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Charles, Julien. "Une participation éprouvante : enquêtes sur l'autogestion, le management participatif, la participation citoyenne et l'empowerment". Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0051.
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Dans cette thèse, nous enquêtons sur des situations participatives plurielles : d’un dispositif de participation citoyenne classique jusqu’aux modalités actuelles de l’empowerment californien, en passant par une longue expérience autogestionnaire et le management participatif inspiré du toyotisme. Alors que les sciences sociales contemporaines se contentent d’investiguer la participation en la situant dans un espace public étriqué, nous proposons d’ouvrir l’enquête (ethnographique) non seulement à d’autres espaces mais également à d’autres modalités du prendre part. Cela nous permet de considérer les charges qui pèsent sur les participants. Nous décrivons et analysons également les capacités attendues des participants pour ensuite nous engager dans une exploration de ce qui les meut. Celle-ci nous conduit à mettre en exergue le déni de la vulnérabilité qui frappe l’anthropologie capacitaire sous-jacente aux approches classiques. Nous portons aussi attention aux dispositifs d’enregistrement des épreuves de la participation pour montrer qu’ils peuvent parfois ouvrir à la révision de la dynamique participative. Au final, nous mettons en exergue deux grands ensembles de conditions de la participation : d’une part des contraintes de format (liées au fait que la participation ne consiste pas seulement à être ensemble mais exige de préciser certaines modalités de mise en commun) et d’autre part les contraintes inhérentes aux conditions de réalisation de la participation (en tant qu’elle est toujours participation à quelque chose)In this dissertation, we investigate a plurality of participatory situations : from a classic instance of civic participation to the contemporary forms of empowerment in California, via a long immersion in self-management and Toyota Production System (TPS)-inspired participatory management. Whereas contemporary social sciences only question participation within the narrow limits of the public sphere, we offer to open up (ethnographic) investigations to other spaces as well as to other forms of part-taking. This allows us to take into account the burden laid on participants. We also describe and analyze capacities expected from participants and then engage in the exploration of what moves them. This leads us to calling attention to the denial of vulnerability affecting the anthropology of capability inherent to classic approaches. We also focus on recording equipments in participation tests, and show they can occasionally lead to a revision of participatory dynamics. Finally, we highlight two necessary conditions of participation : on the one hand format constraints (participation is not just about being together but also requires the specification of commonizing), and on the other hand constraints inherent to its realization (since participation always is participation to something)
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Massal, Julie. "La participation politique indienne en Equateur : vers une démocratie participative ?" Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX32015.
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Les mouvements indiens en Equateur revendiquent une démocratie participative. Depuis 1996, le "Mouvement d'Unité Plurinationale Nouveau Pays Pachakutik" dont le principal protagoniste est la Confédération des Nationalités Indiennes d'Equateur (CONAIE), se veut le représentant des exclus du système politique et notamment des populations indiennes. La participation autonome indienne à la politique est donc une revendication très récente. Pourquoi et dans quel contexte cette revendication émerge-t-elle ? Comment la mobilisation indienne a-t-elle évolué depuis le retour à la démocratie (1978) ? Enfin, quelles formes de mobilisation sociale et de participation politique les organisations indiennes prônent-elles pour mettre en oeuvre cette démocratie participative ?. .Indian social movements in Ecuador are demanding participative democracy. Since 1996, the Pluri-national Unity-Pachakutik New Country Movement and its main protagonist the Ecuadorian Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities (CONAIE), have sought to represent those who are exluded from the political system, especially the indigenous people. Autonomous Indian participation in politics is thus a very recent demand. Why and in what context has this demand emerged ? How has Indian mobilisation developed since the return of democracy in 1978 ? Ultimately, which forms of social mobilisation and political participation do the indigenous organisations advocate in order to implement a participative democracy ?. .
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Kim, Hyunsuk Oh. "The impact of participation in PDS collaboration on participating teachers". The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1298906816.
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De, Oliveira Osmany Porto. "Ambassadeurs de la participation : la diffusion internationale du Budget Participatif". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA086/document.
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Cette thèse de doctorat porte sur une facette encore peu explorée dans les études sur la démocratie et la participation : la diffusion internationale d’idées et de technologies sur la gouvernance participative. Les recherches récentes sur ce thème ont insisté sur l’influence des différents acteurs afin d’expliquer le phénomène de la diffusion, en accordant une attention particulière aux organisations internationales. La préconisation de modèles spécifiques de la part de ces institutions est fréquente, comme dans le cas du Budget Participatif (BP), qui, de nos jours, compte plus de 2800 expériences réparties à travers le monde. Cependant, les orientations des institutions internationales suffisent-elles à expliquer la diffusion d’idées et de technologies de gouvernance participative ? Située entre analyse de politiques publiques et étude des relations internationales, cette recherche de doctorat se propose d’examiner le processus de diffusion du BP, au travers d’une méthodologie qualitative, combinant entretiens approfondis, observation participante et analyse de documents. L’étude a été développée à partir d’un cas précurseur, Porto Alegre, et de différents cas de transfert en Afrique Subsaharienne et en Amérique Latine. Les résultats de la recherche semblent indiquer l’existence d’un flux global, de mouvements de diffusion régionale – comme dans la région des Andes –, et de mouvements ponctuels de transfert, au sein desquels le BP se déplace d’une institution à une autre, comme de Porto Alegre, au Brésil, vers la municipalité de Cotacachi, en Équateur, ou encore à Maputo, au Mozambique. L’action d’un ensemble d’individus a été fondamentale pour introduire le BP dans l’agenda international, ainsi que pour aider les processus de transfert à l’étranger. Une fois le BP légitimé au niveau international, les organisations internationales se démarquent, car elles financent les expériences, organisent des ateliers de formation de cadres et produisent du matériel d’implantationThis thesis explores an obscure facet in studies about democracy and participation, namely the international diffusion of ideas and technologies on participatory governance. Recent researches on the topic highlight the influence of various actors to explain the diffusion phenomenon, drawing particular attention to international organizations. These institutions often recommend the use of specific models, as in the case of the Participatory Budgeting (PB), which currently accounts over 2800 experiences worldwide. Nonetheless, do recommendations from international institutions suffice to explain the transfer of ideas and technologies on participatory governance? Situated between public policy analysis and the study of international relations, this doctoral research seeks to examine the transfer of Participatory Budgeting through a qualitative methodology, combining in-depth interviews, participant observation and document analysis. This research is based on the analysis of the key case of Porto Alegre and several cases of transfer in Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. Research findings indicate there is a global flow, a regional diffusion, as in the Andes, and also isolated transfers, in which PB streams from one institution to another, as exemplified on the transfer from Porto Alegre, Brazil, to the municipality of Cotacachi, Ecuador, or to Maputo in Mozambique. It was found that the actions of a group of individuals were crucial to make PB part of the international agenda. These actors have also assisted to promote transfers abroad. Once Participatory Budgeting becomes legitimate abroad, international organizations play a bigger role since they finance these experiences, organize training workshops for staff and develop implementation manuals
Esta tese de doutorado explora uma faceta ainda obscura nos estudos sobre a democracia e a participação, que consiste na difusão internacional de ideias e tecnologias de governança participativa. As pesquisas recentes sobre este tema têm insistido na influência de atores diversos para explicar o fenômeno da difusão, atribuindo ênfase especial às organizações internacionais. A indicação de modelos específicos da parte de tais instituições é frequente, como no caso do Orçamento Participativo (OP), que hoje conta com mais de 2800 experiências ao redor do globo. No entanto, seriam suficientes as orientações de instituições internacionais para explicar a difusão de ideias e tecnologias de governança participativa? Situada entre a análise de políticas públicas e o estudo das relações internacionais, a proposta da pesquisa de doutorado foi de examinar o processo de difusão do OP, por meio de metodologia qualitativa, combinando entrevistas em profundidade, observação participante e análise de documentos. O estudo foi desenvolvido a partir da análise de um caso de origem, Porto Alegre, e diversos casos de transferência na África Subsaariana e na América Latina. Os resultados de pesquisa apontam para a existencia um fluxo global, movimentos de difusão regional, como na região dos Andes, e movimentos pontuais de transferência, em que o OP se desloca de uma instituição à outra, como de Porto Alegre, no Brasil, para o município de Cotacachi, no Equador, ou ainda para Maputo, no Moçambique. Foi possível constatar que a ação de um conjunto de indivíduos foi fundamental para inserir o OP na agenda internacional, bem como para auxiliar nos processos de transferência no exterior. Uma vez que o OP se legitima no plano externo as organizações internacionais passam a fazer mais diferença, pois financiam experiências, organizam oficínas de capacitação de quadros e produzem manuais de implementação. A técnica utilizada para realizar este estudo foi a do “rastreamento do processo”, que procura identificar as cadeias de mecanismos causais que afetam um determinado fenômeno
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Petit, Guillaume. "Pouvoir et vouloir participer en démocratie : sociologie de l'engagement participatif : la production et la réception des offres institutionnelles de participation à l’échelle municipale". Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D094/document.
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Les élus locaux veulent associer les citoyens, qui veulent pouvoir être entendus et peser dans les décisions. Ces propositions résument les enjeux d'une démocratie participative, à la fois comme idéal de gouvernement et comme norme de l'action publique locale. La thèse revient sur la mise à l'épreuve de l'impératif délibératif à l'échelle municipale, depuis les années 1990. L'enquête repose sur l'analyse des conditions sociales de la production et de la réception d'offres institutionnelles de participation, dans trois communes de 20 000 habitants. Au travers d'une approche inductive et pluri-méthodologique, nous proposons une sociologie de l'engagement participatif, entre études sur la socialisation politique et sur l'action publique locale. L'attention portée aux contextes, aux acteurs et aux formats de l'offre de participation, permet d'en constater l'institutionnalisation inaboutie et les appropriations socialement situées. Nous argumentons en faveur d'une compréhension dispositionnelle et situationnelle des parcours de participation et de non-participation, pour élaborer une théorie ancrée de l'engagement participatif, entre pouvoir et vouloir. Dans ce cadre, la possibilité intermittente d'une participation réalisée ne se comprend qu'au regard d'un engagement distancié, critiqué, empêché ou évité. En toute fin, si elle est une voie d'intéressement à un intérêt local commun, l'offre de participation voit sa portée sociale et politique fondamentalement limitée par l’encastrement de la participation dans la représentationThis thesis studies political participation at local level and its implications for citizen engagement in public policy. Local elected representatives want to engage citizens in governance, citizens want to be heard and to influence policy making. Thus participatory democracy and deliberative imperative are considered as an ideal for government and a best practice in public action. This thesis focuses on "offers of participation" - opportunities for participation created by authorities for citizen - in French municipalities since 1990. I argue that these "offers" swing between thwart institutionalising and continuous experimenting. Empirical data are derived from the study of policies for implementing participatory democracy in three cities of 20 000 inhabitants. I discuss the social-historical anchorage of these political-administrative constructions, the effects of their various design and the social conditions of their differentiate appropriations by citizens. I suggest a grounded theory of citizen engagement based on an inductive and multi-method approach. The analytical framework is based on the concepts of social dispositions and situations, in order to determine social conditions of patterns of participation and non-participation, as both faces of a similar phenomenon. The opportunity for an effective intermittent participation can only be understood in relation with a distanced, impeached, prevented or avoided participation. "Offers of participation" are a way to mobilise citizens on a common local interest. Though, their impact is narrowed by the fact that participation is imbedded in the system of political representation
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Figueredo, Jorge Cesar. "Public Participation In Transportation: An Emperical Test For Authentic Participation". Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4265.
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This dissertation examines the public participation activities of State Departments of Transportation (SDOTs) in the United States. A review of existing literature and legal frameworks suggests that an "authentic" public participation results when dimensions of representativeness, use of public inputs, interactiveness, and quality of citizen inputs have been achieved. The study sought to identify conditions that serve as measurements that must presumably be satisfied for authenticity to exist in public participation. The result was a Model of Authentic Public Participation that served as the basis for creation of a new four-tiered methodology to assess the performance of these districts relative to authenticity requirements. This study also sought to identify the key determinants that lead districts to achieve Authentic Public Participation in District public involvement programs. A Predictor Model for Authentic Public Participation was created to test whether the key internal and external determinants are responsible for districts achieving authenticity in their public participation programs. The data for this study came from a mail-back survey that was administered to senior district administrators in 380 State Departments of Transportation districts in the United States. A total of 233 surveys were returned for a response rate of 61.3 percent. The results of the study suggest that most SDOT districts struggle to implement public participation programs that achieve high levels of authenticity. The increased use of public participation tools, specifically those active tools that allow for increased interaction between district staff and the public, can assist districts in achieving higher levels of authenticity in their programs. Of key importance to achievement of authenticity is the willingness of district staff to adopt new ideas and innovation learned from dealings with the public. District public participation programs benefit from training that increases the individual's acceptance of public participation as a valid mechanism for serving the public. Recommendations were made for SDOTs to work toward: • The creation of increased opportunities for the occurrence of Authentic Public Participation • The creation of individual ownership of authenticity in public participation • The creation of community partnerships to foster authenticity in public participationPh.D.
Other
Health and Public Affairs
Public Affairs: Ph.D.
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Silva, Nívea Maria Alves da. "Avaliação do modelo de gestão participativa em um campus escolar". Universidade Federal Fluminense, 2016. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/4325.
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As transformações administrativas que ocorreram no Brasil nas últimas décadas tornaram o Estado mais acessível ao cidadão, promovendo, na gestão educacional, práticas de participação e exercício da autonomia. Este estudo de caso tem como objetivo analisar a adequação do modelo de gestão implantado no campus pesquisado aos princípios e critérios de uma gestão participativa. Para tanto, foi feita a revisão da literatura sobre o tema, extraindo os principais critérios discutidos na atualidade, os quais serviram de base para a construção dos instrumentos de pesquisa. A aplicação das entrevistas e questionários foi feita na equipe gestora e em uma parcela representativa da comunidade escolar, respectivamente. A análise dos dados utilizou análise de conteúdo para as entrevistas e construção de tabelas para os questionários. Desta forma, analisando comparativamente os resultados, concluiu-se que a gestão pesquisada ainda está em construção, contendo algumas características de um modelo participativo.
The administrative changes that occurred in Brazil in recent decades have made the state more accessible to citizens by promoting in educational management, participation and exercise of autonomy practices. This case study aims to analyze the appropriateness of the management model implemented on campus researched the principles and criteria of participatory management. Therefore, the review of the literature on the subject was done by extracting the main criteria discussed nowadays, which served as the basis for the construction of the research instruments. The application of interviews and questionnaires was made in the management team and a significant portion of the school community, respectively. Data analysis used content analysis for interviews and build tables to the questionnaires. Thus, comparatively analyzing the results, it was concluded that the studied management is still under construction, having some characteristics of a participatory model.
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Rosdahl, Fredrik. "Elevinflytande - Pupil participation". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-27745.
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Författare: Fredrik Rosdahl Titel: Elevinflytande Nyckelord: Elevinflytande, intervjuer, Lgr-11Syftet med denna undersökning är att undersöka hur eleverna på en skola upplever elevinflytande. Elevinflytande är något som alltid har intresserat mig, att få möjligheten att påverka ens utbildning och arbets-/lärningsmiljö upplever jag som något väldigt viktigt. Under min egen skolgång var det inte förrän i högstadiet och gymnasiet som elevinflytande togs på allvar av skolan. I denna undersökningen kommer jag undersöka hur elevinflytande ser ut och fungerar på en låg- och mellanstadieskola. Undersökningens syfte är att upplysa hur elever upplever att elevinflytande fungerar på deras skola.Jag har tagit del av olika teorier om elevinflytande och hur man som pedagog kan arbeta med elevinflytande i skolan. Teorier så som John Dewey "learning by doing", som betonar vikten av att låta elever vara delaktiga i sin egen utbildning och få prova sig fram för att växa till kompetenta demokratiska medborgare. Min empiri bygger på intervjuer med rektorn, personal samt elever på en skola i västra Skåne samt intervju med en lärare på en skola i norra Skåne. Min empiri bygger också på observationer utav klassråd i olika klasser samt elevrådsmöte.Resultatet av denna studien presenteras i större utsträckning i resultats kapitlet i examensarbetet. Kortfattat, så visar resultatet av denna undersökningen att de medverkande eleverna upplever en stor möjlighet att få påverka sin skola och undervisning via elevinflytande.
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Zanette, Giorgia <1989>. "LA "PARTICIPATION EXEMPTION"". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3319.
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Jeong, Stephen B. "Participation and goal setting an examination of the components of participation /". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1150379850.
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Åkerström, Jeanette. ""Participation is everything" : young people's voices on participation in school life". Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-35795.
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This thesis shows that participation is an important and comprehensive concept for young people. The aim of the thesis is to explore young people’s perspectives on and experiences of participation in school. Young people are in this research project understood as competent participants and as valuable contributors in research. Young people (aged 13–19 years) are involved as both research partners and research respondents. The design is explorative and mixed methods are used. Study 1 describes an interactive research circle with young people as research partners. Participation and asymmetric responsibility are identified as integral to research with young people. Study 2 describes a youth survey about young people’s participation that was conducted by the research partners in the research circle. This study shows that young people’s opportunities and abilities to communicate are crucial to their participation. Supportive relations are an important aspect and the young people describe that they want adults to support them in taking responsibility themselves. Study 3 is based on the results of the youth survey and describes a model of young people’s perspectives on participation. Viewed from young people’s perspectives, participation is shown to include social, educational and decision-making dimensions. Communication is identified as a central participatory dimension. This study describes how participation in school is created in both horizontal and vertical relations. Study 4 is about participation and exposure to bullying and threats in school and is informed by the results of the youth survey. This study shows how students with disabilities and especially students with multiple disabilities are in a vulnerable situation. They face greater risks of being excluded from participatory dimensions in school or of being more exposed to degrading treatment if they do participate. Girls with multiple disabilities seem to be in an extra vulnerable situation. Overall, this research project shows that young people’s perspectives are an important complement to adults’ perspectives on participation in school.
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Hidalgo, Bruno Dantas. "Aspectos geográficos da participação popular na gestão urbana: os Conselhos Participativos das Prefeituras Regionais do Município de São Paulo". Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-10092018-123309/.
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Após o processo de redemocratização do Brasil e da promulgação da Constituição de 1988, diversas instituições e instrumentos de gestão e planejamento do Estado implementaram em sua estrutura organizacional canais de participação popular. Na gestão das cidades essa tendência foi muito expressiva sobretudo após a elaboração do Estatuto das Cidades e muitas vezes foi acompanhada de medidas de descentralização administrativa. Considerando esse contexto, esta pesquisa tem o propósito de discutir os limites e possibilidades da participação popular na gestão urbana institucional por meio da análise dos conselhos participativos municipais (CPM) das Prefeituras Regionais do Município de São Paulo. Os CPM são instâncias que propõem políticas para os territórios paulistanos, além de apoiar e fiscalizar a administração descentralizada das prefeituras regionais. Para realizar essa investigação executou-se duas etapas metodológicas principais. Primeiramente, analisaram-se alguns indicadores de condições geográficas dos territórios paulistanos de modo a identificar prováveis desigualdades de possibilidades de participação da população nos CPM, em razão de piores ou melhores condições de vida nos distritos e locais de residência. Em seguida, buscou-se identificar os resultados práticos da ação dos CPM em medidas de planejamento e produção da cidade. O detalhamento do funcionamento concreto dos CPM foi obtido a partir de visitas a reuniões ordinárias em algumas prefeituras regionais e por meio de relatos e entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com conselheiros presentes nessas reuniões. De modo geral, observou-se que a pouca autonomia administrativa e orçamentária das prefeituras regionais tem impacto negativo sobre as possibilidades de intervenção dos CPM. Além disso, a própria normatização dos CPM que restringe sua atuação a um caráter meramente consultivo associada a frequente falta de apoio dos gabinetes das prefeituras regionais, acaba por desmobilizar os participantes, muitos deles passando a se ausentar das reuniões por se sentirem ignorados e sem poder efetivo. Contudo, apesar dos desafios e limitações de atuação dos CPM, grande parte dos conselheiros ativos destacam a importância do órgão, e alguns atribuem certas ações nos territórios à pressão dos conselhos. Os limites da atuação dos conselhos expõem contradições inerentes a uma sociedade em que os rumos da produção da geografia das cidades são restritos a círculos políticos e econômicos privilegiados. A resolução da demanda social por maior participação política acaba sendo efetivada apenas no plano formal.After the process of redemocratization in Brazil and the promulgation of the Constitution of 1988, several institutions and instruments of state management and planning implemented in their organizational structure ways of popular participation. In the management of cities, this tendency was very expressive especially after the elaboration of the Estatuto das Cidades (City Statute) and was often accompanied by measures of administrative decentralization. Considering this context, this research aims to discuss the limits and possibilities of popular participation in institutional urban management through the analysis of Municipal Participative Councils (MPC) of São Paulo Regional Prefectures. MPC are instances that propose policies for São Paulo territories, in addition to supporting and supervising the decentralized administration of regional prefectures. To carry out this research was executed two main methodological steps. Firstly, some indicators of geographic conditions in São Paulo territories were analyzed in order to identify probable inequalities of possibilities of participation of the population in the MPC, due to worse or better living conditions in the districts and places of residence. Next, we sought to identify the practical results of the action of MPC in the planning and production measures of the city. The detailing of the operation of MPC were obtained from visits to ordinary meetings in some regional prefectures and through semi-structured reports and interviews with counselors present at these meetings. In general, it was observed that the low administrative and budgetary autonomy of regional municipalities has a negative impact on the possibilities of MPC intervention. Moreover, the regulatory standards of MPC, which restricts their activities to a merely consultative nature, associated with the frequent lack of support from the regional governments offices, demobilize the participants, many of whom are absent from meetings because they feel ignored and unable to participate effective. However, despite the challenges and limitations of the MPC, most active counselors emphasize the importance of the institution, and some attribute certain actions in the territories to the pressure of the councils. The limits of the council\'s performance expose contradictions inherent in a society in which the directions of the production of the geography of cities are restricted to certain privileged political and economic circles. The solution to the social demand for greater political participation ends up being carried out only in the formal plane.
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Galindo, Alexandre Gomes. "ParticipaÃÃo social no desenvolvimento de polÃticas pÃblicas no Estado do AmapÃ: um olhar sobre a elaboraÃÃo e execuÃÃo do Plano Plurianual de MacapÃ-AP no perÃodo de 2013 a 2016". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2017. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=18989.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorEsta Tese tem como escopo principal apresentar o resultado do estudo sobre o processo de interlocuÃÃo entre integrantes da sociedade civil e o poder pÃblico em Macapà (capital do estado do AmapÃ), dando relevo à anÃlise das dinÃmicas de participaÃÃo de membros da sociedade no processo polÃtico de elaboraÃÃo e execuÃÃo do planejamento municipal, atravÃs da implantaÃÃo de um desenho institucional de gestÃo compartilhada proposto pela equipe de governo que assumiu a administraÃÃo pÃblica durante o perÃodo de 2013 a 2016. Sem a pretensÃo de apresentar avaliaÃÃes de resultados e efetividades das polÃticas pÃblicas implementadas no recorte temporal estabelecido, no atual estudo englobaram-se os seguintes objetivos integrados: a) Descortinar elementos que contextualizam a ambiÃncia macapaense sob a perspectiva do seu desenvolvimento e da configuraÃÃo de sua elite polÃtica local; b) Resgatar as caracterÃsticas das dinÃmicas institucionais de gestÃo participativa induzidas pela Prefeitura do MunicÃpio de Macapà relacionadas à elaboraÃÃo e execuÃÃo do Plano Plurianual, no perÃodo de 2013 a 2016; e, c) Apontar avanÃos, apropriaÃÃes, conflitos, dificuldades e desafios vinculados ao desenho institucional de gestÃo participativa implementado pela equipe de governo que assumiu a administraÃÃo pÃblica do MunicÃpio de Macapà no ano de 2013. No resgate contextual, evidenciou-se que a criaÃÃo do Estado do AmapÃ, em 1988, tornou-se uma linha divisÃria que marca o inÃcio do desenvolvimento de profundos processos de transformaÃÃo espacial, social, econÃmica e polÃtica no MunicÃpio de MacapÃ, inclusive com renovaÃÃo das elites polÃticas locais. Os resultados apontaram para a identificaÃÃo de componentes que integram grupos familiares, partidos polÃticos e lideranÃas locais envolvidos na esfera polÃtica macapaense. Ao analisar as intencionalidades declaradas de abertura de canais de diÃlogo com a sociedade, e de gestÃo da participaÃÃo nos processos de elaboraÃÃo e execuÃÃo do planejamento municipal, constatou-se que, em 2013, ocorreram os maiores esforÃos de mobilizaÃÃo para elaboraÃÃo compartilhada do planejamento municipal e de alocaÃÃo de recursos em programas de gestÃo da participaÃÃo no planejamento plurianual do municÃpio. O governo que assumiu a gestÃo pÃblica municipal no perÃodo de 2013 a 2016 implantou experiÃncias participativas com modelos e denominaÃÃes variadas como âO Povo no Comandoâ, âCongresso do Povoâ e âPrefeitura na sua Ruaâ, alterando a abordagem dada ao relacionamento com a sociedade a partir da segunda metade de seu mandato. Por mais que o modelo de gestÃo participativa adotado no municÃpio tenha gerado avanÃos e empoderamentos, tambÃm apresentou evidÃncias de conflitos, limitaÃÃes e desafios. Mesmo nÃo sendo propÃsito do presente estudo avanÃar no domÃnio da pragmÃtica, os resultados permitem inferir que, partindo-se do desenho de gestÃo adotado pela Prefeitura Municipal de MacapÃ, nos anos de 2013 a 2016, e das percepÃÃes sobre seu processo de implantaÃÃo, desponta a necessidade de reduÃÃo da centralidade do governo na gestÃo das InstituiÃÃes Participativas e da efetiva ampliaÃÃo do processo participativo para alÃm das etapas iniciais de elaboraÃÃo do PPA, LDO e LOA, visando superar as dificuldades encontradas no acompanhamento das aÃÃes de fiscalizaÃÃo e controle, e no acesso dos representantes da sociedade aos vÃrios setores da prefeitura.
The main scope of this work is to present the results of a study on the process of interlocution between members of the civil society and the public power in the city of MacapÃ, the capital of the Brazilian State of AmapÃ. This thesis brings to light the analysis of the dynamics of participation of members of society in the political process of elaborating and executing the municipal planning. This was possible through the implementation of an institutional design of shared management proposed by the government team that took office between 2013 and 2016. The present work does not aim to present evaluations of results and effectiveness of the public policies implemented in these four years. In the present study, the following integrated objectives were included: a) To reveal elements that contextualize the ambience in Macapà from the perspective of its development and the configuration of its local political elite; b) To review the characteristics of the institutional dynamics for a participatory management induced by the local executive branch of Macapà related to the elaboration and execution of a multi-annual plan, from 2013 to 2016; and, c) To point out advances, appropriations, conflicts, difficulties and challenges related to the institutional design of participatory management implemented by the government team that took office in MacapÃ, in 2013. During the contextualization of the data, it became evident that the creation of the State of Amapà in 1988 was a dividing line that marked the beginning of the development of deep spatial, social, economic and political transformation processes in the municipality of MacapÃ, including the renewal of local political elites. The results lead to the identification of components that integrate family groups, political parties and local leaders involved in the political sphere of the city. When the declared intentions of opening channels of dialogue with the society, and the participation management in the processes of elaboration and execution of municipal planning were analyzed, it was verified that the greatest efforts of mobilization for shared elaboration of the municipal planning and allocation of resources in programs to manage participation in the multi-annual plan took place in 2013. The government that took office from 2013 to 2016 implemented participatory experiences with different models and names, such as O povo no commando, Congresso do povo e Prefeitura na sua rua. These experiences changed the approach given to the relationship with society in the last half of its four-year term. Although the model of participatory management adopted in the municipality has generated advances and empowerment, it also presented evidence of conflicts, limitations and challenges. Even though the purpose of this study is not to advance in the field of pragmatics, the results allow us to infer that, starting from the management design adopted by the municipality of MacapÃ, from 2013 to 2016, and from the perceptions about its implantation process, there is a need to reduce the centrality of the government in the management of participatory Institutions and the effective broadening of the participatory process beyond the initial stages of preparation of the Multi-annual Plan, the Budget Directive Law and the Annual Budget Law. These steps aim to overcome the difficulties faced during the monitoring of controlling actions, and in the access of different members of the civil society to the various sectors of the city hall.
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Brett, Raphaël. "La participation du public à l'élaboration des normes environnementales". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS093.
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L’étude de la participation du public à l’élaboration des normes environnementales contribue à l’analyse de la mutation contemporaine de l’action publique. Elle démontre plus précisément que la participation, consacrée sous la forme d’un principe juridique à destination des États et sous la forme d’un droit subjectif à destination des administrés, est appréhendée différemment, mais de manière complémentaire, par les droits international, européens et national. Tenant aussi bien au désir des pouvoirs publics de restaurer leur légitimité qu’à leur volonté d’améliorer le contenu des décisions environnementales, par nature très complexe, la participation vise le perfectionnement des modalités de détermination de l’intérêt général mais n’en change pas la nature intrinsèque. Elle redessine ainsi le fonctionnement du régime représentatif en donnant plus d’importance aux citoyens et aux groupes d’intérêts, sans pour autant faire émerger une réelle post-modernité juridique dans laquelle l’État se contenterait de n’être qu’un simple agent de régulation. Elle est en outre à l’origine d’un renouvellement des modalités de participation politique, les pouvoirs publics créant peu à peu une véritable « trame participative », qui permet au public d’influencer – encore marginalement – le contenu des décisions ayant une incidence sur l’environnementThe study of Public Participation in Environmental Decision-making demonstrates that participation contributes to Modern state's mutation. International, europeans and french laws offer from now on various perspectives for the public to influence the construction of environmental decisions. If it does not change the nature of the french notion of general interest, it surely modifies the way to elaborate such interest. The study emphasizes more precisely the role of individuals and groups of interest in this new procedural democracy. It underlines furthermore the conditions in which public participation can really satisfy its two main objectives, the legitimization of public action and the improvement of the content of environmental decisions
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Baldursdóttir, Nína Guðrún. "Pathways of participation : Considering the case for empowering participation within humanitarian action". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-344192.
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When consulted, aid-recipients consistently report not feeling included or adequately consulted regarding the planning and execution of programmes. On top of a serious lack of opportunities to be engaged or empowered this seems to provide a sufficient reason to explore ways of making participation in humanitarian action an empowering experience in itself. This paper will explore how empowerment could be used in practice and employs the term empowering participation to refer to the desired process of including aid-recipients. To do so it uses a hypothetical example of how it might be accommodated in a programme’s feedback mechanism (FM), that controls a certain access to information and influence, identified as key to empowerment, as a case study to understand some of the potential, and limits, of empowerment as praxis. To get a better idea of how the special circumstances of different groups affect the process youth have been singled out as the programme’s hypothetical target group. The key finding is that for a FM to facilitate empowering participation a clear focus has to be on a commitment to, and recognition of, an incentive to see the relationship within it as one between experts. Requiring the reasons for entering into a communicative relationship to be clearly stated as well as clarifying the roles of those involved. Perversely, confusion or vagueness could frustrate or counter empowerment efforts. There are certainly challenges, but without confronting them we will not know what benefits could have been reaped and if we take serious the view that people should fundamentally be supported to help themselves, we should not shy away from asking and giving serious consideration to difficult questions.
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Sondergaard, Karin. "Participation as media : a compositional system for staging participation with reflective scenography". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/830.
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The practice-led research develops a compositional system for staging participation within reflective scenographies, and suggests an artistic concept of 'participation as media', which propose the participatory involvement as compositional material in itself. The research takes a starting point in the author's expert practice as a performer and director, and identifies key compositional problems from analysis of previous productions of participatory artworks. The practice-led research processes were organised into two laboratory events, a series of method investigations, and the production of two participatory installation artworks Mirror-Zone-Site and Zen- Sofa Arrangement. The approach is to rethink theatre as a complex communicational system of reflective operations, and to recognise performer technique as several simultaneously working levels of self-referential communicative operations, that can be staged as a participatory condition by reflective scenography. From a compositional perspective the question is how to externalise the performer's technique as abstracted mediating structures, and implement them by the use of responsive and mediating technology embedded in the reflective operations of a scenography. The compositional system consists of design parameters, compositional strategies, and a postprogressive dramaturgy. The design parameters framing, channelling, and coupling, organise a calibration of the staged feedback operations. The compositional strategies, which derive from practices of performer technique, organise scenarios of introvert, extrovert and social referencing operations. The postprogressive dramaturgy informs the performative engagement of the participant as a process of experiential narrativation. The system enables a capability to navigate the compositional process into the complex creation of participatory engagement as a media in itself, and enables a structured overview on the compositional process, argued in an interdisciplinary context. The research investigates events that involve the visitor in the realisation of the work, to an extent where the media of the artwork is the activity of participation in itself and the participatory engagement forms a main site of the emergence of the artwork. Through the visitor's acts of participation, she releases the potential of the artwork, and as such, occupies a crucial position in the constitution of the work These artworks are suggested to stage the participant in structures of communication and include her as an operator in a communication device.
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Gilbert, Reyna A. "The relationship of parental sport participation to the sport participation of children". Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1294244.
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The majority of research in this area was conducted more than 20 years ago, which indicated a need for more current research. There was a need to learn how a parent's previous or current sport participation could impact their child's sport experience. Parents and their children completed questionnaires to determine the role of parental influence upon child sport socialization. Participants included students in the 6th, 8th, 9th, and 10th grade physical education classes at a Mid-west school and their parents. Thirty-eight children, 24 fathers, and 31 mothers were included in the sample.No significant difference was found in the sport participation rates of children whose parents participated in sports previously and children whose parents were not active sport participants in the past. A positive relationship was found between parents who had a positive overall sport experience and their child's perception of their encouragement to pursue the same sport in which parents had previously participated.School of Physical Education
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Foster, Matthew F. "Identity, Civic Duty and Electoral Participation| Causes of Variation in Electoral Participation". Thesis, University of Colorado at Boulder, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10825816.
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What causes variation in the turnout of an individual from election to election? Most individual level predictors of turnout can account for the propensity of an individual to vote but fail to account for changes in turnout behavior. Broad aggregate factors can account for variation in turnout trends from election to election but fail to account for changes in turnout at the individual level. In this dissertation I argue that civic duty can capture the variation that typical predictors of voter turnout cannot. Civic duty can account for variation in the turnout of high and low propensity voters, as well as distinguish why some groups turnout in one election and other groups turnout in another. The capacity of civic duty to capture such variation comes from the sensitivity of civic duty to the saliency of identities and the competing group concerns they generate. Civic duty motivates an individual to vote due to a sense of obligation that is generated by multiple group identities, with these identities either complementing each other and enhancing a sense of civic duty or conflicting with each other and diminishing such a sense. I apply and test such theory using the case of the 2017 British general election. With this case I find that civic duty can uniquely capture a sense of European identity, as well as the variation in salience of such identity that can account for the highly unexpected turnout of Millennials in 2017.
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McInnes, Hamish Alan. "Lifestyles and leisure participation". Thesis, Loughborough University, 1989. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/28227.
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The objectives of this research are twofold; firstly, to provide a more complete appraisal of leisure participation than hitherto available, and secondly, to see whether or not leisure lifestyles can be identified on the basis of people's behaviour. Leisure life styles of individuals are poorly understood. Research to date has concentrated on specific activities or the use of facilities. It has been almost wholly descriptive in nature. This thesis aims to examine individual leisure behaviour with particular reference to the neglected sphere of informal and home based leisure.
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Bond, Sophie, i n/a. "Participation, urbanism and power". University of Otago. Department of Geography, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080404.152556.
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This thesis explores how an adherence to professional principles can be reconciled with a commitment to inclusive participatory planning processes in urban governance. Two themes are drawn together. First, the study concerns recent shifts in thinking about public participation that have resulted in innovative approaches to engaging citizens in urban governance processes through deliberative, interactive workshops and forums. Second, the study focuses on power relations that are inherent in such forums, particularly when a variety of different knowledges (expert and lay) interact. The two themes are brought together by focusing on the participatory practices of the urbanist movement - an urban form movement that draws specific principles from the urbanism of traditional towns and cities in order to create socially and environmentally sustainable places. Within urbanist participation, professional principles for the built environment and a commitment to a form of deliberative democracy are combined. In this study, the crucial question asked is: what is the nature and effect of the power relations on the democratic character of public involvement in participatory planning processes?
To explore this issue, two urbanist Enquiry by Design processes were selected as retrospective case studies. One case involved a regeneration project for an inner urban area of a north England industrial town, while the other case involved a greenfield urban extension in the south west of England. The empirical research, undertaken in mid 2005, comprised 52 semi-structured interviews, analysis of extensive background material, and site visits. Research participants were selected to capture a range of perspectives and experiences of each process.
To understand the power relations in the cases a two pronged approach was taken. The study was informed by literature from communicative planning theory and deliberative democracy. From this literature, an Ethic for Communicative Participation was developed as a heuristic device to evaluate urbanist participation. Concomitantly, to understand the nature of the power relations involved in the deliberative forum, the study employed a discourse theory perspective after Laclau and Mouffe (2001). Thus, power was understood as relational and imbricated within all social relations, while conflict was conceived of as an indicator of power.
The study found that the urbanist discourse, as a hegemonic project, had a significant effect on the nature of the participatory processes. In disseminating and instituting a particular vision for urban sustainability, the urbanist participatory process was found to be instrumental to realising the urbanist vision in each locality. As such, the cases studied displayed a thin commitment to democracy. Moreover, the discursive constructions of concepts of community, representation, consensus and participation evident in the cases, exposed a unified and homogeneous understanding of social groups. Consequently, the complexity of power relations and conflict inherent in the processes were bracketed, resulting in the exclusion of certain perspectives.
Nevertheless, the study illustrated the value in understanding the inherently antagonistic nature of the public sphere for both research and practice. The study supported emerging claims for a democratic politics in which antagonism is transformed into agonism - a space of reciprocity and mutual respect in which contestations over meanings can be articulated. In the cases, the participatory space allowed participants to challenge the hegemonic nature of the dominant discourses. Therefore, the thesis argues for two important ways to rethink power in both theory and in practice. First, there must be a willingness to engage with conflict and power. Second, there must be an interrogation of claims to unity or collectivity. Understanding the public sphere as inherently antagonistic, heterogeneous, and criss-crossed with complex power relations potentially provides conditions in which hegemonic forces can be contested. An agonistic politics has the potential to facilitate the open contestation of different knowledges and transform the dominant power relations such that an enhanced democracy can ensue.
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Farrar, Joyce Priscilla Jane. "Different dialogues of participation". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0020/MQ49565.pdf.
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McMillan, Donald Calum. "Mass participation user trials". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3656/.
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This thesis investigates how researchers can take advantage of the rapid adoption of mobile technology that has brought with it transformations in social and cultural practice; the expectations of what computers are, what they can do, and the role of digital objects in everyday life. In particular this thesis presents and discuses the use of new App Store style software distribution methods to reduce the cost, in terms of researcher time and hardware, of recruiting a large group of participants for a trial ‘in the wild’ while increasing the potential diversity of users is becoming an attractive option for researchers pursuing the ubicomp vision. It examines the procedures for running large scale trials with the deployment of three applications released to a combined user base of over 135,000 in such a way as to keep the qualitative detail necessary to inform design while gain- ing the diversity of users for claims of generalisability. More generally, it discusses the results that can be expected from this ‘mass participation’ approach, and the ethical responsibilities they place upon researchers. The contributions of this thesis for mobile HCI show that in large-scale trials, relatively rich qualitative data can be collected along with substantial quantitative data, and that a hybrid trial methodology combining a large- scale deployment with a local trial can be a powerful tool in addressing shortcomings of trials that are either solely local or solely global. This thesis also contributes guidelines for researchers running large-scale user trials that give consideration to the established research norms and practices, in an attempt to strike a new balance between invasiveness and utility.
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Ntata, P. R. T. "Participation in disaster relief". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2002. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3081/.
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This thesis examines the issue of participation of affected populations in disaster relief, which is receiving increasing attention from researchers, planners and practitioners. This concern comes out of the widely documented experience in development studies that beneficiary participation is essential for programmes to succeed. Similar arguments are being applied to disaster relief. However, despite much rhetoric, examples of genuine grassroots participation both in relief and development continue to be rare. I review the concept of participation in Chapter One and, in Chapter Two, the many possible reasons as to why participation of beneficiaries continues to be a problematic issue. In Chapter Three, I review the concept of humanitarianism and the implications of changes in humanitarian assistance on participation. In Chapters Four, Five and Six, I present three case studies, different by geographical, socio-political context and type of disaster. All the three studies contain material collected through fieldwork involving a qualitative methodology. I have indicated, in each study, the range of data collection tools used. In Chapter Seven, I compare and evaluate the findings of the three case studies. I present overall conclusions of the thesis in Chapter Eight. The main conclusions of the thesis are that beneficiary participation continues to be a problematic issue because groups that have power derived from ownership of economic resources or politics seem unwilling to share that power with the people they seek to assist. Their unwillingness to do so has, in turn, many causes including, lack of trust by aid organisations of local power structures and organisations, poor bureaucratic orientation, a self-given superiority of moral virtue and technical expertise, and sometimes limitations imposed by operational, structural and accounting procedures. I argue that some of these limitations could be addressed through financially supporting and enhancing the capabilities of member-based grassroots structures. I also argue that more effort needs to be devoted to research on how willingness to adhere to the ideals of humanitarian assistance can be generated on the part of aid agencies and donors.
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Au, Ellena. "Employee involvement and participation". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/employee-involvement-and-participation(b7f28a22-4a9f-414d-ac12-f2dfd845c051).html.
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The focus of this research is on advancing understanding of EIP at work in China. It sets out to examine the extent of practice adoption, and inquire the management intention, employee perception and the challenges from the internal and external environment in relation to the practice adoption. It also tries to understand the applicability of EIP practice in innovation and quality enhancement industries. The research methodology adopted is qualitative case study approach, with 20 respondent organisations including Chinese global enterprises, central state-owned enterprises, listed and small medium enterprises.
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Wang, Zhuoyo. "Lay participation in China". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1761/.
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In response to the fact that academic projects on lay participation in China written in English have been very scarce, and also the views of the three schools of Chinese scholars, this thesis will conduct a thorough review of lay participation in China. Chapter 1 of this thesis firstly outlines the worldwide situation regarding lay participation. Chapter 2 sets out the historical background to the growth of lay participation in China, by recounting the various forms of and experiments with lay participation during China’s history. Chapters 3 and 4 study the status quo of the sole form of lay participation in China today, that is, the mixed tribunal system. Chapter 5 looks into the contribution that lay participation could potentially make to Chinese society. Chapter 6 offers some proposals with regard to the prospective direction for developing lay participation in China, from a realistic perspective. The thesis finds that lay participation has been neither declining worldwide, nor has been absent during China’s history. It also finds that although the mixed tribunal system in China today faces an array of problems, lay participation may potentially contribute to Chinese society in terms of a better justice system and improved democracy. After clarifying the prospects for continuing lay participation in China and proposing possible reformative measures, my thesis concludes that the system, with careful reconstruction, deserves a position in China’s future legal system; and that the leftist proposal, to abolish lay participation in China, should be rejected.
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Vissing-Jorgensen, Annette 1971. "Limited stock market participation". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10119.
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Zhang, Nan. "Evaluation of e-participation". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627915.
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The advent of web technology provides opportunities to facilitate, broaden, and deepen public participation in the democratic process. In some ways, e-participation brings democracy the same sorts of enabling technology that information systems and decision support have brought organisations. However, an e-participation system differs from an information system within a single organisation in many ways. Therefore, it is natural to ask whether e-participation can provide a valid way for communication and decision support in the risk/crisis management situations in public domains. This research seeks to understand e-participation systems by reviewing relevant theories in the literature and e-participation tools that in practice help the researchers and practitioners to clarify goals, identify stakeholders, structure participatory processes and provide mechanisms to involve stakeholders. We have also integrated a broad range of inter-correlated constructs to evaluate e-participation. The proposed framework seeks to evaluate e-participation by exploring the characteristics of system, users and the task and how the interaction among them has effects on user satisfaction via the user's internal beliefs, i.e. perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived enjoyment, and then assess the outcome of the impacts. This model demonstrates a general guideline for understanding, developing and evaluating e-participation systems. Moreover, the development processes of two e-participation systems have been reported in this research. One is on the development of an interactive food chain tool, which provides a web-based visual interface for risk communication in the problem formulation stage of a decision making process. The other is about two small scale experiments using GroupSystems' ThinkTank to support deliberation between distributed participants, seeking to explore whether wGDSS has a place in risk/crisis management in public sectors. The conceptual framework presented to evaluate e-participation has been examined under the context of these two e-participation systems. The findings suggest that the proposed framework and associated measurement instruments provide an effective way to understand and evaluate these e-participation systems.
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Susha, Iryna. "Participation in open government". Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-42254.
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Groeger, Joachim. "Participation in dynamic auctions". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2010. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3022/.
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We study participation decisions and bidding behaviour in Michigan Department of Transportation procurement auctions. Patterns in the bidding data suggest that bidders' participation behaviour has a forward looking component. To fully understand the extent of these effects on auction outcomes, we construct and estimate a dynamic asymmetric auction model with endogenous participation. We develop an estimation approach which builds on Guerre et al. (2000) and recently developed dynamic discrete game estimators. We then quantify the level of inefficiencies under the current auction rules and then consider how alternative auction rules affect efficiency. We also analyse the effect of ignoring dynamics in this market by estimating a static version of our model. This approach results in misleading conclusions concerning auction efficiency.
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McGaughey, Ewan. "Participation in corporate governance". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3079/.
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Over the last thirty years there has been a remarkable functional convergence in the way companies are run. Behind directors, asset managers and banks usually participate the most in setting the ultimate direction of corporations, as they have assumed the role of stewardship over shareholder voting rights. At the same time, an increasing number of people’s livelihoods and old age now depend on the stock market, but these ultimate contributors to equity have barely any voice. Why has there been such a separation of contribution and participation? Two positive theses explain this convergence in corporate governance, one political, one economic. The first positive thesis is that laws which guarantee participation rights in investment chains (either for shareholders against directors, or for the ultimate contributors against institutional shareholders) were driven by a progressive democratic movement, but very incompletely compared to its social ideals. The second positive thesis is that when there have been no specific rights in law, the relative bargaining power of different groups determined the patterns of participation, whether the outcomes were reasonable or entirely arbitrary. In practice, the separation has grown between those who contribute to equity capital and those who participate in governance. These theses are preferable to existing narratives in political literature, and law and economics, which entail predictions of different forms of rational interest-driven institutional evolution. On the contrary, participation in corporate governance is largely unprincipled. The evidence is found in the historical development of participation rights in the UK, Germany and the US. Does the separation of contribution and participation matter? One normative thesis is derived from the historical evidence. It proposes that the separation of contribution and participation is a pressing concern, precisely because participation in corporate governance, as it stands, manifests no coherent principles. Asset managers and banks have gathered shareholder voting rights through no better reason than their peculiar market position as investment intermediaries. They have significant conflicts of interest when they exercise voting rights with other people’s money. They are able to use votes like any other selfperpetuating interest group would, because they are not effectively accountable to their natural beneficiaries: the ultimate investors. To ensure that the successes of modern corporate law are not unravelled, corporate governance should protect the principle of a symmetry between contribution and participation. This will mean that in the future, corporate governance becomes more economically efficient, sustainable, and just.
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Holloway, Lewis Weber. "Creative Participation: Rethinking Reclamation". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42730.
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This project investigates the development of Western Manâ s relationship with nature by comparing and contrasting it with the relationship that Native Cultures, particularly Native American Cultures have with nature. This reveals Western Manâ s reliance on the concept of objectivity and the resultant objectification of the natural world. In so doing Western Man has put himself apart from the rest of the world, somehow above it. Although I do not argue that this is wholly unjust, I do argue that it has resulted in a loss of an essential component of the human experience. Creative Participation is identified as a way to bring together some of the lessons of the Native communities with the existing knowledge of Western Society. This knowledge is then applied to the practical problem of Mine Land Reclamation in Southern West Virginia. Creative Participation, at its heart, is a way to reconnect man with the reality of his connection to the rest of the world, rather than his separation and control of it.Master of Landscape Architecture
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Starosilec, Susan. "Women's motivations for participating in management certificate programs and the benefits derived from participation". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0007/MQ41781.pdf.
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Sachleben, Mark. "International Human Rights Treaties: Understanding Patterns of Participation and Non-Participation, 1948-2000". Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1070910200.
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Paktin, Musakhan. "Female Participation in Paktia Teacher training college of Afghanistan : Obstacles for female participation". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-32343.
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The Government of Afghanistan is struggling to provide education facilities all over the country for both boys and girls. Many problems exist in girls’ access to education and girls generally participate less than boys. Gender disparity exists in rural as well as in urban areas of Afghanistan. The girls are expected to stay at home instead of taking part in education. The issue of girls’ non participation in education may have different reasons for example social, cultural, religious, and traditional origins. This study explores the views of female participants, their parents and the teachers about girls’ participation in Paktia TTC. 16 teachers, 38 students and 25 parents were interviewed through separate questionnaires about the obstacles for female participation in Paktia TTC as well as about the influence of GSP (Girls scholarship program) on female participation. This study is conducted in central TTC of Paktia province. In the result of this study it is found that among all the obstacles for girls’ security is a basic problem for girls to continue with their education. As well the study found that more than half of the teachers and girls interviewed mentioned distance between residence and TTC is also a big problem for girls to participate in TTC. Another finding of this study is that among all the personal involved in the study most parents which is about more than half of the parents told that the social pressure for girls is the basic problem as well as the traditions of the society have also affected the girls’ participation in Paktia TTC. More than half of the parents were also agreed that parents’ illiteracy is a big problem in girls’ participation because illiterate parents do not want their daughters to get education. As the purpose of this study is also to know about the influence of GSP (Girls’ scholarship program) on female participation. This grant motivate female participants to attend TTC but the study found that more than half of the teachers told that if there was no GSP the girls will continue but 25 parents most parents were agreed that the GSP grant is a contribution to their families. As well as 25% teachers told that the GSP grant has encouraged girls to attend TTC in Paktia province.
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Navarrete, Heredia Jesus Manuel. "Participation as negotiation : the implementation of government led participation housing strategies in Mexico". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271355.
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Brownson, Christopher Granger. "Working fathers' participation in parenting : an exploration of dominant discourses and paternal participation /". Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3025001.
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Morris, Whitney. "Influence of Teacher Participation on Student Fitness and Student Participation in Physical Education". ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2855.
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Physical activity plays a key role in the health of children. Childhood obesity is increasing in the United States, and children are spending less time being physically active. Active participation by a physical education (PE) teacher in physical activities has been suggested as a means of promoting student fitness. The purpose of this quasi-experimental quantitative study was to determine whether modeling of physical activity by a PE teacher would increase student participation and physical fitness. Bandura's social learning theory provided the theoretical framework for the study. Participants included 311 4th and 5th grade elementary students enrolled in physical education classes. One group of students experienced PE teacher modeling in physical education class activities and the other group experienced no PE teacher modeling. Participation grades in physical education were used for participation scores, while the FITNESSGRAM was used to measure student physical fitness. Independent samples t tests were used to compare students' fitness and participation levels between the two groups. Results indicated no significant differences in fitness or participation between the groups based on teacher modeling. This study promoted positive social change by providing initial research findings to the local site on encouraging physical activity through teacher participation, which may be used to further examine student participation in physical activity.
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Moreira, Fatima de Souza. "Políticas públicas de lazer em Belém: um estudo sobre a gestão coletiva implementada pelo poder público municipal no período de 2001 a 2004". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2008. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10201.
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Este estudo de caso resulta de inquietações sobre as concepções de lazer apresentadas nas políticas públicas desenvolvidas no país e seus modelos de gestão. Apresentou o objetivo de analisar, a partir das ações de lazer da Secretaria Municipal de Educação - SEMEC / Coordenadoria de Esporte e Lazer- CEAL de Belém (PA), os métodos e estratégias de gestão pública implementadas no centro comunitário COMBAT, questionando a promoção da participação popular na construção de políticas na cidade. A investigação norteou-se pela seguinte questão: As ações de lazer, do poder público municipal no Centro comunitário COMBAT de 2001 a 2004 promoveram uma gestão participativa com a comunidade? Nossa opção teórico-metodológica foi pela utilização das matrizes teóricas marxistas, representadas principalmente por Gramsci. Ouvimos Sujeitos da comunidade e da equipe gestora que vivenciaram as ações dos projetos “Felizcidade” e “Lazer: Porque Esta Rua é Minha” (bairro da Castanheira, centro comunitário COMBAT). Os resultados revelaram que a participação na gestão, efetivou-se em algumas etapas e com graus de decisão em nível da consulta e deliberação, não chegando ao nível da formulação das políticas de lazer. Estes aspectos indicam que a metodologia utilizada para a articulação entre os dois projetos “Felizcidade” e “Lazer: Porque Esta Rua é Minha”, oportunizou possibilidades do exercício de construção coletiva tanto para equipe gestora como para a comunidade (ação-reflexão–ação).
Salvador
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Morales, Diez de Ulzurrun Laura. "Institutions, mobilisation, and political participation political membership in western countries /". Madrid : Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ciencias Sociales, Instituto Juan March de Estudios e Investigaciones, 2004. http://books.google.com/books?id=NNOGAAAAMAAJ.
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MacLeod, Iain M. "Youth participation and the Scottish Parliament : accessibility and participation for children and young people". Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/508.
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The Scottish Parliament which (re)convened in 1999 was designed to engender a new style of political practice. This ‘new politics’ was intended to address perceived failures within the ‘Westminster approach’ to policy‐making and the ‘democratic deficit’ believed to have emerged during the 1980s in Scotland. Key to achieving this were four principles around which the Parliament’s operations were designed: power‐sharing; accountability; accessibility and participation; and equal opportunities. Citing accessibility and participation as the ‘cornerstone’ of their work, the Parliament’s institutional architects (the Consultative Steering Group) argued that devolution should deliver a participatory democracy, with proactive efforts to be made by the Parliament to involve groups traditionally excluded from the policy process. Due to the increasing prominence in recent years of discourse relating to young people’s disillusionment with organised politics and the CSG’s recommendation that every effort should be made to include them in the new Parliament’s work, this research examines the degree to which greater accessibility to and participation in the Parliament’s work has been delivered for children and young people during the Parliament’s first two terms (1999‐2007). Findings are based upon a mixed‐methodological case‐study approach, involving an audit of the Parliament's activity and qualitative input from MSPs, Parliament staff, representatives of youth charities / organisations / advocacy groups, and young people themselves. The thesis argues that progress has been more pronounced in relation to accessibility than participation for younger people. The neoinstitutionalist theoretical framework suggests that insufficient rule specification in relation to the value of public participation and younger people has resulted in the emergence of hybridised logics of appropriate behaviour, particularly among parliamentarians. The result is the persistence of attitudes and practices which appear to reinforce aspects of Westminster practice and an adultist approach to young people’s role in politics. Drawing upon recent developments in neoinstitutionalist theories of reliable reproduction, institutional breakdown and gradual change, the thesis examines the institutional logic behind the failure to consolidate the Parliament’s founding vision.
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Brasier, Rebecca. "Developing participation with knowledge : a case study of parent participation in curriculum decision-making". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1994. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36497/1/36497_Brazier_1994.pdf.
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The Queensland Education Department is presently committed to
fostering genuine partnerships between schools, and the parents and
communities they serve. Part of this commitment has involved
inviting parents to participate in collaborative decision-making
regarding curriculum issues at the school level. This thesis is a case
study of a School Community Consultative Committee engaging in
collaborative decision-making about a school Human Relationships
Education program. The committee, involving parents and teachers,
was guided by the departmental document entitled Policy and
Guidelines Statement for Human Relationships Education in
Queensland Schools [Qld Education Dept 1988].
Using qualitative research methods, this study investigates the
participation and collaboration occurring on this committee, through
the recollections of serving members. The analysis of the interview
transcripts, aided by use of the NUD.IST. computer software program,
revealed that evidence of parent participation on such a committee
need not indicate that a truly collaborative decision-making process is
occurring.
Many issues were identified as able to 1mpmge upon the scope
and depth of collaboration. In this case, teachers and parents having
differing levels of knowledge, applicable to the committees' work, was
a salient issue. This knowledge was identified as pertaining to the
organisational culture of schools. The knowledge differential,
combined with the pressures of time, resulted in the scope of the
parents' participative role being limited, and therefore the
collaboration occurring also being limited. This study suggests that successful collaboration needs to include
an expectation for participation that correlates, to a degree, with the
parents' knowledge of the organisational culture of schools, and the
teachers' knowledge of implementing participative and collaborative
mechanisms. It is recommended that each of these elements be
developed, so that expectations for high levels of participation coincide
with high levels of knowledge in the other two areas. This constitutes
an attempt to avoid frustration and dissatisfaction disrupting present
and future efforts at collaborative decision-making in schools.
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Sa, Vilas Boas Marie-Hélène. "Du quartier à l'Etat : sociologie des publics des dispositifs participatifs brésiliens : le cas des conférences municipales des femmes de Recife et de Londrina". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1030.
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Pourquoi certains dispositifs participatifs brésiliens réunissent-ils principalement des acteurs habituellement peu participants ? Cette thèse s'attache à analyser une participation « improbable » à partir de l'étude des conférences municipales des femmes de Recife et de Londrina. A la différence des analyses « institutionnelles » qui placent le design des dispositifs en facteur explicatif des pratiques de participation, notre approche vise à mettre en évidence leur ancrage social et l'intrication entre le jeu social et le « jeu participatif ». L'hypothèse développée est que la mobilisation des déshéritées dans les conférences des femmes dépend principalement des enjeux propres à l'espace des quartiers populaires et, plus précisément, des luttes pour la représentation en leur sein. Cette thèse repose sur la combinaison de plusieurs niveaux d'analyse : une approche micro-sociologique d'abord, centrée sur les trajectoires et les pratiques de participation des habitantes et une approche méso-sociologique ensuite, visant à rendre compte de l'émergence de la démocratie participative au Brésil. Ces deux niveaux permettent de montrer que la participation des plus démunis aux dispositifs participatifs est le résultat d'une histoire singulière, au cours de laquelle la notion de participation a été associée à un territoire, les quartiers populaires, et des dynamiques individuelles et collectives de construction de leurs porte-parole légitimesWhy do several Brazilian participatory institutions gather people who usually do not participate? This thesis attempts to analyse an “improbable” participation through the case of women's municipal conferences in Recife and Londrina. Although several studies highlight the role of participatory institutions designs to explain why people participate, I argue that it is the intricacy between social and participatory games which explains this mobilization. My main hypothesis is that poor women's participation depends on issues specific to popular districts and more precisely on the competition for representation in those territories.This doctoral research combines two levels of analysis: a microlevel approach, first, based on the study of women's trajectory and their practices of participation; a mesolevel approach, then, which aims at analyzing the emergence of participatory democracy in Brazil. These two levels of analysis show that poor women participation is the result of a singular history, during which the category participation has been linked to a territory, the popular districts, as well as individuals and collective dynamics of construction of legitimate spokespersons within them
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Matsubayashi, Tetsuya. "Racial environment and political participation". [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1600.
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Peterson, Deborah. "Parental participation in special education". Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2005. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2005/2005petersond.pdf.
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Miletic, Ursula. "Motives for adult sport participation". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0012/MQ52613.pdf.
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Armendariz, Fernando R. "Improving Participation During Choral Responding". Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1375%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Pitman, Sheryn Dee. "Community participation in environmental rehabilitation /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envp685.pdf.
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Reeves, Ahmad John. "Modelling participation in virtual environments". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414476.
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Heaton, Karen. "Protozoan participation in biofilm dynamics". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421619.
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Grasso, Maria T. "Political participation in Western Europe". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543680.
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