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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Parkland”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 19 lutego 2023

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1

Goans, Christian. "Universal Suicide Risk Screening in the Parkland Health and Hospital System: Evaluation of the Parkland Algorithm for Suicide Screening". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1538660/.

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Suicide is a significant public health issue in the US. Despite national and international prioritization since 1996, little definitive progress has been made in terms of identification and intervention in cases of elevated suicide risk. Forty percent of those who died by suicide attended an emergency department within a year of death. Therefore, universal suicide risk screening in emergency departments could prove a vital component to a national suicide prevention strategy. The present study empirically evaluated the universal suicide risk screening program recently implemented at Parkland Health and Hospital System. The sample consisted of patients over 18 years of age (N=333,855; Mage=42.7, 32% male) screened as part of routine clinical care from May 4th, 2015, through November 3rd, 2015. The Parkland Algorithm for Suicide Screening (PASS) is part of a clinical decision support system for responses to Columbia - Suicide Severity Rating Scale Clinical Practice Screener (C-SSRS) items, leading to an automated clinical response via three suicide risk stratification levels: no action for no risk identified, psychiatric social worker assessment for moderate risk identified, and psychiatrist/psychologist interview for high risk identified. The present study used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, which found the PASS predicted disposition (z=30.46, p<.001, AUC=.78, CI95=.77, .81). This study also evaluated the cutpoints separating suicide risk stratification and levels of clinical response. The results supported the first cutpoint and highlighted a need for additional data to address the second cutpoint. The results of the present study suggest that the universal suicide risk screening program at Parkland Health and Hospital System is an important step toward addressing suicide prevalence in the US.

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Seymour, Susanne. "Eighteenth-century parkland 'improvement' on the Dukeries' Estates of North Nottinghamshire". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327798.

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3

Maller, Lisa. "New York City's parkland--a case study for redressing environmental inequities". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12411.

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4

Ignatiuk, Jordan B. (Jordan Blake). "Breeding biology and habitat selection of American crows in Saskatchewan parkland habitat". Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60454.

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The breeding biology and nest-site selection of American crows (Corvus brachrhynchos) was studied in 2 areas of aspen parkland habitat in Saskatchewan in 1987 and 1988.
Overall, density of nests at St. Denis averaged twice that found at Elstow and clutches were initiated earlier at St. Denis than at Elstow. Clutch size and hatching success did not differ between years or areas, but in 1987, nests at St. Denis produced nearly twice as many young as at Elstow.
Crows nested in willow, aspen, and other trees. Nest trees were larger than randomly-selected trees in both years and areas. At St. Denis, the area near active crow nests had, on average, more permanent wetlands, a greater proportion of pasture and wetland, and less area of cultivation than areas adjacent to random sites. At St. Denis, successful nests were closer to permanent water and had more permanent wetlands nearby than depredated nests, but discriminant function analysis could not correctly distinguish successful nests in either area. Selection of nest characteristics to evade predators does not appear to provide predictable advantages to breeding crows.

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5

Warren, Jeffrey Michael. "Effects of cattle grazing on upland nesting duck production in the Aspen Parkland". Thesis, Montana State University, 2004. http://www.montana.edu/etd/available/warren%5F0805.html.

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Lunn, Simon. "CLASSIFYING DOMINANT PARKLAND SPECIES IN A WEST AFRICAN AGROFORESTRY LANDSCAPE USING PLEIADES SATELLITE IMAGERY". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166250.

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As we move towards a digital based society, technology continues to improve. It is important to take advantage of this to inform and facilitate our sustainable development goals in the most cost-effective and time efficient manner. By utilising the best available technologies, not only can time savings be achieved, but scope of works can be dramatically increased, particularly with ecological data collection. This study will focus on collecting ecological data (tree species) using developing modern technologies (satellites) with the aim of reaching classification accuracies comparable with ground truthed (real life) records. The study area is in central Burkina Faso approximately 30km south of the capital and is generally described as an agroforestry parklands area. The region suffers greatly from poverty and many people are heavily dependent on the agricultural sector and subsistence farming. As these agroforestry parklands are so critical to many people’s livelihoods, it is important to assess the natural resources available within them to provide the best food security management for the people. Tree species locations were overlayed on two satellite images acquired during different stages of the annual growing periods in the agroforestry parklands of the study area. From these images, segmentation of individual tree crowns was done manually and used as the reference data for an object-based classification model, which were assessed for the classification accuracies that can be achieved. Three satellite image scenarios were assessed for classification accuracy, including two single image scenarios and a multi-imagery dataset combining both images. Results indicate that combined images perform the best in terms of overall classification accuracies, closely followed by the end of the wet season growing period. The image acquisition from the end of the dry season was quite poor in comparison, having an overall classification accuracy more than 10% lower than the other scenarios. Of the focus species assessed in this study, Azadirachta Indica was the clear loser in terms of the number of correctly classified individuals from each model scenario. All other focus species were relatively well classified achieving close to or above 60% accuracies in the multi-imagery classification scenario.

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7

Judy, Beth A. "Assessment of Habitat Use by Eastern Coyote (Canis latrans) Along an Urban-Parkland Gradient". Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1273594208.

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8

Pisiak, Darcy. "An analysis of waterfowl habitat monitoring surveys in the aspen parkland of Saskatchewan and Manitoba". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62823.pdf.

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9

Sanou, Josias. "Optimizing the productivity of agroforestry parkland systems in West Africa using shade-tolerant annual crops". Thesis, Bangor University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520848.

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10

Wachter, Lisa Katharina. "J. K. Rowling’s tweets following and regarding the Parkland School Shooting – A Critical Discourse Analysis". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21505.

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The Parkland School Shooting in February 2018 caused a flood of empathy, grief, and anger on Twitter. Having gained popularity and a reputation for her political commentary on US American events on the social media platform, the British author J. K. Rowling published a variety of intriguing tweets following and regarding the Shooting. The pur-pose of this study is to characterise Rowling’s tweets, to relate them to the discursive Twitter practice, and to look for correspondences with the concept of celebrity advocacy. To do so, this thesis offers an adaption of critical discourse analysis in order to examine the structures, meanings, and stances behind Rowling’s tweets following and regarding the Shooting. To grasp the underlying ideologies and motives, theory of discourse, repre-sentation, celebrity advocacy, spectatorship of suffering, and othering is consulted. The study brings to light that Rowling’s tweets are characterized by dialogue, exploitation of voices, othering, and discursive constructions of distance and proximity. Moreover, the findings stress Rowling’s tweets in the light of self-presentation and performance of altru-ism. Ultimately, the study reveals that Rowling’s tweets exhibit a highly mediated form of celebrity advocacy empowered by the practical circumstances of Twitter as social media platform.

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11

Whitehead, Georgina, i rj-gw@bigpond net au. "From acclimatisation towards ecology: The influence of environmental thought in Melbourne's public parkland ca 1850-1920". RMIT University. Architecture and Design, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080218.093050.

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This study considers how environmental concerns helped shape Melbourne's public parkland in the period 1850-1920, when Melbourne's first parks were developed and during which ecology began to replace natural history as the determinant of environmental thought. Theories propounded by such figures as Alexander von Humboldt and George Perkins Marsh profoundly influenced land management around the world during this period, and by relating specific parkland developments to professional and popular ideas about the environment the study aims to place the parkland in an international context. Previous research has given little thought to the effect of environmental thought on Melbourne's parks, except for Ferdinand von Mueller's development of the Melbourne Botanic Garden where the influence is evident. Such influence has not been considered in Clement Hodgkinson's contemporaneous development of the city's other parks and gardens even though, like Mueller, Hodgkinson was closely involved with environmental issues of the day. The Field Naturalists Club of Victoria, of which Mueller was a member, has long been credited with influencing Wattle Park's development early in the 20th century, although there is little critical analysis of the extent to which it was able to bring popular concerns about the environment to bear on park design. The relationship between Mueller's environmental views and actions and his development of the Botanic Garden is discussed first. Connections are then made between Hodgkinson's early experiences as a surveyor, his later work as Victoria's foremost land manager, his association with Mueller, and his design of Melbourne's first parks and gardens. Finally, the FNCV's involvement in park development is examined while exploring the changing nature of environmental thought. Clearly, environmental thought did influence the development of some parkland, but only those reserves administered by Mueller and Hodgkinson and only while the two men remained in control. The success of the FNCV in influencing the future direction of any Melbourne park or garden is not so easily discernible, with little evidence that the Club played an important role in Wattle Park's development.

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12

Jones, Hughie. "Evapotranspiration, surface conductance and water-use efficiency of two young hybrid-poplar plantations in Canada's aspen parkland". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50050.

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Hybrid poplar (HP) plantations established on former agricultural land in the aspen parkland of Canada have the potential to provide fibre, bio-energy and ecosystem services. The low precipitation and large summertime vapor pressure deficits in the aspen parkland raise questions about HP plantation water use and its effects on regional water supplies. In 2010 and 2011, I began using the eddy-covariance (EC) technique to measure CO₂, water vapor and sensible heat fluxes above two young HP plantations planted in 2009 (HP09) and 2011 (HP11) on clay loam Chernozemic soil located near Edmonton, AB and Winnipeg, MB, respectively. Measurements showed that both HP09 and HP11 shifted from carbon (C) sources to C sinks in the 3rd year of growth. EC measured evapotranspiration (E) and climate data were used to calculate bulk surface conductance (Gs) using the inverted Penman-Monteith (PM) equation and were compared to Gs estimates derived from a biophysical model that permits the partitioning of E into canopy transpiration (Ec) and evaporation from the soil (Es). Es was estimated using the equilibrium evaporation rate modified to account for soil moisture effects on Es using a soil water content based multiplier (f), and Ec was estimated using a canopy conductance (Gc) sub-model and the PM equation. Modelled half-hourly values of Gs showed excellent diurnal and seasonal agreement with EC-calculated Gs. Measured and modelled E also had excellent agreement, and using the Gs model, I was able to show the relative contribution of Ec and Es to E as the plantation grew. For example, in the 5th year of growth at HP09, measured and modelled E was 400 and 428 mm, respectively, of which 138 and 290 mm occurred as Es and Ec, respectively. Values of water use efficiency calculated as gross primary productivity divided by E, increased every year of growth and were similar at both sites. Results show Es dominates E during the first 2 years of HP growth and as Ec becomes increasingly dominant in the following years, E can exceed P, suggesting HP planted on highly productive agricultural soils in Canada’s aspen parkland can become water limited.
Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate

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13

Lemke, Reynald L. "Quantification and simulation of nitrous oxide emissions from agroecosystems in the Boreal and Parkland regions of Alberta". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq21590.pdf.

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14

Malainey, Mary E. "The reconstruction and testing of subsistence and settlement strategies for the plains, parkland and southern boreal forest". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq23635.pdf.

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15

Wang, Dunling. "Storage of organic and inorganic carbon of biogenic origin in the soils of the parkland-prairie ecosystem". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq23889.pdf.

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Gill, Suzanne Irene. "Grazing effects on runoff and erosion in annual and perennial pastures in the parkland ecoregion of Alberta". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq21167.pdf.

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Pitchford, Christine Lori. "Season of seeding, mowing and seed mix richness for native plant community development in the Aspen Parkland". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0013/MQ60164.pdf.

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18

Gnankambary, Zacharia. "Compost and fertilizer mineralization effects on soil and harvest in parkland agroforestry systems in the south-Sudanese zone of Burkina Faso /". Umeå : Dept. of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/2007129.pdf.

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19

Vujnovic, K. "Small-scale plant species composition and diversity in relation to environmental and disturbance factors in fescue grasslands of the aspen parkland of Alberta". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ34430.pdf.

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20

Köchy, Martin, i Scott D. Wilson. "Variation in nitrogen deposition and available soil nitrogen in a forest–grassland ecotone in Canada". Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2005/576/.

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Regional variation in nitrogen (N) deposition increases plant productivity and decreases species diversity, but landscape- or local-scale influences on N deposition are less well-known. Using ion-exchange resin, we measured variation of N deposition and soil N availability within Elk Island National Park in the ecotone between grassland and boreal forest in western Canada. The park receives regionally high amounts of atmospheric N deposition (22 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹). N deposition was on average higher ton clayrich luvisols than on brunisols, and areas burned 1 – 15 years previously received more atmospheric N than unburned sites. We suggest that the effects of previous fires and soil type on deposition rate act through differences in canopy structure. The magnitude of these effects varied with the presence of ungulate grazers (bison, moose, elk) and vegetation type (forest, shrubland, grassland). Available soil N (ammonium and nitrate) was higher in burned than unburned sites in the absence of grazing, suggesting an effect of deposition. On grazed sites, differences between fire treatments were small, presumably because the removal of biomass by grazers reduced the effect of fire. Aspen invades native grassland in this region, and our results suggest that fire without grazing might reinforce the expansion of forest into grassland facilitated by N deposition.

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21

Göthberg, Rosalind. ""He wouldn't have hurt that many students with a knife" : The Gun Control Paradox, Political Opportunities, and Issue Framing: A case study of the Never Again movement in Parkland, Florida". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-354080.

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Chhin, Sophan, G. Geoff Wang i Jacques Tardif. "Dendroclimatic Analysis of White Spruce at its Southern Limit of Distribution in the Spruce Woods Provincial Park, Manitoba, Canada". Tree-Ring Society, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262614.

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We examined the radial growth - climate association of a disjunct population of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) at its southern limit of distribution. Forty-four white spruce tree islands were sampled over four mixed-grass prairie preserves in the Spruce Woods Provincial Park located in the forestprairie boundary of southwestern Manitoba. Reduced radial growth occurred during the 1910s, 1930s, early 1960s, and the late 1970s to the early 1980s and corresponded to periods of drought on the Canadian prairies, and the Great Plains of the United States. Correlation and response function coefficients indicated that conditions in the summer and fall of the previous year (t-1), and the summer of the current year (t) strongly influenced white spruce growth. Growth was positively correlated with August-September (t-1) and May-June-July (t) precipitation and moisture index (precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration). Radial growth was positively associated with June-July-August (t) river discharge. Growth was most correlated with maximum and mean temperature compared with minimum temperature. Precipitation and maximum temperature accounted for the greatest variation in radial growth (61%). The results suggest that white spruce growth is sensitive to climatic fluctuations because growth is restricted by moisture deficiency exacerbated by temperature-induced drought stress.

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Brett, Bob, Karel Klinka, H. Qian i Christine Chourmouzis. "Classification of high-elevation, non-forested plant communities in coastal British Columbia. Full report". Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/719.

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This report expands and clarifies previous classifications of non-forested plant communities from upper subalpine and alpine locations in coastal British Columbia. A total of 80 plots (releves) sampled specifically for this study were added to 202 releves from published and unpublished studies conducted since 1963. We used tabular and multivariate methods to synthesize and classify plant communities according to the Braun-Blanquet approach. Plant communities were classified into 37 vegetation units (associations or subassociations) which served as the basis of the resulting hierarchical classification. We describe the habitat and species composition of these vegetation units and their relationship to units recogized elsewhere in the Pacific Northwest. We then present eight generalized habitat types which we propose as the basic units for future ecosystem mapping. Each of these habitat types includes a predictable mosaic of vegetation units whose pattern occurs at too fine a scale to map individually.

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Weissler, Hannah. ""Tinkering" with Student Rights: School Walkouts and the Implications of Discipline Practice and Policy on Students' Right to Protest". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1280.

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In this study, I examine the extent to which students’ rights to free speech and expression were violated in response to the nationwide school walkouts that took place during the spring of 2018. Students hold the right to political speech and expression under the landmark Supreme Court Case, Tinker v. Des Moines (1969). However, the rights students maintain to participate in protest during school hours is somewhat unclear. Using a two-pronged case study analysis, I explore the question of student rights and potential violations in the face of protest through examining school disciplinary responses alongside disciplinary policy and disciplinary policy in the context of Tinker. Findings highlight a widespread gap in school and district-level policy specific to protest or other types of political expression and the need for such policy when protecting the rights students hold under Tinker.

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Klinka, Karel, Christine Chourmouzis, Bob Brett i H. Qian. "Classification of high-elevation, non-forested plant communities in coastal British Columbia". Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/710.

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Non-forested ecosystems dominate high elevation sites in coastal British Columbia, yet there has never been a comprehensive classification or mapping of all high-elevation community types. The objective of this study is to collate and expand upon previous classifications, and thereby to increase our understanding of the habitats and composition of these plant communities.

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Vrlová, Ela. "Areál VUT Kraví hora". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-391821.

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The topic of the diploma thesis BUT Area Kravi hora is a strategic study of the BUT area at Kravi hora from the previous semester to a scale of 1:200. The subject is the elaboration of the concept in order to bring together the interests of BUT and Brno city in this extraordinary territory for the benefit of both subjects. This work deals in detail with newly proposed objects in the BUT territory. A number of regulations have been issued in the territory limiting the subsequent use of the area, but the current area does not suit the existing potential of the site. The main concept was a creation of a set of buildings that will serve the University for representation and public activities, while allowing the access and use of the general public by the inhabitants of the city of Brno. The whole site will be set up in a newly-built city-wide park and other park areas that will create an attractive part of the now-inaccessible and unspoilt area connecting Veveri with Kravi hora. There will also be added additional features inspired by the existing features in the area, namely the Art Colony with ateliers, then Business Units and spacious Public Workshops. The entire Kravi hora area will be interwoven with a number of services serving both adults and children. The new proposal will also lead to the diversion of car traffic from the whole territory in order to ensure the safest relaxed movement of visitors. There will be numerous parking spaces located on the outskirts of the area. The main goal is to create a strong concept focusing on relaxation, health, education and sport, which should result in the overall opening and attractiveness of the territory.

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Bayala, Jules. "Tree crown pruning as a management tool to enhance the productivity of parklands in West Africa". Thesis, Bangor University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247299.

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Wallace, Bethany F. "Coyote Spatial and Temporal Use of Recreational Parklands as a Function of Human Activity within the Cuyahoga Valley, Ohio". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1374515496.

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Dassow, John Allen. "UPLAND-NESTING DUCKS IN THE PARKLANDS OF SASKATCHEWAN: THE EFFECT OF PREDATOR REDUCTION ON NEST SUCCESS AND REPRODUCTIVE INVESTMENT". OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/213.

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I examined the effect of predator reduction on nest success and reproductive investment of upland-nesting ducks in the parklands of Saskatchewan during 2007-09. I used nest defense behaviors as a measure of a hen's reproductive investment and looked at a possible mechanism for adaptively modified reproductive investment. I hypothesized that ducks use ultra-violet (UV) light reflecting off predator urine to evaluate predator densities, and then select nests sites and modify reproductive investment accordingly. Professional trappers removed an average of 191 predators off each treatment block. In 2007 nest success on treatment blocks averaged 33.6% (SE = 4.5) and control blocks averaged 5.6% (SE = 0.2). With the apparent higher likelihood of success on treatment blocks in 2007, hens increased their nest defense, but I found no significant difference in the number of nests on sites with low and high simulated predator densities. In 2008 and 2009 we transposed the treatments and as a result, nest success on treatment blocks averaged only 3.0% (SE = 0.7), while nest success on control blocks averaged 3.6% (SE = 2.3), indicating no effect of predator reduction on the threat of predation. Similarly, as would be expected, I found nest defense behaviors did not differ between treatment and control blocks in 2008 and 2009. However in 2008, significantly more ducks nested in plots where simulated predator densities were lower, providing support for my hypothesis that hens utilize UV cues to determine predator densities. My results also support previously hypothesized relationships between nest defense and incubation stage, visit number, and life history traits. Although results of my study indicate predator reduction does not always increase nest success in the parklands, hens do appear to increase reproductive investment when likelihood of reproductive success is higher, potentially positively influencing waterfowl populations.

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Sidibe, Daouda Kalifa. "Improving the management and productivity of Tamarindus indica and Ziziphus mauritiana in agroforestry parklands systems in Mali, West Africa". Thesis, Bangor University, 2010. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/improving-the-management-and-productivity-of-tamarindus-indica-and-ziziphus-mauritiana-in-agroforestry-parklands-systems-in-mali-west-africa(1f984deb-8608-457b-b98f-5ed8d0f30657).html.

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Three experiments were conducted on Tamarindus indica (Tamarind) and Ziziphus mauritiana (Ber) in parkland systems in Mali between 2006 and 2009: 1) the effect of Tamarind on yield and nutritional quality of African eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum L) in comparison with sorghum (Sorghum bicolour (L. ) Moench) was performed in Siramana village; 2) methods of domesticating an improved cultivar of Ber on farms through intercropping with African eggplant and sorghum were performed in Sanankoroba and 3) methods of enhancing the growth of Tamarind and Ber seedlings through mycorrhizal inoculation were performed in the nursery of Sotuba research Centre. All the three sites are situated in South Sudanian zone with annual rainfall ranging from 900 to 1200 mm. The soils in Siramana and Sanankoroba have sandy clay loan and sandy loan texture respectively. For the third experiment, nursery soil was used which consisted of local soil (1/3), sand (1/3) and compost (1/3). Concerning the first experiment, six adult trees of Tamarind were randomly selected in the collaborating farmers' fields. The area around each sample tree was subdivided into three concentric zones: Zone A; Zone B and Zone C. A control plot (Zone D) was installed in an open area. Crop production (eggplant and sorghum) in these zones was assessed over two cropping seasons. Regarding the second experiment, an experimental plantation was established with seedlings of the local variety of Ber half of which were grafted in-situ with an improved cultivar of Ber called SEB. Crop production as well as the performance of Ber was assessedin each experimental plot over two cropping seasons. Concerning the experiment on mycorrhizas, three inocula were used: Glomus aggregatum, Glomus fascia and unselected nursery soil inoculum as a control. The results of the study on the intercropping trial of Tamarind showed that Tamarind may have a positive effect on yield of eggplant but a negative effect on yield of sorghum. Tamarind had, however, no effect on nutritional composition of both crops. The results of farmer's feedback survey showed that growing eggplants under Tamarind has a great potential for adoption by farmers in Mali because majority of respondents mentioned that the tree-crop association tested was a good idea and should be promoted for making more productive use of land under trees, improving crop yields and increasing farmers' incomes. The results of the study on Ber domestication showed that SEB, the improved variety as well as the local variety of Ber had no detrimental effect on either eggplant or sorghum, both in terms of yield and nutritional quality, two years after establishment. In fact a beneficial effect of trees was found on the performance of both crops (yield, dry matter production) which suggest a complementarity of resource use. The high level of fruit production of the improved variety of Ber observed on farms under rain-fed conditions may be a source of additional income and diversification of diet for rural communities in Africa. Therefore, the adoption by farmers of the agroforestry practice of domesticating improved Ber varieties in association with food crops may help considerably in alleviating poverty in the region. The results of the mycorrhizal studies showed that VAM species differed in their ability to enhance plant growth. The growth of Ber was significantly improved by G. aggregatum inoculum while the growth of Tamarind was enhanced with nursery soil inoculum. The results on Tamarind suggest the need for isolating the local soil mycorrhizal fungi in future screening experiments.

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Poudyal, Mahesh. "Tree tenure in agroforestry parklands : implications for the management, utilisation and ecology of shea and locust bean trees in northern Ghana". Thesis, University of York, 2009. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/861/.

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The management and utilisation of resources in agroforestry systems are influenced by both land and tree tenure systems, especially where land and tree tenure are distinct, and rights to one do not necessarily lead to rights over the other. Most academic research has examined the impact of land tenure on management and productivity in these landscapes. This thesis investigates the impact of tree tenure alongside other socioeconomic factors through the research question: 'how do local institutional arrangements affect the management, utilisation and ecology of indigenous economic trees in agroforestry parklands?' Shea and locust bean trees, two of the most economically, culturally and ecologically important indigenous agroforestry species in Northern Ghana, are chosen for the case study. This multidisciplinary study utilises several methodologies of data collection and analysis to assess individual and household behaviour in the management of shea and locust bean trees, and the impact on the ecology of these species. The analysis of incentives (and constraints) stemming from differing tenure arrangements reveals differing attitudes among the households to the preservation and planting of these trees on their farmlands. Women, who are primary gatherers of non-timber products from these trees and hence the main beneficiaries, have differing access to these trees, depending both upon the status of their household within the community and the tenure rules in place. Econometric modelling of shea and locust bean tree densities reveals the socioeconomic and institutional determinants of these tree densities on the farmland, highlighting the importance of economic and institutional incentives and constraints in shaping the management practices, and subsequently the ecology of these indigenous economic species. The findings demonstrate that the vagaries of the resource-use dynamics should be taken into consideration by any policy targeted towards promoting sustainable management and utilisation of these valuable parkland species.

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Sylvestre, Justin. "Parkland in Support of Biodiversity". 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/13157.

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The Great Lakes of North America hold about one fifth of global surface fresh water excluding glaciers. These watersheds have experienced environmental stress due to dumping of sewage and industrial waste, as well as pesticide runoff from agricultural lands. As an opportunity to learn about water processes and raise awareness about waste, this thesis proposes an ecological solution for passive wastewater treatment. A master plan informs a site strategy in the community of Stoney Point, Ontario for the design of a passive wastewater education centre. The living machine uses design parameters of function, education, and recreation. This thesis is a proposed solution for combining infrastructural public works building and a treatment wetscape for new public parkland. What is the architectural building form in the study of natural wastewater treatment, and how do these studies inform the conversion of open septic cells into a remediated water park?

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Basso, Anne Carol. "A strategy for landscape planning in the County of Parkland, Alberta". 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/21752.

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Slinko, Andrew James. "IMAGINING THE ANTI-CITY: RE-CLAIMING URBANIZED PARKLAND IN EDMONTON, ALBERTA'S RIVER VALLEY". 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/13315.

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This thesis, located in Edmonton, Alberta, aims to magnify the differences between urban development and nature. It proposes a vision of future Edmonton in which the River Valley Park system is restored as an intensive greenway through the heart of the city, acting as a necessary counterpoint to urbanization. Contrasting elements such as natural vs artificial, celestial vs the clock, recreation and relaxation vs work and stress are the basis for treating the river valley an anti-city rather than as an extension of it. This does not mean that the park system is isolated from the city, but that development in the River Valley is concerned in opposition to the city. Architectural interventions in the River Valley take advantage of landscape and environmental processes to enhance the experience of being in this natural “wilderness”.

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LaRade, Shawna Elizabeth. "Long-term agronomic and environmental impact of aspen control strategies in the Aspen Parkland". Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/1325.

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Since European settlement the Aspen Parkland has been subject to agricultural intensification. This research assessed the agronomic, ecologic and economic impact of native Parkland conversion into tame pasture, by building on a study initiated in 1980 investigating the short-term agronomic responses within three landscape-level treatments: an intensive Clear & Break (C&B), a Spray & Burn (S&B) and a burnt Native Check (NC). Historical information was supplemented with recently collected data (2005-2006). Production remained high within the NC relative to the others after 25 years, in part due to contributions from browse in areas with increasing woody species. Plant species composition also demonstrated considerable convergence (i.e. overlap) between native and tame grasslands, and although not different in soil organic matter, microfaunal activity differed marginally. Net present value (NPV) economic analysis indicated the NC and S&B provided greater aggregate returns over the study period, and has implications for aspen management in the future.
Rangeland and Wildlife Resources

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Lastra, Rod. "Determining the ecological mechanisms of forest encroachment within the aspen parkland of western Canada". 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4828.

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The encroachment of woody species into grassland and savanna ecosystems has been well document since the early 1800s. Within the parkland ecoregion of western Canada, trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) has been one of the key tree species increasing in dominance. Aspen encroachment is best explained not by single mechanism, but rather by a number of interacting ecological factors. In this study I examined the ecological consequences of the clonal biology in aspen as a means to explain persistence and observed tree-grass ratios within grassland savannas of western Canada. Results suggest that aspen stands cycle between a “stable” phase characterized by a dense mature canopy, and an “unstable” phase characterized by canopy breakup and increased regeneration from root suckers. It is during this unstable phase that clonal encroachment is likely to occur. Within these mature stands, different-aged ramets promote persistence by maximizing developmental variation. Such a mechanism overcomes the functional phenotypic uniformity of ramets within a single age-structured stand. Results from my study indicate that physiological integration is beneficial to the growth and survivorship of regenerating and encroaching aspen ramets. My results also suggest that the benefits of physiological integration are greatest in more stressful environments, and in recently established post-fire ramets. Finally, the consequences of variation in adaptive ecological relevant traits among individuals was examined by determining differences in vigor among aspen clones in relation to the production of secondary compounds (phenolic glycosides). My results demonstrate a high degree of variation in leaf phenolic glycosides production among clones. A significant amount of this variation was accounted for by differences in clone vigor (within population: individual susceptibility hypothesis), with a smaller amount related to environmental differences (among populations). In all instances, vigorous clones were significantly higher in levels of phenolic glycosides compared with dieback clones, suggesting that some individuals may be predisposed to undergo density-independent mortality. This has important ecological implications, because it implies that one of the key mechanisms regulating population dynamics, community interactions and biodiversity may be related to intrinsic adaptive differences in susceptibility among individuals.

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O'Rourke, Christine Harris T. Robert Dallo Florence J. Southern Paul M. "A retrospective analysis of patients referred for tuberculosis testing at Parkland Hospital, Dallas, TX". 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1467442.

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Freiwald, Ann Margaret. "The effectiveness of parkland dedication ordinances an evaluation of ordinance outcomes in Dane County, Wisconsin /". 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/35977712.html.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1996.
Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 56-58).

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"Mapping elk distribution on the Canadian prairies: Applying local knowledge to support conservation". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2014-06-1554.

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Once abundant across the Great Plains of North America, prairie-parkland elk (Cervus canadensis manitobensis) underwent a catastrophic population collapse and dramatic contraction of their overall range through the late 1800’s and the early 1900’s due to habitat loss (primarily from agricultural expansion) and unregulated hunting. Populations were able to recover in some areas following new hunting regulations and the establishment of protected areas. Prior to this study, the current distribution of prairie parkland elk was poorly understood, though it was established that they were largely relegated to large protected areas and made use of adjacent agriculture dominated landscapes. In order to effectively manage prairie-parkland elk so populations remain resilient to ongoing habitat loss, population reduction and disease risks, detailed mapping of their range and an understanding of the environmental factors most important to elk is essential. The purpose of my thesis is to characterize elk distribution and resource selection patterns in the prairie-parkland of Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada, at a landscape scale and assess the implications of distribution for species persistence, by using both local ecological knowledge (LEK) and biological research techniques in tandem. Integrating LEK with more conventional biological research can provide complementary data at contrasting time and spatial scales and facilitates comparison of multiple independent datasets. Furthermore, LEK research creates important opportunities to engage stakeholders in contributing knowledge and may facilitate relationships and contribute toward more effective resource management. I used three sets of biotelemetry-collar data from across Saskatchewan and Manitoba (n = 328 collared elk; 1998–2012), in conjunction with LEK from hunters, biologists and enforcement officers (n = 71 participants) to create a series of resource selection functions (RSFs) characterizing elk distribution across Saskatchewan and Manitoba. I gathered LEK in workshops where participatory mapping was conducted with local experts across the study area. The RSF analysis determined that prairie-parkland elk selected locations close to protected areas and far from high road density. Elk also selected areas with moderate amounts of mixed-wood and deciduous forests and herbaceous vegetation. Models developed with LEK only, biotelemetry collar data only and a combined dataset were all validated against an independent dataset of elk crop damage locations. All models predicted elk presence well. The RSF scores of the LEK only and radio-collar only models were not significantly different. Successful conservation management requires identifying which areas are most important to a species, and assessing if these areas are vulnerable to threats, as well as balancing human resource needs. Using the RSF-based maps of prairie-parkland elk distribution, I identified locations of high quality habitat (top 10% of RSF values) and determined which of those areas were vulnerable to agricultural expansion, forestry, disease, and hunting. I identified 81 high quality habitat areas with a combined total area of 30 753 km2. One or more vulnerability factor impacted 87% of the identified core area. High quality areas were clearly clustered around the boreal-prairie transition zone and large protected areas. The majority (88%) of high quality core areas were located within protected areas. A connectivity analysis using least cost path analysis determined that core habitat areas endemic with chronic wasting disease (CWD) in wild elk are highly connected to other high quality habitat areas. CWD thus has the potential to reduce cervid populations within the study area. My thesis results highlight that prairie-parkland elk populations in Saskatchewan and Manitoba remain threatened by habitat loss and disease, and emphasize the need for habitat conservation to prevent further population reduction. While elk populations have regained a small fraction of the range lost at the turn of the last century, they have not been able to re-establish with much success in the prairie portion of their range. I also determined that LEK can be as effective as conventional biological research approaches to develop RSFs. I also confirmed that stakeholders within the study are knowledgeable about elk behaviour. The distribution maps and identified areas of priority concern created in this thesis can provide important insights to support the management and maintenance of abundant elk populations.

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Stanton-Kennedy, Tremayne. "Soil and vegetation change on a coal mine 15 years after reclamation in the aspen parkland of Alberta". Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/1890.

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To evaluate the outcomes of reclamation design, soil and plant community changes on an unmanaged, 15-year-old certified-reclaimed site were analysed and compared with an undisturbed reference location. Patterns were analysed using MRPP while change was measured with rmANOVA. Plant species were poor predictors of selected soil properties. Percent soil organic carbon increased (p = 0.032), while soil pH did not change. Overall plant community composition did not change in proportion of cover between a priori groups of seeded/unseeded species or between native/introduced species. Individual species did vary in amount of cover change between 1993 and 2007. A linear regression of richness versus area covered by native species determined that the Shannon index is not a suitable measurement for monitoring plant community change towards the reference ecosystem. These findings highlight the importance of initial design, and the potential additive role of landscape architects as part of reclamation planning.

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Officer, Rob. "Establishing a process for a wetland vegetation rehabilitation and management program focused on reed canarygrass: A Parkland Mews case study". 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/8884.

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Wetland value is threatened by invasive plant species such as Reed Canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea). Hence the research objectives of this project were to determine if reed canarygrass abundance has an effect on plant species diversity and assess the effectiveness of novel treatments on reed canarygrass control in a constructed wetland. Four treatments (mowing, herbicide, mowing plus herbicide, and a control) followed by broadcast seeding were applied to regulate growth of reed canarygrass. Principal components analysis, biodiversity measures, and ANOVA were used to identify community composition, quantify biodiversity values and identify treatment differences respectively. Results indicated differences in species composition between east and west blocks of the study site, reed canarygrass abundance appears to keep plant species diversity low, indigenous species were rare, and reed canarygrass was resistant to treatments.The results of this study are not surprising considering there is little evidence that treatments for reed canarygrass control are effective.

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Kuczynski, Eva C. "Habitat selection and food-web relations of Horned Grebes (Podiceps auritus) and other aquatic birds on constructed wetlands in the Peace Parkland, Alberta, Canada". Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/409.

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I investigated if constructed wetlands provide breeding habitat for the Horned Grebe (Podiceps auritus) in northwest Alberta. Over two years, I conducted bird surveys of 201 borrow-pits (ponds created during road construction) and 18 natural wetlands and collected data on local habitat and landscape features. For subsets of ponds, I also collected water chemistry and invertebrate data, and conducted stable isotope analysis. Grebes occurred on 36% of borrow-pits and produced chicks on 61% of occupied sites in 2007 and 81% in 2008. Grebes occurred more frequently on larger ponds, with more emergent vegetation, and avoided forested ponds that supported beaver activity. Horned Grebes are generalist foragers that did not select nesting ponds based on food-web structure. Twenty-six other bird species used borrow-pits, with distinct assemblages occurring on agricultural versus forested ponds. My study indicates that wetland construction offers a viable method for creating habitat for Horned Grebes and other species.
Ecology

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Kuczynski, Eva Christine. "Habitat selection and food-web relations of Horned Grebes (Podiceps auritus) and other aquatic birds on constructed wetlands in the Peace Parkland, Alberta, Canada". 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/399.

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Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Alberta, 2009.
Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on July 10, 2009). "A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta." Includes bibliographical references.

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Asuncion, Kendal Kawaihonaokeamahaoke. "The contradictions of smart growth: transit-oriented development, affordable housing and community vision - the case of the Lamar/Justin Lane TOD, Austin, Texas". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/27178.

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Smart Growth is a comprehensive approach to planning that aims to shape more compact and well-connected communities across the United States. Among its principles are leveraging existing infrastructure, developing around transit, providing a mix of housing types and price ranges, and increasing community participation in the planning process. However, research suggests the comprehensive approach at times obscures potential tensions between these principles, in particular when Smart Growth principles are applied to a specific property. This is the case in Austin, Texas’ Lamar/Justin Lane TOD, where the City of Austin is currently evaluating development scenarios for a publicly-owned 5.6 acre parcel located within the TOD area. How equity and access is addressed in Smart Growth comes to fore in conversations between the City and affluent, neighborhood residents. This report examines the history of Smart Growth, reviews its implementation in cities across the U.S., and considers how the City of Austin may learn from other cities.
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Schlesinger, Gerald. "The multiple and conflicting roles of local government in negotiating parkland acquisition : can the negotiations satisfy the criteria of ethics and the dimensions of interests?" Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12219.

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The practice of providing urban parks as an integral part of community development no longer creates public debate about the function or legal authority of local governments to make such purchases. However, the debate continues on the ethics of local government's parkland acquisition practices. These practices have the capability and motivation to influence the land value of sites they wish to acquire. Local governments are responsible for determining land use, which in turn affects land value. The limited financial means of local government to acquire parks makes influencing land value one way of stretching the scarce resources of the community. The ethics practiced in the negotiations to acquire urban parkland where the land has development potential are unique because: 1. Parkland is a public good and not a market commodity; 2. The potential for other higher land uses exists; and 3. Local government plays a dual role: one of a regulator and approving authority for determining land use and providing community stewardship, and the other as the corporate cost controlling agency seeking to acquire land. These qualities create the strong possibility for ethical conflict to occur in the negotiating process. Building upon the Interest-Based approach to negotiations, this paper uses a set of Prescriptive, Intuitive and Evaluative (P.I.E.) criteria that define ethical conduct, and the dimensions of Fact, Social Consensus and Experience that defines the dimensions of interests, to develop a General Model for Ethical Negotiations (GMEN). Conceptually, the GMEN model is a three-sided pyramid within a sphere of negotiations. Negotiations that adhere to the principles defining the parameters of the pyramid would be considered ethical. Negotiations outside the pyramid are considered unethical. Six parkland acquisition cases are discussed using the GMEN model. In this study, the parameters establishing the criteria for passing ethical judgment are the functions of the political economy, the policy statements of the local government, and the legislation that delegates power and authority to local government. The study finds that ethical conflict is inherent in parkland negotiations where the land has development potential because of the multiple roles and dual character of local government. This conflict is not necessarily illegal since prescriptive criteria are only one means of judging ethics. Nor is the outcome necessarily negative to the vendor, since the public may end up with a less attractive park agreement. However, the parameters that would require parkland acquisition negotiations to be ethical sometimes conflict with some of the multiple roles held by local government. Several recommendations are made that would help to reduce ethical conflict and the imbalance in parkland negotiations.

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Levesque, Lisa Marie. "Investigating landscape change and ecological restoration: an integrated approach using historical ecology and GIS in Waterton Lakes National Park, Alberta". Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/37.

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This thesis examines landscape change from 1889 to the present within the foothills-parkland ecoregion of Waterton Lakes National Park (WLNP) in southwestern Alberta, Canada. Land cover dynamics are explored qualitatively and quantitatively using Geographical Information Systems and a combination of historical and contemporary data sources including: (1) Dominion Land Survey (DLS) transect records (1889), (2) repeat oblique photographs (1914 and 2004) and repeat aerial photography (1939 and 1999). Results indicate a consistent increase in woody vegetation cover, particularly aspen forest cover, within the foothills-parkland since 1889, largely at the expense of native grasslands. The primary drivers of these changes likely include: climatic influences, changes to the historical grazing regime, the suppression of natural fire cycles and the cessation of First Nations’ land management practices. This research illustrates the value of integrating multiple historical data sources for studying landscape change in the Canadian Rockies, and explores the implications of this change for ecological restoration in the foothills-parkland of WLNP.

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Raven, Garnet Harold. "Mallard brood movements and wetland selection in the Canadian prairie parklands". 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/7842.

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Nest success is the most important determinant of population growth in prairie waterfowl, and tremendous resources have been allocated to increasing nest success as part of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan. Although brood survival is also important to mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) recruitment rates, knowledge of brood ecology is severely lagging relative to nest success. My study addresses this information gap by exploring mallard brood movements and wetland selection. An increased understanding of mallard brood behaviour will allow landscape management decisions to be more considerate of brood needs, and should lead to greater recruitment. Data were collected in conjunction with the Prairie Habitat Joint Venture (PHJV) Assessment project from 15 65-km2 study areas located throughout the Canadian prairie parklands. A total of 308 mallard broods were radio-tracked from hatch until 3O-days post-hatch. Models were constructed to predict movement probability (repeated-measures logistic regression) and movement distance (ANCOVA) of broods in relation to brood age, date, and study area. A backwards-elimination procedure was used to simplify models by eliminating non-significant (P > 0.05) effects. Models also were constructed to predict wetland selection in relation to wetland permanence, cover type, width of flooded emergent vegetation, brood age, date, dominant vegetation, and percent of seasonal wetlands inundated with water. Information-theoretic techniques were used to select the best fitting models. Movement probability generally decreased with age, although results varied by hatch date and study area. Later hatched broods moved farther than early hatched broods. Permanence, cover type, the width of flooded emergent vegetation, and the dominant species of vegetation were all important predictors of wetland selection...

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Klein, Susan C. "Mapping, analysis and comparison of vegetation in selected parklands in Anchorage, Alaska /". 1999. http://www.alaskapacific.edu/gis/sklein/.

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Machado, João David de Almeida Tété. "Avaliação da integração urbana de uma grande superfície comercial - o caso de ParkLake em Bucareste". Master's thesis, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/84266.

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Machado, João David de Almeida Tété. "Avaliação da integração urbana de uma grande superfície comercial - o caso de ParkLake em Bucareste". Dissertação, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/84266.

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