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1
Landau, Norma. "The Regulation of Immigration, Economic Structures and Definitions of the Poor in Eighteenth-Century England". Historical Journal 33, nr 3 (wrzesień 1990): 541–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00013522.
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In the eighteenth century, parish officers used the laws of settlement to regulate the immigration of the poor to their parishes. Their regulation went well beyond ridding their parishes of indigent immigrants. Parish officers monitored the immigration of the non-indigent poor; they insured that their parishes acquired the documents which guaranteed that a poor immigrant would not become the responsibility of the parish to which he had immigrated; and they even removed non-indigent immigrants from their parishes, using their parishes' funds to pay for sending these immigrants back to the parishes which were legally responsible for their welfare.1 To the modern observer, such regulation of migration from one parish to another may seem odd, so odd that some historians have assumed that this regulatory activity did not occur.2 Obviously, then, the parishes' regulation of immigration was part of a world now lost. Regulation of immigration by parish officers disappeared in 1795, when parliament abolished the legal foundations for this practice.3 In detective stories, discovery of the circumstances and implications of a disappearance reveals the structure of the world in which it occurred. So may it be with the regulation of immigration.
2
Žilys, Saulius. "Parishes Registers and Lists of Parishes Residents in the Wróblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences: Genesis and Confessional Singularity". Bibliotheca Lituana 2 (25.10.2012): 123–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/bibllita.2012.2.15583.
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The article treats baptismal, matrimonial and death parish registers in 17th–20th centuries, also lists of confirmees and lists of converts to Roman Catholic Church or Orthodox Church, lists of parishes and parishes’ residents of territories in Lithuania, Belarus, Poland and East Prussia. Manuscript materials used in article belong to various Christian and non-Christian confessions: Roman Catholic, orthodox, uniate, evangelical reformers, evangelical Lutheran, Karaite, Jew/Hebrew, Tartar. The article treats origin of parishes’ registers chronology, how parishes’ registers were written, and which information was in them also defines confessional singularity. Focus on 17th–18th century parishes registers – mostly Roman Catholic.Church parishes registers at first were started to write in Italy (1396) and in Provence. The Council of Trent of Roman Catholic Church in 1563 obligated fill in baptismal and matrimonial parish registers, ordinary “Rituale romanorum” in 1614 obligated to fill in death registers and lists of parishes residents. Filling of parishes registers in Roman Catholic and Protestant churches became overall in 17th century, in Orthodox and Uniate churches – in 18th century. The first information about parishes’ registers in Lithuania was introduced in visiting-round of Samogitia bishop in 1579, but the oldest known parish register is baptismal register of Joniškis church and it begins in 1599.The article treats evolution of parishes’ registers in Lithuania. Noticeable that death registers were started to fill only in 17th century and involved only part of departed.
3
KING, STEVE. "‘It is impossible for our Vestry to judge his case into perfection from here’: Managing the Distance Dimensions of Poor Relief, 1800–40". Rural History 16, nr 2 (12.09.2005): 161–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793305001469.
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This article addresses the way in which officials in the last decades of the Old Poor Law thought about and addressed the problems posed to the poor relief process by the migration of paupers. Focusing on the so called out-parish relief system, the article uses rich overseer correspondence and supplementary pauper letters from the northwest of England to explore several key themes in the period 1800–1840: the nature of money transmission where allowances had to be paid at a distance, issues of administrative competence and incompetence, the nature of relationships between parishes and between parishes and their distant poor under the out-parish relief system, and issues of trust and reputation between parishes and between parishes and paupers. The article will show that the out-parish system was vital to the stability of the Old Poor Law and that its apparent fragility and susceptibility to fraud and mistrust is to some extent belied by the fact that robust and long term relationships developed between parishes under the out-parish system.
4
Sarafanov, D. E., i V. N. Ilyin. "The Territory of the Factory Parishes of the Barnaul Ecclesiastical Government in the Second Half of the 18th — Early 19th Centuries". Izvestiya of Altai State University, nr 3(125) (12.07.2022): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/izvasu(2022)3-04.
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The article analyzes the number and composition of the factory parishes’ settlements of the Barnaul ecclesiastical government in the second half of the 18th — early 19th centuries. It is concluded that the parish territories were not stable. In 1750-1760 there was a process of settlements redistribution between parishes. This was due to the formation of factory churches network. In subsequent times, the boundaries of the parishes changed due to the emergence of new settlements in the study area. At the end of the period under study, the largest number of settlements was in the Vvedensky parish of the Novo-Pavlovsk plant (46), the second in terms of indicator was the Voskresensky parish of the Kolyvan plant (30). The remaining churches had a smaller number of settlements, comparable to each other (12-14).
It was revealed that most factory parishes were "formed" by two types of settlements: factory towns and villages. However, in the 1750s there was not a single rural settlement in the Peter and Paul parish of Barnaul, there were only residents of the factory. The Voskresensky parish of the Kolyvansky plant differed significantly in composition. It included the population of the factory, villages, mines and military fortifications (redoubts, outposts). The identified list of settlements will allow to build topologically correct territories of parishes using GIS tools in the future.
5
Przywara, Barbara, Andrzej Adamski, Andrzej Kiciński, Marcin Szewczyk i Anna Jupowicz-Ginalska. "Online Live-Stream Broadcasting of the Holy Mass during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland as an Example of the Mediatisation of Religion: Empirical Studies in the Field of Mass Media Studies and Pastoral Theology". Religions 12, nr 4 (8.04.2021): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12040261.
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The main aim of the paper is to discuss the scale and nature of the practice of transmitting Holy Mass by parishes of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland through online live-streaming in spring 2020. The authors analyse these issues in a multifaceted and interdisciplinary way, mainly within the framework of communication and media studies and theology. The methodology of the paper combines practical theology (its four stages: “see-judge-act-review”), scientific methods applicable to social studies (especially social communication and media studies and sociological studies), and the technical aspect of communication activities (in the form of live video streaming) performed by parishes on the Internet. As it turns out, 40.8% of Polish parishes carried out online Mass broadcasts. In most cases, the main sources of broadcast signal were YouTube (18.9%) and Facebook (18.7%), while less than 5% of the parishes conducted technically independent broadcasts. The research showed a statistically significant correlation between online Mass broadcasting and the region of Poland. There was a statistically significant difference between the parish size and Mass broadcasting—the larger the parish, the more often such activities were performed; a similar correlation was observed between urban and rural parishes. Research has shown that in the dioceses where bishops directly encouraged parish priests to broadcast from their parishes, the average percentage of broadcasts was higher (46%) than in those in which there were no such incentives (38%). There was a statistically significant relationship between having a website and conducting online Mass broadcasting. Similarly, there was a statistically significant relationship between the type of parish (conventual–diocesan) and online Mass broadcasting. Conventual parishes did this much more often than diocesan ones (68.6% and 38.9% respectively).
6
Vale, Sofia, i Felipa de Mello-Sampayo. "Effect of Hierarchical Parish System on Portuguese Housing Rents". Sustainability 13, nr 2 (6.01.2021): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020455.
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This manuscript analyzes an inter-parish housing rents gradient with respect to surrounding parishes. Using data on housing rents for 4049 Portuguese parishes in 278 municipalities, the paper explores the spatial patterns of housing rents using the geographically weighted regression (GWR) methodology. The housing rents can be explained by socio-economic factors comprising the effects of unemployment, sustainability, social diversity, elderly dependency, and population density. The proportion of overcrowded dwellings reflecting how poor living conditions affect housing rents was also included in the spatial analysis. On the structural side, characteristics of the dwellings were also included such as the area of the home and the number of other homes available in the parishes. Locational factors reflect households’ valuation for access to other parishes. In order to capture location characteristics, besides considering mobility within municipalities, the GWR allowed using distances to nearby parishes, i.e., parish hierarchy distance effect. The results suggest that the Portuguese rental housing market exhibits a heterogeneous pattern across the territory, displaying spatial variability and a hierarchical space pattern as a consequence of its locational attributes.
7
Guzewicz, Wojciech W. "Z ZAGADNIEŃ ADMINISTRACJI KOŚCIELNEJ. STATUS I TRANSLOKATY REZYDENTÓW W DIECEZJI EŁCKIEJ W LATACH 1992–2017". Civitas et Lex 17, nr 1 (30.03.2018): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/cetl.2488.
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The article discusses the administrative changes concerning parish priests in the dioceseof Ełk in the years 1992–2017, ie in the first 25 years of its functioning. The information gatheredincluded nearly half a thousand names of priests and 150 parishes. The proposed changes onlyincluded parishes led by diocesan priests.
8
Connor, Dilece, i Andrew Hinde. "Mortality in Town and Countryside in Early Modern England". Local Population Studies, nr 89 (31.12.2012): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.35488/lps89.2012.54.
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In this paper we test two hypotheses about mortality in early modern England: (1) that market towns had more frequent and more severe mortality crises than rural parishes; and (2) that the underlying level of mortality in market towns was higher than that in rural parishes. The data consist of annual burial totals for ten pairs of parishes, each consisting of one market town and a nearby rural parish, drawn from counties in all parts of England between the sixteenth and the early nineteenth centuries. Mortality crises are identified and their severity measured using a Poisson model, which has the advantage that it can be applied both to small and large parishes without the need for ad hoc adjustments or rules. The results show clearly that mortality crises were more frequent and severe in market towns than in rural parishes, a pattern which would be predicted by epidemiological theory. The evidence that underlying mortality in market towns was higher than that in rural parishes is not as clear cut, though there is a tendency for market towns to record higher levels.
9
HINDLE, STEVE. "POWER, POOR RELIEF, AND SOCIAL RELATIONS IN HOLLAND FEN, c. 1600–1800". Historical Journal 41, nr 1 (marzec 1998): 67–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x97007656.
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In a recent contribution to the debate over the operational significance of the Old Poor Law, Peter Solar has argued that ‘the local financing of poor relief gave English property owners, individually and collectively, a direct pecuniary interest in ensuring that the parish's demographic and economic development was balanced’. His survey of the implications of the attempt to maintain this equilibrium, however, fails to take account of the social and political relationships between rate-payers, rate-receivers, and parish officers. In seeking to integrate considerations of power into the analysis of the relief of the poor, by contrast, this paper locates social welfare provision in the context of the authority structures of several parishes in Holland Fen (Lincolnshire) over the course of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It emphasizes the role of the parish vestry in regulating and relieving the poor; demonstrates the extraordinary scale of poor relief in the local context; and argues that even in the open parishes of the Lincolnshire fenland, hostility to poor migrants could be marked, resulting even in the prohibition of the marriages of the poor. The politics of the poor rate implied the exclusion of poor strangers in the interests of relieving the ancient settled poor.
10
Sugiyana Sugiyana. "PENERAPAN TEORI PEMBANGUNAN JEMAAT DALAM PEDOMAN DASAR PELAYANAN PASTORAL PAROKI KEUSKUPAN AGUNG SEMARANG". PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL PENDIDIKAN DAN AGAMA 3, nr 2 (28.11.2022): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/semnaspa.v3i2.139.
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The Semarang Archdiocese has developed a pastoral guideline for parishes in the Semarang Archdiocese. These guidelines are the Basic Guidelines for Parish Pastoral Services. This manual was prepared as part of the parish development effort. The pastoral guidelines contain a description of the parish, parish pastoral ministries with all their roles and duties, institutional structure and forms of coordination, service mechanisms and various supports and other facilities. What underlies the preparation of these guidelines? What factors are included in the guideline? Does the selection of these factors take into account the theory of church building? From research using a literature approach, the results show that the preparation of the guidelines has a theoretical framework for church development. The five factors contained in Jan Hendriks' Congregational Development theory are contained and well developed in the Basic Guidelines for Parish Pastoral Services. The guidelines contain a positive climate, leadership, structure, goals and tasks as well as self-concept. If these guidelines are followed properly, parishes can develop into vital and attractive parishes, where people participate happily and with benefit for themselves and for the congregation.
11
Stockiy, Yaroslav. "Methodological peculiarities of study of polyvector history of parishes, monasteries and eparchies of Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church". Ukrainian Religious Studies, nr 71-72 (4.11.2014): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2014.71-72.443.
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Jaroslav Stotskyi. Methodological peculiarities of study of polyvector history of parishes, monasteries and eparchies of Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. The article reveals investigation methodology of history of eparchy main activity constituents, namely history of establishment, development, integral parts of eparchy transformations – parishes, monasteries, parish communities, brotherhoods, catechetic processes, monastery religious and social institutions etc.
12
Kalinina, Olga Vladimirovna. "«Half-believers» Parishes of Pskov Eparchy: From History of Seto Folk Parishes". Исторический журнал: научные исследования, nr 4 (kwiecień 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0609.2022.4.38395.
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The subject of this research is history of parishes in the Pskov-Pechorsky Region related with Seto folk. Historical area of this small Finno-Ugric ethnic group embraces modern territory of the Pechorsky District and south-eastern parts of Estonia. Seto are Orthodox Christians and Russians call them poluvertsi (half-believers). Seto culture is usually seen in isolation from established parish system in the borderland of the Pskov-Pechorsky Region and Estonia. The author of article aims to trace principal changes of Seto church life in conditions of constantly shifting state affiliation and political regimes from late XIX century to present time. The source base of research are press materials, published testimonies of eyewitnesses, documents of the State Archive of Pskov Oblast (GAPO) and information gathered by author in ethnographic expeditions of 2007-2017. The research applies historical-comparative and ethnographic methods. The article reveals involvement of Seto in parish life at different stages of their history. Due to their ignorance of Russian language, they couldn’t participate consciously in church services and were involved in Estonian language environment in the period of their incorporation in the Estonian Republic in 1920-1940s. In Soviet period they insisted on their right for independent “Estonian” parish. Today in Russia Seto are included in Russian-speaking church environment and in Estonia parish life. The article emphasizes the role of parish clergymen in establishment of Seto parishes. It puts in academic researches new data about the Soviet period of the Pskov Eparchy i.e. the practice of bilingual Church services in mixed Russian-Estonian parishes. Finally author comes to conclusion about construction of Seto ethno-confessional identity in dependence of political interests of Russia and Estonia in XX-XXI cc. which eventually influenced their culture.
13
Spjut, Lina, i Fredrik Olsson Spjut. "Folkskoleväsende och industrialisering i Norra Sverige: Relationer mellan Olofsfors järnbruk och Nordmaling socken vid organiseringen av folkskoleväsendet i 1800-talets decentraliserade skolsystem". Nordic Journal of Educational History 10, nr 1 (28.02.2023): 65–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36368/njedh.v10i1.301.
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Mass-Schooling and pre-industrialisation in Northern Sweden: Relations between Olofsfors Ironworks and Nordmaling parish in the organization of Elementary schools in the 19th century decentralized school system. From the mid-nineteenth century, Sweden went through a transformation from an agricultural to an industrial society which led to new demands on the parishes. With the First Elementary School Act in 1842, Sweden’s school system was formalised. The decentralised system formed by the First Elementary School Act, stated that every parish should establish at least one school in every parish. At this time, half of Sweden’s parishes already had some form of public schools, which were run by parishes, private organisations, donations, or pre-industrial companies, as for example Ironworks. Regardless of who ran the school, the parish was responsible and were the one who would report school results to the bishop’s office, so the relationship between the private actor and the parish was important. In this article we study how the relationship between Olofsfors Ironwork and the local parish, Nordmaling developed during the nineteenth century, and how these turbulent times affected the relationship. This is discussed in relation to earlier research and has been analysed through discourse analysis.
14
Różański, Ks Mieczysław. "Patronat parafii w dekanacie szadkowskim w drugiej połowie XVIII w." Biuletyn Szadkowski 10 (30.12.2010): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1643-0700.10.05.
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The right of patronage in Church law was understood as a set of rights and responsibilities with regard to a benefice. As benefices were mostly located on the founder’s estate, it became customary that the owner (or owners) of the locality where the parish church was situated was the parish patron. A major visible element of exercising the right of patronage was presentation to the bishop of clergymen to be considered for granting vacant benefices. Of the 19 parishes existing in Szadek decanate in the first half of the 16th century, two churches had royal patronage, six – ecclesiastical, and the most of them (11) had noblemen as patrons. In the second half of the 18th century the number of parishes in the decanate reached 27 as a result of further foundations by members of the nobility. The article presents, on the basis of available sources, the patrons of the parishes as in the second half of the 18th century.
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Reynolds, Susan Bigelow. "Fieldwork in Ecclesial Borderlands". Exchange 48, nr 3 (19.07.2019): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1572543x-12341527.
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Abstract Roman Catholic parishes in the United States are steadily becoming more diverse. This article examines St. Mary of the Angels, a small, urban, economically marginal, highly diverse Roman Catholic parish in Boston, as a case study in the question of how researchers might approach the tension between cultural dynamism and structural stability at the heart of multiethnic parish life. Attending to the ways in which parishioners articulated their decisions to belong to St. Mary’s, I demonstrate how their renegotiation of the relationship between parish, place, and belonging reflects broader dynamics underway in U.S. Catholicism. I propose the metaphor of the ecclesial borderland as lens through which to interpret parishes where multiple cultural subcommunities coexist and converge.
16
Slater, Michael J. "Cross-Correlation of Numbers of Baptisms and Burials in Sixteenth-Century Parish Registers: an Exploratory Analysis". Roger Schofield, 1937-2019, nr 105 (31.12.2020): 120–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35488/lps105.2020.120.
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In order to estimate life expectancy at birth for a single parish the statistical technique of cross-correlation has been applied to parish register data. Two adjacent ancient parishes of Giggleswick and Horton in Ribblesdale, both now in North Yorkshire, and five other parishes for comparison, have been studied, mainly for the period of Elizabeth I. Estimates of life expectancy may further be used to estimate population sizes. Life expectancy in Giggleswick was in the low 30s and for Horton parish was 20 to 30 years. Populations of about 1400 and 400 to 700 respectively are calculated. Credible results are also found for Colyton (Devon), Odiham (Hampshire), Oswaldkirk (North Yorkshire), Shepshed (Leicestershire) and Southill (Bedfordshire) for which parish registers from 1538 and 1541 are available and for which other studies have been made.
17
Robert, Marie-Hélène. "Catholic Responses to the Vulnerability of the French Parish Church: Continuities, Disruptions and Hopes". Mission Studies 37, nr 3 (16.12.2020): 435–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733831-12341740.
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Abstract Parishes in France, especially in rural areas, seem to have difficulties in existing, renewing themselves, and being missionaries in the 21st Century. To address this challenge, some of these parishes are developing original initiatives emerging from the laity that are generating new movements. We will describe some examples of these initiatives and analyze the ecclesiological issues in three directions. The laity can exercise their charisms in movements, parishes, professional, or family settings. The ordained ministries are gifts of God, uncompetitive, and articulated to each other by the Holy Spirit in the aim of communion. The parish is a central and singular locus but it is neither isolated nor exclusive, but rather in relation to other ecclesial places or mission territories.
18
Bergonse, Rafaello, Sandra Oliveira, Pedro Santos i José Luís Zêzere. "Wildfire Risk Levels at the Local Scale: Assessing the Relative Influence of Hazard, Exposure, and Social Vulnerability". Fire 5, nr 5 (14.10.2022): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire5050166.
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Wildfire risk assessment provides important tools to fire management, by analysing and aggregating information regarding multiple, interactive dimensions. The three main risk dimensions hazard, exposure and vulnerability, the latter considered in its social dimension, were quantified separately at the local scale for 972 civil parishes in central mainland Portugal and integrated into a wildfire risk index. The importance of each component in the level of risk varied, as assessed by a cluster analysis that established five different groups of parishes, each with a specific profile regarding the relative importance of each dimension. The highest values of wildfire risk are concentrated in the centre-south sector of the study area, with high-risk parishes also dispersed in the northeast. Wildfire risk level is dominated by the hazard component in 52% of the parishes, although with contrasting levels of magnitude. Exposure and social vulnerability dominate together in 32% of the parishes, with the latter being the main risk driver in only 17%. The proposed methodology allows for an integrated, multilevel assessment of wildfire risk, facilitating the effective allocation of resources and the adjustment of risk reduction policies to the specific reality in each parish that results from distinct combinations of the wildfire risk dimensions.
19
Sarafanov, D. E. "Urban and Rural Population in the Barnaul Parishes in the Second Half of the 18th - 19th Centuries". Izvestiya of Altai State University, nr 5(115) (30.11.2020): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/izvasu(2020)5-06.
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The article focuses on the analysis of the size of Orthodox parishes in Barnaul as well as the dynamics of the proportion of urban and rural population in the second half of the 18th - 19th centuries. It is concluded that there were four Orthodox parishes in Barnaul. By the end of the 18th century, the population of 24 villages was attributed to them, from 1808 - 29, by the mid-20s of the 19th century the parish territory reached its maximum size and included 33 villages. The population of rural areas in urban parishes increased during the first half of the 19th century. The indicator reached its maximum values by 1846 (51.6%). The increase was associated both with an increase in the number of villages assigned to the churches of Barnaul, and with an increase in the number of inhabitants in them. Since the end of the 1840s, with the beginning of active church building in Altai, the “area” and the number of rural population in urban parishes began to decline. The urban population was unevenly distributed between parishes. The proportion of the townspeople of the Peter and Paul Church among other parishes of Barnaul until 1860 was more than 70%, later it decreased to 34%. The clergy, built in the 1860s of the Intercession Church, "served" an average of 32% of the city's population. In the first half of the 19th century, 17% and 9% of the townspeople were assigned to the Zakharievskaya and Odigitrievskaya churches. In subsequent years, the figures were 27% and 7%.
20
Greenhow, Prisca. "A Comparison of Poor Relief in Norfolk and Huntingdonshire". Local Population Studies, nr 104 (30.06.2020): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35488/lps104.2020.24.
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This paper is an examination of poor relief practice in the parish of Mattishall, Norfolk, in the first two decades of the eighteenth century, and a comparison of Mattishall with four parishes in Huntingdonshire. The main conclusion is that, unusually for a lowland parish, Mattishall kept a very tight rein on the amount of poor relief disbursed, not allowing it to rise even at times of economic hardship. Other parishes allowed the amount paid to increase, usually by paying wage subsidies or supplementary relief and thereby bringing a large proportion of the workforce within the ambit of the Poor Law, or more rarely by effectively replacing all income for a section of the working-age population.
21
Kolar, Bogdan. "Basic Characteristics of the Development of Organisational Structures of the Catholic Church in Slovenia". Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 6, nr 1 (30.09.2009): 3–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/30.
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Different organisational structures of the Catholic Church in Slovenia were a reflection of the circumstances in the Christian community in the Central European region. Being a basic structure, a diocese has existed since the antique period. The diocese is a religious community with a centre in a large settlement (civitas). With the spread of Christianity into the rural areas and into the peasant environment, parishes began to come into existence. In historiography, the terms 'primitive parishes' began to be used to refer to the oldest parishes. They were characterised by their vastness. The number of primitive parishes increased in the 12th century. Due to remoteness of diocesan centres from the communities in rural areas and because of the inability of bishops to be in touch with the priests in rural areas, intermediate stages of organisation were coming into existence during centuries, i.e., archdeaconries and deaneries at some places. Some important changes occurred in the operation of the Catholic Church and in its organisation in Slovenia during the years after the Second World War. New parishes were established. The change of the state boundaries required changing the diocesan boundaries. Finally, the creation of the independent state of the Republic of Slovenia required a new setting up of the pastoral work and a new territorial organisation of dioceses.
KEY WORDS: • Slovenia • Catholic Church • metropolis • diocese • archdeaconry • deanery • parish
22
Razzell, Peter. "Infant Mortality in London, 1538–1850: a Methodological Study". Local Population Studies, nr 87 (31.12.2011): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.35488/lps87.2011.45.
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A review of evidence on infant mortality derived from the London bills of mortality and parish registers indicates that there were major registration problems throughout the whole of the parish register period. One way of addressing these problems is to carry out reconstitution studies of individual London parishes, but there are a number of problems with reconstitution methodology, including the traffic in corpses between parishes both inside and outside of London and the negligence of clergymen in registering both baptisms and burials. In this paper the triangulation of sources has been employed to measure the adequacy of burial registration, including the comparison of data from bills of mortality, parish registers and probate returns, as well as the use of the same-name technique. This research indicates that between 20 and 40 per cent of burials went unregistered in London during the parish register period.
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Burgess, Clive, i Beat Kümin. "Penitential Bequests and Parish Regimes in Late Medieval England". Journal of Ecclesiastical History 44, nr 4 (październik 1993): 610–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900077824.
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The orthodoxy which dismissed the pre-Reformation parish as the point where the many failings of the Church met to blight ordinary lives has exercised a tenacious grip on the historical imagination. Current opinion, on the other hand, perceives the parish as deserving of inquiry, not least because of a dawning realisation that it was a point where managerial expertise and a noteworthy buoyancy of spirit intersected. Ostentatious programmes of church rebuilding and embellishment testify both to competence and to a vitality bordering on exuberance in many parish communities. If more difficult to appraise, the liturgical life of many parishes seems to have flourished and was enhanced by the steady accumulation of vessels, vestments, lights, embroidered cloths and painted images. Many wealthier parishes also supported numerous auxiliary clergy and a sophisticated musical repertory and performance. But building and liturgical elaboration were not products merely of whim. In addition to an obligation to support the incumbent by regular payment of tithe, responsibility for maintaining church fabric and the wherewithal for worship within the church had been assigned to the parish community by canon law in the thirteenth century. Many parishes conspicuously exceeded their brief. In matters of securing revenues it seem at the very least safe to assume widespred competence. Historians, however, have by and large failed to respond to the laity's achievement and that in spite of abundant surviving documentation. Investigation of the financial regime of the late medieval parish is long overdue. If it has received any attention at all, parish finance has been charaterised in very general terms of corporate levy and ad hoc donation.
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Braun, Sebastian Till, i Richard Franke. "Railways, Growth, and Industrialization in a Developing German Economy, 1829–1910". Journal of Economic History 82, nr 4 (grudzień 2022): 1183–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050722000377.
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This paper studies the average and heterogeneous effects of railway access on parish-level population, income, and industrialization in Württemberg during the Industrial Revolution. We show that the growth-enhancing effect of the railway was much greater in parishes that were larger and more industrial at the outset. However, such early industrial parishes were rare in the relatively poor German state. This might explain why we find small average growth effects, which only increase at the end of the nineteenth century. Heterogeneity in the impact of the railway thus increased economic disparities within Württemberg and contributed to the state’s relatively sluggish growth.
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Köllner, Tobias. "Businessmen, Priests and Parishes". Archives de sciences sociales des religions, nr 162 (1.07.2013): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/assr.25037.
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Coriden, James A. "Enduring Parishes, Emerging Ministries". Jurist: Studies in Church Law and Ministry 69, nr 2 (2009): 731–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jur.2009.0020.
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Holston, Denise, Matthew Greene i Jessica Stroope. "Perceptions of the Local Food Environment and Experiences with Food Access Among Low Income Rural Louisiana Residents". Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (29.05.2020): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa043_054.
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Abstract Objectives The purpose of this exploratory study was to describe perceptions of the local food environment and factors related to food access among low-income residents in rural, high-poverty parishes (counties) in Louisiana. Methods Data were primarily collected from four focus group discussions (FGD). Participants were low-income residents of high poverty, rural parishes and participating in at least one public assistance program. Subjects provided consent and completed a food access survey prior to participation. The FGD questions were based on rural food access literature and study objectives. During the FGD, participants were asked about their perceptions of the local food environment and local food access, how they acquired food, barriers to food access and possible solutions to address perceived barriers. FGD were transcribed verbatim and coded and themed by independent coders. Results 24 low-income adults participated in the FGD. 96% of participants were Black and 25% were male. Almost half (42%) reported not having enough food per month and 62% (n = 15) reported running out of food before the end of the month. Almost all participants reported that price was the most important factor when shopping for food. The majority of participants, especially in 2 parishes, thought the cost of food was too high at stores within the parish. Barriers to access to foods included cost, transportation, and not having enough benefits or money to cover monthly food costs. The majority of participants, especially in 2 parishes, traveled 30 or more miles to grocery stores for perceived reasonable prices and quality food. Transportation for monthly shopping trips came at a price of $10–$40 per trip. Participants in one isolated parish traveled to other parishes for specific items. Participants reported shopping at 2–4 stores monthly based on sales. Participant- derived solutions to food access were few but included locally owned grocery stores and local, public transit to foods stores for better prices. Conclusions Food access for low-income individuals living in rural locations is complex and contributes to food insecurity observed in this population. Public transit to grocery stores with low prices may be a solution to food access challenges in rural areas. Funding Sources Centers for Disease Control NU58DP006570.
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DYSON, RICHARD. "The extent and nature of pauperism in five Oxfordshire parishes, 1786–1832". Continuity and Change 28, nr 3 (27.11.2013): 421–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416013000374.
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This article examines the nature of pauperism in the south and east of England during the time of the Old Poor Law by using census material from five predominately rural parishes in Oxfordshire between 1786 and 1832. The proportion of people receiving poor relief was calculated for each parish, together with the types of people receiving such relief. While pauperism was significant in some parishes, others had relatively low levels of people receiving relief, and groups of poor hit by traditional life-cycle poverty were still common. Previous notions of widespread pauperism in the south and east during this period may thus need to be revised, with greater acknowledgement of the influence of local factors.
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Allen, Jennifer Dacey, Rachel C. Shelton, Lindsay Kephart, Laura S. Tom, Bryan Leyva, Hosffman Ospino i Adolfo G. Cuevas. "Examining the external validity of the CRUZA study, a randomized trial to promote implementation of evidence-based cancer control programs by faith-based organizations". Translational Behavioral Medicine 10, nr 1 (29.11.2018): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tbm/iby099.
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Abstract The CRUZA trial tested the efficacy of an organizational-level intervention to increase capacity among Catholic parishes to implement evidence-based interventions (EBIs) for cancer control. This paper examines the external generalizability of the CRUZA study findings by comparing characteristics of parishes that agreed to participate in the intervention trial versus those that declined participation. Sixty-five Roman Catholic parishes that offered Spanish-language mass in Massachusetts were invited to complete a four-part survey assessing organization-level characteristics that, based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), may be associated with EBI implementation. Forty-nine parishes (75%) completed the survey and were invited to participate in the CRUZA trial, which randomized parishes to either a “capacity enhancement intervention” or a “standard dissemination” group. Of these 49 parishes, 31 (63%) agreed to participate in the trial, whereas 18 parishes (37%) declined participation. Parishes that participated in the CRUZA intervention trial were similar to those that did not participate with respect to “inner organizational setting” characteristics of the CFIR, including innovation and values fit, implementation climate, and organizational culture. Change commitment, a submeasure of organizational readiness that reflects the shared resolve of organizational members to implement an innovation, was significantly higher among the participating parishes (mean = 3.93, SD = 1.08) as compared to nonparticipating parishes (mean = 3.27, SD = 1.08) (Z = −2.16, p = .03). Parishes that agreed to participate in the CRUZA intervention trial were similar to those that declined participation with regard to organizational characteristics that may predict implementation of EBIs. Pragmatic tools to assess external generalizability in community-based implementation trials and to promote readiness among faith-based organizations to implement EBIs are needed to enhance the reach and impact of public health research. Clinical Trial information: The CRUZA trial identifier number with clinicaltrials.gov is NCT01740219.
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LEVENE, ALYSA. "Poor families, removals and ‘nurture’ in late Old Poor Law London". Continuity and Change 25, nr 2 (sierpień 2010): 233–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416010000172.
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ABSTRACTThe consideration of the removals aspect of settlement law – that is, the moving on of paupers or potential paupers to the parish where they ‘belonged’ – has focused almost exclusively on working-age adults and labour migration. This article focuses on how removal law affected families with children in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries in two large London parishes. It finds that children were a sizeable presence among the removed population but that there were notable differences in family type between the two parishes. Furthermore, while most young children were kept with their mothers even if they did not share a settlement, others were removed alone, even after a change in settlement law in 1795 that should have assured their common claim in certain cases. The study sheds light on attitudes to poor children and their families, as well as on the exigencies brought about by economic circumstances and employment opportunities in the parish.
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Suslova, Evgeniia. "The traditional territorial structure of Andoma parish in Olonets uyezd in the first half of the 18th century". St.Tikhons' University Review 106 (30.06.2022): 44–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturii2022106.44-61.
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The article investigates the specific features in the territorial structure of the church parish on the Andoma pogost district of the Olonets uyezd during the first half of the 18th century. The set problem has not been the subject of close analysis in the historiography yet. Approving the idea that the parish on the North-West of Russia was coherent with the small district (volost’) in 17—18th centuries, emphasizing the unity of the parish, scientists mainly focused on the problem of identifying the general features of the parish and on classification of parishes. The study is based on a comparative analysis of data that were fixed in the reports of the local priests in 1708 and confessional records in 1769. The reconstruction of the grid of all mentioned in the sources villages were used for visualizing the groups of villages, inhabitants of which belonged to different parts of the parish. The revealing data as well as the reconstruction of peculiarities how the clergy was attached to one or another church and how the staff of the clergy was divided into two parts allow us to conclude that the church parish of the Andoma pogost district had significantly more complicated structure, especially in comparative with the structure of church parishes of not very vast districts (volosts). According to tradition the parish was divided into two parts for regulating mechanism of material support of the clergy, distributing obligations among them and satisfaction spiritual needs of the laity. Both parts of the parish had a significant degree of self-dependence: each had its own church, own clergy that was included in the common clergy staff (shtat), and the strictly geographically localized group of villages. The stable using of archaic practices in the territorial organization of the parish during the first half of the 18th century suggests that the local community managed to adapt them to the newly approved legislative principles, aimed at unifying and enlarging church parishes. This was largely possible as the state and church policy took into account archaic traditions of local communities and was aimed on results in the long term.
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Kozhevnikova, Yulia N. "Material support of the parish clergy of the Kola North in the last third of 19th century". Transactions of the Kоla Science Centre. Series: Natural Sciences and Humanities 1, nr 1/22 (28.12.2022): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2949-1185.2022.1.1.012.
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The article deals with the little-studied question of the financial situation of the rural clergy of the Kola North in the last third of the XIX century, in other words, after the introduction in 1873 of a new staffing list of parish churches in the region. The main source of information for the study was the clear sheets for 1884, which had not been previously involved by researchers. They were preserved in the fund of the Third Deanery District of the Kemsky uezd (county) of the Arkhangelsk province, which then included parishes located on the Karelian and Tersk shores of the White Sea. The main sources of income of local clergy are determined; information on the state salary of the white clergy is analyzed; the degree of security of clerics with different lands is revealed. Based on the revealed data, it is concluded that there is a significant difference in the welfare of individual parishes of the Kola North. Special attention is paid to the housing problem that existed in almost all parishes and significantly complicated the daily life of priests and clergymen.
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Darcviev, Anzor V. "A Brief Essay on the History of the Lisri Parish of the Vladikavkaz Diocese". Vestnik of North Ossetian State University, nr 4 (25.12.2022): 28–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/1994-7720-2022-4-28-43.
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The article researches the history of the Orthodox parish of the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the mountain village of Lisri. In late 19th/early 20th century . Russian Orthodox Church was very active in terms of missionary, cultural and educational work in the mountain parishes of Ossetia. For well-known reasons, this activity and its results had not been investigated for a while, resulting in a gap in the historiography of the region, and now it is crucial to fill it in. The novelty of the study consists in the wording of the problem: the object of the study is an Orthodox parish as a grass-roots structural unit of the church, while clergymen’s personalities are reserarched through the prism of the history of the parish they served in. In addition, the fact of the existence of the Lisri parish has not been reflected in any scientific work on the history of Christianity in Ossetia and has been traced back basing on documents that had not been researched for a long time. The objective of the work was to study the history of the development of one of the major Orthodox parishes in the mountainous part of Ossetia. The identities of priests and church servants from the parish of the Uspensky church at different times were identified based on on archive materials, and their activity aimed at the promotion of the Lisri parish was shown. It is the first time a foreign source containing data on the life of the parish of Lysr in 1909 is mentioned by the reaserchers. The tolerant character of interaction between the Orthodox Church and the traditional Ossetian community is noted. After analyzing a number of sources the authors conclude that the subtle missionary work and respectful attitude towards Ossetian culture that was noted in clergy of all levels (including the bishop) in many ways determined the success of Orthodoxy in the Lisri parish, which in just 10 years since being inaugurated had become one of the most significant church parishes in the mountainous part of Ossetia.
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Murillo, Luis E. "Tamales on the Fourth of July: The Transnational Parish of Coeneo, Michoacán". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation 19, nr 2 (2009): 137–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rac.2009.19.2.137.
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AbstractThis article traces the significant yet largely unexplored experience of transnationalism in the lived religious experiences of Mexican and Mexican American Catholics by focusing on the parish as a central unit of analysis. Within this analysis, the parish unit is rethought as an analytical unit in two important regards. First, the way in which parish life in rural Mexico has been predominately conceptualized as one whose rhythm revolves around a traditional ritual calendar centered on community celebrations of particular religious holidays and localized votive devotions needs to be replaced. Based on research from an ongoing historical case study (1890-present) of a central Mexican parish, Nuestra Señora del Rosario in Coeneo, Michoacán, and on other parishes, the rhythm of parish life has clearly shifted to celebrations of marriages and baptisms. These religious celebrations of marriages and baptisms in Mexico have become the focal point of identity and community in this transnational Mexican and Mexican American experience. These sacraments of baptism and marriage have multiple meanings that not only include universal Catholic doctrines but also notions of family, community, and a particular appreciation for the sacralized landscape of their Mexican parish. Second, notions of parish boundaries as fixed and parish affiliation as singular must be reconsidered because many Mexicans and Mexican Americans living in the United States consider themselves to be active members in at least two parishes: one in Mexico and one or more in the United States.
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DANUBIO, MARIA ENRICA, i DAVIDE PETTENER. "MARITAL STRUCTURE OF THE ITALIAN COMMUNITY OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, 1880–1920". Journal of Biosocial Science 29, nr 3 (lipiec 1997): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932097002575.
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The marital structure of Italians living in Boston, Massachusetts, in the period 1880–1920 was studied in order to explore the integration process in the urban context. The study analyses endogamy and inbreeding, using data on 15,579 marriages from the parish books of the three Italian parishes of Boston. Endogamic rates are very high and increased in time, ranging from 93·9% to 97·3%. This correlated with the growth of the Italian community and the decline of the biased sex ratio. One parish, Our Lady of Pompeii in the South End, displays lower endogamic rates because of the reduced and scattered population attending it. The rate of consanguineous (2·33%) and isonymous (6·38%) marriages, and the coefficients of inbreeding, alpha; (0·98×10−3) and Ft (0·0159), are similar to those of north Italian populations, and lower than those for south and insular Italy. The parish of Our Lady of Pompeii shows consistently higher values than the other two parishes. Marriages between first and second cousins are the main cause of the above values in each parish. Consanguineous marriages and inbreeding increased over time, from the 1890s, and this is in general agreement, although slightly delayed, with the Italian trend.
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Gautier, Mary. "American Parishes: Remaking Local Catholicism". Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 49, nr 6 (listopad 2020): 497–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306120963121.
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Preister, Steven, i Ann Patrick Conrad. "Catholic families and their parishes". Social Thought 16, nr 2 (styczeń 1990): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15426432.1990.10383703.
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Glugla, Paweł. "Archiwalia dekanatu baranowskiego diecezji sandomierskiej w zasobach Archiwum Diecezjalnego im. Arcybiskupa Jerzego Ablewicza w Tarnowie". Krakowski Rocznik Archiwalny 24 (2018): 249–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/12332135kra.18.007.14394.
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The archival materials of the deanery of the Baranów Sandomierz Diocese in the resources of the Diocesan Archives. Archbishop Jerzy Ablewicz in Tarnów Documents of the Baranów deanery of the Sandomierz diocese in the resources of the Archbishop Jerzy Ablewicz Diocesan Archives in Tarnów. The documents of the Diocesan Archives in Tarnów contain documents produced in the parishes of the Baranów diocese, previously of the Tarnów diocese but assigned since 1992 to the Sandomierz diocese. Parish registers (baptisms, marriages and deaths) cover the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Some of them refer only to the nineteenth century. In addition, documents from local record departments, dignitaries and canonical visits allow you to create an image of the history over the centuries of the Baranów parish. They are a valuable source of research resources. They serve as an important supplement to the history of the Church of the Sandomierz diocese. They are also indisputable proof of the religiousness of the diocese and the work of the clergy among the faithful in particular parishes, places and times.
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NEVILLE, CYNTHIA J. "Native Lords and the Church in Thirteenth-Century Strathearn, Scotland". Journal of Ecclesiastical History 53, nr 3 (lipiec 2001): 454–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046901008715.
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The thirteenth century in Scotland witnessed a determined effort on the part of the crown and its ecclesiastical officials to initiate a series of reforms comparable to those that had so deeply altered the social and religious life of England and continental Europe. An important aspect of the transformation that occurred in Scotland was the consolidation of a network of parish churches throughout the kingdom. Scottish authorities, however, encountered several obstacles in their attempts to create parishes, and especially to assign sufficient revenues to them. In the lordships controlled by old Celtic families in particular the Church's designs sometimes clashed with the interests of great native land-holders and their kinsmen. In many of these lordships the process of parish formation was ultimately the result of negotiation and litigation which saw the Church forced to accommodate the claims of Celtic landowners. This article examines, in the context of the native lordship of Strathearn, the struggles that marked the creation and consolidation of some parishes in thirteenth-century Scotland.
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Ndzotom Mbakop, Antoine Willy. "Language choice in multilingual religious settings". Pragmatics and Society 7, nr 3 (12.09.2016): 413–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ps.7.3.04ndz.
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This paper investigates the impact of the historical factor on language choice in Protestant Churches in Cameroon. It is based on the postulate that religious languages are more stable than their secular counterparts, not only in their forms, but also in their variety. Therefore, it was hypothesized that the first language group to come in contact with the mother mission society of a religious variety is likely to remain the major group in the church, and its language, the liturgical language. To verify this hypothesis, the researcher analysed language use in three Protestant parishes located in the Yaoundé metropolis: the Oyom-Abang parishes of the Eglise Evangélique du Cameroun and Eglise Presbytérienne Camerounaise, and the Yaoundé-Melen-Philadelphie parish of the Eglise Protestante Africaine. The data were collected via participant observation and informal interviews. Their analysis revealed that the use of indigenous languages for key parts of a church service in the three parishes selected was usually associated with the place where the Church was founded, which is the area where its mother mission society first settled in the country. In that vein, the following languages were reported: Bamileke at EEC Oyom-Abang, Basaa at EPC Oyom-Abang, and Ngumba (Kwasio) at EPA Yaoundé-Melen-Philadelphie.
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Rymarz, Richard. "Catholic Parish-based Youth Ministers: A Preliminary Study". Journal of Youth and Theology 18, nr 1 (21.06.2019): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24055093-01801004.
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Eleven youth ministers working in Catholic parishes in two large urban dioceses were interviewed. The paper examined the life journey of youth ministers and how they saw their role along with perceptions of challenges and how they could be better supported. Participants were motivated and expressed satisfaction with their jobs. They displayed high levels of religious salience as marked by their religious belief and practice and networking with faith-based communities. They manifested a strong counter-cultural message which is essential to authentic witness. As such, the participants in this study are a great gift to the Church and to its ministry. A preliminary typology of youth ministers was proposed, which springs from different life experiences, how they approach their work and what they see as their future. There was some difficulty in finding paid youth ministers working in parishes and this may point to one of the significant challenges facing them; that is, making the job sustainable within existing Catholic parish structures. While well-networked with sustaining faith communities, there is scope for support between youth ministers working in parishes. In addition, a more targeted professional development program which recognises the differing needs of youth ministers would be appropriate.
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Parker, Brian. "Marriages at Woodstock Following the 1653 Marriage Act". Local Population Studies, nr 95 (31.12.2015): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35488/lps95.2015.69.
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An extraordinary and substantial surge in the annual number of marriages is recorded in the Woodstock Parish Register during the period of the Protectorate. Records of marriages in the same period for rural parishes surrounding Woodstock do not show the same effect. The phenomenon appears to be related to the 1653 Marriage Act, but other factors are considered.
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VANN, RICHARD T. "Unnatural infertility, or, whatever happened in Colyton? Some reflections on English population history from family reconstitution 1580–1837". Continuity and Change 14, nr 1 (maj 1999): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416099003276.
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It has been more than thirty years since E. A. Wrigley demonstrated, in a still-famous article, that the technique of ‘family reconstitution’, as developed in France by Louis Henry and before then applied only to French parishes and elite groups, could be used in English historical demography. Although English parish registers seldom supply nearly as much detail as found in some French ones, and many registers are incomplete owing to an interruption of registration during the Civil War – or after 1789, 1769, or even 1729 – some English parishes were discovered whose registers allow adequate identification of the participants in all demographic events. Furthermore, English parish registers have one advantage over the French: they often started in the mid-sixteenth century (not the early seventeenth).The parish Wrigley chose to illustrate the alluring prospects for English historical demographers, as is well known, was Colyton in Devonshire. His article, however, was not merely a programmatic one setting forth the possible benefits – and costs – of family reconstitution. He had also made an unexpected discovery: that there may well have been family limitation in England (as the title of his article proclaimed) or, more specifically, in Colyton in the period from 1647 to 1719.
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Heritage, Tom. "The Living Arrangements of Older People in the 1851 and 1891 Census Enumerators' Books for Hertfordshire". Local Population Studies, nr 98 (30.06.2017): 30–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35488/lps98.2017.30.
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This article examines the living arrangements of older people through digitised transcripts of the 1851 and 1891 census enumerators' books for eight Hertfordshire communities. The percentages of older people living with their offspring were higher than expected, especially in rural parishes. However, relationships between older people and their offspring were recorded in urban society through family business and strong ties to local industry. By 1891, co-residence between older people and their offspring generally declined when the older people migrated inwards to suburban and urban parishes and the offspring left parishes suffering from agricultural depression. The argument that familial support was more directed towards older women in the nineteenth century is not confirmed. The proportions of older men and women co-residing with offspring were found in 1851 and 1891 to be roughly in equal measure, and the proportions of older men co-residing with offspring increased by 1891. Even when adjustments were made to exclude almshouse residence and incorporate those living with extended kin only, a bias of familial support towards women was not universally reflected across each parish. The differences in living arrangements by geography and by gender can be explained by occupational structure, almshouse accommodation, social welfare changes, widowhood, and migratory habits, which reinforce the importance of familial support for older people in nineteenth century society.
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Colten, Craig E. "As Inland Becomes Coastal: Shifting Equity and Flood Risk in the Amite River Basin (USA)". Global Environment 14, nr 3 (1.09.2021): 475–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/ge.2021.140303.
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Coastal Louisiana is experiencing the most rapid relative sea-level rise in the US due to a combination of a subsiding delta and rising coastal waters. Consequently, the influences of extreme coastal weather are reaching farther inland and impacting urban areas where traditional environmental policy, organised at the parish (county) level, is unable to address this changing flood risks. This situation is most prominent in the metro Baton Rouge region with the largest city situated upstream from two small, but rapidly growing, parishes. Following a massive flood in 2016, the upstream parishes have undertaken policy adjustments to facilitate the expulsion of water toward downstream neighbors and foster redevelopment in the floodplain. The lower parish has expressed concerns about the anticipated increases in discharge to be sent its way. Although the state is concerned with rising sea levels, it has not merged coastal and inland flood policy considerations. Downstream residents have little voice in upstream policy making and the absence of basin-wide management strategy perpetuates emergent risks and environmental injustices. As climate change drives coastal conditions inland, the misalignment between locally based governance and regional environmental realities will become more pronounced and exacerbate social injustices.
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Mihalik, Béla Vilmos. "The Making of a Catholic Parish in Eighteenth-Century Hungary : Competing Interests, Integration, and Interference". Hungarian Historical Review 10, nr 4 (2021): 675–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.38145/2021.4.675.
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In this essay the potentials for political interaction among local communities will be examined through parish organization in the century following the expulsion of the Ottomans from the territory of Hungary, i.e. the period referred to as late confessionalization (1681–1781). Roughly 150 years of Ottoman occupation had wreaked havoc on the parish network, which was reorganized over the course of the eighteenth century. Village communities took the initiative to establish parishes, but as they did so, the clashing interests of the Catholic Church, the landlords, and the state had to be addressed and negotiated. The dynamics of this process and the ways in which the local communities were able to assert their specific needs should therefore be discussed. The complexity of often divergent interests and aims compelled the communities to devise cautious means of communicating with the competing groups, and it also helped further the internal integration of the local societies and the integration of these communities into church and secular structures. However, growing state influence made abundantly clear that the roles of the church administration and the parishes would soon undergo slow but meaningful change.
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Hoover, Brett C. "A Place for Communion: Reflections on an Ecclesiology of Parish Life". Theological Studies 78, nr 4 (21.11.2017): 825–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040563917731746.
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Theologians have demonstrated curious restraint in assigning theological meaning to the parish. I argue here for a renewed attention to the parish as an “ecclesial place,” that is, a geographical site situated in particular contexts where ecclesial relationships of communion unfold by the power of the Holy Spirit for the sake of God’s mission. Simply put, parishes function—or at least ought to function—as the places where “histories of communion” are manifested in the context of grace and struggle in the real world.
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Rowlands, Marie B. "‘Rome’s Snaky Brood’: Catholic Yeomen, Craftsmen and Townsmen in the West Midlands, 1600–1641". Recusant History 24, nr 2 (październik 1998): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034193200002442.
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At the beginning of the seventeenth century the neighbouring parishes of West Bromwich, Sedgley and Wolverhampton in South Staffordshire were notorious for popery. Although they lay close together they differed from each other in economy and organisation. West Bromwich was a rural parish with available water power, Sedgley was a rural parish on the coal outcrop with metal working, quarrying and lime burning. Wolverhampton was an ancient Minster with a market town, a seignorial borough set in a large Foreign containing three chapelries and many hamlets.
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Francis, Leslie J., i David W. Lankshear. "Ageing Anglican Clergy and Performance Indicators in the Rural Church, Compared with the Suburban Church". Ageing and Society 13, nr 3 (wrzesień 1993): 339–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x00001070.
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ABSTRACTThis study employs path analysis to examine the relationship between clergy age and certain quantitative indices of church life in two samples: a sample of 1,553 villages and rural communities, ranging in size from 251 to 1,250 inhabitants and a sample of 584 suburban parishes. The data indicate that clergy aged sixty or over working in rural parishes tend to have contact with a smaller number of active church members, as indicated by attendance on a normal Sunday, than younger clergy working within comparable rural parishes, although they maintain contact with the same number of nominal church members, as indicated by the electoral roll and festival communicants. Clergy aged sixty years or over working in suburban parishes, on the other hand, have contact with the same number of active church members as younger clergy working within comparable suburban parishes. These findings are discussed in the light of a growing body of research which suggests that changing patterns of rural ministry may be generating difficulties and stresses for clergy approaching the age of retirement.
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Ferguson, Mary Helen, Raghuwinder Singh, Madeline Cook, Timothy Burks i Kevin Ong. "Geographic Distribution and Host Range of Lethal Bronzing Associated with Phytoplasma Subgroup 16SrIV-D on Palms in Southern Louisiana". Plant Health Progress 21, nr 4 (1.01.2020): 350–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-06-20-0046-s.
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Lethal bronzing (LB), also previously known as date palm lethal decline or Texas Phoenix palm decline, associated with phytoplasma subgroup 16SrIV-D, was first identified in Louisiana in December 2013. A survey of palms showed that the disease was not only confined to City Park in New Orleans, where it was first detected, but is present in other parts of Orleans Parish, as well as two adjacent parishes. Canary Island date palms (Phoenix canariensis) tested positive at the highest frequency, and some edible date palms (P. dactylifera) and a small proportion of cabbage palms (Sabal palmetto) tested positive as well. Symptoms do not appear to be a reliable indicator of LB, because a substantial proportion of palms indicated as symptomatic tested negative. Furthermore, not all infected palms showed symptoms. Since the palm survey conducted in 2015 to 2016, LB has positively been identified from silver date palm (P. sylvestris) and Chinese windmill palm (Trachycarpus fortunei) in three additional parishes in Louisiana.