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8143.
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This thesis reports the results of biomarker measurements in three environmental monitoring projects. In the first project, which was part of the Swedish national environmental monitoring, biomarkers were measured annually in female perch (Perca fluviatilis) in two background areas in the Baltic Sea during 1988–2000, resulting in a unique 13-year series of measurements. The most important results were a strong decreasing temporal trend in the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and a strong increasing temporal trend in the hepatic ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity in the Baltic Proper. In the second project, biomarkers and concentrations of classic pollutants were measured in female perch in the Stockholm recipient 1999–2001. This was the first time a large city was investigated as a point source of pollution, and the gradient was longer and included more stations than customary. Severe pollution conditions in central Stockholm were indicated by the poor health status of the perch: retarded growth, decreased frequency of sexually mature females, low GSI, disturbed visceral fat metabolism, increased hepatic EROD activity, decreased muscle acetylcholinesterase activity, increased frequency of hepatic DNA adducts, and a high concentration of biliary 1-pyrenol. Muscle ΣDDT and ΣPCB were measured as pollution indicators and were 10–28 respectively 12–35 times higher than the background levels in perch from the Baltic Proper. In the Stockholm archipelago two superimposed gradients were found. Whereas the response of several biomarkers consistently decreased with increasing distance from central Stockholm, the response of others first decreased from Stockholm to the middle archipelago and then increased to the open Baltic Sea. The latter biomarkers included the frequency of sexually mature females, GSI, hepatic EROD activity, and hepatic DNA adducts. In the third project, potential toxicity from munitions on the seafloor, at a dumpsite in the Stockholm archipelago, was analysed by the nanoinjection of sediment extracts into newly fertilised rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs, followed by the measurement of biomarkers in the developing larvae. No biological effects of the dumped munitions were found. The same stations in the Stockholm archipelago as in the second project were investigated as a positive control. The results of the three projects agreed well, which demonstrated the continuous pollution of the Baltic Sea and the severe pollution conditions and adverse biological effects in central Stockholm. Further investigations are urgently needed to identify which pollutants or other factors are causing the observed biological effects, both in the background areas in the Baltic Sea and in the Stockholm recipient.
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Nystrom, Ingemar, i Tim Gatton. "RANGE UPGRADE FOR DATA RECORDING AND REPRODUCTION". International Foundation for Telemetering, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608296.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 23-26, 2000 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, CaliforniaFlexible data multiplexing that supports both low-speed (4 Mbps) to very high-speed output devices (networks and recording systems up to 480 Mbps), along with data network formatting, can greatly enhance the results of range upgrading.
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Schultz, Anna-Sara. "Upptag av fosfor, dioxiner och DL-PCB i sjön Vättern : En studie över fritidsfisket och det kommersiella fisket av signalkräfta, röding och sik". Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-19017.
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During the industrialization period in Sweden, the lake Vättern has been exposed to many different types of trials, in some cases it has caused damage to the lake. Emissions of various substances have affected the aquatic life directly and in the long term also man. The anthropogenic disturbances to which Vättern has been exposed have left an impression on many different levels that still matter today. Understanding what quantity and sources contribute to the amount of supplementation and the amount of loss becomes important in order to better care for Vättern. The aim of the project is to try to describe the loss of the element phosphorus and the environmental toxins: dioxins and dl-PCBs through specific fishing for signal crayfish, char and whitefish in Vättern. A historical basis for fish catches in Vättern has been used together with a compilation of sample data on phosphorus content, dioxin concentration and dl-PCB concentration in the organisms. By combining catch data with the data on substance levels in the organisms, an image is obtained of the annual extraction of these substances via fishing. The results of the project can be used against future catch data from Vättern in order to obtain a continued overview of loss of phosphorus, dioxins and dl-PCBs from the lake through fishing. However, the results only show that the loss of phosphorus through fishing has an extremely small impact on the total amount in the lake. It is not possible to say whether the result over the total loss of dioxins fished and dl-PCBs is of great or little importance to the total amount in the lake due to lack of data. Finally, a discussion regarding a proposal for a future choice of method that can be implemented to enable a broader basis for future projects.
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Söderström, Maria. "Local and global contaminants in Swedish waters : studies on PCBs, DDTs, 4,5,6-trichloroguaiacol and their transformation products in fish and sediments". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för miljökemi, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-104291.
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This thesis is focused on studies on the environmental fate and methodological improvements for determination of the global contaminants, PCBs and DDTs, and locally discharged phenolics, e.g. 4,5,6-trichloroguaiacol (4,5,6-TCG), and their transformation products. 4,5,6-TCG is released from bleached pulp mills, and was chosen as a model substance, to study its fate and effects in aquatic environments. In a brackish water model ecosystem, 4,5,6-TCG was shown to be transformed via demethylation, dechlorination, and methylation reactions. Marine periphyton exposed to 4,5,6-TCG was shown to form demethylated, brominated and dimeric metabolites. Several of these metabolites were identified and quantified. Also more tightly bound chlorophenolics were recovered from the substrate, after harsh extraction procedures had been applied. Conjugates of chlorophenols in fish bile were determined as useful tracers for monitoring effluents from bleached pulp mills, even in areas far from the discharge point. To facilitate calculations of water concentrations, bile to water bioconcentration factors (bBCF-values) were determined for several phenolics, including also alkali-labile chlorocatechols. PCBs and DDTs, were assessed in Swedish lakes with background exposure of these global contaminants. A methodological study focus on the contamination risks of airborne PCBs, during freeze-drying and storage of dry sediment samples. Eutrophication has been proposed to cause lower levels of pollutants in biota in lakes due to biomass dilution but in this thesis examples of higher levels of PCBs in sediment traps, sediment and in perch, and also in higher fluxes of PCBs to the sediment, were observed. Phytoplankton are supposed to be responsible for most of the transport of the contaminants. The composition of DDTs in soil, sediment traps and in dated sediment cores was studied in some detail. PCBs, DDTs, HCB and HCHs were measured in sediments from 100 reference lakes included in the National Swedish Environmental Program. The lakes have a large variation in lake characteristics, representative for different areas in Sweden. A gradient was observed for sPCB with decreasing levels from the south west towards the north. The results suggests that longrange transport is the dominating mechanism for distribution of the contaminants analysed. In this study the levles of PCBs and DDTs were lower in eutrophic lakes than in oligotrophic lakes, in an area with similar atmospheric exposure.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Submitted. Paper 6: Manuscript.
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Matos, Maria Auxiliadora Costa. "Resíduos de pesticidas organoclorados e bifenilos policlorados em sedimentos e algas de Santos e Cananéia, SP, Brasil". Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46133/tde-30082018-150911/.
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Bifenilos policlorados (PCBs) e pesticidas organoclorados são poluentes resistentes à degradação e têm sido identificados em vários compartimentos do ambiente marinho. O objetivo deste trabalho foi otimizar e validar a metodologia, e avaliar a contaminação por pesticidas organoclorados e PCBs em algas e sedimentos costeiros no Estuário e Baía de Santos-São Vicente e no Complexo Estuarino-Lagunar de Iguape e Cananéia (SP). Foram coletadas nessas regiões um total de 37 amostras de sedimento superficial, 3 testemunhos com 27 sub-amostras e 10 amostras de alga, no período de 1998-2001. O método, que incluiu a extração e purificação com solventes orgânicos e análise por GC-ECD, mostrou-se satisfatório dentro dos padrões internacionais. Na região de Cananéia-Iguape predominaram os DDTs (sedimentos: 0,78 a 14,52 ng.g-1 peso seco) e as maiores concentrações ocorreram nas proximidades da Cidade de Cananéia e Baía de Trapandé. Na região de Santos predominaram os PCBs (sedimentos: 4,08 a 133,42 ng.g-1 peso seco, testemunhos de sedimentos: 3, 70 a 44,65 ng.g-1 peso seco e algas: 15,83 a 43,21 ng.g-1 peso seco) e os maiores valores foram encontrados no emissário submarino, no Estuário de Santos, em locais próximos as indústrias, e no Estuário de São Vicente. De maneira geral, as concentrações tanto de PCBs quanto de pesticidas organoclorados em Santos e Cananéia-Iguape foram baixas. Santos apresentou maior incidência de PCBs, provavelmente devido à industrialização, enquanto que em Cananéia-Iguape predominaram os pesticidas organoclorados, que podem ser atribuídos às antigas campanhas de saúde pública ou aplicações nas lavouras.Polychlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated pesticides are degradation resistant pollutants. They have been detected in several compartments of marine environment. The objective of this study was the optimization of the methodology and the evaluation of the contamination of chlorinated pesticides and PCBs em algae and coastal sediments in the Estuary and Bay of Santos-São Vicente and in the Lagunar Complex of Iguape and Cananéia (SP). An amount of 37 samples of superficial sediment, 3 cores with 27 subsamples and 10 samples of algae was collected in the period of 1998-2001. The methodology was considered satisfactory within international standards, that includes extraction and clean up with organic solvents and analysis with GC-ECD. In the Cananéia-Iguape region, DDTs were predominant and the highest levels were found around the city of Cananéia and in Trapandé Bay. In the Santos area, the PCBs were predominant and the highest values were found around the Santos Bay outfall and in the Estuary of Santos-São Vicente. In general, either the concentrations of PCBs or chlorinated pesticides in Santos and Cananéia-Iguape were low. Santos presented higher incidence of PCBs, probably due to industrialization, while in Cananéia-Iguape the chlorinated pesticides predominated, and that can be attributed to past public health campaigns or to agricultural uses.
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Hejl, Zdeněk. "Rekonstrukce 3D scény z obrazových dat". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236495.
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This thesis describes methods of reconstruction of 3D scenes from photographs and videos using the Structure from motion approach. A new software capable of automatic reconstruction of point clouds and polygonal models from common images and videos was implemented based on these methods. The software uses variety of existing and custom solutions and clearly links them into one easily executable application. The reconstruction consists of feature point detection, pairwise matching, Bundle adjustment, stereoscopic algorithms and polygon model creation from point cloud using PCL library. Program is based on Bundler and PMVS. Poisson surface reconstruction algorithm, as well as simple triangulation and own reconstruction method based on plane segmentation were used for polygonal model creation.
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Parameswaran, Sreeja. "Solar Energy Conversion in Plants and Bacteria Studied Using FTIR Difference Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Computational Methodologies". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/phy_astr_diss/32.
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This dissertation presents a study of the molecular mechanism underlying the highly efficient solar energy conversion processes that occur in the Photosystem I (PS I) reaction centers in plants and bacteria. The primary electron donor P700 is at the heart of solar energy conversion process in PS I and the aim is to obtain a better understanding of the electronic and structural organization of P700 in the ground and excited states. Static Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) difference spectroscopy (DS) in combination with site directed mutagenesis and Density Functional Theory (DFT) based vibrational frequency simulations were used to investigate how protein interactions such as histidine ligation and hydrogen bonding modulate this organization. (P700+-P700) FTIR DS at 77K were obtained from a series of mutants from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. 6803 (S. 6803) where the amino acid residues near the C=O groups of the two chlorophylls of P700 where specifically changed. (P700+-P700) FTIR DS was also obtained for a set of mutants from C. reinhardtii where the axial ligand to A0-, the primary electron acceptor in PS I was modified. The FTIR DS obtained from these mutants provides information on the axial ligands, the hydrogen bonding status as well as the polarity of the environment of specific functional groups that are part of the chlorophyll molecules that constitute P700. Assignment of the FTIR bands to vibrational modes in specific types of environment is very difficult. In order to assist the assignment of the difference bands in experimental spectra DFT based vibrational mode frequency calculations were undertaken for Chl-a and Chl-a+ model molecular systems under different set of conditions; in the gas phase, in solvents using the Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM), in the presence of explicit solvent molecules using QM/MM methods, and in the presence of axial ligands and hydrogen bonds. DFT methods were also used to calculate the charge, spin and redox properties of Chl-a/Chl-a’ dimer models that are representative of P700, the primary electron donor in PS I.
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Badin, Pavel. "Návrh rychlé měřící karty s využitím programovatelných hradlových polí". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219942.
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This thesis contains information about fast measuring card design for data processing from NQR measuring probe. The overall purpose is to create functional prototype of measuring card. Thesis describes suitable design of PCB having regard to EMC. There are information abou digital signal processing, using algorithms DFT and FFT. The thesis contains information about FPGA and there are rules, how to program FPGA correctly. In the practical part of the thesis, there are information about PCB design of ADC and DAC. There are also information about design of program for FPGA and control application for PC.
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Karkaba, Alaa. "Effets neurotoxiques et multigénérationnels d’une exposition périnatale aux faibles doses de polychlorobiphényles non-dioxin-like indicateurs (PCB-NDLi) dans un modèle murin". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0295/document.
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Dans ce travail de thèse, nous avons évalué les effets neurotoxiques multigénérationnels de l’exposition des mères F0 gestantes et allaitantes aux polychlorobiphényles non-dioxin-like indicateurs (PCB-NDLi), à un profil mimant l'exposition humaine à partir de poissons contaminés, sur le développement et le comportement, y compris les réponses émotionnelles et les interactions sociales, des deux générations F1 et F2 des souris mâles et femelles, à différentes phases de leur ontogenèse. Deux faibles doses des PCB-NDLi : (i) la DJT, qui est de 10 ng/kg/j, et (ii) une dose environnementale de 1000 ng/kg/j, ont été administrés par accès libre aux souris mères F0. En fonction de la modalité d’exposition des parents F1 aux PCB, 4 groupes de génération F2 ont été obtenus, en croisant (i) des pères F1 exposés à des mères F1 non exposées, (ii) des mères F1 exposées à des pères F1 non exposés, (iii) des deux parents F1 exposés, ou (iv) des deux parents F1 non exposés (témoins), aux PCB en période périnatale. Nos résultats ont montré que les mâles adultes de la génération F1 ont manifesté un comportement dépressif-like ; alors que les mâles F2, issus uniquement des pères F1 exposés aux PCB, ont exhibé un comportement anti-dépressif-like, ce que suggère que l’exposition périnatale des souris F1 aux PCB-NDLi a induit une altération multigénérationnelle d’origine parentale du comportement de la résignation, et ce d’une façon sexe dépendante. De même, une altération sexe-dépendante de l’anxiété, a été détectée chez la génération F1 exposées durant la période périnatale aux PCB-NDLi comme uniquement les souris mâles d’âge moyen F1 ont développé un phénotype anxieux qui a été transmis aux souris mâles d’âge moyen F2, via leurs pères F1. En outre, une altération multigénérationnelle du comportement social a été détectée chez les souris mâles et femelles F1 et F2. D’une façon remarquable, chez la génération F2, des altérations comportementales dépendantes à la fois du sexe et de la dose, ont été trouvées, malgré l’absence d’effets chez leurs parents F1, effets qui dépendaient également de l’origine parentale, tels que la diminution significative du niveau de la préférence pour la nouveauté sociale chez les souris mâles F2, issues uniquement des mères F1 périnatallement exposées à la dose 10 ng/kg de PCB. Le dosage des biomarqueurs chez les souris d’âge moyen de la génération F1 a révélé une altération de nombreux paramètres biochimiques, y compris une augmentation du niveau de corticostérone et de l’activité de l’acétylcholinestéraseIn this study, we evaluated the multigenerational neurotoxic effects of gestational and lactational exposure of F0 female mice to a representative mixture of the six indicator non-dioxin-like-polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL-PCBs) at environmentally low doses, a profile that closely mimics human exposure to contaminated fish. The tolerable day intake (TDI) of 10 ng/kg/day and a higher environmental dose of 1000 ng/kg/day were administered by free access to F0 mothers during pregnancy and lactation. Afterwards, the development and behavior, including emotional responses and social interactions, of the two F1 and F2 generations of Swiss male and female mice at different phases of their ontogenesis, were assessed. Depending on the mode of exposure of F1 parents to PCBs, four F2 generation groups were obtained by crossing (i) F1 fathers perinatally exposed with unexposed F1 mothers, (ii) F1 mothers perinatally exposed with unexposed F1 fathers, (iii) both F1 parents perinatally exposed, or (iv) both F1 parents perinatally unexposed (controls), to PCBs. Our results showed that F1 adult males showed depressive-like behavior whereas F2 adult males, coming from F1 mothers, perinatally exposed to PCBs, exhibited anti-depressive-like behavior. This result suggested an induction of a multigenerational alteration that was of parental origin, on the resignation behavior in a sex-dependent manner. Similarly, sex-selective anxious behavior was detected in F1 middle-aged males perinatally exposed to PCBs, which was transmissible to F2 middle-aged males, via their F1 fathers. Furthermore, a multigenerational alteration of social behavior was found in F1 and F2 male and female mice. Remarkably, some behavioral alterations in F2 generation were found, despite of the absence of effects in their F1 parents, such as a significant decrease in the level of preference for social novelty in F2 male mice, coming from F1 mothers perinataly exposed to 10 ng/kg of NDL-PCBs. The biomarker assays in F1 middle-aged mice revealed an alteration in many biochemical markers, including increased corticosterone levels and acetylcholinesterase activity in male as well as females
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Arumugam, Krishnamoorthy. "Redox chemistry of actinyl complexes in solution : a DFT study". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/redox-chemistry-of-actinyl-complexes-in-solution-a-dft-study(ff09f316-847e-498e-a046-1db7bb4c6758).html.
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The chemistry of actinides in solution is a very important aspect of the nuclear fuel cycle, especially as the energy needs of the world continue to increase. However, the radio-active nature of the actinides makes experimentation very difficult and dedicated expensive instruments are required. In addition, the disposal of radio-active waste materials requires a proper understanding of their chemistry at a molecular level. To tackle the problem, and to underpin the experimental studies, in this thesis we have studied the redox chemistry and disproportionation mechanism of actinyl complexes in solution using state-of-the art computational methods. Reduction potentials of actinyl complexes in solution have been estimated in solution using density functional theory (DFT) approaches. Solvation effects were included in the quantum chemistry calculations with the conductor like polarisable continuum model (CPCM) solvation method. First of all, we have validated our computational method by studying a variety of solute cavity definitions within the CPCM solvation model and assessed the performance of a range of DFT functionals to suitable to accurately describe the actinide chemistry in solution. Penta-valent uranyl(V) ions are unstable and readily disproportionate; in this study we have explored outer-sphere electron transfer and disproportionation mechanisms to determine the stability of these ions in solution. We have found that the process of outer-sphere disproportionation is unlikely to occur in non-aqueous solutions, such as DMSO, DMF, DCM, acetonitrile and pyridine, when the uranyl(V) ion is bound with a multi-dentate organic ligand. However, our computational results hypothesise that the presence of a trace of water in the experimental conditions can promote a disproportionation reaction by protonating the uranyl(V) ‘yl’ oxygen atoms and then the electron transfer process would proceed through either inner or outer sphere mechanism. In addition, the effect of alkali metal cations on the outer-sphere disproportionation mechanisms was also studied. Overall it has been shown that DFT can be used to accurately predict the redox properties of actinyl complexes in solution and thus contributing for an effective and efficient design of nuclear material separations, proper as well as safer radioactive waste disposal.
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Bráblík, Radim. "Datalogger pro sběrnici typu Profibus". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218374.
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This thesis deals with creating application Datalogger for PROFIBUS. Describes communications standard Profibus, PLC and PC communication via PROFIBUS, API used for Profibus-PCI card, used programming language and development tool, a description of graphic and software parts of developed application Datalogger and finally describes the testing of developed applications datalogger.
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Ortiz, Almirall Xavier. "Eliminació de contaminants orgànics persistents d’oli de peix". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/31962.
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En la present tesi doctoral s’han estudiat diversos mètodes per a l’eliminació de contaminants orgànics persistents en olis de peix amb finalitat alimentària.
S’han posat al punt les metodologies d’anàlisi necessàries per a la correcta determinació d’aquests compostos en la matriu d’estudi. S’han avaluat amb detall les etapes de purificació de la mostra, fraccionament dels analits i anàlisi instrumental. El mètode ha estat validat amb resultats satisfactoris, i s’ha comprovat el seu bon funcionament a través de la participació en diversos exercicis d’intercalibtage, així com la realització de diversos estudis amb mostres reals d’oli de peix.
S’ha estudiat l’eliminació dels contaminants orgànics persistents a través d’adsorbents sòlids amb base silícica i carbonàcia. Les condicions experimentals han estat estudiades més a fons mitjançant dissenys d’experiències, per acabar optimitzant el mètode d’adsorció amb un disseny d’evolució. Els millors resultats s’han obtingut amb el carbó actiu, que mostra una elevada eficàcia en l’eliminació de PCDD/Fs, d-l PCBs i HCB.
S’ha estudiat l’eliminació dels contaminants orgànics persistents mitjançant tècniques de degradació fotoquímiques. Inicialment s’ha fotodegradat cada família de contaminants per separat, per poder estudiar més a fons les condicions necessàries per la seva eliminació, així com els seus mecanismes i productes de degradació. Posteriorment s’ha estudiat la fotodegradació simultània dels analits d’interès en oli de peix. Aquesta tècnica s’ha mostrat efectiva en l’eliminació de DDT, PBDEs, HCB i PCBs similars a dioxines.
Paral•lelament als estudis d’eliminació mitjançant adsorbents sòlids i tècniques fotoquímiques, s’ha comprovat la qualitat dels olis de peix abans i després del tractament. El procés d’adsorció en sòlids no afecta significativament a la qualitat de l’oli, mentre que les tècniques fotoquímiques degraden una part dels àcids grassos insaturats.
S’ha estudiat l’eliminació de contaminants orgànics persistents en oli de peix mitjançant la combinació de les dues tècniques estudiades anteriorment, amb una primera etapa de degradació fotoquímica i una segona etapa d’adsorció. S’han comparat els resultats finals d’eliminació que s’obtenen amb cada un dels mètodes desenvolupats (adsorció, fotodegradació i combinat). L’adsorció en carbó actiu és el procés més adequat per l’eliminació de COPs en oli de peix.
S’ha realitzat un estudi dels nivells diastereomèrics i enantiomèrics d’un contaminant emergent -l’hexabromociclododecà (HBCD)- en oli de peix. S’ha avaluat la seva eliminació de la matriu d’estudi mitjançant adsorbents amb base carbonàcia i degradació fotoquímica, sent principalment eliminat per aquesta segona via.En la presente tesis doctoral se han estudiado diversos métodos para la eliminación de contaminantes orgánicos persistentes en aceites de pescado con finalidad alimentaria. Se han desarrollado los métodos de análisis necesarios para la correcta determinación de estos compuestos en la matriz de estudio. Se han evaluado con detalle las etapas de purificación de la muestra, fraccionamiento de los analitos y análisis instrumental. El método ha sido validado con resultados satisfactorios, y se ha comprobado su buen funcionamiento mediante ejercicios de intercalibraje, así como la realización de diversos estudios con muestras reales de aceite de pescado. Se ha estudiado la eliminación de los contaminantes persistentes mediante adsorbentes sólidos con base silícica y carbonacea. Las condiciones experimentales han estado estudiadas en profundidad mediante diseños de experiencias y de evolución. Los mejores resultados se han obtenido con carbón activo, que demuestra una elevada eficacia en la eliminación de PCDD/Fs, dl-PCBs y HCB. Se ha estudiado la eliminación de los contaminantes orgánicos persistentes mediante técnicas de degradación fotoquímica. Inicialmente se ha fotodegradado cada familia de contaminantes por separado, para poder estudiar más a fondo las condiciones necesarias para su eliminación. Posteriormente se ha estudiado la degradación simultánea de los analitos de interés en aceite de pescado. Esta técnica se ha mostrado efectiva en la eliminación de DDT, PBDEs, HCB y PCBs similares a dioxinas. Paralelamente a los estudios de eliminación mediante adsorbentes sólidos y técnicas fotoquímicas, se ha comprobado la calidad de los aceites de pescado antes y después del tratamiento. El proceso de adsorción en sólidos no afecta significativamente a la calidad del aceite, mientras que las técnicas fotoquímicas degradan una parte de los ácidos grasos insaturados. Se ha estudiado la eliminación de contaminantes orgánicos persistentes en aceites de pescado mediante la combinación de las dos técnicas estudiadas anteriormente, con una primera etapa de degradación fotoquímica y una segunda etapa de adsorción. Se han comparado los resultados finales de eliminación que se obtienen con cada uno de los métodos desarrollados. La adsorción en carbón activo es el proceso más adecuado para la eliminación de COPs en aceite de pescado. Se ha realizado un estudio de los niveles diastereoisoméricos y enantioméricos de un contaminante emergente –HBCD- en aceite de pescado. Se ha evaluado su capacidad de eliminación de la matriz de estudio mediante adsorbentes con base carbonacia y degradación fotoquímica, siendo principalmente eliminado por la segunda vía.
During the present doctoral thesis several methods for the elimination of persistent organic pollutants from fish oil have been studied. Analytical methodologies for the determination of these compounds in fish oil have been developed. Sample purification, fractionation of the analytes and instrumental determination steps have been deeply studied. The method has been validated with satisfactory results, and its performance has been verified through its participation in several intercalibration exercises and studies with real fish oil samples. Elimination of persistent organic pollutants with silicon and carbon-based adsorbents has been studied. The experimental conditions have been studied in depth with an experimental design, to finally optimize the adsorption method using an evolutionary design. Best results have been obtained with the active carbon, showing high efficiency of the removal of PCDD/Fs, dioxin-like PCBs and HCB. Elimination of persistent organic pollutants with photochemical degradation techniques has been studied. Initially, each family of pollutants has been photodegraded separately, to determine its degradation conditions, as well as degradation mechanisms and by-products. Later, simultaneous photodegradation of the analytes has been studied in fish oil. This technique has shown high efficiency on the degradation of DDT, PBDEs, HCB and dioxin-like PCBs. The quality of the oils before and after the treatments with solid adsorbents and photochemical degradation has also been studied. The adsorption process does not significantly affect the quality of the oils, while photochemical techniques can degrade the unsaturated fatty acids. Elimination of persistent organic pollutants in fish oil combining adsorption in solids and photochemical degradation has been studied. Results obtained with each of the developed methodologies (adsorption, photodegradation and combined method) were compared. Adsorption in active carbon is the most suitable process for COPs elimination in fish oil. Finally, diastereoisomeric and enantiomeric levels of an emerging pollutant –hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD)- in fish oil have been studied. Its elimination has been evaluated with carbon-based adsorbents and photochemical degradation, being mainly eliminated with the photodegradation techniques.
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Rönn, Monika. "Environmental Contaminants and Obesity". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Arbets- och miljömedicin, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-209807.
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Obesity is a worldwide problem affecting both children and adults. Genetic, physiological, environmental, psychological, social and economic factors interact in varying degrees, influencing body weight and fat distribution and the progress of obesity. Moreover, some anthropogenic chemicals have proven to be endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with the potential to interfere with different actions of hormones in the body. EDCs may thereby disrupt homeostasis, modifying developmental, behavioral and immune functions in humans and animals, and also promoting adiposity. Because hormones generally act at low concentrations, small changes in the endocrine system may lead to extensive effects. Based on data from experimental and epidemiological studies this thesis elucidates the relationship between a large number of environmental contaminants and obesity. The experimental studies demonstrated that fructose supplementation in the drinking water resulted in unfavorable metabolic alterations such as a higher liver somatic index (LSI), an increase in plasma triglycerides and increased plasma levels of apo A-I. Fructose in combination with exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) increased liver fat content and plasma levels of apo A-I in juvenile female Fischer 344 rats. The experimental studies also showed that the retro-peritoneal fat, which in rats is a distinct fat depot easy to distinguish and dissect, correlated well with the measurements of total fat mass analyzed with MRI, and could therefore be used as a substitute for total fat mass in rats. The epidemiological studies showed that circulating levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were related to fat mass measured by DXA. OCDD, HCB, TNC, DDE and the less chlorinated PCBs were positively related to fat mass, while the more highly chlorinated PCBs showed a negative association. Further, circulating levels of BPA were positively associated with levels of the hormones adiponectin and leptin, but negatively related with ghrelin, hormones which are involved in the regulation of hunger and satiety. However, serum BPA levels were not related to measures of fat mass in the elderly individuals in the PIVUS cohort. This thesis concludes that environmental contaminants such as BPA and POPs most likely are contributors, along with genetic, social and behavioral factors, to the development of obesity.
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Vidal, Lara Gama. "O uso do boto-cinza (Sotalia guianensis) como sentinela da poluição continental por compostos organoclorados (DDT, PCB, HCH, HCB e Mirex) em baías costeiras do Estado do Rio de Janeiro". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2787.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorConcentrações de compostos organoclorados (DDTs, PCBs, HCHs, Mirex e HCB) foram determinadas em camadas externas e internas do tecido adiposo subcutâneo de 17 botos-cinza (Sotalia guianensis) da região Sudeste do Brasil. Não houve diferenças estatísticas significativas entre os estratos, relativo aos 37 compostos determinados, assim como ΣDDT, ΣPCB, ΣHCH, e as razões p,p-DDE/ΣDDT e ΣDDT/ΣPCB. Entretanto, foram observadas diferenças significativas nas concentrações de alguns compostos organoclorados de animais encalhados ou capturados acidentalmente quando comparados com animais biopsiados remotamente, sendo assim as comparações entre esses dois conjuntos de dados, devem ser vistas com cuidado. No presente estudo, as concentrações dos compostos organoclorados foram determinadas em biópsias de botos-cinza obtidas de 2007 a 2009, nas baías de Sepetiba (n=13) e Ilha Grande (n=11), Sudeste do Brasil. As concentrações (ng/g de lipídio) variaram de
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Madishetty, Suresh. "Design of Multi-Beam Hybrid Digital Beamforming Receivers". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1545178805415923.
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