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1

Moskwa, Leopold. "Commercial law in Poland: Partnerships". Pravovedenie 65, nr 1 (2021): 76–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2021.105.

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Commercial law has lost its status as a branch of law separate from civil law and currently forms only a specialised part of it. The key criterion for distinguishing commercial law is the entrepreneur in the sense that commercial law is “the private law of entrepreneurs”. Due to their key importance on the market, commercial law companies occupy a special place among entrepreneurs and therefore there are attempts to make these forms of business activity as attractive as possible. The same applies to partnerships. Therefore, the following legislative efforts should be noted. Owing to the introduction of the Commercial Companies Code in 2001, partnerships gained legal capacity, but were not equipped with legal personality, and continued to be considered “imperfect” legal persons. Consequently, although they may acquire rights and incur liabilities, unlike legal persons, they are tax “transparent”, which means that they are not subject to income tax. The adoption of the principle of subsidiary liability of partners for the obligations of a partnership has become an important step and it strengthens the position of partners. This means that the creditor of a partnership may only conduct enforcement from the partners’ assets when the enforcement against the partnership’s assets proves ineffective. As a result, as long as the claims of the partnership’s creditors can be satisfied from the partnership’s assets, the partners are not in danger of being held liable for the partnership’s obligations. The introduction of two new types of partnerships into the Polish legal system, namely the professional partnership and a limited joint-stock partnership is of great importance. The former is intended only for professionals and regulates the liability of a partner for the company’s obligations in a very favourable manner. The partner is liable in a limited manner, i. e., solely for malpractice committed by himself or by persons under his supervision. In turn, a limited joint-stock partnership was introduced to protect entrepreneurs (general partners in spe) who intend to recapitalise on the enterprise which usually has an established position on the market, by issuing shares, without exposing themselves to the danger of the so-called hostile takeover.
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Chandanabhumma, P. Paul, Adena Gabrysiak, Barbara L. Brush, Chris M. Coombe, Eugenia Eng, Megan Jensen, Laurie Lachance, Peggy Shepard, Nina B. Wallerstein i Barbara A. Israel. "Cultivating an Ecosystem: A Qualitative Exploration of Sustainability in Long-Standing Community-Based Participatory Research Partnerships". Progress in Community Health Partnerships: Research, Education, and Action 17, nr 3 (wrzesień 2023): 393–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cpr.2023.a907970.

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Abstract: Background: While sustainability is crucial to the success of community-based participatory research (CBPR) partnerships, there is a lack of conceptual clarity on what defines sustainability and what characterizes sustainability-promoting practices in long-standing (in existence 6 years or longer) CBPR partnerships. Objectives: The aim of this article is to explore the definition of sustainability, as well as practices that influence sustainability from the perspectives of academic and community experts in long-standing CBPR partnerships. Methods: This qualitative analysis is part of Measurement Approaches to Partnership Success, a participatory mixed methods validity study that examined "success" and its contributing factors in long-standing CBPR partnerships. Thematic analysis of 21 semistructured interviews was conducted, including 10 academic and 11 community experts of long-standing CBPR partnerships. Results: The key defining components of sustainability we identified include: distinguishing between sustaining the work of the partnership and ongoing relationships among partners; working towards a common goal over time; and enduring changes that impact the partnership. We further identified strengthening and capacity building practices at multiple levels of the partnership that served to promote the sustainability of the partnership's work and of ongoing relationships among partners. Conclusions: Sustainability can be understood as supporting an ecosystem that surrounds the beneficial relationships between academic and community partners. Ongoing evaluation and application of practices that promote the sustainability of partnership activities and relationships may strengthen the long-term effectiveness of CBPR partnerships in advancing health equity.
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Herab, Ahmed, Ahmad Al-Ghamdi, Khodran Alzahrani, Khalid M. Elhindi, Muhammad Muddassir i Hazem S. Kassem. "A Framework for Quantifying the Strength of Partnerships between Agricultural Cooperatives and Development Actors: A Case Study in Saudi Arabia". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, nr 1 (26.12.2022): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010364.

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The issue of the agricultural cooperatives’ sustainability in developing their businesses is gaining increasing prominence. Building partnerships between development actors and agricultural cooperatives has been considered an effective strategy for supporting financial capital and addressing sustainability issues collectively. Therefore, this study aimed to address the features and strengths of 33 partnerships established between the Beekeeping Cooperative Association in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia, and other actors between 2016 and 2021. The analysis of the collaborations was based on six criteria: motivations, partnership planning, outputs, governance practices, outcomes, and sustainability of a partnership. Furthermore, we developed a weighted scoring model to control variable selection and submit the strength of each partnership. The findings indicated that most collaborations (45.5%) were signed with the private sector. Furthermore, the honey value chain development was the most frequent reason (69.7%) attracting the partners to engage in the partnerships. Some of the most critical environmental objectives targeted by the partnerships examined were enhancing bee habitat by the diversification of pasture species, management to increase the flowering period, and proper grazing management. All partners achieved their individual goals jointly in 54.5% of the partnerships analyzed. In terms of a partnership’s strength, the findings also revealed that only three partnerships (9.1%) were characterized as strong partnerships. This study provides a better understanding of how agricultural cooperatives collaborate with other actors and a basis for assessing the strength of the partnerships. Such information is crucial for developing relevant policies to encourage cooperatives to engage in future sustainability partnerships.
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Monroe, Andrea. "Making Tax Law Work: Improvisation and Forgotten Taxpayers in Partnership Tax". University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, nr 55.3 (2022): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.55.3.making.

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There is a growing awareness that federal tax law caters to a small number of wealthy and well-advised taxpayers without regard for the rest of the taxpaying public, and partnership tax is a prime example. This Article explains how complexity and indeterminacy have transformed partnership tax, harming millions of forgotten taxpayers who struggle to comply with their annual filing obligations. A root cause of this phenomenon is the professional culture among elite practitioners, policymakers, and scholars at the heart of the partnership tax system. The most troublesome provisions of partnership tax are also its most fundamental—namely the allocation rules that regulate how partners share a partnership’s taxable items. Complexity is a universal problem faced by partnerships at all levels of wealth, status, and sophistication, and the vast majority of taxpayers respond with improvisational tax compliance. Indeed, in remarkably diverse contexts, improvisation has replaced technical compliance as the norm in partnership allocations. Wealthy partnerships make a strategic choice to improvise, using “target allocations,” while poorer partnerships improvise because they have no other choice, routinely following “intuitive” tax law and hoping for the best. Reframing this complexity problem as a shared experience of all partnerships exposes the technical and cultural fractures of partnership tax in a new and different light. First, the technical rules governing partnership allocations do not work as designed for any category of partnership. A second, less explored fracture is the professional culture of partnership tax, which takes for granted the technical sophistication of substantive tax law without appreciating the distributional consequences of sustained complexity and improvisation. Partnership allocations require more than technical solutions. One necessary step is addressing the professional culture of partnership tax to rethink what it means for tax law to work. This Article proposes that partnership reforms developed by experts and directed at wealthy and well-advised partnerships should be accompanied by reforms addressing parallel problems faced by forgotten partnerships. The solutions will necessarily differ, but a bilateral focus on the universal problems of all partnerships would represent meaningful progress, signaling a commitment to a fair, principled, and representative system of partnership tax.
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Yu, Tsu-Wei, i Yung-Ming Shiu. "Partnership between life insurers and their intermediaries". Management Research Review 37, nr 4 (11.03.2014): 385–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-11-2012-0243.

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Purpose – The purpose of this study attempts to fill the gap in the literature by investigating partnerships between life insurers and insurance intermediaries, the effects of these partnerships, and the parties' willingness to cooperate. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected in a survey of general managers of the insurance intermediaries in Taiwan and were analysed using in-depth interviews and questionnaires. A structural equation modelling approach is employed to test the hypotheses. Findings – The paper finds that partnership components, communication strategies, conflict resolution approaches, and market orientation are related to partnership performance. The paper also finds that willingness to continue cooperation increases with partnership performance. The results have implications for managers of life insurers and their intermediaries. Originality/value – This research is one of the first studies to conceptualize and empirically examine the partnerships of life insurers and insurance intermediaries. Theoretically, a specification of the linkages between characteristics of the partnership, communication strategies, conflict resolution approaches, the market orientation of the partners, the partnership's performance and both parties' willingness to continue cooperation can provide a useful framework for future research. Practically, this study offers insights into how to proactively manage partnerships in order to improve partnership performance, willingness to continue cooperation and avoid the damaging costs inherent in failure.
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Brinkerhoff, Derick W., i Jennifer M. Brinkerhoff. "Partnerships Between International Donors and Non-Governmental Development Organizations: Opportunities and Constraints". International Review of Administrative Sciences 70, nr 2 (czerwiec 2004): 253–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852304044254.

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This article examines partnerships between international donors and non-governmental development organizations (NGDOs). Following a discussion of partnership’s rationale and presumed benefits, the article provides a general overview of selected donors’ partnership experience and describes four illustrations of donor– NGDO partnership. Opportunities and constraints are identified, illustrating gaps in oratory and practice. Identified challenges include constraints related to donorinitiated partnerships, addressing the legacy of past relationships, the insufficiency of relying on personal relationships, and the limits of good intentions. The article stresses the importance of recognizing the political and economic realities that frame donor–NGDO relationships and condition incentives on both sides of the partnership.
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Smith, Susan, Kimiya Akhyani, Dan Axson, Andre Arnautu i Ilina Stanimirova. "The partnership co-creation process: Conditions for success?" International Journal for Students as Partners 5, nr 2 (17.11.2021): 48–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15173/ijsap.v5i2.4772.

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Staff-student partnership activity continues to increase across the higher education sector, expanding to encompass a broad range of initiatives. Numerous frameworks and typologies have been proposed to help organise the literature and facilitate comparisons among different types of partnerships. The research reported here draws on a case study of a quality-enhancement staff-student partnership to identify the stages of the partnership co-creation process. It argues that the establishment of partnership values is intertwined with the stages of the co-creation process and is critical to the partnership’s success. This research contributes to practice and the literature by offering a practical approach to managing a staff-student partnership, adding to work on quality enhancement partnerships, and extending prior work evaluating partnership activity from the perspectives of multiple stakeholders.
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Weiss, Elisa S., Rebecca Miller Anderson i Roz D. Lasker. "Making the Most of Collaboration: Exploring the Relationship Between Partnership Synergy and Partnership Functioning". Health Education & Behavior 29, nr 6 (grudzień 2002): 683–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109019802237938.

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Considering the challenges inherent to collaboration and the time it takes to achieve measurable outcomes, partnerships need a way to determine, at an early stage, whether they are making the most of collaboration. The authors have developed a new measure, partnership synergy, which assesses the degree to which a partnership’s collaborative process successfully combines its participants’ perspectives, knowledge, and skills. This article reports the results of a national study designed to examine the relationship between partnership synergy and six dimensions of partnership functioning: leadership, administration and management, partnership efficiency, nonfinancial resources, partner involvement challenges, and community-related challenges. Data were collected from 815 informants in 63 partnerships. Results of regression analysis conducted with partnership-level data indicated that partnership synergy was most closely related to leadership effectiveness and partnership efficiency. Implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed.
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Mashchenko, Maryna, Evgen Shapran i Oleksiy Petrukhnov. "PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP AS A CATALYST FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT: MUTUALLY BENEFICIAL COOPERATION FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH". Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics and Technology 8, nr 2 (20.03.2023): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2023-2-6.

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Public-private partnership (PPP) is considered one of the effective instruments for collaboration between the government and the private sector in stimulating economic development. PPP can catalyze entrepreneurial growth, foster a favorable business environment, and accelerate infrastructure and socio-economic projects. This research aims to develop theoretical and methodological approaches to ensure public-private entrepreneurial development partnerships. Public-private partnership (PPP) is recognized as a driving force for entrepreneurial development, as it opens new prospects and opportunities for creating a favorable business environment. Ukraine's public-private partnership's entrepreneurial development principles have been formulated. The objectives and tasks of the program for the development of public-private partnerships for entrepreneurial development have been systematized, including goals and studies aimed at supporting and stimulating entrepreneurship through public-private partnerships: creating a favorable investment climate; supporting small and medium enterprises; fostering innovative entrepreneurship; expanding export potential; promoting sectoral collaboration. The main directions for establishing public-private partnerships in Ukraine for entrepreneurial development have been proposed. The following methodological approach is suggested to ensure a successful public-private partnership for entrepreneurial development, which includes the following stages: analysis of needs and goals, development of a strategy for public-private partnership for entrepreneurial development, improvement of the legislative framework, the establishment of communication mechanisms, financial support, creation of a favorable regulatory environment, support for education and training, monitoring and evaluation of joint PPP projects. This methodological approach will help create a conducive platform for public-private partnerships and contribute to entrepreneurial development. Research on the principles, methods, and directions for implementing public-private partnership mechanisms has allowed the construction of an organizational and economic model for its functioning with the aim of entrepreneurial development, enabling effective coordination among enterprises, market institutions, and government bodies for joint entrepreneurial development and the achievement of positive socio-economic results. Recommendations have been developed to ensure public-private partnerships for entrepreneurial development, which will contribute to economic growth. Keywords: public-private partnership, entrepreneurship, socio-economic development, business.
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Weiss, Elisa S., Shahnaz K. Taber, Erica S. Breslau, Sarah E. Lillie i Yuelin Li. "The Role of Leadership and Management in Six Southern Public Health Partnerships: A Study of Member Involvement and Satisfaction". Health Education & Behavior 37, nr 5 (październik 2010): 737–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198110364613.

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Research has led to greater understanding of what is needed to create and sustain well-functioning public health partnerships. However, a partnership’s ability to foster an environment that encourages broad member involvement in discussions, decision making, and activities has received scant empirical attention. This study examined the relationship between partnership members’ perceptions of how well leadership and management facilitated their involvement, and their satisfaction with their role and influence within the partnership. Data came from 60 individuals who participated in two waves of a quantitative process evaluation of six southern interorganizational partnerships, formed as part of a national pilot project to increase cervical and breast cancer screening rates. Results suggested that environments fostering broad partner involvement were associated with measures of member satisfaction, controlling for other partnership characteristics. Findings indicated that facilitation of member involvement deserves increased consideration from researchers and practitioners as an indicator of the quality of partnership functioning.
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Angelini, Antonella. "A Trouble Shared is a Trouble Halved". International Organizations Law Review 13, nr 1 (3.09.2016): 171–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15723747-01301009.

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The World Bank has a large partnership portfolio, including international organizations and private actors. Due to their diversity and to the ambitious programs they pursue, partners are highly exposed to financial and operational risk. Curbing this risk takes different shapes in the legal design of partnerships. In particular, partnerships differ in terms of the degree of legal continuity along the stages of decision-making, management of funds and program implementation. This configuration raises several problems for the attribution of international legal responsibility for partnership-related activities. In some cases, the problem is one of attribution of conduct at the level of the partnership’s governing body as well as at that of implementation. More broadly, the policy of risk management leads to a dilution of control within the partnership chain. This means that one can construe only certain partnership programmes, or certain segments of a partnership, as amassing enough control for responsibility to arise.
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Jones, Jacky, i Margaret M. Barry. "Factors influencing trust and mistrust in health promotion partnerships". Global Health Promotion 25, nr 2 (27.07.2016): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757975916656364.

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Partnerships between sectors can achieve better outcomes than can be achieved by individual partners working alone. Trust is necessary for partnerships to function effectively. Mistrust makes partnership working difficult, if not impossible. There has been little research into partnership functioning factors that influence trust and mistrust. This study aimed to identify these factors in health promotion partnerships. Data were collected from 337 partners in 40 health promotion partnerships using a postal survey. The questionnaire incorporated multi-dimensional scales designed to assess the contribution of factors that influence partnership trust and mistrust. Newly validated scales were developed for trust, mistrust and power. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify the significance of each factor to partnership trust and mistrust. Power was found to be the only predictor of partnership trust. Power, leadership, and efficiency were the most important factors influencing partnership mistrust. Power in partnerships must be shared or partners will not trust each other. Power-sharing and trust-building mechanisms need to be built into partnerships from the beginning and sustained throughout the collaborative process.
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Loban, Ekaterina, Catherine Scott, Virginia Lewis, Susan Law i Jeannie Haggerty. "Activating Partnership Assets to Produce Synergy in Primary Health Care: A Mixed Methods Study". Healthcare 9, nr 8 (18.08.2021): 1060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9081060.

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Partnerships are an important mechanism to tackle complex problems that extend beyond traditional organizational divides. Partnerships are widely endorsed, but there is a need to strengthen the evidence base relating to claims of their effectiveness. This article presents findings from a mixed methods study conducted with the aim of understanding partnership processes and how various partnership factors contribute to partnership effectiveness. The study involved five multi-stakeholder partnerships in Canada and Australia working towards improving accessibility to primary health care for vulnerable populations. Qualitative data were collected through the observation of 14 partnership meetings and individual semi-structured interviews (n = 16) and informed the adaptation of an existing Partnership Self-Assessment Tool. The instrument was administered to five partnerships (n = 54). The results highlight partnership complexity and the dynamic and contingent nature of partnership processes. Synergistic action among multiple stakeholders was achieved through enabling processes at the interpersonal, operational and system levels. Synergy was associated with partnership leadership, administration and management, decision-making, the ability of partnerships to optimize the involvement of partners and the sufficiency of non-financial resources. The Partnership Synergy framework was useful in assessing the intermediate outcomes of ongoing partnerships when it was too early to assess the achievement of long-term intended outcomes.
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Mayan, Maria, Sanchia Lo, Merin Oleschuk, Anna Paucholo i Daley Laing. "Leadership in Community-Based Participatory Research: Individual to Collective". Engaged Scholar Journal: Community-Engaged Research, Teaching, and Learning 2, nr 2 (23.06.2017): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15402/esj.v2i2.162.

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Multi-sector collaborative partnerships hold much promise in tackling seemingly intractable and complex social issues. However, they often encounter many challenges in achieving their goals. Leadership can play an important role in reducing the impact of factors that threaten a multi-sector partnership’s success. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) partnerships are collaborative and, in many cases, multi-sectored. While there is a developing literature and practice on multi-sector, collaborative partnerships, leadership in CBPR is relatively unexplored, especially at various partnership stages (i.e., formation, implementation, maintenance, and accomplishment of goal). Through the method of focused ethnography, we explored the research question “How is leadership exercised during the formation stage of a CBPR partnership?” Eighteen partners (government, community, and university sectors) were interviewed about the leadership during the formation stage of their partnership, and data were qualitatively content-analyzed. Partners explained that leadership was exercised during the formation stage through (1) individual characteristics, (2) actions, and (3) as a collective. Our findings illustrate that CBPR leadership shares many of the characteristics of traditional leadership and adapts them to support the collaborative process of CBPR, leading to a collective form of leadership. These findings have implications for the study and practice of CBPR leadership.
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Raftery, Philomena, Mazeda Hossain i Jennifer Palmer. "A conceptual framework for analysing partnership and synergy in a global health alliance: case of the UK Public Health Rapid Support Team". Health Policy and Planning 37, nr 3 (17.12.2021): 322–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czab150.

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Abstract Partnerships have become increasingly important in addressing complex global health challenges, a reality exemplified by the COVID-19 pandemic and previous infectious disease epidemics. Partnerships offer opportunities to create synergistic outcomes by capitalizing on complimentary skills, knowledge and resources. Despite the importance of understanding partnership functioning, research on collaboration is sparse and fragmented, with few conceptual frameworks applied to evaluate real-life partnerships in global health. In this study, we aimed to adapt and apply the Bergan Model of Collaborative Functioning (BMCF) to analyse partnership functioning in the UK Public Health Rapid Support Team (UK-PHRST), a government–academic partnership, dedicated to outbreak response and research in low- and middle-income countries. We conducted a literature review identifying important elements to adapt the framework, followed by a qualitative case study to characterize how each element, and the dynamics between them, influenced functioning in the UK-PHRST, exploring emerging themes to further refine the framework. Elements of the BMCF that our study reinforced as important included the partnership’s mission, partner resources (skills, expertise and networks), leadership, the external environment, management systems and communication. Additional elements identified in the literature and critical to partnership functioning of the UK-PHRST included governance and financial structures adopted, trust and power balance, organizational culture, strategy and evaluation and knowledge management. Because of the way the UK-PHRST was structured, fostering team cohesion was an important indicator of synergy, alongside collaborative advantage. Dividing the funding and governance equally between organizations was considered crucial for maintaining institutional balance; however, diverse organizational cultures, weak communication practices and perceived power imbalances compromised team cohesion. Our analysis allowed us to make recommendations to improve partnership functioning at a critical time in the evolution of the UK-PHRST. The analysis approach and framework presented here can be used to evaluate and strengthen the management of global health partnerships to realize synergy.
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Jarosz, Iwo. "Obowiązek wniesienia wkładu w spółkach osobowych. Uwagi krytyczne". Studenckie Prace Prawnicze, Administratywistyczne i Ekonomiczne 25 (24.09.2018): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1733-5779.25.4.

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The obligation to make contributions to partnerships. Critical remarksAn important feature of the regulation of partnerships in Polish law is that contributions are shaped as mandatory elements. Contributions need to be determined by the partners in the partnership agreement and made, i.e. transferred to the partnership’s assets. The peculiar aspect of partnerships which is their normative model providing for their lack of legal capacity prior to registration impedes obedience to this requirement in the case of certain contributions, such as real property, compelling the lawyers to construct elaborate theoretical mechanisms aiming to allow the making of such contributions. Parallel to the inadmissibility of contribution-less partnerships is the requirement that all partners make contributions. This text aims to examine and verify whether such shape of the partnerships’ model in Polish law, placing on each and every partner a requirement to determine in the partnership agreement and make contributions, is practically beneficial, given the aims it is deemed to pursue as well as the values it is supposed to protect. The author argues that the protection of creditors does not constitute proper justification for the contemporary regulation, as in the case of partnerships such protection is effected, above all, through the partners’ personal liability. The text shall also show that, given the lack of any threshold regulating the minimal contribution, the issues of protecting the legal relations from the establishment of entities failing to pass the so-called gravity test. The author will examine the provisions of Polish law — namely, the Code of Commercial Companies — employing the formal-dogmatic method. Comparative methods will also be utilized, allowing to construe further arguments based on the development of the European law and the laws of certain member states, showing the advisability and rationality of accepting the contributions-less model with respect to partnerships. Therefore, there exist convincing reasons to allow the establishment of contribution-less partnerships.
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Rosanti, Novi, Nia Okta Sari i Teguh Endaryanto. "THE IMPACT OF BROILER FARMING BUSINESS PARTNERSHIP ON PRODUCTION COST AND INCOME IN METRO CITY". Journal of Integrated Agribusiness 4, nr 1 (30.05.2022): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/jia.v4i1.2873.

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Partnership pattern was the pattern of managing broiler chicken business through cooperation with companies that offered many benefits so that most breeders were encouraged to established partnership patterns. But in the implementation of partnerships not always run in accordance with the agreement because there were some frauds committed by farmers and companies. The risk of frauds made some farmers chose to manage the broiler breed chicken business independently. The difference in implementation between partnership patterns and self-sustaining patterns can have a performance impact on broiler chicken breeders. This study aims to analyze the partnership patterns, analyze the partnership's driving factors and analyze the impact of partnerships on the production and income costs of broiler breed chicken farmers in Metro City. This study was conducted from October 12 to November 30, 2020 located in Metro City. The methods were used in this research were qualitative and quantitative combined methods. The data was collected through a survey by interviewing directly 59 respondents. The result of this research were The pattern of partnerships of broiler breed chicken farmers in Metro City was the plasma core pattern, 2) The driving factors of partnership in broiler chicken breeders were capital availability motivation, market guarantee motivation, price guarantee motivation and high income motivation, 3) Statistically the partnership pattern had an impact on income and labor allocation. The company could improve the services that were felt by farmer tobe lacking, such as the accuracy of providing production facillities and payment of harverts and could provide competitive sell prices to breeders partner.
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S.O., Nischymna, Zlyvko S.V/ i Sykal M.M. "Consumer partnerships as organizational and legal form of a juridical entityэ". Scientific Herald of Sivershchyna. Series: Law 2020, nr 2 (18.12.2020): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjlaw.2020.02.028.

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The status of a consumer partnership as one of organizational and legal forms of juridical entities, that is also one of organizational and legal forms of citizens’ more active participation in state-management and their personal needs satisfaction is determined in the article. The norms of the Civil Code and the State Code of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine “On Cooperation” and the “On Consumer Cooperation” are analyzed. According to the mentioned documents an independent, democratic citizens’ organization who unite in order to conduct common management for the sake of improving their economic and social status on the basis of voluntary partnership and mutual support are considered to be a consumer partnership. The above mentioned regulatory legal acts provide for different features of consumer partnerships. The features of consumer partnerships provided by current legislation are not civil and legal in their nature. Such a situation has become a legacy of the fact that the principles of legal regulation of the system of consumer partnerships, formed in the USSR, has not almost been changed yet. The very fact is that there is a need to develop a new legal model of consumer partnerships, which structure will take into account modern tendencies of the development of European legislation. It’s possible to formulate a list of civil and legal features of consumer cooperative partnerships that will distinguish them among any other partnerships. Namely they are: non-entrepreneurial legal status of consumer partnership; sufficiency of the main rights of the members of a partnership; subjects of property right of the members of a partnership; responsibility of the members of a partnership for obligations of a consumer partnership. All these features allow us to distinguish consumer partnerships as a separate organizational and legal form of non-entrepreneurial partnerships. The following definition of a consumer cooperative partnership can be proposed: it is a non-entrepreneurial cooperative partnership which members have a right for a concern. The size of this concern is determined as a set of unit and additional contributions. The members are liable within the value of the unit and are entitled to profit within the limits determined by law. Key words: cooperative, consumer partnership, features of consumer partnerships.
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Ostrowdun, Christopher, Rayna Friendly, Kelly Matthews, Alise De Bie i Frits Roelofs. "Holding space and engaging with difference: Navigating the personal theories we carry into our pedagogical partnership practices". International Journal for Students as Partners 4, nr 1 (9.04.2020): 82–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15173/ijsap.v4i1.4093.

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Partnerships between students and faculty are increasingly established within higher education. Everyone’s unique life story or background influences how they understand partnership praxis. Acknowledging individual understandings of student-faculty partnership matters because personal stories can influence how such partnerships form, function, and evolve. We, as students and faculty, share our individual theories of partnership to illuminate differing ways people can make sense of partnership as praxis. Using a reflective, autoethnographic research approach, we unpack two interdependent threads from our narratives: (a) holding space for how personal histories shape the experience of partnership and (b) engaging the messiness of partnership. To understand and nurture inclusive practices, we contend, means engaging the unique standpoints and social positions that both students and faculty bring into partnerships. Instead of attempting to collapse and converge different perspectives of partnership, we take pause to consider how these differences can enrich partnerships and be honoured throughout a partnership
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Rezaei, Jafar, Roland Ortt i Paul Trott. "Supply chain drivers, partnerships and performance of high-tech SMEs". International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 67, nr 4 (9.04.2018): 629–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-01-2017-0017.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine high-tech small-to-medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) supply chain partnerships. Partnerships are considered at the level of business function rather than the entire organisation. Second, the drivers of SMEs to engage in partnerships are assessed to see whether functions engage in partnerships for different reasons. Third, performance per function is assessed to see the differential effect of partnerships on the function’s performance. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the relationship between the drivers of SMEs to engage in partnerships, four types of partnerships (marketing and sales, research and development (R&D), purchasing and logistics, and production) and four types of functional performances of firms (marketing and sales, R&D, purchasing and logistics, and production) are examined. The data have been collected from 279 SMEs. The proposed hypotheses are tested using structural equation modelling. Findings The results indicate that there are considerable differences between business functions in terms of the degree of involvement in partnerships and the effect of partnerships on the performance of these functions. This paper contributes to research by explaining the contradictory results of partnerships on SMEs performance. Practical implications This study helps firms understand which type of partnership should be established based on the firm’s drivers to engage in supply chain partnership; and which partnership has a significant effect on which type of business performance of the firm. Originality/value The originality of this study is to investigate the relationship between different drivers to engage in supply chain partnership and different types of partnerships and different functional performance of firm in a single model.
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McDONALD, IAN. "Theorising Partnerships: Governance, Communicative Action and Sport Policy". Journal of Social Policy 34, nr 4 (październik 2005): 579–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279405009165.

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Under New Labour, partnerships have emerged to become a central mechanism of service delivery in social policy. In response to this development, a number of papers and texts have appeared that have questioned the claims made for the benefits of partnerships by politicians and policy makers. In particular, the gap between the rhetoric of inclusiveness and the practice of exclusion in partnership working has been highlighted. However, as pertinent as these insights are, it is argued here that extant research into partnerships in social policy remains theoretically undeveloped, characterised by one-sided approaches that either lack critical edge or are dismissive of the potential of partnership working. What is required is an approach that addresses the deeper contradictions of partnerships in social policy and the structuring relations of power underpinning the conceptions of partnerships. Drawing on key concepts in social and political theory, this article proposes a theoretical framework that focuses on the dynamic and contextual nature of partnership. In short, a differentiated theory of partnership is offered as a means of facilitating a more realistic understanding of the limits and possibilities of partnership working. A case study on partnerships in sport policy is used to illustrate the analysis.
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Astuti, Linda Tri Wira, Diana Sofia Huitron Flores, Iman Arman, Herawati Herawati i Yenny Laura Butarbutar. "The impact of farmer partnerships on arabica coffee farming in Simalungun Regency, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia". AGRIEKONOMIKA 11, nr 2 (31.10.2022): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/agriekonomika.v11i2.14810.

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Coffee is one of Indonesia's main economic activities for foreign exchange. An increase in exports of 8.11%, and a decline in imports of 58% in 2019, opened up export opportunities and large domestic markets. The government has implemented efforts to improve coffee farmers' welfare, one of which is agricultural business partnerships that can solve smallholder problems in developing countries and expand subsistence or traditional agriculture to high production value and export-oriented. This research aimed to analyze (1) the factors influencing coffee farmers' participation in agricultural partnerships and (2) the impact of the agricultural partnership on coffee farmers' performance in Simalungun Regency, North Sumatra Province. The Propensity Score Matching (PSM) technique analyzed the partnership's influence on coffee farming and agricultural income, productivity, and prices. The results showed that number of dependents household members and land area influence farmers' partnership participation. Participation increases coffee farming and agricultural income, productivity, and prices.
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Grant, Carl. "A Partnership for Creating Successful Partnerships". Information Technology and Libraries 29, nr 1 (1.03.2010): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ital.v29i1.3151.

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Rathi, Dinesh, Lisa M. Given i Eric Forcier. "Interorganisational partnerships and knowledge sharing: the perspective of non-profit organisations (NPOs)". Journal of Knowledge Management 18, nr 5 (2.09.2014): 867–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-06-2014-0256.

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Purpose – This paper aims first to identify key interorganisational partnership types among non-profit organisations (NPOs) and second to determine how knowledge sharing takes place within each type of partnership. Results explore the value of social media specifically in facilitating external relationships between NPOs, firms and the communities they serve. Design/methodology/approach – Empirical qualitative analysis of exploratory interviews with 16 Canadian NPOs generates a non-exhaustive classification of partnership types emerging from these organisations, and their defining characteristics in the context of interorganisational knowledge sharing. Findings – Overall eight categories of partnerships from the sampled NPOs emerged from the analysis of the data. These include business partnerships, sector partnerships, community partnerships, government partnerships, expert partnerships, endorsement partnerships, charter partnerships and hybrid partnerships. Using examples from interviews, the sharing of knowledge within each of these partnerships is defined uniquely in terms of directionality (i.e. uni-directional, bi-directional, multi-directional knowledge sharing) and formality (i.e. informal, semi-formal or formal knowledge sharing).Specific practices within these relationships also arise from examples, in particular, the use of social media to support informal and community-driven collaborations. Twitter, as a popular social networking tool, emerges as a preferred medium that supports interorganisational partnerships relevant to NPOs. Originality/value – This research is valuable in identifying the knowledge management practices unique to NPOs. By examining and discussing specific examples of partnerships encountered among NPOs, this paper contributes original findings about the implications of interorganisational knowledge sharing, as well as the impact of emerging social technologies on same.
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Crockett, Jamelyn, Patrick Haydell, Lauren Hynson, Kristen Joseph, Marybeth Lima, Tejasri Sunchu i Shane Vallery. "Beyond the Deliverable". International Journal for Service Learning in Engineering, Humanitarian Engineering and Social Entrepreneurship 17, nr 2 (22.11.2022): 33–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ijsle.v17i2.15687.

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Those who participate in service-learning/civic engagement (SLCE) in engineering have a common practice of reflecting on partnerships to determine if they were successful and how they might be improved. But what makes a partnership successful? We wanted to learn more about how and why to quantify partnership success to think “beyond the deliverable,” which is often the singular focus of engineering SLCE projects. To this end, we created a rubric for three dimensions of partnership that we selected after consulting engagement partnership literature: transactional, cooperative, and transformational. Using this rubric, we assessed the 55 completed partnerships of the LSU Community Playground Project (LSUCPP) by plotting scores in a 3-axis coordinate system (transactional as the x-axis, cooperative as the y-axis, and transformational as the z-axis) where a placement closer to (3.0, 3.0, 3.0) means a more universally successful partnership. Within each dimension of partnership, we assessed design, people, and process in equal measure to ensure that we paid adequate attention to each of these key aspects of engineering SLCE efforts. Further, part of this assessment involved surveying constituents (community partners, students, and faculty) about the transformational dimension of completed partnerships. Results showed that our partnerships had high transactional (2.4) and cooperative (2.5) mean scores overall, with a lower transformational mean (1.8). We also identified a transactional/cooperative threshold (2.0/2.0) at which the chance of having a transformational partnership went up; overall, our percentage of highly (2.0 or higher) transformational partnerships was 58%, but 70% of our partnerships that reached the threshold were highly transformational. The aspects of transformation most often identified by our survey respondents included building your capacity personally (81%), building lasting connections with colleagues (73%), and building your capacity professionally (70%). We believe that the method of holistic assessment for community-university partnerships presented here can lead to better engaged partnerships and can be adapted by others who wish to improve their SLCE engineering partnerships.
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Sunderland, Naomi, Debra Domalewski, Elizabeth Kendall i Kylie Armstrong. "Which comes first: the partnership or the tool? Reflections on the effective use of partnership tools in local health partnerships". Australian Journal of Primary Health 15, nr 4 (2009): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py09014.

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This paper focuses on the use of a partnership self-evaluation tool in local health partnerships in Australia. Partnership tools are intended to be used across all phases of partnership development and are typically delivered in the form of a self-administered survey. Survey questions are designed to encourage members of local partnerships to reflect on their progress to date and, if necessary, to reorient future activities to satisfy objectives and desired outcomes. In this paper we argue that without a broader surrounding framework of partnership development and appropriate assistance in administering partnership tools, the potential benefits of self evaluation in local partnerships may be restricted. We base these comments on a study of the use of a partnership self-evaluation tool as part of a broader chronic disease initiative in 17 communities across regional Australia during 2008. Although participants reported favourable outcomes from being involved in the local partnerships, and some found the tool to be of benefit, only 8 of the 17 partnerships actually used the self-evaluation tool. The reported reasons for non-use related primarily to: (1) lack of time; (2) perceptions that it was too early to ‘evaluate’ the partnership; and (3) difficulty in administering the tool. These barriers to use indicate that participants may have been unaware of the potential of the tool to assist in partnership development over time. Partnership participants may require more preparation to use partnership tools in a way that can secure high quality sustainable local health partnerships.
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Hunter, David, i Neil Perkins. "Partnership Working in Public Health: The Implications for Governance of a Systems Approach". Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 17, nr 2_suppl (kwiecień 2012): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jhsrp.2012.011127.

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Objectives Most of the research on partnerships has centred on health and social care, and while many of the findings remain relevant, public health partnerships concerned with ‘wicked issues’ give rise to a different and more complex set of issues which merit exploration. The study aimed to identify those factors promoting effective partnership working for health improvement; to assess the extent to which partnership governance and incentive arrangements were commensurate with the complexities of the problem; and to explore how far local partnerships contributed to better outcomes for individuals and populations. Methods A three-year study of public health partnerships (2007-10) in nine localities across England involving semi-structured interviews at strategic and operational levels. Results Successful partnerships shared a number of characteristics:they were clear about goals and purpose; they were aware of partners' roles and responsibilities; and they had a clear strategic overview of performance through robust monitoring and evaluation. In many cases, partnerships were facades with a ‘silo mentality’ prevailing - there was an unwillingness to share information or resources, or to accord partnership working sufficient priority or support. Despite enthusiasm for partnerships and an insistence that they were essential, it was impossible to establish evidence of their impact on health outcomes. While the focus on partnerships tends to be on structures, relational factors, including high levels of trust and goodwill, were important ingredients of a well-functioning partnership. Less formal and more organic, operational partnerships were more effective than more formal, strategic level ones which were driven by targets. Finally, partnerships were, in part, shaped by the national policy context, with constant policy and organizational churn making it difficult to sustain long-term relationships. Conclusions Future partnerships might be undertaken differently, adopting a complex adaptive systems perspective. This advocates an approach to partnership working that is less focused on rigid structures and much more on relational factors like trust and goodwill.
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Han, Peter Seok Jin, i Taekyoon Kim. "Global partnerships for development and risk tendencies of partners: A theoretical approach with the Gavi case". International Studies Review 19, nr 1 (19.10.2018): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2667078x-01901001.

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Despite the continuous endorsement of global partnership by international community, development partnership faces double road blocks in the field of both theory and practice. Current literature on global partnerships contributes explaining why agents form global partnerships, but fails to elaborate on when and in what actual condition global partnerships occur in a good shape. Discussions on incentives for partnerships and how to fund them also have many rooms for addition. The primary concern of this study is to tackle those problems by incorporating von Neumann and Morgenstern’s Expected Utility Theorem and the economic concept of risk tendency into the field of development partnership. It aims to provide a new theoretical framework for evaluating in what condition global partnerships occur, and then attempts to testify this framework via a case analysis with the Gavi.
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Sumantri, Y., F. Gapsari, S. K. Lau i N. Prinyapol. "Decision framework for public-private partnership in agricultural commodities". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1338, nr 1 (1.05.2024): 012067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1338/1/012067.

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Abstract Public-private partnerships are critical to advancing sustainability in the agricultural sector and increasing global food security. Partnerships are a means of increasing productivity and encouraging growth in the agricultural sector. The Partnership encourages private sector participation to reduce risks that occur in the agricultural sector. The aim of this research is to understand how supply chains are configured, to identify drivers of supply chain partnerships and to synthesize partnership strategies. Currently, agricultural areas in East Java are trying to build sustainable partnerships to improve farmers’ abilities in managing the agricultural sector. By using data from surveys and observations of 50 private companies and 50 farmers spread across the research object locations, it was found that there was quite a significant interaction between intensive coordination, partnership quality, quantity and quality of partners. The mechanisms used in partnerships can encourage sustainable agricultural management. It is hoped that the implementation of these findings can encourage partnerships between the private sector and the public sector to achieve significant development. It is hoped that this partnership can play an important role in addressing agricultural problems. Partnerships are formed to create shared values in the form of an institutional framework to address the root of problems.
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Dotson-Blake, Kylie P. "Learning from Each Other: A Portrait of Family-School-Community Partnerships in the United States and Mexico". Professional School Counseling 14, nr 1 (październik 2010): 2156759X1001400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156759x1001400110.

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Family-school-community partnerships are critically important for the academic success of all students. Unfortunately, in the face of specific barriers, Mexican immigrants struggle to engage in partnership efforts. In the hopes of promoting the engagement of Mexican immigrant families in partnerships, this article presents the findings of a transnational ethnography, exploring family-school-community partnership experiences of Mexican nationalists in Veracruz and Mexican immigrants in North Carolina. A portrait of partnerships in Mexico is contrasted with a portrait of partnerships in the United States, highlighting similarities and differences in role, structure, and function. School counselors are offered strategies for utilizing the knowledge of partnerships in Mexico to promote and support the engagement of Mexican immigrants in partnerships in the United States.
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Wilson, Marion. "The New Frontier in Sustainable Development: World Summit on Sustainable Development Type II Partnerships". Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 36, nr 2 (1.08.2005): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v36i2.5605.

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This article examines an innovative form of environmental governance that was introduced at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg in 2002. The "Type II" partnership is a voluntary, multi-stakeholder initiative to achieve sustainable development outcomes. Little has been written on why partnerships have gained prominence in the international environmental arena, and whether they are deserving of this. This article argues that Type II partnerships are a promising solution to sustainable development issues. Despite criticism, the emphasis placed on Type II Partnerships at the World Summit was deserved. The article also explores ways partnerships may be utilised as an effective mechanism for achieving sustainable development. The process surrounding the World Summit on Sustainable Development partnerships, and the guidelines for those partnerships, can be refined to improve their effectiveness. This article highlights issues that influence improvement of partnerships. A number of principles to guide changes made to the partnership process are formulated, and suggestions are made on how partnerships can become as effective as possible.
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Duane, Sinead, i Christine Domegan. "Social marketing partnerships: Evolution, scope and substance". Marketing Theory 19, nr 2 (11.09.2018): 169–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470593118799810.

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The popularity and benefits of social marketing partnerships accord partnerships as the 5th ‘P’ of the social marketing mix and an essential element of interventions. Yet the scope and substance of partnerships within social marketing remains ambiguous and is an underutilized marketing mix tool. This article critically examines over 50 years of social marketing academic literature to uncover and unpack the full potential of social marketing partnerships and the various forms taken. Periodization is applied as a lens and method for modelling partnership evolution over time. Three dominant eras of social marketing partnerships are evident; the period of transaction, the period of formalization and the period of integrated systems, each with different partnership understandings and characteristics. By examining social marketing partnerships as an evolving entity, this article identifies a ‘constant flux’ trajectory, with partnerships continuing to respond and react to broadening environmental and theoretical catalysts with the development of a model of social marketing partnerships in sight.
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Bryan, Julia A., i Dana Griffin. "A Multidimensional Study of School-Family-Community Partnership Involvement: School, School Counselor, and Training Factors". Professional School Counseling 14, nr 1 (październik 2010): 2156759X1001400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156759x1001400108.

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A multidimensional study examines both the dimensions of school counselors’ involvement in school-family-community partnerships and the factors related to their involvement in partnerships. The School Counselor Involvement in Partnerships Survey was revised and its factor structure examined. Principal factor analyses revealed three dimensions of partnership involvement. A national sample of 217 school counselors was drawn from the Common Core of Data, and hierarchical regression analyses indicated that collaborative school climate, school principal expectations, school counselor self-efficacy about partnerships, role perceptions, time constraints, and hours of partnership-related training were associated with school counselor overall involvement in partnerships. Implications for school counselor practice, training, and research are discussed.
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Vayaliparampil, Mary, Frank Page i Eric Wolterstorff. "The Missing Ingredient for Successful Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships: Cooperative Capacity". Societies 11, nr 2 (21.04.2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc11020037.

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Multi-stakeholder partnerships are an essential vehicle for solving complex societal problems. Agreements governing these partnerships often lack equitable partner agency in framing and enforcing multi-stakeholder agreements. This challenges the partner cooperation needed of partnerships to be effective. This theoretical paper introduces a new original model to measure and develop the cooperative capacity of multi-stakeholder partnerships so that future agreements involving the partnership are framed to share governance equitably among all partners and hence, increase partnership performance and effectiveness. The model provides a methodology to measure and develop the cooperative capacity of multi-stakeholder partnerships through key performance indicators that identify the cooperative state of partners and predicts partnership effectiveness in achieving common goals. The paper traces the theoretical genesis of the model, presents a comprehensive explanation of the model, and provides cases of the model’s application.
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Peters, Michael A., i Tina Besley. "Collaborative Partnerships in Education: Social Innovation and the Co-Creation of Public Knowledge Goods". Beijing International Review of Education 4, nr 2 (9.06.2022): 191–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25902539-04020002.

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Abstract This article reviews collaborative partnerships in the field of education investigating four different models of partnership: (1) The School-Community Partnership Model; (2.) The Public-Private Partnership Model (ppp); (3) Transnational Strategic Collaborative Partnerships; and, (4) The Model of Partnership as Collaboration and Social Innovation in the new digital economy.
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Lannon, John, i John N. Walsh. "Paradoxes and partnerships: a study of knowledge exploration and exploitation in international development programmes". Journal of Knowledge Management 24, nr 1 (28.08.2019): 8–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-09-2018-0605.

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Purpose This paper aims to look at how organisational partnerships balance knowledge exploration and exploitation in contexts that are rife with paradoxes. It draws on paradox theory to examine the partnership’s response to the explore-exploit relationship. Design/methodology/approach A multiple interpretive case study was used to examine international partnerships in three African countries. These partnerships were between international (Northern-based) non-governmental organisations and local African non-governmental organisations. Findings The research finds that within the partnership, knowledge exploration and exploitation exist as a duality rather than a dualism. This is supported by the acceptance and confrontation of paradoxes of performing and belonging. However, macro-level paradoxes of organising linked to power, culture and epistemologies inhibit further effective confrontation of the explore-exploit paradox. Practical implications The findings can help managers working in international development organisations to understand how learning is enabled and constrained in partnership-based programmes. Originality/value The study provides a novel contribution to knowledge management by applying the paradox perspective to the explore-exploit relationship. This paper extends previous work by drawing on the levels and repertoires present in the paradox perspective to understand how knowledge exploration and exploitation can be mutually reinforcing and can exist as a duality.
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Moon, Seungho, Jon Schmidt, Anna Press, Dave Ensminger i Mitch Hendrickson. "An Emerging University-School-Community Partnership: A Story in Three Acts for Sustainable Relationships". ENGAGE! 5, nr 1 (8.03.2023): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/26542.

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The purpose of this article is to share and theorize narratives regarding an institutional effort to build a sustainable partnership with underrepresented community schools. Narrative research is applied as a mode of inquiry with vivid stories and lived experience. Logos University [pseudonym] has developed and strengthened partnerships with seven community schools over the past decades to promote equity and social justice in the urban context. The sustainability of partnerships has been an emerging issue in university-assisted community schools. This paper provides vivid narratives and insight into a suggestion for a sustainable partnership model from a university perspective. Authors garner multiple narratives about partnerships and institutional efforts to create degree programs including Program T for undergraduate teacher education and Program C for graduate programs. Authors articulate the complexity of community partnerships and crucial elements to consider for advancing partnerships with mutual respect and trust. As part of institutional efforts to create sustainable partnerships, authors illustrate the process and development of one undergraduate and one graduate programs associated with university-community-school partnerships. These programs are focused on educating students as research-practitioners in the ongoing sustainable support and collaboration among schools, universities, and communities. This paper elaborates the origin of Program T and Program C and community partnership elements embedded in these programs. An asset-based frame is examined across narratives in developing and implementing degree programs and offering core courses. The subjectivities of each author enrich the conversations on ongoing efforts to build sustainable, trust-based partnerships. Overall, this paper contributes to extend the approach to community partnership and equity-oriented education highlighting the value of university-community partnership for local schools and institutional efforts.
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Cho, Meehee, Mark A. Bonn, Su Jin Han i Sora Kang. "Partnership strength and diversity with suppliers". International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 30, nr 3 (19.03.2018): 1526–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-01-2017-0016.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to better understand the effects of independent restaurant partnerships upon product innovation associated with performance by investigating differences in business situations between startup and established independent restaurant sectors. Design/methodology/approach Partnership strength and diversity were assessed to identify their influence on restaurant product innovation and performance using a structural equation model to test the study’s hypotheses. A multi-group analysis was used to examine the moderating roles of business life cycle on the relationships between partnership strength and diversity and product innovation. Findings Results found that product innovation implementation requires strong and diverse partnerships with suppliers to improve independent restaurant performance. Diverse partnerships have a more positive effect upon product innovation than do strong partnerships. The positive effect partnership strength with suppliers had upon product innovation was significantly greater for startup restaurants, while its positive effect of diversity was greater for established restaurants. Practical implications Findings can be used to establish effective strategic partnerships with independent restaurant suppliers and to manage them more effectively in consideration of their business characteristics being startup or established operations. Originality/value This study was an initial attempt to empirically prove significant roles of partnership strength and diversity applied to the context of independent restaurant product innovation. Findings regarding different effects of partnership strength and diversity contributed to the existing body of knowledge about strategic partnerships with suppliers.
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Penukonda, Vaibhav, Timothy Utz, Nicholas S. Perry, Deanna Ware, Mark Brennan-Ing, Steven Meanley, Andre Brown i in. "Viral suppression among middle-aged and aging MSM living with HIV: Partnership type and quality". PLOS ONE 16, nr 10 (1.10.2021): e0258032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258032.

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Functional support—the availability of material aid, emotional support, or companionship—promotes general well-being. For men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV, having a person who supports you associates with viral suppression. This study examines the association between supportive partnerships and HIV viral suppression among middle-aged and aging MSM living with HIV. A total of 423 middle-aged and aging MSM (mean age, 58.2 years) from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study provided self-reported data about their partnerships. Separate Poisson regression models assessed how partnership type, support, strain, and duration from April 2017 were associated with repeated viral load measurements up to April 2019. Of the follow-up visits (N = 1289), 90.0% of participants were virally suppressed. Most participants reported being non-Hispanic White (61.0%) and college-educated (83.4%). Participants were asked about their primary partnerships (i.e., “someone they are committed to above anyone else”) and secondary partnerships (i.e., those who can also be intimate or supportive but not necessarily romantic or sexual). The participants reported: no partnerships (45.2%), only primary partnerships (31.0%), only secondary partnerships (11.1%), or both primary and secondary partnerships (12.8%). Primary and secondary partnerships had mean (SD) durations of 15.9 (11.3) and 25.2 (16.5) years, respectively. Participants reporting both primary and secondary partnerships (compared with no partnership) showed significantly higher odds of being virally suppressed (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 1.04; 95% CI, 1.00–1.08; p = 0.043). Albeit not statistically significant, primary-only (aPR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.97–1.06; p = 0.547) or secondary-only (aPR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.98–1.08; p = 0.224) partnership types were positively associated with viral suppression. Partner support and strain were not associated with viral suppression in any partnership group. Being older and non-Hispanic Black were positively and negatively associated with viral suppression, respectively. Encouraging partnerships should be considered one of clinicians’ many tools to help middle-aged and aging MSM achieve long-term viral suppression.
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Rinkus, Marisa A., Tracy Dobson, Meredith L. Gore i Erin A. Dreelin. "Collaboration as process: a case study of Michigan's watershed permit". Water Policy 18, nr 1 (2.06.2015): 182–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2015.202.

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Collaborative watershed management has been heavily promoted and widely implemented to address a variety of natural resource concerns, resulting in the adoption and adaptation of the approach to management by regulatory agencies. Although several characteristics or indicators of success for watershed partnerships have been identified in the literature, these often portray a direct cause and effect relationship between partnership characteristics and outcomes. However, partnerships involve dynamic processes that can be influenced by both form and function (internally and externally) throughout various stages of the partnerships' existence. Our study presents an evaluation framework from the group process and evaluation literature to highlight the importance of evaluating ‘intermediate measures of partnership effectiveness’ in watershed partnerships, using the case of Michigan's voluntary watershed-based stormwater permit. Given the increasing use of watershed partnerships in a regulatory setting that is constantly in flux and the difficulty in assessing the effects of such groups on water quality, results suggest the utility of ‘intermediate measures of partnership effectiveness’ for assessing partnership process in order to provide ongoing feedback and incentives to ensure long-term success.
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Mundle, Lili, Marianne Beisheim i Lars Berger. "How private meta-governance helps standard-setting partnerships deliver". Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 8, nr 5 (6.11.2017): 525–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sampj-07-2016-0045.

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Purpose This paper aims to analyze the relevance of private meta-governance for multi-stakeholder partnerships. The authors assume that meta-governance, defined as higher level rules that shall guide partnerships’ governance activities, could build on and institutionalize lessons learned about partnerships’ success conditions and, in doing so, may render partnerships’ work more effective in the future. Design/methodology/approach The research paper investigates a case of non-state meta-governance in the standard-setting arena. It explores how actors assess the interaction of the meta-governance efforts of the International Social and Environmental Accreditation and Labelling (ISEAL) Alliance (mainly in the form of their three Codes of Good Practice) and the Alliance for Water Stewardship’s efforts when setting and implementing their International Water Stewardship Standard. For this, a combination of research methods is applied: a literature review for deriving propositions on success conditions; document analysis, participatory observation and semi-structured interviews for gathering empirical evidence on the interaction between meta-governance and the partnership’s work. Findings Respondents praise the benefits of ISEAL’s enabling meta-governance measures to strengthen their standard, structures and processes, as well as from ensuring activities, as these also improve their internal governance system while simultaneously providing credibility. In this context, they confirm the relevance of three success factors mentioned in the literature on voluntary standards: an inclusive process, a locally adapted design of the standard and institutionalized compliance management. Practical implications Instead of reinventing the wheel with every new multi-stakeholder partnership, meta-governance frameworks should be used to enable partnership staff and members, policymakers and stakeholders to learn from experience. Originality/value The authors’ analysis generates unique insights into perceptions of partnerships’ staff and stakeholders regarding lessons learned and private meta-governance. The present study on these actors’ perspectives provides a starting-point for further research on how meta-governance could help institutionalize success factors to scale-up and improve the impact of standard-setting partnerships.
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Boyle, Mary-Ellen, Laurie Ross i Jennie C. Stephens. "Who has a stake? How stakeholder processes influence partnership sustainability". Gateways: International Journal of Community Research and Engagement 4 (23.11.2011): 100–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ijcre.v4i0.1778.

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As universities attempt to expand their relevance by engaging with local and regional societal challenges, various kinds of partnerships are emerging. A broad range of stakeholders, from both the university and the community, are typically engaged in and influence the development, implementation and perpetuation of these partnerships. This paper juxtaposes analysis of three community-university partnerships in Worcester, Massachusetts, USA, paying particular attention to the partnerships’ stakeholders, and to their relative importance. This research builds upon current understandings of critical factors in partnership sustainability, as these three partnerships have different goals, involve different university and community stakeholders, and are at different points in their organisational history. The fact that they share the same context – the same city – offers a unique opportunity for comparative case study analysis. The theory of stakeholder salience is used to explain findings about partnership sustainability and to make suggestions for strengthening existing partnerships. Specifically, we argue that stakeholder power and legitimacy, along with stakeholder urgency, are key factors in sustaining community-university partnerships. Keywords Community-university partnerships; economic development; community development; stakeholder salience
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43

Vogel, Mia T., Miruna Petrescu-Prahova, Lesley Steinman, Cate Clegg-Thorp, Cheryl Farmer, Sara Eve Sarliker i Laura-Mae Baldwin. "Partnerships for Blood Pressure Control in Washington State, December 2016–July 2017". Health Promotion Practice 22, nr 1 (11.06.2019): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839919853819.

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According to recent guidelines, 46% of U.S. adults have high blood pressure (i.e., hypertension). Traditionally addressed in clinical settings, only 54% of adults successfully manage their hypertension. Community–clinical partnerships that facilitate medication adherence and lifestyle changes are promising avenues to achieve population-level blood pressure control. We examined partnerships for blood pressure control in Washington State, their facilitators and barriers, and ways public health departments could foster partnerships. We conducted 41 semistructured interviews with clinic staff, community-based organization (CBO) staff, pharmacy staff, and community health workers (CHWs). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention–adapted Himmelman Collaboration Continuum, which describes five levels of partnership intensity, guided our thematic analysis. We found variation across sectors in partnership frequency and intensity. Clinic and pharmacy staff reported fewer partnerships than CBO staff and CHWs, and mostly either low or very high intensity partnerships. CBO staff and CHWs described partnerships at each intensity level. Trust and having a shared mission facilitated partnerships. Competition, lack of time, limited awareness of resources, and lack of shared health records constituted barriers to partnership. Bringing potential partners together to discuss shared goals, increasing technological integration, and building awareness of resources may help bridge clinical and community silos and improve population-level blood pressure control.
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44

YUE, SHENGSONG. "Towards a Global Partnership Network: Implications, Evolution and Prospects of China's Partnership Diplomacy". Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 36, nr 2 (15.02.2019): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v36i2.5647.

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In the past 25 years, partnership diplomacy has gradually become an indispensable component in China's grand diplomacy strategy. Between 1993 and the end of 2017, China established more than 100 partnerships with the outside world. To better understand the evolution of China's strategy for diplomacy we need to know how these partnerships are formed and what motivates China to foster its partnership network. Although the importance of this strategy has been identified, the current literature does not yet include significant study of China's partnership network. This article attempts to fill this gap by assessing existing literature on partnership and government documents, interpreting the diversified labels and grades of partnerships, and analysing the network's evolution. It also attempts to estimate possible challenges facing China in the future expansion of its global partnership network. It argues that, although China intends to further extend its global influence and explore potential benefits through its partnerships, because of the challenges ahead its partnership network is still an aspiration rather than a realistic blueprint.
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Sheppard, Gail, i Matthias Beck. "The evolution of public–private partnership in Ireland: a sustainable pathway?" International Review of Administrative Sciences 84, nr 3 (7.07.2016): 579–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852316641494.

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Ireland is a latecomer to public–private partnerships, having only adopted them in 1998. Prior to the credit crisis, Ireland followed the UK model, with public–private partnerships being implemented in transport, education, housing/urban regeneration and water/wastewater. Having stalled during the credit crisis, public–private partnerships have recently been reactivated with the domestic infrastructure stimulus programme. The focus of this article is on Ireland as a younger participant in public–private partnerships and the nexus between adoption patterns and the sustainability characteristics of Irish public–private partnerships. Using document analysis and exploratory interviews, the article examines the reasons for Ireland's interest in public–private partnerships, which cannot be attributed to economic rationales alone. We consider three explanations: voluntary adoption – where the UK model was closely followed as part of a domestic modernisation agenda; coercive adoption – where public–private partnership policy was forced upon public sector organisations; and institutional isomorphism – where institutional creation and change around public–private partnerships were promoted to help public sector organisations gain institutional legitimacy. We find evidence of all three patterns, with coercive adoption becoming more relevant in recent years, which is likely to adversely affect sustainability unless incentives for voluntary adoption are strengthened and institutional capacity building is boosted. Points for practitioners There are many reasons why public sector organisations procure via public–private partnerships, and motivations can change over time. In Ireland, public–private partnership adoption changed from being largely voluntary to increasingly coercive. Irrespective of motives, public–private partnership procurement must be underpinned by incentives and institutional enabling mechanisms, which should be strengthened to make Ireland's public–private partnership strategy sustainable.
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46

Brush, Barbara L., Graciela Mentz, Megan Jensen, Brianna Jacobs, Kate M. Saylor, Zachary Rowe, Barbara A. Israel i Laurie Lachance. "Success in Long-Standing Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) Partnerships: A Scoping Literature Review". Health Education & Behavior 47, nr 4 (16.10.2019): 556–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198119882989.

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Background. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is increasingly used by community and academic partners to examine health inequities and promote health equity in communities. Despite increasing numbers of CBPR partnerships, there is a lack of consensus in the field regarding what defines partnership success and how to measure factors contributing to success in long-standing CBPR partnerships. Aims. To identify indicators and measures of success in long-standing CBPR partnerships as part of a larger study whose aim is to develop and validate an instrument measuring success across CBPR partnerships. Methods. The Joanna Briggs Institute framework and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guided searches of three databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus) for articles published between 2007 and 2017 and evaluating success in CBPR partnerships existing longer than 4 years. Results. Twenty-six articles met search criteria. We identified 3 key domains and 7 subdomains with 28 underlying indicators of success. Six partnerships developed or used instruments to measure their success; only one included reliability or validity data. Discussion. CBPR partnerships reported numerous intersecting partner, partnership, and outcome indicators important for success. These results, along with data from key informant interviews with community and academic partners and advisement from a national panel of CBPR experts, will inform development of items for an instrument measuring CBPR partnership success. Conclusion. The development of a validated instrument measuring indicators of success will allow long-standing CBPR partnerships to evaluate their work toward achieving health equity and provide a tool for newly forming CBPR partnerships aiming to achieve long-term success.
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SCHWEITZER, JOCHEN. "HOW CONTRACTS AND CULTURE MEDIATE JOINT TRANSACTIONS OF INNOVATION PARTNERSHIPS". International Journal of Innovation Management 20, nr 01 (styczeń 2016): 1650005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919616500055.

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Although the literature suggests that matters of contracting and governance in strategic innovation partnerships are interrelated and that governance of partnerships generally occurs with contractual heterogeneity, our understanding about the specific relationships between contracting and the partnership culture that facilitates joint transactions is rather vague. In this study, we clarify how the complexity of contractual agreements between partners in conjunction with the alignment of their innovation objectives and the ambiguity inherent in their mutual contributions to the partnership can be used to predict the culture of the partnership. We find that innovation partnerships result to be one of four types: bureaucratic, market, clan, or adhocracy. Our result emphasises the central role of contractual complexity as a suitable and relevant concept to capture the nature of inter-organisational innovation partnerships.
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48

Parkes, Roderick. "EU Mobility Partnerships: A Model of Policy Coordination?" European Journal of Migration and Law 11, nr 4 (2009): 327–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181609789804295.

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AbstractAs migration cooperation has grown in stature at the European level, a premium has been set on its conceptual coordination with related areas of EU policy. The Mobility Partnerships which the bloc recently signed with Moldova and Cape Verde appear as a model of this kind of coordination. Indeed their advocates believe they can regulate migration in such a way that the Union’s economic, social, development and neighbourhood policies all benefit. A simple tri-partite method is here employed to gauge the complementarity of one of the Partnerships, that with Moldova, with its broader policy context. The present analysis suggests that the political exigencies involved in realising the agreement led to conceptual overstretch. Although the Partnership seldom clashes with its broader policy context, the considerable demands placed on its coordinators in the European Commission mean that the Partnership’s positive contribution to related policy areas remains bitty and lacking in coherence.
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Zuckerman, Sarah. "The Role of Rural School Leaders in a School-Community Partnership". Theory & Practice in Rural Education 10, nr 1 (17.06.2020): 73–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3776/tpre.2020.v10n1p73-91.

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Rural schools play central roles in their communities, and rural education scholars advocate for rural school-community partnerships to support school and community renewal. Across the United States, including in rural areas, formal models for school-community partnerships have been scaled up. The literature on rural principals highlights their roles in developing school-community partnerships, yet questions remain as to how school leaders engage in such partnerships. Using boundary-spanning leadership as a theoretical lens, this descriptive study examines the role of district and school leaders in a regional school-community partnership, including as founding members, champions of collaboration, cheerleaders for the partnership, and amplifiers of often excluded voices.
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50

Horan, David. "A New Approach to Partnerships for SDG Transformations". Sustainability 11, nr 18 (10.09.2019): 4947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11184947.

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Recent scientific reports highlight the urgent need for transformations to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and long-term sustainability. This paper presents a new approach to partnerships that focuses on their role in transformations, the types of partnerships that may be needed and their enabling environment. It introduces transformation effectiveness as a criterion to evaluate a portfolio of partnerships and pathways as a tool to frame discussion of required partnerships. Guided by energy decarbonization and using a simple model of partnership formation, I highlight a (potential) mismatch between the types of partnerships required for transformation and the partnership types arising under the currently dominant voluntary approach. The model suggests the bottom-up approach can deliver some, but not all, of the partnerships needed. Five specific problems are identified—compensation for losers, partnering capacity, short-time horizons, inadequate coordination mechanisms and misaligned incentives. The paper then outlines some policy tools—transfers, regulation, public investment—governments could use to strengthen the bottom-up framework and orchestrate missing partnerships. The conclusion addresses two problems specific to the transformation approach: how to identify more systematically the partnerships needed (identification problem) and how to implement them (implementation problem); and outlines some ways to deal with these—science, deliberation, international leadership coalitions and frameworks/monitoring systems for transition partnerships.
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