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1
Flint, Pamela. "The Influence of Parental Conflict on Late Adolescent Perceptions of Parental Support". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278166/.
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The question addressed in this study is whether either parent's conflict style affected the supportive quality of the parents' relationship with the son or daughter. It was important to explore variables that affect support because supportive relationships with parents have been related to adolescent adjustment. Past studies have suggested parental conflict has a negative impact on the parent-adolescent relationship. Research in the area of mediators of perceived support in the parent-adolescent relationships is limited. This study focused on perceived support in the specific relationship of the parent and adolescent. Qualitative measures of conflict were used since they have been more strongly related to changes in parent-adolescent relationships than quantitative measures. In this study the supportive quality of the parent-adolescent relationship was operationalized as a measure of parental support, depth of the parent-adolescent relationship, and conflict in the parent-adolescent relationship (Quality of Relationship Inventory).
2
FRANCO, DEBORA AUGUSTO. "PARENTAL ALIENATION: CONFLICT, VIOLENCE AND SHARED CUSTODY". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=36736@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTITUIÇÕES COMUNITÁRIAS DE ENSINO PARTICULARES
O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a vivência de pais que lutam pela guarda compartilhada. Foram entrevistados 12 sujeitos, dez homens e duas mulheres, recrutados diretamente em comunidades virtuais do facebook que atuam como grupos de apoio para pais que lutam na justiça para obter a guarda compartilhada dos filhos. Como instrumento de investigação, utilizou-se uma entrevista online com roteiro semiestruturado, contendo questões abertas. O texto dos entrevistados, registrado por meio do Messenger, foi submetido ao método de análise de conteúdo na sua vertente categorial temática. A partir das narrativas, emergiram sete categorias de análise: Conflitos relativos ao litígio conjugal; Conflitos conjugais que afetam o cotidiano familiar e o relacionamento pais e filhos; Violência doméstica associada ao rompimento da relação conjugal; Prioridade da guarda materna; Guarda compartilhada como alternativa para a convivência familiar; Alienação Parental; e Criminalização da alienação parental. A categoria Violência doméstica associada ao rompimento da relação conjugal foi desdobrada em três subcategorias: Justificativas para a violência conjugal: ameaça, vingança e traição; Violência sexual associada ao rompimento conjugal; e Presença dos filhos em situações de violência associada ao rompimento conjugal. Esse estudo foi apresentado no formato de quatro artigos. A partir dos resultados da pesquisa, concluímos que quando os conflitos conjugais persistem pós-divórcio, e são manifestados por meio de desejo de vingança e violência, os cuidados parentais são prejudicados. Nesse contexto, engendram-se diferentes fenômenos que podem marcar a luta pela guarda compartilhada nas famílias pós-divórcio, tais como: violência doméstica e intrafamiliar como modelo de identificação para os filhos; padrões de provisão e cuidado atrelados às figuras de pai e mãe, respectivamente; expressão da lide na vivência de alienação parental; e perpetuação do litígio encoberto na luta por direitos e expressa na judicialização das relações familiares. Os desdobramentos da separação conjugal conflituosa podem afetar a relação entre pais e filhos, comprometendo o desenvolvimento infantil, o direito dos filhos à convivência familiar e a manutenção dos vínculos parentais após o rompimento da relação conjugal. Ademais, destaca-se a importância da criação de serviços públicos especializados no atendimento às questões relativas ao divórcio litigioso e às situações de violência associadas ao fim da relação amorosa como forma de enfrentamento das questões que atravessam a relação parento-filial nas famílias pós-divórcio.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the experience of divorced parents who fight for the shared custody of their children. The authors interviewed 12 subjects – 10 men and 2 women – the authors recruited participants online, from Facebook pages that serve as a support network for parents who fight in the legal system for the shared custody of their children. As an investigative tool, was used an online interview with open questions. The participants words, registered in the Messenger app, were submitted to the content analysis method in its thematic category model. From the narratives, seven categories of analysis emerged: Conflicts relating to marital litigation; Marital conflicts affecting the family routine, as well as the parent and children s relationship; Domestic violence associated with the breakup of the marital relationship; Priority the of maternal unilateral guard; Shared custody as an alternative to family living; Parental Alienation; and Criminalization of parental alienation. The category Domestic violence associated with the breakup of the marital relationship was divided into three subcategories: Justifications for marital violence: threat, revenge and cheating; Sexual violence associated with marital breakdown; and Presence of children in violence situations associated with marital breakdown. This study was presented in the format of four articles. From the results of the research, we conclude that when marital conflicts persist post-divorce and are manifested through a desire for revenge and violence, parental s care is impaired. In this contexto, different phenomena are generated that can mark the struggle for shared custody in post-divorce families, such as: domestic and intrafamily violence as a model of identification for the children; concepts of provision and care linked to the father and mother figures, respectively; expression of the litigation in the experience of parental alienation; and perpetuation of the litigation, hidden in the struggle for rights and explicit in the judicialization of family relations. The unfolding of conflicting marital separation can affect the relationship between parents and children, jeopardizing healthy child development, the right of the children to family interaction and the maintenance of parental bonds after the conjugal relationship breakup. In addition, it is relevant to note the importance of creating public services specialized in dealing with issues related to divorce and situations of violence associated with the end of the love relationship as a way of coping with the issues that cross the parental-filial relationship in the post- divorce context.
3
Yeung, Ka-ching Frederick. "The dynamics of interparental conflict and adolescent's behavior problems /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19853191.
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Crane, Courtney. "An examination of the relationship between parental religiosity and parent-adolescent conflict /". View online, 2007. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131464748.pdf.
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Yeung, Ka-ching Frederick, i 楊家正. "The dynamics of interparental conflict and adolescent's behavior problems". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29807384.
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Gini, Dimitra. "Greek young adults' appraisal of parental marital conflict". Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485323.
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van, Dijk Rene E. "Sexual conflict over parental care in penduline tits". Thesis, University of Bath, 2009. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507745.
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Sexual conflict, the different interests of males and females over reproduction, is a potent evolutionary force. Here I investigate sexual conflict in the context of parental care by focussing on two questions: (i) which behavioural, morphological and environmental traits influence the parents’ decision to care for the brood or desert? (ii) How does sexual conflict influence the evolution of behaviour and morphology? I investigate both questions using a small, polygamous passerine bird, the Eurasian penduline tit Remiz pendulinus, which exhibits intense sexual conflict over parental care such that either the male, the female or both parents desert the clutch. Using detailed behavioural observations during the crucial few days preceding desertion, I argue that it may be in the parents’ best interest to conceal their intention to care for (or desert) their brood. The rapid resulting process that leads to variable parental care resembles a coordination game in which either parent may desert first. I developed a game-theoretical model that suggests that a key to resolving the conflict between parents is the sex difference in reproductive payoffs for given parental care strategies, rather than differences in parental quality per se. Environmental variables (e.g. food availability and mating opportunities) seem only subsidiary in the decision-making process of parents. My final chapter explores ramifications of sexual conflict at an evolutionary timescale. By comparing the highly polygamous Eurasian penduline tit with the monogamous Cape penduline tit, I show that morphological and behavioural differences between these two species are consistent with predictions of sexual conflict theory. During my PhD I also identified that there is considerable variation in breeding systems within different species of penduline tits. I argue that by studying these systems new insights will emerge into (i) the drivers of breeding systems, and (ii) neural and genomic traits that underlie breeding system evolution.
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Lavitch, Robyn. "Adolescent problem behaviours associated with parental divorce, interparental conflict, and parent-child relationships". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0008/MQ52595.pdf.
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Carr, Eliann R. "Parental leadership roles & conflict management| Developing family resiliency through parent-child reconciliation". Thesis, University of South Dakota, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1543107.
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Separate theories of leadership roles and parenting styles have been richly developed and explored, but the relationship between the two is an area in need of further research. The various skills garnered through leadership experience can be instrumental for parents in managing and resolving family conflict, thereby increasing family resiliency. The willingness to address conflict directly versus the avoidance of conflict has been summarized into specific patterns that all groups, including families, progress through; however, the degree to which parents initiate reconciliatory actions needs further detailed analysis. Additionally, insight on the importance of parents modeling positive coping strategies will be derived through proper conflict management as a learned adaptive behavior for children. The intent of this grounded theory qualitative study was to explore potential overlap between leadership roles and parenting styles, and how the use of constructive conflict management strategies develops family resiliency. Through the use of semi-structured interviews, this overlap between leadership, parenting, and conflict management was analyzed. Each participant provided a response to open-ended questions regarding their leadership experience, role as a leader in their family, and their perception of family conflict. Next they described how they would respond to hypothetical scenarios incorporating various degrees and approaches to conflict. All the responses were coded and analyzed for themes that resulted in a new theory on family resiliency based on parents' use of minor levels of conflict to teach children the life skills necessary to cope with greater confrontational situations, such as crises or potentially traumatic events.
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Gerbus, Valerie Lynn. "Parent-Adolescent Conflict in Central Appalachia: The Effects of Parental Authority, Familism, Conformity, and Autonomy". Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1180548582.
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Harma, Mehmet. "The Impact Of Parental Control And Marital Conflict On Adolescents". Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610016/index.pdf.
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The current study aims to increase understanding of influences on and consequences of self-regulation in adolescence. Previous work has shown that higher levels of self-regulation are associated with greater social competence and lower levels problem behaviors. Past studies have posited that parenting and interparental conflict are linked to self-regulation and adjustment in childhood and adolescence. However, the mechanism underlying the potential effects of specific parental behaviors and interparental conflict on self-regulation and their unique effects on adjustment have been largely unexamined. It was hypothesized that parental psychological and behavioral control and interparental conflict would be indirectly associated with adolescent outcomes via self-regulation abilities. Besides, differential impacts of parental controlling behaviors on self-regulation were also explored. The study involved a sample of 300 students in the 6th and 7th grades and their mothers. Students completed self-report questionnaires on parental control behaviors, self-regulation abilities, and academic self-concept. Furthermore, mothers completed questionnaires including parental control, interparental conflict, self-regulation abilities of adolescents, and adolescent adjustment (i.e., hyperactivation/inattention, emotional, and prosocial behaviors). The mediational hypothesis was largely supported. Results suggested that perceived parental psychological control and interparental conflict predicted low levels of self-regulation and in turn, this predicted adolescent adjustment. Parental behavioral control predicted self-regulation abilities in adolescent-reported model only. As predicted, different parental psychological control dimensions had divergent impact on adolescent outcomes. Specifically, love withdrawal/irrespective parenting was associated with the highest adolescent adjustment. Results also showed that the interplay between paternal guilt induction/erratic emotional behaviors and monitoring was significant in predicting prosocial behaviors and perseverance of adolescents. Similarly, the significant interaction between maternal love withdrawal/irrespective and knowledge suggested that high maternal withdrawal combined with high parental knowledge may result in hyperactivation/inattention problems among early adolescents. Finally, two U-shaped curvilinear relationships were found between psychological control and adjustment variables. Accordingly, the relationship between paternal guilt induction/erratic emotional behaviors and low perseverance/monitoringand maternal love withdrawal/irrespective and Turkish academic self-concept had curvilinear relationship. Theoretical, methodological, cultural, and practical implications of the findings were discussed considering previous literature.
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Painter, Kelly D. "Impact of Parental Interference on Children in High Conflict Divorce". NSUWorks, 2016. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/cps_stuetd/104.
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Parental interference in high conflict divorce cases continues to evoke much debate among mental health professionals in the forensic psychology field. Although over the past thirty years, some empirical studies have been conducted regarding the long-term psychological impact of adults that experienced parental interference as children, few studies have examined the impact that this phenomenon has on children during and immediately following divorce proceedings. The present study utilized an original data set that was collected with fifty-five families (e.g., mother, father, and oldest child) from de-identified reports completed by two private Court-appointed licensed clinical-forensic psychologists. The overarching purpose of the present study was to gain further insight into identifying the impact that parental interference had on the psychological functioning within the identified sample. Moreover, the first purpose of this paper sought to highlight the specific domains that children and adolescents are negatively affected by as a result of parental interference within the present sample. Overall, results yielded no significant differences between groups regarding reported (self, teacher, and parent report) elevations on BASC-2 outcomes for children and adolescents. However, the results of a step-wise regression analysis suggested that female children and adolescents were more likely to have mothers rate them highly on the anxiety scale of the BASC-2. Limitations and suggestions for future research were discussed.
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Risi, Susan Alison. "Age and sex differences in children's perceptions of parental conflict". Scholarly Commons, 1989. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2173.
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Research has indicated a relationship between overt marital conflict and childhood behavior problems (Porter & O'Leary, 1980). Overt marital conflict has been correlated with behavior disorders in boys, particularly conduct disorders. A similar relationship has not been found for girls, although findings have suggested that both boys and girls are equally accurate in their perceptions of parental conflict (Emery & O'Leary, 1982). Another potentially damaging but uninvestigated form of marital discord is covert conflict. ~he present study assessed whether children could discriminate between overt conflict, covert conflict, and problem solving styles of parental interaction. Age and sex differences were also assessed. Participants viewed videotapes depicting the three styles of parental interaction then responded to a questionnaire assessing the perception of parental conflict and its effects on children. Children consistently perceived greater conflict in the overt interaction than in the covert interaction, and greater conflict in both the overt and covert interactions than in the problem-solving interaction. Children also predicted that the overt and covert interactions would have similar negative effects for the child, while they viewed the child in the problem-solving interaction as being relatively unaffected. Sex differences were not obtained. This study indicates that children view covert conflict as harmful, and that they prefer a problem-solving style of interaction and perceive such a style as having less negative impact on the marital relationship and the child.
14
Buckley, Jonathan. "Parental care and the development of the parent offspring conflict in discus fish (Symphysodon spp.)". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1041.
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Parental care has evolved across the animal kingdom to increase the probability of offspring surviving in an environment fraught with danger. While parental care is common among mammals and birds, it is relatively rare in fish with the vast majority of fish showing no form of parental care at all, whilst those that do, often just provide parental care to developing eggs pre-hatch. The provision of parental care in discus fish (Symphysodon spp.) is, therefore, interesting in that parents provide mucus to offspring as a source of nutrition during the first few weeks of care. In mammals this post-birth provision of parental care can lead to the development of the parent offspring conflict. It is, however, possible that this conflict is also present in discus fish. This thesis examines both the interesting parental care strategy of discus fish along with the potential for the parent offspring conflict to develop. To examine the dynamics of parental care in discus fish, a range of behavioural and mucus composition studies were carried out. The analysis of mucus revealed that similar to mammals, parents provided offspring with an initial high quantity of nutritional and non-nutritional factors including antibodies (IgM), essential ions and hormones. Behavioural studies also revealed that initially parents were highly diligent in providing care to offspring but that after two weeks of care, the behaviour of parents changed making it harder for offspring to obtain mucus. At this point a weaning period was initiated where offspring began spending less time with parents and more time foraging for external food sources. The initiation of this weaning period suggests the presence of the parent offspring conflict and indicates that a point is reached where the energetic demands of offspring are too great and that energy is better invested in to future offspring. Research into the bite size and feeding rate of fry suggest that during the weaning period fry could demand excessive amounts of mucus, which may be energetically unsustainable leading to the observed offspring avoiding behaviour of parents. As parental care behaviour is known to be intimately associated with mate choice, mate choice behaviour was also assessed in discus fish with the hypothesis that the ability to provide mucus would be selected for by prospective mates. While my dietary experiment did not influence mucus quality, the mate choice experiment did reveal the importance of hierarchies in discus fish, indicating that dominant individuals were significantly more likely to pair than subordinates. This is similar to that observed in closely related cichlids where the ability to be dominant and protect a territory was indicative of the ability to successfully raise offspring. In conclusion, the parental care behaviour of discus fish appears to share more similarities with that seen in mammals than that observed in fish. The implications of these findings indicate that parental care in discus fish could be a new model of parent offspring conflict hitherto unseen in fish which could ultimately help our understanding of the evolution of parental care in fish.
15
Dotse, Nathaniel. "PARENT-ADOLESCENT CONFLICT IN KENYA: THE EFFECT OF PARENTAL BEHAVIOR ON ADOLESCENT’S AUTONOMY AND CONFORMITY". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1479749859041545.
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Farndale, Holly. "The effects of parental divorce/separation and perceived poor parental conflict resolution on children later in life /". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09HS/09hsf235.pdf.
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Howarth, Emma L. "Inter-parental conflict, domestic violence and children's psychological adjustment : the role of children's perceptions of parental behaviour". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2008. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55777/.
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The research presented in this thesis applies a process-orientated perspective to understanding children's emotional and behavioural adjustment in the context of hostile and violent inter-parental conflict. The studies presented examined the relationship between inter-parental conflict and the quality of parent-child relations, and the role that dysfunction in these family relationships may play in determining children's psychological adaptation. In particular, the primary focus of this research was concerned with children's perceptions, or social cognitive processing, of these family relationships as a primary mechanism through which exposure to inter-parental conflict ranging in severity, influences children's psychological wellbeing. Using data from three separate samples of children and parents drawn from community and clinical settings in the United Kingdom, a set of four interlocking studies was conducted. First, using a sample of over 200 children and parents, the quality of parent-child relations was found to play a mediating role in the relationship between parents' reports of marital conflict and children's immediate and longer term externalising behaviour. Recognising the need to examine the interrelationships between the marital and parent-child relationship from the child's perspective, the second study considered the joint role'played by children's appraisals of both inter- parental conflict and parent-child relationship quality in explaining children's adaptation in the context of varying levels of conflict. Children's appraisals of both relationships were found to be important in conveying effects to children's psychological adaptation across the spectrum of inter-parental behaviour, although there was some variation in processes underpinning children's development as a function of conflict severity and the index of adjustment considered (internalising symptoms, externalising problems). Next, the role of younger children's appraisals of family relationships was examined. Children's appraisals were found to play an intervening role in the relationship between hostile inter-parental conflict and adjustment, although children's internalising symptoms were found to be affected directly through children's appraisals of threat relating to parents' marital conflict, whereas children's externalising problems were found to be affected indirectly, through children's respective appraisals of both the inter-parental and parent-child relationships. Finally, children's appraisals of multiple family relationships were examined as a mechanism through which very hostile forms of inter-parental conflict influenced children's concurrent adjustment. Broad agreement was found with the previous studies, where children's appraisals of the inter-parental relationship seemed to be particularly important in accounting for children's internalising symptoms in the context of high inter-parental conflict, whereas children's views on the quality of relations with parents were more important in accounting for children's externalising problems. Collectively, these studies represent a process-orientated account of how inter- parental conflict across the spectrum of severity affects children's adjustment, and in particular locates children's understanding of family relationships as a primary mechanism through which hostile and violent inter-parental conflict impacts on children's psychological functioning. These findings are of relevance to researchers, practitioners and policy makers seeking to understand how interparental conflict and domestic violence affects children.
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Bomfim, Ana Paula Rocha do. "Conflito familiar e mediação: por uma efetiva resolução das controvérsias matizadas por contornos de alienação parental". Universidade Catolica de Salvador, 2016. http://ri.ucsal.br:8080/jspui/handle/prefix/366.
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A presente tese visa apresentar e analisar a conjunção - conflito familiar e Síndrome da Alienação Parental, tendo em vista o alcance da efetiva resolução dos conflitos com o objetivo precípuo de demarcar contornos jurídicos de proteção à criança e ao adolescente diante dos novos modelos de família, desvendando as nuances inerentes a este tipo de conflito, refletindo sobre a utilização da mediação como um caminho. Utiliza-se a análise de dados bibliográficos, documentais, jurisprudências e empíricos, mediante a realização de entrevistas e aplicação de questionários, a partir de uma perspectiva metodológica, fundada na compreensão e aplicação do Direito em sintonia com os princípios normativos da nossa Constituição Brasileira de 1988 e demais instrumentos jurídicos. Neste esteio o trabalho perpassa desde a discussão acerca da Alienação (conceitos, caracteristicas, modus operandi, do conflito decorrente às disputas de guarda de crianças e adolescentes e dos meios adequados de resolução destas controvérsias e os reflexos do ensino jurídico neste panorama. Assim, a presente investigação apresenta as suas conclusões sobre a alienação parental como uma questão preocupante, tendo em vista a necessidade de se re-significar o conflito familiar ante os danos causados aos envolvidos em uma relação parental inevitavelmente continuada e a adequação da utilização da mediação familiar como forma de resolução desta natureza de disputas.
This thesis presents and analyzes the interconnection between family conflict and the Parental Alienation Syndrome, given the reach had by effective conflict resolutions that aim to define legal boundaries to the protection of children and adolescents, considering the new family models in place, thereby uncovering the nuances that are inherent to such conflicts, and pondering the recourse of mediation as a valid path. It makes use of bibliographical, documentary, case precedent and empirical data analyses by means of interviews and surveys, from a methodological perspective based on an understanding and application of Law that is in line with the normative principles of the 1988 Brazilian Constitution and other legal instruments. This work, therefore, includes the alienation debate (concepts, characteristics, themodus operandi of conflicts resulting from child and adolescent custody disputes) and the appropriate means to settle such controversies, as well as the repercussions brought by legal education to the general order of things. This research then presents its findings wherein parental alienation is a matter of concern, given the need to re-signify family conflicts due to the damage caused to those involved in an inevitably ongoing parental relationship, and the fine-tuning of family mediation practice as a way to settle disputes of this nature.
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WIRTH, ABIGAIL DRU. "EXPLORING CHILDREN'S EXTERNALIZING BEHAVIORS AS A RESULT OF DESTRUCTIVE AND CONSTRUCTIVE METHODS OF PARENTAL CONFLICT". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614180.
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The association between constructive and destructive conflict and children’s (age three)
externalizing behaviors was examined utilizing the Building Strong Families (BSF) data set. The
study included 3,328 mothers and 3,148 fathers reporting on conflict behavior, and mother’s
reports on children’s externalizing behaviors. My hypotheses indicated that the more
constructive conflict, the less externalizing behaviors exhibited while the more destructive
conflict, the more externalizing behaviors shown by the children. The majority of the literature
demonstrated similar results to my hypotheses, however primarily focusing on mother’s conflict
rather than the father’s conflict methods. Similarly, there was little focus on constructive conflict
in the literature. Younger children (age three) were of interest for this study due to the lack of
research involving these variables and this age group. The specific emotions theory was utilized
to shape and inform my hypotheses. The results for this study supported my hypothesis
concerning destructive conflict, but rejected the other discussing constructive conflict. Mothers’
correlations of conflict methods with externalizing behaviors were statistically significant while
the fathers’ correlations were not. These analyses indicate further research of constructive
conflict and its effects on younger children.
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Aitken, Jessica J. "Inter-parental conflict, parent-child relationships and children's psychological adjustment : implications for the family-school interface". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2008. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55741/.
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The collective body of research in this thesis applies a process-oriented perspective to the investigation of family effects on children's psychological, social and school-based adjustment. Specifically, it investigates the role of children's cognitions relating to inter-parental and parent-child relationships and their symptoms of psychological distress (internalising symptoms, externalising problems) as mechanisms underlying links between inter-parental conflict, negative parenting and children's academic attainment. Using two distinct samples of families from the UK a systematic programme of analyses was conducted. First, the role of children's perceptions of harsh, rejecting parenting was assessed as a mechanism through which inter-parental conflict and parental hostility were related to children's behaviour problems, academic application and attainment in school. In order to integrate family and school influences, the moderating role of school support in the links between family influences and school outcomes was also examined in this study. Second, analyses were extended to consider the role of children's perceptions of the inter-parental and the parent-child relationship in linking hostility between parents (inter-parental conflict) to academic attainment. To clarify the nature of the relationships between indices of psychological adjustment (internalising symptoms, externalising problems) and academic attainment, these analyses also considered specific dimensions of psychological adaptation as mediators of links between child appraisals and academic adjustment. Finally, the importance of these appraisal processes in linking inter-parental conflict to children's adjustment during a time of recognised stress, the transition from primary to secondary school, was investigated. Taken together, these analyses highlight the role of children's appraisals in linking inter-parental conflict and parent-child relations to children's adjustment in the school setting. Collectively, this body of research provides a basis for making specific links between children's experiences of family life and their adjustment in the school context, presenting a systematic approach to investigating the family-school interface with implications discussed for parents, educators, practitioners and policy makers.
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Marsh, Greg (Gregory Gene). "The Effects of Parental Divorce and Conflict on Adolescent Separation-Individuation". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278026/.
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The influence of parental marital status and parental conflict on the separation-individuation process of college students was investigated in the present study. Past studies have suggested that parental divorce and parental conflict accelerate separation. However, no studies have measured more than one dimension of separation-individuation. In this study the process of separation-individuation was operationalized as involving three dimensions: psychological separation from parents (Psychological Separation Inventory); emotional attachments to parents and peers (Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment); and the development of an identity (Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status). The sample consisted of 120 male and 120 female undergraduates between the ages of 18 and 22, one-half with parents who were married and one-half with parents who had divorced in the last five years. Subjects completed self-report measures of parental conflict, psychological separation, attachment to parents and to peers, and identity status. Predictions that parental conflict would affect students in intact families differently than their peers with divorced parents were not supported. Instead, parental divorce and conflict were found to have different effects on the components of the separation-individuation process. Subjects reporting higher parental conflict levels described more independent functioning, more negative feelings toward parents, less attachment to parents and to peers, and greater exploration of identity-related issues in comparison to those reporting low levels of conflict. Subjects with parents who had recently divorced reported lower attachment to parents, and greater identity exploration and reluctance to commit to an identity than subjects from intact families. Males reported greater independence from and less attachment to parents, and had committed to an identity without exploration less often than females. Results suggest that parental divorce and conflict may influence adolescent development in different ways. Exploratory analyses suggested that measures of conflict style are more highly related to indices of separation-individuation than measures of the amount of parental conflict. Theoretical and methodological issues are discussed.
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Hollway, Tara. "The role of shame in posttraumatic stress symptoms : a systematic review : the impact of inter-parental conflict, parental mental health, the parent-child relationship and features of the conflict on child well-being". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.695370.
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Although research has advanced understanding of the mechanisms underlying PTSD, identifying shame as playing a role in posttraumatic stress symptoms, much remains unknown about the mechanisms that link trauma, shame and posttraumatic stress symptoms. To aid theoretical understanding and the development of appropriate therapies, a systematic search of the literature on shame and posttraumatic stress symptoms was conducted. Twelve articles met inclusion criteria and their quality was assessed against predetermined quality indicators. Higher levels of shame were significantly associated with greater posttraumatic stress symptoms. Effect sizes were moderate to high. The review lends support to the argument that shame plays a significant role in creating and/or maintaining the sense of on-going threat associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms and should be considered when designing interventions. The Impact of Inter-Parental Conflict, Parental Mental Health, the Parent-Child Relationship and Features of the Conflict on Child Well-Being. Path analysis was employed to explore the relationship between inter-parental conflict and child well-being mediated by parental mental health and the parent-child relationship. The moderating roles of type of conflict, child as cause of conflict, and nature of conflict resolution were also examined. The sample consisted of 5337 nine-year old children involved in the Growing up in Ireland study. Analyses indicated that child well-being was largely unrelated to parental mental health, type of conflict, child as cause of conflict and conflict resolution. Inter-parental conflict significantly predicted child well-being for fathers only, mediated by the father-child relationship. The parent-child relationship, and in particular parent-child conflict, exerted the greatest effect on the model.
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Unger, Matthew C. "Principal Perceptions of Parental Aggression". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1407444464.
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Thokala, Mary Rebecca. "Parental conflicts influences on the development of children /". Online version, 2009. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2009/2009thokalam.pdf.
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Taylor, Bryce E. (Bryce Ernest). "The Effects of Parental Marital Status, Just World Beliefs, and Parental Conflict on Trust in Intimate Heterosexual Relationships". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277792/.
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The effects of divorce on trust in intimate heterosexual relationships were investigated using a sample of 478 college students (156 males, 322 females). Subjects were asked to respond to scenarios and questionnaires assessing parental marital status, just world beliefs, parental conflict, and trust. Attitudes toward divorce and common problems were also assessed.
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Casey, David Matthew. "The relationship between parental intervention into sibling conflict and the quality of children's sibling relationships". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1436.
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Schwartz, Tamlyn. "Anticipated work-family conflict amongst female business students: The influence of parental role modelling". Thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28375.
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For many young women, the transition from late childhood to early adulthood is a challenging time (Arnett, 2000). It is a time spent exploring different career opportunities and relationships and considering future family aspirations. Thinking about one’s future work and family can evoke many concerns amongst emerging adults, especially female students who plan to pursue demanding careers. This is a global phenomenon and South African female students are no exception (Bagraim & Harrison, 2013). Anticipated work-family conflict (AWFC) has received some attention amongst researchers due to the potential impact AWFC can have on students’ decision making (Barnett, Gareis, James, & Steele, 2003; Coyle, Van Leer, Schroeder, & Fulcher, 2015; Michael, Most, & Cinamon, 2011; Westring & Ryan, 2011). Over the past few decades, there has been a global increase in women entering the workforce (Blau & Kahn, 2007; Goldin, 2014). This has resulted in an increase in dual-earner families as both men and women have become co-breadwinners. Despite a shift in shared work responsibilities, many women still feel that taking care of their family is their primary responsibility (Askari, Liss, Erchull, Staebell, & Axelson, 2010). The added pressure that women experience in balancing both work and family domains highlights the importance of better equipping female students with the necessary resources and support as they transition into early adulthood. Not all students experience the same levels of AWFC (Barnett et al., 2003; Coyle et al., 2015). Identifying the key contributors to students’ AWFC has therefore generated a small body of research, which still requires further development. The limited research on students’ perceptions of the work-family interface includes research on several influencing factors, such as gender (e.g. Weer, Greenhaus, Colakoglu, & Foley, 2006); maternal employment (Barnett et al., 2003; Weer et al., 2006), parental education (O'Shea & Kirrane, 2008), self-efficacy to manage future work-family conflict (Cinamon, 2006) and parental role sharing of childcare and housework (Cinamon, 2006). A common thread across the literature is the influence of parents on their children’s perceptions of work and family. Socialisation into the work-family interface begins from early childhood and continues beyond adolescence, with parents shaping their children’s views of work and family life (Levine & Hoffner, 2006; Wiese & Freund, 2011).
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Martins, Inês Cabrita Guerreiro Magro. "Influência do conflito parental e envolvimento paterno na competência social da criança". Master's thesis, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/2831.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto UniversitárioÉ com os pais e no contexto familiar que a criança tem os primeiros contactos e inicia o seu desenvolvimento. Deste modo o conflito Conjugal, resultante de uma interação negativa entre os pais, pode influenciar negativamente o desenvolvimento da criança. Partindo deste pressuposto este trabalho visou estudar a influência do conflito conjugal e do Envolvimento Paterno em três aspetos-chave do desenvolvimento da criança, nomeadamente, a competência social, a agressividade e o isolamento. O primeiro objetivo consiste na análise da associação entre o Envolvimento Paterno e o Envolvimento Materno. Adicionalmente averiguou-se a existência de diferenças entre o sexo da criança face ao conflito conjugal, ao envolvimento paterno e materno e às três características, competência social, agressividade e isolamento. Finalmente, verificou-se a influência entre a discórdia conjugal e a Competência Social, Agressividade e Isolamento. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que, em geral, existe uma concordância entre os pais no que diz respeito às responsabilidades que cada um desempenha nas diferentes tarefas diárias, o que aponta para uma partilha parental. Não foram verificadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre o sexo da criança e o conflito conjugal, assim como não foi verificada a diferença entre o sexo e as características competência social, isolamento e agressividade. O envolvimento materno esteve mais associado com as tarefas de cuidado e o envolvimento paterno com as tarefas de lazer e brincadeira. Por fim, verificou-se uma correlação significativa entre o conflito parental e os comportamentos externalizantes da criança, isto é, a agressividade e o isolamento. No entanto, não foi possível concluir que a discórdia parental tivesse uma influência na competência social da criança.
ABSTRACT: It’s with parents and within the family that children have their first contacts and initiates their development. Thus the Marital Conflict, resulting in a negative interaction between parents can negatively influence child development. Under this assumption, this study propose to study the influence of marital conflict and Parental Involvement on three aspects of child development , such as social competence , aggression and withdrawal. The first aim is analyze the association between Maternal and Paternal Involvement. Additionally we also aim to better understand the differences between the sex of child relatively to marital conflict, maternal and paternal involvement, social competence , aggression and withdrawal. Finally, the last aim is verifying the influence between marital discord and Social Competence, and Aggression withdrawal. The results revealed that usual, there is agreement between parents relatively to the responsibilities that each plays in the different daily tasks, which means a parental sharing. It wasn’t observed statistically significant differences between child's gender and marital conflict, and has not been verified that the difference between sex and social competence, withdrawal and aggression. The maternal involvement was more associated with the responsibilities of care and parental involvement with the responsibilities of leisure and play. Finally, there was a significant correlation between parental conflict and child externalizing behaviors, aggression and withdrawal. However, it was not possible to conclude that parental discord had an influence on the social competence of the child.
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Swanson, Julie A. "COVERT PROCESSES: LOYALTY CONFLICTS, CHILD INVOLVEMENT, AND PARENTAL ALIENATION AS MEDIATORS OF THE LINK BETWEEN INTERPARENTAL CONFLICT AND COLLEGE STUDENT ADJUSTMENT". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1123013692.
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Bhatt, Suzanne Autumn. "Effects of recent parental divorce, parental conflict, and social support on the social and emotional adjustment of college students". Diss., University of Iowa, 1989. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5398.
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Stevens, S. Elizabeth. "Coparenting school-aged children, parental interdependence, marital conflict and children's psychosocial adjustment". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ65470.pdf.
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Borowski, Shelby. "Perceived Work Factors and Parental Engagement: The Mediating Role of Marital Conflict". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78122.
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The parenting literature predominately focuses on individual or family level factors that influence parenting behaviors. The field can benefit from focusing on factors outside the family that influence family roles and behavior. Utilizing a symbolic interactionist and gender perspective, this study examined how perceptions of work spill over into the family roles. More specifically, this study focused on how perceived work factors influence marital conflict and subsequently parental engagement. I specifically examined these perceptions in a sample of parents that frequently travel overnight for work. Traveling for work has become very common in the workplace, yet it is understudied in the research. I aimed to answer the following research questions: a) Are there differences among mothers and fathers who travel for work in their reports of work overload, effort recovery, job satisfaction, marital conflict and parental engagement? b) Do perceived work factors predict parental engagement over and above parent gender and marital conflict? c) Do perceived work factors predict marital conflict, which in turn predicts parental engagement? I used data from a larger multi-method project that examined the influence of travel on work, health, and families. Data were collected using questionnaires. I used traveler reports of their work and family roles, as I was interested in their perceptions of their roles. Results suggested that work factors predicted a significant amount of variance over and above marital conflict and parent gender. The mediation model suggested that job satisfaction, but not work overload or effort recovery, had a significant direct effect on parental engagement. Marital conflict did not mediate the relation between perceived work factors and parental engagement. The results suggest that the parenting field should look beyond the marital dyad when examining factors that influence parenting behaviors, as marital conflict did not assist in explaining parental engagement. Clinicians and practitioners should also focus on factors outside the family (i.e., the work environment) and the influence these factors have on parenting. Workplaces and employers should focus on increasing their employees' job satisfaction in order to enhance parenting behaviors. Limitations and future directions for research are also discussed.Master of Science
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Yu, Tiangyi. "The interplay of parental marital conflict and divorce in young adult children's relationships with parents and romantic partners". Connect to electronic version, 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2007%20Spring%20Dissertations/YU_TIANYI_52.pdf.
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Shanholtz, Caroline Elizabeth. "Parental Conflict, Distress Surrounding Relationships with Parents, and Language Use in Young Adults from Married and Divorced Families". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/321940.
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Bell, Ashley B. "Partner Attachment and the Parental Alliance". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5287.
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Previous research has demonstrated that cooperation and support between parents, called the parental alliance, is an important predictor of parent and child well-being. Consequently, it is important to understand what factors promote the formation of a strong parental alliance. Because of research on the impact of attachment security on individuals' abilities to depend and rely on others and to appropriately manage conflict, partner attachment is a potential predictor of the parental alliance, with insecure attachment negatively weakening the parental alliance. This study analyzed data from 321 couples to examine the relationship between partner attachment and the parental alliance. Using the Actor Partner Interdependence Model, results indicated that attachment was significantly associated with parental alliance scores for both husbands and wives; specifically, higher anxious attachment for wives and for husbands significantly predicted decreased parental cooperation and increased triangulation and conflict. Likewise, avoidant attachment for wives and for husbands was significantly predictive of decreased cooperation and increased triangulation and conflict. These findings point to the utility of marital therapy focusing on increasing attachment as a way to strengthen parental attachment.
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Thunderchild, Kathy. "The life narratives of young adult children of divorced parents". Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327482.
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Robinson, Julia Howe Westefeld John S. "Interparental conflict and child adjustment the role of child optimism /". Iowa City : University of Iowa, 2009. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/424.
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Hibel, Leah C. Granger Douglas A. "Inter-parental conflict and early childhood adrenocortical activity a biosocial family systems approach /". [University Park, Pa.] : Pennsylvania State University, 2009. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/PSUonlyIndex/ETD-4313/index.html.
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Hutton, Cheryl F. "Children's adjustment following parental separation : the role of interparental conflict and children's appraisals". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413838.
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Petrowski, Catherine Elizabeth. "Conflict or Solidarity: Understanding Sibling Relationships in Families Coping with Parental Mental Illness". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1593641304847799.
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O'Hara, Karey L., i Karey L. O'Hara. "An Online Preventive Intervention for Youth Exposed to High-Conflict Parental Divorce/Separation". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625548.
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This study investigated efficacy of an online, preventive intervention program, Children of Divorce-Coping with Divorce (CoD-CoD; Boring, 2011). It extends previous findings to a sample of eight youth from high-conflict families who recently initiated legal divorce proceedings. CoD-CoD is a cognitive-behavioral intervention that targets coping efficacy, coping strategies, and divorce-related cognitive appraisals. A multiple-baseline single case experimental design evaluated change in daily use of active and avoidant coping strategies and corresponding coping efficacy ratings. Individual patterns of change were inspected for the program’s putative mediator variables and overall mental health functioning. Results indicate that daily coping efficacy ratings increased for four participants and decreased for the three participants who reported the highest levels of exposure to interparental conflict. The majority of participants increased use of at least one type of active coping strategy and half decreased use of at least one type of avoidant coping strategy. There were no observed patterns of systematic change in divorce-related cognitive appraisals and changes in mental health functioning were mixed. An exploratory analysis found that youth were classified as "high-risk" on a psychometrically-sound risk index in 100% of cases with documentation of two or more conflict-indicative legal events in the family court file. The study findings are consistent with previous evidence of a moderated program effect on coping efficacy, although positive effects on youth-reported mental health functioning were not replicated. Findings are discussed within the context of a high-conflict sample with temporal proximity to the legal divorce and in light of study limitations. Research directions toward effectively connecting at-risk youth with evidence-based prevention services are detailed.
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Pimenta, Mauro José. "Caracterização do envolvimento parental em famílias bi-parentais de crianças a frequentar o jardim de infância/pré-escolar". Doctoral thesis, ISPA - Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/2208.
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Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Psicologia na área de especialização EducacionalA ascendência exercida pela Perspectiva Bio-Ecológica de Urie Bronfenbrenner (1994, 2005) marca este trabalho, onde se procura investigar o relacionamento de contextos, cuja influência no desenvolvimento das crianças a frequentar o jardim-de-infância/pré-escolar, dificilmente poderá ser refutada. Este trabalho organiza-se em 3 estudos emípricos:1) debruça-se sobre a possibilidade da existência de padrões distintos de envolvimento parental, considerando diferentes tipos de actividades que ocorrem no contexto das interacções no contexto familiar; 2) são analisadas as possíveis associações de um maior envolvimento dos pais e a adaptação psicossocial das crianças ao contexto escolar, nomeadamente a nível da qualidade do brincar e da competência social;e 3) procura-se ainda compreender os factores stressores e/ou benefícios sentidos pelos pais na gestão de trabalho e família e a sua relação com o envolvimento parental. Participaram entre 208 a 532 famílias bi-parentais, com filhos a frequentar o jardim-de-infância/ pré-escolar. De acordo com os resultados, o envolvimento parental oscila de acordo com o tipo de actividades considerado, sendo que os pais se parecem afastar dos domínios relativos aos Cuidados, enquanto se regista uma partilha nos outros domínios. De acordo com o tipo e nível de participação identificaram-se diferentes grupos de envolvimento: o Activo, o Intermédio e o Tradicional, sendo analisadas as suas características. Registou-se uma associação entre a qualidade do brincar e a competência social, não se tendo esclarecido totalmente a relação entre a qualidade do brincar e o envolvimento parental. Uma maior participação dos pais nas tarefas de Cuidados e de Socialização, está relacionada de modo significativo e negativo com a existência de conflito entre o trabalho e a família. Os resultados são discutidos de acordo com a literatura e apontadas futuras linhas de investigação.
----- ABSTRACT ----- The influence of Urie Bronfenbrenner’s Bio-Ecological theory (1994, 2005) is evident in this work, where we try to investigate the relationship of contexts, which influence on developing of pre-school/kindergarten children can hardly be refute. This work is broken down into three empirical studies: 1) the possibility of the existence of distinct patterns of parental involvement, considering different types of activities that occur in a family context; 2) analyzing the relation of further parental involvement along with the psychosocial adaptation to a school environment, directly based on the quality of children playing and also through a social competence; and 3) we look to understand the stress and/or beneficial factors felt by parents in the daily running of work and family life along side their parental involvement. A study between 208 and 532 bi-parental families with children in pre-school/kindergarten showed that, parental involvement oscillates depending on the activities in question, suggesting parents distance themselves from domains of Care, whilst there appears to be a sharing of other domains. In accordance with the different participation types and levels, we can identify and analyses the characteristics of the various groups of involvement: the Active, the Intermediate and the Traditional. It was noted that although there was a relation between the playing quality and social competence, the link between parental involvement and quality of playing was not completely evident. The existence of conflict between work and family demonstrates the significant and negative level of input from parents towards their children’s Care and Socialization. The results shown are argued in accordance to literature and future lines of investigation.
Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia
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Shapiro, Alyson F. "Examining relationships between the marriage, mother-father-baby interactions and infant emotion regulation /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9182.
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Swanson, Julie Anne. "Covert processes loyalty conflicts, child involvement, and parental alienation as mediators of the link between interparental conflict and college student adjustment /". Connect to this document online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1123013692.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Psychology, 2005.Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [1], iv, 65 p. : ill. Includes bibliographical references (p. 38-48).
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Daniels, Steve. "Intergenerational communication and parental care in American white pelicans, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, conflict or honesty?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23268.pdf.
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Cofrin, Ines S. "Parental emotion coaching how does it relate to attachment, anger, assertiveness, and conflict management? /". online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3260589.
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Woolfolk, Hannah Childs. "Happily Arguing: The Role of Parental Positive Emotions During Interparental Conflict on Child Functioning". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2019. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/1004.
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Research is lacking regarding the role of positive emotions expressed by parents during interparental conflict (IPC) on child functioning. This study examined the relationship between parents’ expressions of positive emotions (PE) during IPC and child functioning. Child functioning measures included children’s feelings of happiness during an IPC laboratory task between their parents, cognitions regarding IPC in the home, feelings of emotional security in the marital system, and psychological adjustment (i.e., internalizing and externalizing behaviors, and depression). In addition, this study tested whether PE predicted these measures of child functioning above and beyond conflict resolution, and whether child temperamental surgency moderated the relationship between PE and child functioning. It was hypothesized that more PE would be related to more adaptive child functioning scores (Research Question 1), and that this relationship would occur above and beyond conflict resolution (Research Question 2). Furthermore, it was hypothesized that for children with high levels of temperamental surgency, more PE would be related to more adaptive child functioning scores compared to less PE (Research Question 3), mainly due to the proclivity for surgent individuals to experience and express positive emotions more strongly compared to less-surgent individuals.
Participants included 98 parent dyads and their children between the ages of 9-11 years. The family triad came in to the laboratory and completed questionnaires and a problem discussion task in which parents discussed a conflict topic with their child present in the room. Trained coders coded parents’ expressions of happiness during the problem discussion task, as well as signs of conflict resolution. Children reported on their feelings of happiness immediately following the problem discussion, and on their perceptions of their parent’s IPCs and their feelings of depression. Mother’s reported on their children’s security in the marital system, internalizing and externalizing behaviors, and surgency traits. These child functioning measures were regressed on mother PE and father PE separately to determine whether parents’ expressions of PE were related to child functioning. Child gender, family socioeconomic status, and an average of parents’ negative emotions (i.e., anger, sadness, and fear) during the problem discussion were included in the analyses as potential covariates.
Results from Research Question 1 were such that mother PE was positively associated with children’s feelings of happiness during the problem discussion, and father PE was negatively associated with children's negative emotional reactivity (a component of children’s sense of emotional security in the marital system). Research Question 2 results showed that mother PE predicted child happiness above and beyond conflict resolution, and that father PE predicted children’s negative emotional reactivity above and beyond conflict resolution.
Finally, Research Question 3 results showed that child temperamental surgency moderated the relationship between mother and father PE and children’s reports of conflict properties (i.e., children’s perceptions of their parents’ conflicts as more frequent, more intense, and less resolved). Decomposition of the interactions indicated that as father PE increased, children with surgency scores in the top 66th percentile reported increases in conflict properties. Alternatively, for children with surgency scores below the 25th percentile, increases in father PE was associated with decreases in reports of conflict properties. All other analyses were nonsignificant. This study provides an important first step in determining whether parents’ expressions of positive emotions during IPC are related to child functioning, and whether child temperament plays a role in this relationship.
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Hollis, Joi. "Using a Risk Assessment to Predict Family Court Service Use in Custody Disputes". ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5630.
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Present research has offered few easy-to-administer, accurate, and psychometrically-tested screening tools. Additionally, a gap exists in peer-reviewed literature concerning effective utilization of a family risk assessment instrument to determine the appropriate services for families involved in high-conflict custody cases. The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine if the Child Risk Index for Divorced or Separating families (CRI-DS) can be used as an effective family risk assessment tool to identify specific family needs and refer families to relevant court-related family triage services and programs. This study was grounded by Kellam and Van Horn's life course/social field theory. This study was supported by archival data. Correlation and regression analyses of 5 research questions addressing the relationships between family risk, court use, and related court services. Correlation results indicated both gender and marital status were significantly associated with an elevated pretest CRI-DS score and likewise conflict intensity also tended to increase. Study findings were consistent with previous findings that stress of divorce and separation was exacerbated by parental conflict and impacted the core relationships within the family; having long-term negative effects on the psychological well-being of the children involved. Using the CRI-DS as a triage instrument can facilitate the determination of which interventive services may be implemented for at-risk youth of high-conflict families, therefore promoting positive social change through the potential to improve the lives of at-risk youth and their families.
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Miles, Claire J. "Marital conflict, parent-child relations and children's psychological adjustment : a longitudinal investigation into the role of parental warmth and hostility". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2005. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55632/.
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The corpus of research presented in this thesis applies a process-oriented perspective to understanding the interplay between marital conflict, parent-child relations and children's adjustment Specifically, this thesis focuses on the conceptually important question concerning the relative impact of parent-child warmth versus hostility on children's appraisals of the interparental and parent-child relationship, and how children's appraisals mediate the influence of parent-child relations on children's adjustment in the context of a discordant interparental relationship. Using data from a sample of over 500 children, parents and teachers living in the United Kingdom, a set of interlocking studies were conducted. First, two studies addressed the direction of effects between marital conflict and parent-child warmth and hostility, and between parent-child warmth and hostility and children's internalising symptoms and externalising problems. In addition, differences according to parent and child gender, and parent and child reports of interparental and parent-child relations were identified. This provided a necessary first step to confirm the orienting influence of marital conflict on the quality of parent-child relations, and to identify the influence of parent-child relations on children's adjustment, whilst also considering the theoretically plausible alternative that children's behaviour influences parents' expressions of warmth and hostility within parent-child relations, which, in turn, may influence the level of interparental conflict. Following on from this, a third study examined the mediating role of parent-child warmth and hostility in accounting for the relationship between interparental conflict and children's long-term internalising symptoms and externalising problems. This study examined the relative influence of parental hostile and rejecting behaviour versus warm and responsive behaviour on children's adjustment considered in the context of marital conflict. Finally, an integrative model examined whether the affective quality of parent-child relations determines children's appraisals of parent-child insecurity and children's perceptions of threat and self-blame derived from exposure to interparental conflict, and in turn, how these appraisals of marital and parent-child relations determine changes in children's symptoms of psychological and behavioural distress. Collectively, the studies contained within this thesis are among the very first to systematically consider the direction of effects between interparental conflict, parent- child warmth and hostility and children's adjustment and serve as a primer for researchers interested in factors that may reduce children's maladjustment in response to a discordant marital relationship.
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Arnold, Kate. "The influence of parental depression, interparental conflict and parent-child hostility on the development of psychopathology in children and adolescents". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/61383/.
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Parental depression has been highlighted as a major risk factor for the development of psychopathology in children and adolescents (Mars et al, 2012; Sellers et al, 2013). Garber & Martin (2002) suggest that the primary environmental stressor that children living with depressed parents are exposed to relates to the impact of maternal depression on marital conflict. Interparental conflict has been demonstrated to have negative effects on various aspects of family functioning and relationships. Strong associations between conflict levels in parental relationships and negative parent-child relationships support this theory (Erel & Burmann, 1995). The parent- child relationship is viewed as a central mechanism for the transmission of psychopathology across generations of a family (Rutter et al., 2010). This thesis examines the relationship between parental depression and family processes (specifically interparental and parent-child relationships) on the development of depressive and aggressive symptoms in children and adolescents. Four data sets examine these associations: a high risk sample of parents with recurrent depression and their adolescent children (Early Prediction of Adolescent Depression, EPADS), a community sample of low-risk adolescents and their families (Welsh Family Study, WFS), a sample of families who have conceived children using Artificial Reproductive Technologies (the Cardiff IVF Study, C-IVF) and a longitudinal adoption study (Early Growth and Development Study, EGDS). Findings from this thesis presents evidence that a process exists by which parental depressive symptoms contribute to the development of psychopathology in children and adolescents through disrupted interparental and parent-child relationships. Parental depression was consistently associated with interparental conflict, which in turn was associated with higher levels of parent-child hostility. For child outcomes, the most consistent finding was the association between parent-child hostility and child and adolescent symptoms of aggression. This was observed in all four data sets, in a variety of samples and across a range of developmental periods. The association was observed where adolescents were classed as being at either a high or low-risk for the development of psychopathology, and for those families where parents were rearing genetically related and genetically unrelated children.