Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Parasitic”
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Uji, Tahan, Sunaryo Sunaryo i Erlin Rachman. "KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS BENALU PARASIT PADA TANAMAN KOLEKSI DI KEBUN RAYA EKA KARYA, BALI". Berkala Penelitian Hayati 13, nr 1 (31.12.2007): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23869/bphjbr.13.1.20071.
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Benalu is one of the parasitic plants which have ataccked many collection plants species in Eka Karya Botanical Garden, Bali. Exploration and collection of these parasitic plants in this area are conducted. Four parasitic plants species, i.e. Dendrophthoe pentandra, Helixanthera cylindrica, Scurrula atropurpurea, and S. parasitica are recorded and they attack 32 collection plants species in Eka Karya Botanical Garden. Dendrophthoe pentandra is reported as the highest population species to parasiting collection plants species. While the Myrtaceae family and Syzygium genera are also reported as the highest parasited species.
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Musolff, Andreas. "Metaphorical parasites and “parasitic” metaphors". Cognitive Perspectives on Political Discourse 13, nr 2 (20.08.2014): 218–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.13.2.02mus.
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The metaphorical categorization of social and political adversaries as “parasites” has an infamous history in public discourse: For two centuries it has been routinely used for the purpose of racial and socio-political stigmatization. In cognitive accounts, the parasite-metaphor has usually been treated as an example of semantic transfer from the biological to the social domain. Historically, however, the scientific uses cannot be deemed original or primary, as their emergence in the 17th and 18th centuries was preceded by a much older tradition of religious and social meanings. The paper charts the main traditions of diachronic variation in the discourse history of the parasite-metaphor anddiscusses the implications of its findings regarding the assumption of “uni-directionality” of metaphorization processes, which has been a central tenet of cognitive analyses. In conclusion, we ask whether metaphors in political discourse might fruitfully be viewed as a “parasitic” form of communication.
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Medina, Iliana, i Naomi E. Langmore. "Coevolution is linked with phenotypic diversification but not speciation in avian brood parasites". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, nr 1821 (22.12.2015): 20152056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.2056.
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Coevolution is often invoked as an engine of biological diversity. Avian brood parasites and their hosts provide one of the best-known examples of coevolution. Brood parasites lay their eggs in the nests of other species, selecting for host defences and reciprocal counteradaptations in parasites. In theory, this arms race should promote increased rates of speciation and phenotypic evolution. Here, we use recently developed methods to test whether the three largest avian brood parasitic lineages show changes in rates of phenotypic diversity and speciation relative to non-parasitic lineages. Our results challenge the accepted paradigm, and show that there is little consistent evidence that lineages of brood parasites have higher speciation or extinction rates than non-parasitic species. However, we provide the first evidence that the evolution of brood parasitic behaviour may affect rates of evolution in morphological traits associated with parasitism. Specifically, egg size and the colour and pattern of plumage have evolved up to nine times faster in parasitic than in non-parasitic cuckoos. Moreover, cuckoo clades of parasitic species that are sympatric (and share similar host genera) exhibit higher rates of phenotypic evolution. This supports the idea that competition for hosts may be linked to the high phenotypic diversity found in parasitic cuckoos.
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Tambunan, Meidoraeka Rigine, i Reza Raihandhany. "Jenis-Jenis Tumbuhan Parasit dan Persebarannya di Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) Kampus Ganesha". Jurnal Sumberdaya Hayati 6, nr 2 (31.12.2020): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jsdh.6.2.47-55.
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Parasitic plants are a group of plants that live and have a broad ecological distribution which in general attack trees, shrubs or herbs to be used as a host. Some parasitic plants attacked some plants in Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) Ganesha Campus, Bandung. Exploration and collection of these parasitic plants in this area are conducted. Three parasitic plants species, such as Cuscuta australis, Scurrula parasitica, and Dendrophthoe pentandra are recorded and they attack 7 other plants species in ITB Ganesha. S. parasitica is reported as the highest population species to parasiting 5 plants species, while C. australis only parasiting 3 plants species and D. pendantra is parasiting 4 plants.
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Scott, TA. "Immunology of Parasites and Parasitic Infections". Biochemical Education 13, nr 2 (kwiecień 1985): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0307-4412(85)90035-4.
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Gray, G. D., i H. S. Gill. "Host genes, parasites and parasitic infections". International Journal for Parasitology 23, nr 4 (lipiec 1993): 485–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(93)90037-y.
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Sugonyaev, E. S. "Strategies of parasitism in parasitic wasps". Entomological Review 86, nr 5 (czerwiec 2006): 544–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s001387380605006x.
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Avishek, Bardhan. "Fish-borne parasites proficient in zoonotic diseases: a mini review". Insights in Veterinary Science 6, nr 1 (15.03.2022): 005–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.ivs.1001035.
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Fish-borne parasitic zoonoses are primarily found in people living in developing and underdeveloped countries. The parasites that cause such zoonoses like Trichinella and Taenia are well-known in developed nations, but few people are familiar with fish-borne parasitic zoonoses, which are largely caused by helminths and protozoans. In general, parasitic zoonoses transmitted by fish are rarely life-threatening, although cases and reports of such infestations have increased over the world. The list of parasitic organisms is extensive. This article attempts to provide a complete overview of the many fish-borne parasites that can cause zoonosis among humans and animals alike.
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Sulistyawati, Sri Wijayanti, Dwi Peni Kartikasari, Lynda Rossyanti, Heny Arwati, M. Yasin Fitri Nugroho, Frista Amalia, Bagus Dwi Nugraha i Awwaliyah Azmi Izzati. "EDUCATION PROGRAM AND FACILITY IMPROVEMENT FOR PERSONAL HYGIENE AT PONDOK PESANTREN METAL MUSLIM, PASURUAN". Jurnal Layanan Masyarakat (Journal of Public Services) 6, nr 1 (29.03.2022): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jlm.v6i1.2022.91-98.
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This community service activity was carried out with the partner of the Muslim Metal Islamic Boarding School, Pasuruan. This activity aims to improve the habits of clean and healthy living behavior (personal hygiene. The activities offered include examination of intestinal parasitic infections for residents of the Muslim Metal Islamic Boarding School, counseling on intestinal parasitic infections and personal hygiene and improvement of PHBS facilities. The counselling given is about various kinds of parasites that cause intestinal infections, transmission of intestinal parasitic infections, and how to prevent intestinal parasitic infections by implementing personal hygiene (PHBS). By knowing about intestinal parasites and how they are transmitted, be expected that they will be able to avoid infection with intestinal parasites by practicing PHBS discipline.
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Capella, Gabriela De Almeida, Natália Berne Pinto, Soliane Carra Perera, Claudia Giordani, Micaele Quintana de Moura, Leonardo Mortagua de Castro, Tairan Ourique Motta i in. "Environmental contamination by parasitic forms in a socially vulnerable community in southern Rio Grande do Sul state: a serious public health problem". Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 55, nr 2 (26.07.2018): e132007. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2018.132007.
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vulnerability. The fact that these people share the environment with animals promotes the establishment of zoonotic parasitic infections, as well as the resultant parasitic cycles. Thus, parasites present in the environment must be identified, so that control measures can be recommended. In this context, this study’s objective was to evaluate environmental contamination by parasitic forms in a socially vulnerable community in southern Rio Grande do Sul. A total of 100 soil samples collected from the community were processed by a sodium dichromate centrifuge-flotation technique and analyzed by a compound microscope (40X objective) for the identification of parasite eggs, oocysts and cysts. All points were positive for two or more parasites, with the identification of 33.59% non-identified coccidian oocysts, Strongylida (25.4%), Ascaridida (21.31%), Trichuris spp. (8.19%), Toxocara spp. (3.27%), Amoebas (4.08%), Dioctophyma renale (2.45%), and Giardia spp. (1.63%). The presence of parasitic forms in all points analyzed surpasses other studies of environmental contamination carried out in the southern region of Brazil. In addition, the identification of several parasitic forms with zoonotic potential is concerning, since it shows the possibility of parasitic transmission to humans and other animals. In view of the results, the conclusion is that the environment analyzed is contaminated by parasitic forms, constituting a serious public health problem. Therefore, implementing educational and preventive measures in the community to control parasites is of crucial importance.
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Tiwari, Bishnu Raj, Ranju Chaudhary, Nabaraj Adhikari, Sailesh Kumar Jayaswal, Thakur Prasad Poudel i Komal Raj Rijal. "Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among School Children of Dadeldhura District, Nepal". Journal of Health and Allied Sciences 3, nr 1 (21.11.2019): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37107/jhas.44.
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Intestinal parasitic infestations are a common finding in the developing world, however, the patterns of parasitic distribution and rates are different elsewhere. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infestation and chemical analysis of stool sample of the school children of age group 4-12 years in Dadeldhura district, far western region of Nepal. Out of 530 stool samples, 165 (31.13%) were found to be intestinal parasites positive. Among the total parasites, Hymenolepsis nana (46.56%) and Giardia lamblia (7.47%) were found in high prevalence as helmiths and protozoa respectively. Among the total stool samples 159 (30%) showed positive occult blood test. The prevalence of parasitic infection was found high in the children of age group 4-6 years (38.18%) than others though the result was not significant statistically (P>0.05). Highest prevalence of parasites was found in those not following the hygienic conditions (36.17%) than those following (18.83%). Similarly, high proportion of the parasites were found in children having gastrointestinal symptoms (49.23%) than in children without the gastrointestinal symptoms (13.70%) though the result was not significant statistically (P>0.05). The study showed the children using the water directly from the source had higher prevalence of parasites (32.13%) than those using treated water (14.28%). This study presents the high prevalence of stool parasites in school going children of Dadeldhura district.
Key words: Parasitic infection, School children, Stool samples, Dadeldhura, Nepal.
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Jyoti Kohli, Ajay Puri i Ashok Dhar. "Prevalence of Parasitic Infections in Patients Attending Tertiary Hospital ASCOMS Jammu". Asian Journal of Medical Research 9, nr 1 (29.04.2020): MB01—MB03. http://dx.doi.org/10.47009/ajmr.2020.9.1.mb1.
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Background: Intestinal parasitic infections are endemic worldwide and varies considerably from place to place. According to World health organization two billion people are infected with parasitic infections globally. This prevalence is due to low levels of sanitation, open defecation, lack of safe water supply, poor hygiene, low socio- economic status, age group and impoverished health services.Subjects and Methods:In order to know the infection rate of these intestinal parasites 2500 stool specimens were studied microscopically for parasitic infections by direct wet mount and iodine mount.Results:It was observed that only 5.28% were infected with intestinal parasites. The ova and cysts of various intestinal parasites were identified microscopically and pattern of different isolated parasites were studied and it was observed that most commonly isolated was Giardia intestinalis 69.69%, followed by Entamoebahistolytica 19.69%, Ascarislumbricoides 7.57%, Ankylostomaduodenale 1.51% and Trichuristrichuira 1.51%.Conclusion: The decrease in parasitic infections evidence the success of health education, improved sanitation and healthy lifestyle.
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Torres-Chablé, Oswaldo Margarito, Ricardo Alfonso García-Herrera, Melchor Hernández-Hernández, Jorge Alonso Peralta-Torres, Nadia Florencia Ojeda-Robertos, Bradley John Blitvich, Carlos Marcial Baak-Baak, Julián Everardo García-Rejón i Carlos Ignacio Machain-Wiliams. "Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in domestic dogs in Tabasco, southeastern Mexico". Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 24, nr 4 (4.12.2015): 432–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612015077.
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Abstract The overall goal of this study was to estimate the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in dogs in the city of Villahermosa in Tabasco, Mexico. The study population consisted of 302 owned dogs that had limited access to public areas. A fecal sample was collected from each animal and examined for GI parasites by conventional macroscopic analysis and centrifugal flotation. Fecal samples from 80 (26.5%) dogs contained GI parasites. Of these, 58 (19.2%) were positive for helminths and 22 (7.3%) were positive for protozoan parasites. At least seven parasitic species were identified. The most common parasite was Ancylostoma caninum which was detected in 48 (15.9%) dogs. Other parasites detected on multiple occasions were Cystoisospora spp. (n = 19), Toxocara canis (n = 7) and Giardia spp. (n = 3). Three additional parasites, Dipylidium caninum, Trichuris vulpis and Uncinaria spp., were each detected in a single dog. No mixed parasitic infections were identified. In summary, we report a moderately high prevalence of GI parasites in owned dogs in Villahermosa, Tabasco. Several parasitic species identified in this study are recognized zoonotic pathogens which illustrates the important need to routinely monitor and treat dogs that live in close proximity to humans for parasitic infections.
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Hu, Luyang, Jiansu Wang, Chong Yang, Faisal Islam, Harro Bouwmeester, Stéphane Muños i Weijun Zhou. "The Effect of Virulence and Resistance Mechanisms on the Interactions between Parasitic Plants and Their Hosts". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, nr 23 (27.11.2020): 9013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239013.
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Parasitic plants have a unique heterotrophic lifestyle based on the extraction of water and nutrients from host plants. Some parasitic plant species, particularly those of the family Orobanchaceae, attack crops and cause substantial yield losses. The breeding of resistant crop varieties is an inexpensive way to control parasitic weeds, but often does not provide a long-lasting solution because the parasites rapidly evolve to overcome resistance. Understanding mechanisms underlying naturally occurring parasitic plant resistance is of great interest and could help to develop methods to control parasitic plants. In this review, we describe the virulence mechanisms of parasitic plants and resistance mechanisms in their hosts, focusing on obligate root parasites of the genera Orobanche and Striga. We noticed that the resistance (R) genes in the host genome often encode proteins with nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat domains (NLR proteins), hence we proposed a mechanism by which host plants use NLR proteins to activate downstream resistance gene expression. We speculated how parasitic plants and their hosts co-evolved and discussed what drives the evolution of virulence effectors in parasitic plants by considering concepts from similar studies of plant–microbe interaction. Most previous studies have focused on the host rather than the parasite, so we also provided an updated summary of genomic resources for parasitic plants and parasitic genes for further research to test our hypotheses. Finally, we discussed new approaches such as CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing and RNAi silencing that can provide deeper insight into the intriguing life cycle of parasitic plants and could potentially contribute to the development of novel strategies for controlling parasitic weeds, thereby enhancing crop productivity and food security globally.
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Vassoudevane, Janani, Monika Mariebernard i Vinoth Rajendran. "Stearylamine Liposome as an Anti-Parasitic Agent". Drugs and Drug Candidates 2, nr 1 (27.02.2023): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ddc2010006.
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The uncontrolled increasing clinical resistance to the current anti-parasitic drugs towards important protozoan parasites (Plasmodium, Leishmania, Trypanosoma and Toxoplasma) has stimulated the search for novel and safe therapeutic agents at affordable prices for countries in which these parasites are endemic. For the past few decades, the criticality of the cationic lipid stearylamine (SA) in liposomes has been explored in these human parasites. Previously, SA was incorporated in the liposomal formulation to impart a net positive charge for enhanced cellular uptake. However, the discovery of SA in liposomes alone elicits a strong anti-parasitic activity with immunomodulatory potential. Additionally, the SA liposome possesses a significant inhibitory potential on multiple life stages of the parasite cycle and delivers an equal effect on both drug-sensitive and resistant parasites. Moreover, the delivery of standard anti-parasitic drugs using SA liposome vesicles has enhanced the efficacy of drugs due to the synergistic impacts without causing any apparent toxicity on the host cells. In addition, the delivery of antigens as vaccine candidates using SA liposomes elicits a pronounced immune response in clearing the infection compared to other cationic lipids and SA-free liposomes. Nonetheless, SA liposome mediates its anti-parasitic activity by targeting the negatively charged phosphatidylserine-exposed infected host cell surface or by interaction with negatively charged sialic acid of free-living parasites. Overall, SA liposome confers its protection by acting as a chemotherapeutic agent with immunomodulatory activity. Therefore, a broadly acting anti-parasitic agent (SA liposome) is promising in tackling the deadly parasitic infections in endemic regions and warrants further clinical investigations.
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Ding, Haojie, Songrui Wu, Zi Jin, Bin Zheng, Yuan Hu, Ke He, Shaohong Lu i Xunhui Zhuo. "Anti-Tumor Effect of Parasitic Protozoans". Bioengineering 9, nr 8 (16.08.2022): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9080395.
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The immune system may aberrantly silence when against “altered self”, which consequently may develop into malignancies. With the development of tumor immunology and molecular biology, the deepened understanding of the relationship between parasites and tumors shifts the attitude towards parasitic pathogens from elimination to utilization. In recent years, the antitumor impact implemented by protozoan parasites and the derived products has been confirmed. The immune system is activated and enhanced by some protozoan parasites, thereby inhibiting tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis in many animal models. In this work, we reviewed the available information on the antitumor effect of parasitic infection or induced by parasitic antigen, as well as the involved immune mechanisms that modulate cancer progression. Despite the fact that clinical trials of the protozoan parasites against tumors are limited and the specific mechanisms of the effect on tumors are not totally clear, the use of genetically modified protozoan parasites and derived molecules combined with chemotherapy could be an important element for promoting antitumor treatment in the future.
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Ghorbani, Alireza, i Yagoob Garedaghi. "An Overview of the Science of Parasitology Simply for the General Public". International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences 4, nr 1 (29.03.2023): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ijmpes.2023.03.
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Every year, millions of people in the world are infected with parasitic diseases, and the main conflict with parasitic diseases is in countries with hot and humid climates and low levels of hygiene. Parasites can damage human and animal communities in different ways, and these damages can be highly extensive. Parasites exist in microscopic and macroscopic forms, which are transmitted to humans and animals through different ways, including water, food, or insect bites. Controlling and examining the transmission ways of parasites is the most important way to prevent parasitic diseases. Although these control programs are being implemented today, one of the extremely important points in controlling parasites is that parasites are eukaryotic organisms, and treatment and control of these organisms is much more difficult compared to prokaryotic organisms. Accordingly, increasing public knowledge is the best way to deal with parasites.
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Adogo, L. Y., H. D. Yakubu i J. I. Maikenti. "Parasites on Vegetables Sold at Masaka Market, Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria". Nigerian Journal of Parasitology 42, nr 1 (14.04.2021): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v42i1.16.
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The consumption of fresh vegetables serves as source of important nutrients in the body; however, parasitic infection from the consumption of raw fruits and vegetables is on the increase. This study aimed at identifying the parasitic contamination of Vegetables sold at Masaka market New Karu, Nasarawa State. A total of 240 samples of vegetables were examined by sedimentation concentration after washing using normal saline. The overall prevalence of parasitic contamination was 52.5%. Fluted pumpkin (93.3%) was the most contaminated vegetable while cucumber and apple (16.7%) were the least contaminated vegetables (P>0.05). Strongyloides stercoralis(28.9%) was the most frequently detected parasite followed by Taenia spp (18.8%), Entamoeba coli (17.2%), Hookworm (13.3%), Entamoeba histolytica (8.6%), Ascaris lumbricoides (7.8%) and Toxocara spp (5.5%) was the least detected parasite. The parasitic contamination of different vegetables shows that Tomatoes and Lettuce had the highest poly-parasitic contamination of four species of parasites, whereas Apple and Cucumber had the least poly-parasitic contamination of one parasite. Strongyloides stercoralis had the highest infestation (37.5%) of the water samples used to refresh the vegetables. Vegetables that were washed before display for selling was significantly associated with reduced parasitic contamination (P>0.05). Vegetables are potential sources of transmission for intestinal parasites in the study area, hence, proper washing of fruits and cooking of vegetables is required to reduce parasitic infections.
Keywords: Vegetables, Parasitic contamination, Masaka, Karu, Nasarawa
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Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A., Hojoong Kim i Ziad A. Memish. "Parasitic lung diseases". European Respiratory Review 31, nr 166 (29.11.2022): 220093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0093-2022.
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Parasitic lung diseases are caused by a number of parasites as a result of transient passage in the lung or as a result of an immunologic reaction. The clinical presentation may be in the form of focal or cystic lesions, pleural effusion or diffuse pulmonary infiltrates. With increasing globalisation, it is important to consider parasitic infections in the differential diagnosis of lung diseases. This is particularly important since early identification and prompt therapy result in full cure of these conditions. In this review, we summarise the most common parasitic lung diseases.
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Amapu T. Y., Amapu T. Y., Latu M. Y. Latu M. Y., Dapiya H. S. Dapiya H. S., Pam K. V. Pam K. V., Job M. O. Job M. O., Dawen D. E. Dawen D. E., Brengshak S. B. Brengshak S. B. i in. "Occurrence of Gastrointestinal Parasitic Associated with Exotic Dogs in Commercial Breeding Mills in Jos Metropolis-Nigeria". Academic Journal of Life Sciences, nr 53 (15.03.2019): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ajls.53.15.22.
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In Nigeria, there has been an increasing trend towards establishing puppy mills for commercial breeding of exotic dogs. This study determined gastrointestinal parasites associated with exotic dogs of the existing puppy mills in Jos Metropolis Nigeria. A total of 150 dogs’ fresh feacal samples were collected from 25 different puppy mills and examined using formol ether and floatation concentration techniques. Data on risks factors variables of dogs’ age, number of dogs per kernel kennel type, nature of food and history of antiparasitic drugs usage were collected from the breeders using predesigned questionnaire. The result revealed an overall prevalence of 71.33% intestinal parasitic burden among the dogs. Chi square (χ2) analysis showed association (p< 0.05) between breeds of dogs and occurrence of parasites. The gastrointestinal parasites associated were most prevalent dogs in Neapolitan mastiff (86.36%) followed by Rottweiler (75.70%) and German Shepherd (57.14%) was the least infected Predominantly, a total of seven (7) species of intestinal parasites; Ancylostoma caninum (28.00%) Dipylidium caninum (23.33%), Toxocara canis (14.00%), Trichuris vulpis (11.33%), Taenia sp. (5.33%) Giardia sp. (7.33%) and Coccidia sp. (5.33%) were identified. Among different gastrointestinal parasitic infections, occurrence of Ancylostoma caninum (28.00%) was highest, followed by Dipylidium caninum (23.33%). Multiple parasitic infections among positive dogs sampled were observed, however, risk factors variables did not (p > 0.05) affect parasitic infection. Age based gastrointestinal parasitic infection peak (77.78%) was reported among 7 9 months old and decreased with ages of dogs The result showed no significant difference in prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites among age groups of the dogs (χ2 = 2.616, d.f. = 5, P = 0.624). This trend implies that puppies of younger age groups had higher prevalence and tendency for infection with gastrointestinal parasites than their older counterparts.This study provides baseline data on the spectrum of intestinal parasitic infection of exotic dogs in commercial puppy mills in Jos-Nigeria. Therefore, the phenomenon could represent an important health threat and needs to be regulated, so that breeders adhere to hygiene practices and veterinary guidelines. This will serve as an approach to reduce the tendency of increasing intestinal parasitic burden of local dogs as well as eliminate emergent zoonotic intestinal parasites in the dogs.
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SCHAUMBURG, F., D. HIPPE, P. VUTOVA i C. G. K. LÜDER. "Pro- and anti-apoptotic activities of protozoan parasites". Parasitology 132, S1 (marzec 2006): S69—S85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182006000874.
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During infection, programmed cell death, i.e. apoptosis, is an important effector mechanism of innate and adaptive host responses to parasites. In addition, it fulfils essential functions in regulating host immunity and tissue homeostasis. Not surprisingly, however, adaptation of parasitic protozoa to their hosts also involves modulation or even exploitation of cell death in order to facilitate parasite survival in a hostile environment. During recent years, considerable progress has been made in our understanding of apoptosis during parasitic infections and there is now convincing evidence that apoptosis and its modulation by protozoan parasites has a major impact on the parasite-host interaction and on the pathogenesis of disease. This review updates our current knowledge on the diverse functions apoptosis may fulfil during infections with diverse protozoan parasites including apicomplexans, kinetoplastids and amoebae. Furthermore, we also summarize common mechanistic themes of the pro- and anti-apoptotic activities of protozoan parasites. The diverse and complex effects which parasitic protozoa exert on apoptotic cell death within the host highlight fascinating interactions of parasites and their hosts. Importantly, they also stress the importance of further investigations before the modulation of host cell apoptosis can be exploited to combat parasitic infections.
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Shrestha, Sajan, i Mahendra Maharjan. "Parasitic burden in Red panda (Ailurus fulgens Cuvier, 1825) of Illam district Community forest, Nepal". Nepalese Journal of Zoology 3, nr 1 (25.11.2015): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njz.v3i1.30865.
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Parasitic diseases pose significant conservation threat in conservation of Red panda. In order to assess the parasitic burden in Red panda of Illam district, Nepal, 14 faecal samples were aseptically collected from community forest of Illam using line transect method following the GPS location. The samples were examined using standard concentration techniques. All the collected samples were found to be positive for both protozoan and helminth parasites. The recorded protozoan parasites includes Eimeria sp., Entamoeba sp., and Balantidium sp. with 64.28%, 57.14% and 14.28% proportion respectively. Similarly the proportion of seven helmithes parasites revealed Oxyuris (100%), Baylisascaris (57.14%), Trichostrongylus (50%), Strongyloides (50%), Trichuris (42.8%), Crenosoma (42.85%) and Hookworm (35.7%). The most of the samples (78.52%) revealed either multiple parasitic infection or triple infection (21.42%) with low to moderate intensity of infection. In conclusion, The parasitic burden in Red Pandas of Illam, community forest is very high hence urgently needs to address this threat in Red panda conservation action plan.
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Khubchandani, Indru T., i David S. Bub. "Parasitic Infections". Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery 32, nr 05 (wrzesień 2019): 364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1687832.
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AbstractParasitic infections of the gastrointestinal tract are a cause of morbidity to millions of individuals worldwide. These parasites are endemic in underdeveloped countries with poor sanitation allowing for spread through contaminated water supplies. While much is known about these parasites, the cutaneous manifestations caused by infection are infrequently reported in the literature. The deposition of the parasites into the perianal region often leads to significant skin irritation. Cutaneous findings vary from a mild pruritus ani to a macular rash to even severe perianal ulceration. This article discusses the perianal cutaneous findings caused by the parasitic illnesses, amebiasis, schistosomiasis, Enterobius vermicularis, strongyloidiasis, and cutaneous larva migrans, as well as their respective management.
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Ginger, Michael L. "Niche metabolism in parasitic protozoa". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 361, nr 1465 (28.11.2005): 101–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1756.
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Complete or partial genome sequences have recently become available for several medically and evolutionarily important parasitic protozoa. Through the application of bioinformatics complete metabolic repertoires for these parasites can be predicted. For experimentally intractable parasites insight provided by metabolic maps generated in silico has been startling. At its more extreme end, such bioinformatics reckoning facilitated the discovery in some parasites of mitochondria remodelled beyond previous recognition, and the identification of a non-photosynthetic chloroplast relic in malarial parasites. However, for experimentally tractable parasites, mapping of the general metabolic terrain is only a first step in understanding how the parasite modulates its streamlined, yet still often puzzlingly complex, metabolism in order to complete life cycles within host, vector, or environment. This review provides a comparative overview and discussion of metabolic strategies used by several different parasitic protozoa in order to subvert and survive host defences, and illustrates how genomic data contribute to the elucidation of parasite metabolism.
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Grosu, Maia, Liliana Groppa i Gheorghe Placinta. "Humoral immune status in patients with parasitic arthritis". Moldovan Journal of Health Sciences, nr 4 (grudzień 2023): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52645/mjhs.2023.4.03.
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Introduction. The description of clinical manifestations of parasitic infestation includes joint damage manifested by arthralgia and arthritis, however, until today; the form of joint damage in parasitic infections is not clinically defined. The multitude of parasites creates a heterogeneous joint involvement, and the intensifying of specific manifestations would be an important premise in clinical diagnosis. Objective. Assessment of immunological changes in the context of parasitosis and their ratio depending on the clinical variant of parasitic arthritis. Material and methods. A group of 161 patients with parasitic arthritis was selected, established in two stages of compliance according to specific and serological criteria. The average age was 47.0±2.1 years, 72 men / 89 women. The average duration of joint syndrome was 50.4±15.6 months. The first group (97 patients) had parasitic arthritis of echinococcosis infestation, the 2nd (31 patients) – parasitic arthritis of Toxocara cannis and the 3rd (33 patients) had parasitic arthritis of Giardia lamblia infestation. Results and discussion. IgA was increased above normal in all patients with parasitic arthritis (4.25±0.001; p < 0.001). IgM showed significant changes, depended on infestation agent (p < 0.05). Patients with normal IgG levels predominated, except for patients from the group with echinococcosis parasitic arthritis (p > 0.05). The amount of IgE exceeds normal values in Echinococcus parasitic arthritis (38.40 ng/ml), Toxocara canis (34.16 ng/ml), Giardia lamblia (45.06 ng/ml). Conclusions. This suggests that the key aspects of immunity against parasites are mainly determined by the size of the harmful organisms that the immune system needs to combat. Macroorganism includes unique defense mechanisms that can be effective against multicellular helminths: high production of IgA and IgE and activation of key effector cells – eosinophils.
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Subedi, Janak Raj, Krishna Prasad Gaire i Ravi Prasad Devkota. "Intestinal Helminthes Parasite among Public and Private School Children of Nepal". Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Science 8, nr 1 (27.09.2020): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v8i1.31551.
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Background and Objectives: Gastrointestinal infections impose a great and often silent burden of morbidity and mortality on poor populations in developing countries. School age children are one of the groups at high-risk for intestinal parasitic infections. The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence rate of intestinal helminthes parasites among private and public school children of Devdaha Municipality of Rupandehi district and to determine the association of prevalence with different risk factors.
Material and methods: The study was carried out during June to July 2019. A total of 150 (75 from public and 75 from private school) stool samples were collected in clean, dry and screw capped plastic vials and were studied for the presence of intestinal helminthes parasites using direct smear method.
Results: Overall parasitic prevalence rate was 18.66% (28/150). Prevalence rate was considerably higher in public school children (22.66%; 17/75) compared with private school (14.66%; 11/75) (P>0.05). The prevalence of helminthes parasitic infections was statistically independent with age and gender of the students (P>0.05). The current finding was maximum for single parasitic infection in both public (88.23%) and private (90.90%) school. Total four genera of parasites were identified. Among them, Ascaris lumbricoides was most common followed by Trichuris trichiura, Hookworms and Taenia sp.
Conclusion: Transmissions of infections were generally due to poor sanitary habits, use of contaminated drinking water and improper disposal management. This study suggests the need of health education program in schools along with regular screening of intestinal parasites and periodic administration of anti-parasitic drugs for the effective management of the intestinal parasitic infections among school children in Nepal.
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Morand, Serge, i Robert Poulin. "Nematode parasite species richness and the evolution of spleen size in birds". Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, nr 8 (1.08.2000): 1356–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z00-076.
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Some of the interspecific variation in spleen sizes among bird species can be explained by interspecific variation in the proportion of birds infected by parasitic nematodes. Because prevalences of parasitic infections vary considerably in space and time within a host species, other variables may provide better measures of the selective pressure exerted by parasites on their hosts. For instance, the number of parasite species (species richness) exploiting a host population or species provides a more reliable index of the pressure exerted by parasites across generations. Among bird species, relative spleen size correlated positively with the species richness of nematode parasites exploiting a host species. This relationship was found after correcting for avian body mass (g), avian phylogeny, and sampling effort. A possible trade-off between investment in resistance against parasites and investment in reproduction was highlighted by a negative relationship between relative spleen size and relative testis mass. Parasitic nematodes could influence the trade-off, increasingly favoring investment in resistance as their species richness increases. The results of this comparative analysis and of previous ones suggest a causative role for parasitic nematodes in the evolution of avian spleen size.
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HUNT, VICKY L., ISHENG J. TSAI, MURRAY E. SELKIRK i MARK VINEY. "The genome ofStrongyloidesspp. gives insights into protein families with a putative role in nematode parasitism". Parasitology 144, nr 3 (13.09.2016): 343–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182016001554.
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SUMMARYParasitic nematodes are important and abundant parasites adapted to live a parasitic lifestyle, with these adaptations all aimed at facilitating their survival and reproduction in their hosts. The recently sequenced genomes of fourStrongyloidesspecies, gastrointestinal parasites of humans and other animals, alongside transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of free-living and parasitic stages of their life cycles have revealed a number of protein families with a putative role in their parasitism. Many of these protein families have also been associated with parasitism in other parasitic nematode species, suggesting that these proteins may play a fundamental role in nematode parasitism more generally. Here, we review key protein families that have a putative role inStrongyloides’ parasitism – acetylcholinesterases, astacins, aspartic proteases, prolyl oligopeptidases, proteinase inhibitors (trypsin inhibitors and cystatins), SCP/TAPS and transthyretin-like proteins – and the evidence for their key, yet diverse, roles in the parasitic lifestyle.
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Holmes, P. H. "Pathophysiology of parasitic infections". Parasitology 94, S1 (styczeń 1987): S29—S51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000085814.
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SUMMARYParasites can have a wide range of pathophysiological effects on the host. This review describes those associated with some parasites of major importance in man and animals. Haemoprotozoan diseases such as trypanosomiasis and malaria are primarily associated with anaemia. Such anaemias have a complex aetiology involving various mechanisms responsible for red cell destruction as well as possible defects in red cell production. In addition to these haematological effects these diseases are associated with marked disturbances in heart function and the nervous, immune and urinary systems. The other major groups of parasitic diseases are those associated with the gastrointestinal tract. The most advanced studies have been conducted on the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal nematode parasites of sheep and have revealed significant effects on feed intake, gastrointestinal function, and protein and energy metabolism. Similar studies have yet to be conducted in other hosts and parasitic diseases. There is also a need to examine in greater detail the factors which can modulate pathophysiological responses by the host to parasitic infections.
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Cheepsattayakorn, Attapon, i Ruangrong Cheepsattayakorn. "Parasitic Pneumonia and Lung Involvement". BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/874021.
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Parasitic infestations demonstrated a decline in the past decade as a result of better hygiene practices and improved socioeconomic conditions. Nevertheless, global immigration, increased numbers of the immunocompromised people, international traveling, global warming, and rapid urbanization of the cities have increased the susceptibility of the world population to parasitic diseases. A number of new human parasites, such asPlasmodium knowlesi, in addition to many potential parasites, have urged the interest of scientific community. A broad spectrum of protozoal parasites frequently affects the respiratory system, particularly the lungs. The diagnosis of parasitic diseases of airway is challenging due to their wide varieties of clinical and roentgenographic presentations. So detailed interrogations of travel history to endemic areas are critical for clinicians or pulmonologists to manage this entity. The migrating adult worms can cause mechanical airway obstruction, while the larvae can cause airway inflammation. This paper provides a comprehensive review of both protozoal and helminthic infestations that affect the airway system, particularly the lungs, including clinical and roentgenographic presentations, diagnostic tests, and therapeutic approaches.
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PRAKASH, ANAND, VANDNA BHANOT, RAHUL YADAV i PANKAJ KUMAR. "Retrospective study on occurrence of bovine gastrointestinal parasitic infections in different regions of Haryana". Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 94, nr 4 (4.04.2024): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v94i4.135621.
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The production and reproduction of livestock is hampered by the presence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic infections. The effect of parasites ranges from anorexia, loss of body condition, anaemia, diarrhoea, protein losing enteropathy and loss of body condition apart from aforementioned direct and indirect effects on the animals leads to huge economic losses to livestock owners. In the present study, a total of 1669 faecal samples from cattle (n=550) and buffaloes (n=1119) with the history of diarrhoea or digestive disturbances were processed for presence of parasitic infections at different disease investigation laboratories (Ambala, Bhiwani, Mahendragarh and Rohtak) of Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana from July 2021 to June 2022. All the faecal samples were processed by floatation and sedimentation methods for detection of parasitic eggs and the results revealed that 29.6% cattle and 34.7% buffaloes were positive for GI parasites. Buxtonella sulcata (17.7%), Amphistomes (5.2%), and Strongyles (6.9%) were the major parasites observed in cattle and buffaloes. The occurrence of parasitic infection was significantly higher (P<0.05) in Rohtak followed by Bhiwani, Ambala and the least in Mahendragarh district of Haryana. However, no significant difference (P>0.05) between the cattle and buffaloes of geographical regions was observed. Further, analysis of month, season and age influences on prevalence of GI parasites were found to have no significant impact (P>0.05). Overall, this study helps to assess the parasitic load within the study region and helps to further devise control strategies against the parasites of bovines.
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Koger-Pease, Cal, Dilhan J. Perera i Momar Ndao. "Recent Advances in the Development of Adenovirus-Vectored Vaccines for Parasitic Infections". Pharmaceuticals 16, nr 3 (22.02.2023): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph16030334.
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Vaccines against parasites have lagged centuries behind those against viral and bacterial infections, despite the devastating morbidity and widespread effects of parasitic diseases across the globe. One of the greatest hurdles to parasite vaccine development has been the lack of vaccine strategies able to elicit the complex and multifaceted immune responses needed to abrogate parasitic persistence. Viral vectors, especially adenovirus (AdV) vectors, have emerged as a potential solution for complex disease targets, including HIV, tuberculosis, and parasitic diseases, to name a few. AdVs are highly immunogenic and are uniquely able to drive CD8+ T cell responses, which are known to be correlates of immunity in infections with most protozoan and some helminthic parasites. This review presents recent developments in AdV-vectored vaccines targeting five major human parasitic diseases: malaria, Chagas disease, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and toxoplasmosis. Many AdV-vectored vaccines have been developed for these diseases, utilizing a wide variety of vectors, antigens, and modes of delivery. AdV-vectored vaccines are a promising approach for the historically challenging target of human parasitic diseases.
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Tsuyuoka, Reiko, J. Wendy Bailey, Alzira M. d'Avila Nery Guimarães, Ricardo Q. Gurgel i Luis E. Cuevas. "Anemia and intestinal parasitic infections in primary school students in Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil". Cadernos de Saúde Pública 15, nr 2 (kwiecień 1999): 413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x1999000200026.
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Anemia is estimated to affect half the school-age children and adolescents in developing countries. The main causes are parasitic infections, malaria, and low iron intake. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of anemia, parasitic infections, and nutritional status of children attending public primary schools in Aracaju, Northeast Brazil. Of 360 students, 26.7% were anemic, and prevalence was higher in children under 8 and over 15 years of age. Overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 42%, with Ascaris lumbricoides (28.7%), Trichuris trichiura (15.6%), and hookworm (1.7%) most frequently found. There was an association between parasitic infections and poor sanitary conditions, but there was no association between anemia and presence of intestinal parasites. Height-for-age Z scores were lower than the NCHS standard, and prevalence of stunting was 5.4%. Although intestinal parasites were not associated with anemia, children with parasites had lower nutritional indices (weight- and height-for-age Z scores) than those without parasites.
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Balarak, Davoud, Mohammad Jafari Modrek, Edris Bazrafshan, Hossein Ansari i Ferdos Kord Mostafapour. "Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infection among Food Handlers in Northwest Iran". Journal of Parasitology Research 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8461965.
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Parasitic diseases are among the most important infectious diseases and pose health problems in many countries, most especially in developing countries. Workers at food centers could transmit parasitic infections in the absence of sanitation. This is a descriptive study conducted to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in food clerks in the city of Tabriz in 2014. Data was recorded in the offices of the health center for all food handlers who were referred to the laboratory for demographic and stool tests to receive the health card. Parasitic infection was observed in 172 cases (3.73%) of 4612 samples. A total of 156 positive samples (90.69%) were related to protozoa and 16 (9.3%) were related to helminthes. Most of the parasitic infections were related toGiardiaandEntamoeba coliand the lowest infection was related toH. nana. Also, there was a significant relationship between level of education and parasitic infection rate (P=0.0044). But there was no significant difference between the type of infection and amount of intestinal parasites. The results show that the prevalence of intestinal parasites, especially pathogenic protozoa, is common in some food handlers. Therefore, more sanitary controls are required and increasing of education will play a crucial role in improving the health of these people.
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Davydov, O., V. Lysenko i L. Kurovskaya. "Species Diversity of Carp, Cyprinus Carpio (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae), Parasites in Some Cultivation Regions". Vestnik Zoologii 45, nr 6 (1.01.2011): e-9-e-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10058-011-0032-3.
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Species Diversity of Carp, Cyprinus Carpio (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae), Parasites in Some Cultivation Regions Zoogeographical comparison for species diversity of carp parasites in different cultivation regions including aquatic ecosystems of Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Russia, and Vietnam was carried out. Totally, 160 parasitic species were recorded in carp within these regions. Parasitic species with direct and complex life cycles important in epizootic, veterinary, and health areas were registered.
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Sherchan, JB, H. Ohara, S. Sakurada, A. Basnet, S. Tandukar, JB Sherchand i DS Bam. "Enteric Opportunistic Parasitic Infections Among HIVSeropositive Patients in Kathmandu, Nepal". Kathmandu University Medical Journal 10, nr 2 (3.01.2013): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i2.7336.
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Background Enteric opportunistic parasitic infections are the major source of diarrheal disease in developing countries mainly in Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients. Objective The study was to detect enteric parasites causing diarrhea and their association with immune status in HIV-seropositive patients. Methods The present study was conducted in Dirgh-Jeevan Health Care Research Center and Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Public Health Research Laboratory, Kathmandu, Nepal between June 2010 and May 2011 involving 146 Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients. Serostatus from these patients were detected by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent assay. CD4+ T cell counts were done by flow cytometry. Stool was examined for enteric parasites by microscopy with special staining methods. Results A total of 146 HIV sero-positive patients with and without diarrhea age between 20 to 45 years were included in the study. Of the 146 patients, the protozoan parasitic infection was found in 30.13% (44/146). Out of 146 patients, 78 had diarrhea in which parasitic infection was 39 (50%) and 7.35% (5/68) protozoal parasites positive cases did not have diarrhea. A significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in the level of infection of intestinal protozoan between the HIV seropositive with diarrhea and HIV-seropositive without diarrhea. Out of 43 patients whose CD4+ T cells were <200/?l, 29 (67.4%) had opportunistic parasitic infection whereas out of 103 patients whose CD4+ T cells were ?200/?l, only 15 (14.56%) had opportunistic parasitic infection (P < 0.05). Conclusion Enteric opportunistic parasitic infections were detected in 30.1% among HIV-seropositive patients and low CD4+ T count indicated high enteric opportunistic infection. Early detection of enteric parasitic infections will help in the management and to improve the quality of life for HIV-infected individuals. Kathmandu University Medical Journal | Vol.10 | No. 2 | Issue 38 | Apr – June 2012 | Page 14-17 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i2.7336
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Pachman, Joseph, i Susan A. Belanger. "Parasitic infections and psychopathology: a preliminary hypothesis". Journal of Biosocial Science 26, nr 2 (kwiecień 1994): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000021210.
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SummaryThe relationship between chronic parasitic loads and psychopathology is examined. Research suggests that: (1) psychiatric disorders are more prevalent in less developed countries where parasitic loads are more endemic; (2) individual patients with parasitic loads are more likely to exhibit mental status changes; (3) there is an improvement in the mental status of a subset of psychiatric patients following treatment for parasites. Inasmuch as the prevalence of parasitic content is underestimated in both more developed and less developed countries, an awareness of this relationship should increase understanding of the needs of infected individuals, and be taken into consideration when evaluating psychiatric patients.
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Zandman-Goddard, G., i Y. Shoenfeld. "Parasitic infection and autoimmunity". Lupus 18, nr 13 (30.10.2009): 1144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203309345735.
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Systemic lupus erythematosus is the prototypic multi-system autoimmune disease characterized by the production of multiple autoantibodies. The development of disease depends on a genetic predisposition and exposure to environmental factors including UV light, drugs, and infections. The association of parasitic infection and the development of autoimmune disease in general and lupus in particular remains elusive. In this paper, we review the recent evidence for protection from autoimmunity by parasites, models of parasite-related autoimmunity, molecular mimicry, the impact of parasitic molecules on the immune response and the association between parasitic load and the degree of autoimmunity.
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Hernández-Rodríguez, C., P. Gómez-Garrido i S. Veintemillas. "Systematic errors in the high-accuracy universal polarimeter: application to determining temperature-dependent optical anisotropy of KDC and KDP crystals". Journal of Applied Crystallography 33, nr 3 (1.06.2000): 938–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889800003605.
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The problem of removing the characteristic parasitic errors of the high-accuracy universal polarimeter method in a linearly birefringent and optically active crystal section is examined. The use of constant parasitic errors typical of each particular polarimetric system is shown to be inappropriate. The parasitics should preferably be determined in each measurement process, since the instrumental parasitics depend not only on the optical and mechanical elements of the experimental system (polarizers, rotators, detection unitetc.), but on sample quality, alignment of the system, and even in many cases on exactly where the light beam passes through the sample. Thus, measurements with different samples give different values of parasitic errors. Such instrumental parasitics can be held within the same order of magnitude for different samples (∼10−4) if they are of good optical quality. However, the parasitics are increased by an order of magnitude (∼10−3) when the samples are of moderate or bad optical quality. Optical anisotropy properties as coefficients of thermal variation of the birefringence of KDC and KDP single crystals and the optical activity of KDP at 632.8 nm wavelength are obtained, in the ranges from room temperature to 353 K and to 373 K, respectively.
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Majmundar, Neil, Purvee D. Patel, Vincent Dodson, Ashley Tran, Ira Goldstein i Rachid Assina. "Parasitic infections of the spine: case series and review of the literature". Neurosurgical Focus 46, nr 1 (styczeń 2019): E12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.10.focus18472.
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OBJECTIVEAlthough parasitic infections are endemic to parts of the developing world and are more common in areas with developing economies and poor sanitary conditions, rare cases may occur in developed regions of the world.METHODSArticles eligible for the authors’ literature review were initially searched using PubMed with the phrases “parasitic infections” and “spine.” After the authors developed a list of parasites associated with spinal cord infections from the initial search, they expanded it to include individual diagnoses, using search terms including “neurocysticercosis,” “schistosomiasis,” “echinococcosis,” and “toxoplasmosis.”RESULTSTwo recent cases of parasitic spinal infections from the authors’ institution are included.CONCLUSIONSKey findings on imaging modalities, laboratory studies suggestive of parasitic infection, and most importantly a thorough patient history are required to correctly diagnose parasitic spinal infections.
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Mir, Rumana Farooq, Bushra Yousuf Peerzada, Lubna Samad i Aliya Shah. "Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in a tertiary care hospital in Kashmir India-five year retrospective study". IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases 8, nr 1 (15.02.2022): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.015.
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Intestinal parasitic infections represent a grave public health problem especially in developing nations like India, leading to malnutrition, growth retardation, anaemia’s and vitamin deficiencies in early childhood. As such the burden of these intestinal parasitic infections in the society needs to be focussed at the right time which will in turn lead to enhanced health and improved economic conditions of the country. To find out the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in a tertiary care hospital in Kashmir. A retrospective study was carried out in the Parasitology division in the department of Microbiology of Government Medical College, Srinagar for a period of five years. Routine stool examination was studied to detect the parasitic infections among the patients attending various outpatient departments of our hospital. A total of 2159 stool samples were examined in five years out of which 165 (7.6%) revealed the presence of parasites. The most common parasite identified was (71.9%) followed by Giardia lamblia (16.4%).Intestinal infection due to was the most common parasite identified in our study. The prevalence of these infections can still be higher as these parasites are excreted intermittently in stool samples. As such taking repeat samples from same patients suffering from intestinal parasitic infection is important followed by concentration methods, which together will help and enhance better retrieval of intestinal parasites reflecting the total burden of these infections in our community.
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Vezir, Sedat, Filiz Kaya, Emine Vezir, Nermin Karaosmanoğlu i Ali Kudret Adiloğlu. "Evaluation of intestinal parasites in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria in a territory hospital in Turkey". Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 13, nr 10 (31.10.2019): 927–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.11552.
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Introduction: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) which develops without a known stimulation is defined as the occurrence of spontaneous wheals, angioedema or both for longer than six weeks. Infections, autoimmunity, food intolerance and internal parasitic infections are supposed to be underlying causes of CSU. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intestinal parasites in children and adult patients diagnosed as CSU, to determine the frequency of parasites in chronic urticaria, and to compare these patients with healthy demographic control groups.
Methodology: Seventy six children and 38 adult patients with CSU were examined in terms of parasitic infections. The patients whom parasites were detected received anti-parasitic therapy and the improvements in CSU symptoms were evaluated. Stool samples were examined with direct microscopic examination (native-lugol), stool concentration and trichrome staining methods.
Results: In pediatric patient group, 18.4% (n = 14) of the stool samples were positive for Blastocystis sp., 2.6% (n = 2), Dientamoeba fragilis and 1.3% (n = 1), Giardia duodenalis. In adult patient group, Blastocystis sp. was detected in 18.4% (n = 7) of the stool samples. Anti-parasitic therapy yielded substantial improvement in urticaria symptoms in 57.1% of pediatric and 60.0% of adult patients.
Conclusions: Blastocystis sp. and D. fragilis may play a role in chronic urticaria which seriously disrupts the patient's quality of life. Parasitic infections should not be neglected in patients with cutaneous manifestations.
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FONG, CAITLIN R., NANCY A. MORON i ARMAND M. KURIS. "Two's a crowd? Crowding effect in a parasitic castrator drives differences in reproductive resource allocation in singlevsdouble infections". Parasitology 144, nr 5 (8.12.2016): 662–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118201600233x.
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SUMMARYThe ‘crowding effect’ is a result of competition by parasites within a host for finite resources. Typically, the severity of this effect increases with increasing numbers of parasites within a host and manifests in reduced body size and thus fitness. Evidence for the crowding effect is mixed – while some have found negative effects, others have found a positive effect of increased parasite load on parasite fitness. Parasites are consumers with diverse trophic strategies reflected in their life history traits. These distinctions are useful to predict the effects of crowding. We studied a parasitic castrator, a parasite that usurps host reproductive energy and renders the host sterile. Parasitic castrators typically occur as single infections within hosts. With multiple parasitic castrators, we expect strong competition and evidence of crowding. We directly assess the effect of crowding on reproductive success in a barnacle population infected by a unique parasitic castrator,Hemioniscus balani,an isopod parasite that infects and blocks reproduction of barnacles. We find (1) strong evidence of crowding in double infections, (2) increased frequency of double infections in larger barnacle hosts with more resources and (3) perfect compensation in egg production, supporting strong space limitation. Our results document that the effects of crowding are particularly severe for this parasitic castrator, and may be applicable to other castrators that are also resource or space limited.
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Barzegar, Maryam, Mehdi Raissy i Shokoofeh Shamsi. "Protozoan Parasites of Iranian Freshwater Fishes: Review, Composition, Classification, and Modeling Distribution". Pathogens 12, nr 5 (27.04.2023): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12050651.
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This article investigates the occurrence and distribution of parasitic protozoa of Iranian freshwater fishes (both farmed and wild). Our search shows 26 known parasitic protozoan species were recorded from 52 freshwater fish species across different ecoregions of Iran. Most of these fish are edible. While none of the identified protozoan parasites are of zoonotic importance, our study does not exclude presence of zoonotic species in Iranian fishes. Present data suggest the northern and western regions of the country are the main macrohabitat of protozoa (35 parasitic records reported), with the greatest concentration of parasitic protozoa occurring in the Urmia basin in Iran’s northwest. The clustered distribution pattern of protozoa among freshwater fish was also more evident in the northern and western parts of the country. The gills and skin were the most infected microhabitats for parasitic protozoa. The highest number of parasites was observed in the fish family Cyprinidae with nine species found in the native fish, Capoeta capoeta. The most diverse host range was observed in the holotrich ciliate, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis isolated from 46 cyprinid species in 39 different locations. However, due to the great richness of fish and extreme habitat diversity, parts of the parasite fauna of Iranian freshwater fish are still poorly understood. Furthermore, current and future changes in climate and environmental parameters, and anthropogenic interventions are likely to affect fish hosts and their parasites.
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Luong, Lien T., i Kimberley J. Mathot. "Facultative parasites as evolutionary stepping-stones towards parasitic lifestyles". Biology Letters 15, nr 4 (kwiecień 2019): 20190058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0058.
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Parasites and parasitic lifestyles have evolved from free-living organisms multiple times. How such a key evolutionary transition occurred remains puzzling. Facultative parasites represent potential transitional states between free-living and fully parasitic lifestyles because they can be either free-living or parasitic depending on environmental conditions. We suggest that facultative parasites with phenotypically plastic life-history strategies may serve as evolutionary stepping-stones towards obligate parasitism. Pre-adaptations provide a starting point for the transition towards opportunistic or facultative parasitism, but what evolutionary mechanism underlies the transition from facultative to obligate parasitism? In this Opinion Piece, we outline how facultative parasites could evolve towards obligate parasites via genetic assimilation, either alone or in combination with the Baldwin effect. We further describe the key predictions stemming from each of these evolutionary pathways. The importance of genetic assimilation in evolution has been hotly debated. Studies on facultative parasites may not only provide key insights regarding the evolution of parasitism, but also provide ideal systems in which to test evolutionary theory on genetic accommodation.
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Melhum, Amera I., i Susan A. Mahmood. "Parasitic Computer Viruses". Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A 4, nr 1 (5.09.2000): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10064.
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Bajwa, Hammad Ur Rehman, Muhammad Kasib Khan, Zaheer Abbas, Roshan Riaz, Tauseef ur Rehman, Rao Zahid Abbas, Muhammad Tahir Aleem i in. "Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Their Role as Potential Drug Candidates for the Treatment of Parasitic Diseases". Life 12, nr 5 (18.05.2022): 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12050750.
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Protozoa, helminths and ectoparasites are the major groups of parasites distributed worldwide. Currently, these parasites are treated with chemotherapeutic antiprotozoal drugs, anti-helminthic and anti-ectoparasitic agents, but, with the passage of time, resistance to these drugs has developed due to overuse. In this scenario, nanoparticles are proving to be a major breakthrough in the treatment and control of parasitic diseases. In the last decade, there has been enormous development in the field of nanomedicine for parasitic control. Gold and silver nanoparticles have shown promising results in the treatments of various types of parasitic infections. These nanoparticles are synthesized through the use of various conventional and molecular technologies and have shown great efficacy. They work in different ways, that include damaging the parasite membrane, DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) disruption, protein synthesis inhibition and free-radical formation. These agents are effective against intracellular parasites as well. Other nanoparticles, such as iron, nickel, zinc and platinum, have also shown good results in the treatment and control of parasitic infections. It is hoped that this research subject will become the future of modern drug development. This review summarizes the methods that are used to synthesize nanoparticles and their possible mechanisms of action against parasites.
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Tong, Haixia, Yanjing Wang, Sicong Tian, Cunzhu Tong, Zhipeng Wei i Lijun Wang. "Parasitic Parameters Extraction of High-Speed Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers". Applied Sciences 12, nr 12 (14.06.2022): 6035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12126035.
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Parasitic parameters, including electrical capacity and inductance, are the key limiting factors for bandwidth improvement of high-speed vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). The traditional parasitic extraction method, which uses a first-order low-pass filter transfer function, is oversimplified, and there are large deviations between the obtained data and the actual measured data. In this paper, we proposed a modified parasitic extraction method that described the extrinsic behaviour of the high-speed oxide-confined VCSELs well and easily extracted the values of all parasitic parameters. This method can also precisely fit microwave reflection coefficient S11 data even at high frequencies and provide design guidance for high-speed VCSELs. Using this method, a high-speed 850 nm VCSEL featuring a six-layer oxide aperture with −3 dB bandwidth up to 23.3 GHz was analysed. The electrical parasitics have been systematically extracted from VCSELs with different oxide apertures. The enhanced bandwidth based on the improvement of parasitic parameters was discussed. It was found that the critical parasitic factors that affect the −3 dB bandwidth of VCSELs are pad capacitance and inductance.
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Verma, Nidhi, Bhavna Sharma, Chhaviraj Singh i S. P. Sharma. "Parasite helminthes, class cestode, diagnosed by hooklets on FNAC". International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, nr 7 (25.06.2018): 2540. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20182853.
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Parasitic infestation is a common cause of morbidity in several parts of the world. Helminthes constitute a significant number of parasitic diseases, out of which large number of cases are due to cestodes. Cestodes can affect various organs, including skin, subcutaneous tissue, liver, brain, spinal cord, orbit, muscle, gastrointestinal tract and heart. Parasites are routinely diagnosed by histopathology, serology, radiology and stool examination however FNAC can also serve as low cost out-patient procedure for diagnosis of certain parasites especially in cases of sub cutaneous nodules. Subcutaneous nodule is a relatively uncommon presentation and is often misdiagnosed clinically. This study includes case series of five cases of subcutaneous parasitic infestation by cestodes that were diagnosed by FNAC.
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Salehi Kahyesh, Roya, Arash Alghasi, Shekoufe Haddadi i Asaad Sharhani. "Intestinal Parasites Infection in Children with Cancer in Ahvaz, Southwest Iran". Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases 2020 (24.12.2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8839740.
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Background. Infection with intestinal parasites is widespread worldwide, especially in developing countries. Intestinal parasites are known as one of the leading causes of diarrhea in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised subjects, but cancer patients are highly susceptible to contamination, and it can be deadly for them. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of intestinal parasites in immunocompromised patients in Ahvaz. Material and Methods. In this descriptive cross-sectional pilot case-control study, fecal samples were collected from 52 children with malignancies hospitalized in Baqaei2 hospital in Ahvaz. A questionnaire including demographic information, type of cancer, type of gastrointestinal symptoms, and laboratory diagnosis was completed for each patient. The collected specimens were examined by direct smear, Logul staining, and concentration. Result. The 52 stool samples were collected, 46% were female and 54% male. The age range of children enrolled in the study was from 4 months to 16 years. Of these stool samples, 38.38% were infected with a variety of parasitic intestinal infections (helminths and protozoa). In this study, protozoan parasites, Blastocystis (23%), Chilomastix mesnili (1.92%), Endolimax nana (7.7%), and Entamoeba coli (1.92%), and helminth infection, Strongyloides stercoralis (3.84%), were observed and statistical analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between gastrointestinal symptoms and parasitic infection in children with cancer. Conclusion. Blastocystis and Endolimax nana are the most prevalent gastrointestinal parasitic protozoans that infect individuals admitted to Baqaei2 Hospital of Ahvaz, Iran. Since parasitic intestinal infections in immunocompromised patients lead to fatal diarrhea, children with parasitic infections must be carefully identified and treated.