Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Parasitoid

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Parasitoid”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 6 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Parasitoid"

G, Thanavendan, i Jeyarani S. "Parasitic Potential of some Braconid Parasitoids against Okra Fruit Borers". Madras Agricultural Journal 99, December (2012): 854–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.100211.

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In surveys conducted in Coimbatore district during 2009-10, Okra fruit borers, Earias vittella Fabricius, Earias insulana Boisdual and Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) were the serious pests causing 50 per cent loss. During the survey, three hymenopteran parasitiods viz., Bassus spp., Brachymeria lasus Walker, Goryphus spp., of the families Braconidae, Chalcididae and Ichneumonidae against Earias spp. and the dipteran parasitoid, Carcelia illota (Tachinidae ) against H. armigera were recorded with 0.00 to 10.00 per cent parasitization. All the parasitoids recorded were not amenable for mass culturing, and hence, other braconid parasitoids viz., Bracon brevicornis Wesmael, Bracon hebetor Say and Chelonus blackburni Cameron were studied for their parasitic potential against fruit borer complex. Cent per cent parasitization was observed with B. brevicornis against all instars of E. vittella and H. armigera, higher parasitizaion of 100 and 97.50 per cent was observed by B. hebetor at a parasitoid-host ratio of 5:10 on second instar larvae of H. armigera and fourth instar larvae of E. vittella respectively. The egg - larval parasitoid, C. blackburni recorded the highest parasitization of 70.54 per cent and 64.58 per cent against E. vittella and H. armigera at a parasitoid host ratio of 5:100. For B. brevicornis and B. hebetor, highest cocoon formation and parasitoid emergence was recorded at 4:10 ratio against third and fourth instars. In C. blackburni, the parasitoid host ratio of 3:100 yielded the highest number of adult parasitoids. B. brevicornis was found to be more effective against fruit borers.

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Cavigliasso, Fanny, Jean-Luc Gatti, Dominique Colinet i Marylène Poirié. "Impact of Temperature on the Immune Interaction between a Parasitoid Wasp and Drosophila Host Species". Insects 12, nr 7 (15.07.2021): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12070647.

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Temperature is particularly important for ectotherms, including endoparasitoid wasps that develop inside another ectotherm host. In this study, we tested the impact of three temperatures (20 °C, 25 °C and 30 °C) on the host–parasitoid immune interaction using two Drosophila host species (Drosophila melanogaster and D. yakuba) and two parasitoid lines of Leptopilina boulardi. Drosophila’s immune defense against parasitoids consists of the formation of a melanized capsule surrounding the parasitoid egg. To counteract this response, Leptopilina parasitoids rely on the injection of venom during oviposition. Here, we tested the effect of temperature on parasitic success and host encapsulation capacity in response to a parasitoid egg or other foreign body. Increased temperature either promoted or did not affect the parasitic success, depending on the parasitoid–host pairs considered. The mechanisms behind the higher success seemed to vary depending on whether the temperature primarily affected the host immune response or also affected the parasitoid counter-immune response. Next, we tested the effect of parasitoid rearing temperature on its success and venom composition. Venom composition varied strongly with temperature for both parasitoid lines, partially consistent with a change in their parasitic success. Overall, temperature may have a significant impact on the host–parasitoid immune interaction.

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De Souza, Moisés Santos, Alexandre Almeida e. Silva, César Augusto Domingues Teixeira i José Nilton Medeiros Costa. "Parasitismo na população da broca-do-café Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), pelo parasitoide Cephalonomia stephanoderis Betrem (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae)". EntomoBrasilis 7, nr 3 (5.12.2014): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v7i3.402.

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A broca-do-café, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) é responsável por grandes prejuízos em plantios de café, causando perdas de produtividade aos cafeicultores e danos quantitativos e qualitativos aos grãos. O controle biológico da praga tem sido principalmente à base de fungos entomopatogênicos. Em Rondônia, Brasil, as informações acerca dos parasitoides de H. hampei são escassas. O parasitoide Cephalonomia stephanoderis Betrem é um inimigo natural da broca do café e já é utilizado como agente de controle biológico em países da África e da América Latina. Constatou-se a presença desse parasitoide em cafezais de Rondônia. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar os níveis de ocorrência e parasitismo do parasitóide em uma plantação de café no município de Ouro Preto D’Oeste, Estado de Rondônia. Foram analisados semanalmente frutos de café coletados diretamente das plantas e caídos sobre o solo, de janeiro a dezembro de 2004. Observou-se a ocorrência do parasitoide durante os meses de maior infestação da praga. Durante o período estudado, a taxa de parasitismo nos diferentes microambientes variou de 2 a 24%. Parasitism in the Population of the Coffee Berry Borer Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) by the Parasitoid Cephalonomia stephanoderis Betrem (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) Abstract. The coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) attacks coffee plantations, greatly decreasing the production of coffee plants, causing quantitative and qualitative damage to the grains. Biological control of this pest has focused mostly on entomopathogenic fungi. In the state of Rondonia, studies on parasitism levels of the parasitoids of H. hampei are scarce. The parasitoid Cephalonomia stephanoderis Betrem is a natural enemy of the coffee berry borer and is already used as an agent of biological control in countries of Africa and Latin America. The objective of the present study was to investigate the occurrence and parasitism levels of the parasitoid in a coffee plantation in the municipality of Ouro Preto D’Oeste, State of Rondonia. Coffee beans collected directly from the plants and on the ground were analyzed weekly from January to December 2004. Parasitoid occurred in months of the highest pest infestation. During the studied period, parasitism rate in different microenvironments ranged from 2 to 24%.

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Pramudi, M. Indar, i Lyswiana Aphrodyanti. "Parasitoid fruit flies Bactrocera mcgregori (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Tanah Laut Regency and Banjarbaru South Kalimantan". TROPICAL WETLAND JOURNAL 5, nr 1 (21.11.2019): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/twj.v5i1.71.

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This study aims to identify and determine the parasitic level of Bactrocera mcgregori parasitoid from melinjo fruit (Gnetum gnemon) from Tanah Laut district and Banjarbaru Kalimatan Selatan City. The identification results of the three parasitoids showed the characteristics of the Hymenoptera order, the family Braconidae. The three parasitoids are Psytallia flecheri habitus (Silvestri) parasitoid, Psytallia lounsburyi (Silvestri) and Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Cameron).

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Irsan, Chandra. "Studi keberadaan hiperparasitoid dalam mempengaruhi perilaku imago parasitoid pada kutudaun, Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae)". Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia 5, nr 1 (23.02.2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5994/jei.5.1.17.

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Study Hyperparasitoid Existing Affected to Adul Parasitoid Behavior on Aphid, Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae). In general, hyperparasitoid is needed for establishing food and chain webs, but in contrary, it could become a limiting factor in existing biological control program. An observation to aim positive impact of hyperparasitoid existence has been carried out. Chili plant, Capsicum annuum, Aphis gossypii, Trioxys sinensis parasitoid and Aphidencyrtus sp. were used in this observation. Results showed that hyperparasitoid existence assisted parasitoid distribution. Parasitoids were placed with hyperparasitoids enhanced parasitoid distribution or dispersion two times farther compare to without hyperparasitoids. It was concluded that dispersal behaviour of hyperparasitoid adult was a parasitoid adult’s response to avoid its suppression by the hyperparasitoid and also increase parasitoid’s searching ability.

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Hubballi, Aravinda, A. N. Shylesha, T. M. Shivalingaswamy i B. Shivanna. "The Parasitic Potential of Bracon brevicornis Wesmael and Chelonus blackburni (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on the Age of Earias vittella (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) and Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Laboratory Conditions". International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, nr 6 (17.04.2023): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i61827.

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Aims: The current study was carried out to investigate the parasitic potential of density of two important parasitoids against the age of two important bhendi fruit borer pests. Study Design: Completely Random Design (CRD). Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted during 2019-20 and 2020-21 at bio control laboratory of National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources (ICAR) Hebbal, Bengaluru (Latitude: 13.097221 Longitude: 77.568291) by adopting standard methodology and materials. Methodology: An experiment was designed to examine the effects of parasitoid densities of Bracon brevicornis and Chelonus blackburni on the host age (different instars) larvae of fruit borers two important fruit borers by checking the the percent parasitization. The second, third, and fourth instar larvae of E. vittella were introduced separately at different ratios of Bracon brevicornis parasitoids and host viz., 1:10, 2:10, 3:10, 4:10, and 5:10. Mated female parasitoids were utilised in all cases, and the experiment was carried out in a glass jar of 18 x 12 cm, using the sandwich approach. [1] with four replications. After 24 h, the larvae were observedand the percent parasitization was calculated. The same parasitoids were used for thesecond, third, fourth, and fifth instars larvae of H. armigera. To examine the parasitic potential of C. blackburni, another experiment was conducted with various ratios of its adults and eggs of E. vittella and H. armigera by adopting the procedure of Swamiappan and Balasubramanian [2]. The parasitoid and host eggs were maintained at a ratio of 1:100, 2:100, 3:100, 4:100, and 5:100 with four replications. The observation of percent parasitization was recorded after the egg incubation period. Results: The parasitic potential studies showed that the parasitoid host ratio of 5:10 (100%) was the best for E. vittella (II, III and IV instar larvae) with the highest parasitization followed by 4:10 (96.83 %), 3:10 (85.08 %), 2:10 (61.71 %) and least parasitization was observed in 1:10 parasitoid host ratio (52.71 %). Similarly, for H. armigera (II, III, IV and V instar larvae) parasitoid host ratio of 5:10 was recorded the highest parasitization (96.75 %), followed by 4:10 (93.69 %), 3:10 (84.11 %), 2:10 (64.75 %) and least parasitization was observed in 1:10 parasitoid host ratio (45.07 %) The parasitic potential of C. blackburni revealed that the 5:100 parasitoid host ratio resulted in the maximum parasitization of 64.75% against E. vittella, followed by 4:100 (60.50%), 3:100 (52.55%), 2:100 (38.27%), and 1:100 (25.60%). Similarly, for H. armigera, parasitization was highest at a parasitoid host ratio of 5:100, followed by 4:100 (64.50%), 3:100 (58.25%), 2:100 (43.45%), and 1:100 (28.50%). Conclusion: The parasitoids: host ratio of 5:10 for B. brevicornis and 5:100 for C. blackburni is optimal for managing the bhendi fruit borer complex at the IV instar level.

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Mohamad, Fater, Mohammed Mansour i Ali Ramadan. "Effects of biological and environmental factors on sex ratio in Ascogaster quadridentata Wesmael (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of Cydia pomonella L. (Torticidae)". Journal of Plant Protection Research 55, nr 2 (1.04.2015): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jppr-2015-0019.

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Abstract The sex ratio in the natural population of most Hymenopteran parasitoids is 1 : 1. Females of these parasitoids, however, can regulate the sex of their offspring in response to environmental and biological factors. Under certain circumstances, this may lead to an overproduction of males, which can result in a very negative impact on any control program using these parasitoids. For these reasons, understanding the effect of these factors is very important. In this study, five biological and environmental factors known to affect sex ratio in parasitic Hymenoptera were investigated for Ascogaster quadridentata Wesmael, a parasitoid of Cydia pomonella L. Results showed that food, ambient temperature, and parasitoid age had significant effects on the sex ratio of the offspring of Hymenopteran parasitoids. The percentage of females decreased with lack of food, parasitoid age (when it became 10-days-old or older), and at low (15°C) and high (35°C) temperatures. The effect of host age and density, however, was not significant.

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Zhou, Jincheng, Ling Meng i Baoping Li. "Defensive behaviors of the Oriental armywormMythimna separatain response to different parasitoid species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)". PeerJ 5 (23.08.2017): e3690. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3690.

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This study examined defensive behaviors ofMythimna separata(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae varying in body size in response to two parasitoids varying in oviposition behavior;Microplitis mediatorfemales sting the host with the ovipositor after climbing onto it whileMeteorus pulchricornisfemales make the sting by standing at a close distance from the host.Mythimna separatalarvae exhibited evasive (escaping and dropping) and aggressive (thrashing) behaviors to defend themselves against parasitoidsM. mediatorandM. pulchricornis. Escaping and dropping did not change in probability with host body size or parasitoid species. Thrashing did not vary in frequency with host body size, yet performed more frequently in response toM. mediatorthan toM. pulchricornis. Parasitoid handling time and stinging likelihood varied depending not only on host body size but also on parasitoid species. Parasitoid handling time increased with host thrashing frequency, similar in slope for both parasitoids yet on a higher intercept forM. mediatorthan forM. pulchricornis. Handling time decreased with host size forM. pulchricornisbut not forM. mediator. The likelihood of realizing an ovipositor sting decreased with thrashing frequency of both small and large hosts forM. pulchricornis, while this was true only for large hosts forM. mediator. Our results suggest that the thrashing behavior ofM. separatalarvae has a defensive effect on parasitism, depending on host body size and parasitoid species with different oviposition behaviors.

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Karindah, Sri, Sutanto Sutanto, E. Siswanto i L. Sulistyowati. "Parasitoid larva-pupa Tetrastichus howardi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) pada Pluttella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) di pertanaman kubis kecamatan batu dan poncokusumo, kabupaten malang". Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia 2, nr 1 (23.02.2017): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5994/jei.2.1.61.

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The surveys of larval parasitiod Plutella xylostella, which have been done in cabbage plantations area in Batu and Poncokusumo, Malang east Java, found other larval parasitoid biside the commonly larval parasitiod Diagdema semiclausum. The parasitoid was Teratichus howardi (Hyminoptera: Eulophidae). The percentage of parasitism was dependent of the altitude of cabbage plantation and developmental stage of crop. The percent of parasitism could reach 82% when parasitized larvae sampled in cabbage plant and the crop stage. Parasitism was also higher at the medium lowland rather than it was that the upland. T. howardi is a gregrarious larval-pupa endoparasitoid. The life cycle of T. howardi was 14-16 days. The longevity of male and female was influenced by the availability of hosts or the change of mating. The longevity of mated female which was offered some host is 14-21 days, but the longevity of mated female without hosts was 38-56 days. The mated male parasitoid lived from 1 to 4 days, but they lived 12-16 days when they were not mated. One female could lay some cluster of egg varied from 35-60 eggs cluster or from 142 to 235 eggs during the lifespan. One eggs cluster consist of ±4 eggs. The parasitoid laid one or two clusters of egg per host. Parasitoid laid eggs soon after mating at day one from eclosion until day 19th. Four to 28 Parasitoids could emerge from one host. One parasitoid was able to parasitize 17-30 larvae of P. xylostella.

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Basheer, Abdel Nabi, Ghassan Ibraheem, Nesrine Diab, Rasheed Sayyed Omar, Firas Al Ghamaz, Hadi Nasrallah i Younis Idriss. "The Secondary Parasitoid Perilampus tristis Mayr, 1905 and its Effect on the Primary Parasitoids on the Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella L." Arab Journal for Plant Protection 41, nr 2 (2023): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-41.2.146151.

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Basheer, A., G. Ibrahim, N. Diab, K. Al-Assas, R. Alsaied Omar, F. Al-Ghammaz, H. Nasrallah and Y. Idris. 2023. The Secondary Parasitoid Perilampus tristis Mayr, 1905 and its Effect on the Primary Parasitoids on the Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella L. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 41(2): 146-151. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-41.2.146151 The study was carried out in some apple orchards infested with the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Khan Arnabah (Quneitra governorate) and Al-Hariseh (Sweida governorate). The study aimed to study the secondary parasitoid Perilampus tristis Mayr, 1905 (Hymenoptera: Perilampidae) and to identify its hosts of the primary parasitoids that parasitize the codling moth in the two study areas. Two methods were used to identify the insect parasitoids on the codling moth, (i) collecting infested fruits, and (ii) cardboard traps. The study revealed the presence of many insect parasitoids that parasitize the apple fruit worm, but the secondary parasitoid P. tristis parasitizes as a secondary parasitoid on the pupae of two types of primary parasitoids, the egg-larval parasitoid Ascogaster quadridentata Wesmael (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and the young larval parasitoid Pristomerus vulnerator, Pzeran1799) (Hymenoptera: Ichneuomonidae) in the two study areas. The numbers of secondary parasitoids P. tristis increased in the cardboard traps, whereas the number of primary parasitoids A. quadridentata and P. vulnerator decreased in the two study areas. The secondary parasitoid P. tristis reduced the effectiveness of the primary parasitoids A. quadridentata and Pristomerus vulnerator in the two study areas. Keywords: apples, Khan Arnabah, Al Harisa, primary parasitoid, secondary parasitoid

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Parasitoid"

Cournoyer, Michel 1976. "Host selection behavior of the adult parasitoid Microctonus hyperodae Loan (Hymenoptera:Braconidae:Euphorinae) and the egg parasitoid Anaphes victus Huber (Hymenoptera:Mymaridae), parasitoids of the carrot weevil, Listronotus oregonensis LeConte (Coleoptera:Curculionidae)". Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80244.

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The carrot weevil, Listronotus oregonensis LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is an important pest of carrot in northeastern North America. The objective of this study was to determine the host selection stimuli used by two L. oregonensis parasitoids: the adult parasitoid Microctonus hyperodae Loan and the egg parasitoid Anaphes victus Huber.
In the first chapter, the response of M. hyperodae females to various odor components from potential hosts and host plants was tested with a Y-olfactometer.
In the second chapter, the effect of L. oregonensis adult sex, feces and movement on host selection behavior of M. hyperodae females was evaluated by quantifying L. oregonensis adult movement and various M. hyperodae female behaviors in an arena.
In the third chapter, the response of A. victus females to different L. oregonensis related odor components was evaluated using a filter paper of which half was moistened with odor components and the other half with water.

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Fors, Lisa. "Ecology and evolution in a host-parasitoid system : Host search, immune responses and parasitoid virulence". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och botanik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-115243.

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In host-parasitoid systems, there is a continuous coevolutionary arms race where each species imposes a strong selection pressure on the other. The host needs to develop defence strategies in order to escape parasitism and the parasitoid must evolve counter-defence strategies in order to overcome the host’s immune defence and successfully reproduce. This makes host-parasitoid systems excellent model systems for understanding evolutionary processes underlying host race formation and speciation. In order to gain a better understanding of the complexity of host-parasitoid interactions several aspects must be considered, such as search behaviour and host selection in the parasitoid, the development of immune responses in the host and counter-defence strategies in the parasitoid. In this thesis, I investigate interactions and coevolution in a natural host-parasitoid system, consisting of five species of Galerucella leaf beetles and three species of Asecodes parasitoids, by combining behavioural ecology with chemical ecology and immunology. In the studies performed, I found that pheromone production and responses in the beetles are connected to the phylogenetic relatedness between the Galerucella species (Paper I). I found no evidence that Asecodes exploits the adult pheromone to locate host larvae, but observed an ability in the parasitoids to distinguish a better host from a less suitable one based on larval odors (Paper II). The studies also revealed large differences in immune competence between the Galerucella species, which were linked to differences in hemocyte composition in the beetle larvae (Paper III, IV). Further, the results suggest that parasitism success in polyphagous Asecodes is strongly affected by former host species of the parasitoid (Paper IV). In conclusion, the results of this thesis suggest an on-going evolution in both parasitoid virulence and host immune responses in the Asecodes-Galerucella system.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.

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Tylianakis, Jason. "Ecological enhancement of an aphid parasitoid". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Zoology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1309.

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Insects have become increasingly resistant to chemical control methods, while at the same time public awareness of the harmful effects of synthetic pesticides has increased. The search for more environmentally 'friendly' means of pest suppression is gaining momentum and biological control (the use of natural enemies to reduce populations of noxious organisms) has become an increasingly sought-after option. Despite an increase in the establishment rate of insect natural enemies, classical biological control of arthropods is currently no more successful than it was one hundred years ago. Ecological theory relevant to population biology, food webs and diversity provides insight into how biological control agents can be made more effective, yet this theory has often been absent from the biological control literature. Examples of the use of ecological concepts (including intraguild predation, life-history omnivory and resource subsidies) in practical biological control are reviewed, and aspects of theory not yet considered in this context are discussed. Cereals are important as primary food crops, globally and within New Zealand. Possibly the greatest amount of damage sustained by cereal crops in New Zealand is caused by aphids and chemical control of these pests is very expensive relative to biological control. This thesis examines how biological control of the rose-grain aphid Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) (Hemiptera: Aphidiidae) by the koinobiont, synovigenic endoparasitoid Aphidius rhopalosiphi De Stefani-Perez (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) can be enhanced by floral resource subsidies. The mechanisms underlying this enhancement were determined in a series of laboratory experiments and then tested in laboratory microcosms and in the field. Sugar resources significantly increased longevity and egg load in A. rhopalosiphi and another species of aphidiid, Diaeretiella rapae McIntosh. Pollen had no significant effect on longevity or egg load in these species. These results are discussed in terms of the effects of resource subsidies on egg- versus time-limitation. Laboratory microcosm experiments tested whether the mechanisms of increased potential fecundity via enhanced egg load and longevity translate into increased rates of parasitism (i.e., realised fecundity). Only treatments receiving sugar showed increased reproductive success. The presence of flowering buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum Moench (c.v. Kitawase) (Polygonaceae) plants caused a slight, non-significant increase in rates of parasitism. Field surveys of natural aphid populations in a wheat Triticum aestivum (L.) (c.v. Otane) (Gramineae) field showed that proximity to floral buckwheat patches, distance to the nearest edge or the leeward end of the field were not significantly correlated with rates of parasitism. These variables were significantly correlated with aphid density in some surveys. Rates of parasitism were not correlated with aphid density. When aphid population density was controlled by experimental placement of aphids, proximity to floral resource patches significantly affected rates of parasitism. Parasitism rates were highest at the edges of buckwheat patches and declined exponentially with distance, eventually reaching zero beyond 14 m. Lower levels of parasitism were observed within the floral patches than at their edges. This phenomenon is compatible with the concept of spatio-temporal partitioning between parasitoid feeding and host-searching behaviours. Potential costs (increased predation risk, opportunity costs) and benefits (increased fecundity and longevity) associated with floral feeding by parasitoids, and temporal variation in these factors, are discussed. It is concluded that resource subsidies are not only effective in the practical enhancement of the efficacy of a specific biological control agent, but their use is based on a sound foundation in ecological theory that allows extension of these principles across taxa.

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Rott, Anja Sibylle. "Indirect interactions in host-parasitoid communities". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243731.

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Fraser, Sally Elizabeth Mary. "The ecology of woodland parasitoid assemblages". Thesis, University of York, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428501.

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French, David Richard. "Metapopulation processes in host-parasitoid systems". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395487.

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Snart, Charles J. P. "The metabolomics of host-parasitoid interactions". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30607/.

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This thesis examines the relationship between insect life history and behavioural decisions and underlying cellular biochemistry, with particular focus on bethylid parasitoid wasps in the genus Goniozus. This comprises the first major body of work attempting to draw links between the underlying metabolome of an organism and its behaviour. This thesis further optimised the first known example of a combined LC-MS and NMR metabolomic approach capable of analysing extremely low biomass samples (<1 mg), a vital requirement when studying the behaviour of individual organisms. Part 1 of this thesis details the optimisation and validation of this metabolomic approach, whilst also examining the effects of aging on the metabolome of adult Goniozus wasps. Part 2 applies this approach to examine the effects of diet, host species and host aging on Goniozus wasp behaviour and biochemistry. Comparisons of the metabolomes of starved and honey fed wasps indicate that G. legneri is capable of utilising a carbohydrate rich diet as an energy source. Aged honey fed wasps possessed higher levels of large storage lipids, such as tri- and diacylglycerides, than starved wasps of the same age. Metabolomic analysis also detected a legacy effect on the metabolome of G. legneri associated with differences in the species of host each wasp was reared on. A similar legacy effect was confirmed when examining the metabolomes of wasps reared on artificially aged hosts. Whilst Goniozus wasp oviposition behaviour was altered by the species of host presented, no links between changes in a wasp’s metabolome and its resulting contest behaviour were found. Part 3 of this thesis examines the morphological, behavioural and chemical mimicry of another wasp, the hyperparasitoid Gelis agilis. G. agilis demonstrated an enhanced predation avoidance rate compared with control species, similar to that of the black garden ant Lasius niger. Agitation of G. agilis also resulted in the chemical emission of a known ant alarm pheromone.

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Camargos, Maria Gisely. "Padrão de dispersão espacial e temporal de Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) criado em larvas de Ceratitis capitata e Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64134/tde-23032016-114303/.

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A capacidade de dispersão e parasitismo de D. longicaudata, proveniente de larvas de Ceratitis capitata (linhagem Ceratitis) e de Anastrepha fraterculus (linhagem Anastrepha) foi avaliada após liberação em pomar de goiaba. Onze liberações de cerca de 3.000 parasitoides foram realizadas entre março de 2014 e abril de 2015 no centro de um talhão de 15 ha de goiaba localizado no Projeto de Irrigação do Jaíba (15°14\'03.7\"S 43°56\'54.0\"W), em Jaíba, MG, Brasil. A dispersão foi monitorada, a partir de um ponto central de liberação, nas direções cardeais e colaterais, a uma distância de 6 m até 272 m, distantes 12 m entre si nas direções cardeais e 17 m nas colaterais. Em cada ponto uma \"unidade de parasitismo\", ou seja, um sache com cerca de 20 larvas de terceiro instar do hospedeiro mais dieta envoltos em tecido voile, foi pendurada. Larvas de C. capitata e de A. fraterculus foram oferecidas para recuperar os parasitoides em cinco liberações onde os parasitoides não tiveram escolha pelo hospedeiro e outras seis onde tiveram escolha. As \"unidades de parasitismo\" permaneceram 24 h no pomar quando foram substituídas por novas, também retiradas após 24h. Após sete e 15 dias novas \"unidades de parasitismo\" foram distribuídas e mantidas por 24 h. Foram verificadas a porcentagem de parasitismo, razão sexual, mortalidade das larvas hospedeiras e a direção de dispersão. Os dados foram analisados utilizando modelos lineares generalizados de efeito misto através do sistema estatístico R. A distância média de dispersão (DM) e a área de dispersão (S²) de D. longicaudata foram determinadas utilizando-se o modelo proposto por Dobzhansky e Wright. O total de 10.351 parasitoides foi recuperado, todos pertencentes à espécie D. longicaudata, 769 provenientes do hospedeiro A. fraterculus e 9.582 de C. capitata. A mortalidade das larvas foi maior para o hospedeiro A. fraterculus. A razão sexual foi preferencialmente (ou tendeu) para machos e diferiu apenas entre os hospedeiros, sendo maior em parasitoides recuperados de A. fraterculus (0,34), independente da linhagem liberada. Nenhuma variável climática analisada influenciou o parasitismo ou a mortalidade das larvas. A linhagem Ceratitis foi a que mais se dispersou e parasitou larvas até a distância máxima de 173 m e atingiu uma área de dispersão de até 34.067,17m². As duas linhagens do parasitoide se dispersaram em todas as direções, mas demonstraram uma tendência a se dispersar para a direção leste. As duas linhagens foram capazes de sobreviver e parasitar larvas de A. fraterculus e C. capitata por até 15 dias após sua liberação, mas, número maior de exemplares da linhagem Anastrepha foi recuperado após 15 dias parasitando larvas dos dois hospedeiros. A linhagem Anastrepha proporcionou os mais altos índices de parasitismo nas maiores distâncias do ponto de liberação e a linhagem Ceratitis em pontos mais próximos. Com base na maior capacidade de sobrevivência em condição de semiárido, maior capacidade de parasitismo em distâncias maiores do ponto de liberação e na área de dispersão média obtida (27.368,24 m²) recomenda-se a liberação de 3.000 parasitoides da linhagem Anastrepha a cada 2,7 ha de goiaba
The ability of dispersal and parasitism of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata reared with the larval host of Ceratitis capitata (Ceratitis strain) and Anastrepha fraterculus (Anastrepha strain) was evaluated in a guava orchard. Eleven releases of approximately 3,000 parasitoids were conducted between March 2014 and April 2015 at the center of a 15-ha guava orchard located in the Jaíba Irrigation Project area (15°14?03.7?S, 43°56?54.0?W) in Jaíba, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The dispersal of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata was monitored within a distance of 6 m to 272 m from a central point of release to the cardinal and collateral directions; each cardinal and collateral direction point was located at a distance of 12 m and 17 m from each other, respectively. At each point, a \"parasitism unit\", that comprised a sachet made of voile fabric containing 20 third instar larval host more diet was hung. Larvae of C. capitata and A. fraterculus were offered to recover the parasitoids into five releases where the parasitoids had no choice by the host and six where they had choice. The \"parasitism units\" remained for 24 hours in the orchard when they were replaced with new ones, also remained for 24 hours. After 7 and 15 days others \"parasitism units\" were distributed and maintained for 24 h. Observations on parasitism, sex ratio, mortality of host larvae, and the direction of dispersal were made for each time point. Data were analyzed using the general linear models and mixed effect models by the R statistical system. The average distance dispersion (DM) and the dispersion area (S²) of D. longicaudata were determined using the model proposed by Dobzhansky and Wright. A total of 10,351 parasitoids was recovered, all belonging to D. longicaudata, 769 from the host A. fraterculus and 9,582 from C. capitata. Larval mortality was higher in A. fraterculus. The sex ratio showed a tendency for males and differed between the hosts; the number of males was higher in the parasitoids recovered from A. fraterculus (0.34), regardless of the strain of D. longicaudata released. Parasitism or larval mortality was not influenced by any of the climatic variables analyzed. The Ceratitis strain was most dispersed and parasitized larvae up to a maximum distance of 173 m and scattering area of up to 34,067.17 m². Both parasitoid strains scattered in all directions, but showed a tendency to disperse toward the east. The two strains were able to survive and parasitize the larvae of A. fraterculus and C. capitata for up to 15 days after its release, but more number of the Anastrepha strain were recovered after 15 days of parasitizing the larvae of the two hosts. The Anastrepha strain showed the highest parasitism rate over larger distances from the point of release, while the Ceratitis strain parasitized the larval hosts close to the release points. Based on the highest survival in semiarid conditions, the higher parasitism capacity at greater distances from the point of release, and the average obtained dispersion area (27,368.24 m²), we recommend the release of 3,000 parasitoids of Anastrepha strain in every 2.7 ha of guava orchards

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Fellowes, Mark Dominic Edmund. "Evolution of host resistance to parasitoid attack". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8082.

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Green, Darren Michael. "Coevolutionary dynamics in a parasitoid-host system". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312023.

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Książki na temat "Parasitoid"

E, Hochberg Michael, i Ives Anthony R. 1961-, red. Parasitoid population biology. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 2000.

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A, Hawkins Bradford, i Sheehan William 1947-, red. Parasitoid community ecology. Oxford [England]: Oxford University Press, 1994.

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Parasitoid viruses: Symbionts and pathogens. London: Elsevier/Academic Press, 2012.

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Quicke, Donald L. J. The Braconid and Ichneumonid Parasitoid Wasps. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118907085.

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Ganeshan, Seelavarn. Entomological parasitoid-host records from Mauritius. Wyd. 2. [Réduit, Mauritius]: Mauritius Sugar Industry Research Institute, 2000.

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Hawkins, Bradford A. Pattern and process in host-parasitoid interactions. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

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Skilbeck, Christopher Anthony. The sensory biology of the parasitoid and predator aleochara bilineta (coleoptera:staphlinidae). Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1996.

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King, Fiona Catherine. The physiology and behaviour of cabbage root fly-parasitoid interactions with special reference to the parasitoids Aleochara bilineata (Coleoptera:Staphylinidae) and Trybliographa rapae (Hymenoptera: Cynidipae). Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1999.

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Brooks, Scott Edward. Geographic variation of the parasitoid complex associated with galls induced by Hemadas nubilipennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, Department of Biology, 1993.

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Arsenault, Lynn. The effects of parasitoid attack on the blueberry Gall, induced by Hemadas nubilipennis ashmead (Hymenoptera : pteromalidae). Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, Department of Biology, 1987.

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Części książek na temat "Parasitoid"

Frank, J. Howard, J. Howard Frank, Michael C. Thomas, Allan A. Yousten, F. William Howard, Robin M. Giblin-davis, John B. Heppner i in. "Parasitoid". W Encyclopedia of Entomology, 2742. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_2773.

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Frank, J. Howard, J. Howard Frank, Michael C. Thomas, Allan A. Yousten, F. William Howard, Robin M. Giblin-davis, John B. Heppner i in. "Primary Parasitoid". W Encyclopedia of Entomology, 3046. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_3125.

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Peck, Stewart B., Carol C. Mapes, Netta Dorchin, John B. Heppner, Eileen A. Buss, Gustavo Moya-Raygoza, Marjorie A. Hoy i in. "Gregarious Parasitoid". W Encyclopedia of Entomology, 1740. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_1195.

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Heppner, John B., David B. Richman, Steven E. Naranjo, Dale Habeck, Christopher Asaro, Jean-Luc Boevé, Johann Baumgärtner i in. "Solitary Parasitoid". W Encyclopedia of Entomology, 3466. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_4272.

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Silveira, Luis Cláudio Paterno, Ivana Lemos Souza, Vitor Barrile Tomazella i Heisler Alexsander Gomez Mendez. "Parasitoid Insects". W Natural Enemies of Insect Pests in Neotropical Agroecosystems, 97–109. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24733-1_9.

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Hastings, Alan. "Host—Parasitoid Interactions". W Population Biology, 181–88. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2731-9_9.

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Godfray, H. C. J., i C. B. Müller. "Host-parasitoid dynamics". W Insect Populations In theory and in practice, 135–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4914-3_6.

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Marino, Paul C., i Douglas A. Landis. "Parasitoid Community Structure". W Interchanges of Insects between Agricultural and Surrounding Landscapes, 183–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1913-1_11.

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Costa, David G., i Paul J. Schulte. "Host-Parasitoid Models". W An Invitation to Mathematical Biology, 51–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40258-6_9.

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Belshaw, Robert. "Life history characteristics of Tachinidae (Diptera) and their effect on polyphagy". W Parasitoid Community Ecology, 145–62. Oxford University PressOxford, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198540588.003.0008.

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Abstract When most biologists think of parasitoids it is the parasitic Hymenoptera which come to mind, and the rest of this book deals almost exclusively with them. There is, however, a great diversity of non-hymenopteran parasitoids, mostly in the Coleoptera and Diptera, which account for approximately one-quarter of all described insect parasitoid species (Eggleton and Belshaw 1992). The largest of these families is the Tachinidae (Diptera), with 8200 species described world-wide (Cantrell and Crosskey 1989).

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Parasitoid"

Dai, Huawei, Wenlong Li, Zizhen Li i Hua Liu. "Dynamic Complexities in a Host-Parasitoid System with Aggregated Parasitoid". W 2009 First International Conference on Information Science and Engineering. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icise.2009.520.

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Dai, Huawei, Wenlong Li, Zizhen Li i Shounian Deng. "Dynamic Complexities in a Host-Parasitoid Model with Parasitoid Intergenerational Survival". W 2010 Second International Conference on Computer Modeling and Simulation (ICCMS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccms.2010.170.

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Manic, Gheorghe. "Complexul parazitoid al cinipidului Neuroterus Quercusbaccarum (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) ce se dezvoltă pe frunze de stejar". W International symposium ”Functional ecology of animals” dedicated to the 70th anniversary from the birth of academician Ion Toderas. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/9789975315975.47.

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The research of parasitoid calcidids associated with the cinopid Neuroterus quercusbaccarum L. (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) was performed in the forest ridges of the northern and central districts of the Republic of Moldova during the years 2016-2018. In total, more than 1000 gallons were collected, of which eights pecies of entomophagus included in 7 genres and 6 families were obtained under laboratory conditions: Pteromalidae – Mesopolobus tibialis Westw., M. Fasciiventris Westw.; Eupelmidae – Eupelmus fulvipes Förster, Eulophidae – Olynx gallarum L., Tetrastichus sp., Ormyridae – Ormyrus diffinis Fonsc., Eurytomidae – Eudecatoma biguttata Swed.; Torymidae – Torymus flavipes Walker. In the parasitoid complex with a higher percentage of parasites, threes pecies were found: Torymus flavipes Walker (Chalcidoidea, Torymidae), Mesopolobus tibialis Westw., M. Fasciiventris Westw. (Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae). The lowest percentage of parasites was recorded in Tetrastichus sp. (Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae). Torymus flavipes Walker iscited as a new species for Moldova’s fauna. For the first time there has been infestation of this host with parasitoids: Mesopolobus fasciiventris Westw. (Pteromalidae), Ormyrus diffinis Fonsc. (Ormyridae), Eudecatoma biguttataSwed. (Eurytomidae), Eupelmus fulvipes Förster (Eupelmidae); Tetrastichus sp. (Eulophidae), Torymus flavipes Walker (Torymidae).

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Martinson, Ellen O. "Recruitment and evolution of parasitoid wasp venoms". W 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.105063.

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Plantegenest, Manuel. "Parasitoid interactions from crop and non-crop resources". W 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.108609.

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Fagan-Jeffries, Erinn P. "Australian microgastrine parasitoid wasps: Systematics meets citizen science". W 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.109349.

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Hervet, Vincent A. D. "Ecology of a hymenopteran parasitoid,Cotesia vanessae(Braconidae)". W 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.113328.

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Singh, Abhyudai, i Brooks Emerick. "Hybrid systems framework for modeling host-parasitoid population dynamics". W 2020 59th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc42340.2020.9304450.

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Kaser, Joe M. "Parasitoid host range, establishment success, and biological control efficacy". W 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.110277.

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Dai, Huawei, Shounian Deng i Zizhen Li. "Stability and Instability incurred by Aggregation in Host-Parasitoid Systems". W 2010 Second International Conference on Computer Modeling and Simulation (ICCMS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccms.2010.162.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Parasitoid"

Audsley, Neil, Gonzalo Avila, Claudio Ioratti, Valerie Caron, Chiara Ferracini, Tibor Bukovinszki, Marc Kenis i in. Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith). Euphresco, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240228677.

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The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a major pest native to the Americas, recently invading Africa, Asia and Oceania, severely affecting maize and other crops. Control efforts mainly involve chemical pesticides, posing public health risks. Classical biological control has not been implemented in the invaded regions, though some native parasitoids have adapted to the pest. In the Americas, various parasitoids and predators attack S. frugiperda. The egg parasitoid Telenomus remus, successful in the Americas, is already present in Africa and Asia. Key potential biological control agents include Chelonus insularis, an egg-larval parasitoid with high parasitism rates; Eiphosoma laphygmae, a specific larval parasitoid; and Campoletis spp., larval parasitoids that may be suitable for cooler regions. Other promising parasitoids include Aleoides laphygmae, Cotesia marginiventris, Archytas marmoratus and Lespesia archippivora. Further investigation into these parasitoids could enhance biological control strategies in newly invaded areas.

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Audsley, Neil, Gonzalo Avila, Claudio Ioratti, Valerie Caron, Chiara Ferracini, Tibor Bukovinszki, Marc Kenis i in. Brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (StÃ¥l). Euphresco, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240228464.

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The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, a severe pest of Asian origin, has spread to Europe, North America and South America, causing significant damage to fruits, vegetables and nuts. Chemical control methods are often ineffective due to the high mobility, broad host range and resilience of the pest. Biological control, particularly using egg parasitoids, presents a promising long-term solution. The egg parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus is considered the most promising candidate for biological control, with adventive populations found in Europe and North America showing varying levels of impact on H. halys populations. Another egg parasitoid, Trissolcus mitsukurii, has also been detected in Europe and shows potential as a biological control agent. While these parasitoids are oligophagous and occasionally target non-H. halys species, their strong preference for H. halys makes them viable for biological control efforts. Ongoing introduction and redistribution efforts aim to enhance their impact on H. halys populations.

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Audsley, Neil, Gonzalo Avila, Claudio Ioratti, Valerie Caron, Chiara Ferracini, Tibor Bukovinszki, Marc Kenis i in. Oak processionary moth, Thaumetopoea processionea (L.). Euphresco, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240228704.

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The oak processionary moth (Thaumetopoea processionea>) is native to Central and Southern Europe and has been spreading to Northern Europe, including Southern England since 2006. The larvae feed on various oak species (Quercus spp.), contributing to oak decline and causing significant health issues for humans and pets due to their urticating hairs. There is no history of classical biological control for this pest, but several promising natural enemies exist. The most promising natural enemies include the larval parasitoids Carcelia iliaca and Pales processioneae, which are specific to Thaumetopoea spp. and have been dominant in Germany and the Netherlands, with C. iliaca also found in invasive UK populations. The egg parasitoid Ooencyrtus masii is noted in Italy but seems less significant than other polyphagous species, such as Anastatus bifasciatus and Trichogramma spp. Pimpla processioneae and other Pimpla species are frequently found parasitizing pupae, with P. processioneae being the most specific. Other natural enemies such as A. bifasciatus, the larval parasitoid Meteorus versicolor, and various tachinid parasitoids are abundant but too polyphagous for classical biological control programs.

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Audsley, Neil, Gonzalo Avila, Claudio Ioratti, Valerie Caron, Chiara Ferracini, Tibor Bukovinszki, Marc Kenis i in. Pine Processionary Moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & SchiffermÃ¼ller). Euphresco, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240228697.

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The pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa; PPM) is native to southern Europe, North Africa and parts of the Middle East, but has expanded northwards into several European countries. The larvae feed on conifer needles, causing severe defoliation and weakening trees, making them more susceptible to other pests and diseases. The urticating setae of older larvae pose significant health risks to humans and animals, causing skin and respiratory issues. While no classical biological control programs specifically target PPM, several natural enemies show promise. Key parasitoids include the egg parasitoids Baryscapus servadeii and Ooencyrtus pityocampae, the larval parasitoid Phryxe caudata and the pupal parasitoids Villa brunnea and Coelichneumon rudis. These parasitoids exhibit variable parasitism rates depending on region and conditions. Additionally, the ground beetle Calosoma sycophanta has been used in augmentative releases for control, demonstrating potential for classical biological control in areas where it does not naturally exist.

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Audsley, Neil, Gonzalo Avila, Claudio Ioratti, Valerie Caron, Chiara Ferracini, Tibor Bukovinszki, Marc Kenis i in. Bronze Birch Borer, Agrilus anxius (L.). Euphresco, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240228438.

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The bronze birch borer (BBB), Agrilus anxius, is a significant pest native to North America, affecting birch trees (Betula spp.). Its larvae burrow through the cambial layer, causing tree decline and mortality, especially in stressed North American birches and healthy European and Asian birches. Although endemic in North America, BBB has caused widespread damage, particularly in urban areas and during droughts. The pest poses a potential threat to European and Asian birch forests if it were to spread. Currently, there is no history of classical biological control against BBB. Several natural enemies, including egg and larval parasitoids, such as Thysanus sp., Atanycolus charus and Phasgonophora sulcata, have been identified in North America, but their role in controlling BBB populations is unclear. Other natural enemies, including various parasitoid species and a microsporidian, have shown limited potential. Oobius agrili, a parasitoid used against emerald ash borer (EAB), can parasitize BBB ova, but is less effective when EAB ova are present. Further research is needed to identify and evaluate potential biological control agents for BBB.

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Audsley, Neil, Gonzalo Avila, Claudio Ioratti, Valerie Caron, Chiara Ferracini, Tibor Bukovinszki, Marc Kenis i in. Spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura). Euphresco, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240228462.

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The spotted wing Drosophila, (Drosophila suzukii) native to East Asia, has become an invasive species in Hawaii, USA, since 1980 and has spread globally, affecting economically important crops, such as berries and cherries. The high reproductive rate and polyphagous nature of this species, facilitated by a unique serrated ovipositor, lead to significant crop damage and economic losses. Control measures, including insecticides and biological controls, have limited effectiveness due to frequent re-infestations. Research in Asia identified 3 promising parasitoid species for classical biological control, i.e. Ganaspis brasiliensis, Leptopilina japonica and Asobara japonica. Among them, G. brasiliensis (particularly genetic group G1) shows the highest host specificity to D. suzukii and has been approved for release in several regions. Other parasitoids, such as Trichopria drosophilae and Pachycrepoideus vindemiae, have limited field effectiveness. Classical biological control using specific parasitoids offers a potential solution to reduce D. suzukii populations and mitigate economic damage.

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Audsley, Neil, Gonzalo Avila, Claudio Ioratti, Valerie Caron, Chiara Ferracini, Tibor Bukovinszki, Marc Kenis i in. Spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (White). Euphresco, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240228475.

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The spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula; SLF), a planthopper native to China and south east Asia, has spread to South Korea, Japan and the USA, causing significant economic damage to agriculture and forests. Feeding on over 100 plant species, SLF exudes sap that promotes mold growth and is a nuisance due to its aggregating behavior. Research on natural enemies for biological control has identified several promising candidates. In China, the egg parasitoid Anastatus orientalis and the nymphal parasitoid Dryinus sinicus show potential, with A. orientalis demonstrating high parasitism rates but variable specificity. In the USA, the egg parasitoid Ooencyrtus kuvanae, initially used for spongy moth control, has been found in SLF egg masses, though its broad host range and potential as a hyperparasitoid may limit its suitability. Further research is necessary to fully evaluate these natural enemies for effective biological control of SLF.

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Hopper, Keith, i Moshe Coll. Parasitoid Movement between Habitats and Biological Control of Aphid Pests. United States Department of Agriculture, listopad 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7570548.bard.

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Audsley, Neil, Gonzalo Avila, Claudio Ioratti, Valerie Caron, Chiara Ferracini, Tibor Bukovinszki, Marc Kenis i in. Plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst). Euphresco, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240228457.

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The plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar, is a native pest of North America, predominantly affecting stone and pome fruits, such as peaches, apricots, nectarines and apples. Its damage, caused by oviposition and larval feeding, leads to scarring, premature fruit drop and deformities, posing significant economic challenges to orchard production. Control methods, including chemical treatments and biological control using entomopathogenic nematodes, have proven challenging due to the development of the pest inside the fruit and unpredictable population dynamics. While classical biological control efforts have not been undertaken due to the limited distribution of the pest, several parasitoid species have been identified as potential natural enemies. However, their effectiveness in controlling plum curculio remains uncertain, with variable rates of parasitism reported across different studies and locations. Further research is needed to assess the potential of parasitoids and other natural enemies for managing plum curculio populations effectively.

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Audsley, Neil, Gonzalo Avila, Claudio Ioratti, Valerie Caron, Chiara Ferracini, Tibor Bukovinszki, Marc Kenis i in. False Codling Moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick). Euphresco, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240228687.

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The false codling moth (Thaumatotibia leucotreta) is a major polyphagous pest native to sub-Saharan Africa, affecting over 50 crop species, including citrus, stone fruits, nuts, arable crops, grapevines and vegetables. Larval feeding causes significant damage to fruits, leading to premature ripening and yield losses. The pest, present year-round due to its lack of diapause, is found in African countries and Israel and can spread through trade. Strict phytosanitary measures are required to prevent its spread, impacting trade markets. There are no classical biological control programs for this pest. Promising biological control agents include the egg parasitoid Trichogrammatoidea cryptophlebiae and the larval parasitoid Agathis bishop, both native to southern Africa. Additionally, the entomopathogenic virus Cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus (CrleGV) has been used against it in citrus.

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