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McHugh, Catherine Jane. "The delivery of DNA vaccines using particulate and non-particulate adjuvants". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413241.
Pełny tekst źródłaOuhssain, Malika. "Caractéristiques et origines de la variabilité diurne des propriétés optiques". Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066138/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaMy thesis is developed for the particular case of satellites observations from geostationary orbit. The overall aim was to characterize the diel variability of water inherent (i.e. the particulate beam attenuation and backscattering coefficients, cp and bbp) and apparent (i.e. reflectance, R) optical properties (“shape”of diel cycle, amplitude, seasonal variations, origins). These properties determine the signal which is observed from sensor aboard satellite. This study is a preliminary step in understanding the physical problem, before assessing the possibility of quantifying the diel variability from satellite observations. Diel variability of cp and bbp is studied by season, as defined by physical and trophic conditions: mixing, bloom proliferation, its decline, and oligotrophy. Both cp and bbp are characterized by a diel cycle of daytime increase and nighttime decrease, confirming known general trends. This occurs across all seasons, but intra-seasonal variability differed between cp and bbp cycles: unlike bbp, cp show larger amplitude of diurnal variation during the bloom cp and bbp minima are synchronized while bbp minima are attained 3-6 h before those of cp, except during the bloom. Daily changes of R are consistent with the variations of bbp. Nevertheless, it is still difficult to reproduce the diurnal increase of bbp by inversion of R. The differences observed between in situ and modeled values of bbp suggest that the performance of inversion is degraded when it is used at high frequency
Raj, Kolupula Yuva Deva. "Chromatic Particulate Monitoring System". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526954.
Pełny tekst źródłaBeauboeuf, Daniel P. "Microscopy investigations of ash and particulate matter accumulation in diesel particulate filter surface pores". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59894.
Pełny tekst źródłaCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 60).
There has been increased focus on the environmental impact of automobile emissions in recent years. These environmental concerns have resulted in the creation of more stringent particulate matter emissions regulations in the United States and European Union. These limits have forced diesel engine manufacturers to reduce particulate matter (PM) emissions by an order of magnitude beginning in 2007. Diesel particulate filters (DPF) provide the most effective means of reducing PM emissions from diesel exhaust. DPFs can reduce over 99% of PM in the exhaust. DPF effectiveness is limited by the accumulation of ash. Ash is comprised of incombustible material from engine lubricants. Engine oil additives based on P, Zn, S, Ca, and Mg are responsible for the majority of ash. Ash accumulation in DPFs reduces their useful life by plugging the filter's inlet channels. Ash deposition leads to increased pressure drop across the DPF, which reduces the engine's performance and negatively impacts fuel economy. The process of ash accumulation in DPF channels is not well understood. This research is focused on exploring the ash interactions with DPF walls, pores, and the catalyst washcoat. Based on scanning electron microscopy analysis of ash loaded DPFs from the field and from filters loaded with ash in the laboratory, a mechanism for ash accumulation is presented.
by Daniel P. Beauboeuf.
S.B.
Gómez, Ana Maria Mosquera. "Modelagem da dispersão de material particulado na atmosfera a partir de fontes estacionárias utilizando fluidodinâmica computacional". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3137/tde-24102017-151559/.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this study an analysis of the dispersion of particulate matter generated by stationary sources is proposed, by applying Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools, using an Eulerian model for the flow and a Lagrangean model for the particles, under steady-state conditions in the Fluent software. The model validation is presented in two sessions, the first comprises the study of the atmospheric flow under conditions of neutral stability, including the effects of the heterogeneities of the terrain. In this case, the air flow past a 126m high hill in real scale was adopted. Different turbulence models were compared: standard k-?, k-? RNG and parametrized k-?. The three models presented similar performance and described satisfactorily the trends of the experimental data. Subsequently, the Lagrangean model based on the Eddy life time (DRW - Discrete Random Walk) was used to represent the distribution of particulate matter concentrations in a confined environment. The numerical results satisfactorily describe the particle concentration profiles, but underestimate the values in the region near the wall, which would indicate that a better approximation of the particle deposition should be considered. After these studies, this Eulerian- Lagrangean approach was applied to the case of dispersion of particulate material under neutral atmosphere conditions in a region around the city of Santa Gertrudes-SP, where the Ceramic Complex is responsible for the largest production of ceramic tiles in Brazil. Transit of trucks on unpaved roads has been identified as a source of particulate matter that reaches the urban perimeter of the city. The contributions of the activities related to mining and the preparation of the soil for agricultural use were also studied, although this last one does not add a significant load when compared with the two previous ones. In addition to the influence of the mentioned sources, industrial sources located inside the city also contribute to the scenario.
Faccio, Andréa Tedesco. "Abordagem metabolômica no estudo da exposição gestacional à poluição atmosférica". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46136/tde-07122015-101244/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThere are strong evidences regarding negative effects of gestational exposure to air pollution. However, the mechanisms of action of air pollutants are not well established. Maternal anomalous physiological changes during pregnancy may cause permanent changes in offsprings, that might initiate future diseases in adult life. Therefore, the study of those maternal changes during pregnancy is important. Metabolomics is defined as the global analysis of the metabolome of an organism in comparative studies, for the measurement of relative changes in the metabolite abundance, appearance or disappearance. Metabolomics might provide a better understanding of cellular functioning at the molecular level. In this work, an experimental study of maternal gestational exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was accomplished to evaluate the effects of this exposure to the metabolism, by an untargeted metabolomics analysis of urine from pregnant mice exposed to PM2.5 or to filtered air during pregnancy. A chromatographic and sample preparation methods for urinary untargeted metabolomics analysis by HILIC-MS were optimized. For the chromatography optimization, the influence of mobile phase additives, salt concentration and pH, as well as, the gradient ramp were investigated. The best condition was chosen by the evaluation of peak shape, relative intensity and retention time CV of 15 selected m/z, as well as, the total number of molecular features and the intensity CV of those molecular features. The best condition comprises of 20 mmol/L of ammonium formate as solvent B, and 95% acetonitrile and 5% 400 mmol/L of ammonium formate as solvent A, in the composition of the mobile phase. For the sample preparation, different solvents, along with, their mixtures were examined for the urine protein precipitation. Isopropanol was the solvent that presented the best results for sample preparation. Thus, after the analytical method optimized, urine samples from the progenitors were submitted to untargeted metabolomics analysis by HILIC-MS. The animals\' metabolome were significantly changed by the gestational exposure to particulate matter. It was observed changes in the levels of carnitines, amino acids, peptides, among others. There is some indication that the air pollution has altered the gut microbiota, due to the enhancement of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite that is also related to the atherosclerosis process. The level of metabolites related to histidine metabolism were also altered due to PM2.5 exposure. Carnitine and acylcarnitine levels were also increased in the test group, suggesting an altered energy production in the mitochondria.
Souza, Milena Gouveia Oliveira de. "Avaliação da concentração de arsênio em partículas fracionadas por tamanho na atmosfera do Recôncavo Baiano". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2011. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10027.
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CNPQ
Atualmente, um dos maiores problemas mundiais é a poluição atmosférica, oriunda essencialmente de fontes antrópicas. Os grandes impactos ambientais, como a degradação da qualidade do ar, são resultados dos processos de desenvolvimento urbano e industrial. O material particulado (MP) tem sido alvo de vários estudos devido aos efeitos nocivos causados ao meio ambiente e a saúde humana. O arsênio, um metalóide que apresenta características tanto de metal como de não-metal, é considerado altamente tóxico. A associação do arsênio ao material particulado pode provocar sérios danos à saúde da população. Os níveis de toxicidade do arsênio são dependentes de sua forma química. As espécies inorgânicas de arsênio, arsenito (AsIII) e arseniato (AsV), são também consideradas agentes carcinogênicos. O Recôncavo Baiano é uma região que apresenta grande importância ambiental, social e econômica para o estado da Bahia. Nesta área encontram-se portos, terminais marítimos e diversos pólos industriais que são as principais fontes de emissão de poluentes para o meio ambiente. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar a concentração do arsênio presentes tanto nas partículas finas, quanto nas partículas grossas do material particulado atmosférico do Recôncavo Baiano, para avaliar as contribuições deste poluente à saúde da população exposta. A determinação de arsênio em material particulado, utilizando a digestão, com HNO3, e a técnica de espectrometria de fluorescência atômica acoplada à geração de hidreto (HG-AFS), mostrou-se eficiente para a matriz estudada com limite de detecção e quantificação de 0,3 ng m-3 e 1 ng m-3, respectivamente. As concentrações médias de arsênio, obtidas no material particulado em algumas regiões do Recôncavo Baiano, estavam em torno de 30 ng m-3, valor cinco vezes maior que o recomendado pela União Européia (6 ng m-3). O arsênio presente no material particulado encontra-se substancialmente nas partículas finas. Alertando para os riscos de exposição da população, nos municípios onde foram feitas as amostragens. Os resultados apresentados neste trabalho são indicativos da necessidade de se atualizar os padrões de qualidade do ar para o Brasil, incluindo outros poluentes como o arsênio
Salvador
Chang, Hong. "Hydraulic Fracturing in Particulate Materials". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4957.
Pełny tekst źródłaJohnston, Nicola Jane. "Particulate production during dental procedures". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492647.
Pełny tekst źródłaWang, Huaijun. "Creating Virtual Wood Particulate Composites". Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2000. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/Wang.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaZhang, Zhichao. "Impact attrition of particulate solids". Thesis, University of Surrey, 1994. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2945/.
Pełny tekst źródłaPapadopoulos, Dimitris G. "Impact breakage of particulate solids". Thesis, University of Surrey, 1998. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/804878/.
Pełny tekst źródłaAl-Kassas, Raida. "Design of particulate delivery systems". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239000.
Pełny tekst źródłaHou, Ruozhou. "Acoustic monitoring of particulate flows". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325765.
Pełny tekst źródłaBenedict, Mark Douglas. "Advances in anisotropic particulate simulation". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612000.
Pełny tekst źródłaKendall, Michaela. "Particulate pollution and stone deterioration". Thesis, Middlesex University, 1998. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/13410/.
Pełny tekst źródłaBasso, Simone. "Particulate Debris Spreading and Coolability". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Kärnkraftssäkerhet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-203136.
Pełny tekst źródłaKokvattenreaktorer av nordisk typ har en djup vattenbassäng under reaktorkärlet som kan utnyttjas för att kyla härdsmältan och de fragmenterade härdresterna vid ett svårt reaktorhaveri. För att bedöma effektiviteten av en sådan haverihantering har man föreslagit användande av en riskorienterad metodik för haverianalysen (ROAAM, från engelska ”Risk-Oriented Accident Analysis Methodology”). Föreliggande projekt fokuserar på kylbarhet hos härdresterna utanför reaktortanken och bidrar till den pågående vidareutvecklingen av ROAAM till ROAAM+. Höjden på och formen för den porösa ansamlingen av härdrester (här också kallad partikelbädd) är bland de viktigaste faktorerna som avgör om resteffekten kan kylas bort med hjälp av naturlig cirkulation av vattnet i bassängen. Ansamlingens geometriska form skapas under hela processen från utsläpp av härdsmältan via fragmentering och sedimentering i bassängens botten. Formen kan sedan förändras med tiden genom att partiklar rör sig och omfördelas i kylflödet. Detta fenomen kallas en självnivellerande process. I detta arbete studeras denna självnivellerande process experimentellt och analytiskt. Experimenten utfördes i en särskild experimentuppställning utformad för att att samla in data och parametrar som behövs för att simulera fenomenet och utveckla en beräkningsmodell som sluts empiriskt. Denna modell kopplades sedan till en modell för beräkning av dryout i partikelbädden. Genom denna koppling av de två beräkningsprogrammen är det är möjligt att beräkna tiden för partikelbädden att nå en kylbar konfiguration. Inverkan av variationer i modellens indata studeras med hjälp av känslighetsanalys. Härigenom identifierades de minst inflytelserika parametrarna såsom effektiv drifttid, partikeldensitet, experimentell ovisshet i de empiriska samband som används för att sluta modellen, samt omlokaliseringstid efter det att reaktorn snabbstoppats (SCRAM). Dessa parametrar avfördes sedan från den fortsatta känslighetsanalysen. Ett artificiellt neuralt nätverk tränades för att användas i stället för den kopplade koden och möjliggöra den beräkningseffektivitet som krävs för att studera hur osäkerheter i indata förs vidare i riskanalysen. Resultaten är presenterade i form av komplementära, kumulativa fördelningsfunktioner för den betingade sannolikheten för brott på reaktorinneslutningen (CCFP, från engelska ”conditional containment failure probability”). Det visas att CCFP kan variera inom ett brett område beroende på de valda kombinationerna av frekvensfunktioner för ingångsparametrarna. Resultaten visar att effektiv partikeldiameter och hög porositet är de två parametrar som ger de största bidragen till osäkerheten i CCFP. Vi har också funnit att fenomenet självnivellering har en gynnsam inverkan på CCFP och leder till lägre utsläppsrisk. Det vore värdefullt att förfina de modeller som beskriver bildandet av den initiala partikelbädden. Detta är särskilt viktigt i de scenarier där det finns kort tid för självnivellering innan partikelbädden börjar smälta igen, dvs när man har relativt hög initial temperatur i partikelbädden och/eller hög specifik värmeeffekt.
QC 20170315
APRI
Almeida, Antonio J. L. "Particulate carriers as immunological adjuvants". Thesis, Aston University, 1993. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/12609/.
Pełny tekst źródłaFry, Dan. "Aggregation in dense particulate systems /". Search for this dissertation online, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ksu/main.
Pełny tekst źródłaFurbank, Roy Jeffrey. "Drop formation from particulate suspensions". Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-05172004-100527/unrestricted/furbank%5Froy%5Fj%5F200407%5Fphd.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaSchork, F. Joseph, Committee Chair ; Morris, Jeffrey F., Committee Co-Chair ; Forney, Larry J., Committee Member ; Breedveld, Victor, Committee Member ; Mucha, Peter J., Committee Member ; Smith, Marc K., Committee Member. Includes bibliographical references.
Downard, Jared Matthew. "Particulate emissions of tire combustion". Thesis, University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4615.
Pełny tekst źródłaGolly, Benjamin. "Etude des sources et de la dynamique atmosphérique de polluants organiques particulaires en vallées alpines : apport de nouveaux traceurs organiques aux modèles récepteurs". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENA019/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaRecently, Air quality has become a sensitive topic for Rhône-Alpes region due to the formal notice which was addressed by the European Commission for non-compliance with legislation in force. Indeed, certain geographic areas in the region present a lot of overruns in PM10, especially in Alpine valleys during winter. These overruns particles are also accompanied by high concentrations of organic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which constitute these PMs. An increase in khowledge about the sources of particulate air pollution and their dynamics in Alpine valleys is necessary, in order to improve the implementation of policies to reduce emissions through better knowledge of the influence of different sources at regional level. This thesis is focused around emissions from industrial sources still poorly known and particularly of the carbon industry highly present in these industrial areas of the valley bottoms. Traditional approaches by metallic elements being not specific, exploration of the organic fraction allowed to propose a complete organic chemical profile. In addition they led us to evidence the benzo(b)naphtho(2,1-d)thiophene (BNT(2,1)), the most abundant particulate compound of the family of sulfur-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PASHs), as a tracer of this source. This compound was detected and quantified on multiple sites in near industrial activities confirming its potential source. In addition the industrial profile was introduced as profile “source” in order to assess its robustness in methodologies of receptor model like the “Chemical Mass Balance “(CMB) and the “Positive Matrix Factorization” (PMF). The results confirmed the interest of the addition of organic compounds to these methodologies. Thus, the industrial profile and the PASHs compounds have allowed to better trace the source usually called “carbon industry” (coal, coke and graphite materials combustions) in the Alpine valleys but also in different French urban sites. In parallel, a non linear regression model (NLRM) was developed to PAH source apportionment, based on the use of specific molecular markers (levoglucosan, hopanes…) and of meteorological data (altitudinal temperature lapse rate). Its implementation has been validated on a set of sites of the Alpine valleys of Arve and Tarentaise. Coupling between this model and the optical measurements of black carbon (BC) by aethalometer, allowed to propose a solution to the poor performance of correlation between PAHs measured and modeled by NLRM model on this site of the Maurienne valley. These low correlations may be related to poor representativeness of organic compounds used to correctly trace the emission sources at some sites. Finally, the inter-comparison of these methodologies for the determination of PAH sources and especially of industrial source allows to validate this methodology in an operational perspective of monitoring of PAH levels on these sites. The work performed during this thesis highlights the interest of the characterizatin of the organic fraction of PM and the biases that may exist on the use of organic compounds for the study of the emission sources. Some alternatives are suggested to clarify ambiguities and improve the source apportionment of PAHs by receptor models
Válio, Vinícius Mori. "Análise do material particulado atmosférico em uma região de São Carlos-SP". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-13082015-144101/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study evaluated the air quality of a central area of the city São Carlos-SP, more precisely on the Campus 1 of the University of São Paulo. In this region there is a large movement of people and vehicles, manly during business hours. This evaluation was made based on determination of one parameter used to verify air quality, the inhalable particulate material (PM) suspended in the air, in other words, particles which have aerodynamic diameter less or equal to 10 μm and can penetrate in the respiratory system, therefore, harmful to human health. The PM was determined in its fractions from 2,5 and 10 μm of diameter (PM10 e PM2,5).). Two different methodologies were used to determinate the concentration of particulate suspended material, photometry by scattered light, using the equipment ADR-1500, and gravimetry, thru PEM (Personal Environmental Monitor). The data obtained from gravimetry were higher than the results found thru photometry. The concentrations found were compared to the limits recommended by World Health Organization for PM and its fractions of 2,5 and 10 μm, equal to 25 and 50 μg/m3. Besides PM, temperature, relative humidity and precipitation were measured. The average values for the concentrations of PM10 and PM2,5 , using gravimetry, which provide more reliable results, it were equal to 48,8 and 23,1 μg/m3, therefore really close to their corresponding limits. The lower concentrations seen for PM10 were, mostly, verified on rainy days, using PEM and ADR. The concentrations of PM2,5 , obtained just using PEM, also had the lowest values during rainy days. A mathematical model was developed to predict PM10 behavior during precipitations, this event has shown to have the most important influence on the concentration of atmospheric particulate matter.
Guan, Jingjiao. "Microfabricated particulate devices for drug delivery". Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1118247862.
Pełny tekst źródłaTitle from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxiii, 163 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 118-123). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
Estapa, Margaret L. "Photochemical Reactions of Particulate Organic Matter". Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2011. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/EstapaM2011.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaFalk, Lissel Linus, i Jesper Kristoffersson. "Acoustical properties for diesel particulate filters". Thesis, KTH, Farkost och flyg, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-103567.
Pełny tekst źródłaMercer, Tim. "Particulate dispersions for magnetic recording media". Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2001. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/21059/.
Pełny tekst źródłaEl-Gallab, Mariam S. "Machining of particulate metal matrix composites". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0030/NQ66206.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaMurphy, Angela Mary. "Clustering in particulate metal matrix composites". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242540.
Pełny tekst źródłaRiaz, Shahid. "Titanium based composites containing particulate carbides". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264184.
Pełny tekst źródłaLevesley, John Antony. "Particulate separation by size and shape". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303597.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoelho, L. "Gas percolation through segregated particulate beds". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597802.
Pełny tekst źródłaDickerson, Andrew K. "Mosquito flight adaptations to particulate environments". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51773.
Pełny tekst źródłaHolstius, David. "Monitoring Particulate Matter with Commodity Hardware". Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3640465.
Pełny tekst źródłaHealth effects attributed to outdoor fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) rank it among the risk factors with the highest health burdens in the world, annually accounting for over 3.2 million premature deaths and over 76 million lost disability-adjusted life years. Existing PM2.5 monitoring infrastructure cannot, however, be used to resolve variations in ambient PM2.5 concentrations with adequate spatial and temporal density, or with adequate coverage of human time-activity patterns, such that the needs of modern exposure science and control can be met. Small, inexpensive, and portable devices, relying on newly available off-the-shelf sensors, may facilitate the creation of PM2.5 datasets with improved resolution and coverage, especially if many such devices can be deployed concurrently with low system cost.
Datasets generated with such technology could be used to overcome many important problems associated with exposure misclassification in air pollution epidemiology. Chapter 2 presents an epidemiological study of PM2.5 that used data from ambient monitoring stations in the Los Angeles basin to observe a decrease of 6.1 g (95% CI: 3.5, 8.7) in population mean birthweight following in utero exposure to the Southern California wildfires of 2003, but was otherwise limited by the sparsity of the empirical basis for exposure assessment. Chapter 3 demonstrates technical potential for remedying PM2.5 monitoring deficiencies, beginning with the generation of low-cost yet useful estimates of hourly and daily PM2.5 concentrations at a regulatory monitoring site. The context (an urban neighborhood proximate to a major goods-movement corridor) and the method (an off-the-shelf sensor costing approximately USD $10, combined with other low-cost, open-source, readily available hardware) were selected to have special significance among researchers and practitioners affiliated with contemporary communities of practice in public health and citizen science. As operationalized by correlation with 1h data from a Federal Equivalent Method (FEM) β-attenuation data, prototype instruments performed as well as commercially available equipment costing considerably more, and as well as another reference instrument under similar conditions at the same timescale (R2 = 0.6). Correlations were stronger when 24 h integrating times were used instead (R2 = 0.72).
Chapter 4 replicates and extends the results of Chapter 3, showing that similar calibrations may be reasonably exchangeable between near-roadway and background monitoring sites. Chapter 4 also employs triplicate sensors to obtain data consistent with near-field (< 50 m) observations of plumes from a major highway (I-880). At 1 minute timescales, maximum PM2.5 concentrations on the order of 100 μg m–3 to 200 μg m–3 were observed, commensurate with the magnitude of plumes from wildfires on longer timescales, as well as the magnitude of plumes that might be expected near other major highways on the same timescale. Finally, Chapter 4 quantifies variance among calibration parameters for a large sample of the sensors, as well as the error associated with the remote transfer of calibrations between two sufficiently large sets (± 10 % for n = 12). These findings suggest that datasets generated with similar sensors could also improve upstream scientific understandings of fluxes resulting from indoor and outdoor emissions, atmospheric transformations, and transport, and may also facilitate timely and empirical verification of interventions to reduce emissions and exposures, in many important contexts (e.g., the provision of improved cookstoves; congestion pricing; mitigation policies attached to infill development; etc.). They also demonstrate that calibrations against continuous reference monitoring equipment could be remotely transferred, within practical tolerances, to reasonably sized and adequately resourced participatory monitoring campaigns, with minimal risk of disruption to existing monitoring infrastructure (i.e., established monitoring sites). Given a collaborator with a short window of access to a reference monitoring site, this would overcome a nominally important barrier associated with non-gravimetric, in-situ calibration of continuous PM2.5 monitors. Progressive and disruptive prospects linked to a proliferation of comparable sensing technologies based on commodity hardware are discussed in Chapter 5.
Allen, Martin. "Profile analysis of bulk particulate material". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357096.
Pełny tekst źródłaMackay, Neil G. "Simulations of earth's local particulate environment". Thesis, University of Kent, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240434.
Pełny tekst źródłaLeetham, R. P. "Continuous cementation in particulate electrolytic cells". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355839.
Pełny tekst źródłaHealey, Katherine. "The genotoxicity of urban particulate matter". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422089.
Pełny tekst źródłaBramwell, Vincent Warren. "Particulate delivery systems in vaccine design". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407749.
Pełny tekst źródłaOsmundsen, Sugrunn Anne. "Particulate strategies for improving oral bioavailability". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417335.
Pełny tekst źródłaLazidis, Aristodimos. "Stabilisation of foams by particulate structures". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7304/.
Pełny tekst źródłaSu, Jia S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Biological and particulate contaminants in interfaces". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120444.
Pełny tekst źródłaCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 63-70).
The transport of biological, chemical, or particulate contaminants shapes disease transmission, chemical spills, climate, ecology, and bio-hazard risks. Yet, little is understood on the mechanisms controlling droplet formation and selection of droplet sizes and contamination levels from a contaminated water bulk. Bubbles play a critical role in shaping this transfer of chemicals, particulates, and biological organisms from water to air. They surface, and eventually burst, emitting myriads of droplets into the air. Despite recent progress in our understanding of bubble formation and bursting at the air-water interface, the factors selecting the loads that they carry and emit into the air remain unknown in part due to limitation in direct measurements. In this thesis, we discuss a method of direct visualization and quantification of particulates contained in contaminated bubble films at interfaces. The calibration of this method is key to progress in our understanding of particulate transport from water to air. In particular, although our method allows to reveal contaminants within films via the appearance of spots, the exact link between the size of such spots and the size of the original particles or organisms, their shape, wetting, and the size of the film remain unexplored. In this thesis, we performed a series of systematic measurements and calibrations using bacteria, particles, and rods of various sizes and wetting properties to calibrate the spot sizes observed on contaminated bubbles and films. We rationalized the dependencies observed using a combination of optical ray-tracing and modelling of film distortion in the presence of contaminant. Our results have important implications for in situ study of particles and bacterial communities within large scale complex interfaces.
by Jia Su.
S.M.
Vincent, Keith John. "Atmospheric particulate matter and historic buildings". Thesis, Middlesex University, 1993. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/13435/.
Pełny tekst źródłaPayne, Simon Daniel. "Experimental studies of diesel particulate filtration". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610170.
Pełny tekst źródłaRoth, Jake. "Bleed air oil contamination particulate characterization". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19022.
Pełny tekst źródłaDepartment of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering
Mohammad H. Hosni
Byron W. Jones
Gas turbine engine oil is contaminating the bleed air of an aircraft with enough frequency and intensity that health concerns are of public interest. While previous work measured micro particles and used only a simulator, this work mainly consists of measurements in the nanoparticle and ultrafine range using both the simulator and two different gas turbine engines. No previous research has been conducted using working jet engines to simulate a bleed air system and characterize the oil particulate contamination. Oil was injected into a bleed air simulator and an Allison 250 CC18 turbine engine in order to observe the particle size distributions resulting from thermal degradation and was measured with three particle sizing counters and an FTIR. The aerosol size distributions are given for various temperature and pressure ranges consistent with the process conditions associated with the bleed air in a commercial aircraft. Particle sizes of approximately 80nm to 100nm were observed at temperatures over 200°C while particles similar to injection distributions and smaller than measureable size were observed at lower power settings. Temperature is thought to be the controlling factor affecting particle size above 200°C while blade shear is likely the dominant factor for lower temperatures. The bleed air simulator produced results similar to the gas turbine engine results at higher temperatures, but did not replicate the size characteristics at lower temperatures. The observed particles are ultrafine and situated in the size range that may impact health safety more than larger particles.
Zhang, Kefeng. "Flow of particulate solids in silos". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13254.
Pełny tekst źródłaPrice, Philip Daniel. "Direct injection gasoline engine particulate emissions". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:35c0d6bf-bde3-4ef0-a87e-4af89a94b16f.
Pełny tekst źródłaDickerson, David Stanley. "Particulate monitoring in environmental pollution assessment". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/a66c8b21-c61f-4da7-bca8-5bd7547198b3.
Pełny tekst źródłaJurinski, Joseph Bernard Jr. "Geochemical Investigations of Respirable Particulate Matter". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30632.
Pełny tekst źródłaPh. D.
Bains, G. S. "Mechanisms of drying of particulate slurries". Thesis, Aston University, 1990. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/15270/.
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