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Gracenea, Zugarramurdi Mercedes. "Contribución al conocimiento de determinados aspectos de la bionomia de Brachylaima ruminae Mas-Coma et Montoliu 1985 (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae)". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673000.
Pełny tekst źródłaPardini, Alessandra Xavier. "Utilização de preparações antigênicas de cisticercos de Taenia crassiceps para pesquisa de anticorpos na neurocisticercose (Taenia solium)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9136/tde-27012015-130517/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe human taeniasis-cysticercosis complex represents an important socioeconomic and Public Health problem in developing countries, including Brazil. The most severe form of the disease is due to the localization of cysticerci in the Central Nervous System, i.e. neurocysticercosis. Due to the difficulty in obtaining parasites from naturally infected swine, we studied an alternative source consisting of Taenia crassiceps cysticerci (heterologous antigen) for the search of anti-cysticercus antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with neurocysticercosis. We studied the antigenic extracts of vesicular fluid of Taenia crassiceps cysticerci (VF-Tcra) and the purified fractions Concanavalin A (ConA-Tcra) obtained from an affinity column with lectin and fractionated glycoprotein (GP-Tcra) obtained from the VF-Tcra antigen by preparative electrophoresis. The VF-Tcra, ConA-Tcra and GP-Tcra antigens for the detection of IgG antibodies were assayed by ELISA in CSF samples and by immunoblot in CSF and serum samples. A commercial ELISA kit with T. solium antigen was also used. The sensitivity and specificity obtained for the VF-Tcra, ConA-Tcra and GP-Tcra were 100% in the ELISA test, with good reproducibility. The peptides in order of frequency of reactivity with the VF-Tcra antigen were: 14-11kD (100%), 62kD (100%), 68kD (100%), 91kD (76%), 25kD (70%), 46KD (64%), 18kD (58%), 43kD (23%), 9-8kD (17%), 56kD (11%), and 32kD (11%). The following peptides, in order of frequency were identified for the ConA-Tcra antigen: 14kD (100%), 28kD (66%), 18kD (55%), 46kD (44%), 43kD (22%), 94kD (22%), and 103kD (22%). Only peptides of 14-18kD were identified for the GP-Tcra antigen. CSF samples from patients with schistosomiasis did not show reactivity with the antigenic extracts and a CSF sample from a patient with neurosyphilis presented strong reactivity with low molecular weight (≤20kD) peptides for the three antigens also in the commercial ELISA with the T. solium antigen. The results confirm that T. crassicepsantigens are important alternative sources of antigenic extracts. The glycoprotein fractions proved to be efficient in detecting anti-T solium antibodies in CSF and serum samples trom patients with neurocysticercosis.
Hofstatter, Bianca Delgado Menezes. "Avaliação de diferentes extratos enzimáticos fúngicos sobre ovos de Ancylostoma spp". Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2013. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2323.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe role of companion animals or pets as zoonotic disease reservoirs has been recognized as a significant public health hazard throughout the world. Ancylostoma caninum and A. braziliense are zoonotic parasites which are transmitted to man through contact with soil contaminated with both eggs and larvae of these ancylostomids. The considerable prevalence of environmental contamination by Ancylostoma spp eggs, together with the difficulties of applying control measures and soil disinfection, as well as the development of resistance to anthelmintic therapy, highlights the need for alternative methods to help control these helminths. Taking into account that these nematodes spend part of their life cycle in the soil and that nematophagous fungi usually found in this ecosystem establish parasitic or predatory relationships with these parasites, thus playing an important role as natural enemies, the use of these agents in the effective control of nematodes is viable and desirable. Thus, nematophageous fungi can be used when the environment is already contaminated. This study aimed to determine helminth prevalence in dog feces collected on streets and parks in Pelotas County, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, as well as to evaluate the in vitro ovicidal activity of different crude enzymatic extract preparations of CG193 and MICLAB 009 Paecilomyces lilacinus, MICLAB 008 Trichoderma virens and CG502 Trichoderma harzianum fungal isolates on Ancylostoma spp. eggs. Fifteen random feces samples were collected from 14 different places in town between January and March 2012, totaling 210 samples, which were submitted to coproparasitological tests. The fungal isolates evaluated were grown in minimum liquid medium under agitation at 28ºC for five days. Fungal preparations consisted of supernatant liquid medium without filtration (crude extract), filtered (filtered extract), macerated mycelium (crude macerate), and macerated mycelium submitted to filtration (filtered macerate). Ancylostoma spp. eggs were obtained from the feces of naturally parasitized dogs. In vitro assays consisted of four treatments and one control group. 4mL of each fungal extract was poured into Petri dishes added with a 1 mL suspension containing approximately 103 Ancylostoma spp. eggs. The control group consisted of 1mL suspension containing 1000 Ancylostoma spp. eggs added with 4mL sterile distilled water. All dishes were incubated at 25º C for 24 hours. Each assay had five replicates. Following, the total number of larvae present in each treatment and in the control group was counted. The results obtained showed that the overall prevalence of environmental contamination on public streets and parks was 57,6%, including both mono (67,8%) and multi (32,2%) infections. Ancylostoma spp. was the most frequent occurrence (88,4%), followed by Trichuris vulpis. (38,8%). When evaluating the in vitro ovicidal activity, the different fungal formulations tested for each fungus were found to differ (p<0,05) from the control group, showing a relevant ovicidal effect. When the egg hatching reduction percentage was calculated, the highest reduction occurred when the crude macerate preparation was used, showing 68,43% and 47,05% MICLAB 009 and CG193 P. lilacinus and 56,43% T. harzianum reduction percentages, respectively. The crude macerate reduction percentage for the T. virens isolate (52,25%) was slightly lower than that for the filtered macerate (53,64%). The finding that 88,4% of the feces were positive for Ancylostoma spp. eggs not only reveals the high environmental contamination rates in the municipality of Pelotas, but also warns of the urgent need to implement health education and responsible dog ownership programs, as well as the need to adopt additional control measures. The evaluation of the ovicidal activity showed that, regardless of the fungal extract tested, the fungus species evaluated were effective in reducing Ancylostoma spp. egg hatchability, and thus are potential candidates for the biological control of this nematodeThe role of companion animals as reservoirs of zoonotic diseases has been recognized as significant public health problem worldwide.
O papel dos animais de companhia como reservatórios de doenças zoonóticas tem sido reconhecido como significativo problema de saúde pública em todo o mundo. Ancylostoma caninum e A. braziliense são parasitos zoonóticos transmitidos ao homem pelo contato com solos contaminados com ovos e larvas destes ancilostomídeos. As consideráveis prevalências de contaminação ambiental por ovos de Ancylostoma spp., aliada as dificuldades de medidas de controle e desinfecção do solo, assim como o surgimento de resistência a terapia anti-helmíntica, evidenciam a necessidade de métodos alternativos que auxiliem no controle destes helmintos. Considerando-se o fato que os nematoides que infectam animais gastam parte do seu ciclo de vida no solo e que os fungos nematófagos, comumente encontrados nesse ecossistema, desenvolvem relações parasíticas ou predatórias com esses parasitos, desempenhando importante papel como inimigos naturais, torna-se viável e desejável o emprego destes agentes no controle eficaz de nematoides. Desta forma, os fungos nematófagos podem ser utilizados em situações em que o ambiente já está contaminado. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram verificar a prevalência de helmintos em fezes de cães coletadas em vias públicas do município de Pelotas, RS, Brasil, e avaliar a atividade ovicida in vitro de diferentes preparações de extratos brutos enzimáticos dos isolados fúngicos Paecilomyces lilacinus CG193, P. lilacinus MICLAB 009, Trichoderma virens MICLAB 008 e Trichoderma harzianum CG502 sobre ovos de Ancylostoma spp. No período de janeiro a março de 2012 foram coletadas aleatoriamente 15 amostras de fezes em 14 pontos do município, totalizando 210 amostras, as quais foram submetidas a exames coproparasitológicos. Os isolados fúngicos avaliados foram cultivados em meio mínimo líquido, em agitação, durante cinco dias a 28ºC. As preparações fúngicas consistiram do meio líquido sobrenadante sem filtração (extrato bruto) e filtrado (extrato filtrado), do micélio macerado (macerado bruto) e micélio macerado submetido a filtração (macerado filtrado). Os ovos de Ancylostoma spp. foram obtidos a partir de fezes de cães naturalmente parasitados. Os ensaios in vitro consistiram em quatro tratamentos e um grupo controle. Em placas de Petri foram vertidos 4mL de cada extrato fúngico e a esse volume foi acrescido 1mL de uma suspensão contendo aproximadamente 103 ovos de Ancylostoma spp. O grupo controle consistiu de 1mL de suspensão contendo 1000 ovos de Ancylostoma spp. acrescido de 4mL de água destilada estéril. Todas as placas foram incubadas a 25ºC, durante 24 horas. Cada ensaio foi constituído de cinco repetições. Após esse período, o número total de larvas presente em cada tratamento e no grupo controle foi contato. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a prevalência geral de contaminação ambiental em vias públicas foi de 57,6% tanto em mono (67,8%) como em multi-infecções (32,2%). Ancylostoma spp. ocorreu em maior frequência (88,4%), seguido de Trichuris vulpis. (38,8%). Na avaliação da atividade ovicida in vitro foi observado que as diferentes formulações fúngicas testadas em cada fungo diferiram (p<0,05) do grupo controle, evidenciando relevante efeito ovicida. Quando calculado o percentual de redução de eclosão dos ovos, evidenciou-se que o maior valor de redução ocorreu quando utilizada a preparação macerado bruto, com percentuais de redução de 68,43% e 47,05% em P. lilacinus MICLAB009 e CG193, respectivamente, e 56,43% em T. harzianum. Apenas no isolado T. virens o percentual de redução do macerado bruto (52,25%) foi levemente inferior ao macerado filtrado (53,64%). O encontro de 88,4% de fezes positivas para ovos de Ancylostoma spp., além de evidenciar as altas taxas de contaminação ambiental no município de Pelotas, alertam para urgente implementação de programas de educação sanitária e de posse responsável dos cães, assim como para a necessidade da adoção de medidas complementares de controle. A avaliação da atividade ovicida mostrou que independente do extrato fúngico testado, as espécies de fungos avaliadas foram eficazes em reduzir a eclodibilidade de ovos de Ancylostoma spp. e, portanto, constituem-se em potenciais candidatos para o emprego no controle biológico deste nematoide.
Dallarés, Villar Sara Maria. "Twenty thousand parasites under the sea: a multidisciplinary approach to parasite communities of deep-dwelling fishes from the slopes of the Balearic Sea (NW Mediterranean)". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/402224.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Mediterranean deep-sea remains mostly unexplored and, specifically, the parasite communities of Mediterranean deep-dwelling fishes are largely unknown. The central purpose of the present thesis is to characterize the parasite communities infecting the following important deep-dwelling ichthyc species in the Balearic Sea: Mora moro (Risso, 1810), Phycis blennoides (Brünnich, 1768), Galeus melastomus Rafinesque, 1810, Scyliorhinus canicula (Linnaeus, 1758), Etmopterus spinax (Linnaeus, 1758) and Centroscymnus coelolepis Barbosa du Bocage and de Brito Capello, 1864. Another main objective is to assess the responsiveness of these parasite communities to environmental gradients and variables, to host diet and trophic ecology and their possible impact on host health condition. In the third to sixth chapters, the parasite communities of the mentioned species are described on different seasons, depth strata and localities from the mainland and insular slopes of the Balearic Sea. While parasite communities of M. moro, P. blennoides and G. melastomus were characterized by high abundance, richness and diversity values, those of S. canicula, E. spinax and C. coelolepis were comparatively poorer and less diverse. Ontogenic, bathymetric, seasonal and geographic differences in the parasite communities of the different species addressed were detected, in all cases linked to the feeding dynamics (in turn linked to prey availability across the mentioned gradients, in most cases) of their hosts. Detailed relationships were found between parasite taxa and prey ingested by the different hosts, allowing confirmation of the transmission pathways known for some parasites and suggesting new ways of infection in others. Most parasites were linked to high O2 and turbidity levels. While the former enhances the abundance of parasites with indirect life cycles as a result of zooplankton proliferation and the associated aggregation of potential intermediate hosts, the latter favours parasite transmission and increases parasite loads due to an increase of zooplankton and suprabenthic invertebrate communities linked to higher nutrient availability. High water salinity levels seemed to be linked to higher abundance of the nematodes Hysterothylacium aduncum and Proleptus obtusus, probably because salinity correlates with the abundance of decapods and mysids, among others, which are used by these nematodes as intermediate hosts. In turn, high water temperature levels correlated with the abundance of monogenean parasites, likely due to enhanced egg hatching success and reduced time to maturity, as previously reported for these parasites. An inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity and increased lipid peroxidation levels were detected in different fish species, possibly associated to infection-related stress. In general, parasite burden did not have a significant effect on fish general condition indices or on the number and/or surface of splenic melano-macrophage or macrophage centres in the case of teleosts, or on the number of hepatic melano-macrophages in the case of G. melastomus. In the seventh chapter, morphological, molecular and ecological data of different developmental stages of the cestode Ditrachybothridium macrocephalum are provided for the first time from its definitive host, G. melastomus, in the Mediterranean Sea. In the eighth chapter, the cestode family Sphyriocephalidae is revised. The new species Heterosphyriocephalus encarnae n. sp. is described, and two already existing species, Sphyriocephalus viridis and Sphyriocephalus tergestinus are further redescribed based on morphological and molecular data of newly-collected and museum material.
Pérez, García David. "A journey to the deeps of the sea: parasite communities of the Alepocephalidae and the Macrouridae in the Balearic Sea (NW Mediterranean)". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/402267.
Pełny tekst źródłaDespite the great number of studies on the Mediterranean, its deep sea remains largely unknown, especially in relation to its parasite fauna. Parasites are important components of ecosystems. Being ubiquitous throughout all food webs, they can provide significant information of their hosts. In addition, it is expected that host respond to the harmful effects of parasites at different levels. Moreover, histo-cytological alterations and/or variations on the levels of certain biochemical markers can be related to the presence of parasites and are means to evaluate fish health. Since most of the important deep Mediterranean fishes are still largely unknown, their parasites can prove to be valuable sources of information. Alepocephalus rostratus and Macrouridae are important components of the fish community along the deep slope of the Balearic Sea. For this reason, the objectives of the present thesis are to characterize for the first time the parasite communities of Alepocephalus rostratus, and the macrourids Coelorinchus caelorhincus, Coelorinchus mediterraneus, Coryphaenoides guentheri and Coryphaenoides mediterraneus, their natural variability and their effects on fish health in the Balearic Sea. In addition, the relationship between the trophic profile of hosts and parasite communities will be discussed. The parasite communities of A. rostratus were constituted by little number of species (seven metazoan species and one coccidian). Low richness together with the high proportion of parasite larval forms are usually characteristic of meso- and bathypelagic fish species. This is probably due to the specialized diet of A. rostratus on planktonic organisms. The larval tetraphyllideans and cucullanid nematodes were the predominant species. A positive relationship was found between acetylcholinesterase activity and Tetraphyllidea fam. gen. sp., Anisakis physeteris and H. aduncum abundance and a negative one with the abundance of Cucullaninae gen. sp. Lactate dehydrogenase showed a positive relationship with the abundance of the parasites Paracyclocotyla cherbonnieri and Tetraphyllidea fam. gen. sp. Coccidians were detected in the pyloric caeca with a prevalence of 90% in Barcelona. A total of 11 parasite taxa were found among the four macrourids studied, being the copepod Hamaticolax resupinus the only parasite shared by all of them. Coelorinchus mediterraneus, C. guentheri and Cor. mediterraneus exhibited rather homogeneous parasite communities, especially in the case of the latter two, probably due to their similar diet composition. Coelorinchus mediterraneus showed the highest richness of parasite taxa (eight species), whereas C. guentheri and Cor. mediterraneus harboured up to five and six, respectively, and C. caelorhincus up to three. Several of the encountered parasites occurred at very low prevalence (<10%), while only three species were exceptionally prevalent and abundant: Cucullanidae fam. gen. sp. larvae in C. caelorhincus; Lepidapedon desclersae in Coe. mediterraneus and Hysterothylacium aduncum in both Coryphaenoides spp. Few parasite effects on fish health were reflected at enzymatic and histological level, probably due to the low parasite burden in their hosts. Hamaticolax resupinus n. sp. is described for the first time from Coe. mediterraneus and Cor. mediterraneus. It is the second Hamaticolax species that parasitizes a macrourid species and it is the deepest bomolochid encountered worldwide. Hamaticolax resupinus is smaller than its closely related species H. maleus, females have wider genital double-somite markedly wider than free abdominal somites and with convex lateral margins. Raphidascaris (R.) macrouri n. sp. is described for the first time from the deep Mediterranean macrourids Nezumia aequalis and Trachyrincus scabrus. This species differentiates from the rest of the subgenus by having high number of caudal papillae and short spicules.
Dhorda, Mehul. "Molecular parasitology and diagnosis of Malaria in pregnancy". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066405.
Pełny tekst źródłaAmorim, Jandui Almeida [UNESP]. "Levantamento de sarcofagídeos(Diptera) do Brasil incluindo a caracterização molecular de Peckia (Pattonella) intermutans (Walker)". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87797.
Pełny tekst źródłaTendo em vista a grande similaridade interespecífica, a identificação de muitos sarcofagídeos usando os caracteres morfológicos é complicada e, sob este aspecto, o desenvolvimento e a aplicação de ferramentas moleculares se mostram cada vez mais necessários à resolução taxonômica e sistemática de diversas espécies. Os dípteros da família Sarcophagidae, especialmente os de hábito necrófilo, têm recebido destaque no campo forense devido à constância com que são encontrados associados a cadáveres, podendo contribuir de forma relevante na estimativa do intervalo pós-morte (IPM), descoberta do local e causa da morte, entre outros. No entanto, para que os espécimes coletados sejam usados de forma apropriada na obtenção de informações para auxiliar o trabalho de perícia, é primordial a identificação correta dos organismos, já que o IPM pode ser calculado com base na taxa de desenvolvimento que varia entre as diferentes espécies. Neste estudo, 194 espécies pertencentes à subfamília Sarcophaginae (Diptera), incluídas em 30 gêneros, são listadas levando em conta suas respectivas distribuições geográficas registradas no território brasileiro. Os gêneros que apresentaram uma grande diversidade de espécies foram Oxysarcodexia (24,7%), Lepidodexia (10,9%), Peckia (10,3%) e Dexosarcophaga (8%). Oxysarcodexia amorosa, O. thornax, Peckia (Euboettcheria) collusor, Peckia (Pattonella) intermutans e Sarcodexia lambens são encontradas na maioria dos estados brasileiros. No arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, além de Nephochaetopteryx calida, que não apresenta até o momento registro de ocorrência para as localidades continentais, foram encontradas espécies de ampla distribuição no Brasil: O.thornax, (Peckia) chrysostoma e Tricharae (Sarcophagula) occidua. Adicionalmente, a análise da variabilidade genética entre representantes de populações de Peckia...
Due to high interspecific similarity, the identification of many sarcophagids by morphological characters is complicated and, in this way, the development and application of molecular tools have been required to address taxonomic and systematic species. The flies of the Sarcophagidae family, especially necrophagous species, have received attention in the forensic field because of the frequence with which they are found associated with cadavers, thus may contribute to estimate the post-mortem interval (:eMI), the discovery of place and cause of death, among other. However, for the specimens collected are used properly in obtaining information to assist the investigation, the correct identification of species is essential, since the PMI can based on the development rate that varies among different species. In this study, 194 species belonging to the Sarcophaginae subtribe (Diptera), included in 30 genus, are listed taking into account their geographic distribution throughout the Brazilian territory. The genus that showed a great species diversity were: Oxysarcodexia (24.7%), Lepidodexia (10.9%), Peckia (10.3%) and Dexosarcophaga (8%). Oxysarcodexia amorosa, 0. thornax, Peckia (Euboettcheria) collusor, Peckia (Pattonella) intermutans and Sarcodexia lambens are found in most Brazilian states, and only 3 of these were recorded in Fernando de Noronha archipelago, including Nephochaetopteryx calida, which until now has no record of occurrence for continental locations. Furthermore, genetic variability analysis among population of Peckia (Pattonella) intermutans (Walker) from Campinas, Jundiai, Mogi Guayu, Ubatuba (all cities located in Sao Paulo State) and Salvador (Bahia State) were performed based on sequences of carboxy-terminal region of the Cytochrome Oxidase I (COl) mitochondrial gene. This latter approach may help to validate a methodology for molecular identification of species... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Pedrassani, Daniela [UNESP]. "Aspectos morfológicos, imunológicos e epidemiológicos do Dioctophyme renale em cães no Distrito de São Cristóvão, Três Barras, Santa Catarina". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103838.
Pełny tekst źródłaUniversidade do Contestado-Campus Canoinhas
Pedrassani, Daniela. "Aspectos morfológicos, imunológicos e epidemiológicos do Dioctophyme renale em cães no Distrito de São Cristóvão, Três Barras, Santa Catarina /". Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103838.
Pełny tekst źródłaBanca: Milton Hissashi Yamamura
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Gállego, Culleré M. (Montserrat). "Contribución al conocimiento de la acarofauna de los micromamíferos de la región catalana". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672995.
Pełny tekst źródłaKatagiri, Satie [UNESP]. "Avaliação de duas técnicas coproparasitológicas convencionais e de um kit comercial na investigação da epidemiologia de parasitas gastrintestinais de cães no Estado de São Paulo". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89304.
Pełny tekst źródłaUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
As técnicas coproparasitológicas de concentração por sedimentação e por flutuação e o kit TF-Test® foram utilizadas na investigação da epidemiologia dos parasitas gastrintestinais de cães no Estado de São Paulo. Amostras de fezes de 129 cães errantes e de 125 domiciliados foram colhidas de outubro de 2004 a setembro de 2005 e processadas de acordo com os protocolos do kit TF Test® e dos métodos de centrífugo-sedimentação e centrífugo-flutuação. Os seguintes parasitas e suas respectivas freqüências foram detectados: Ancylostoma spp. (38,2%), Giardia sp. (16,9%), Toxocara canis (8,7%), Tnchuns vulpis (7,1%), Isospora spp. (3,5%), Sarcocystís spp. (2,7%) e Dipy!idium caninum (2,4%). Dos 132 animais parasitados, 79 apresentaram parasitismo único e 53 estavam parasitados por dois ou mais gêneros e/ou espécies. Em cães errantes a prevalência de Ancylostoma spp., T. canis e Giardia sp. e a ocorrência de poliparasitismo foi maior (P < 0,01) que em animais domiciliados. Não houve diferença na freqüência de parasitas intestinais relacionada ao sexo, raça ou ao tratamento anti-helmíntico dos animais (P > 0,05), no entanto a freqüência de T. canis foi maior (P < 0,05) em cães jovens. Com relação à sazonalidade, a detecção de cistos de Giardia sp. foi mais freqüente nos meses de outubro a março. A sensibilidade diagnóstica do método de centrífugo-flutuação foi maior para todos os parasitas intestinais diagnosticados, porém somente no caso de Ancylostoma spp. essa diferença (P <0,05) se expressou em termos de uma maior freqüência de detecção de cães infectados. O elenco de parasitas diagnosticados na região estudada faz com que a técnica de centrifugo-flutuação com sulfato de zinco seja a mais apropriada tanto para os estudos epidemiológicos como para o diagnóstico individual, especialmente nas infecções subclínicas.
The sedimentation and flotation procedures for concentration of fecal specimens and the commercial device TF were used, in an epidemiological investigation of gastrointestinal parasites of dogs in São Paulo state. Fecal samples from 129 stray dogs and 125 dogs with an owner were collected from October 2004 to September 2005. AlI samples were concentrated by the sedimentation and flotation methods and by TF-Test® device. The following parasites, and their respective frequency were diagnosed in fecal samples : Ancylostoma spp. (38,2%), Giardia sp. (16,9%), Toxocara canis (8,7%), Tnchuris vulpis (7,1%), Isospora spp. (3,5%), Sarcocystis spp. (2,7%) and Dipylidium caninum (2,4%). Fifty-three out of 132 infected animais had mixed infection with two or more parasite genera. The prevalence of Ancy!ostoma spp., 1 canis and Giardia sp. as well as the occurrence of mixed infections were significantly higher in stray dogs (P <0,01) than in dogs with an owner. No effect of gender, breed and anti-helminthic treatment (P> 0,05) on the parasite frequency was observed, but the frequency of T. canis was higher (P < 0,05) in young animais. Giardia sp. cysts were more frequently detected from October to March. The centrifugation-flotation method was generally more accurate in the diagnosis of ali intestinal parasites of dogs, but only for Ancylostoma spp. this difference was observed in terms of prevalence. The species of parasites found in the studied region make the zinc sulfate flotation the most appropriate method not only to epidemiological studies, but also to individual diagnosis, speciaily in subciinical infections.
Nagata, Walter Bertequini. "Validação da técnica TF-Test Coccidia para detecção de Cryptosporidium spp. e Giardia spp. em crianças de pré-escola e seus respectivos cães (Canis familiaris) /". Araçatuba, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183347.
Pełny tekst źródłaResumo: A criptosporidiose e a giardíase são doenças gastrointestinais, com distribuição cosmopolita, causada, respectivamente, por um protozoário coccídio intracelular obrigatório e um parasito flagelado, que pode afetar humanos e animais. O objetivo neste projeto foi detectar por meio da técnica TF-Test Coccidia e pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (RCP), a ocorrência do Cryptosporidium spp. e a Giardia spp. em crianças de pré-escola e seus respectivos cães (Canis familiaris) do Município de Araçatuba, São Paulo, de maneira inédita. Para a identificação dos oocistos do parasito supramencionado foi empregada a nova técnica parasitológica TF-Test Coccidia e RCP. A partir da análise destas amostras, verificou-se que 35,00% (35/100) das crianças estavam infectadas por alguma espécie de parasito intestinal, sendo que 5,00% eram positivas microscopicamente para Cryptosporidium spp. e 30,00% para Giardia spp. Nos cães, 3,13% (1/32) foram considerados positivos para Giardia spp., embora nenhum animal apresentasse oocisto de Cryptosporidium spp. nas fezes. Pela PCR 3,00% das crianças foram positivas para Cryptosporidium spp. e 35,00% para Giardia spp.. Enquanto que para os cães, pela mesma técnica molecular, nenhum animal foi considerado positivo para Cryptosporidium spp. e apenas 6,25% foram positivos para Giardia spp.. Dessa forma, foi verificado que a técnica parasitológica TF-Test Coccidia apresentou boa concentração e morfologia dos parasitos encontrados, com baixa quantidade de debri... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis are gastrointestinal diseases with cosmopolitan distribution, caused respectively by a compulsory intracellular coccidial protozoan and a flagellated parasite, which can affect humans and animals. The objective of this project was to detect by the technique TF-Test Coccidia and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in pre-school children and their respective dogs (Canis familiaris) from the Municipality of Araçatuba, São Paulo. For the identification of oocysts of the parasite the new parasitological technique TF-Test Coccidia and PCR were used. From the analysis of these samples, it was verified that 35.00% (35/100) of the children were infected by some kind of intestinal parasite, and 5.00% were microscopically positive for Cryptosporidium spp. and 30,00% for Giardia spp.. In dogs, 3.13% (1/32) were considered positive for Giardia spp., although no animal presented Cryptosporidium spp. Oocyst. in the stool. By PCR 3.00% of the children were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. and 35.00% for Giardia spp.. While for dogs, by the same molecular technique, no animals were considered positive for Cryptosporidium spp. and only 6.25% were positive for Giardia spp.. Thus, was verified that the parasitological technique TF-Test Coccidia presented good concentration and morphology of the parasites found, with a low amount of debris in the fecal smear. For the first time, Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Constantine, Clare Colleen. "Molecular markers, analysis and the population genetics of parasites". Thesis, Constantine, Clare Colleen (2002) Molecular markers, analysis and the population genetics of parasites. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2002. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/662/.
Pełny tekst źródłaConstantine, Clare Colleen. "Molecular markers, analysis and the population genetics of parasites /". Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2002. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20050817.102006.
Pełny tekst źródłaNewman, Christopher. "The demography and parasitology of the Wytham Woods' badger population". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343438.
Pełny tekst źródłaAlmeida, Fabiana Alves de [UNESP]. "Caracterização da resistência a anti-helmíntico de isolados de Haemonchus contortus e trichostrongylus colubriformis orieundo de ovinos". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87795.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O estudo teve por objetivo determinar o grau de eficácia da levamisol, albendazol, ivermectina, moxidectina, closantel e triclorfon em isolados de Haemonchus contortus e Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Quarenta e dois cordeiros da raça Santa Inês, com três meses de idade, foram infectados artificialmente com 4000 larvas infectantes (L3) de H. contortus e 4000 L3 de T. colubriformis. Os animais foram separados em sete grupos, com seis animais cada, os quais receberam os seguintes tratamentos: Grupo 1 – controle, sem tratamento; Grupo 2 - moxidectina injetável (0,2 mg/kg de peso vivo (PV), Cydectin®, Fort Dodge), Grupo 3 - closantel via oral (10 mg/kg de PV, Zuletel®, Laboratório Microsules) Grupo 4 – triclorfon via oral (100 mg/kg de PV, Neguvon®, Bayer); Grupo 5 – fosfato de levamisol injetável (4,7 mg/kg de PV, Ripercol®, Fort Dodge), Grupo 6 - albendazol via oral (5,0 mg/kg de PV, Valbazen®, Pfizer) e o Grupo 7- tratado com ivermectina injetável (0,2 mg/kg de PV, Ivomec® , Merial). A via de administração e a dosagem empregada foram realizadas de acordo com as instruções do fabricante. Amostras de fezes foram coletadas no dia do tratamento, três, sete, 10 e 14 dias após, para a realização de contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) e cultura de fezes para obtenção e posterior identificação das L3. Os animais foram sacrificados 14 dias após o tratamento para obtenção e quantificação dos vermes presentes no abomaso e no intestino delgado. A eficácia dos tratamentos foi calculada a partir da média aritmética do OPG ou número total de vermes encontrados nos grupos tratados em comparação com os valores do grupo controle. As reduções percentuais das cargas parasitárias de H. contortus foram de 17% para o albendazol, 10% para o levamisol, 45% para moxidectina, 20% para ivermectina, 23% para o closantel e 73% para o triclorfon...
The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of levamisole, albendazole, ivermectin, moxidectin, closantel and trichlorfon, against Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis isolates. Forty-two lambs of the Santa Ines breed, at three months of age, were simultaneously artificially infected with 4000 infective H. contortus larvae (L3) and 4000 T. colubriformis L3. The animals were divided into seven groups with six animals each that received one of the following treatments: Group 1 - control, no treatment; Group 2 - moxidectin (0.2 mg/kg body weight (BW), Cydectin®, Fort Dodge); Group 3 - closantel (10 mg/kg BW, 10% Zuletel®, Microsules Laboratories); Group 4 - trichlorfon (100 mg/kg BW, Neguvon®, Bayer); Group 5 – levamisole phosphate (4.7 mg/kg BW, Ripercol®, Fort Dodge); Group 6 - albendazole (5.0 mg/kg BW, Valbazen®, Pfizer); and Group 7 - treated with ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg BW, Ivomec®, Merial). Fecal samples were collected 3, 7, 10 and 14 days after treatment and processed for nematode fecal egg counts (FEC) and fecal cultures for the production and subsequent identification of L3. The animals were sacrificed 14 days after treatment for collection and quantification of the worms in the abomasum and small intestine. The efficacy of the treatments was calculated from the arithmetic mean of the FEC or worm burden of the treated groups, compared with the values of the control group. The percentage reductions in H. contortus worm burdens were 17% for albendazole, 10% for levamisole, 45% for moxidectin, 20% for ivermectina, 23% for closantel and 73% for trichlorfon. Reductions for T. colubriformis were 19% for albendazole, 28% for ivermectin, 82% for moxidectin and 0% for levamisole, closantel and trichlorfon. The fecal examination was not effective for the detection of resistance to T. colubriformis, since T. colubriformis L3 were not detected... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Rocha, Cláudia Solano [UNESP]. "Análise da relação filogenética entre Triatoma carcavalloi Jurberg, Rocha; Lent, 1998; Triatoma circummaculata Stal, 1859; Triatoma klugi Carcavallo, Jurberg, Lent; Galvão, 2001 e Triatoma rubrovaria Blanchard, 1843 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) baseada no sequenciamento de genes do DNA mitocondrial e nuclear". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/127536.
Pełny tekst źródłaFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A subfamila Triatominae compreende 146 espécies, agrupadas em 18 gêneros e cinco tribos. O gênero Triatoma é o mais representativo da subfamília com 80 espécies descritas, as quais estão agrupadas em oito complexos e oito subcomplexos, sendo essa classificação baseada principalmente em características morfológicas. Triatoma rubravaria é considerado um importante vetor na transmissão da doença de Chagas no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, uma vez que houve um aumento de sua captura e encontros de colônias intradomiciliares após o programa de combate ao T. infestans. Possui hábitos rupestres e é encontrado em buracos e fendas de locais pedregosos, juntamente com T. carcavalloi, T. circummaculata e T.klugi, os quais mostram semelhanças morfológicas. Marcadores moleculares pertencentes ao DNA nuclear, como os espaçadores internos transcritos (ITS) apresentam uma evolução mais rápida, permitindo estabelecer relações recentes ao passo que a grande subunidade ribossomal 28S (D2), por ser bem conservado, permite estabelecer relação entre organismos distantemente relacionados. Marcadores mitocondriais (Citocromo B - CytB e Citocromo Oxidase I - COI) apresentam taxa de mudança dez vezes mais rápida que aquelas apresentadas pelo DNA nuclear, sendo, portanto, úteis para estabelecer relações filogenéticas entre organismos que divergiram recentemente. A análise Bayesiana por meio de sequencias pertecentes ao mtDNA (CytB e COI) reafirmam o posicionamento de espécies no subcomplexo rubrovaria e indica T. carcavalloi como espécie irmã do grupo formado por T. klugi + T. rubrovaria + T. circummaculata. A análise bayesiana de seis populações de T. rubrovaria mostrou a população coletada em Canguçu isolada das demais, sugerindo que se trata de espécie críptica.
The subfamily Triatominae comprises 146 species grouped in 18 genera and five tribes. The genus Triatoma is the most representative subfamily with 80 described species, which are grouped into eight complex and eight subcomplexes and this classification being based primarily on morphological characteristics. Triatoma rubravaria is considered an important vector in the transmission of Chagas disease in the state of Rio Grande do Sul since it was detected an increase of their capture and meetings colonies household after the program to combat of T. infestans. T. rubrovaria is found in groves and crevices of rocky areas within T. carcavalloi, T. circummaculata and T.klugi, which show morphological similarities. Molecular markers belonging to the nuclear DNA, as the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) have more rapid evolution, establishing recent relationships while the large ribosomal subunit 28S (D2), being well maintained, allows establishing the relationship between distantly related organisms. Mitochondrial markers (Cytochrome B - CytB and Cytochrome Oxidase I - COI) present a rate of change ten times faster than those presented by nuclear DNA, and are therefore useful for establishing phylogenetic relationships between organisms that diverged recently. A Bayesian analysis using mtDNA sequences belonging to (CytB and COI) reaffirmed the positioning of the species and indicates subcomplex rubrovaria and indicates T. carcavalloi as sister species from the group of T. klugi + T. rubrovaria + T. circummaculata. A Bayesian analysis of six populations of T. rubrovaria showed the population collected in Canguçu isolated from the others, suggesting that they are cryptic species.
FAPESP: 09/52236-2
Amorim, Jandui Almeida. "Levantamento de sarcofagídeos(Diptera) do Brasil incluindo a caracterização molecular de Peckia (Pattonella) intermutans (Walker) /". Botucatu : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87797.
Pełny tekst źródłaBanca: Wesley Augusto Conde Godoy
Banca: Roseli Tuan
Resumo: Tendo em vista a grande similaridade interespecífica, a identificação de muitos sarcofagídeos usando os caracteres morfológicos é complicada e, sob este aspecto, o desenvolvimento e a aplicação de ferramentas moleculares se mostram cada vez mais necessários à resolução taxonômica e sistemática de diversas espécies. Os dípteros da família Sarcophagidae, especialmente os de hábito necrófilo, têm recebido destaque no campo forense devido à constância com que são encontrados associados a cadáveres, podendo contribuir de forma relevante na estimativa do intervalo pós-morte (IPM), descoberta do local e causa da morte, entre outros. No entanto, para que os espécimes coletados sejam usados de forma apropriada na obtenção de informações para auxiliar o trabalho de perícia, é primordial a identificação correta dos organismos, já que o IPM pode ser calculado com base na taxa de desenvolvimento que varia entre as diferentes espécies. Neste estudo, 194 espécies pertencentes à subfamília Sarcophaginae (Diptera), incluídas em 30 gêneros, são listadas levando em conta suas respectivas distribuições geográficas registradas no território brasileiro. Os gêneros que apresentaram uma grande diversidade de espécies foram Oxysarcodexia (24,7%), Lepidodexia (10,9%), Peckia (10,3%) e Dexosarcophaga (8%). Oxysarcodexia amorosa, O. thornax, Peckia (Euboettcheria) collusor, Peckia (Pattonella) intermutans e Sarcodexia lambens são encontradas na maioria dos estados brasileiros. No arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, além de Nephochaetopteryx calida, que não apresenta até o momento registro de ocorrência para as localidades continentais, foram encontradas espécies de ampla distribuição no Brasil: O.thornax, (Peckia) chrysostoma e Tricharae (Sarcophagula) occidua. Adicionalmente, a análise da variabilidade genética entre representantes de populações de Peckia... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Due to high interspecific similarity, the identification of many sarcophagids by morphological characters is complicated and, in this way, the development and application of molecular tools have been required to address taxonomic and systematic species. The flies of the Sarcophagidae family, especially necrophagous species, have received attention in the forensic field because of the frequence with which they are found associated with cadavers, thus may contribute to estimate the post-mortem interval (:eMI), the discovery of place and cause of death, among other. However, for the specimens collected are used properly in obtaining information to assist the investigation, the correct identification of species is essential, since the PMI can based on the development rate that varies among different species. In this study, 194 species belonging to the Sarcophaginae subtribe (Diptera), included in 30 genus, are listed taking into account their geographic distribution throughout the Brazilian territory. The genus that showed a great species diversity were: Oxysarcodexia (24.7%), Lepidodexia (10.9%), Peckia (10.3%) and Dexosarcophaga (8%). Oxysarcodexia amorosa, 0. thornax, Peckia (Euboettcheria) collusor, Peckia (Pattonella) intermutans and Sarcodexia lambens are found in most Brazilian states, and only 3 of these were recorded in Fernando de Noronha archipelago, including Nephochaetopteryx calida, which until now has no record of occurrence for continental locations. Furthermore, genetic variability analysis among population of Peckia (Pattonella) intermutans (Walker) from Campinas, Jundiai, Mogi Guayu, Ubatuba (all cities located in Sao Paulo State) and Salvador (Bahia State) were performed based on sequences of carboxy-terminal region of the Cytochrome Oxidase I (COl) mitochondrial gene. This latter approach may help to validate a methodology for molecular identification of species... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Rocha, Cláudia Solano. "Análise da relação filogenética entre Triatoma carcavalloi Jurberg, Rocha; Lent, 1998; Triatoma circummaculata Stal, 1859; Triatoma klugi Carcavallo, Jurberg, Lent; Galvão, 2001 e Triatoma rubrovaria Blanchard, 1843 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) baseada no sequenciamento de genes do DNA mitocondrial e nuclear /". Araraquara, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/127536.
Pełny tekst źródłaBanca: Maria Tercília Vilela de Azeredo Oliveira
Banca: José Clóvis do Prado Júnior
Banca: Marcos Takashi Obara
Banca: Carlos Eduardo de Almeida
Resumo: A subfamila Triatominae compreende 146 espécies, agrupadas em 18 gêneros e cinco tribos. O gênero Triatoma é o mais representativo da subfamília com 80 espécies descritas, as quais estão agrupadas em oito complexos e oito subcomplexos, sendo essa classificação baseada principalmente em características morfológicas. Triatoma rubravaria é considerado um importante vetor na transmissão da doença de Chagas no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, uma vez que houve um aumento de sua captura e encontros de colônias intradomiciliares após o programa de combate ao T. infestans. Possui hábitos rupestres e é encontrado em buracos e fendas de locais pedregosos, juntamente com T. carcavalloi, T. circummaculata e T.klugi, os quais mostram semelhanças morfológicas. Marcadores moleculares pertencentes ao DNA nuclear, como os espaçadores internos transcritos (ITS) apresentam uma evolução mais rápida, permitindo estabelecer relações recentes ao passo que a grande subunidade ribossomal 28S (D2), por ser bem conservado, permite estabelecer relação entre organismos distantemente relacionados. Marcadores mitocondriais (Citocromo B - CytB e Citocromo Oxidase I - COI) apresentam taxa de mudança dez vezes mais rápida que aquelas apresentadas pelo DNA nuclear, sendo, portanto, úteis para estabelecer relações filogenéticas entre organismos que divergiram recentemente. A análise Bayesiana por meio de sequencias pertecentes ao mtDNA (CytB e COI) reafirmam o posicionamento de espécies no subcomplexo rubrovaria e indica T. carcavalloi como espécie irmã do grupo formado por T. klugi + T. rubrovaria + T. circummaculata. A análise bayesiana de seis populações de T. rubrovaria mostrou a população coletada em Canguçu isolada das demais, sugerindo que se trata de espécie críptica.
Abstract: The subfamily Triatominae comprises 146 species grouped in 18 genera and five tribes. The genus Triatoma is the most representative subfamily with 80 described species, which are grouped into eight complex and eight subcomplexes and this classification being based primarily on morphological characteristics. Triatoma rubravaria is considered an important vector in the transmission of Chagas disease in the state of Rio Grande do Sul since it was detected an increase of their capture and meetings colonies household after the program to combat of T. infestans. T. rubrovaria is found in groves and crevices of rocky areas within T. carcavalloi, T. circummaculata and T.klugi, which show morphological similarities. Molecular markers belonging to the nuclear DNA, as the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) have more rapid evolution, establishing recent relationships while the large ribosomal subunit 28S (D2), being well maintained, allows establishing the relationship between distantly related organisms. Mitochondrial markers (Cytochrome B - CytB and Cytochrome Oxidase I - COI) present a rate of change ten times faster than those presented by nuclear DNA, and are therefore useful for establishing phylogenetic relationships between organisms that diverged recently. A Bayesian analysis using mtDNA sequences belonging to (CytB and COI) reaffirmed the positioning of the species and indicates subcomplex rubrovaria and indicates T. carcavalloi as sister species from the group of T. klugi + T. rubrovaria + T. circummaculata. A Bayesian analysis of six populations of T. rubrovaria showed the population collected in Canguçu isolated from the others, suggesting that they are cryptic species.
Doutor
Katagiri, Satie. "Avaliação de duas técnicas coproparasitológicas convencionais e de um kit comercial na investigação da epidemiologia de parasitas gastrintestinais de cães no Estado de São Paulo /". Botucatu : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89304.
Pełny tekst źródłaBanca: Lucia Helena O'Dwyer de Oliveira
Banca: Mara Regina Stip Balarin
Resumo: As técnicas coproparasitológicas de concentração por sedimentação e por flutuação e o kit TF-Test® foram utilizadas na investigação da epidemiologia dos parasitas gastrintestinais de cães no Estado de São Paulo. Amostras de fezes de 129 cães errantes e de 125 domiciliados foram colhidas de outubro de 2004 a setembro de 2005 e processadas de acordo com os protocolos do kit TF Test® e dos métodos de centrífugo-sedimentação e centrífugo-flutuação. Os seguintes parasitas e suas respectivas freqüências foram detectados: Ancylostoma spp. (38,2%), Giardia sp. (16,9%), Toxocara canis (8,7%), Tnchuns vulpis (7,1%), Isospora spp. (3,5%), Sarcocystís spp. (2,7%) e Dipy!idium caninum (2,4%). Dos 132 animais parasitados, 79 apresentaram parasitismo único e 53 estavam parasitados por dois ou mais gêneros e/ou espécies. Em cães errantes a prevalência de Ancylostoma spp., T. canis e Giardia sp. e a ocorrência de poliparasitismo foi maior (P < 0,01) que em animais domiciliados. Não houve diferença na freqüência de parasitas intestinais relacionada ao sexo, raça ou ao tratamento anti-helmíntico dos animais (P > 0,05), no entanto a freqüência de T. canis foi maior (P < 0,05) em cães jovens. Com relação à sazonalidade, a detecção de cistos de Giardia sp. foi mais freqüente nos meses de outubro a março. A sensibilidade diagnóstica do método de centrífugo-flutuação foi maior para todos os parasitas intestinais diagnosticados, porém somente no caso de Ancylostoma spp. essa diferença (P <0,05) se expressou em termos de uma maior freqüência de detecção de cães infectados. O elenco de parasitas diagnosticados na região estudada faz com que a técnica de centrifugo-flutuação com sulfato de zinco seja a mais apropriada tanto para os estudos epidemiológicos como para o diagnóstico individual, especialmente nas infecções subclínicas.
Abstract: The sedimentation and flotation procedures for concentration of fecal specimens and the commercial device TF were used, in an epidemiological investigation of gastrointestinal parasites of dogs in São Paulo state. Fecal samples from 129 stray dogs and 125 dogs with an owner were collected from October 2004 to September 2005. AlI samples were concentrated by the sedimentation and flotation methods and by TF-Test® device. The following parasites, and their respective frequency were diagnosed in fecal samples : Ancylostoma spp. (38,2%), Giardia sp. (16,9%), Toxocara canis (8,7%), Tnchuris vulpis (7,1%), Isospora spp. (3,5%), Sarcocystis spp. (2,7%) and Dipylidium caninum (2,4%). Fifty-three out of 132 infected animais had mixed infection with two or more parasite genera. The prevalence of Ancy!ostoma spp., 1 canis and Giardia sp. as well as the occurrence of mixed infections were significantly higher in stray dogs (P <0,01) than in dogs with an owner. No effect of gender, breed and anti-helminthic treatment (P> 0,05) on the parasite frequency was observed, but the frequency of T. canis was higher (P < 0,05) in young animais. Giardia sp. cysts were more frequently detected from October to March. The centrifugation-flotation method was generally more accurate in the diagnosis of ali intestinal parasites of dogs, but only for Ancylostoma spp. this difference was observed in terms of prevalence. The species of parasites found in the studied region make the zinc sulfate flotation the most appropriate method not only to epidemiological studies, but also to individual diagnosis, speciaily in subciinical infections.
Mestre
Stewart, Alexander Thomas. "Eco-immunology : thermal variation and parasitology of the three-spined stickleback". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/95911/.
Pełny tekst źródłaWilmott, S. "Mathematical modelling and analysis of some problems in parasitology and ecology". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382699.
Pełny tekst źródłaThawani, Neeta. "The contribution of host-and parasite-derived factors to erythropoietic suppression underlying the development of malarial anemia /". Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111901.
Pełny tekst źródłaSantos, Michelle Cardoso dos [UNESP]. "Resposta imunológica de cordeiros às infecções artificiais por Haemonchus contortus e Haemonchus placei". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87793.
Pełny tekst źródłaA proteção conferida pela resposta imunológica de cordeiros, às infecções seriadas com Haemonchus contortus (Hc) e Haemonchus placei (Hp) e desafios, por infecções homólogas e heterólogas, com ambas as espécies, foi avaliada. Quarenta e dois cordeiros, com peso corporal inicial médio de 21,3 kg, foram divididos em sete grupos experimentais. No primeiro grupo, 12 cordeiros receberam infecções seriadas (Is) 12 vezes (três vezes por semana) durante quatro semanas, com 500 larvas infectantes (L3) de H. placei e foram posteriormente desafiados (D), em dose única, com 4000 L3 de H. placei (Grupo IsHp+DHp, n=6) ou com 4000 L3 de H. contortus (Grupo IsHp+DHc, n=6). Os animais do segundo grupo (n=12) foram infectados com H. contortus da mesma maneira que o grupo 1 (500 L3, três vezes por semana) e foram desafiados com 4000 L3 de H. contortus (Grupo IsHc+DHc, n=6) ou com 4000 L3 de H. placei (Grupo IsHc+DHp, n=6). O terceiro grupo foi somente desafiado com 4000 L3 de H. placei (Grupo DHp, n=6), 4000 L3 de H. contortus (Grupo DHc, n=6), ou permaneceram livres de infecções durante todo o período experimental (Grupo Controle, n=6). Análises hematológicas e contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) foram realizadas semanalmente, o plasma sanguíneo foi armazenado para a realização de análises imunológicas (teste de ELISA). Após a eutanásia dos animais os parasitas foram recuperados, bem como tecido e muco abomasal. Animais que receberam infecções homólogas por H. placei (Grupo IsHp+DHp) apresentaram intensa resposta imune com elevados níveis de imunoglobulinas anti-parasita e número de células inflamatórias na mucosa do abomaso. Em adição, esse grupo (IsHp+DHp) apresentou a menor taxa de estabelecimento de parasitas (2,68% de 4000 L3). Estes resultados podem ser associados às infecções em série, que estimularam uma forte resposta imunológica contra a espécie H. placei, pois...
The protection conffered by serial infections with Haemonchus contortus (Hc) and Haemonchus placei (Hp) was evaluated in lambs. Forty two lambs, with initial average body weight of the 21.3 kg, were divided in three experimental groups. In the first group, 12 lambs was serially infected (Si) 12 times (three times a week) for four weeks, with 500 infective larvae (L3) of H. placei and then challenged (Ch), in a single dose, with 4000 L3 of H. placei (Group SiHp+ChHp, n=6) or with 4000 L3 of H. contortus (Group SiHp+ChHc, n=6). The animals of the second group (n=12) were infected with H. contortus, in the same way that group 1 (500 L3, three times a week) and then challenged with 4000 L3 of H. contortus (Group SiHc+ChHc, n=6) or with 4000 L3 of H. placei (Group SiHc+ChHp, n=6). A third group of lambs was single challenged with 4000 L3 of H. placei (Group ChHp, n=6), 4000 L3 of H. contortus (Group ChHc, n=6), or remained uninfected throughout the trial period (Group Control, n=6). Haematological and fecal eggs counts (FEC) occurred weekely, the blood plasma was stored to immunological exams (ELISA test). After the animals sacrifice, the worms were recoverd, as well as, abomasal tissue and mucus. Animals that received homologous infection with H. placei (Group SiHp+ChHp) presented the most intense immune response and number of inflammatory cells in the abomasal mucosa. In adition, this group (SiHp+ChHp) presented the lowest rate of parasite establishment (2.68% of the 4000 L3). These results can be associated to serial infection that stimulated to strong immune respose against H. placei, which presents lower adaptability to sheep. The opposite was observed in animals that only received the challenge infection, with H. placei (group ChHp), in which the rate of establishment was relatively high (25.3%). However, the animals that received heterologous infection, previously infected serially with H. placei and ...
Cruz, Leonardo Dominici [UNESP]. "Padrões ecológicos da relação de parasitismo entre ácaros mesostigmata e alguns roedores neotropicais". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106546.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Ácaros mesostigmatídeos e seus roedores hospedeiros compreendem um dos mais ricos e diversos sistemas parasito-hospedeiro da região Neotropical. A maior parte do conhecimento disponível sobre este sistema refere-se a listas de ocorrências, descrições de espécies parasitas e relações de especificidade hospedeira em escalas locais. Estudos ecológicos com o objetivo de procurar padrões de estruturas de comunidades de espécies parasitas, bem como investigar os possíveis processos subjacentes à organização destas comunidades são escassos. Dessa forma, o presente estudo tenta contribuir para o conhecimento ecológico deste sistema parasito-hospedeiro. No Capítulo 1, investigou-se a existência de padrões organizacionais nas infracomunidades de mesostigmatídeos em duas populações do hospedeiro roedor Oligoryzomys nigripes, bem como possíveis fatores subjacentes aos padrões observados. Demonstrou-se que as infracomunidades de mesostigmatídeos podem apresentar variações na sua organização, indo desde infracomunidades completamente aleatórias, a infracomunidades estruturadas. Fatores relacionados à história de vida dos hospedeiros podem ser responsáveis pela estruturação das infracomunidades de mesostigmatídeos; todavia, a proposição de padrões gerais não foi possível, principalmente devido a grande diversidade de espécies parasitas e hospedeiras envolvidas na região Neotropical. No Capítulo 2, investigou-se a existência de padrões de similaridades entre as comunidades de mesostigmatídeos em duas escalas observacionais: comunidade componente e comunidade composta. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que as similaridades entre as comunidades componentes e entre as comunidades compostas geralmente são baixas, não sendo influenciadas pela distância geográfica e pela dissimilaridade ambiental entre as localidades...
Mites and their rodent hosts mesostigmatídeos comprise one of the richest and most diverse host-parasite systems of the Neotropical region. Most of the knowledge available about this system refers to occurrence lists, parasite species descriptions and host specificity relationships at local scales. Ecological studies with the aim looking for structure patterns of parasite communities, as well as investigate the possible processes underlying the organization of these communities are scarce. Thus, this study attempts to contribute to the ecological knowledge of this host-parasite system. In Chapter 1, we investigated the existence of organizational patterns in infracommunities of Mesostigmata mites of the two populations of the rodent host Oligoryzomys nigripes as well as possible factors underlying the observed patterns. It was demonstrated that the infracommunities of Mesostigmata mites may vary in their organization, ranging from completely random infracommunities to structured infracommunities. Factors related to the hosts life histories may be responsible for structuring Mesostigmata mites infracommunities. However, the proposition of general patterns was not possible, mainly due to the great diversity of parasites and host species involved in Neotropical region. In Chapter 2, we investigated the existence of similarity patterns among Mesostigmata mites communities in two levels: component community and compound community. The results showed that the similarities among the component communities and among the compound communities generally are low, not being influenced by geographical distance and environmental dissimilarity among the localities. However, the similarities of Mesostigmata mites among the compound communities were positively related to the host faunas similarities among the localities... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Cruz, Leonardo Dominici. "Padrões ecológicos da relação de parasitismo entre ácaros mesostigmata e alguns roedores neotropicais /". Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106546.
Pełny tekst źródłaBanca: Aricio Xavier Linhares
Banca: Gilberto Salles Gazêta
Banca: Fabio Akashi Hernandes
Banca: Karim Christina Scopinho Furquim
Resumo: Ácaros mesostigmatídeos e seus roedores hospedeiros compreendem um dos mais ricos e diversos sistemas parasito-hospedeiro da região Neotropical. A maior parte do conhecimento disponível sobre este sistema refere-se a listas de ocorrências, descrições de espécies parasitas e relações de especificidade hospedeira em escalas locais. Estudos ecológicos com o objetivo de procurar padrões de estruturas de comunidades de espécies parasitas, bem como investigar os possíveis processos subjacentes à organização destas comunidades são escassos. Dessa forma, o presente estudo tenta contribuir para o conhecimento ecológico deste sistema parasito-hospedeiro. No Capítulo 1, investigou-se a existência de padrões organizacionais nas infracomunidades de mesostigmatídeos em duas populações do hospedeiro roedor Oligoryzomys nigripes, bem como possíveis fatores subjacentes aos padrões observados. Demonstrou-se que as infracomunidades de mesostigmatídeos podem apresentar variações na sua organização, indo desde infracomunidades completamente aleatórias, a infracomunidades estruturadas. Fatores relacionados à história de vida dos hospedeiros podem ser responsáveis pela estruturação das infracomunidades de mesostigmatídeos; todavia, a proposição de padrões gerais não foi possível, principalmente devido a grande diversidade de espécies parasitas e hospedeiras envolvidas na região Neotropical. No Capítulo 2, investigou-se a existência de padrões de similaridades entre as comunidades de mesostigmatídeos em duas escalas observacionais: comunidade componente e comunidade composta. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que as similaridades entre as comunidades componentes e entre as comunidades compostas geralmente são baixas, não sendo influenciadas pela distância geográfica e pela dissimilaridade ambiental entre as localidades... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Mites and their rodent hosts mesostigmatídeos comprise one of the richest and most diverse host-parasite systems of the Neotropical region. Most of the knowledge available about this system refers to occurrence lists, parasite species descriptions and host specificity relationships at local scales. Ecological studies with the aim looking for structure patterns of parasite communities, as well as investigate the possible processes underlying the organization of these communities are scarce. Thus, this study attempts to contribute to the ecological knowledge of this host-parasite system. In Chapter 1, we investigated the existence of organizational patterns in infracommunities of Mesostigmata mites of the two populations of the rodent host Oligoryzomys nigripes as well as possible factors underlying the observed patterns. It was demonstrated that the infracommunities of Mesostigmata mites may vary in their organization, ranging from completely random infracommunities to structured infracommunities. Factors related to the hosts life histories may be responsible for structuring Mesostigmata mites infracommunities. However, the proposition of general patterns was not possible, mainly due to the great diversity of parasites and host species involved in Neotropical region. In Chapter 2, we investigated the existence of similarity patterns among Mesostigmata mites communities in two levels: component community and compound community. The results showed that the similarities among the component communities and among the compound communities generally are low, not being influenced by geographical distance and environmental dissimilarity among the localities. However, the similarities of Mesostigmata mites among the compound communities were positively related to the host faunas similarities among the localities... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Almeida, Fabiana Alves de. "Caracterização da resistência a anti-helmíntico de isolados de Haemonchus contortus e trichostrongylus colubriformis orieundo de ovinos /". Botucatu, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87795.
Pełny tekst źródłaBanca: Maria Conceição Zocoller Seno
Banca: Raquel A. da Rocha de Oliveira
Resumo: O estudo teve por objetivo determinar o grau de eficácia da levamisol, albendazol, ivermectina, moxidectina, closantel e triclorfon em isolados de Haemonchus contortus e Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Quarenta e dois cordeiros da raça Santa Inês, com três meses de idade, foram infectados artificialmente com 4000 larvas infectantes (L3) de H. contortus e 4000 L3 de T. colubriformis. Os animais foram separados em sete grupos, com seis animais cada, os quais receberam os seguintes tratamentos: Grupo 1 - controle, sem tratamento; Grupo 2 - moxidectina injetável (0,2 mg/kg de peso vivo (PV), Cydectin®, Fort Dodge), Grupo 3 - closantel via oral (10 mg/kg de PV, Zuletel®, Laboratório Microsules) Grupo 4 - triclorfon via oral (100 mg/kg de PV, Neguvon®, Bayer); Grupo 5 - fosfato de levamisol injetável (4,7 mg/kg de PV, Ripercol®, Fort Dodge), Grupo 6 - albendazol via oral (5,0 mg/kg de PV, Valbazen®, Pfizer) e o Grupo 7- tratado com ivermectina injetável (0,2 mg/kg de PV, Ivomec® , Merial). A via de administração e a dosagem empregada foram realizadas de acordo com as instruções do fabricante. Amostras de fezes foram coletadas no dia do tratamento, três, sete, 10 e 14 dias após, para a realização de contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) e cultura de fezes para obtenção e posterior identificação das L3. Os animais foram sacrificados 14 dias após o tratamento para obtenção e quantificação dos vermes presentes no abomaso e no intestino delgado. A eficácia dos tratamentos foi calculada a partir da média aritmética do OPG ou número total de vermes encontrados nos grupos tratados em comparação com os valores do grupo controle. As reduções percentuais das cargas parasitárias de H. contortus foram de 17% para o albendazol, 10% para o levamisol, 45% para moxidectina, 20% para ivermectina, 23% para o closantel e 73% para o triclorfon... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of levamisole, albendazole, ivermectin, moxidectin, closantel and trichlorfon, against Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis isolates. Forty-two lambs of the Santa Ines breed, at three months of age, were simultaneously artificially infected with 4000 infective H. contortus larvae (L3) and 4000 T. colubriformis L3. The animals were divided into seven groups with six animals each that received one of the following treatments: Group 1 - control, no treatment; Group 2 - moxidectin (0.2 mg/kg body weight (BW), Cydectin®, Fort Dodge); Group 3 - closantel (10 mg/kg BW, 10% Zuletel®, Microsules Laboratories); Group 4 - trichlorfon (100 mg/kg BW, Neguvon®, Bayer); Group 5 - levamisole phosphate (4.7 mg/kg BW, Ripercol®, Fort Dodge); Group 6 - albendazole (5.0 mg/kg BW, Valbazen®, Pfizer); and Group 7 - treated with ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg BW, Ivomec®, Merial). Fecal samples were collected 3, 7, 10 and 14 days after treatment and processed for nematode fecal egg counts (FEC) and fecal cultures for the production and subsequent identification of L3. The animals were sacrificed 14 days after treatment for collection and quantification of the worms in the abomasum and small intestine. The efficacy of the treatments was calculated from the arithmetic mean of the FEC or worm burden of the treated groups, compared with the values of the control group. The percentage reductions in H. contortus worm burdens were 17% for albendazole, 10% for levamisole, 45% for moxidectin, 20% for ivermectina, 23% for closantel and 73% for trichlorfon. Reductions for T. colubriformis were 19% for albendazole, 28% for ivermectin, 82% for moxidectin and 0% for levamisole, closantel and trichlorfon. The fecal examination was not effective for the detection of resistance to T. colubriformis, since T. colubriformis L3 were not detected... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Santos, Michelle Cardoso dos. "Resposta imunológica de cordeiros às infecções artificiais por Haemonchus contortus e Haemonchus placei /". Botucatu, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87793.
Pełny tekst źródłaBanca: Helder Louvandini
Banca: Paulo Francisco Domingues
Resumo: A proteção conferida pela resposta imunológica de cordeiros, às infecções seriadas com Haemonchus contortus (Hc) e Haemonchus placei (Hp) e desafios, por infecções homólogas e heterólogas, com ambas as espécies, foi avaliada. Quarenta e dois cordeiros, com peso corporal inicial médio de 21,3 kg, foram divididos em sete grupos experimentais. No primeiro grupo, 12 cordeiros receberam infecções seriadas (Is) 12 vezes (três vezes por semana) durante quatro semanas, com 500 larvas infectantes (L3) de H. placei e foram posteriormente desafiados (D), em dose única, com 4000 L3 de H. placei (Grupo IsHp+DHp, n=6) ou com 4000 L3 de H. contortus (Grupo IsHp+DHc, n=6). Os animais do segundo grupo (n=12) foram infectados com H. contortus da mesma maneira que o grupo 1 (500 L3, três vezes por semana) e foram desafiados com 4000 L3 de H. contortus (Grupo IsHc+DHc, n=6) ou com 4000 L3 de H. placei (Grupo IsHc+DHp, n=6). O terceiro grupo foi somente desafiado com 4000 L3 de H. placei (Grupo DHp, n=6), 4000 L3 de H. contortus (Grupo DHc, n=6), ou permaneceram livres de infecções durante todo o período experimental (Grupo Controle, n=6). Análises hematológicas e contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) foram realizadas semanalmente, o plasma sanguíneo foi armazenado para a realização de análises imunológicas (teste de ELISA). Após a eutanásia dos animais os parasitas foram recuperados, bem como tecido e muco abomasal. Animais que receberam infecções homólogas por H. placei (Grupo IsHp+DHp) apresentaram intensa resposta imune com elevados níveis de imunoglobulinas anti-parasita e número de células inflamatórias na mucosa do abomaso. Em adição, esse grupo (IsHp+DHp) apresentou a menor taxa de estabelecimento de parasitas (2,68% de 4000 L3). Estes resultados podem ser associados às infecções em série, que estimularam uma forte resposta imunológica contra a espécie H. placei, pois ...
Abstract: The protection conffered by serial infections with Haemonchus contortus (Hc) and Haemonchus placei (Hp) was evaluated in lambs. Forty two lambs, with initial average body weight of the 21.3 kg, were divided in three experimental groups. In the first group, 12 lambs was serially infected (Si) 12 times (three times a week) for four weeks, with 500 infective larvae (L3) of H. placei and then challenged (Ch), in a single dose, with 4000 L3 of H. placei (Group SiHp+ChHp, n=6) or with 4000 L3 of H. contortus (Group SiHp+ChHc, n=6). The animals of the second group (n=12) were infected with H. contortus, in the same way that group 1 (500 L3, three times a week) and then challenged with 4000 L3 of H. contortus (Group SiHc+ChHc, n=6) or with 4000 L3 of H. placei (Group SiHc+ChHp, n=6). A third group of lambs was single challenged with 4000 L3 of H. placei (Group ChHp, n=6), 4000 L3 of H. contortus (Group ChHc, n=6), or remained uninfected throughout the trial period (Group Control, n=6). Haematological and fecal eggs counts (FEC) occurred weekely, the blood plasma was stored to immunological exams (ELISA test). After the animals sacrifice, the worms were recoverd, as well as, abomasal tissue and mucus. Animals that received homologous infection with H. placei (Group SiHp+ChHp) presented the most intense immune response and number of inflammatory cells in the abomasal mucosa. In adition, this group (SiHp+ChHp) presented the lowest rate of parasite establishment (2.68% of the 4000 L3). These results can be associated to serial infection that stimulated to strong immune respose against H. placei, which presents lower adaptability to sheep. The opposite was observed in animals that only received the challenge infection, with H. placei (group ChHp), in which the rate of establishment was relatively high (25.3%). However, the animals that received heterologous infection, previously infected serially with H. placei and ...
Mestre
Taylor-Brown, Emilie. "Miasmas, mosquitoes, and microscopes : parasitology and the British literary imagination, 1885-1935". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/84851/.
Pełny tekst źródłaGuilmot, Aline. "Production of IFN-gamma by neonatal Natural Killer cells in response to Trypanosoma cruzi and cross-talk with monocytes". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209457.
Pełny tekst źródłaAfin de mieux connaître les mécanismes par lesquels T. cruzi induit cette forte réponse immune de type 1 chez les nouveau-nés, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’activation de la réponse immune innée par le parasite. De nombreuses cellules peuvent être impliquées dans la mise en place d’une réponse de type 1, dont les cellules dendritiques (DCs), les monocytes et les cellules NK. Le Laboratoire de Parasitologie a montré que T. cruzi activait in vitro les DCs néonatales, les rendant capables d’induire une réponse lymphocytaire T plus orientée vers la production d’IFN-g. D’autres données obtenues chez les nouveau-nés congénitalement infectés par T. cruzi suggèrent que les cellules NK ont été activées in utero quand le parasite a été transmis par la mère infectée. Nous nous sommes ici intéressés à la capacité des cellules NK néonatales à produire rapidement de l’IFN-g en réponse à T. cruzi. Une telle production précoce est en effet un élément contribuant à orienter une réponse immune de type 1.
Nous avons effectué des co-cultures de cellules mononucléaires de sang de cordon de nouveau-nés sains (CBMC) ou de sang périphérique adulte (PBMC) avec des trypomastigotes vivants de T. cruzi. Nos résultats montrent qu’en présence d’IL-15, T. cruzi induit une forte production d’IFN-g par les CBMC. Cette réponse est précoce et est accompagnée d’une production de TNF-a mais pas d’IL-10. Les cellules NK CD56brightCD16-/low et CD56dimCD16- sont les meilleures productrices d’IFN-g dans les deux groupes d’âges. La réponse des cellules NK néonatales est substantielle mais reste légèrement inférieure à celle des cellules adultes. Nous avons par ailleurs observé un déficit de production précoce d’IFN-g par les cellules T CD3+CD56+ (NK-like) et CD3+CD56- (« classiques ») néonatales par rapport aux cellules adultes.
La réponse IFN-g par les cellules NK est proportionnelle aux concentrations de parasites et d’IL-15 et accompagnée d’une activation phénotypique des cellules NK. Il est bien connu que des cellules accessoires telles que les cellules dendritiques et les monocytes contribuent généralement à activer indirectement les cellules NK. Des expériences de déplétion cellulaire indiquent que la production d’IFN-g par les cellules NK néonatales sensibilisées par l’IL-15 fait intervenir les monocytes mais pas les DCs myéloïdes, et qu’un contact avec les monocytes est nécessaire. De plus, elle requiert un contact du parasite vivant avec les CBMC et implique l’engagement des TLR2 et TLR4, ainsi qu’une production endogène d’IL-12.
Enfin, nous avons observé que les monocytes, et non les DCs myéloïdes, sont la source précoce de l’IL-12p70. Les parasites sont capables d’induire la synthèse de cette cytokine importante pour l’initiation d’une réponse de type 1 en l’absence de cytokines additionnelles, aussi bien dans les monocytes néonataux qu’adultes. La synthèse d’IL-12 par les monocytes s’accompagne d’une augmentation de l’expression de molécules co-activatrices CD40, CD80 et CD83 à leur surface. Ces dernières pourraient dès lors jouer un rôle supplémentaire dans l’activation indirecte des cellules NK néonatales par le parasite.
Cet ensemble de résultats montre que T. cruzi active les cellules néonatales du système immunitaire et plus particulièrement la production d’IL-12 par les monocytes et d’IFN-g par les cellules NK. Cette voie d’activation monocytes – IL-12 – cellules NK – IFN-g pourrait contribuer à la levée de l’immaturité du système immun des nouveau-nés congénitalement infectés décrite plus haut. Ces observations ont d’importantes implications pour la compréhension des mécanismes de protection en début de vie et pourraient aboutir à la mise au point d’un nouvel adjuvant vaccinal permettant de réduire la polarisation Th2 physiologique des nouveau-nés.
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Júnior, Mauro Cardoso. "Taxonomia das linhagens de Acanthobothrium van Beneden, 1850 (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea) parasitas de Potamotrygonidae (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-07122010-175601/.
Pełny tekst źródłaMembers of Acanthobothrium (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae) are mainly parasites marine elasmobranchs throughout the oceans. However, few lineages are found in freshwater stingrays of the family Potamotrygonidae, which members are restricted to the Neotropic. The recognition of taxonomic units involved in a host/parasite system is essential for comparative studies so that the diversification process resulting from historic associations can be accurately elucidated. Currently, 175 species are recognized for the genus, but only six parasite potamotrygonids (A. terezae, A. quinonesi, A. amazonensis, A. regoi, A. ramiroi e A. peruviense). Historically, most species of Acanthobothrium, including freshwater ones, has been described based on a restricted number of specimens from distant localities and few potamotrygonid species. This practice has led researchers to describe new species based on the premises that those lineages present low morphological variation. In this study, 649 host specimens were examined, representing 10 species and 14 morphotypes of potamotrygonids from 10 river sub basins of South America. Only five Acanthobothrium species were recognized as valid for the freshwater system, Acanthobothrium terezae (synonym A. ramiroi), A. quinonesi (synonyms A. regoi and A. peruviense), A. amazonensis and two new species A. sp. n.1 and A. sp. n. 2. These five species of Acanthobothrium parasite 27 species of potamotrygonids in almost all river basins of South America, presenting a distinct host specificity pattern from their marine counterparts. The differences in the diversity patterns observed for marine and freshwater lineages could be due to inadequate sampling of monophyletic marine groups and/or to the lack of concern with obtaining a representative number of specimens attributed to one species (host or parasite). New sources of data (e.g., molecular) are necessary to better understand the limits of the present taxonomic status of freshwaters species of Acanthobothrium. Another recommendation to access morphological variability of tetraphyllideans is to increase the sample size to different areas and hosts. Meaningful biogeographical representation is fundamental to the comprehension of biodiversity. Systematists working on the taxonomy of tetraphyllideans should also be cautious when using morphometric and meristic characters to distinguish species, which are described based on reduced biological material.
Luchetti, Natalia da Mata. "Revisão taxonômica do gênero Potamotrygonocestus Brooks & Thorson, 1976 (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-18012012-093037/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe members of the Potamotrygonocestus genus (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae) are parasites that infect exclusively the stingrays of the family Potamotrygonidae, which are endemic of the Neotropical region. To date, seven species are recognized for this genus (P. magdalenensis, P. travassosi, P. amazonensis, P. maurae, P. fitzgeraldae, P. chaoi and P.marajoara) and two undescribed lineages were cited in the last taxonomic revision published. The taxonomy of these parasites is traditionally based on morphometric characters and therefore relies on soft tissue structures whose observed morphology is highly dependent on the fixation method used. This, in addition to the use of a restricted number of specimens from distant localities on taxonomic studies, led researchers to believe in a low morphological variation for the genus. In this study, 1753 Potamotrygonocestus specimens were examined from almost all of the South American basins. The traditional morphometric parameters for the genus taxonomy were not useful for species diagnosis, but the discrete parameters from the morphology of the hooks were shown to be informative characters. The hooks are sclerotized structures and its shape is not dependent on the fixation of the specimen, therefore having a great potential to distinguish species. Based on the morphology of the hooks, the Potamotrygonocestus nominal species that were recognized were redescribed and four new lineages were found. Among all the taxa examined, only P. chaoi e P. marajoara still need a detailed diagnosis, because it was not possible to distinguish these two species based on the morphology of the hooks. Based on the data at hand, an inference key for species of Potamotrygonocestus is proposed based on the morphology of the hooks. Among the 32 potamotrygonids morphotypes obtained for this study, only five were not infected by Potamotrygonocestus. These hosts were restricted to the Madeira and Purus basins and for P.leopoldi from the Xingu River. The host-specificity observed for the parasite worms of marine elasmobranchs closely related to Potamotrygonocestus were nor found in this freshwater genus Additionally, more than one species of Potamotrygonocestus were found infecting the same host specimen, an occurrence never noted for this parasite taxon.
Costa, Lisa D´Alva Sousa Nascimento. "Avaliação da sensibilização às fontes alergénicas mais comuns em associação com a prevalêcia parasitária em cães". Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/26455.
Pełny tekst źródłaOlego-Fernandez, S. "A calpain-like multigene family in Trypanosoma brucei". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5256ea6f-4da0-4d42-b77c-a0d2da6f3af2.
Pełny tekst źródłaMueller-Graf, Christine D. M. "Ecological parasitism of baboons and lions". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ffd4ddb0-fbef-4be8-803f-cb3578f7e7e0.
Pełny tekst źródłaPilar, Ana Victoria. "Biochemical and molecular characterization of the glycosomal PTS2 import receptor peroxin 7 in «Leishmania donovani»". Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32255.
Pełny tekst źródłaLa péroxine Leishmania 7 (LmPEX7 ou LdPEX7) est un récepteur qui transloque les protéines qui contiennent le signal PTS2 dans le glycosome. Ce glycosome est unique et critique aux trypanosomes, tels que Leishmania et Trypanosoma, les agents causant la leishmaniose et la maladie Africaine du sommeil. Les protéines sont importées vers le glycosome par deux voies, PTS1 et PTS2, qui nécessitent la formation d'un complexe PTS dans le cytosol, l'amarrage du complexe sur un appareil de translocation sur la membrane du glycosome, et permet la liberation de la charge protéique dans le lumen. Par contre, les étapes précises dans l'acheminement de protéines glycosomales ne sont pas bien définies et pour comprendre les fonctions de ces organelles et prouver qu'elles être des cibles chimiothérapiques, les mécanismes impliqués dans la biogenèse doivent être très bien élucidés. Pour disséquer le mécanisme d'importation et pour déterminer le rôle de PEX7 chez Leishmania, cette protéine a été clonée à partir de l'ADN génomique de L. major et a été caractérisée. LmPEX7 est une protéine d'environ 41 kDa qui démontre une homologie limitée aux PEX7 impliqués dans la biogenèse des peroxysomes chez autres eucaryotes. LmPEX7 interagit avec les protéines PTS2, le récepteur PTS1 LdPEX5, ainsi que la protéine LdPEX14 qui est associée à la membrane du glycosome. Ces intéractions, décrites en utilisant des techniques biochimiques variées, sont arbitrés par des domaines d'interactions situés sur LdPEX5 et LdPEX14, la formation de complexes protéiques stables, et associée à divers changements conformationnels. Des études de localisation subcellula
Geukers, Karen. "Characterization of CFF in the sera of plasmodium-infected mice". Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104816.
Pełny tekst źródłaL'objectif de cette étude visait d'une part à approfondir la caractérisation du facteur de la forme de crise (CFF; « crisis form factor »), un facteur protéique inhibiteur présent dans le sérum, et d'autre part à identifier des protéines candidates responsable de l'activité de CFF. Quatre modèles murins d'induction sérique du CFF ont été testés: des souris C57BL/6 infectées par la souche de P. chabaudi adami AS, des souris C57BL/6 inoculées avec BCG + LPS, et des souris BALB/c infectées respectivement avec les souches de P. chabaudi adami DS ou DK. L'activité inhibitrice la plus prononcée a été observé à partir du sérum prélevé chez les souris C57BL/6 infectées par la souche de P. chabaudi adami AS. Le sérum issu de ce modèle a donc été utilisé pour la suite des analyses de CFF. Nous avons déterminé que l'activité de CFF ne provient pas des protéines du complément et que CFF est inactivé lorsque le sérum est bouilli à 100oC. Le fractionnement du sérum par chromatographie d'exclusion nous a permis de déterminer que CFF est éluée dans les fractions protéiques allant de 20 kDa à 80 kDa. Le sérum a ensuite été soumis à une colonne d'affinité IgY afin d'y dépléter les protéines majoritaires. Suite à cette déplétion, nous avons déterminé que l'activité de CFF est préservée uniquement dans la fraction contenant les protéines sériques de faible abondance (LAP; « low abundance protein »). Nous avons donc analysé la fraction LAP du sérum induit pour CFF par spectrométrie de masse de type MALDI et LC-QToF, puis comparé son profil protéique à celui de la fraction LAP de sérum issu de souris naïves. Ces profils protéiques révèlent qu'un total de 68 protéines sont soit surexprimées, soit exclusives au sérum démontrant une activité CFF. De plus, l'analyse qualitative nous a permis d'identifier une protéine candidate potentiel pour CFF : la gélatinase de neutrophile associée à la lipocaline (NGLA; « neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin »). En concluant, nous avons établi un modèle d'induction sérique de CFF, avons caractérisé certaines de ses propriétés physiques et avons identifié, par l'entremise de la protéomique, NGLA en tant que candidate potentielle de CFF.
El-Shehabi, Fouad. "Characterization of novel biogenic amine receptors in the human bloodfluke «Schistosoma mansoni»". Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86610.
Pełny tekst źródłaAu génome de Schistosoma mansoni, un parasite sanguin de l'homme, on retrouve 18 récepteurs putatifs à amine biogène couplés aux protéines G (RCPG). Ces récepteurs ont un potentiel thérapeutique contre les infections aux schistosomes. La séquence SmGPR-1 (anciennement SmGPCR) a déjà été clonée et identifiée comme un récepteur à l'histamine. Une analyse fonctionnelle plus poussée de SmGPR-1 est l'objet de cette thèse. L'analyse de taux d'ARNm et de protéines à différents stades de développement du parasite a servi à l'étude de l'expression et la répartition tissulaire de SmGPR-1. Deux récepteurs similaires, de par leur structure, le SmGPR-2 et le SmGPR-3 ont été identifiés, clonés et caractérisés lors de cette étude. Suite à des analyses bioinformatiques, ces trois récepteurs ont révélé leur appartenance à une nouvelle variante de récepteurs à amine biogène couplés aux protéines G caractérisés par l'absence d'aspartate conservé (Asp3.32) dans le troisième domaine transmembranaire. Tout comme SmGPR-1, le récepteur SmGPR-2 est activé par l'histamine, et l'expression de l'ARNm est similaire à celle de SmGPR-1, les deux récepteurs étant régulés à la hausse chez les jeunes schistosomes. Toutefois, ils sont localisés à différents endroits, SmGPR-1 se retrouve dans le tégument, la musculature subtégumentaire et les ventouses, tandis que SmGPR-2 est associé aux plexus nerveux subtégumentaires. La localisation de ces récepteurs est similaire à celle des neurones histaminergiques que l'on retrouve dans les plexus nerveux subtégumentaires, l'innervation des ventouses, dans certains éléments du système nerveux central et les commissures transversales. Il semblerait que l'histamine soit un important système neurotransmetteur du schistosome. Le troisième récepteur identifié, SmGPR-3, n'est pas activé par l'histamine, mais semble démontrer une spécificité étendue aux catécholamines et tout particuli
Sen, Rajashree. "Structure-function analysis of RNA editing ligases and their interacting protein partners in the editosome complex of «Trypanosoma brucei»". Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95053.
Pełny tekst źródłaTrypanosoma brucei est un parasite responsable en Afrique de la maladie du sommeil, une maladie à transmission vectorielle. Les ARNm mitochondriaux de T. Brucei subissent l'édition de l'ARN au niveau post-transcriptionnel pour produire des ARNm matures et fonctionnels. L'étape finale de ce processus est catalysée par la ligase essentielle KREL1 (Kinetoplastid RNA Editing Ligase 1) et celle étroitement liée, KREL2. Cette étude est une caractérisation in vitro de l'interaction de KREL1 et de KREL2 avec les partenaires de liaison KREPA2 et KREPA1 respectivement, en utilisant les séquences complètes, tronquées et mutées des ligases. Nous avons montré un effet stimulateur spécifique prononcé des partenaires interagissant, sur l'activité catalytique des ligases. Nous avons rétréci la région de contact à cinquante neuf acides aminés à l'extrémité C-terminale pour KREL1 et quarante cinq pour KREL2. Finalement, nous avons identifié les acides aminés F206, T264 et Y275 à l'extrémité N-terminale et K405 à l'extrémité C-terminale de KREL1 comme crucial pour l'activité catalytique aussi bien que pour l'interaction avec KREPA2. Les acides aminés K424 et KWKE (441-444) s'étendent éventuellement pour coordonner l'interaction de KREPA2 au cours de l'adénylation.
Rao, Vijayaraghava. "Characterization of novel ligand-gated chloride channel subunits from «Haemonchus contortus»". Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95130.
Pełny tekst źródłaLes canaux chlorures ligand-dépendants (CCLDs) sont la composante clef du système d'inhibition de la neurotransmission chez les animaux. Les nématodes possèdent des CCLDs qui sont activés par des ligands uniques tels que le glutamate, la sérotonine et l'acétylcholine. Les mammifères ne possèdent pas ce type de récepteurs. Il est possible d'émettre l'hypothèse que le phylum des nématodes a un système d'inhibition de la neurotransmission divergent. Basé sur cette caractéristique, le projet a pour objectif de mieux comprendre le système nerveux inhibiteur chez le nématode parasite, Haemonchus contortus, en caractérisant de nouvelles sous-unités de CCLD, et en localisant des ligands valables, connus pour fonctionner comme neurotransmetteur inhibiteur. La première nouvelle sous-unité du gène de CCLD à avoir été isolée, a été appelé Hco-GGR-3 (précédemment nommé HcGGR3). Les analyses électrophysiologiques de cette sous-unité, réalisées dans les ovocytes de Xenopus laevis, ont permis d'identifier un assemblage homomérique de ce canal qui est majoritairement dépendant de la dopamine (DA). L'immunocoloration de vers adultes d'H. contortus, faite à partir d'anticorps spécifiques à un peptide exclusif à Hco-GGR3, a permis de montrer que cette sous-unité était localisée au niveau des ports des deirids (papille cervicale) et des cellules de gaines. Il a été aussi observé qu'il y avait une différence de localisation de cette sous-unité en fonction du genre des vers. De plus, un polymorphisme mononucléotidique au niveau de la région 3' non transduite (UTR) de Hco-ggr3 s'est avéré être associé à une sélection pour la résistance aux lactones macrocycliques (LM) - la moxidectine (MOF) et l'ivermectine (IVM) - chez H. contortus. Un second gène d'un canal chlorure dépendant d'un acide aminé appelé Hco-lgc-55 a aussi été isolé. L'électrophysiologie de cette sous-unité a permis de montrer que ce canal était maj
Rioux, Marie-Claire. "A study of the proteomics of fasciolosis". Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106286.
Pełny tekst źródłaLa fasciolase est une infection vétérinaire importante. Entre les deux agents causals, Fasciola hepatica et Fasciola gigantica, f. hepatica a une meilleure capacité pour établir une infection primaire et pour résister aux défenses de l'hôte. Certaines espèces hôtes, tels que les bovins, résistent une seconde infection mieux que d'autres espèces, tels que les moutons. Afin de mieux comprendre la réaction de l'hôte pendant l'infection, des analyses protéomiques de sérums de moutons et de bovins affectés par f. hepatica ont été entreprises. Vint-six marqueurs d'infection ont été validés par spectrométrie de masse de temps de vol à désorption-ionisation laser potentialisée par surface (SM TDV-DILPS) chez les moutons avec une seule dose infectieuse de f. hepatica. Deux de ces marqueurs ont été identifiés et leur hausse dans la phase chronique de l'infection a été validée par buvardage de western. Le profil SM TDV-DILPS de bovins infectés à plusieurs reprises n'a pas fourni des détails descriptifs, mais une analyse SM en tandem de sérums immunodéplétés a fourni un portrait descriptif de l'interaction hôte-parasite. Cette technique était suffisamment sensible pour détecter des marqueurs d'inflammation pendant la phase aigüe de l'infection et des marqueurs de la fibrose hépatique pendant la phase chronique de l'infection, mais n'était pas suffisamment sensible pour détecter des protéines parasitaires. Enfin, les produits d'excrétion-sécrétion (PES) de f. hepatica et f. gigantica ont été profilées. Les deux espèces partageaient plus de similitudes que parmi les phases de juvéniles nouvellement excystés (JNV) et des adultes. Les différences les plus notables entre les JNV et les adultes étaient le profil des protéases et les isotypes de ces protéases retrouvés. Les montants de cathepsine L, B et de legumain chez les JNV étaient relativement égaux, tandis que la majorité des protéases chez les adultes étaient cathepsine L. Des clades de cathepsine L spécifiques aux JNV et aux adultes ont été identifiés ainsi qu'un clade potentiellement spécifique aux JNV de f. gigantica. Les niveaux d'enzymes antioxydants de défense dans les PES étaient plus élevés dans chez les adultes que les JNV, ainsi qu'une abondance plus élevées chez f. gigantica que f. hepatica. Ces analyses suggèrent que l'expression des protéines spécifique aux phases de développement et la diversité des isotypes devraient être considérées lors de l'élaboration d'un vaccin ciblé à un stade précoce de l'infection et lors du développement de cibles chimiothérapeutiques à large spectre. Ces études contribuent aux connaissances fondamentales des agents causals de fasciolase et l'usage d'outils protéomiques dans l'étude des interactions hôte-parasite.
Gonzalez, Santana Bibiana. "Cysteine proteases: potential serodiagnostic reagents for human Schistosomiasis and Fasciolosis". Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110691.
Pełny tekst źródłaLa schistosomiase et la fasciolose sont deux maladies parasitaires qui touchent un grand nombre de personnes, en particulier dans les pays en développement, causant une morbidité élevée. Le diagnostic est essentiel pour le contrôle, le traitement et le pronostic de ces maladies et pourtant aucun essai simple, abordable, sensible et spécifique n'est disponible à ce jour pour l'une d'entre elles. Dans le cadre de la présente étude, cathepsine B (SmCB) et cathepsine L1 (FhCL1) ont fait l'objet d'une investigation sur leur potentiel à être utiliser pour diagnostiquer la schistosomiase et fasciolose, respectivement, chez les humains. Dans la présente étude, les gènes encodant SmCB et FhCL1 ont été exprimés dans Pichia pastoris et les protéines isolées par chromatographie d'affinité. Le test ELISA pour SmCB a été optimisé pour une concentration en antigène et pour une dilution d'anticorps primaire et secondaire en utilisant un pool de sérums provenant de patients qui étaient positifs ou négatifs pour la schistosomiase suivant des examens coprologique. Une distinction claire entre ces deux bassins de sérums a été observée. Toutefois, lorsque le test a été utilisé pour dépister des patients du Sénégal, il a échoué à fournir une discrimination satisfaisante entre les individus infectés et non-infectés par la schistosomiase.Le test ELISA pour FhCL1 a été optimisé à l'aide de sérums provenant de personnes cubaines infectées par la fasciolose et de patients non-infectés de Cuba et du Canada. Nous avons déterminé la dilution optimale pour l'anticorps primaire et également évalué et comparé la performance des anticorps secondaires conjugués contre les IgG totaux, IgG4, IgG1 et IgG2. Les IgG totaux ont fourni la meilleure discrimination entre les personnes infectées et non-infectées par la fasciolose avec une sensibilité et une spécificité de 99.99 %. En plus, en appliquant le test de dépistage sur des patients infectés par d'autres variétés de vers et de protozoaires, nous avons démontré que le test ELISA pour FhCL1 ne réagit pas de façon croisée avec d'autres maladies retrouvées couramment dans les régions géographiques où se trouve la fasciolose.En conclusion, le diagnostic de la schistosomiase humaine reste encore incertain et d'autres études doivent être effectuées pour améliorer notre test de dépistage utilisant SmCB. D'autre part, nous avons développé un test simple, sensible, spécifique et précis pour le dépistage de la fasciolose humaine en utilisant FhCL1, une protéase majeure relâchée par le parasite. Le système d'expression de P. pastoris nous a permis d'obtenir jusqu'à 80 mg de FhCL1 par 4 litres de culture. Dans la présente étude, nous avons non seulement mis au point un test standardisé démontrant une spécificité et une sensibilité élevées, mais également développé une procédure pour produire de grandes quantités d'antigènes nécessaires au dépistage à grande échelle de la fasciolose humaine dans les régions touchées.
Solomon, Jonathan. "The localization and «in vitro» detection of «Brugia malayi» secreted proteins". Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32546.
Pełny tekst źródłaLes produits sécrétés ou excrétés de nématodes parasitiques pourraient contribuer aux processus d`infection et de migration dans les tissues, tout en modulant le système immunitoire et la physiologie de l`hôte. Ces produits permettent au parasite de survivre dans des conditions infavorables. Trois protéines sécrétées du nématode parasitique Brugia malayi ont été clonées et produites dans du E.coli. Celles-ci ont ensuite été purifiées. Ces protéines se trouvent à être: la macrophage inhibitory factor 1 (MIF-1), la tumor protein homologue (TPH-1) et la cysteine protease inhibitor (CPI-2). CPI-2 a été localisée dans une région délimitée de la microfilaria du B.malayi et l`anatomie de ce stage parasitaire a été observé à l`aide de la microscopie confocale. La région délimitée où cette protéine est sécrétée se trouve à être le pore sécrétoire. Le pouvoir sécrétoire de ce pore semble être contrôlé par la musculature du nématode. Des ELISAs Sandwich Biotinylés ont été développés pour détecter la présence de MIF-1, TPH-1 et CPI-2 dans les différents stages de développement du B.malayi et dans les deux sexes de ce nématode.
Moreno, Yovany. "Characterization of secretory processes and the secretome of parasitic nematodes". Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106464.
Pełny tekst źródłaLes mécanismes moléculaires déployés par les parasites pour s'établir dans leur hôtes sont relativement méconnus; néanmoins, il est généralement accepté que le succès des infections par les nématodes parasitaires dépend de leur capacité à libérer une variété de produits dénommés produits d'excrétion-sécrétion (PES). Afin d'acquérir une meilleure connaissance des mécanismes qui conduisent à l'établissement d'infections de nématodes filaires, nous avons recueilli et analysé par électrophorèse sur gel de polyacrylamide (1D-SDS-PAGE) et par chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de mases ( LC-MS/MS) les PES des adultes mâles et femelles et des microfilaires de Brugia malayi, l'un des agents étiologique de la filariose lymphatique humaine. Grâce à cette approche, 228 protéines ont été identifiées, incluant plusieurs protéines possédant potentiellement des propriétés immunorégulatrices. Des travaux ultérieurs utilisant une approche immunohistochimique ont permis de définir trois profils d'expression anatomique pour un groupe représentatif de 5 PES chez les microfilaires de B. malayi. Pour tous ces profils, les protéines ont été localisées au niveau de l'appareil d'excrétion-sécrétion des microfilaires. Cette structure anatomique spécialisée est impliquée dans la libération de protéines et, chez ce stade de développement du parasite, elle est associée à une structure musculaire. Nous avons aussi montré que les canaux chloriques glutamate-dépendants (GluCls), la cible principale du médicament antiparasitaire ivermectine (IVM), étaient également localisés dans cette structure, ce qui suggère que la libération de protéines par l'appareil d'excrétion-sécrétion est renforcée par l'activité neuromusculaire régulée par des GluCls. Ces résultats concordent avec l'observation in vitro d'une réduction marquée de la libération de protéines par les microfilaires exposés à l'IVM. Il est proposé que, dans des conditions in vivo, l'élimination rapide des microfilaires induite par traitement avec l'IVM est causée par la suppression de la capacité du parasite à sécréter des protéines lui permettant d'évader le système immunitaire de l'hôte. Finalement, il est prévu que l'élucidation des caractéristiques spécifiques associées à chacun des différents modes de vie des nématodes parasitaires requerrait la comparaison de la composition des PES de plusieurs espèces de nématodes. Ces comparaisons, qui requièrent l'emploi d'une stratégie de recherche des résultats des MS générés lors des analyses protéomiques sur des banques de données des protéines, sont fortement limitées par l'absence d'information sur les séquences pour la plupart des espèces de nématodes. Pour contourner ces limitations, nous avons essayé l'utilisation des assemblages de novo du séquençage transcriptomique de nouvelle génération (RNA-seq) afin d'identifier la composition des PES du nématode gastrointestinal (GI) chez la souris Heligmosomoides polygyrus. 209 protéines ont été identifiées en utilisant cette stratégie. La liste comprend aussi des protéines ayant une implication potentielle dans l'immunorégulation, la modulation des voies de signalisation et le transport et/ou l'absorption de nutriments. Les résultats présentés dans cette thèse permettent de mieux comprendre le rôle des protéines libérées par des nématodes filaires et GI dans les événements d'évasion immunitaire et dans d'autres aspects de la relation hôte-parasite.
Diawara, Aïssatou. "Development of DNA assays for the detection of single nucleotide polymorphism associated with benzimidazole resistance, in human soil-transmitted helminths". Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19242.
Pełny tekst źródłaLes géo-helminthes sont des vers parasitant l'Homme et causant de nombreux handicaps dans les régions tropicales des pays en voie de développement. Des programmes de contrôles tels que le partenariat FRESH : ''Focussing Resources on Effective School Health'' ont été mis en place afin d'éliminer les géo-helminthes en administrant massivement en milieu scolaire des pays en voie de développement des medicaments anthelmintiques. L'albendazole et le mébendazole appartiennent au groupe des benzimidazoles et sont distribués dans les régions grandement infestées. Cependant, cette attribution massive de médicaments, aux enfants, pourrait entraîner une sélection de parasites résistants aux anthelmintiques. La substitution de l'acide aminé phénylalanine (Phe) par la tyrosine (Tyr) connue pour être associée à la résistance aux benzimidazoles chez les nématodes a été identifiée chez les filaires à la position 200 du gène de la ß-tubuline. Nous avons développés des tests pour les parasites Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides et Necator americanus en utilisant la méthode du pyroséquençage afin de détecter le polymorphisme d'un unique nucleotide (SNP) au niveau du codon 200 du gène de la ß-tubuline. Ce test a été appliqué sur des vers adultes provenant d'individus du Kenya n'ayant jamais été traités par des anthelmintiques. Puis ce même test a été appliqué à des vers adultes individuels, à des pools d'œufs et de larves provenant d'individus d'Afrique de l'est, des Caraïbes et d'Amérique centrale, où les programmes de contrôles de masse sont implantés. Le SNP fût détecté chez T. trichiura provenant d'individus non-traités aux benzimidazoles ainsi que chez T. trichiura et N. ameri
Gomez, Gonzalez Maria. "«Leishmania»-macrophage interactions: regulations of protein tyrosine phosphatases and its implication in the outcome of infection". Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40736.
Pełny tekst źródłaL’issue d’une infection avec Leishmania dépend de la réponse de l’hôte ainsi que des facteurs pathogéniques. Le macrophage, la cellule hôte, est spécialisée dans l’internalisation et le développement intracellulaire du parasite Leishmania et joue un rôle clé dans le contrôle de l’infection. Les fonctions effectrices et accessoires du macrophage proviennent de l’activation des voies signalétiques, qui à leur tour sont largement contrôlées par des événements de phosphorylation de protéines. Donc, la régulation de l’activité des protéines kinases et phosphatases devient essentielle dans la progression séquentielle d’une cascade signalétique et, par conséquent, dans le contrôle des fonctions inflammatoires et antimicrobiales du phagocyte. Cette thèse doctorale propose de nouveaux mécanismes de régulation des protéines tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) dans le cadre des interactions entre le macrophage et Leishmania. Dans cette étude, nous présentons deux événements dans lesquels des facteurs de l’hôte ainsi que du parasite influencent, de façon indépendante, la régulation différentielle de l’activité PTP du macrophage. Le Chapitre 2 décrit le rôle du NRAMP-1 dans la modulation de l’activité PTP du macrophage. Ces recherches nous ont conduits à découvrir que le fer, un métal substrat du NRAMP-1, inhibe l’activité PTP, ayant comme effet l’augmentation des fonctions leishmanicides du macrophage en régulant de façon positive les voies signalétiques JAK/STAT et MAPK. En plus de ces observations, dans une étude plus approfondi des mécanismes responsables de l’inhibition des PTPs dépendents du fer (présentées dans le Chapitre 3), nous avons identifié les complexes mononucléaires dicitrate fer citrate comme des inhibiteurs spécifiques des PTPs.Malgré le rôle central du macrophage comme cellule accessoire et effectrice du système immunitaire, Leishmania a développé des stratégies afin de ré
Odiere, Maurice. "Energetic, morphologic and physiologic responses during «Heligmosomoides bakeri» (Nematoda) infection and protein deficiency in pregnant and lactating mice". Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95137.
Pełny tekst źródłaL'impact sur les réactions immunologiques, énergétiques et morphologiques a été étudié suite à une combinaison de facteurs tels une infection par Heligmosomoides bakeri, un nématode du système gastro-intestinal, la grossesse et la déficience protéique (DP) durant les derniers mois de grossesse et pendant la lactation chez les souris CD1 et leur descendance. Nos découvertes peuvent se résumer selon trois thèmes clés: (i) énergétique et métabolisme de base (MB), (ii) métabolisme osseux et (iii) développement immunitaire. Ce travail met en évidence les diverses voies indépendantes utilisées par la souris pour répondre à trois évènements: la grossesse, l'infection et la DP. La grossesse a augmenté le MB tandis que la DP l'a diminué. Une infection peu sévère n'a été associée à aucun changement. Durant la grossesse, les besoins énergétiques supplémentaires ont été comblés en augmentant l'apport nutritionnel et l'utilisation des graisses. Pendant la période d'infection, la température corporelle des souris a diminué. Enfin, la réduction du MB lors de la DP a corrélé avec une plus grande concentration de corticostérone et de leptine. Notre seconde découverte montre que l'infection et la DP ont un impact sur le développement osseux maternel et néonatal. L'infection a diminué l'os du fémur et a entraîné une forte concentration d'IFN-γ dans le sérum des souris gestantes fortement infectées. Elle a aussi diminué la distance vertex-coccyx tout en augmentant IL-1β dans le fluide amniotique. Une plus faible minéralisation osseuse chez les souris souffrant de DP coïncidait avec une forte concentration de corticostérone et de leptine dans le sérum bien qu'elle coïncidait avec une forte concentration d'IL-1β et d'IL-6 lors de l'infection. Une concentration élevée de IL-1β mais plus faible de leptine et de IGF-1 chez les souriceaux de mères infectées et souffrant de DP était compatible avec des distances$
Abu, Dayyeh Issa. "Alteration of macrophage signalling and functions by the protozoan parasite «Leishmania»". Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66771.
Pełny tekst źródłaLes parasites du genre Leishmania assurent leur survie et leur propagation par l'altération de voies de signalisation impliquées dans la capacité des macrophages (MØs) à détruire directement les pathogènes ou à activer les cellules du système immunitaire acquis. Une étape critique de ce mécanisme d'inactivation est l'activation par Leishmania de la protéine phosphatase SHP-1 de la cellule hôte. Il a été démontré que la protéine SHP-1 peut inactiver directement JAK2 ainsi que Erk1/2 et joue un rôle dans la régulation négative de plusieurs facteurs de transcription, tels que NF-κB, STAT-1α et AP-1, impliqués dans l'activation des MØs. L'altération de ces voies de signalisation contribue à l'inactivation de fonctions critiques des MØs telle que la production d'oxyde nitrique (NO) induite par l'IFN-γ, un radical-libre impliqué dans l'anéantissement du parasite. En plus d'inhiber les fonctions engendrées par l'IFN-γ, Leishmania est capable d'inhiber de nombreuses fonctions induites par le LPS, incluant la production d'IL-12, de TNF-α et de NO, et cela par des mécanismes encore peu compris. Le but principal de cette étude était de mieux comprendre les stratégies employées par le parasite afin d'inhiber les fonctions induites par les Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Nos résultats révèlent le rôle critique de SHP-1 dans l'inhibition de l'activation des MØs induite par les TLRs, par l'interaction et l'inactivation de la kinase 1 associée au récepteur IL-1 (IRAK-1). Nous avons également identifié le site de liaison qui semble être un motif conservé lors de l'évolution ressemblant à un ITIM, que nous avons nommé motif de kinase à base de tyrosine inhibiteur (KTIM). Des expériences supplémentaires et l'analyse de séquences ont révélées que plusieurs autres kinases cytosoliques autres qu'IRAK-1 possèdent un motif potentiel KTIMs, suggérant que le KTIM pourrait$
McLean, James. "Purification and characterization of the Leishmania PTS2 receptor, Peroxin 7, an essential receptor for glycosme biogenesis". Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110401.
Pełny tekst źródłaLe parasite trypanosomatide Leishmania affecte plus de 12 millions d'individus dans les pays tropicaux. Cette maladie tropicale négligée a de graves conséquences, parfois fatales, en absence d'interventions thérapeutiques. Il y a, par conséquent, urgence d'identifier de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques pour combattre ce fléau et restreindre l'incidence de résistance envers les médicaments présentement employés. Une cible thérapeutique de choix s'est révélée récemment dans cette famille de parasite. Il s'agit du glycosome, un organelle qui compartimente plusieurs voies métaboliques derrière une membrane imperméable. La Péroxine 7 de Leishmania major (LPEX7) est un récepteur cytosolique qui reconnaît certaines protéines destinées pour le glycosome contenant un signal peptidique de type 2 (PTS-2) à leur terminal N et qui facilite le transport vers la membrane du glycosome. Récemment, des études génétiques sur le parasite trypanosomatide Trypanosoma brucei ont démontré que PEX7 est essentiel pour la survie du parasite. Des prédictions bio-informatiques révèlent que LPEX7 contient une surface extérieure hydrophobe, ce qui explique le défi que représente la production de cette protéine de façon recombinante dans le système E. coli. LPEX7 fut purifiée avec succès en présence de détergents ioniques, ce qui a toutefois limité les possibilités d'études d'interactions avec des membranes. Dans le but d'étudier le rôle biophysique de LPEX7 dans le transport et l'importation de protéines vers le glycosome, nous avons développé une stratégie pour exprimer et purifier LPEX7 de façon recombinante en l'absence de détergents. Ensuite, nos études biochimiques ont confirmé que LPEX7 recombinante est active et, tout comme LPEX7 précédemment purifiée avec l'aide de détergents, est capable de lier les protéines contenant un signal PTS-2 et LdPEX5 à des concentrations nano-molaires. Une investigation de la structure quaternaire de LPEX7 a révélé que le récepteur s'assemble en dimères et tétramères en solution. Finalement, des études préliminaires d'interaction protéine-protéine ont illustré que LPEX7 contient un site d'attachement pour LdPEX5 et LdPEX14 sur la demie portion terminale C.
Moncada, Darcy Marie. "Entamoeba histolytica cysteine proteinases facilitate parasite invasion of the colon by disrupting the colonic mucus barrier". Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85940.
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