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1
Page, Timothy J., i n/a. "An Evolutionary History of the Freshwater Shrimp Family Atyidae in Australia". Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070725.120145.
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The aim of this thesis is to use phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial DNA to investigate the biogeography and evolutionary relationships within the freshwater shrimp family Atyidae in Australia at a nested series of scales, both geographic and systematic. At the largest scale, the relationships between Australian and Indo-West Pacific species were inferred using the two most common atyid genera in Australia, Caridina and Paratya. Most atyids are hypothesised to have colonised Australia from Southeast Asia, but Paratya may be a Gondwanan relict given its distribution. Australian Paratya all form a strong clade, with a sister relationship to species from Tasman Sea islands. Molecular clock estimates place all of the splits within Paratya after the break-up of Gondwana, with Australia being colonised once 3½-8½ million years ago. This transoceanic dispersal is conjectured to have taken place through oceanic currents because of the amphidromous life cycle of some taxa of Paratya. Caridina has a very different biogeographic history in Australia, as numerous Australian species have close evolutionary relationships with non-Australian taxa from locations throughout the region. This implies many colonisations to or from Australia over a long period, and thus highlights the surprising adeptness of freshwater shrimp in dispersal across ocean barriers and the unity of much of the region's freshwater biota. A number of potential species radiations within Australia were also identified. This agrees with patterns detected for a large number of Australian freshwater taxa, and implies a vicariant explanation due to the development of colder, dryer climates. The systematic relationships of the remaining two Australian surface genera (Caridinides, Australatya) and two subterranean genera (Parisia, Pycnisia) were also investigated. Australatya forms a strong clade with Pacific 'Atya-like' genera, and Caridinides falls within a clade containing Australian Caridina. The hypogean genera, Parisia and Pycnisia, form a strong clade in all analyses, implying an Australian subterranean speciation. The possibility of a relationship between Parisia/Pycnisia and some Australian Caridina species may have implications for the monophyly of the highly disjunct genus Parisia, as it may descend from local Caridina species and represent convergent morphologies. The common and speciose genus Caridina was used as a model taxon for analyses within Australia. At the medium scale, molecular taxonomic techniques were used to uncover cryptic species within a problematic east Australian species complex. At least five species were detected. Phylogeographic and population genetic analyses were carried out on each of these five cryptic species, which diverged from each other in the late Miocene/Pliocene. There were very large differences between the species in the scales of overall geographic distribution, intraspecific divergence and population structure. These were characterised as either: 1) species with large ranges, low intraspecific divergence, limited phylogeographic structuring (Caridina sp. D); 2) species with large ranges, high intraspecific divergence, a high level of phylogeographic structuring (sp. B); 3) species with a limited range, low intraspecific divergence, no phylogeographic structuring (sp. E); or 4) species with limited ranges, high intraspecific divergences, a high level of phylogeographic structuring (sp. A & C). These patterns reflect a combination of large-scale factors, such as landscape structure and climate change, and small-scale factors, such as species-specific tolerances to local conditions and differing dispersal capabilities. Life history variation (egg size) between species may be correlated with different dispersal abilities. Species with the smallest eggs have the least intraspecific divergence and largest distribution, while those with the biggest eggs have the most divergence and smallest distribution, with medium-sized egg species in between. At the smallest phylogeographic scale, C. sp. C from the sand dune islands of Moreton Bay in southeastern Queensland was further analysed. Two different lineages (C1, C2) were found which diverged from each other during the late Miocene/Pliocene and so are older than the current landscape in which they are found. Small-scale phylogeographic analyses within C1, C2 and a sympatric fish identified divergences dating to the Pleistocene (about 100-300 thousand years ago). This implies that ice age sea-level changes may have structured these populations, although there is little observable influence of the last glacial maximum (about 18 thousand years ago). This study has highlighted a number of taxonomic anomalies within the Atyidae. The detection of many cryptic species implies that biodiversity within freshwater invertebrates is higher than currently appreciated. The evolutionary and biogeographic relationships of Australian atyids have proved complex, with many taxa having their own individual histories. At the large Indo-Pacific scale, dispersal is most evident, but within Australia, both vicariance and dispersal have been responsible for structuring all taxa at every scale.
2
Page, Timothy J. "An Evolutionary History of the Freshwater Shrimp Family Atyidae in Australia". Thesis, Griffith University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367826.
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The aim of this thesis is to use phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial DNA to investigate the biogeography and evolutionary relationships within the freshwater shrimp family Atyidae in Australia at a nested series of scales, both geographic and systematic. At the largest scale, the relationships between Australian and Indo-West Pacific species were inferred using the two most common atyid genera in Australia, Caridina and Paratya. Most atyids are hypothesised to have colonised Australia from Southeast Asia, but Paratya may be a Gondwanan relict given its distribution. Australian Paratya all form a strong clade, with a sister relationship to species from Tasman Sea islands. Molecular clock estimates place all of the splits within Paratya after the break-up of Gondwana, with Australia being colonised once 3½-8½ million years ago. This transoceanic dispersal is conjectured to have taken place through oceanic currents because of the amphidromous life cycle of some taxa of Paratya. Caridina has a very different biogeographic history in Australia, as numerous Australian species have close evolutionary relationships with non-Australian taxa from locations throughout the region. This implies many colonisations to or from Australia over a long period, and thus highlights the surprising adeptness of freshwater shrimp in dispersal across ocean barriers and the unity of much of the region's freshwater biota. A number of potential species radiations within Australia were also identified. This agrees with patterns detected for a large number of Australian freshwater taxa, and implies a vicariant explanation due to the development of colder, dryer climates. The systematic relationships of the remaining two Australian surface genera (Caridinides, Australatya) and two subterranean genera (Parisia, Pycnisia) were also investigated. Australatya forms a strong clade with Pacific 'Atya-like' genera, and Caridinides falls within a clade containing Australian Caridina. The hypogean genera, Parisia and Pycnisia, form a strong clade in all analyses, implying an Australian subterranean speciation. The possibility of a relationship between Parisia/Pycnisia and some Australian Caridina species may have implications for the monophyly of the highly disjunct genus Parisia, as it may descend from local Caridina species and represent convergent morphologies. The common and speciose genus Caridina was used as a model taxon for analyses within Australia. At the medium scale, molecular taxonomic techniques were used to uncover cryptic species within a problematic east Australian species complex. At least five species were detected. Phylogeographic and population genetic analyses were carried out on each of these five cryptic species, which diverged from each other in the late Miocene/Pliocene. There were very large differences between the species in the scales of overall geographic distribution, intraspecific divergence and population structure. These were characterised as either: 1) species with large ranges, low intraspecific divergence, limited phylogeographic structuring (Caridina sp. D); 2) species with large ranges, high intraspecific divergence, a high level of phylogeographic structuring (sp. B); 3) species with a limited range, low intraspecific divergence, no phylogeographic structuring (sp. E); or 4) species with limited ranges, high intraspecific divergences, a high level of phylogeographic structuring (sp. A & C). These patterns reflect a combination of large-scale factors, such as landscape structure and climate change, and small-scale factors, such as species-specific tolerances to local conditions and differing dispersal capabilities. Life history variation (egg size) between species may be correlated with different dispersal abilities. Species with the smallest eggs have the least intraspecific divergence and largest distribution, while those with the biggest eggs have the most divergence and smallest distribution, with medium-sized egg species in between. At the smallest phylogeographic scale, C. sp. C from the sand dune islands of Moreton Bay in southeastern Queensland was further analysed. Two different lineages (C1, C2) were found which diverged from each other during the late Miocene/Pliocene and so are older than the current landscape in which they are found. Small-scale phylogeographic analyses within C1, C2 and a sympatric fish identified divergences dating to the Pleistocene (about 100-300 thousand years ago). This implies that ice age sea-level changes may have structured these populations, although there is little observable influence of the last glacial maximum (about 18 thousand years ago). This study has highlighted a number of taxonomic anomalies within the Atyidae. The detection of many cryptic species implies that biodiversity within freshwater invertebrates is higher than currently appreciated. The evolutionary and biogeographic relationships of Australian atyids have proved complex, with many taxa having their own individual histories. At the large Indo-Pacific scale, dispersal is most evident, but within Australia, both vicariance and dispersal have been responsible for structuring all taxa at every scale.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
Full Text
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Sawkins, Annemarie. "The architecture of the Parisian parish churches between 1489 and 1590 /". Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68135.
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The parish churches of Paris rebuilt between 1489 and 1590 are defined as an important group late Gothic monuments. They were each modeled after the Cathedral of Notre-Dame and given many of the same characteristics. The architectural features used in the rebuilding of the parish churches are part of a well-defined architectural vocabulary of both classical and flamboyant forms. The building histories show that the stylistic qualities of these monuments are the result of the constant application and reception of prevailing architectural ideas. The architectural arrangements and iconographic programs reveal the role of patrons; the monarchs, in particular, used the rebuilding of the parish churches to help define their own image. In this respect, the ecclesiastic architecture of the sixteenth century is reminiscent of the Court Style of Louis IX.
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Weichmann, Birgit. "Eccomi finalmente a Parigi ! : Untersuchungen zu Goldonis Pariser Jahren (1762-1793) /". Bonn : Romanistischer Verl, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb390680045.
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Lehrer, Charles-David. "The Nineteenth-century Parisian concerto /". Ann Arbor : Mich. : UMI, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35296154x.
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Gatta, Federica. "(Contre)pouvoirs urbains ? : une critique des dispositifs non-institutionnels de l’aménagement urbain dans les transformations du Nord-Est de la métropole parisienne". Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100164.
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De quelle manière l’urbanisme opérationnel se confronte-t-il aux les évolutions contemporaines des mouvements urbains de contestation et des rhétoriques politiques sur le développement durable et participatif ? Cette thèse part du constat d’un processus d’institutionnalisation en cours depuis les années 1970 de plusieurs mouvements sociaux et critiques de l’urbanisme promouvant la place des citadins dans la construction de la ville. Ce processus est analysé et situé à travers une ethnographie menée dans le contexte emblématique des transformations récentes du Nord-Est de la métropole parisienne. Le pari de ce travail est de mettre en place une observation de situations d’interaction entre groupes d’acteurs qui sont généralement regardés séparément : les associations impliquées dans des processus de concertation, les groupes engagés dans l’occupation d’espaces en friche, les décideurs et techniciens des grands projets d’aménagement urbain, les collectifs d’artistes et architectes promouvant l’art urbain et la participation. À travers l’analyse des justifications et des (més)ententes que ces acteurs mobilisent dans la négociation autour des projets en cours, ce qui se profile est la naissance de formes de contre-pouvoirs instituées. Ces dernières sont encadrées dans des dispositifs qui agissent sur la valorisation de l’incertitude dans les imaginaires urbains, sur l’affirmation ambiguë de la catégorie de l’« habitant » comme sujet-objet de la transformation et sur la construction de temporalités intercalaires et événementielles comme nouveaux paradigmes de la planification. Ce qui résulte de notre analyse est un questionnement autour des convergences entre autogestion libertaire et néolibéralisme urbain, et autour du rapport entre urbanisme technique et critique urbaineIn which way is urbanism confronting both the evolution taking place in contemporary urban movements and the simultaneous growth of political rhetoric concerning sustainable, participatory development? The present thesis stems from the observation of an ongoing process of institutionalization, begun in the seventies, of social movements and critical theories that emphasize the role and importance of city residents in the construction of their city. This process is analyzed through an ethnography conducted in the Parisian northeastern metropolitan area, thus situating it in an illustrative context of significant recent transformation. The challenge of this work is in studying a number of situations in which actors who are generally considered separately, interact: organizations involved in the development of communal urban participation, groups actively occupying abandoned urban spaces, the technicians and decision-makers of large-scale renovation projects, collectives of artists and architects advocating urban art and participation. Through an analysis of the explanations and (mis)understandings these actors use and reach while discussing projects in progress, what appears is a specific form of control of social counter-powers. This process is framed by apparatus attributing value to the idea of uncertainty in the urban imagination, asserting the “inhabitant” as an ambiguous subject-object of urban transformation, conceiving the intermittent progression of events and temporalities as a new paradigm of urban planning. What follows from this analysis is a questioning into where libertarian self-governance and urban neoliberalism converge, and into the evolving relationship between technical and critical urbanism
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Wong, Tsun-yu Jeff, i 黃峻儒. "On some Parisian problems in ruin theory". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206448.
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Traditionally, in the context of ruin theory, most judgements are made on an immediate sense. An example would be the determination of ruin, in which a business is declared broke right away when it attains a negative surplus. Another example would be the decision on dividend payment, in which a business pays dividends whenever the surplus level overshoots certain threshold. Such scheme of decision making is generally being criticized as unrealistic from a practical point of view. The Parisian concept is therefore invoked to handle this issue. This idea is deemed more realistic since it allows certain delay in the execution of decisions. In this thesis, such Parisian concept is utilized on two different aspects.
The first one is to incorporate this concept on defining ruin, leading to the introduction of Parisian ruin time. Under such a setting, a business is considered ruined only when the surplus level stays negative continuously for a prescribed length of time. The case for a fixed delay is considered. Both the renewal risk model and the dual renewal risk model are studied. Under a mild distributional assumption that either the inter arrival time or the claim size is exponentially distributed (while keeping the other arbitrary), the Laplace transform to the Parisian ruin time is derived. Numerical example is performed to confirm the reasonableness of the results. The methodology in obtaining the Laplace transform to the Parisian ruin time is also demonstrated to be useful in deriving the joint distribution to the number of negative surplus causing or without causing Parisian ruin.
The second contribution is to incorporate this concept on the decision for dividend payment. Specifically, a business only pays lump-sum dividends when the surplus level stays above certain threshold continuously for a prescribed length of time. The case for a fixed and an Erlang(n) delay are considered. The dual compound Poisson risk model is studied. Laplace transform to the ordinary ruin time is derived. Numerical examples are performed to illustrate the results.published_or_final_version
Statistics and Actuarial Science
Master
Master of Philosophy
8
Kinnunen, M. (Maria), i J. L. (Jatta-Lotta) Pirhonen. "Vapaaehtoistyö vastaanottokeskuksessa:kasvatustieteiden opiskelijoiden motiiveja turvapaikanhakijoiden parissa toimimiseen". Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201606042340.
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Turvapaikanhakijoita koskeva keskustelu on ollut viime aikoina vilkasta ja heihin liittyvät mielipiteet ovat jakautuneet ääripäihin. Pinnalla olleen kielteisen keskustelun rinnalle on noussut vahva halu turvapaikanhakijoiden tilanteen parantamiseksi. Tämä tutkimus selvittää, millaisista syistä ryhmä Oulun yliopiston kasvatustieteiden opiskelijoita hakeutui mukaan Pohjois-Pohjanmaan alueella sijaitsevassa vastaanottokeskuksessa tapahtuvaan vapaaehtoistoimintaan. Toiminta sai alkunsa syksyllä 2015, jolloin ennätysmäärä turvapaikanhakijoita pakeni Eurooppaan. Tässä tilanteessa viranomaisten tekemän työn rinnalle tarvittiin vapaaehtoisia. Oulun yliopisto kasvatustieteiden tiedekunnan opiskelijat vastasivat tähän tarpeeseen aloittamalla vastaanottokeskuksen ja yliopiston välisen vapaaehtoistyöhankkeen. Toiminnan tavoitteena oli edistää turvapaikanhakijoiden esikotoutumista ja kehittää samalla opiskelijoiden kompetensseja monikulttuurisuuden kohtaamisessa. Tässä työssä vapaaehtoistyön vaikutuksia tarkastellaan tutkimuksessa paitsi yksilöllisellä, myös yhteiskunnallisella tasolla. Lisäksi tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan sitä, miten kohtaamiset vapaaehtoistyössä voivat kehittää tulevien opettajien interkulttuurisia kompetensseja.
Tutkimus kuuluu laadullisen tutkimuksen piiriin. Sen teoreettisena viitekehyksenä toimii sosiaalinen konstruktionismi ja analyysimenetelmänä induktiivinen sisällönanalyysi. Sosiaalisen konstruktionismin mukaan tavat ja käsitteet ovat aina kontekstisidonnaisia. Ne ovat rakentuneet puhutun ja kirjoitetun kielen myötä siinä yhteisössä, jossa ne esiintyvät. Tutkimus pyrkii näin ollen etsimään yhden totuuden sijaan vapaaehtoisten henkilökohtaisen kokemusmaailman kautta rakentuneita syitä hakeutua toimintaan. Induktiivisen sisällönanalyysin avulla tunnistimme ja luokittelimme yksilöiden kokemuksia jokaisen henkilökohtaisista lähtökohdista käsin. Nämä menetelmälliset valinnat toivat esiin vapaaehtoistyön motiivien vaihtelun, mutta myös vapaaehtoisten ryhmän moninaisuuden: opiskelijoiden omat lähtökohdat ja kokemukset vaikuttivat vahvasti siihen, miten he näkivät työnsä merkityksen.
Aineisto koostuu 17 ennen projektin alkua kirjoitetusta motivaatiokirjeestä, joissa opiskelijat perustelevat syitä hakeutua mukaan vastaanottokeskuksessa tapahtuvaan vapaaehtoistoimintaan. Analysoitaessa kirjeistä nousi esiin kahdeksan kategoriaa: itsensä kehittäminen kohti interkulttuurisia kompetensseja, auttamishalu, vapaaehtoistyön merkityksellisyys, yhdenvertaisuuden edistäminen, pelkojen ja ennakkoluulojen kohtaaminen, kotoutumisprosessin edistäminen, kokemus omasta soveltuvuudesta vapaaehtoistyöhön, sekä reagointi yleisen keskusteluilmapiirin ja median luoman kuvan kielteisyyteen turvapaikanhakijoita koskien. Tutkimus osoittaa, etteivät syyt vapaaehtoistoimintaan osallistumiselle ole yksiselitteisiä, vaan vapaaehtoisilla on monia toisistaan poikkeavia motiiveja. Syiden takana oli nähtävissä myös vastakkaisia ajattelumalleja. Vapaaehtoistyöhön hakeuduttiin yhtäältä sisäisen äänen sanelemana, mutta toisaalta ulkoisen paineen takia. Aineistosta nousi henkilökohtaisten mikrotason motiivien kehittämisen lisäksi makrotason motiiveja, jotka keskittyivät laajempaan yhteiskunnalliseen vaikuttamiseen.
Aineistomme kuvasi projektin ensimmäisen vapaaehtoisryhmän näkemyksiä hyvin, koska se kattoi lähes kaikkien vapaaehtoistoimintaan osallistuvien opiskelijoiden vastaukset. Vaikka tuloksia ei voida yleistää, ne antavat kattavan kuvan vapaaehtoistyöprojektin pilottihankkeesta. Tuloksia voidaan tulevaisuudessa hyödyntää yliopiston ja vastaanottokeskuksen välisen yhteistyön kehittämisessä. Tuloksista voidaan hyötyä myös laajemmin yliopiston ja yhteiskunnan eri toimijoiden välisen yhteistyön kehittämisestä.
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Berman, Nancy. "Primitivism and the Parisian avant-garde, 1910-1925". Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38149.
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At the beginning of the twentieth century, the primitive played a crucial role in the emerging European modernist aesthetic. While art historians have been exploring the role of primitivism in modern art for decades, this area of research has received little attention in musicology. In this dissertation I examine how primitivism is constructed in modern French culture as manifest in three of the most important avant-garde stage works of the first part of the century: the Ballets Russes's Le Sacre du printemps (1913) and Les Noces (1923), and the Ballets Suedois's La Creation du monde (1923). Relying on primary sources such as reviews, other historically relevant documents, as well as the art historical literature, I trace the evolution of the cultural role of primitivism in pre- and post-World War 1 French culture.French critics of Le Sacre viewed the work as a portrayal of Russian "Otherness" against which they could assert or question their own identity. Whereas the primitivism of Le Sacre was understood to be radical, excessive, even prophetic and apocalyptic, the primitivism of Les Noces was perceived as a manifestation of the classicist "call to order" and as an emblem of American-style mechanization. That it was also understood in terms of the post-war avant-garde's emphasis on classical ideals of austerity, dryness, and sobriety reflects the Purists' belief that machines heralded the new classicism.
Jazz was the ultimate symbol of both primitivism and modernity, and was initially hailed by the avant-garde as a revivifying source for the French tradition. In their attempt to neutralize the racial and political threats perceived to be inherent in jazz, the avant-garde emphasized its rationality, precision, and economy. La Creation du monde represents the avant-garde's complete assimilation of jazz and l'art negre into the French classical tradition.
10
Northeast, C. M. "The Parisian Jesuits and the Enlightenment (1700-1762)". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234459.
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Evans, John Scoville. "Parisina: Literary and Historical Perspectives Across Six Centuries". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4074.
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This thesis explores the relationship between the many literary texts referring to the deaths of Ugo d'Este and Parisina Malatesta, who were executed in Ferrara in 1425 in accordance with an order by Niccolò III d'Este after he discovered their incestuous relationship. The texts are divided in three categories: (1) the fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Italian novellas and their translations; (2) the seventeenth-century Spanish tragedy; and (3) the nineteenth- and twentieth-century Romantic works. Although these categories divide the various texts chronologically, they also represent a thematic grouping as the texts within each category share common themes that set them apart from those in the other groups. While the various texts all tell the same story, each approaches the tragedy slightly differently based largely on the audience for which it was intended. Thus, the time and place of each text greatly affects its telling. Still, the fact that substantial differences exist between texts that were produced in both geographic and temporal proximity suggests that these are not all-determining factors. Although scholarship exists analyzing individual texts, a comprehensive study of the literary accounts relating to the tragedy has never been undertaken. Rather than detracting from the story, the differences put forth in each of the literary texts enrich the global reading experience by offering many perspectives on the tragedy. In addition, these differences influence how the reader reacts to each of the other texts. Familiarity with one version of the story changes the way a reader approaches the others. A parallel reading of the different versions of the story also shows the power culture has on interpretation. Texts referring to a singular event from one time and place sharply contrast with those that are the product of other circumstances.
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Le, Couls Matthieu. "Les paléoflores du Jurassique moyen et supérieur (Bathonien - Oxfordien) du bassin parisien et de ses marges". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B045.
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La paléoflore du Jurassique moyen et supérieur du bassin parisien est documentée par un ensemble de gisements assez importants et relativement peu connus, contenant des fossiles de tous types, généralement sous forme d’empreintes avec ou sans cuticule, ou encore sous forme de silicification dans des chailles. Huit gisements historiques ou nouveaux ont été étudiés, plus quatre fossiles isolés, tous datant de l’intervalle Bathonien-Oxfordien, et répartis sur l’ensemble du bassin parisien et de ses marges. Trois gisements ont étés étudiés dans la partie Est du bassin, Il s’agit d’Arc-en-Barrois (Bathonien supérieur), d’Étrochey (Callovien inférieur et moyen) et de Laignes (Callovien moyen). Ils appartiennent tous à l’archipel de la plate-forme bourguignonne, dont les îles étaient alors couvertes d’une forêt mixte xérophytes à Brachyphyllum. Le gisement d’Auxey, situé plus au sud, près de Beaune, daté de l’Oxfordien supérieur, montre au contraire une flore de milieu humide, riche en fougères. Deux autres gisements ont été étudiés au niveau du seuil du Poitou, les flores du Callovien moyen de Sauzé-Vaussais et des environs de Poitiers, riches en bennettitales, correspondant probablement à des milieux xéromorphes assez ouverts. Enfin, deux derniers gisements ont étés étudiés dans l’ouest du bassin, sur la marge orientale du massif armoricain alors émergé, les flores du Bathonien supérieur de Mamers et de Nonant-le-Pin. Ces deux gisements correspondent à des forêts mixtes côtières à Brachyphyllum, dans un milieu également xéromorphe. Ainsi, le bassin parisien présente au Bathonien et au Callovien exclusivement des flores côtières xérophytes, correspondant à des paléoenvironnements plutôt fermés, comme sur la plate-forme bourguignonne, jusqu’à des milieux au contraire assez ouverts, comme dans le Poitou. Les flores de milieu interne, loin des côtes, ne sont pas connues pour cette période. À l’Oxfordien supérieur en revanche, la flore d’Auxey indiquerait plutôt une certaine humidification du climat, bien que de plus amples données soient nécessaires pour confirmer cette interprétationThe palaeoflora of Late and Middle Jurassic of the Paris basin is documented by a set of rather important outcrops, relatively little know, containing fossils of every type, mainly imprints often without cuticle, sometime with, or otherwise silicification in flint nodules. Eight historic or new outcrops were studied, plus four isolated fossils, all dating from the Bathonian-Oxfordian interval and distributed on the whole Paris basin and its margins. Three deposits were studied in the eastern part of the basin, its Arc-en-Barrois (late Bathonian), Étrochey (early and middle Callovian), and Laignes (middle Callovian). They all belong to the archipelago of the Burgundian platform, whose islands are covered by a mixed xerophytes Brachyphyllum forest. The deposit of Auxey, situated to the south, close to the city of Beaune, dated of late Oxfordian shows on the contrary a flora of wet environments, rich in ferns. Two others outcrops were studied close to the seuil du Poitou, the late Callovian flora of Sauzé-Vaussais and Poitiers surroundings, rich in bennettitales, presumably corresponding to relatively open xeromorphic environments. Finally, two last deposits were studied in the west of the basin, on the oriental margin of the emerged Armorican massif, the flora of the late Bathonian of Mamers and Nonant-le-Pin. These two outcrops correspond to a coastal mixed Brachyphyllum forest, also in a xeromorphic environment. Thereby, the Paris basin presents from Bathonian to Callovian exclusively xerophytes floras, corresponding to rather closed paleoenvironments, as on the Burgundian platform, to on the contrary opened enough environments, as in Poitou. The flora of internal environments, far from coasts, are not known for this period. In late Oxfordian on the other hand, the flora of Auxey would indicate rather a certain moistering of the climate, although more ample data are necessary to confirm this interpretation
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Pekacz, Jolanta T. "Conservative tradition in pre-revolutionary France, Parisian salon women". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0005/NQ29092.pdf.
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Donnellon, Deirdre Caitriona. "Debussy, Satie and the Parisian critical press (1890-1925)". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367092.
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Nivet, Philippe. "Le Conseil municipal de Paris de 1944 à 1977". Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010514.
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Les historiens, jusqu'ici, ont porté peu d'intérêt au Conseil municipal de Paris, parce qu'ils considéraient a tort que cette assemblée avait peu de pouvoir, à cause du statut particulier de la capitale (jusqu'en 1977, le pouvoir exécutif appartenait en effet à l'administration préfectorale et il n'y avait pas de maire). La période que nous étudions commence en 1944 avec l'échec de la libéralisation du statut de la capitale; elle s'achevé avec les élections municipales de 1977 marquées par la libéralisation du statut de paris et l'élection d'un maire, Jacques Chirac. Ce travail montre comment les gaullistes ont affirmé progressivement leur prééminence sur l'administration parisienne, malgré les crises successives qui ont favorisé un temps la prépondérance de la droite indépendante. Une étude prosopographique (liée au dictionnaire biographique qui figure en annexe) met en lumière les filières d'accès au conseil: au début de la période on choisit plutôt des conseillers qui ont participé à la résistance; à la fin, des critères plus purement politiques l'emportent. Ce sont les débats sur la politique urbaine qui prédominent au conseil. Dans les années 60, les conseillers mettent en œuvre une politique de rénovation moderniste des quartiers périphériques, inspirée de solutions élaborées dans les années 50. Toutefois ils récusent les projets les plus destructeurs pour le tissu urbain que proposent les préfets et l'état. Dans les années 70, ils contribuent à l'élaboration d'une politique urbaine plus soucieuse du respect de l'environnement. Cette politique est a mettre en relation avec les rapports difficiles entre la ville et l'état qui sont étudiés dans la dernière partieHistorians have so far concerned themselves very little with the Conseil municipal de Paris (city council of Paris), for they considered - wrongly - that this assembly held little power, owing to the specific status of the capital (indeed, until 1977 the executive power was held by the prefectural administration, and there was no mayor). The period under study begins in 1944 when attempts at liberalizing the status of the capital failed; it ends with the 1977 municipal elections marked by a successful liberalization and the election of Jacques Chirac as mayor. This work shows how the Gaullists progressively asserted their pre-eminence over the administration of Paris, despite a series of crises which for a time strengthened the domination of the independent right. A prosopography study (linked to the biographic dictionary appended) gives an insight into the channels of access to the council : at the beginning of the period considered, the members were generally chosen among those who had taken part in the resistance; at the end purely political criteria prevail. It is urban policy which is mostly debated over in the city council. In the sixties, councilors applied a policy of modernistic redevelopment of the peripheral districts, inspired by solutions that had been worked out in the fifties. However they opposed the schemes put forward by the state planners and the prefets which would have entailed large destructions in the urban fabric. In the seventies they contributed to the development of an urban policy which took greater care of the environment. This policy is to be connected with the difficult relations between the city of Paris and the state. These relations will be examined in the last part
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Chamberland, Gary S. "Is the pastor necessary for a parish to be a parish?" Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
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Bakhtiarpour, Parisa [Verfasser]. "Fabrication and sensing development of electroactive polymers / Parisa Bakhtiarpour". Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2017. http://d-nb.info/113827786X/34.
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Parisi, Stefan [Verfasser]. "Sekundärprophylaxe bei schizophrenen Ersterkrankungen : Evaluation eines Behandlungsprogramms / Stefan Parisi". Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2014. http://d-nb.info/106102380X/34.
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Wätjen, Eduard. "Die Wandbilder im Pariser Panthéon". Diss., lmu, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-138438.
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Matthies, Rich John. "Fort Apache : the literary lives of the Parisian banlieue savage /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8303.
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Jenkins, Lloyd. "Geography and architecture : materiality and the Parisian commercial office building". Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.633112.
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Tranca, Ioana Alexandra. "Aesthetics in ruins : Parisian writing, photography and art, 1851-1892". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/270739.
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This project explores two main lines of inquiry concerning representations of ruins in Paris. I first identify a turning point in the evolution of the ruin leitmotif beyond Romanticism in its transfer into a new context: modern Paris. The analysis demonstrates the correlation between this leitmotif and urban environment in transformation, and their influence on aesthetics, leading to the renewal of modes of representation in literary and visual discourse. Unconventional ruins, recently created by demolition during Haussmannisation (1853-70) or war (1870-71) challenge conceptions about space (inside/outside, up/down, visible/invisible), time, and the individual in relation to the city. In view of tracing the transformation of the ruin ethos in relation to modern sensibilities towards the city and its modes of representation, a chronological approach concentrates on two main periods divided into four chapters. The first interval extends from 1848 throughout the Second Empire and the second spans the 1870-1871 conflagration and the Third Republic. An interdisciplinary and dialogic approach reveals the exchanges between different media (literature, journalism, painting, photography) aiming to convey the paradoxes of Paris's modern ruins. Moreover, close reading and comparisons of authors' and artists' depictions across media and genres nuance, correct or disprove critical appraisals, re-establishing artistic authority (e.g. photographers Charles Marville and Bruno Braquehais). The second line of inquiry posits that representations of ruins reflect on the relationship of Parisians with their city during systematisation and wartime destruction. Research reveals that individual initiatives of representing urban ruins attest to a new sensibility towards the city, preceding the Second Empire's (1853-1870) apparatus of historical and topographic documentation to preserve the appearance of spaces before intervention. Thus, during Paris's systematisation, private and artistically-minded projects become the tools of patrimonial preservation. By comparison, aesthetic approaches to ruins in 1871 mark a new appreciation of modern architecture, while engaging with war trauma.
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Hibberd, Sarah. "Magnetism, muteness, magic : Spectacle and the Parisian lyric stage c1830". Thesis, Boston Spa : British thesis service, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39143431q.
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Brée, Sandra. "La fécondité à Paris et dans sa région au XIXe siècle". Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040036.
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Au siècle de la restriction des naissances en France, la capitale et sa région est un cadre d’analyse privilégié pour approfondir la connaissance sur la transition démographique. A travers une analyse agrégative appropriée aux sources et aux problématiques envisagées, ce travail a pour but de comprendre le mouvement de la fécondité à Paris (à l’échelle de la ville, des arrondissements et quartiers) et dans sa région (à l’échelle départementale puis communale) au XIXe siècle en distinguant fécondité légitime et illégitime (et les couples concubins des « filles-mères » pour cette dernière) ; puis de le confronter aux déterminants économiques, sociaux, culturels ou démographiques afin de comprendre, à travers la distribution spatiale, la différenciation sociale des comportements fécondsIn the century of birth control in France, the capital and the surrounding region is a privileged analytical framework for deepening knowledge on demographic transition. Through an aggregative analysis appropriate to the sources and the issues examined, this work aims to understand the movement of fertility in Paris (at the district, borough and city level), and the surrounding region (at the departmental and municipal level) in the nineteenth century, to distinguish legitimate and illegitimate fertility (and cohabiting couples from unwed mothers for the latter); and then to consider it in relation to economic, social, cultural or demographic determinants in order to understand, through the spatial distribution, the social differentiation of fertility behaviours
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Arbulu, Pedro. "La Bourse de Paris au XIXe siècle : efficience et performance d'un marché financier émergent". Paris Connaissances et Savoirs, 2007. http://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz277819733inh.htm.
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Aubé, Carole. "La naissance du Sentier : l'espace du commerce des tissus à Paris dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0168/document.
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Situé en plein cœur de Paris, le Sentier reconnu depuis la seconde moitié du XXe siècle comme le centre le plus actif du commerce international des tissus, s’est construit dans la continuité d’un ‘’Sentier ancien ‘’ qui trouve ses origines dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle. En nous appuyant sur les Almanachs du Commerce de Paris pour reconstruire l’infrastructure économique de cet espace, nous avons pu mettre en évidence les caractéristiques de cet ensemble originaire et plus particulièrement la croissante centralité du quartier Montmartre dans le commerce des tissus. Placé à la lisière des grands boulevards et des lieux de la « nouvelle modernité » parisienne, ce quartier était le véritable noyau central du commerce des tissus en gros, animé par un négoce important et solidement implanté dans les rues du Sentier, Saint-Fiacre et des Jeûneurs. Il s’agit prioritairement, au début du siècle, du commerce des articles de toiles de coton et des châles, rejoints à partir des années 1830, par la vente de dentelles, de tissus mérinos et de tissus de nouveautés.Dans notre recherche pour saisir l’ensemble des éléments à l’œuvre dans la construction identitaire de cet espace original, l’exploitation de diverses sources, telles que les sources cadastrales, la composition des listes électorales ou les archives notariales, nous ont permis de restituer une image précise de ces dynamiques, de dégager l’importance de cette sphère professionnelle et ses multiples conséquences sur l’espace physique et social de ce quartierLocated in the very heart of Paris, the SENTIER which prevails in the second half of the 19th century as the most active center of the business of international trade of fabrics, built itself in the continuity of a " former SENTIER " which has its origins in the first half of the 19th century. Relying on the Almanachs of the Trade of Paris to reconstruct the economic infrastructure of this space, we were able to highlight the characteristics of this first socio-economic group and the increasing centrality of the Montmartre neighborhood in the trade of fabrics. Located at the edge of the places of the "new Parisian modernity ", this district became the central point of the wholesale fabrics trade, led by an important trade firmly established in the streets of the Sentier, Saint Fiacre and Jeuneurs. It mainly concerns, at the beginning of the century, the trade of articles of cotton cloths and shawls, joined from 1830s, by the sale of laces, merino fabrics and fashionable fabrics. In our search to seize all the elements in action in the identity construction of this original space, the exploitation of diverse sources, such as the cadastral sources, the composition of electoral rolls or the notarial archives, allowed us to restore a precise image of these dynamics to express the importance of this professional sphere and its multiple consequences on the physical and social space of this district
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Sadeghi, Parisa Haj [Verfasser]. "Run-time debugging for functional logic languages / Parisa Haj Sadeghi". Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1019984961/34.
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Kirk, Elizabeth Gail. "Neo-orientalism : ugly women and the Parisian avant-garde, 1905-1908". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28091.
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The Neo-Orientalism of Matisse's The Blue Nude (Souvenir of Biskra), and Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, both of 1907, exists in the similarity of the extreme distortion of the female form and defines the different meanings attached to these "ugly" women relative to distinctive notions of erotic and exotic imagery. To understand Neo-Orientalism, that is, 19th century Orientalist concepts which were filtered through Primitivism in the 20th century, the racial, sexual and class antagonisms of the period, which not only influenced attitudes towards erotic and exotic imagery, but also defined and categorized humanity, must be considered in their historical context.
My introduction is an investigation of current art historical scholarship which has linked the manipulation of form by Matisse and Picasso and shifting avant-garde practice in Paris in the years 1905 - 1908, when Cubism displaced Fauvism, to the concepts of Orientalism and Primitivism. The problem of the ideological content of images of women, which I undertake to address, arises from these studies which rely upon the assumed metaphysical fascination with the exotic or the intuitive, personal concern for erotic symbolism by the artists as a solution to meaning. The absence of a rich critical discourse surrounding the paintings encourages my approach to the problem of meaning whereby in Chapter One I examine images of women produced in Paris in the specific discourses of popular and official culture in 1906. These representations of the female are identified as ideological constructions which functioned in relation to the important and broader issues of the moment affecting the dominance of French culture: class struggle and neo-colonialism.
In Chapter Two the "ugly" women of Matisse's The Blue Nude (Souvenir of Biskra) and Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon are analysed as intended avant-garde transformations
of images of female prostitutes and compared with the Images of women In popular and official culture and with each other, In recognition of their function within the historical context of their production. In conclusion I suggest that the difference in meaning between these paintings by Matisse and Picasso was Ideological, operating within the context of class struggle and neo-colonialism, and defined by their distinctive conscious and unconscious use of Primitivism.Arts, Faculty of
Art History, Visual Art and Theory, Department of
Graduate
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Lim, Jia Wei. "Parisian excursions of Brownian motion and their applications in mathematical finance". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/795/.
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In this thesis, we study Parisian excursions, which are defined as excursions of Brownian motion above or below a pre-determined barrier, exceeding a certain time length. Employing a new method, a recursion formula for the densities of single barrier and double barrier Parisian stopping times are computed. This new approach allows us to obtain a semi-closed form solution for the density of the one-sided stopping times, and does not require any numerical inversions of Laplace transforms. Further, it is backed by an intuitive argument which is premised on the recursive nature of the excursions and the strong Markov property of the Brownian motion. The same method is also employed in our computation of the two-sided and the double barrier Parisian stopping times. In turn, the resultant densities are used to price Parisian options. In particular, we provide numerical expressions for down-and-in Parisian calls. Additionally, we study the tail of the distribution of the two-sided Parisian stopping time. Based on the asymptotic properties of its distribution, we propose an approximation for the option prices, alleviating the heavy computational load arising from the recursions. Finally, we use the infinitesimal generator to obtain several results on other variations of Parisian excursions. Specifically, apart from the length, we are interested in the number of excursions and the maximum height achieved during an excursion. Using the same generator, we derive the joint Laplace transform of the occupation times of the Brownian motion above and below zero, but only starting the clock each time after a certain length.
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Watts, Chelsea Anne. "Painting Parisian Identity: Place and Subjectivity in Fin-de-siecle art". Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3403.
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In this thesis I provide analysis of several nineteenth-century artworks in order to elucidate the connections between place and identity as expressed in visual representations of Paris. I utilize Bakhtin's idea of the dialogical as a means of identifying multiple subject positions that might be accessed by particular individuals who live in socially constructed spaces specific to fin-de-siècle Paris. I discuss the construction of three performed identities unique to nineteenth-century Paris: the Flâneur, the bohemian, and the primitivist. In each chapter I will parse out the social construction of the spaces where these identities existed and were performed, and link those identities to their discursive functions as particular models of Parisian life. I will discuss the relationship of each representation of identity to Henri Lefebvre's concept of socially-produced space through analysis of the stylistic and compositional choices made by the artist. The visual artworks I discuss include Edouard Manet's A Bar at the Folies-Bergère, Vincent van Gogh's The Outskirts of Paris, Night Café, and Café Terrace at Night, and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec's Jane Avril and Divan Japonais.
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Carpenter, Juliet. "Urban policy and social change in two Parisian neigbourhoods, 1962-1992". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361633.
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Korid, Yacine. "French by association : the role of associations in a Parisian banlieue". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/48946/.
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There are over a million associations in France dealing with a large variety of issues such as leisure, sports, health, social solidarity or education. Legally defined by the 1901 law, associations are complex structures that require financing and management. They can also be described as promoting ‘cultural expression' and ‘social integration'. Associations are particularly present in the French ‘banlieues' (suburbs) around town and city centers as these areas are often seen as epitomising social fragmentation. Based on ethnographic fieldwork amongst two associations in the Quartiers Nord area of Asnières, a town on the edges of Paris known for its diverse associative life, I explore the positioning, mechanisms and strategies adopted by associations in order to reduce the effects of socio-economic inequalities along territorial lines. My fieldwork mainly consisted of teaching French to newly-arrived migrant children and teenagers as well as helping others with their homework. This allowed me to gain access to a large variety of perspectives, from that of associative leaders and members of the local administration to the views of families living in the Quartiers Nord. To make sense of these multiple angles of approach, I rely strongly on Gerd Baumann's (1996) distinction between dominant and demotic discourses as it underlines the dynamic and contextual nature of interactions between residents and the local and national frameworks in which they evolve. I aim to uncover the processes through which some associations have become intermediate spaces (or interstices) of mediation between local or national administrations and the residents of given neighborhoods labeled as ‘difficult', in other words between center and periphery. By doing so, I add to the debate on the integration of banlieue inhabitants to discourses of French Republicanism.
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Tessitore, Adriana. "Avaliação do angulo da comissura labial na reabilitação na parilia facial". [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309908.
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Orientador: Jorge Rizzato PaschoalTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: A Paralisia Facial (PF) tem sido progressivamente, objeto de estudo dos fonoaudiólogos que trabalham com motricidade e reabilitação orofacial. A terapia visa a reabilitação das funções orais - sucção, deglutição, mastigação, fala e expressividade facial. Na paralisia facial periférica (PFP), a diminuição dos movimentos faciais e seqüela estética resultantes podem ter repercussões emocionais importantes, além do déficit funcional. A reabilitação orofacial favorece a recuperação de movimentos e a adequação e/ou a adaptação das funções orofaciais e de expressividade, mediante atuação no tônus muscular. Entretanto, quantificar os resultados terapêuticos na tentativa de aferição do tônus muscular é tarefa difícil. O objetivo geral desta tese foi avaliar a mudança do ACL a partir de um protocolo específico aplicado em pacientes com paralisia facial periférica. Os objetivos específicos foram estudar a variação do ACL, entre o início e o final do tratamento de reabilitação e avalia a confiabilidade da variação desse ângulo como elemento quantificador da eficácia terapêutica. Foram estudados 20 pacientes com PFP (grau IV), encaminhados para reabilitação orofacial do Ambulatório de Paralisia Facial do Hospital de Clínicas da Unicamp, num ensaio longitudinal prospectivo. A constatação da evolução funcional favorável baseou-se na melhora do tônus muscular com a reabilitação. A variação do tônus foi aferida mediante modificação no ACL. O estudo foi feito nas imagens da documentação fotográfica pré (após quinze dias de instalação da paralisia facial) e pós-tratamento de um ano. Para comprovação da eficácia da reabilitação, comparou-se o ACL pré e pós-reabilitação. O grupo estudado foi comparado a um grupo controle composto de nove sujeitos com paralisia facial grau IV, não submetidos a reabilitação orofacial. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste emparelhado das amostras (T-Student). A confiabilidade da medida do ACL foi aferida através do teste de coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. A média da idade dos pacientes estudados foi 47,65 anos, com desvio padrão (DP) 13,50. A média do ACL pré-reabilitação foi 101,70 e, pós-reabilitação, diminuiu para 93,80 (DP = 4,3). O teste estatístico revelou diferença estatisticamente significativa (p< 0, 001). A análise de confiabilidade demonstrou que existe uma alta correlação entre as medidas de ângulos para os três juízes, sendo estatisticamente significante (p<0,001). O teste estatístico T-Student aplicado para comparação entre o grupo estudado e o grupo controle revelou que a média do ACL no grupo controle foi 100.9, não tem diferença com a média das medidas iniciais do grupo estudado (p=0,723). Em contrapartida apresentou significância estatística na comparação dos valores pós tratamento (p=0.001). Concluímos que o ACL é um marcador antropométrico que nos permite avaliar objetivamente a modificação do tônus da musculatura facial na PFP. Esse protocolo de reabilitação permitiu incremento marcante do tônus muscular, com melhora significativa da simetria do rosto no repouso facial
Abstract: Facial Paralysis has progressively been object of study by speech therapists Who work with motor skills and orofacial rehabilitation. The objective of the therapy is to rehabilitate oral functions - suction, swallowing, mastication, speech and facial expressiveness. The impairment of facial movements and aesthetical sequelae as a consequence of peripheral facial paralysis (PFP) have important emotional repercussions besides functional deficit. Orofacial rehabilitation improve recuvery of movements and adjustment and/or adaptation of the orofacial functions by acting on muscular tonus. However quantifying the therapeutic results in an attempt to valuate muscular tonus is a hard task. The general objective of this thesis was to assess the change on the LCA from a specific protocol applied to patients with peripheral facial paralysis. The specific objectives were to study the LCA variation between the beginning and end of rehabilitation treatment and to assess the reliability of this angle's variation as a quantifying element of therapeutic efficacy. Twenty patients with PFP (HB IV) were studied. They were refered for orofacial rehabilitation from the Facial Paralysis Ambulatory of the Hospital das Clínicas da UNICAMP. This is a prospective longitudinal study. The study was based on the photographically documentation images before (after fifteen days of facial paralysis onset) and one year after treatment. The value of LCA was compared before and one year after treatment. The patients were compared to a control group of nine pacients with PFP - HB IV Who were did not undergo orofacial rehabilitation. The data were analyzed statistically using a T-student test. The reliability of the measurement of the LCA was verifiedusing a Pearson correlation coefficient test. The average age of the patients was 47.65 years, with a standard deviation (SD) of 13.50. The LCA average before rehabilitation was of 101.7o and, after rehabilitation, it 93.8o (SD = 4.3). The statistical test showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). The reliability analysis showed that there is a high correlation among the three angle measurements for the three judges, therefore being statistically significant (p<0.001). The statistical T-test applied to compare the group which was studied with the control groups has revealed that the average LCA in the control group was 100.9, and there is no difference with the average of the initial measurements in the group which was studied (p = 0.723). On the other hand, there is a statistical significance in the comparison of post-treatment values (p=0.001). We concluded that the LCA is an anthropometric marker which seems to allow objectively assessment the muscular tonus modification on facial muscles in patients with PFP. Our protocol of rehabilitation improved the muscular tonus, and facial functions
Doutorado
Ciencias Biomedicas
Doutor em Ciências Médicas
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Goode, Saul. "The Sans-papiers' struggle against exclusion : politics in the Parisian banlieue". Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411612.
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This thesis addresses the way that 'politics' and 'ethnicity' appear to be mutually exclusive in the French context, where the Republican ideal of citizenship excludes ethnic identity. I investigate the concept of 'social exclusion' and its application to the banlieues - built-up suburbs of major cities, in this case Paris, where there is a concentration of non-white residents. The banlieues are seen as areas of 'social exclusion' associated with restructuring and deindustrialisation. I argue that 'colour-blind' policies aimed at combating 'social exclusion' ignore a significant part of the lives and identities of banlieue residents by denying the enmeshing of 'culture' and 'structure', and disregarding the history of colonialism and migration. The existence of sans-papiers represents one of the omissions of 'social exclusion' policies. They are immigrants, and frequently banlieue residents, who have no legal right to be in France. The sans-papiers movement fights against the bureaucratic barriers to regularisation that the sans-papiers have encountered as individuals. My fieldwork with a sans-papiers organisation enabled me to observe and to take part in the interaction between French militants and immigrants from several different cultural backgrounds. The organisation offered an apt site for studying how 'politics' and 'ethnicity' interact in the French context. I give an account of the sans-papiers organisation during a six month occupation of an old Gendarmerie. My analysis of the sans-papiers movement draws on the theoretical models of Agamben (1998,1999), Badiou (1988) and Zizek (1999). I discuss the emergence of the movement in the context of French universalism. Using interview material, I look at the experience of being a sans-papiers in France. In relation to the events of the occupation, I consider the relationship between the sans-papiers organisation and the authorities, and the relationship within the organisation between sans-papiers and French militants. I investigate group solidarity amongst the sans-papiers and the extent to which their voice was heard in public space, particularly in relation to 'the list' of occupants for whom they demanded regularisation.
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Saidane, Othmane. "La population tunisienne dans l'espace parisien". Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010502.
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La population tunisienne, ayant recemment emigre en france, connait de difficiles conditions de vie dans l'espace parisein. Des conditions de logement precaires puisqu'on les retrouve en majorite dans des logements au confort reguit, voire insalubres de la capitale, a moins qu'ils ne soient relegues dans les banlieues. Des conditions de travail tout aussi difficiles car ceux qui ont activement participe et contribue a l'essor economique de la france, se retrouvent parfois aujourd'hui au chomage, a moins que trop ages ou retraites, ils ne finissent leurs jours solitaires ou hospitalises, oublies des instances politiques. Les plus jeunes, ceux de la "deuxieme" voire de la "troisieme generation" ne sont guere mieux favorises, car si la plupart suivent une scolarite normale, un trop grand nombre d'entre eux connaissent l'echec scolaire, une selection a l'eole qui les dirige sur des filieres d'enseignement court et professionnel, les vouant comme leurs peres a des emplois subalternes et peu retribues. Ces jeunes ont largement demontre qu'ils se sentent non seulement des francais a part entiere mais qu'ils entendent aussi participer activement a la construction de l'avenir de la france. L'integration des immigres passent par l'amelioration de leurs conditions de vie, de logement, une meilleure formation professionnelle ainsi que la prise en compte des difficultes et des specificites de leurs enfants a l'ecole.
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Fabbri, Marco [Verfasser], i Francesco [Akademischer Betreuer] Parisi. "Social Welfare and Behavioral Public Policies / Marco Fabbri ; Betreuer: Francesco Parisi". Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1121783252/34.
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Fabbri, Marco Verfasser], i Francesco [Akademischer Betreuer] [Parisi. "Social Welfare and Behavioral Public Policies / Marco Fabbri ; Betreuer: Francesco Parisi". Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1121783252/34.
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Frazar, Lether Edward. "Early annals of Beauregard Parish". Lake Charles, La. : Dept. of Archives and Special Collections, Frazar Memorial Library, McNeese State University, 2007. http://www.library.mcneese.edu/depts/archive/FTBooks/earlyannals.htm.
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Irvine, Andrew R. "Isolation and the parish ministry". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2626.
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The purpose of this thesis was to examine the concept of isolation as it occurs within the profession of ministry. Isolation, for the purpose of this thesis, is defined social-psychologically. Within the field research isolation is considered as evidenced professionally, socially and spiritually. This study utilized as its sample base 200 hundred Church of Scotland ministers (15% of total population) which provided 159 usable responses to an extensive mail survey. The mail survey consisted of a questionnaire designed and tested to measure experienced isolation; the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, a personality measure; and the Purpose In Life Test, a measure of motivation. A further 15% of the respondents were selected by random process for direct interviews. The thesis is divided into four primary sections; psychological perspective, theological perspective , field research, summary and conclusions. Chapter 1 reviews eight psychological perceptions of isolation as found in the works of such notables as Freud, Adler, Fromm, Horney, Laing, Sullivan, and Frankl. From these it was determined that common to all perspectives of isolation was a primary isolation from the SELF. In chapters 2 and 3a model of isolation was developed from the work of C. G. Jung and applied to the profession of ministry. Chapters 4 to 6 examine the concept of separation from the self from a theological perspective as found in the works of P. Tillich and E. Brunner. Chapter 6 develops a composite view of the self and considers it in light of the redemptive process. Chapters 7 to 10 review the actual field study conducted by the researcher among the Church of Scotland ministers. This study concludes in Chapter 11 with a summary of the findings and their implications for the ministry of the church. The salient factor evidenced was that isolation is not primarily an inter-relational problem, but rather an intrarelational phenomenon.
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Van, Andel Louise. "Collaborative leadership in a parish". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1999. http://www.tren.com.
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Glenn, Constance Virginia. "The emergence of the Gothic style in 13th century Parisian goldsmiths' work". Thesis, Courtauld Institute of Art (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396834.
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Boothroyd, Edward. "The Parisian stage during the Occupation, 1940-1944 : a theatre of resistance?" Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2009. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/345/.
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This study aims to establish whether the performance or reception of a ‘theatre of resistance’ was possible amid the abundant and popular literary theatre seen during the Occupation of France (1940-1944). Playwrights and critics have made bold claims for five plays that allegedly conveyed hostility towards the occupier or somehow encouraged the French Resistance movement. These premieres will be scrutinised by examining the plays’ scripts, the circumstances surrounding their composition, the acquisition of a performance visa, public reactions and critics’ interpretations from before and after the Liberation of August 1944. I intend to demonstrate that the extreme circumstances of war-torn Paris were largely responsible for the classification of these complex works and their authors as either pro-Resistance or pro-Collaboration, a binary opposition I will challenge. While it is understandable that certain lines or themes took on special relevance, writers would not risk attracting the attention of the German or Vichy authorities. Mythical or historical subject material was (deliberately) far removed from the situation of 1940s audiences, yet was presented in the form of ‘new’ tragedies that resonated with their preoccupations. Individual testimony confirms that certain plays provided a morale boost by reaffirming hope in the future of France.
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Myers, Jessica (Jessica Carolyn). "Here there be dragons : broadcasting identity and security in the Parisian region". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111420.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 35-39).
Here There Be Dragons (HTBD) is a podcast and new media thesis project on the ways in which fear, anxiety, and insecurity change resident perceptions of public space in cities and their use of these spaces. This season of HTBD centers the experiences of thirty-two natives, transplants, and immigrants to the Parisian region (Paris, France and its surrounding suburbs). This season features eight twenty to thirty minute episodes, which collage together overlapping concerns of the residents. Each episode has a theme ranging from terrorism and public policy to gentrification, social codes, and urban design. Each episode also includes interviews with several researchers to highlight social, cultural, and political nuances that are emphasized by residents' experiences. The project also features a website (htbdpodcast.com) with supportive materials for listeners, such as a glossary of terms, readings, and a newsletter. The written thesis chronicles the methods and processes used to realize the podcast and concludes with reflections on the value of podcasting for urban design and planning.
by Jessica Myers.
M.C.P.
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Romey, John Andrew III. "Popular Song, Opera Parody, and the Construction of Parisian Spectacle, 1648–1713". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1521213146521338.
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Rossi, Pauline. "L'Est parisien : genèse d'une reconquête (1919-1975)". Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040073.
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Établi en 1983, le Plan Programme de l'Est parisien a souvent été considéré comme le point de départ d'une reconquête architecturale et urbaine de cette partie de la capitale. Depuis la fin du XIXᵉ et jusqu'aux années 1970, l'Est parisien a été perçu comme le pendant industriel et populaire de l'Ouest parisien, souffrant pour le prestige de la capitale d'un retard esthétique et fonctionnel. Cependant, depuis la renaissance de l'urbanisme parisien en 1919 et jusqu'au milieu des années 1970, lorsqu'aménageurs et promeneurs redécouvrirent les charmes de ces quartiers, l'Est parisien a été l'objet d'une politique urbaine de reconquête et fut partiellement reconstruit dans une tentative restée vaine d'homogénéisation et de modernisation. Considérant que l'ampleur des démolitions a depuis été analysée et mise en avant, nos travaux tendent à comprendre les enjeux et à réévaluer les réalisations induites par cette politiqueMost historians described the master plan established in 1983, in Paris, as the first attempt to reshape the Eastern part of the town. From the turn of the 19th century to the 1970's, the districts east of the city were considered as the realm of industry, of workers and cheap housing. These districts did not match the overall prestige of the French capital and their development was miserably lagging behind the rest of the city : public spaces as well as buildings and urban planning could not bear comparison with the luxury of the Western districts, not to mention the city centre. However, between 1919, when urban planning received a new impetus, and 1975, when the developers and the public understood the real value of the underestimated neighbourhoods, the districts east of the city were occasionally rebuilt. During this process, one often stressed the destruction resulting from a modernization process effort. It is time to reassess the full consequences of the last century
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Racz, Imogen Anne. "Henri Laurens and the Parisien avant-garde". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/425.
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This dissertation examines the development of Henri Laurens' artistic work from 1915 to his death in 1954. It is divided into four sections: from 1915 to 1922, 1924 to 1929, 1930 to 1939 and 1939 to 1954. There are several threads that run through the dissertation. Where relevant, the influence of poetry on his work is discussed. His work is also analyzed in relation to that of the Parisian avant-garde. The first section discusses his early Cubist work. Initially it reflected the cosmopolitan influences in Paris. With the continuation of the war, his work showed the influence both of Leonce Rosenberg's 'school' of Cubism and the literary subject of contemporary Paris. The second section considers Laurens' work in relation to the expanding art market. Laurens gained a number of public commissions as well as many ones for private clients. Being site specific, all the works were different. The different needs of architectural sculpture as opposed to studio sculpture are discussed, as is his use of materials. Although the situation was not easy for avant-garde sculptors, Laurens became well respected through exposure in magazines and exhibitions. The third section considers Laurens in relation to the depression and the changing political scene. Like many of the avant-garde, he had left wing tendencies, which found form in various projects, including producing a sculpture for the Ecole Karl Marx at Villejuif. Patronage virtually ceased. However, Laurens was frequently included in articles in avant-garde journals and exhibited widely. The fourth section begins with the war. Laurens continued to live and work in Paris but was not included in official exhibitions. After the war, the press and State, which had largely disregarded members of the tcole de Paris, reversed this trend. As well as revisiting old sculptural themes, Laurens illustrated a number of books.
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Karayan, Georges. "Apolipoprotéines et alcool : exemple du vagabond parisien". Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P171.
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Lebeau, Boris. "L' intercommunalité francilienne : le cas nord parisien". Paris 13, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA131021.
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Dix ans d’un développement sans précédant de l’intercommunalité à fiscalité propre en Ile-de-France nous interpellent à présent sur la capacité de ce nouveau maillage institutionnel à rationaliser la gestion de la métropole parisienne. Subordonnée aux logiques politiques des élus chargés de sa mise en œuvre et concurrencée par les acteurs institutionnels plus classiques, l’intercommunalité peine pourtant à s’imposer comme cadre pertinent de l’action publique. Loin de se limiter à un état des lieux des désordres de la gouvernance francilienne, cette thèse insiste également sur un problème fondamental aux yeux du géographe ; celui de la possibilité ou non de se doter d’un découpage administratif cohérent et parfaitement efficient dans une agglomération de 9. 6 millions d’habitants. En s’appuyant sur les concepts de la géographie (ceux de territoire, de limite, de continuité/discontinuité) mais aussi en analysant de manière précise les aspects politiques, économiques, sociaux et territoriaux de l’intercommunalité, ce travail insiste sur le caractère mouvant des différents territoires de la ville. L’approche géographique suggère donc que la mise en adéquation des territoires fonctionnels et des territoires institutionnels ne peut être que partielle et que, au-delà de l’intercommunalité, il conviendrait sans doute de repenser certains paradigmes du développement localAfter ten years of an unprecedented development of intercommunlity with is own tax system in Ile-de-France, a question is raised, i. E. The ability of that new institutional network to make the management of the metropolitan area more rational. Subordinated to the political decisions of the elected representatives in charge of its implementation and competing with the more standard institutional players, intercommunality struggles to assert itself as a relevant frame public policy. Far from confining itself to an inventory of the shortcomings of governance in Ile-de-France, this thesis also insists on a core problem facing a geographer: is it possible or not to provide a system of administrative division both coherent and efficient in a metropolitan area of such a large dimension? We will both use geographical concepts (of territory, boundary, discontinuity) and minutely analyse the political, economic, social and territorial aspects of intercommunality in order to emphasize that the different territories of the city are always changing. The geographical point of view therefore suggests that functional and institutional territories can only be partially consistent with each other and that beyond intercommunality some paradigms of urban development probably have to be rethought
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REINERT, JOAO FERNANDES. "PARISH AND CHRISTIAN INITIATION: AN URGENT RELATIONSHIP: THE INTERDEPENDENCE BETWEEN PARISH RENEWAL AND CATECHUMEN MYSTAGOGY". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=28588@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
A presente pesquisa é um diálogo entre dois temas fundamentais e, ao mesmo tempo, desafiadores para a agenda pastoral do século XXI: iniciação à vida cristã e instituição paroquial. Iniciar na fé, em tempos do fim do cristianismo sociológico, e atrair para a vida em comunidade, quando cresce a disinstitucionalização religiosa, são tarefas nada fáceis. A Igreja vem se empenhando para responder a tais desafios. Encontrou no catecumenato a grande redescoberta pastoral para iniciar na fé. Trata-se de um caminho privilegiado de transmitir a fé, de amadurecê-la e fazê-la progredir. A pedagogia catecumenal possui características fundamentais para o amadurecimento do ser cristão, tais como a progressividade da fé, o casamento catequese-liturgia, forte densidade mistagógica e experiencial da fé, entre outras. Contudo, o catecumenato depende de renovadas estruturas eclesiais, e aqui chegamos ao paroquial, cujo cansaço institucional não vem de hoje, assim como não são de hoje as tentativas de renovação. Nossa pesquisa mostra que fundamental é perceber que iniciação cristã catecumenal e renovação paroquial não são dois temas distantes, por isso mesmo devem ser pensados conjuntamente, na certeza de que o futuro de um depende da vitalidade do outro, e vice-versa. Há entre eles uma relação muito próxima, uma feliz dependência, a qual chamamos relação dialética. A dinâmica catecumenal é fundamental não somente para a iniciação cristã, mas questiona, provoca, ilumina a conversão paroquial, e esta, à medida que se renova é decisiva para a consolidação e prática catecumenal. Portanto, trata-se de um processo relacional, de iluminação mútua. Entre novo modelo de paróquia, e consolidação da prática catecumenal, o futuro de um depende da vitalidade do outro.
This present research is a dialogue between two fundamental themes and at the same time challenging for the pastoral agenda of the XXI century: initiation into Christian life and parochial institution. Initiate faith, in the end times of sociological Christianity, and to attract community life, when growing religious disinstitutionalization, are not easy tasks. The Church has been committed to respond to these challenges. In the catechumenate, is found the great pastoral rediscovery of faith initiation. It treats a privileged way to transmit faith, ripen it and make it progress. The catechumenal pedagogy has fundamental characteristics for the maturity of the Christian being, such as the progressing of faith, the marriage catechesis- liturgy, strong mystagogic density and experiential of faith, among others. However, the catechumenate depends on renewed ecclesial structures, and here we come to the parochial level, whose institutional fatigue does not come today, as they are not today s attempts of renewals. Our research shows that fundamentally, it is seem that, the Christian Initiation catechumenal and the parochial renewal are not two distinct themes , therefore, should be thought of together, in the certainty that the future of one depends on the vitality of the other, and vice versa . There is a very close relationship between them, a happy dependency, which we call dialectical relationship. The catechumenal dynamical is essential not only for the Christian initiation, but questions, provokes, enlightens parochial conversion, and this , as it renews itself, is decisive for the consolidation and catechumenal practice. Therefore, it treats a relational process of mutual illumination. Among new model of parochial, and consolidating catechumenal practice, the future of one depends on the vitality of the other.
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Campobenedetto, Daniele. "L’Atelier Parisien d’Urbanisme tra rénovation e forma urbana (1967-1989) : il ruolo di un’agenzia pubblica nella trasformazione dello spazio urbano a Parigi : i casi delle Halles e del secteur de La Villette". Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1091.
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Entre la fin des années 1960 et les années 1980, la ville de Paris a connu à la fois une période de grande transformation urbaine et un changement dans les stratégies de cette transformation par rapport aux héroïques Trente Glorieuses. L'analyse de ces modifications architecturales et urbaines et les processus de leur mise en œuvre sont souvent basés sur le point de vue de la morphologique ou des politiques urbaines. De plus, en France, l'étude des processus de décision et des transformations urbaines relève des sciences sociales. Cela a abouti à une malheureuse séparation des approches académiques: l'une portant sur la recherche du lien entre les politiques ou les théories de la communauté architecturale et les projets, alors que l'autre considère l'espace urbain déjà transformé comme un point de départ pour l'analyse sociale. Cette recherche vise à étudier l'écart entre ces deux approches méthodologiques influentes en France dans les années 1970 et 1980, grâce à une étude dans le domaine de l'histoire urbaine. Le principal objectif de la thèse est d'explorer le rôle de l'Atelier Parisien d'Urbanisme (ci-après APUR), une entité bureaucratique chargée de tâches multiples, dans le contexte du décalage entre rénovation et forme urbaine quant à la ville de Paris. Entre 1967 et 1989, l'APUR a joué un rôle essentiel dans la traduction du passage susmentionné en termes opérationnels, en créant un lien avec les institutions qui ont le pouvoir de transformer de vastes zones de la capitale française. Cela fut possible grâce au processus de négociation entre des institutions entre elles et avec les architectes et designers urbains dans lequel APUR a joué un rôle important. Dans ce contexte, la recherche étudiera également la relation entre les références culturelles et les processus par lesquels les espaces urbains sont convertis. Deux cas d'études nous permettent d'analyser ces changements urbains et le rôle joué par l'APUR: les transformations des Halles Centrales de Paris, et les projets pour le Secteur de la Villette, en particulier ceux de la place Stalingrad (Bernard Huet, de 1985 à 1989) et le Parc de la Villette au cours du premier concours organisé par l'APUR (1976).Ces deux cas sont liés. D'une part, ils illustrent un point de vue culturel; d'autre part, ils rendent compte des processus institutionnels et politiques, montrant une transformation qui s'est produite dans toute la ville. Enfin, ils croisent la trajectoire de certains des personnages les plus emblématiques de l'architecture française de l'époque. L'un d'eux était Bernard Huet, un enseignant, théoricien, critique et concepteur qui a joué un rôle fondamental dans la définition d'un nouveau paradigme culturel. La recherche montre un changement dans le processus de transformation de l'espace urbain à Paris. Les pratiques sont passées de projets qui ont été générés par un débat animé, fortement lié aux sciences sociales contemporaines françaises, à une normalisation successive des projets urbains et d'un imaginaire urbain ainsi qu'à une légitimation culturelle de l'APUR. Le rôle crucial de l'APUR dans les deux cas d'études est analysé en comparant les archives de l'Atelier, celles des architectes impliqués dans les projets urbains ainsi que les fonds ministériels et présidentiels. Les sources orales sont limitées à un rôle de contrôle. Enfin ce travail vise à mettre en évidence le processus de « faire la ville » en soulignant le rôle d'une bureaucratie publique dans les transformations urbaines qui mènent, entre 1967 et 1989,à la conception contemporaine de la ville de ParisBetween the end of the 1960s and the 1980s, the city of Paris faced a period of extensive urban transformation and a change in the strategies of this transformation at the same time, in comparison with the heroic Trente Glorieuses. The analysis of these architectural and urban changes and the processes of implementation, are often based on a morphological or a policiy-oriented perspective. Moreover, in France, the study of decision-making processes and urban transformation falls within the scope of social sciences. This has resulted in an unfortunate separation of academic approaches: one focusing on finding the link between the theories of the architectural community or policies and the projects, while the other taking the already transformed urban space as a starting point for social analysis. This research aims to investigate the gap between these two methodological approaches, both influential in France during the 1970s and 1980s, through an urban history-oriented study. The main goal of the thesis is to explore the role of the Atelier Parisien d'Urbanisme (hereafter APUR), a bureaucratic entity charged of several different tasks, within the shift from urban renovation to urban form, concerning the city of Paris.Between 1967 and 1989, the APUR had an essential part in translating the aforementioned shift into operative terms, in connection with those institutions that had the power to transform large areas of the French capital. This was possible thanks to a negotiation process involving different institutions , as well as architects and urban designers, in which APUR took a major role. In this context the research will also investigate the relationship between the cultural references and the processes through which urban spaces have been converted. Two case studies allow an analysis of these urban changes and of the role played by the APUR: the transformations of the Halles Centrales of Paris, and the projects for the secteur de la Villette, especially those for Place Stalingrad (Bernard Huet, 1985-89) and Parc de la Villette during the first competition organized by APUR (1976).These two cases are intertwined. On one hand, they illustrate a cultural point of view; on the other hand, they give an account of institutional and political processes, showing a transformation that occurred throughout the whole city. Finally, they cross the trajectory of some of the most emblematic figures in French architecture at that time. One of them was Bernard Huet, a teacher, theorist, critic and designer who played an fundamental role in the definition of a new cultural paradigm. The research shows a change in the process of transformation of urban space in Paris. The practices shifted from projects which were generated through vivid debate, strongly linked to contemporary French social sciences, to a later standardization of urban projects and urban imaginaire and a cultural legitimation of APUR. The central role of APUR in the two case studies is analysed by comparing the Atelier's archives, the ones of the architects involved in the urban projects as well as the ministerial and presidential ones. Oral sources are restricted to a control role. In the end this work aims to highlight the process of city-making trough the role of a public bureaucracy within urban transformations: an active contribution which led, between 1967 and 1989, to the definition of the contemporary conception of the city of Paris