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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Particulate matter in air”

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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 4 lutego 2022

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1

Chyc, Marek. "Air purifier – individual protection against indoor particulate matter". Health Promotion & Physical Activity 10, nr 1 (30.03.2020): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0663.

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The research work presents the findings of testing air purified using two commercial air purifiers available on the local market. Tests were carried out in the office and bedroom of a residential building. The results obtained show a high (75–93%) yield of air purification from particulate matter. Particulate matters fractions such as: PM1, PM2.5, PM4.0, PM10 and total suspended particulates (TSP) were analysed by means professional dust meter. A very strong correlation of particulate matter (PM) contents were found in individual particle classes during equipment operation. Obtained results approve high efficiency of equipment operation in the total range of measured values. This study is one of the first in the topic of assessing the effectiveness of PM purification, taking into account various dust fractions. This study should be useful for individual customers and for public utilities during purchase decisions.

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Görgen, Reinhold, i Udo Lambrecht. "Particulate Matter in Ambient Air". Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 4, nr 4 (2007): 278–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187601007x00479.

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AbstractNumerous studies have demonstrated the negative effect of particulate matter on human health. The EU therefore introduced ambitious limit values for particulate matter (PM10) in ambient air as early as 1999: an annual limit and a daily limit that can be exceeded on up to 35 days a year. These values are binding since 2005. The daily limit is still exceeded in many cities throughout Europe. Heated debates on the future of the daily limit are taking place at all levels of the EU in the context of the negotiations on the Commission's proposal on a new Air Quality Directive. Suggestions range from allowing a compliance time extension to increasing the number of days the daily limit can be exceeded, and abolition of the daily limit value. The deliberations have not yet been concluded, but the decisive European institutions have voiced support for keeping the daily limit while at the same time extending the compliance deadline. In this article, we will make the point that the problem can most probably be solved by allowing a compliance extension of around 5 years after the new directive enters into force. This would give the competent local authorities and the EU the time necessary to intensify their measures in order to comply with the daily limit in most areas where it is currently exceeded. An increase in the number of days the limit values may be exceeded, as called for by the European Parliament (EP), would therefore amount to an unnecessary lowering of the limit value.

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Danciulescu, Valeriu, Luoana Florentina Pascu, Mihaela Petrescu, Andreea Cozea, Raluca Diodiu, Gheorghita Tanase i Maria Pasca. "The influence of emission sources on particulate matter pollution in adjacent areas". SIMI 2019, SIMI 2019 (20.09.2019): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21698/simi.2019.fp33.

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Particulates generated by anthropogenic activities are found in the ambient air in varying amounts, in a wide range of sizes and in a wide variety of chemical composition. The concentration of particulates at one site, as well as their composition, are influenced by their origin and dispersion factors. By chemical and dimensional analysis of particulates in an area, we can draw preliminary conclusions about the origin and level of pollution in that area. This paper presents the results obtained by concomitant monitoring of particulates emissions and the concentration of particulate matter in ambient air in the adjacent area of an industrial plant. The result of the measurements obtained and their correlation with the specific conditions during the monitoring period lead us to the conclusion that the concentration of particulate matter at the emission sources directly influences the concentrations of particulate matter in the neighbouring area.

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Yu, Yun Jiang, Qiong Wang, Zhong Ren Nan, Yan Ping Zhang, Hai Peng Lin i Sheng Li Wang. "Distribution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollutants on Air Particulate Matters in Lanzhou City". Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (maj 2012): 961–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.961.

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In order to learn the present situation of heavy metals on particulate matters and evaluate their health risk, this paper cites the examples of District Xigu which is severely polluted and Town Yuzhong which is slightly polluted in Lanzhou city, the concentration of heavy metals attached on particulate matters in different seasons and different regions is measured, and the distribution proportion of heavy metals in different diameters of particulates is analyzed. Based on the health risk evaluation model recommended by USEPA, this paper evaluates health risks of pollution caused by heavy metals on atmosphere particulates at different sampling places in Lanzhou city. The result shows that heavy metal attached on particulate matter in Lanzhou city is distributed seasonally and regionally. Heavy metals on particulate matters in Lanzhou city are mainly attached on particulates of which the diameters are less than 10μm(PM10). In terms of horizontal gradient, the hazard index of heavy metal in the total suspension particulates in severely-polluted district of Lanzhou city in winter is greater than 1. In terms of vertical gradient, the hazard index of heavy metals on total suspension particulates 15m above ground in winter is greater than 1. These polluted aspects should be treated. The carcinogenic risk of chromium exceeds 10-6~10-4which is acceptable scope stipulated by USEPA and should be well handled.

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Ida, Munfarida, Sofyan Asep i Rezagama Arya. "Effect of Organic Particulate Matter on Vegetable Crops and their Control Potentials". E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 05021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187305021.

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Air pollution has an impact, include impact to the plants. The adverse effects of air pollution have been associated with three major sources. They are gaseous pollutant and particulates from fossil fuels, manufacturing plants and vehicles. Many studies reveal that plants absorb particulate pollutants can cause damage or decline in growth. This study analysed the effects of organic particulate matter exposure on vegetable crops that were lettuce (Lactuta sativa L) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L). Thus from the research we can control vegetable crops from particulate matter pollution. Growth parameters include the number of leaves, plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, number of chlorophyll and stomata index. This research was conducted on Padjadjaran University Greenhouse, Jatinangor. Lettuce and cucumber were given three treatment, those were: plant was contaminated with organic particulate matter derived from clay, plant inside and outside the chamber were not contaminated. The results showed that organic particulate matter exposure more affects the growth of lettuce than cucumbers for the following parameters: plant height, dry weight and fresh weight. Control potentials of organic particulate matter include regulation management, reducing field burning of vegetable residue, and implementation of particulate matter control devices in industry and vehicles.

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6

Nardini, B., C. Ballarin i E. Clonfero. "Mutagens in urban air particulate matter". Mutation Research/Environmental Mutagenesis and Related Subjects 271, nr 2 (1992): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1161(92)91236-k.

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7

Brook, Robert D., i Sanjay Rajagopalan. "Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Atherosclerosis". Current Atherosclerosis Reports 12, nr 5 (9.07.2010): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11883-010-0122-7.

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8

Zheng, Guozhong, Yuzhen Lu, Yajing Wang, Zhengzheng Zhao, Ke Li i Xutao Zhang. "The Effects of Outdoor Source on Pollution Characteristics and Dynamic Changes of Particulate Matter in an Office". Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (28.11.2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4765406.

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The indoor air quality has a direct impact on human health. Particulate matter is one of the important factors affecting the indoor air quality. The paper selects an office as the study object and studies the pollution characteristics and dynamic changes of indoor particulate matter in different outdoor pollution levels. The mass concentration of outdoor PM10 is used as the evaluation basis of the outdoor pollution level. The outdoor PM10 concentration levels are divided into the range of 200–300, 300–400, 400–500, 500–600, 600–700 μg·m−3, individually. Firstly, the change characteristics of the mass concentration and the number concentration of the particulate matter in the five outdoor conditions are analyzed. Secondly, the maximum increase values and the maximum increase rates of the mass concentrations of different particle sizes in the five conditions are compared. Then, the penetration factors of the particulates in different sizes are compared among the five conditions. Finally, the correlation between indoor particulate matter and outdoor particulate matter is studied. The study results show that the effect of outdoor infiltration has a great influence on the indoor PM1 mass concentration, and the penetrating factors of the particulate matter between 0.3 μm and 0.5 μm are higher than 0.6; their permeability is the most obvious.

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9

Mohd Zahid, Azyan Zafyrah, Nurul Najra Amizah Abdul Malik i Jalina Kassim. "Particulate matter study at residential and educational areas in Shah Alam, Malaysia". MATEC Web of Conferences 250 (2018): 06010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825006010.

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Air pollution has become a crucial problem nowadays, especially on particulate matter. Major sources of particulate matter came from transportation, while wind speed, temperature and other factors can contribute to this problem. This research focuses on the determination of levels of particulate matter at residential and educational areas in Shah Alam. Two (2) sites were chosen, namely Flat Nilam Sari that represented the residential areas while University of Selangor represented the educational areas. Four (4) sets of levels of particulate matter and other parameters (traffic volume, temperature and wind speed) were obtained by using Dylos DC1700 Laser Particle Counters and Mini Thermo-Anemometer respectively. The results obtained showed that the particulate matters (PM2.5 and PM10) at both study areas are below permissible limits required by Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guidelines (MAAQS). However, the Air Quality Indexes of PM2.5 at both study areas shows that the AQI readings are categorized as unhealthy. The highest AQI reading was 159, which was recorded at residential area. In most cases, the results revealed that particulate matter produced by traffic vehicles has significant correlation with the increase of travelled particles. From the correlation analysis, both study areas have significant correlation of PM2.5 with medium vehicles while the educational area has correlation with all types of heavy, medium and small vehicles.

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10

Vilcekova, Silvia, Judita Kubinova i Eva Kridlova Burdova. "Measuring of Outdoor and Indoor Particulate Matter Concentrations in Village of Jasov". Solid State Phenomena 244 (październik 2015): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.244.182.

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Increase in particulate matter air contamination and its negative impact on human health have resulted in efforts to monitor and identify the sources. Particles are produced by photochemical atmospheric reactions and the coagulation of combustion products from automobiles and stationary sources, with lifetimes of several days or more. The occurrence of particulate matters indoors depends on outdoor pollution and its transport indoors as well as on the presence of indoor sources. This paper aims to carry out a measuring of particular matters concentrations in indoor air of selected buildings and in outdoor air in village of Jasov. The mass concentrations of particulate matters for fractions of 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 micrometers were measured and evaluated in order to determine the extent of exposure of people.

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11

Park, Hyungyu, Seonghyun Park i Janghoo Seo. "Evaluation on Air Purifier’s Performance in Reducing the Concentration of Fine Particulate Matter for Occupants according to its Operation Methods". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, nr 15 (1.08.2020): 5561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155561.

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Fine particulate matter entering the body through breathing cause serious damage to humans. In South Korea, filter-type air purifiers are used to eliminate indoor fine particulate matter, and there has been a broad range of studies on the spread of fine particulate matter and air purifiers. However, earlier studies have not evaluated an operating method of air purifiers considering the inflow of fine particulate matter into the body or reduction performance of the concentration of fine particulate matter. There is a limit to controlling the concentration of fine particulate matter of the overall space where an air purifier is fixed in one spot as the source of indoor fine particulate matter is varied. Accordingly, this study analyzed changes in the concentration of indoor fine particulate matter through an experiment according to the discharging method and location of a fixed air purifier considering the inflow route of fine particulate matter into the body and their harmfulness. The study evaluated the purifiers’ performance in reducing the concentration of fine particulate matter in the occupants’ breathing zone according to the operation method in which a movable air purifier responds to the movement of occupants. The results showed the concentration of fine particulate matter around the breathing zone of the occupants had decreased by about 51 μg/m3 compared to the surrounding concentration in terms of the operating method in which an air purifier tracks occupants in real-time, and a decrease of about 68 μg/m3 in terms of the operating method in which an air purifier controls the zone. On the other hand, a real-time occupant tracking method may face a threshold due to the moving path of an air purifier and changes in the number of occupants. A zone controlling method is deemed suitable as an operating method of a movable air purifier to reduce the concentration of fine particulate matter in the breathing zone of occupants.

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Lohr, Virginia I., Georgia K. Goodwin i Caroline H. Pearson-Mims. "512 PB 286 EFFECTS OF INTERIOR PLANTS ON RELATIVE HUMIDITY AND AIR-BORNE PARTICULATE MATTER IN INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS". HortScience 29, nr 5 (maj 1994): 504g—504. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.504g.

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Foliage plants were added to different environments, including an office and a computer lab. Relative humidity and air-borne particulate matter were monitored in the presence and absence of the plants. When the relative humidity was low, the addition of plants increased the relative humidity slightly, but significantly, over that when no plants were present. Particulate matter accumulation was not increased in the presence of plants. Some have hypothesized that the growing medium could be a source of increased particulates when plants are used indoors. Some of our experiments used self-watering containers, irrigated from below, resulting in very dusty conditions in the top of the container. If the growing medium could contribute to increases in particulate matter, we should have detected it in this study.

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13

Ferreira da Silva Brito, Gabriel, Fernando Fabriz Sodré i Fernanda Vasconcelos de Almeida. "Impact of Particulate Matter on Air Quality". Revista Virtual de Química 10, nr 5 (2018): 1335–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21577/1984-6835.20180092.

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Brook, Robert D., Sanjay Rajagopalan, C. Arden Pope, Jeffrey R. Brook, Aruni Bhatnagar, Ana V. Diez-Roux, Fernando Holguin i in. "Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease". Circulation 121, nr 21 (czerwiec 2010): 2331–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/cir.0b013e3181dbece1.

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15

Chen, Tze-Ming, Ware G. Kuschner, Janaki Gokhale i Scott Shofer. "Outdoor Air Pollution: Particulate Matter Health Effects". American Journal of the Medical Sciences 333, nr 4 (kwiecień 2007): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/maj.0b013e31803b8dcc.

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Giorgini, Paolo, Melvyn Rubenfire, Ritabrata Das, Theresa Gracik, Lu Wang, Masako Morishita, Robert L. Bard i in. "Particulate matter air pollution and ambient temperature". Journal of Hypertension 33, nr 10 (październik 2015): 2032–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/hjh.0000000000000663.

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Forlani, Luciano, Alberto Legnani i Paolo Zani. "Urban air pollution: Particulate matter in Bologna". Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 92, nr 3 (marzec 2010): 413–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02772241003591668.

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Bell, Michelle L., i Tracey Holloway. "Global impacts of particulate matter air pollution". Environmental Research Letters 2, nr 4 (październik 2007): 045026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/2/4/045026.

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Woodruff, T. J., J. D. Parker, M. Huynh i K. Schoendorf. "PARTICULATE MATTER AIR POLLUTION AND PERINATAL OUTCOMES". Epidemiology 16, nr 5 (wrzesień 2005): S112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200509000-00280.

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Arias-Pérez, Rubén D., Natalia A. Taborda, Diana M. Gómez, Jhon Fredy Narvaez, Jazmín Porras i Juan C. Hernandez. "Inflammatory effects of particulate matter air pollution". Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, nr 34 (1.09.2020): 42390–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10574-w.

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Brook, Robert D., i Sanjay Rajagopalan. "Particulate matter, air pollution, and blood pressure". Journal of the American Society of Hypertension 3, nr 5 (wrzesień 2009): 332–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jash.2009.08.005.

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DAVY, P., W. J. TROMPETTER, A. MARKWITZ i D. C. WEATHERBURN. "ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS AND SOURCE APPORTIONMENT OF AMBIENT PARTICULATE MATTER AT MASTERTON, NEW ZEALAND". International Journal of PIXE 15, nr 03n04 (styczeń 2005): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083505000556.

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At certain locations in the Wellington Region, pollution episodes due to air particulate matter are known to occur from time to time. Traditional gravimetric analysis of airborne particulate matter is unable to provide information on the sources contributing to air particulate concentrations. Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) is one of the few non-destructive techniques that can be used to identify the elemental composition of air particulate matter on a filter sample. In this work IBA was used to characterise air particulate matter in two size fractions, PM 20. and PM 10-2.0, collected at a monitoring station in Masterton, New Zealand. Elements with atomic mass above neon were measured by the PIXE technique. Elemental carbon was measured with a light reflectance device. Elemental 'fingerprints' of contributing sources were determined by performing factor analysis of the elemental composition. The results indicate that 'Sea Salt' and 'Soil' sources are major contributors to the coarse ( PM 10-2.0) fraction and 'Combustion' sources dominate the fine ( PM 2.0) fraction of air particulate matter. Analysis of seasonal differences was a useful tool in elucidating source profiles.

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Rossbach, M., R. Jayasekera, G. Kniewald i Nguyen Huu Thang. "Large scale air monitoring: lichen vs. air particulate matter analysis". Science of The Total Environment 232, nr 1-2 (lipiec 1999): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(99)00110-2.

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Ravinder, R., R. Kesavan i P. Thilagaraj. "Assessment of Air Quality in Commercial Places of Chennai through Air Quality Index". Advanced Materials Research 984-985 (lipiec 2014): 1190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.984-985.1190.

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Air quality indices are used for local and regional air quality management in many metro cities of the world. The present investigation was carried out to find the significance of air pollutant concentrations at commercial areas of Chennai. Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM), Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and Oxides of nitrogen (NOX) were analyzed over two sites namely T.Nagar and Kilpauk in Chennai. Both the sampling stations selected are located in commercial areas. Several concepts and indicators exist to measure and rank the urban areas in terms of their socio-economic infrastructure and environment related parameters. In this paper an air quality index (AQI) considering the combined level of three criteria pollutants (oxides of nitrogen, sulphur dioxide, and Respirable suspended particulate matter ) is proposed.

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Muharrami, Revia, Rini Hidayati i Ana Turyanti. "Accute Respiratory Infections (Pneumonia) Incidence Rate in Children due to Climate Variables and Air Quality in Bogor". Agromet 35, nr 1 (9.06.2021): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/j.agromet.35.1.39-48.

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Pneumonia is the respiratory infection disease, which is influenced by climatic variables and air quality. However, little is known how rainfall and air humidity influence on the disease situated in a high traffic density such as in Bogor, Indonesia. The research aims to analyze the influences of rainfall, air humidity, and air pollution on the incidence rate of pneumonia under 5-year old children in Bogor. We used statistical approaches namely correlation and principal component analysis and combined with chart analysis to identify the influences. Our results revealed that high rainfall (high relative humidity) improved air quality by lowering the concentration of particulate matter. But, the indoor microorganism growth would increase, therefore it affects the incidence rate of pneumonia under 5-year old children, especially in transition season from wet to dry. In dry season, high concentration of particulate matter in the air would increase the incidence rate of pneumonia. Other findings showed that climate (through humidity) and particulate matters have regulated the pneumonia incidence rate in Bogor. The rate was higher under high humidity. On other hand, in transition from dry to wet season, concentration of particulate matters was more dominant to influence the incident rate.

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Wysocka, Monika. "Examination of PM10 and PM2.5 Concentration in an Apartment in a Multifamily Building". Proceedings 16, nr 1 (22.07.2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019016049.

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The purpose of this article is to analyze the level of air pollution by particulate matter PM10 and PM2.5 in an apartment in a multifamily building. Also, there is a comparison between pollution level caused by particulate matters in indoor and outdoor air at the same time. An attempt was made to define a correlation between concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 in indoor and atmospheric air.

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Nowak-Dzieszko, K., i T. Kisilewicz. "Internal particulate matter pollution in educational building". E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 06008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017206008.

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The authors undertook research on the proper strategy of operation of educational building with gravitational ventilation in historic city center with high concentration of particulate matter PM10 and PM 2.5. In this facility the momentary increase in carbon dioxide concentration is often very high, and at the same time health requirements regarding atmospheric aerosol should be absolutely met. That is why long-term measurements of PM concentration outside and inside, as well as carbon dioxide concentration inside were carried out. CO2 was used also as a tracer gas for measurement of air change intensity. The article presents the first results of these tests and a correlation that occurs between the external and internal concentration of particulate matter PM 10 and PM 2.5. Due to a significant filtration effect of the external building envelope and particle deposition a potential conflict between required gravitational ventilation intensity and internal air pollution with particulate matters was partially reduced.

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Kim, Taekyung, i Shiyong Yoo. "Air Pollution, Stock Return, and Volatility: Evidence from Korean Stock Markets". Korean Journal of Financial Studies 49, nr 3 (30.06.2020): 375–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.26845/kjfs.2020.06.49.3.375.

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This study analyzes the direct and indirect effects of air pollution on the return and volatility of the KOSPI index through the trading ratio by investor type. The main results are as follows. First, air pollutants have a direct effect on volatility; coarse particulate matter (PM10) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) have a negative effect on volatility. Second, air pollutants have a significant effect on the trading ratio by investor type; as the concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) increases, the trading ratio of institutionals and those of foreigners decrease. Third, the effect of cumulative exposure of air pollutants on stock return and volatility is greater than that of daily exposure. Although there is no effect on daily exposure to air pollution, stock return decreases during cumulative exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and carbon monoxide (CO). The volatility changes significantly with cumulative exposure compared to daily exposure to coarse particulate matter (PM10), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). Fourth, air pollutants have an indirect effect on stock return and volatility through trading ratio by institutional and foreign investors. In particular, the effect of air pollution through the foreign investors’ trading ratio is a remarkable result revealed in this study.

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Blom, Douglas A., i Ted A. Nolan. "Spark Ignition Motor Vehicle Exhaust Particulate Matter Characterization". Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (sierpień 2000): 72–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600032852.

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The Northern Front Range Air Quality Study concluded that for the Denver metropolitan area during 1996 and 1997, 55% of particles with an aerodynamic diameter 50% cutpoint of 2.5 μm (PM2.5) were attributable to motor vehicle exhaust particulates. The health effects of PM2.5 are currently unknown, but are under investigation. It is of vital interest to understand the chemistry, morphology, size distribution and microstructure of motor vehicle exhaust. The techniques of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) appear to be well suited for the analysis of the microstructure, morphology and microchemical composition of particulate matter. Previous electron microscopy observations of particulate matter from a variety of sources have found that the chemical composition and crystal structure are characteristics of the source of the particles.As part of an ongoing research project into the health effects of motor vehicle particulate matter, Southwest Research Institute (SWRI) is performing chassis dynamometer tests of a variety of vehicles and collecting samples from the exhaust stream for analysis.

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Singh, Nirankar, Susheel K. Mittal, Rishipal Singh, Ravinder Agarwal, Amit Awasthi i Prabhat K. Gupta. "Potassium as a Marker in Air Particulate Matter After Crop Residue Burning Events in Patiala, India". Chitkara Chemistry Review 1, nr 2 (2.09.2013): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/ccr.2013.12010.

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Raina, Anil K., i Anita Sharma. "Ambient air quality of Katra Town (J&K): A Study with Reference to atmospheric particulates". Environment Conservation Journal 14, nr 1&2 (16.06.2013): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2013.141220.

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The monitoring of ambient air quality of Katra (one of the important town of Jammu from economic as well as religious point of view), at selected locations of residential areas, commercial areas and traffic crossings with respect to particulate matter (both respirable and non-respirable) has been conducted for a period of two years i.e. July 2010 – June 2012. Large variations in ambient particulate matter concentrations have been observed throughout the study period. Seasonally, the particulate matter exhibited low values during monsoon period and high values during post-monsoon period. The concentration of particulates (both respirable and non-respirable) in post monsoon season exceeded the concentrations than that of other seasons at most of the sites, thereby signifying the impact of local factors on pollutant concentrations, besides the impact of meteorological factors. Higher concentrations have been recorded in the year 2011-2012 as compared to 2010-2011 at all the sites except traffic crossings.

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TROMPETTER, W. J., A. MARKWITZ i P. DAVY. "AIR PARTICULATE RESEARCH CAPABILITY AT THE NEW ZEALAND ION BEAM ANALYSIS FACILITY USING PIXE AND IBA TECHNIQUES". International Journal of PIXE 15, nr 03n04 (styczeń 2005): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083505000581.

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PIXE and Ion Beam Analysis are one of the few techniques that can be used to identify the elemental composition of air particulates without destroying the filter sample. They are key tools for identifying the sources and determining the relative contribution of biogenic and anthropogenic sources of air particulate matter pollution in our environment. Over the last 8 years, specialised equipment has been designed and built at the New Zealand Ion Beam Analysis facility in Lower Hutt for semi automated analysis of air filters. The equipment and experimental techniques have been refined to improve sensitivities for many of the elements in the periodic table. At GNS, sensitivities have recently been further improved by using two X-ray detectors simultaneously with different amounts of X-ray filtering and collimation. The average limit of detection is improved from 66 ng/cm2 (typical for a setup using a single detector) to 35 ng/cm2 using two detectors simultaneously. The New Zealand Ion Beam Analysis facility now routinely analyses air particulate matter collected on filters from several locations around New Zealand. In this paper, results of air particulate studies from several locations in the Wellington region are presented.

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Begum, Bilkis A., Philip K. Hopke i Andreas Markwitz. "Air pollution by fine particulate matter in Bangladesh". Atmospheric Pollution Research 4, nr 1 (styczeń 2013): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5094/apr.2013.008.

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Shimada, Shinji, Teruko Toyoda i Kiyotaka Tsunemi. "Speciation of Nickel Compounds in Air Particulate Matter". BUNSEKI KAGAKU 58, nr 3 (2009): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.58.159.

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Veronesi, Bellina, i Marga Oortgiesen. "Neurogenic Inflammation and Particulate Matter (PM) Air Pollutants". NeuroToxicology 22, nr 6 (grudzień 2001): 795–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0161-813x(01)00062-6.

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Sombatwantana, S. "Particulate matter air pollution and brain disorders: Pathophysiology". Journal of the Neurological Sciences 405 (październik 2019): 124–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2019.10.1807.

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Lippmann, Morton, i George Thurston. "Ambient Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Cardiopulmonary Diseases". Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 36, nr 03 (29.05.2015): 422–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1549455.

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McClellan, Roger O. "Setting ambient air quality standards for particulate matter". Toxicology 181-182 (grudzień 2002): 329–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-483x(02)00459-6.

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Marczak, Halina. "PARTICULATE MATTER IN ATMOSPHERIC AIR IN URBAN AGGLOMERATION". Journal of Ecological Engineering 18, nr 3 (2.05.2017): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12911/22998993/69361.

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Volk, Heather E., Fred Lurmann, Bryan Penfold, Irva Hertz-Picciotto i Rob McConnell. "Traffic-Related Air Pollution, Particulate Matter, and Autism". JAMA Psychiatry 70, nr 1 (1.01.2013): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.266.

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Deng, Huiyu, Sandrah P. Eckel, Lihua Liu, Frederick W. Lurmann, Myles G. Cockburn i Frank D. Gilliland. "Particulate matter air pollution and liver cancer survival". International Journal of Cancer 141, nr 4 (7.06.2017): 744–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.30779.

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Frohlich-Nowoisky, J., D. A. Pickersgill, V. R. Despres i U. Poschl. "High diversity of fungi in air particulate matter". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106, nr 31 (17.07.2009): 12814–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0811003106.

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GUNCHIN, GERELMAA, LODOYSAMBA SEREETER, SHAGJJAMBA DAGVA, AMARTAIVAN TSENDDAVAA, PERRY K. DAVY, ANDREAS MARKWITZ i WILLIAM J. TROMPETTER. "AIR PARTICULATE MATTER POLLUTION IN ULAANBAATAR CITY, MONGOLIA". International Journal of PIXE 22, nr 01n02 (styczeń 2012): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083512400062.

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Due to increased energy demands from its rapidly growing economy and population, ambient air in Ulaanbaatar, the capital city of Mongolia contains some of the highest reported air particulate matter (APM) concentrations in the world. The purpose of this study is to identify major APM sources. Source apportionment is an elegant and effective way to establish baseline data for mitigation strategies that focus on reducing APM pollution. The Nuclear Research Centre at the National University of Mongolia has been conducting APM pollution studies in Ulaanbaatar since 2004. Results presented here are based on a sampling campaign from June 2008 to May 2009 at two sites in Ulaanbaatar. APM samples were collected on polycarbonate filter, in two size fractions, fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM10-2.5) particulate matter. Ion beam analysis provided the elemental concentration values and receptor modeling was used to determine the sources contributing to the particulate matter pollution. The results show that the main sources of PM pollution are soil, motor vehicles, coal and wood combustion, with varying contributing amounts at each site. Source contributions to PM2.5 at a residential site were found to be: soil 47%, coal combustion 35%, motor vehicles/road dust 13% and biomass burning 4%. At the residential site it was found that the primary source contributors to PM10-2.5 were soil 71%, coal combustion 10%, and motor vehicles/road dust 19%.Source contributions to PM2.5 at a non-residential site were found to be: coal combustion 92%, motor vehicles/road dust 3%, soil 3% and biomass burning 2%. At the non-residential site it was found that the primary source contributors to PM10-2.5 were: soil 92%, motor vehicle/road dust 5% and coal combustion 3%.

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Filip, G. M., i V. M. Brezoczki. "Particulate matter urban air pollution from traffic car". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 200 (maj 2017): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/200/1/012027.

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Zeisler, R., N. Haselberger, M. Makarewicz, R. Ogris, R. M. Parr, S. F. Stone, O. Valkovic, V. Valkovic i E. Wehrstein. "Nuclear techniques applied to air particulate matter studies". Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 217, nr 1 (marzec 1997): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02055341.

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Zhang, Zhenyu, Nicholas R. Rowan, Jayant M. Pinto, Nyall R. London, Andrew P. Lane, Shyam Biswal i Murugappan Ramanathan. "Exposure to Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Anosmia". JAMA Network Open 4, nr 5 (27.05.2021): e2111606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.11606.

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Zheng, Mei, Caiqing Yan i Tong Zhu. "Understanding sources of fine particulate matter in China". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, nr 2183 (28.09.2020): 20190325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0325.

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Fine particulate matter has been a major concern in China as it is closely linked to issues such as haze, health and climate impacts. Since China released its new national air quality standard for fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) in 2012, great efforts have been put into reducing its concentration and meeting the standard. Significant improvement has been seen in recent years, especially in Beijing, the capital city of China. This paper reviews how China understands its sources of fine particulate matter, the major contributor to haze, and the most recent findings by researchers. It covers the characteristics of PM 2.5 in China, the major methods to understand its sources such as emission inventory and measurement networks, the major research programmes in air quality research, and the major measures that lead to successful control of fine particulate matter pollution. A great example of linking scientific findings to policy is the control of coal combustion from the residential sector in northern China. This review not only provides an overview of the fine particulate matter pollution problem in China, but also its experience of air quality management, which may benefit other countries facing similar issues. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Air quality, past present and future’.

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Nowicka, Grażyna. "Exposure to particulate matter and cardiovascular disease risk". Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 5, nr 1 (31.12.2007): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2007.5.1.05.

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Epidemiological studies clearly indicate that both long- and short-term exposure to several environmental air pollutants cause significant increase in the risk of cardiovascular events, the observed strong relation between particulate matter air level and cardiovascular diseases may be explained by indirect or direct influence of these particles on different biological processes involved in disease development. Improvement of air quality standards and lowering of particulate matter exposure can significantly diminish cardiovascular disease risk and improve public health status.

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Harrison, Roy M. "Airborne particulate matter". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, nr 2183 (28.09.2020): 20190319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0319.

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Airborne particulate matter (PM) is a pollutant of concern not only because of its adverse effects on human health but because of its ability to reduce visibility and soil buildings and materials. It can be regarded as a suite of pollutants since PM covers a very wide range of particle sizes and also has a diverse chemical composition. Historically, much of the PM arose from coal burning and was measured as black smoke. However, in the second half of the twentieth century in developed countries, there was a reduction in black smoke emissions from coal burning and PM steadily became dominated by carbonaceous particles from road traffic exhaust and the secondary pollutants, ammonium salts and secondary organic carbon. This is exemplified by the composition of fine particles (referred to as PM 2.5 ) as measured in London, Delhi and Beijing. Steadily, as control strategies have addressed the more tractable sources of emissions, so sources previously regarded as unconventional have emerged and have been seen to make a significant contribution to airborne PM concentrations. Among these are non-exhaust particles from road traffic, cooking aerosol and wood smoke. The particle size distribution of airborne PM is hugely diverse, ranging from newly formed particles of a few nanometres in diameter through to particles of tens of micrometres in diameter. There has been a great deal of interest in ultrafine (nano) particles because of suspicions of enhanced toxicity, and as traffic emissions decrease as a source, so regional nucleation processes have become much bigger relative contributors to particle number, but not mass. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Air quality, past present and future’.

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Bartyzel, Jakub, Damian Zięba, Jarosław Nęcki i Mirosław Zimnoch. "Assessment of Ventilation Efficiency in School Classrooms Based on Indoor–Outdoor Particulate Matter and Carbon Dioxide Measurements". Sustainability 12, nr 14 (12.07.2020): 5600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145600.

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The concentration of indoor suspended particulate matter is considered to be one of the main factors that affect health and quality of life. In Poland, in response to the pressure of public opinion, a few thousand air purifiers have been installed in public buildings where children spend time. However, another factor that also impacts upon the quality of indoor air, namely increased CO2 mixing ratios, is frequently overlooked. The only way to remove CO2 excess from interiors is through intensive ventilation. This is often an action at odds with the need to maintain low concentrations of particulate matter in indoor air. Two methods are presented to assess the rate of air exchange using CO2 or particulate matter as a tracer. One of the methods using indoor/outdoor PM (particulate matter) concentrations is based on the use of box models for analysis. The second one uses indoor CO2 concentration change analysis. At the tested locations, they showed large deviations of the determined values of the air exchange coefficients from its limits. Both methods showed consistent ventilation parameters estimation.

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