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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Pako"
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Pandey, Pramod Kumar, Ramkrishna Samanta, and Raj Narain Singh Yadav. "Plant Beneficial Endophytic Bacteria from the Ethnomedicinal Mussaenda roxburghii (Akshap) of Eastern Himalayan Province, India." Advances in Biology 2015 (November 23, 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/580510.
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Mussaenda roxburghii are very important ethnomedicinal plant, used for its various applications from the ancient period. The role of their associated plant beneficial endophytic bacteria was evaluated, which were previously untapped. Among the isolates, PAK6 was identified as efficient phosphate solubilizer, quantified by the molybdenum blue method. Four isolates PAK1, PAK2, PAK3, and PAK8 were able to synthesize significant level of IAA in the presence and absence of tryptophan. Isolates PAK1 and PAK9 were able to produce siderophore on CAS agar media, PAK2 and PAK9 were able to produce HCN, and PAK7 and PAK8 were able to grow on N2-free medium. All the isolates were able to produce a moderate level of polysaccharide and tolerate up to 10% of NaCl. Isolates PAK3, PAK6, PAK7, and PAK8 were able to grow well at pH 5.0 and isolates PAK2, PAK7, and PAK8 were able to tolerate 600 μg mL−1 of Al+3, while all the isolates except PAK1 showed a tolerance to 600 μg mL−1 of Mn+2 tested. Endophytic bacterial isolates PAK6 and PAK9 were effective against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Sclerotium rolfsii.
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Rantala, Pälvi, and Leena-Maija Rossi. "Pako pohjoiseen ja pohjoisesta." Lähikuva – audiovisuaalisen kulttuurin tieteellinen julkaisu 33, no. 2 (2020): 8–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.23994/lk.97381.
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Vuonna 2015 Eurooppaan pyrki Lähi-idästä ja Pohjois-Afrikasta historiallisen suuri joukko turvapaikanhakijoita, pakolaisia ja siirtolaisia. Osa heistä päätyi suuntaamaan Suomeen Pohjois-Ruotsin ja Venäjän rajojen yli. Lapin sodan aikaan, vuonna 1944, pakolaisvirta kulki toiseen suuntaan: Suomesta Ruotsiin. Artikkeli tarkastelee taideteosta, jossa rinnastetaan nämä kaksi aikatasoa ja tapahtumakulkua.Minna Rainion ja Mark Robertsin lyhytelokuva They Came in Crowded Boats and Trains (2017 Suomi) kuvaa ”pohjoista” osin uudesta näkökulmasta. Elokuvan päähenkilöt, reaalielämässään itse turvapaikanhakijoita, ovat lukuisten mediaesitysten kehyksessä tunnistettavasti ”eteläisiä” hahmoja pohjoisessa maisemassa. Teoksen kertojaääni taas lukee otteita pohjoissuomalaisten pakolaisten kirjeistä ja päiväkirjoista seitsemänkymmenen vuoden takaa.Teoksessa menneisyyden ja nykyisyyden tapahtumat asettuvat ajan ja paikan ylittävään dialogiin. Kysymme artikkelissa, millainen kulttuurinen muisti ja kuvasto on rakentunut evakkouden ympärille ja miten Rainion ja Robertsin teos asettuu suhteessa siihen. Onko kahden aikakauden pakolaiskuvien välillä löydettävissä samanlaisuutta tai eroja? Analysoimme teoksessa rakentuvia suhteita ja asetelmia, kuten eri ajassa matkaavien pakolaisten eroja, erilaisuutta ja vertaisuutta, mutta myös elokuvassa rakentuvaa tietoisuutta suhteessa pakolaisuutta määrittäviin valtarakenteisiin ja historiallisiin rinnastuksiin.Escape from the North and to the North: Two Temporal Levels of Exile in the short film They Came in Crowded Boats and TrainsIn 2015 a historically vast number of refugees, asylum seekers and immigrants strived towards Europe from the Middle East and North Africa. Some of them ended up arriving in Finland, crossing the borders from either Northern Sweden or Russia. During the Lapland War, in 1944, the stream of refugees went to the opposite direction: from Finland to Sweden. In our article, we discuss a work of art, which draws a parallel between these two temporal levels and historical events. Minna Rainio and Mark Roberts’s short film They Came in Crowded Boats and Trains (2017 Finland) describes “the North” partly from a new perspective. The protagonists of the film, asylum seekers in their personal life, are in the framework of countless media representations recognizable as “southern” figures in a northern landscape. The voiceover in the film, however, reads excerpts from letters and diaries of northern Finnish refugees or evacuees from 70 years ago.In the film the events of past and present are situated in a dialogue, which transgresses both time and place. In the article we ask what kind of cultural memory and imagery has been constructed around being evacuated in 1944, and how Rainio and Roberts’ film situates itself in connection with this memory and imagery. How are the refugees represented in the film, and what kinds of similarities and differences are there to be found between the refugee representations of the two different eras? What kinds of associations, insights, and maybe even objections or criticisms the film evokes? Our article analyzes relations constructed in the narration: differences and similarities represented between refugees traveling in different times, but also the consciousness built in the film in relation to existing power structures and historical parallels defining what it means to be a refugee.
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Sumantri, Hariyadi, Martinus Tukiran, and Sufrin Hannan. "Using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM Model) to Increase Effectiveness the Use of Human Resource Information System (HRIS)." Jurnal Manajemen 14, no. 3 (2023): 344–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32832/jm-uika.v14i3.14492.
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Studies related to HRIS Applications show that the Technology Acceptance Model can be used to increase the use of HRIS Applications in a company. This research aims to test and reveal empirical factors that influence using the HRIS-Pakoku Application in the Pako Group. The two direct factors are perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, and the indirect factor is a behavioural intention to use. This research was conducted at Pako Group using a questionnaire survey method, and samples were taken using the proposed stratified random sampling technique of 138 employees using HRIS at Pako Group. SEM analysis is used to determine the influence between research variables. The research results show a positive and significant influence of perceived ease of use on actual system use, a positive and significant influence of perceived usefulness on actual system use, and a positive and significant influence of behavioural intention to use on actual system use. There is a positive and insignificant influence of perceived ease of use on actual use through intention to use behaviour, and there is a positive and insignificant influence of perceived usefulness on actual system use through intention to use behaviour.
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Noori, Mohammad Asif, Nasir Ahmad Sarwary, and Sayed Ibrahim Farkhary. "Evaluation of the Physicochemical Properties of Different Imported Milk Brands Offered in Afghanistan Markets." Journal of Natural Science Review 2, no. 1 (2024): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.62810/jnsr.v2i1.41.
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Milk is an enriched food that humans widely consume. It is the source of many nutrients like protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. The content of high-quality milk should match that of natural milk and national and international standards. In the current study, the quality of selected imported milk brands (Pak1, Pak2, Pak3, Pak4, and Ir1) and local cow milk in the markets of Kabul City was evaluated. For this purpose, the levels of protein, fat, total solid, solid not fat, acidity, pH, and specific gravity were measured. Data analysis was conducted using the Kruskal-Wallis test in GraphPad Prism software. Our findings showed that the protein level in imported brands was significantly lower than the standard of cow milk (p<0.01). Among imported brands, the protein level in Ir1 and Pak4 was higher than other brands and the standard (p<0.05). The level of fat in Pak2 and Pak3 was higher than the standard and other brands (p<0.05), the level of total solid in Ir1 was lower than the standard (p<0.05), and the level of solid not fat in Pak2 and Pak3 was lower than the standard (p<0.05). Our results showed that local cow milk has a higher quality than imported milk brands, and among the brands, Pak4 has a higher quality than other brands, where its quality is almost the same as the composition of local cow milk.
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Maude, George. "Lackman, Matti. Sotavankien pako. Muurmanin ratatyömaalta 1915â1918 (review)." Slavonic and East European Review 92, no. 1 (2014): 157–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/see.2014.0128.
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McCarty, Samantha K., Motoyasu Saji, Xiaoli Zhang, et al. "Group I p21-activated kinases regulate thyroid cancer cell migration and are overexpressed and activated in thyroid cancer invasion." Endocrine-Related Cancer 17, no. 4 (2010): 989–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/erc-10-0168.
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p21-activated kinases (PAKs) are a family of serine/threonine kinases that regulate cytoskeletal dynamics and cell motility. PAKs are subdivided into group I (PAKs 1–3) and group II (PAKs 4–6) on the basis of structural and functional characteristics. Based on prior gene expression data that predicted enhanced PAK signaling in the invasive fronts of aggressive papillary thyroid cancers (PTCs), we hypothesized that PAKs functionally regulate thyroid cancer cell motility and are activated in PTC invasive fronts. We examined PAK isoform expression in six human thyroid cancer cell lines (BCPAP, KTC1, TPC1, FTC133, C643, and SW1746) by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and western blot. All cell lines expressed PAKs 1–4 and PAK6 mRNA and PAKs 1–4 protein; PAK6 protein was variably expressed. Samples from normal and malignant thyroid tissues also expressed PAKs 1–4 and PAK6 mRNA; transfection with the group I (PAKs 1–3) PAK-specific p21 inhibitory domain molecular inhibitor reduced transwell filter migration by ∼50% without altering viability in all cell lines (P<0.05). BCPAP and FTC133 cells were transfected with PAK1, PAK2, or PAK3-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA); only PAK1 siRNA reduced migration significantly for both cell lines. Immunohistochemical analysis of seven invasive PTCs demonstrated an increase in PAK1 and pPAK immunoactivity in the invasive fronts versus the tumor center. In conclusion, PAK isoforms are expressed in human thyroid tissues and cell lines. PAK1 regulates thyroid cancer cell motility, and PAK1 and pPAK levels are increased in PTC invasive fronts. These data implicate PAKs as regulators of thyroid cancer invasion.
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Dechert, Melissa A., Jennifer M. Holder, and William T. Gerthoffer. "p21-activated kinase 1 participates in tracheal smooth muscle cell migration by signaling to p38 MAPK." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 281, no. 1 (2001): C123—C132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.2001.281.1.c123.
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Cell migration contributes to many physiological processes and requires dynamic changes in the cytoskeleton. These migration-dependent cytoskeletal changes are partly mediated by p21-activated protein kinases (PAKs). At least four closely related isoforms, PAK1, PAK2, PAK3, and PAK4, exist in mammalian cells. In smooth muscle cells, little is known about the expression, activation, or ability of PAKs to regulate migration. Our study revealed the existence of three PAK isoforms in cultured tracheal smooth muscle cells (TSMCs). Additionally, we constructed adenoviral vectors encoding wild type and a catalytically inactive PAK1 mutant to investigate PAK activation and its role in TSMC migration. Stimulation of TSMCs with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) increased the activity of PAK1 over time. Overexpression of mutant PAK1 blocked PDGF-induced chemotactic cell migration. Phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in cells overexpressing wild-type PAK1 was similar to vector controls; however, p38 MAPK phosphorylation was severely reduced by overexpression of the PAK1 mutant. Collectively, these results suggest a role for PAK1 in chemotactic TSMC migration that involves catalytic activity and may require signaling to p38 MAPK among other pathways.
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Wells, Claire M., and Gareth E. Jones. "The emerging importance of group II PAKs." Biochemical Journal 425, no. 3 (2010): 465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20091173.
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The Rho-family GTPases Rho Rac and Cdc42 regulate many intracellular processes through their interaction with downstream effector proteins. The PAKs (p21-activated kinases) are a family of effector proteins for Rac and Cdc42. PAKs are important regulators of actin cytoskeletal dynamics, neurite outgrowth, cell survival, hormone signalling and gene transcription. There are six mammalian PAKs that can be divided into two groups: group I PAKs (PAK1–3) and group II PAKs (PAK4–6). Although the two PAK groups are architecturally similar, there are differences in their mode of regulation, suggesting that their cellular functions are likely to be different. Whereas much is known about group I PAKs, less is known about the more recently discovered PAK4, PAK5 and PAK6. This review will focus on the latest structural and functional results relating to the group II PAKs and discuss the emerging importance of group II PAKs in disease progression.
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Torres, Annabel, Alice Tang, Radha Vyas, Chen Su, Matthew Johnson, and Andrew Wells. "PAK6- A novel kinase in the maintenance of T cell anergy." Journal of Immunology 202, no. 1_Supplement (2019): 184.8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.184.8.
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Abstract Costimulation of T cells through the antigen receptor and the CD28 receptor engages an ‘effector’ gene expression program and a burst of proliferation. Conversely, antigen receptor engagement in the absence of costimulation induces a hypo-responsive state, referred to as anergy, that is associated with active silencing of effector genes. Our ATAC-seq analysis of CD28-dependent chromatin remodeling in anergic and effector CD4+ T cells has identified p21-activated kinase 6 (PAK6) as a gene that becomes accessible in anergic but not effector T cells. PAK6 is a member of a family of kinases comprised of two groups, group I (PAK1-3) and group II (PAK4-6). PAK6 and other group II members lack a regulatory domain that is present in group I, causing it to function differently. Previous studies by others have shown that PAK2, a group I PAK, was a positive regulator of CD3/CD28 T cell activation. Here, we demonstrate that PAK6 has the opposite role in T cell activation as PAK2, where it inhibits IL2 secretion, a hallmark characteristic of T cell anergy. Knockdown of PAK6 in anergic and effector T cells, using a CRISPR/CAS9 approach, resulted in a 50% increase in IL2 secretion, and 5-fold more cell expansion in anergic cultures upon restimulation with CD3/CD28. This suggests that PAK6 may be involved in a signaling pathway which inhibits cellular proliferation or promotes apoptosis. The highest level of PAK6 expression was observed upon re-stimulation of anergic cells, suggesting that PAK6 may be involved in the maintenance of T cell anergy. This study identifies a novel role for PAK6 in T cell anergy and a potential new target for regulating T cell function in autoimmune diseases.
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Eswaran, Jeyanthy, Wen Hwa Lee, Judit É. Debreczeni, et al. "Crystal Structures of the p21-Activated Kinases PAK4, PAK5, and PAK6 Reveal Catalytic Domain Plasticity of Active Group II PAKs." Structure 15, no. 2 (2007): 201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2007.01.001.
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