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1
a, Busoni, Moch Jonny Putra, Salim Ashar Hanafi, Riza Ummami, Bambang Piluharto i Achmad Sjaifullah. "DOPANT, IMMERSION TIME EFFECT, AND HYDROLYSIS ONTO POLYANILINE/BACTERIAL- COMPOSITES: CONDUCTIVITY STUDIES". International Journal of Advanced Research 10, nr 09 (30.09.2022): 853–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15431.
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The composite of conductive polyaniline was synthesized using the in situ chemical polymerization methods on cellulose to form PANI-cellulose composites. Polyaniline can be composited with a cellulose matrix (nata de coco) due to its abundance, low price, and environmental friendliness. Ammoniumperoxodisulfate (APS) was used as an initiator forthe oxidative polymerization of aniline. Characterization of PANI-Cellulose Bacterial composite was drawn using FT-IR and SEM, while the conductivity and electric quantities both using LCR-meter, FT-IR spectra, and SEM The PANI-cellulose bacterial composite with the various concentration dopant of H2SO4 methods has the highest conductivity than PANI-cellulose bacterial composite with the dopant of HCl methods.
2
Zengin, Huseyin, Erdal Bayir i Gulay Zengin. "Solution properties of polyaniline/carbon particle composites". Journal of Polymer Engineering 36, nr 3 (1.04.2016): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2015-0091.
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Abstract This study reports on the synthesis of polymer polyaniline, a conductive polymer by nature, and the preparation of polyaniline/carbon particle (PANI/CP) composites by in situ polymerization. The solution properties and conductivities in solution of synthesized PANI and PANI/CP materials were analyzed. The viscosity of PANI and PANI/CP composite materials in N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP) solvent at different temperatures was measured to examine their behavior in solution. Initially, the viscosity-molecular weight of PANI polymer was measured and calculated to be 78,521. The viscosities of PANI and PANI/CP composite materials decreased as the temperature increased. However, the viscosities of PANI/CP composite materials increased as the percent CP content in the composites increased. The ionic conductivities and pH changes in NMP solvent, measured at different concentrations of PANI and PANI/CP composite materials, and prepared in different ratios, were measured to investigate their behavior in solution. The ionic conductivities of PANI/CP composite materials increased as the percent CP content in the composites increased. Changes in the pH of PANI/CP composite materials decreased as the percent CP content in the composites increased. The conductivity of PANI/10% CP composite material in solution was greater than that of neat PANI polymer in solution; this indicated that CPs in PANI/10% CP composite materials made important positive contributions to the conductivities.
3
Sun, Jun, Xi Yao Teng i Hong Bi. "Preparation of r-GO/Carbon Sphere/PANI Composites with a High Supercapacity". Key Engineering Materials 519 (lipiec 2012): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.519.201.
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In this paper, a combination of in-situ polymerization and ultrasonication dispersion method has been successfully utilized to prepare r-GO/carbon sphere/PANI trinary composite. The structural characterizations show that the carbon sphere/PANI composites are wrapped by r-GO sheets in the as-obtained composites. Due to the reinforcing effect coming from r-GO, the efficient charge and ions transport, conductivity, and electrochemical performance of carbon sphere/PANI composite are significantly improved after combining with the r-GO. The r-GO/carbon sphere/PANI composite exhibits the largest specific capacitance of 420 F g-1, about 75% higher than that of carbon sphere/PANI binary composite (240 F g-1). Therefore, such r-GO/carbon sphere/PANI composite can be a potential candidate for high-performance capacitors.
4
Seo, Jin Ho, Cheol Soon Choi, Jin Ho Bae, Hanseob Jeong, Seung-Hwan Lee i Yong Sik Kim. "Preparation of a lignin/polyaniline composite and its application in Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solutions". BioResources 14, nr 4 (4.10.2019): 9169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.4.9169-9182.
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Lignin/polyaniline composites were prepared by adding kraft lignin for the synthesis of polyaniline (PANI), a typical conductive polymer. The composites were utilized as an adsorbent for the removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). When lignin alone was used as an adsorbent, the removal efficiency of Cr was low. However, when the lignin/PANI composite was used, lignin and PANI adsorbed Cr(III) together. The PANI reduced Cr(VI), which resulted in the efficient removal of Cr. In addition, as the dosage of the lignin/PANI composite decreased as an adsorbent, the Cr removal efficiency of the composite decreased considerably compared with pure PANI. However, the composite with a lignin-to-PANI ratio of 1:1 showed a Cr removal efficiency similar to that of pure PANI. The morphology of the lignin/PANI composite was observed to synthesize PANI around the lignin surface. Both Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses showed that an interaction between the carbonyl groups of lignin and the amine groups of PANI occurred. This study is expected to provide an opportunity to increase the utilization of lignin in the field of environmental science and provide several benefits.
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Pal, Rishi, Sneh Lata Goyal i Anil Kumar Gupta. "Polyaniline/oxide-based core-shell like structured composites for reduction in electromagnetic pollution". International Journal of Innovative Research in Physics 2, nr 4 (5.07.2021): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15864/ijiip.2403.
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Polyaniline (PANI) based composites with manganese dioxide (MnO2, 30 wt.%) and vanadium pentaoxide (V2O5, 30 wt.%) have been synthesized using the in-situ polymerization synthesis route, whereas both the oxides used as filler materials in the polyaniline matrix. The amalgamated composites have been analyzed for morphological investigation and shielding the incident electromagnetic (EM) waves in the frequency range 8.2-12.4 GHz (X-band). PANI/MnO2 and PANI/V2O5 composites are synthesized in core-shell like morphology, whereas PANI act as core while oxide act as the shell. The shielding of EM waves has been investigated in terms of shielding effectiveness (SE). PANI/MnO2 composite exhibits the efficient SE value i.e. ~50 dB as shown in the figure. This higher value of SE is due to the ferromagnetic character of MnO2 particles which increases the dielectric losses in the specimen. Whereas, PANI/V2O5 composite attain the smaller value of SE i.e. ~9 dB, because V2O5 particles are diamagnetic in nature, thus dielectric losses decrease. Moreover, SE decreases with an increase in frequency due to a decrease in dielectric losses. PANI/MnO2 composite has an SE value greater than the minimum requirement for industrial application i.e. 30 dB, thus, PANI/MnO2 composite can be used as EM shielding material, whereas, PANI/V2O5 composite can’t fulfill this requirement.
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Meng, Na, Xiangqin Wang, Binjie Xin, Zhuoming Chen i Yan Liu. "Preparation, structure and electrochromic behavior of PANI/PVA composite electrospun nanofiber". Textile Research Journal 89, nr 12 (4.09.2018): 2490–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518797345.
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In this study, the preparation of polyaniline/polyvinyl alcohol (PANI/PVA) emulsion and the fabrication of PANI/PVA nanocomposite and electrochromic device are presented systematically. The surface morphologies, chemical structural and mechanical properties of the PANI/PVA nanofibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and instrumental equipment. Four PANI/PVA composites with different PANI concentrations (i.e. 0 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0.4 wt%, 0.6 wt%) were prepared to investigate the effects of PANI content on the electrochemical properties of the composites. Electrochromic properties of these PANI/PVA electrospun composite nanofibers are systematically characterized by an electrochemical workstation. Cyclic voltammetry was conducted to measure the electrochemical behavior of the PANI/PVA electrospun composite nanofibers at scanning speeds of 5 mV/s, 20 mV/s, 50 mV/s and 100 mV/s; it could be found that the redox peaks almost disappear. The discoloration of PANI/PVA composite electrospun nanofiber presents the color changing among the three mainstream colors of green, yellow, and blue.
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Wang, Xiang-Qin, Bin-Jie Xin i Jian Xu. "Preparation of Conductive PANI/PVA Composites via an Emulsion Route". International Journal of Polymer Science 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/903806.
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A facile and novel strategy for preparing polyaniline/polyvinyl alcohol (PANI/PVA) composite emulsion is reported wherein the reaction is carried out via the emulsion polymerization using ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS) as the oxidizing agent and dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) as the protonic acid. The PANI/PVA composite membranes have been characterized using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and electrochemical workstation. It is interesting that the electrical conductivity of the PANI/PVA composites is estimated to be as high as 1.28 S/cm. The experimental results show that the surface of PANI/PVA composite membranes exhibits good integrity. The PANI particles at the nanoscale are dispersed in the PVA matrix, and the electrochromic behaviors of PANI/PVA composites obtained at different polymerization temperatures can be compared based on cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves, revealing that PANI/PVA composites synthesized at room temperature are better than those synthesized at low temperature.
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Wahyuni, Sri, Eko Sri Kunarti, Respati Tri Swasono i Indriana Kartini. "Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2(rod)-SiO2-Polyaniline Nanocomposite". Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 18, nr 2 (30.05.2018): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.22550.
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A study of TiO2(rod)-SiO2 composites coated with polyaniline (PANI) has been performed. PANI was synthesized through in-situ polymerization of aniline at various concentration (0.0137, 0.0274, and 0.0411 M) on the composite under acidic condition. PANI was confirmed by the appearance of C=N, C=C vibrations and the redshift of the band-gap from 3.14 eV for the TiO2(rod)-SiO2 into 3.0 eV for the TSP01 composite. It is also shown that the polymerization does not change the crystal structure of TiO2(rod)-SiO2 as confirmed by the XRD pattern. The TEM image shows a mixed structure of SiO2 coated by TiO2(rod)-PANI layers and the oxides coated by PANI layers. Therefore, the surface area of the resulted TiO2(rod) and the composites did not change significantly. The T TiO2(rod)-SiO2-PANI composite give small improvement under visible irradiation from 20.25 to 25.59% (around 5% from the bulk of TiO2(rod)) and from 25.03 to 25.59% (around 2% from TiO2(rod)-SiO2 composite). The mixed structure of the composites, as well as the formation of excessive layers of PANI, are possibly the case for the low photoactivity. Further improvement to obtain a core-shell structure with a thin layer of PANI is still sought.
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Tiptipakorn, Sunan, Piriyathorn Suwanmala, Kasinee Hemvichian i Yingpit Pornputtanakul. "Effects of Electron Beam on Irradiated Polyimide/Polyaniline Composites". Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (lipiec 2012): 861–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.861.
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In this study, the composites prepared from polyimide (PI) and polyaniline (PANI) were radiated with electron beam (EB) at the radiation doses of 0, 50, 150, 200, and 300 kGy. The electrical conductivity and thermal properties of the radiated composites were determined and compared with those of the composites doped with 6M HCl. The results revealed that the electrical conductivity was enhanced from 3.42 x 10-16 S/cm (untreated polyimide without polyaniline) to 6.97 x 10-5 S/cm when the PI/PANI composite was doped with HCl at 10 phr of PANI; furthermore, the conductivity was increased to 2.16 x 10-4 S/cm for the composite at 10 phr of PANI with radiation dose of 200 kGy. In addition, it was found that the glass transition temperature of the composite was increased with the increase of PANI content for either EB radiation method or protonic acid doping method. It could be noted that the electrical conductivity values of the radiated composites were higher than those of composites doped with HCl at the same PANI content.
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Yuningsih, Lela Mukmilah, i Yusri Mutia Fauziyah. "Sintesis Komposit Polianilin-Karbon Aktif dari Tongkol Jagung sebagai Elektrolit Padat Pada Baterai". Jurnal Kimia VALENSI 4, nr 2 (30.11.2018): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v4i2.7390.
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The polyaniline-activated carbon composites are synthesized using aniline chemical oxidation polymerization methods as well as variations in carbonization temperature of 800 °C and 1000 °C. The polyaniline-activated carbon composites are characterized by their value of conductivity, functional groups, crystallinity, morphology, composition and electrical quantities by LCR-meter analysis, FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX and digital multimeters. The conductivity value of composite polyanilin-activated carbon with carbonization temperature of 800°C and 1000 °C are 0.718 S/cm and 1.1003 S/cm. Polyaniline-activated carbon 800 composite and Polyaniline-activated carbon 1000 composite showed absorption bands acoording to PANI. The wave number that appear on PANI-activated carbon 800 composite and PANI-activated carbon 1000 peak is characteristic of PANI where the wave number 1562 cm-1, 1558 cm-1 is the vibration of the C = N and 1479 cm-1, 1475 cm-1is the vibration of the C = C with slacking off the degree of crystallinity PANI-activated carbon 800 i.e. 23.31% and PANI-activated Carbon 1000 i.e. 37.68%. Analysis of surface morphology and composite element content using SEM-EDX shows that particles of polianilin grows on active carbon fiber and free from impurity. The resulting voltage and current both PANI-Carbon 800 and PANI-carbon 1000 are 1.09 volt 19.74 mA and 1.15 Volts 19.98 mA.
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Deng, Shu-hao, Yu Wang i Xi Yang. "The study of electrochemical synthesis, properties and composite mechanism of PANI/PVA and PANI/PVA/Ag composite films". Pigment & Resin Technology 47, nr 2 (5.03.2018): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-11-2016-0101.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to improve the conductivity and processability of polyaniline (PANI). Design/methodology/approach The study opted for synthesis of the conductive PANI/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite film, co-doped with 5-sulphosalicylic acid and sulphuric acid. Using an electrochemical method, a small amount of silver (Ag) was electrodeposited on the film. The PVA/PANI and PVA/PANI/Ag composite films were characterised by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and infrared. The composite deposition mechanism of the composite film was investigated by cyclic voltammetry for the first time. Findings The conductivity of the optimum PVA/PANI composite film reached 21.2 S · cm−1.Then, a small amount of Ag was deposited on the PVA/PANI film, and the conductivity significantly increased by 1250 S · cm−1. Through appropriate degree of stretching, the conductivity of the films was enhanced. The results indicate that uniform PVA/PANI fibres and dendritic Ag can combine to form complete three-dimensional conductive networks that exhibit better conductivity and mechanical properties. The cyclic voltammetry curves reveal that the dedoping potential of PANI was more negative than the reduction potential of Ag. Therefore, the procedure for the deposition of Ag on the PANI/PVA composite film cannot decrease the conductivity. Practical implications This paper for the first time described and revealed the effective and practical synthesis approach and composite mechanism to prepare multi-types metal-conductive polymer composites and improve the conductivity of a conductive polymer with a less expense and one-step electrochemical method. Originality/value This paper first explored galvanostatic oxidation to synthesise a PANI composite film to resolve the processability and conductivity of PANI by co-doped with mixed acids and deposited Ag on film. Furthermore, for the first time, the composite mechanism of metal and conductive polymer was studied.
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Usman, Fahad, John Ojur Dennis, Khe Cheng Seong, Abdelaziz Yousif Ahmed, Thomas L. Ferrell, Yap Wing Fen, Amir Reza Sadrolhosseini, Olumide Bolarinwa Ayodele, Fabrice Meriaudeau i Aminu Saidu. "Enhanced Sensitivity of Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor Functionalized with Doped Polyaniline Composites for the Detection of Low-Concentration Acetone Vapour". Journal of Sensors 2019 (20.11.2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5786105.
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PANI/chitosan composite and a ternary composite comprising of PANI, chitosan, and reduced graphene oxide have been successfully synthesised and characterised using FTIR and UV-VIS spectroscopy. Optical constants of the composites were extracted from the UV-VIS spectra. The extracted parameters were applied in the simulation of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor functionalised with PANI/chitosan and ternary composites. The aim was to explore the applicability of the composite-based SPR sensor in the detection of low-concentration acetone vapour within the range of 1.8 ppm–5.0 ppm for diabetes monitoring and screening. The functionalization of the SPR sensor with the PANI/chitosan and the ternary composites shows promising application of the sensor in the detection of acetone vapour at a low concentration down to less than 0.5 ppm. The maximum sensitivity values of about 60 and 180 degree/refractive index change were observed for PANI/chitosan and ternary composite sensing layers, respectively, in comparison with the bare gold-based SPR which shows no response up to 10 ppm concentration of acetone vapour in air. In addition, the two sensing layers show good selectivity to acetone vapour compared to ethanol, methanol, and ammonia. The response in the case of ternary composite shows better linearity with a correlation coefficient of 1.0 compared to PANI/chitosan- and gold-based SPR layers with 0.9999 and 0.9997, respectively.
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Qiu, Sui Yu, Zhi Wei Yang i Hong Qiu. "Theoretical Analysis on Resistance-Temperature Characteristic of Ni/HCl-PANI Composites". Advanced Materials Research 852 (styczeń 2014): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.852.142.
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Ni/HCl-PANI composites were formed by depositing Ni films on HCl-doped polyaniline (HCl-PANI) substrates. A simple parallel resistor model is used to analyze the resistance-temperature (R-T) characteristic of the composite within 30-300 K. The theoretical analysis reveals that the composite exhibits a metal-semiconductor transition within a certain thickness of the Ni film or the HCl-PANI substrate. The composite shows a semiconducting behavior at temperatures over the transition temperature and a metallic conduction behavior at temperatures below the transition temperature. The transition temperature increases with increasing Ni film thickness whereas it decreases with increasing HCl-PANI substrate thickness. When the Ni film thickness exceeds its upper limit or the HCl-PANI substrate thickness is below its lower limit, the composite only shows the metallic R-T characteristic. When the HCl-PANI substrate thickness exceeds its upper limit, the composite only exhibits the semicoducting R-T characteristic.
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Kumar, Vipin, Sukanta Das i Tomohiro Yokozeki. "Frequency independent AC electrical conductivity and dielectric properties of polyaniline-based conductive thermosetting composite". Journal of Polymer Engineering 38, nr 10 (27.11.2018): 955–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2018-0031.
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Abstract Electrical impedance characteristics of polyaniline (PANI)-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA)/divinylbenzene (DVB) composite were evaluated as a function of PANI content in the frequency range of 102–108 Hz. Polymer composites were prepared by a one-step thermal process where doping of the PANI and curing of the polymer matrix DVB have occurred simultaneously in the presence of a strong protonic acid, i.e. DBSA. The alternating current (AC) conductivity value with respect to frequency of the PANI-DBSA/DVB composite shows a direct current (DC) plateau up to an extensive frequency range. Almost metal-like behavior is obtained with such highly conductive plastic material. In all frequency regions, composites with higher PANI concentration showed a frequency independent behavior, while in the case of neat composites without PANI, a frequency dependent behavior is observed. A plot of the real part of complex impedance vs. frequency and a plot of AC conductivity of the composites indicate that the high electrical conductivity in high PANI concentration composites is because of the direct contacts between filler PANI particles. In this work, AC conductivity behavior and dielectric properties of very highly conductive thermoset composites are presented, and it is shown that conductivity is frequency independent for a very high frequency range (up to 108 Hz).
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Maulida, Lulu Nur, i Nugrahani Primary Putri. "KARAKTERISTIK KOMPOSIT PANi/ZnO SEBAGAI BAHAN DASAR SENSOR GAS". Inovasi Fisika Indonesia 11, nr 2 (6.06.2022): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/ifi.v11n2.p38-43.
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Abstrak
PANi merupakan salah satu polimer konduktif yang dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan dasar sensor gas. Pada pengaplikasiannya sebagai bahan dasar sensor gas, PANi memiliki kelemahan terkait tingkat sensitivitasnya sehingga perlu dikompositkan dengan bahan oksida logam. Salah satu oksida logam yang dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi gas adalah ZnO. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan komposit PANi/ZnO menggunakan metode polimerisasi in-situ sebagai bahan dasar sensor gas yang selanjutnya dikarakterisasi menggunakan Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), dan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan komposit PANi/ZnO berhasil disintesis menggunakan metode polimerisasi in-situ ditandai dengan adanya puncak serapan jenis ikatan milik ZnO pada 674 cm-1 yang menandakan keberadaan ZnO pada komposit PANi/ZnO, selanjutnya intensitas komposit menjadi lebih tinggi dibanding PANi pada 2θ = 25.7˚ yang menunjukkan adanya interaksi ZnO dan PANi dengan pembentukan ikatan hidrogen antara H-N dan oksigen dari ZnO. Komposit PANi/ZnO memiliki ukuran partikel 226 nm dengan bentuk ovoidal-shaped dan struktur berpori yang menandakan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan dasar sensor gas.
Kata Kunci: komposit, oksida logam, polimer konduktif, sensor gas
Abstract
PANi is a conductive polymer that can be used as the base material for gas sensors. In its application as a gas sensor base material, PANi has a weakness related to its sensitivity level, so it needs to be composited with metal oxide materials. One of the metal oxides that can be used to detect gas is ZnO. In this study, PANi/ZnO composites were used using the in-situ polymerization method as the base material for gas sensors which were further characterized using Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The test results show that the PANi/ZnO composite was successfully synthesized using the in-situ polymerization method characterized by the FTIR absorption peak at 674 cm-1 with the ZnO bond type indicating the presence of ZnO in the PANi/ZnO composite, then the composite intensity became higher than PANi at 2θ = 25.7˚ which indicates the interaction of ZnO and PANi with the formation of hydrogen bonds between H-N and oxygen from ZnO. The PANi/ZnO composite has a particle size of 226 nm with an ovoidal-shaped shape and a porous structure which indicates that it can be used as a gas sensor base material.
Keywords: composite, metal oxide, conductive polymer, gas sensors
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Handayani, D. S., i T. A. Pratiwi. "Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline-polyanethole composites as conductive polymer materials". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2556, nr 1 (1.08.2023): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2556/1/012016.
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Abstract Synthesis of polyaniline-polyanethole (PANI-PAN) composite has been successfully carried out by mixing method at room temperature using dichloromethane as solvent. PANI-PAN composites were reacted at 5%, 10%, and 15% polyanethole variations by weight of polyaniline. The synthesis results obtained were structure analyzed by FTIR and characterized by TGA, SEM-EDX, and conductivity. The synthesis of PANI-PAN composites from various variations resulted in the product being a grayish green solid. The success of the PANI-PAN composite synthesis was shown by the results of the FTIR analysis, namely the presence of a typical absorption between polyaniline and polyanethole in the PANI-PAN 5, 10, 15% (w/w) composite, respectively, is indicated by the presence of an amine group (-NH-) at a wavelengths of 3499.94 cm-1, 3457.55 cm-1, and 3506.74 cm-1 for polyaniline and ether groups (C-O-C) at wavelengths 1235.46 cm-1, 1244.14 cm-1, and 1242.21 cm-1 for polyanethole. The morphology of the PANI-PAN composite was performed using SEM-EDX showed the presence of cavity filling in the polyaniline indicated that there had been an even distribution between the polyanethole in the polyaniline. The results of thermal analysis showed an increase in thermal stability compared to polyaniline. The conductivity value of the PANI-PAN composite showed a better value than polyaniline and was optimal at 10 wt% variation.
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Akhter, US, MS Miran, MABH Susan, MYA Mollah i MM Rahman. "Preparation and characterization of polyaniline-silica composite material". Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 47, nr 3 (21.12.2012): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i3.13055.
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Polyaniline-silica (PAni-silica) composite material with 40% silica was prepared by polymerization of aniline in a medium consisting of colloidal silica, freshly prepared by hydrolysis of sodium silicate at room temperature at pH 6.5. The physico-chemical properties of both PAni and the composite material, PAni-silica were studied by FT-IR and transmission electron microscopy and measurements of Brunauer- Emmett-Teller (BET) isotherms. PAni-silica composites showed inhomogeneous pore distribution, although PAni has no significant pores. Average pore size of PAni-silica was 280 and 175 Å during adsorption and desorption of nitrogen, respectively. The interactions of PAnisilica composite and PAni with saturated hydrocarbons were investigated by inverse gas chromatography. The composite material was found to be efficient for separation of a mixture of hydrocarbons, in the range of C5-C9, owing to large BET surface area. Enthalpy of adsorption of the individual hydrocarbons was evaluated from an analysis of the retention time and the flow rate of the carrier gas. For PAni, the enthalpy of adsorption was very low; however, the value for the composite material was found to be comparable to the enthalpy of evaporation of the individual hydrocarbons. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i3.13055 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(3), 249-256, 2012
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Mohamed, Nather Ibraheem, Salma M. Hassan i Khaleed J. Khalil. "Preparation, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity of Polyaniline and Fe2O3/Polyaniline Composite Nanoparticle". Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) 20, nr 1 (1.03.2022): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v20i1.725.
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An oxidative polymerization approach was used to create polyaniline (PANI) and Fe2O3 /PANI nanoparticle combination. Various characterization approaches were used to investigate the structural, morphological, and Fe2O3 /PANI nanoparticle structures. The findings support the synthesis of polycrystalline nanoparticle PANI and Fe2O3 /PANI spherical nanoparticle composites. Gram-positive bacteria are tested for antibacterial activity. Various quantities of Nanoparticles of PANI and Fe2O3 /PANI nanoparticle composites were used to test Staph-aureus and gram-negative bacteria, E-coli, and candida species. PANI has antibacterial properties against all microorganisms tested. Fe2O3 /PANI nanoparticle composites, on the other hand, have higher antibacterial activity, as evidenced by the zone of inhibition. Bacterial inhibition zones are in S. aureus (positive), and E. coli are in good functioning order. With increasing concentrations of Fe2O3 /PANI nanoparticle composites, the inhibition zones of all bacteria are larger. Finally, the antimicrobial activity of Fe2O3 /PANI nanoparticle composite is characterized using a simplified mechanism based on electrostatic attraction. In this paper, a conductive polymer doped with iron nanoparticles was fabricated for the aim of testing it in the field of bacterial resistance.
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Rahman, Gul, Mansoor Khan, Zahid Khan, Anwar-ul-Haq Ali Shah, Muhammad Saleem Khan i Luqman Ali Shah. "Nickel Oxide-incorporated Polyaniline/Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite for Enhanced Antibacterial Activity". Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 233, nr 9 (27.08.2019): 1261–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zpch-2018-1303.
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Abstract The development of biocompatible, cost effective and more efficient materials to control or inhibit the growth of microorganisms in necessary to fight against resistant microbes. Here, we demonstrate the synthesis of nickel oxide-incorporated polyaniline/polyvinyl alcohol (PANI/PVA/NiOx) composite material by single-step polymerization and its application as antibacterial agent. The composite films were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). UV-Vis spectra revealed the enhancement in absorption properties of PANI/PVA/NiOx with optimum 5% incorporation of NiOx. TGA results indicated slightly enhanced thermal stability of the PANI/PVA/NiOx composite film as compared to PANI/PVA. FTIR spectra for composites revealed the existence of NiOx in polymers. However the crystallinity of PANI/PVA was not much affected. The antibacterial activity of the prepared composites was examined against four different gram negative bacteria, Salmonella, Shigella, Pseudomonas and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The composite exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against E. coli, Salmonella and Shigella while pseudomonas showed some resistance. Based on the results, PANI/PVA/ NiOx (5%) composite showed the highest activity against the tested bacterial strains, thus showing its potential to be used as an effective antibacterial agent.
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Nagaraja, Sannakki, S. M. Ambalagi, H. K. Inamdar, B. Bharathi, D. Mahalesh, M. V. N. Ambika Prasad, S. Basavaraja i P. S. Naik. "Synthesis and Characterization of PANI/PVDF Composites for Dielectric and AC Conductivity". Volume 4,Issue 5,2018 4, nr 5 (28.10.2018): 516–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30799/jnst.145.18040514.
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The polymer composites of polyaniline (PANI) with PVDF have been synthesized by polymerization method. The different composites of PANI with PVDF are obtained by adding 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 N solutions of PVDF during the polymerization to get the PANI/PVDF composites. The synthesized samples of PANI and composite of PANI with PVDF polymer were characterized by using X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The dielectric properties such as dielectric constant, dielectric loss and AC conductivity for the composites of PANI/PVDF at different weight percentages are studied as a function of frequency in the range 5 Hz–35 MHz at ambient temperature. It is found that the dielectric permittivity decreased exponentially at lower frequency region up to 300 Hz and then the dielectric permittivity remains constant at higher frequency region as the frequency increased. It is also observed that the dielectric permittivity increased as the concentration of PVDF in the polymer composite increased as compared to PANI. Further, it is observed that the dielectric loss increased as a weight percentage of PVDF increased in the composite of PANI. In case of AC conductivity as the frequency increased the AC conductivity remains constant up to 6.75 MHz and afterwards it increases as frequency increased. This is due to the increase in charge carriers through the hopping mechanism in the polymer composites. It is also observed that as a weight percentage of PVDF increased the AC conductivity is also increased
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Pasela, Bianca, Acelle Castillo, Rhenish Simon, Maria Pulido, Haidee Mana-ay, Ma Abiquibil, Rhys Montecillo, Kanjana Thumanu, Doebner von Tumacder i Kathrina Taaca. "Synthesis and Characterization of Acetic Acid-Doped Polyaniline and Polyaniline–Chitosan Composite". Biomimetics 4, nr 1 (11.02.2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics4010015.
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Polyaniline–chitosan (PAni–Cs) composite films were synthesized using a solution casting method with varying PAni concentrations. Polyaniline powders used in the composite synthesis were polymerized using acetic acid as the dopant media. Raman spectroscopy revealed that the PAni powders synthesized using hydrochloric acid and acetic acid did not exhibit significant difference to the chemical features of PAni, implying that PAni was formed in varying concentrations of the dopant media. The presence of agglomerated particles on the surface of the Cs composite, which may have been due to the presence of PAni powders, was observed with scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX). Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy further showed the interaction of PAni with Cs where the Cs characteristic peak shifted to a higher wavelength. Cell viability assay also revealed that the synthesized PAni–Cs composites were nontoxic and may be utilized for future biomedical applications.
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Dorairajan, Mukundan, Vikram Srinivas, Vasanthakumari Raju i Gayathri Raghavan. "Temperature Dependent Electrical Properties of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles-Polyaniline Composite". Advanced Materials Research 938 (czerwiec 2014): 230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.938.230.
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Polyaniline (PANI) Nanocomposites are potential materials for actuators, EMI shielding, Fuel cells and components in non volatile memory. Silver nanoparticles have wide range of applications such as catalysis, microelectronics, biotechnology and silver-oxide batteries. This work reports the effect of thermal alteration [lowhigh temperatur on the electrical conductivity of green synthesized silver (Ag) nanoparticles-polyaniline composite. A simple low cost green synthesis using Azadirachta indica [Neem] extract is employed for synthesis of silver nanoparticles; Polyaniline is prepared by redox polymerization of aniline using ammonium per sulphate. The silver nanoparticles are incorporated into Polyaniline during polymerization. PANI and PANI-Ag composites are characterized by FTIR, UV-Vis, TGA, XRD, TEM and DC conductivity. The DC conductivity and UV-Vis spectral response were recorded for the samples at low temperatures [263K, 273K, and 283 and high temperatures [353K, 433K, and 533. The effect of thermal alteration showed a significant change in both conductivity and UV-Vis spectral response. UV-visible spectra show the transition occurring in PANI Emeraldine salt phase to Pernigraniline with increase in temperature. TGA analysis confirms the improved thermal stability for PANI-Ag composite. The mechanism of electrical conductivity with temperature in the system is investigated and reported. Thus, this work deals with an approach to analyze the electrical behavior of green synthesized silver nanoparticles composited with a conducting polymer. The results show that these composites can be suitable for temperature dependent semiconductors, bio sensors and catalytic reactions.
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Busron, Busroni, Anggoro Wicaksono, Moh Irfan Efendi, Devi Nalita, Safna Aullia Intan Mawarni, Arum Prasanty, Bambang Hidayat i in. "PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NOVEL ES-PANI/GLUCOMANNAN COMPOSITE: STUDY OF CONDUCTIVITY". International Journal of Advanced Research 10, nr 12 (31.12.2022): 299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15840.
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The synthesized of emeraldine-salt-polyaniline composites were synthesized using in situ chemical polymerization to form the ES-PANI-glucomannan composites and the ES-PANI-cellulose composites using the batch, and spray method. Polyaniline can be composed of glucomannan and cellulose matrics because they are abundant, cheap, and environmentally friendly. The Ammonium peroxodisulfate (APS) is used as an initiator for the process of oxidative polymerization of aniline and using HCl and HCOOH doping. Characterization of ES-PANI-Glucomannan and ES-PANI-Cellulose composites using FT-IR and conductivity test using LCR-meter. The ES-PANI-Glucomannan composite used the HCl doped batch method, and the conductivity values optimum ​​were 3,68 x 10-3 S/cm, the ES-PANI-Glucomannan composites used the HCOOH doped batch method, the conductivity values optimum ​​were 5,87 x 10-4 S/cm, the ES-PANI-Cellulose composites used the HCl doped batch method, the conductivity values ​​were 1,08 x 10-1 S/cm, the ES-PANI-Glucomannan composites used the HCl doped spray method, the conductivity values optimum ​​were 1,23 x 10-7 S/cm, and the ES-PANI-Glucomannan composites used the HCOOH doped spray method, the conductivity values ​​ optimum were 9,20 x 10-8 S/cm. The results of the study showed that the highest conductivity values ​​ were found for the ES-PANI-Glucomannan and ES-PANI-Cellulosa composites in the batch method of HCl, and HCOOH doping.
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Teng, Yanhua, Shiqin Li, Changguo Xue, Hongyan Zhang, Lingkai Zhu i Yu Tang. "Synthesis of Polyaniline/Graphene Oxide/Azobenzene Composite and Its Adjustable Photoelectric Properties". Advances in Polymer Technology 2020 (16.03.2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8730852.
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Azobenzene derivatives have fast light response characteristics; in this paper, a new azobenzene derivative (Azo) was synthesized and to be made a composite (PANI/GO/Azo) with polyaniline/graphene oxide (PANI/GO). Both composites were carefully investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Moreover, their electrochemical properties were characterized by the electrochemical workstation, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), cycling stability, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results demonstrated that the PANI/GO/Azo composite has a higher capacitance of 478.3 F g−1 than that of PANI/GO (359.9 F g−1) at a current density of 1 A g−1. PANI/GO/Azo composite showed excellent photosensitive electrochemical properties under UV irradiation, and its rate of capacitance change achieved about 52.57%. Additionally, the PANI/GO/Azo composite also displayed high reversibility, with specific capacitance retention of 92% after 500 cycles. Therefore, the PANI/GO/Azo electrode with a controllable electrochemical performance by UV irradiation had a great potential in the photoresponsive supercapacitor.
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Wibowo, Jenie Fakhri, Imam Prasetyo i Teguh Ariyanto. "PANI/Porous Carbon Palm Kernel Shell via <i>In Situ</i> Polymerization Method for Supercapacitor Electrode". Solid State Phenomena 345 (28.07.2023): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-3a39kd.
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This paper attempts to evaluate the use of composite of polyaniline (PANI)/palm kernel shell-derived porous carbon (C-PKS) as alternative materials for supercapacitor electrodes. The preparation of PANI/C-PKS composites was carried out using an in-situ polymerization method. After the composite was formed, the structures and morphologies were characterized using an N2-sorption analyzer, SEM - EDX, and TGA. As for the performance of supercapacitor electrodes, the composite was tested using a three-electrode system. Structural and morphological characterization results showed that PANI was successfully deposited in C-PKS. The amount of PANI deposited in C-PKS was ca. 7.5%, obtained from TGA analysis. Meanwhile, the capacitance performance test results showed that the PANI/C-PKS composite featured a specific capacitance of ca. 116 F/g. There was an increase in specific capacitance compared to the blank material (C-PKS only) which showed only 94 F/g.
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Hong, Xiaodong, Jiawei Fu, Yue Liu, Shanggong Li, Xiaoliang Wang, Wei Dong i Shaobin Yang. "Recent Progress on Graphene/Polyaniline Composites for High-performance Supercapacitors". Materials 12, nr 9 (5.05.2019): 1451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091451.
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Electrode materials are crucial for the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors. In view of the high specific surface area, high conductivity of graphene nanosheets and the high pseudocapacitance of polyaniline (PANI), the combination of graphene with PANI has become a research hotspot. In this work, we summarize the recent advance on the synthesis of PANI and graphene/PANI composites, and their application in supercapacitors. The synthesis of PANI is the basis of preparing graphene/PANI composites, so we first introduce the synthesis methods of PANI. Then, the advances of two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) graphene/PANI composites are summarized according to the inherent feature of graphene. The 2D composites of pristine graphene and functionalized graphene with PANI are introduced separately; furthermore, the 3D composites are classified into three sections, including flexible graphene/PANI composites, graphene framework based composites, and printable graphene/PANI composites. At last, aiming at solving the current challenges of graphene/PANI composites, we put forward some strategies for preparing high performance graphene/PANI composite electrodes.
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Tian, Yan Hong, Xue Jun Zhang i Yu Zhao. "Supercapacitor Electrode Materials Based on Activated Carbon /Polyaniline Doped with Nickel Salt". Advanced Materials Research 197-198 (luty 2011): 1053–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.197-198.1053.
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Two types of supercapacitor electrode materials have been synthesized: AC/PANI, activated carbon composites polyaniline by in-situ polymerization of aniline on the surface of activated carbon, and Ni-AC/PANI, the AC/PANI composite dopes with nickel. The microstructure of composites has been examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FI-IR) has been used to determine the molecular structure and chemical bond of the composites. The nickel content has been measured by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The electrochemical performance of the composite has been characterized by cyclic voltammery and galvanostatic charge-discharge in 6mol•L-1 KOH solution using Hg/HgO as reference electrode. Due to the doping of nickel salt, Ni-AC/PANI shows desired microstructure, good high-current charge-discharge performance and good electrochemical behavior with an capacitance of 535F•g-1, 38.2% higher than that of AC/PANI.
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Pang, Shuhua, Weiliang Chen, Zhewei Yang, Zheng Liu, Xin Fan i Xu Xu. "Nanocomposite Sheets Composed of Polyaniline Nanoparticles and Graphene Oxide as Electrode Materials for High-performance Supercapacitor". Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 21, nr 2 (27.04.2018): 097–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v21i2.469.
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Composite materials based on the combination of graphene oxide and PANI are expected not only to improve the PANI conductivity, but also relieve graphene oxide aggregation via a synergistic effect. We report an easy synthesis of a polyaniline/graphene oxide (PGO) composite with a relatively high specific capacitance by chemical oxidation polymerization. As the employ of phytic acid and increasing aniline monomer concentration, more and more PANI nanoparticles deposited into the interval between GO layers. PGO3 composite exhibits the largest specific capacitance (349 F·g-1) and PGO4 composite follows (314 F·g-1), whereas PGO has a minimal specific capacitance (206 F·g-1). The enhanced capacitance originates from the high capacitance of more PANI nanoparticles and better configuration as well as higher surface area of PGO3 and PGO4 composites for fast ion transport. The as-prepared PGO3 sheets composite with improved electrochemical performance is a promising electrode material for supercapacitor.
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Ali, Farhad, Shaista Noor, Fawad Ahmad, Shahbaz Nazir i Gulfam Nasar. "Pani-Based Nanocomposites for Electrical Applications: A Review". Journal of Materials and Physical Sciences 4, nr 1 (30.06.2023): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.52131/jmps.2023.0401.0035.
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Including supercapacitors, rechargeable batteries, and fuel cells, conducting polyaniline (PANI) has been widely used in electrochemical energy storage and conversion technologies due to its high conductivity, ease of synthesis, high flexibility, low cost, and distinctive redox properties. Because of its poor stability as a super-capacitive electrode, pure PANI cannot keep up with the rising demands for more N-active sites, better power/energy densities, and more stable molecular structures. These drawbacks as a super-capacitive electrode can be overcome by combining PANI with other active materials such as carbon compounds, metal compounds, and other conducting polymers (CPs). Recent PANI research focuses mainly on PANI-modified composite electrodes and supported composite electrocatalysts for fuel cells and rechargeable batteries, respectively. Due to the synergistic effect, PANI-based composites with various unique structures have shown superior electrochemical performance in supercapacitors, rechargeable batteries, and fuel cells. PANI typically functions as a conductive layer and network in different PANI-based composite structures. This review also discusses N-doped carbon materials produced from PANI because they are frequently employed as metal-free electrocatalysts for fuel cells. We conclude by providing a quick summary of upcoming developments and future research directions in PANI
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Chen, Xinpeng, Xiangdong Chen, Xing Ding i Xiang Yu. "Gas Sensitive Characteristics of Polyaniline Decorated with Molybdenum Ditelluride Nanosheets". Chemosensors 10, nr 7 (6.07.2022): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10070264.
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In this work, hydrochloric acid (HCl)-doped molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) nanosheets/polyaniline (PANI) nanofiber composites are prepared by in situ chemical oxidation polymerization, and then the composites are deposited on interdigital electrodes (IDEs) to fabricate a NH3 gas sensor. Morphological analysis of the composites reveals that the PANI fibers are deposited on 2D MoTe2 sheets, showing a porous mesh microstructure structure with a more continuous distribution of PANI layer. FTIR spectrum analysis indicates the interaction between the MoTe2 nanosheets and the PANI in the MoTe2/PANI composites. The results demonstrate that the as-prepared MoTe2/PANI composites exhibit higher response than the pure PANI, in particular, the 8 wt.% MoTe2/PANI composites display about 4.23 times enhancement in response value toward 1000 ppm NH3 gas compared with the pure PANI. The enhanced NH3 gas-sensitive properties may be due to the increasing surface area of MoTe2/PANI composite films and the possible interaction of the P-N heterojunctions formed between PANI and the 2H-MoTe2 nanosheets.
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DU, YONG, KEFENG CAI i SHIRLEY ZHIQI SHEN. "FACILE PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GRAPHENE NANOSHEET/POLYANILINE NANOFIBER THERMOELECTRIC COMPOSITES". Functional Materials Letters 06, nr 05 (październik 2013): 1340002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179360471340002x.
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Graphene nanosheet (GNs)/polyaniline (PANI) nanofiber composites were prepared by oxidative polymerization of aniline in a GNs dispersed 1 mol/L HCl solution. The phase composition of the composites was analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction. The thermoelectric properties of the composite powders, after cold pressing into pellets, were measured at room temperature. As the content of GNs increased from 0 to 40 wt.%, the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of the composite pellets increased simultaneously; especially the electrical conductivity increased dramatically from 15.4 to 120.1 S/cm. The highest power factor (~ 394.4 × 10-8 Wm-1K-2) was obtained from the 40 wt.% GNs/PANI composite sample, which is ~200 times as high as that of HCl -doped PANI.
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Li, Yu Feng, Xiao Hui Gao, Hong Lei Zhu i Liu Yang. "Water-Based Polyaniline/Montmorillonite/Epoxy Composite Coatings for the Corrosion Protection of Mild Steel". Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (sierpień 2009): 1067–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.1067.
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Polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSSA) doped water-dispersible polyaniline (PANI) /montmorillonite (MMT) clay composites were firstly synthesized by intercalation polymerisation in aqueous medium and characterized by XRD and FT-IR. The results showed exfoliated silicate nanolayers of MMT clay dispersed in the PANI matrix and has interaction involving hydrogen bonding between the PSSA-PANI chain and the surface of the MMT clay layer. This composites is more thermal stable than that of without clay samples and results in good stable temperature-dependent dc conductivity [σdc(T)] as temperature changed. The composite anticorrosion coatings of PANI/MMT and waterborne epoxy resin emulsion (EP) were prepared by mixture in aqueous medium and used for corrosion protection of mild steel. Open circuit potential (OCP), Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel plot demonstrated that the PANI/MMT/EP composite coatings have better anticorrosion properties than PANI/EP, MMT/EP and PANI/MMT/EP mixture. It’s impedance and corrosion potential is higher and the corrosion current density is lower. The anticorrosion coatings are environmental friendly because of water dispersion medium. Introduction
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Xing, Honglong, Ye Liu, Zhenfeng Liu, Huan Wang i Hanxiao Jia. "Structure and Microwave Absorption Properties of Polyaniline/Zn Ferrite Composites". Nano 13, nr 09 (wrzesień 2018): 1850105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292018501059.
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Polyaniline (PANI)/Zn ferrite composites were fabricated by simple two-step method. The crystal phase, particle size, morphology, thermal stability and conductivity were characterized. Electromagnetic parameters of PANI/Zn ferrite composites were measured at room temperature in the frequency of 2–18[Formula: see text]GHz. The prepared composite had an amorphous fluffy structure, Zn ferrite nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 20[Formula: see text]nm to 30[Formula: see text]nm are encapsulated in PANI or on PANI surface, and the thermal stability of the composite is poor. But Zn ferrite content plays a key role in influencing this structure and regulating microwave attenuation capability. The PANI/Zn ferrite composites showed an enhanced microwave absorption performance in Ku band at thin coating thickness which corresponds to RL value below [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]dB and the minimum reflection loss (RL) is [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]dB at 17.6[Formula: see text]GHz with the coating thickness of 1.4[Formula: see text]mm.
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He, Luying, Xin Shen, Yang Yao i Hui Li. "A facial in-situ approach to synthesize Ti2Nb10O29@PANI core-shell microspheres for high performance lithium ion battery anodes". Materials Express 11, nr 5 (1.05.2021): 749–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2021.1964.
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Polyaniline (PANI) wrapped Ti2Nb10O29 (TNO) micro-spherical composites were successfully synthesized via a solvothermal approach combined with a facial post in-situ polymerization method. Effects of different amounts of the PANI coatings on the composite microspheres’ electrochemical properties were studied in detail. Results showed that the electrochemical performance of TNO@PANI anodes with 5 wt% PANI is the optimum among all the samples, giving capacity values as high as 272 mAh/g (1 C) and 190.1 mAh/g (20 C), respectively. Moreover, the electrochemical impedance measurements exhibited that 5 wt% TNO@PANI composite electrode material possess a weaker charge transfer resistance. This indicates that an appropriate amount of polyaniline coating can effectively improve the electronic conductivity of TNO microspheres and subsequently the electrochemical properties. In this work, we have demonstrated that 3D TNO@PANI composite microspheres not only deliver a higher initial Columbic efficiency but also can serve as next-generation lithium-ion battery electrode material with enhanced rate performance.
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Patil, Harshada K., Megha A. Deshmukh, Gajanan A. Bodkhe i Mahendra D. Shirsat. "Sensitive detection of heavy metal ions: An electrochemical approach". International Journal of Modern Physics B 32, nr 19 (18.07.2018): 1840042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979218400428.
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Polyaniline (PANI) is one of conducting polymers (CPs) which has been used widely in various fields of applications. The low cost monomer, red/ox reversibility, existence of various oxidation states, electrical & optical activity, environmental stability, etc. are the characteristic reasons for it. Herein, we report the electrochemically synthesized PANI and its composite with single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNTs) — PANI/SWNTs. The effects of inculcation of SWNTs were studied using the electrochemical properties of PANI and PANI/SWNTs composites, using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) for the electro active natures of both. For the study of optical absorption UV–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy was used and for morphology the field effect scanning electron mictroscopy (FESEM) was used. The composite PANI/SWNTs exhibited a good electroactive nature and therefore was opted as a sensing platform for the detection of nickel ions. For the selectivity inculcation of the nickel ions, the chelating ligand viz. dimethylglyoxime (DMG) was used for the modification of the composite.
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Fitriantika, Levia Annisa, Diyan Unmu Dzujah, Rahmat Hidayat, Norman Syakir i Fitrilawati. "Comparison of Optical Characteristics of GO-PANI Composite in Solution and Thin Film". Materials Science Forum 1028 (kwiecień 2021): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1028.285.
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Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) is a promising material as an active electrodes material for supercapacitors. However, in its application, rGO can only store electrostatic charges so there is no electron transfer between surface of the electrode and electrolyte. In order to improve electrode performance, rGO can be composite with conductive polymers such Polyaniline (PANi). It was reported that rGO-PANi composite can increase conductivity of rGO and support pseudocapacitance of the material so the electron transfer can be carried out actively through reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions. In this work we study preparation of rGO-PANI composite using UV oven spraying method. Thin layers of rGO-PANi composite were prepared from mixture of 0.5 mg/ml GO dispersion (Graphenia) and PANi-HCl solution with a ratio of 1:1. PANi-HCl solution were prepared from PANi Emeraldine Base and 1 M HCl with mole ratio of 1:2. The samples were spray coated onto quartz substrates under photo-irradiation using UV Oven Spraying apparatus. In order to obtain a proper thickness for electrode application we varied deposition repetition. The optical characteristics of the rGO-PANi composites were measured using UV-Vis Spectroscopy. The results were compared with the optical spectra of rGO and PANi, respectively. Acknowledgement This work was funded by Hibah Kemenristek Dikti Indonesia, contract no: 1827/UN6.3.1/LT/2020 date 12 May 2020.
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Tao, Yuxi, Ziang Liu, Xue-Zhi Song, Ming Bao i Zhenquan Tan. "Solution Effect on Synthesis of Polyaniline/rGO Composite for High-Performance Supercapacitor". Nano 12, nr 07 (lipiec 2017): 1750088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292017500886.
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Polyaniline (PANI)/graphene composites have been widely investigated as supercapacitor electrode materials. However, the electrochemical performances of PANI/graphene in laboratory were much lower than the theoretical value and still far from the actual needs because the microstructure of the composite was not very uniform and contained defects such as cracks, voids and dislocation. In this paper, PANI/graphene composites were synthesized by a modified method that involved a continuous in situ polymerization-hydrothermal reduction process. The chemical microenvironment of aniline was modified with the introduction of isopropanol as an adjusting agent for PANI polymerization, resulting in the fine microstructures of PANI/graphene composites and the better effect of [Formula: see text]-doping. The specific capacitance of these PANI/rGO composites is enhanced from 537.9 to 729.4[Formula: see text]F g1 in comparison with the control sample synthesized in aqueous solution. The cycle stability is also improved from 45.1% to 68.1% capacitance retention after 1000 charge–discharge cycles at a current density of 10[Formula: see text]A g[Formula: see text]. These intriguing features make it a suitable method to improve the electrochemical performance of PANI/graphene composites for electrochemical supercapacitors.
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Huang, Hui, Ju Kang Li i Zhong Cheng Guo. "Properties of Conductive Polyaniline/Boron Carbide Composites". Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (lipiec 2012): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.417.
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Conductive polyaniline/boron carbide (PANI/B4C) composites have been synthesized by in-situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of B4C particles. The structure and thermal stability of obtained composites were characterized by FTIR, XRD and TGA. The results showed that PANI and B4C particles were not simply blended, and a strong interaction existed at the interface of B4C and PANI. In the PANI/B4C composite, the degree crystalline of PANI increased and diffraction pattern of B4C was all but of amorphous. And that the composites were more thermally stable than that of the pure PANI. Electrical conductivity measurements indicated that the conductivity of PANI/B4C composites was much higher than that of the pure PANI and the maximum conductivity obtained was 35.6 S•cm-1 at 20 wt% of B4C.
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Vaid, Kalyan, Jasmeen Dhiman, Suresh Kumar, Ki-Hyun Kim i Vanish Kumar. "A Novel Approach for Effective Alteration of Morphological Features of Polyaniline through Interfacial Polymerization for Versatile Applications". Nanomaterials 10, nr 12 (30.11.2020): 2404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10122404.
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Morphological characteristics of any nanomaterial are critical in defining its properties. In this context, a method to control morphological parameters of polyaniline (PANI) has been investigated by producing its composite with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Herein, we report for the first time the successful control on the physical/chemical properties of PANI composites synthesized via interfacial polymerization through functionalization of its AuNP composite component with citrate, ascorbate, glutathione (GSH), and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). A significant difference in the polymerization pattern, morphologies, and electrical properties was recognized in these composites according to the functionality of the modified AuNPs. The obtained composites of AuNPs/PANI exhibited highly diverse morphologies (e.g., nodule, hollow hemisphere, flake, and spider-web galaxy type) and electrical characteristics according to functionalization. Hence, this study is expected to offer better insight into control of the polymerization pattern of AuNP/PANI composites and their associated properties.
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Anwar, N., N. A. Niaz, A. Shakoor, M. Qasim i M. Ahmad. "The structural and electrical properties of polyaniline carbon nanotubes (PANI-CNTs) composite". Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures 17, nr 4 (22.12.2022): 1535–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/djnb.2022.174.1535.
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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) doped polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposite was synthesized by chemical polymerization method in the presence of HCl medium. The structure of the PANI/CNTs composite was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The SEM results showed granular and tube like shape for PANI and CNTs respectively. The SEM characterization of PANI-CNTs composite revealed a uniform wrapping of CNTs by PANI forming a core-shell nanostructure. The temperature dependent dielectric measurements were performed in the frequency range of 0.1 kHz-1 MHz. Dielectric measurements revealed the strong interactions between PANI and CNT nanoparticles causing a beneficial effect on stability of the composites. The dielectric constant followed the Maxwell-Wagner interfacial polarization. The frequency dependent conductivity obeyed a power law of frequency. Temperature has an effect on dielectric constant values of composite sample. Heat treatment affected the dipole polarization by reducing the relaxation time and hence contributed to the enhancement of dielectric parameters. Dielectric properties of composites were found to be improved due to addition of carbon nanotubes, which can improve the formation of a more efficient network for charge transport mechanism in the base polyaniline matrix. The border between polyaniline and CNTs can play an important role in yielding a large dielectric constant in the nanocomposites.
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Hong, Sheng-Zhe, Qing-Yi Huang i Tzong-Ming Wu. "Facile Synthesis of Polyaniline/Carbon-Coated Hollow Indium Oxide Nanofiber Composite with Highly Sensitive Ammonia Gas Sensor at the Room Temperature". Sensors 22, nr 4 (17.02.2022): 1570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041570.
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Hollow carbon-coated In2O3 (C#In2O3) nanofibers were prepared using an efficiently combined approach of electrospinning, high-temperature calcination, and hydrothermal process. The polyaniline (PANI)/hollow C#In2O3 nanofiber composites were synthesized used hollow C#In2O3 nanofibers worked as a core through the in situ chemical oxidative polymerization. The morphology and crystalline structure of the PANI/hollow C#In2O3 nanofiber composite were identified using wide-angle X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The gas-sensing performances of the fabricated PANI/hollow C#In2O3 nanofiber composite sensor were estimated at room temperature, and the response value of the composite sensor with an exposure of 1 ppm NH3 was 18.2, which was about 5.74 times larger than that of the pure PANI sensor. The PANI/hollow C#In2O3 nanofiber composite sensor was demonstrated to be highly sensitive to the detection of NH3 in the concentration range of 0.6~2.0 ppm, which is critical for kidney or hepatic disease detection from the human breath. This composite sensor also displayed superior repeatability and selectivity at room temperature with exposures of 1.0 and 2.0 ppm NH3. Because of the outstanding repeatability and selectivity to the detection of NH3 at 1.0 and 2.0 ppm confirmed in this investigation, the PANI/hollow C#In2O3 nanofiber composite sensor will be considered as a favorable gas-sensing material for kidney or hepatic disease detection from human breath.
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Bibi, Aamna, Yuola Rose M. Rubio, Karen S. Santiago, His-Wei Jia, Mahmoud M. M. Ahmed, Yi-Feng Lin i Jui-Ming Yeh. "H2S-Sensing Studies Using Interdigitated Electrode with Spin-Coated Carbon Aerogel-Polyaniline Composites". Polymers 13, nr 9 (30.04.2021): 1457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13091457.
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In this paper, carbon aerogel (CA)-polyaniline (PANI) composites were prepared and first applied in the study of H2S gas sensing. Here, 1 and 3 wt% of as-obtained CA powder were blended with PANI to produce composites, which are denoted by PANI-CA-1 and PANI-CA-3, respectively. For the H2S gas-sensing studies, the interdigitated electrode (IDE) was spin-coated by performing PANI and PANI-CA composite dispersion. The H2S gas-sensing properties were studied in terms of the sensor’s sensitivity, selectivity and repeatability. IDE coated with PANI-CA composites, as compared with pristine PANI, achieved higher sensor sensitivity, higher selectivity and good repeatability. Moreover, composites that contain higher loading of CA (e.g., 3 wt%) perform better than composites with lower loading of CA. At 1 ppm, PANI-CA-3 displayed increased sensitivity of 452% at relative humidity of 60% with a fast average response time of 1 s compared to PANI.
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Iqbal, Javed, Mohammad Omaish Ansari, Arshid Numan, S. Wageh, Ahmed Al-Ghamdi, Mohd Gulfam Alam, Pramod Kumar, Rashida Jafer, Shahid Bashir i A. H. Rajpar. "Hydrothermally Assisted Synthesis of Porous Polyaniline@Carbon Nanotubes–Manganese Dioxide Ternary Composite for Potential Application in Supercapattery". Polymers 12, nr 12 (5.12.2020): 2918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12122918.
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In this study, ternary composites of polyaniline (PANI) with manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanorods and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared by employing a hydrothermal methodology and in-situ oxidative polymerization of aniline. The morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy showed that the MnO2 possessed nanorod like structures in its pristine form, while in the ternary PANI@CNT/MnO2 composite, coating of PANI over CNT/MnO2, rods/tubes were evidently seen. The structural analysis by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed peaks corresponding to MnO2, PANI and CNT, which suggested efficacy of the synthesis methodology. The electrochemical performance in contrast to individual components revealed the enhanced performance of PANI@CNT/MnO2 composite due to the synergistic/additional effect of PANI, CNT and MnO2 compared to pure MnO2, PANI and PANI@CNT. The PANI@CNT/MnO2 ternary composite exhibited an excellent specific capacity of 143.26 C g−1 at a scan rate of 3 mV s−1. The cyclic stability of the supercapattery (PANI@CNT/MnO2/activated carbon)—consisting of a battery type electrode—demonstrated a gradual increase in specific capacity with continuous charge–discharge over ~1000 cycles and showed a cyclic stability of 119% compared to its initial value after 3500 cycles.
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Li, Zhihua, i Liangjun Gong. "Research Progress on Applications of Polyaniline (PANI) for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion". Materials 13, nr 3 (23.01.2020): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13030548.
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Conducting polyaniline (PANI) with high conductivity, ease of synthesis, high flexibility, low cost, environmental friendliness and unique redox properties has been extensively applied in electrochemical energy storage and conversion technologies including supercapacitors, rechargeable batteries and fuel cells. Pure PANI exhibits inferior stability as supercapacitive electrode, and can not meet the ever-increasing demand for more stable molecular structure, higher power/energy density and more N-active sites. The combination of PANI and other active materials like carbon materials, metal compounds and other conducting polymers (CPs) can make up for these disadvantages as supercapacitive electrode. As for rechargeable batteries and fuel cells, recent research related to PANI mainly focus on PANI modified composite electrodes and supported composite electrocatalysts respectively. In various PANI based composite structures, PANI usually acts as a conductive layer and network, and the resultant PANI based composites with various unique structures have demonstrated superior electrochemical performance in supercapacitors, rechargeable batteries and fuel cells due to the synergistic effect. Additionally, PANI derived N-doped carbon materials also have been widely used as metal-free electrocatalysts for fuel cells, which is also involved in this review. In the end, we give a brief outline of future advances and research directions on PANI.
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THONGKAM, Krittaprot, Nattawut CHAIYUT, Manop PANAPOY i Bussarin KSAPABUTR. "Biomass-based nitrogen-doped carbon/polyaniline composite as electrode material for supercapacitor devices". Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals 33, nr 3 (25.07.2023): 1675. http://dx.doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v33i3.1675.
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Nitrogen-doped activated carbon (N-AC) was prepared from water hyacinth stems for loading polyaniline (PANI) by in-situ polymerization to synthesize N-AC/PANI composites for utilization as electrode materials in supercapacitors. Using potassium hydroxide as the activating agent, stems of water hyacinth were carbonized and activated in a single step to produce N-AC powders. Raman, FTIR, SEM, BET, TGA, and XPS techniques were used to characterize the resultant N-AC materials. The findings revealed that the N-AC materials had a porous structure and high specific surface area. Neat PANI was synthesized by varying the reaction time to 8, 16, and 24 h. During the reaction time of 16 h, the maximum specific capacitance was obtained. For the synthesis of N-AC/PANI composites, in-situ polymerization of aniline was performed for 16 h. Tests of cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/ discharge were conducted on the electrode materials to assess their electrochemical performance for supercapacitors. Because of the synergistic effect of PANI and N-AC, the produced N-AC/PANI composite showed good supercapacitor performance compared with neat PANI and N-AC. In the case of the N-AC/PANI composite, the specific capacitance was determined by the electrochemical double-layer capacitance (EDLC) of N-AC and the pseudocapacitance resulting from the redox reaction of PANI.
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Gilja, Vanja, Ivana Živković, Teodoro Klaser, Željko Skoko, Marijana Kraljić Roković, Zlata Hrnjak-Murgić i Mark Žic. "The Impact of In Situ Polymerization Conditions on the Structures and Properties of PANI/ZnO-Based Multiphase Composite Photocatalysts". Catalysts 10, nr 4 (5.04.2020): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10040400.
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We have synthesized polyaniline/ZnO-based (PANI/ZnO) multiphase composite photocatalysts from acid media by a newly proposed two-step in situ polymerization. The first step of synthesis yielded PANI salt required for the PANI/ZnO synergistic effect. In the second step, the aniline oxidation continued, without ZnO dissolution, and it produced PANI base. Thus, both PANI salt and base phases in the composites were detected by FTIR and UV/Vis, while the presence of both ZnO and PANI polymer was confirmed by XRD. Additionally, XRD also showed Zn5(OH)8(NO3)2·2H2O and Zn(SO4)(H2O) phases in PANI/ZnO-based multiphase composites. Furthermore, the impact of the synthesis conditions on the morphology of the composites was investigated by FE-SEM. The images displayed that ZnO particles were encapsulated in PANI sheets that were formed by the aniline oligomers. Photocatalytic evaluation of PANI/ZnO-based catalysts (i.e., degradation of Acid Blue 25 dye) was conducted and the obtained results confirmed that all the studied composites experienced the PANI/ZnO synergistic effect. It was observed that the best photocatalytic properties were held by the PANI/ZnO_2 sample due to its optimal particle size.
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Wang, Xiao Hua, i Ming Nie. "Properties of PANI-PVA Composite Film". Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (lipiec 2011): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.253.
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The polyaniline(PANI)-poly(vinyl alcoho1)(PVA) composite film doped with HC1 was prepared with PVA as matrix. Effects of PVA content, film drying temperature on properties of PANI-PVA composite film were studied. Tensile strength, elasticity, conductivity and thermal stability of PVA, HC1-PANI or PANI-PVA were compared. Tensile strength and elasticity of PVA film were the largest, its conductivity was the least. The conductivity of PANI-PVA was the largest, tensile strength and elasticity of PANI-PVA are bigger than those of HC1-PANI. The order of their thermal stability is PVA> HC1-PANI > PANI-PVA before 260°C, the order of their thermal stability is HC1-PANI>PANI-PVA> PVA after 260°C.
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Ahmad, Sharique, Adil Sultan i Faiz Mohammad. "Electrically Conductive Polyaniline/Silk Fibroin Composite for Ammonia and Acetaldehyde Sensing". Polymers and Polymer Composites 26, nr 2 (luty 2018): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739111802600206.
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In this study, camphorsulphonic acid-doped conducting polyaniline/silk fibroin (Pani/SF) composites were prepared by in-situ polymerisation. The Pani/SF composite fibres were characterised by using Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and digital photographs. Results indicated that the Pani was successfully coated on silk fibroin. The electrical properties of Pani/SF composite fibres were influenced by the extent of loading of aniline monomers. The as-prepared material was studied as a sensing material by observing the change in their electrical conductivity on exposure to ammonia and acetaldehyde, followed by ambient air at room temperature. It was found that the composite fibres showed good reversibility and conductivity decreased on exposure to higher concentration of ammonia and acetaldehyde vapours at room temperature.
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Huang, Hui, i Zhong Cheng Guo. "Preparation and Characterization of Conductive Polyaniline/Cerium Dioxide Composites". Materials Science Forum 663-665 (listopad 2010): 686–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.686.
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Conductive polyaniline/cerium dioxide (PANI/CeO2) composites have been synthesized by in-situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of CeO2 nanoparticles. The structure and thermal stability of obtained composites were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FTIR), Fourier-transform Raman spectra (FT-Raman), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that PANI and CeO2 nanoparticles were not simply blended, and a strong interaction existed at the interface of CeO2 and PANI. In the PANI/CeO2 composite, the degree crystallinity of PANI increased and diffraction pattern of CeO2 was amorphous. And that the composites were more thermally stable than that of the pure PANI. Electrical conductivity measurements indicated that the conductivity of PANI/CeO2 composites was much higher than that of the pure PANI and the maximum conductivity obtained was 11.68 S/cm at 17.5 wt% of CeO2.
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Rahman, Gul, Mustifuz Ur Rahman i Zainab Najaf. "In situ synthesis of PANI/CuO nanocomposites for non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensing". Applied Chemical Engineering 3, nr 2 (5.09.2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/ace.v3i2.645.
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We report the in situ synthesis of polyaniline/copper oxide (PANI/CuO) nanocomposites and their characterization as electrocatalyst for non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose detection. Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were prepared by wet chemical precipitation method followed by thermal treatment while the composites of PANI and CuO were synthesized by in situ chemical polymerization of aniline with definite amount of CuO. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed that the composites are predominantly amorphous. The composite formation was confirmed by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis. The surface morphology was greatly altered with the amount of CuO in composite structure. PANI/CuO nanocomposites were coated on copper substrate to investigate their electrocatalytic activity for glucose sensing. PANI/CuO with 10 wt. % CuO exhibited good response towards electrochemical glucose oxidation.