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1
Qureshi, Akhtar. "War in Pakistan the effects of the Pakistani-American War on Terror in Pakistan". Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/497.
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This research paper investigates the current turmoil in Pakistan and how much of it has been caused by the joint American-Pakistani War on Terror. The United States' portion of the War on Terror is in Afghanistan against the Al-Qaeda and Taliban forces that began after the September 11th attacks in 2001, as well as in Pakistan with unmanned drone attacks. Pakistan's portion of this war includes the support to the U.S. in Afghanistan and military campaigns within it's own borders against Taliban forces. Taliban forces have fought back against Pakistan with terrorist attacks and bombings that continue to ravage the nation. There have been a number of consequences from this war upon Pakistani society, one of particular importance to the U.S. is the increased anti-American sentiment. The war has also resulted in weak and widely unpopular leaders. The final major consequence this study examines is the increased conflict amongst the many ethnicities within Pakistan. The consequences of this war have had an effect on local, regional, American, and international politics.B.A.
Bachelors
Sciences
Political Science
2
Tamana, Aazar. "US-Pakistan cooperation and Pakistan's security post 9/11". Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/501.
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The thesis addresses the implications of US-Pakistan cooperation post 9/11 for Pakistan’s security. The terrorist attacks of 9/11 on World Trade Center and Pentagon necessitated US-Pakistan cooperation to combat terrorism, which had mixed consequences for Pakistan’s security. At the domestic level, on the one hand, US-Pakistan collaboration helped strengthen the wide consensus in Pakistani society opposed to terrorism. Further, the US encouraged and supported Pakistan’s transition to democracy in 2007-2008. On the other hand, political violence grew in Pakistan, in part due to Pakistan’s close alliance with the US, especially in Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) and Balochistan which eroded Pakistan’s domestic security. At the regional level, US-Pakistan cooperation post 9/11 enhanced Pakistan’s security in two significant ways. First, during India-Pakistan military standoff in 2001/2002, the US played a vital role in averting a war between the two adversaries. Second, the US encouraged composite dialogue between India and Pakistan that played a major role in ensuring peace between the two hostile states post 9/11.
3
Leben, Anke. "Länderbericht Pakistan". Universität Potsdam, 2002. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5486/.
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Hippler, Jochen. "Krise in Pakistan". Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/2327/.
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Hippler, Jochen. "Dauerkrise in Pakistan". Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/2936/.
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Ist Pakistan das gefährlichste Land der Welt? Jochen Hippler, ein exzellenter Kenner dieses Landes, analysiert die innenpolitische Dauerkrise. Der Staat wird immer fragiler und die Politik immer mehr durch Gewalt geprägt. Große Teile des Staatsapparates sind deformiert. Gelingt es nicht, diesen Zerfall zu stoppen, wird Pakistan mittelfristig für die Welt bedrohlicher als das krisengeschüttelte Afghanistan.
6
Sharif, Mohammad Muazzam. "Hamlet in Pakistan". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/417235/.
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This thesis tests and questions the concept of revenge in Hamlet against the context of Pukhtun culture in the Khyber Pukhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan. As this study seeks to understand the emotive meaning of revenge in a range of cultural contexts, I explore the way in which Hamlet is read and interpreted in a culture where revenge, as in the debased form of badal, is both current and pervasive. The KP universities‘ students who belong to the culture, where revenge is considered obligatory, tend to identify themselves with various characters of the play, particularly Hamlet. This study seeks to ascertain the experience of the play as a dramaturgical construct which questions the revenge ethos capable of modifying entrenched beliefs among young Pakistanis engaged in reading the play at KP universities. As a result, I explore the role and use of Hamlet as an educational tool to combat revenge practices in Pakistan. This research contributes to the growing work on Shakespeare criticism and performance in different cultures around the world by presenting the relevant appropriations of the play in Pakistan and worldwide.
7
Collinet, Annabelle. "Au prisme de la céramique : le Sind et l'islam : culture matérielle du sud du Pakistan, IIe-XIIe / VIIIe-XVIIIe siècles". Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010563.
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Cette thèse présente une céramique inédite, provenant des recherches archéologiques menées par la MAFS (Mission Archéologique Française au Sind) et sous la direction de M. Kervran, entre 1989 et 2002. La céramique étudiée a été découverte lors des fouilles de la forteresse de Sehwan Sarif dans le Sind central, des fouilles des établissements portuaires de Lahorl Bandar et de Ratto Kot, et en surface de 23 sites de la zone deltaïque de I'Indus. Ce matériel a permis de dresser une première chrono-typologie de la céramique du Sind, des débuts de la période islamique (VIIIe siècle) jusqu'a I'époque mogole. A cette approche chronologique s'ajoutent I'étude de cette céramique du point de vue technologique d'une part et en termes de production, de distribution et d'échanges régionaux d'autre part. La céramique du Sind à la période islamique se caractérise par des assemblages constitués de céramiques rouges communes et ornées de décors peints, de céramiques rouges estampées, moulées ou encore gravées, de céramiques a pâtes grises ou noires et de céramiques argileuses glaçurées. Ces types sont a la fois issus de très anciennes traditions spécifiquement régionales, appartiennent a I'aire culturelle indienne et enfin, a la culture céramique spécifique a l'Islam et caractérisée par I'utilisation de céramiques glaçurées
8
Woodland, Andy. "A grammatical description of the Kachi Gujerati language of Sindh, Pakistan". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1998. http://www.tren.com.
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Feixas, Vihé Montserrat. "Migration Movements between Pakistan and South Western Europe: Pakistani migratory networks in Catalonia". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5529.
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Entre les moltes comunitats migratòries existents al món, aquesta tesi doctoral estudia fonamentalment la comunitat dels ciutadans i ciutadanes pakistanesos que viuen a Catalunya, i també sobre les xarxes que han establert per consolidar i expandir la seva presència. Aquesta tesi a més a més, estudia la situació de les famílies i de les comunitats d'origen al Pakistan per entendre millor els processos que han conduit cap a aquest fenomen migratori, la situació actual de la població pakistanesa a Catalunya, l'impacte de la migració en les famílies dels migrants al Pakistan i les perspectives a curt i mitjà termini d'aquest moviment de població.
La comunitat pakistanesa a Catalunya presenta un cas d'estudi interessant, no pel fet migratori en sí mateix, sinó perquè aquest moviment migratori té lloc sense que existissin lligams culturals, històrics i lingüístics previs entre el Pakistan i Catalunya, i perquè l'expansió ha estat molt ràpida en aquests darrers anys.
Un segon objectiu d'aquesta tesi és donar veu als participants en el projecte d'investigació i, a través d'ells, a la comunitat pakistanesa a Catalunya i a les seves famílies i comunitats d'origen.
Durant la segona meitat del segle vint, es van desenvolupar vàries teories, models i sistemes per intentar explicar la migració internacional. La realitat social i econòmica de la població pakistanesa a Catalunya i de les seves famílies en el Pakistan però, no s'hi ajusta gaire. Ara bé, totes elles contenen elements que poden ajudar a la comprensió del fenomen migratori i per tant convé considerar-les com un conjunt d'instruments que ajuden a capturar (no és incorrecta però la trobo un pèl forçada: copsar? captar? comprendre? ) una realitat complexa i constantment canviant.
La investigació ha permès de concloure que l'emigració pakistanesa a Catalunya està fonamentada en el diferencial econòmic entre els dos països, un diferencial que compensa els costos de la migració. La gran majoria de la població pakistanesa a Catalunya hi tenien una "àncora" abans de venir. L' origen comú de molts d'ells indica l'existència de xarxes migratòries basades en la relació familiar i/o social.
L'objectiu principal dels migrants és poder oferir una vida millor a les famílies, un objectiu a mitjà i llarg termini, atès que l'objectiu inicial consisteix en recuperar la inversió que suposa per a cada família enviar un dels seus a Catalunya. Facilitar l'arribada de nous immigrants no sembla ser un objectiu, sinó que és un fet que succeeix sense que es busqui.
Catalunya no és pas la destinació preferida dels migrants. La seva arribada és més aviat el resultat d'una curosa anàlisi cost/benefici en el sentit que Catalunya constitueix una destinació "fàcil" i "bé de preu".
En resum, es pot dir que la migració pakistanesa a Catalunya continuarà augmentant en els propers anys amb l'arribada principalment d'homes, però també de dones i nens i nenes, sempre i quan les condicions econòmiques i polítiques continuïn més o menys igual. Aquest creixement farà que els enclavaments pakistanesos a la ciutat de Barcelona s'enforteixin. Alhora, sorgiran altres enclavaments a la mateixa ciutat i a la zona metropolitana, i possiblement també a Girona i Tarragona, i més tard a Lleida. Aquests enclavaments funcionaran com un pol d'atracció per a nous migrants pakistanesos.
És molt possible que, seguint el model de migració pakistanesa a altres països europeus, els migrants pakistanesos s'esforcin per integrar-se en el món econòmic, però només els individus amb un nivell educatiu alt estaran disposats a desenvolupar lligams culturals i socials amb els catalans. La majoria de la població pakistanesa preferirà viure al marge de la societat catalana.
Tot i que molts voldrien tornar al Pakistan, és probable que la majoria romangui a Catalunya definitivament i amb la seva presència contribueixi a l'expansió continuada del moviment migratori pakistanès a traves de l'enfortiment de les xarxes migratòries i dels enclavaments pakistanesos.
Among the many migrant communities in the world, this doctoral dissertation focuses on the Pakistani community in Catalonia and the networks they have established to consolidate and expand their presence there.
In addition, this thesis studies the situation of families and the communities of origin in Pakistan to try to understand the processes that have led to this migratory phenomenon, the present situation of the Pakistani population in Catalonia, the impact of migration on their families in Pakistan, and the short and medium term prospects for this migratory movement.
The Pakistani community in Catalonia presents an interesting case study not because of the migratory movement itself, rather because the movement takes place in the absence of cultural, historical or linguistic links between Pakistan and Catalonia, and because of its fast expansion. A second objective is to give voice to the participants in the research and through them, to the Pakistani community in Catalonia and their families and communities of origin.
During the second half of the 20th century, many theories, models and systems were developed to try to explain international migration. However these theories fail to explain the social and economic reality of the Pakistani population in Catalonia and their families in Pakistan. Nonetheless, they may help understand the migratory phenomenon, and therefore they may be used as a set of instruments that help capture a complex and constantly changing reality.
The research shows that Pakistanis migrate to Catalonia prompted by the economic differential between the two countries and the perceived low risks/costs attached to it. The great majority of Pakistanis in Catalonia had an anchor before proceeding, be it a friend, a relative or even an acquaintance, that was crucial in facilitating their arrival and initial introduction. The common geographical origin of most of them shows the existence of migratory networks based on family and social relations.
The overall objective is to provide more and better for their families. But this is a medium or long term objective. Initially most of them need to recoup their or their family's initial investment to send them abroad, and only afterwards they can start saving for their families. Facilitating the arrival of other migrants is not an objective per se, bur rather an unintended effect.
Catalonia is not the migrants' preferred destination. The research findings indicate that the choice was made on the basis of a cost benefit analysis, i.e. they selected the destination which was the least costly and which brought the greatest benefits in the short term.
In summary, in the coming years Pakistani migration to Catalonia will continue and will probably grow exponentially through the arrival of mostly men, but also women and children, as long as economic and political conditions remain the same, or experience only minor variations. This growth will lead to the strengthening of existing Pakistani enclaves in Barcelona city, and the emergence of new ones in Barcelona and in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona, and to a lesser degree in Girona, Tarragona and eventually Lleida. These enclaves will function as a pull factor attracting many more Pakistanis to Catalonia.
Based on the research findings and the experience of Pakistani migratory movements to other European destinations, Pakistani immigrants are likely to remain separate from the local population. Their desire to integrate will focus on the economic sphere, and only a few, better educated individuals, will be ready to establish and develop cultural and social links with the Catalan society. There is likely to be a strong resistance to adopt any mores of the host society and particularly to merge with it.
Despite their longing for Pakistan and Pakistani society, the majority of them will remain in Catalonia and will settle here, thus sustaining the Pakistani migratory movement and contributing to its expansion through the strengthening of existing enclaves and the emergence of new ones.
10
Boni, Filippo. "Civil-military relations in Pakistan : an analysis of Sino-Pakistani ties, 2001-2016". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/43618/.
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This thesis assesses the extent of military prerogatives in Pakistan’s domestic politics, by focusing on Sino-Pakistani relations in the post 9/11 period. The study departs from the coup-centric approach largely adopted in the literature on civil-military relations and develops a continuum of civil-military relations which identifies four different intensities of civilian control over the military. Such a scale is deployed to gauge empirically the military’s sway in four decision-making areas: internal security, foreign policy, economic policy and elite recruitment. This structure is used to analyse the three case studies presented in the thesis: 1) the development of the port of Gwadar; 2) the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor; and 3) Sino-Pakistani relations in the Afghan scenario. The empirical chapters are organised around elite interviews conducted during fieldwork in Pakistan and triangulated with primary and secondary sources. From the analysis conducted in the thesis emerges a new pattern of civil-military relations in Pakistan, a situation in which the civilians and the military are sharing power to the benefit of both parties. The military have found it in their interest to exercise power less overtly and to retain control of internal security and foreign policy behind the curtain of a democratic dispensation. The civilians, on their side, have managed to erode military influence in the areas of elite recruitment and economic policy, in their attempts to tackle the energy crisis and to win the 2018 general elections. Such a pattern starts taking shape in the 2008-2013 period, but it becomes more crystallised in the post-2013 time frame. The thesis assesses specifically military prerogatives in the context of Pakistan’s relations with China, but also extends the picture in the final chapter to the wider developments in civil-military relations in Pakistan, in order to provide a comprehensive and solid analysis of the issue under examination.
11
Grützmacher, Christoph. "Die Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik Pakistans : ein sicherheitspolitischer Eskalationsfaktor in Asien? /". Hamburg : Kovač, 2007. http://www.verlagdrkovac.de/978-3-8300-3222-9.htm.
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Khan, Gohar Karim. "Narrating Pakistan transnationally : identity, politics and terrorism in Anglophone Pakistani literature after "9/11"". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/66150/.
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Anglophone Pakistani literature has thrived in the country since its inception in 1947, but the past decade has witnessed a momentous development of this corpus and its readership, receiving formal recognition in Granta 112: Pakistan in 2010. Literary criticism on the subject, which was relatively limited when I started my research on Pakistani English writing in 2009, has since grown but there remains considerable scope for further study. My thesis focuses on the major works of four Pakistani writers, namely Mohsin Hamid’s The Reluctant Fundamentalist (2007) and How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia (2013), Kamila Shamsie’s Burnt Shadows (2008), Nadeem Aslam’s The Wasted Vigil (2008) and Daniyal Mueenuddin’s In Other Rooms, Other Wonders (2009). Using 9/11 as a marker, my thesis purports that Anglophone Pakistani writing counterbalances “post-9/11” discourse in American and British fiction which has tended not only to privilege the 9/11 moment as unique, but also assumed essentialist notions of victimhood, violence and identity in its representations. This literature, when it concerns itself with countries such as Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iraq, focuses primarily on their perceived cultural peculiarities, frequently equating them with extremism, violence and female oppression, and thereby reinforcing the dominant non-fictional rhetoric of the international media. As part of this discussion, my study critiques not only Islamophobia but also refutes the erroneous use recent acts terrorism as a justification for rising Islamophobia. My thesis underscores recent Anglophone fiction’s attempts at destabilising the “single story” about Islam and Pakistan. This study examines the contribution of contemporary Anglophone Pakistani writers in providing alternative representational tropes on the subject of Pakistani identity and selfhood, thereby transforming and revitalising the conventional imagining of the country to the international readership. However, I argue that the work of Anglophone Pakistani literature does not stop here. I show that this reimagining of Pakistan operates within the framework of “transnationalism” and aspires to imagine a political state of “togetherness in difference”. Transnationalism is here conceived as attitudinal, covering human collaborations that link people across national boundaries. It is advanced as a progressive and productive alternative to the assumed cultural, political and economic dominations coded into globalization, which is critiqued for its subtexts of cultural and economic domination. Writing from positions of cultural and spatial uncertainty, these writers simultaneously “host” a rigorous interrogation of fundamentalism, violence and oppression in Pakistan but also strive to facilitate a more “hospitable” understanding of Pakistan internationally. Treading the perfidious fault-line between the binaries of home and abroad, native and foreign and extremist and moderate, these writers address two major issues: one, they intervene by exploding the alleged myths of multiculturalism in the so-called “West”; in characterizing this alternative scenario they effectively question the rise of “Islamophobia” and the ill-informed stereotyping of Muslims around the globe, especially after 9/11. Secondly, I argue that the literary resistance offered by these writers constitute a “zone of contact” between the global north and global south. Replacing the discourse of “us and them”, their fictions advocate the phenomenon of what Ien Ang has called “complicated entanglement”. This entanglement envisages a range of transnational narratives—feminist, political, economic and cultural. As border individuals who embody a complex fusion of cultural experiences themselves, these writers are appositely positioned not only to explore the contradictions of human experiences, but also imagine the possibilities of their resolution.
13
Saeed, Muzammil. "Sufism and its representation in Urdu press of South Punjab, Pakistan (2001-2005)". Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0076.
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Le soufisme, la facette spirituelle de l'Islam, a un grand impact sur les valeurs sociales, religieuses, politiques et culturelles de la partie sud du Punjab, au Pakistan. Ce mouvement de mysticisme islamique a émergé de l'Irak aux tout premiers jours de l'Islam comme une pratique qui a donné une fondation solide pour la connaissance spirituelle et le débat intellectuel. Il est devenu un mouvement institutionnel dynamique à partir du 12ème siècle, et au 13ème siècle, il a créé des bases solides dans le sud du Pendjab dont la pérennité peut être notée jusqu'aujourd'hui. Cette institution a servi les gens sans distinction de religion et elle s'est illustrée dans la conduite morale et la tolérance religieuse. Voilà pourquoi, dans le récent scénario de l'extrémisme islamique, le soufisme est devenu le point focal de débats dans les médias. Le gouvernement du Pakistan a créé aussi le «Conseil consultatif soufi» pour contrer l'idéologie du terrorisme. En outre, ces derniers temps, lorsque les technologies ont fait du monde un village planétaire en raison de ses modes ultra-rapides de transport et de diffusion, le rôle des médias a été considéré comme un outil efficace de communication de masse et la propagation contre le terrorisme. En mettant l'accent sur l'importance du soufisme et des médias dans la situation actuelle pathétique de l'intolérance religieuse, le but de ce travail est de contribuer aux études contemporaines des médias et de la religion en présentant l'analyse de la presse populaire en ourdou du sud du Pendjab, au Pakistan, sur les publications soufies. Pour ce travail de recherche, nous avons analysé l'histoire du soufisme, son développement et ses réalisations dans le sud du Pendjab, et de la culture soufie récente dans la région. Nous avons aussi étudié la relation entre les médias et la religion, puis les publications soufies de grands journaux en ourdou pour examiner le thème et la fréquence des publications, des reportages, des articles, des photos et de la publicité. Nous avons également mené l'enquête parmi les étudiants de sciences religieuses des madrassas et de l'université publique pour connaitre l'impact des journaux en ourdou concernant le soufisme. En un mot, les resultats de notre recherche ont demontre la pénétration profonde du soufisme dans la région et le rôle vital de presse en ourdou du sud Punjab dans la promotion des croyances, rituels et pratiques soufis parmi les masses à travers leurs publications. En outre, les resultats de I'enquête ont révélé que les enseignements et la poésie soufis inspirent la majorité des sectes religieuses du Pakistan comme les Ahl-e-Hadith, les Barelvis, les Deobandies, et les Chiites. Cependant, les rituels et les pratiques du soufisme sont acceptés seulement par les Barelvis des madrassas et I'université publique; tandis que I'interêt pour les rituels soufis se trouve dans une certaine mesure parmi les étudiants universitaires d'autres sectes. On a aussi constate que la majorite des répondants des madrassas comme de I 'université publique, n'était pas satisfaite avec les publications sur le soufisme des journauxSufism, the spiritual facet of Islam, has a great impact on social, religious, political and cultural values of the Southern part of Punjab, Pakistan. This movement of Islamic mysticism emerged from Iraq in very early days of Islam as a practice of self-awareness that further transformed in a concrete foundation for spiritual knowledge and intellectual debate to its seekers and followers. Later, it converted into a dynamic institutional movement in the 12th century, and in the 13th century this movement had established firm grounds here, in South Punjab, whose continuation can be noted hitherto. This institution served people, irrespective of their religion, and has a great history of moral conduct and religious tolerance. That is why, in the recent scenario of Islamic extremism, Sufism has become the focal point of media debates, and the Government of Pakistan also formed 'Sufi Advisory Council' to counter the ideology of terrorism. Moreover, in recent days when the technologies have made the world a global village due to its ultra-fast modes of transportation and broadcast, the role of media is considered as an effective tool of mass communication and propagation against terrorism. Ocusing on the importance of Sufism and media in current dismal situation of religious intolerance, the purpose of this work is to contribute to the contemporary studies of media and religion by presenting analysis of popular Urdu press of South Punjab, Pakistan regarding Sufi publications. For this research work, we analyzed the history of sufism, its development and achievements in South Punjab, and recent Sufi culture in the region. Moreover, we studied the relationship of media and religion and then investigated Sufi publications of leading Urdu newspapers to examine the theme and frequency ofpublications, news stories, articles, photos, and advertisement. Further, we conducted a survey among the students of religious studies of madrassas and regional public university to know the impact of Urdu newspapers regarding Sufism. In a nutshell, the results of our research exposed deep penetration of Sufism in the region and vital role of Urdu press of South Punjab in promoting Sufi beliefs, rituals and practices among the masses, through their publications. In addition, the results of the survey revealed that Sufi teachings and poetry inspired the majority of all religious sects of Pakistan namely Ahl-e-Hadith, Barelvis, Deobandi, and Shia. However, the rituals and practices of Sufism are accepted only in Barelvis of both institutions, madrassas and the regional public university; whereas affection for Sufi rituals is found, in some extent, among the university students of other sects. Moreover, the majority of respondents, from both sides of religious students of madrassas as well the public university, demonstrated their dissatisfaction with the Sufi publications of newspapers
14
Rivard, David S. Lavoy Peter. "Pakistan : frontline state again? /". Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/1995/Dec/95Dec_Rivard.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1995.Thesis advisor(s): Peter Lavoy. "December 1995." Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-74). Also available online.
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Billquist, Daniel L. Colbert Jason M. "Pakistan, madrassas, and militancy". Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/06Dec%5FBillquist.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Information Operations)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): Glenn E. Robinson, Heather S. Gregg. "December 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-89). Also available in print.
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Bashir, Furrukh, i Furrukh Bashir. "Hydrometeorological Variability over Pakistan". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626357.
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Pakistan, as an agriculture based economy, is vulnerable to various hydrometeorological hazards ranging from tropical cyclones, thunderstorms, tornadoes, drought, rain, hail, snow, lightning, fog, wind, temperature extremes, air pollution, and climatic change. However, three of the most pressing challenges in terms of water resource availability, that are different in nature, but are inter-linked to each other are discussed over here.
We begin with the Karakoram Anomaly that is considered as one of the most mysterious and most speculated phenomena on Planet Earth. Though, it is confined to the glaciers in the eastern Hindukush, western Karakoram and northwestern Himalayan mountain ranges of Northern Pakistan that are not responding to global warming in the same manner as their counterparts elsewhere, because, their retreat rates are less than the global average, and some are either stable or growing. However, the Karakoram Anomaly has baffled scientific society for more than a decade since its earliest discovery in the year 2005. The reasons of the Karakoram anomaly were mainly associated to physiography of the area and role of climate was considered marginal till now, as climate is influencing glaciers differently all over the globe. Here, for the first time, we present a hydro-meteorological perspective based on five decades of synoptic weather observations collected by the meteorological network of Pakistan. Analysis of this unique data set indicates that increased regional scale humidity, cloud cover, and precipitation, along with decreased net radiation, near-surface wind speed, potential evapotranspiration and river flow, especially during the summer season, represent a substantial change in the energy, mass and momentum fluxes that are facilitating the establishment of the Karakoram Anomaly. In turn, it is influencing the availability of glacier melt in River Indus in summer season.
Secondly, we developed a hydrometeorological data sets for Pakistan as they are extremely important for water related impact studies and future climate change scenarios. Presently, major sources of gridded temperature and precipitation data generation are in-situ observations, satellite retrieved information and outputs from numerical models. However, each has its own merits and demerits. Among them gridded observed data sets are considered superior if the gauge density is better. Unfortunately, precipitation gauge network of Pakistan is poorly presented in prior gridded products. Therefore, a daily in-situ observation based, 0.05º×0.05º gridded temperature and precipitation data set for Pakistan, for the period of 1960-2013 is developed. It is named as PAK-HYM-1.0, that is an abbreviation of Pakistan and Hydrometeorology, and 1.0 indicates that it is the first version. This data set is developed by utilizing data from 67 meteorological stations of Pakistan. This number of observation sites is 2 to 4 times higher than that used in prior similar products, and this product can be adopted as an operational information product that can be updated on daily basis.
Finally, we focused on meteorological and hydrological droughts in Pakistan. We have reconstructed history of drought in Pakistan using in situ observations based high resolution gridded data through Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) methodology on different time scales. Furthermore, we have explained the transition of meteorological drought to hydrological drought using river inflows data of large rivers of Pakistan, and explained the sensitivity of different rivers to rainfall and temperature of different seasons. On the basis of this analysis, we have proposed a solution of construction of water reservoirs to tap water resources from northern mountains as inflows from these mountains has potential to perform as a buffer against droughts in low-lying areas of Pakistan. In addition to that, we have demonstrated the potential of Palmer Drought Sensitivity Index (PDSI) as an operational tool for drought monitoring in Pakistan.
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Huehns, Colin. "Music of northern Pakistan". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240113.
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Rivard, David S., i Peter Lavoy. "Pakistan: frontline state again?" Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/31368.
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The objective of this study is to determine Pakistan's place in contemporary U.S. national security strategy. Today, U.S.-Pakistan relations are strained due to the Pressler Amendment to the Foreign Assistance Act. The Pressler Amendment prohibits arms transfers from the United States to Pakistan in response to Pakistani efforts to develop a nuclear weapon capability. This thesis provides a historical background to the current impasse by examining Pakistani foreign objectives in South And Southwest Asia. Current security objectives analyzed are the U.S. strategies to contain Iran and Iraq and to preven nuclear proliferation in the region. In order to attain security objectives in the region, the suthor concludes that the U.S. needs a close cooperative relationship with Pakistan. Since the Pressler Amendment stands as the greatest obstacle to improved U.S.-Pakistan relations, the amendment should be repealed.
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Lillah, Hamid S. "Religious extremism in Pakistan". Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/44606.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedReligious organizations (ROs) in Pakistan have a socio-economic link with society because these institutions provide public goods and welfare to society. Members of society who benefit from the welfare activities of the ROs become supporters of these institutions. Moreover, some selected ROs in Pakistan have adopted extreme views due to the political and social context in the country. They then use this socio-economic link to indoctrinate citizens with extremist ideologies, thus creating a foundational acceptance of terrorism as a justified activity. Further, this link enables ROs to mobilize society for their interests, such as to pressure the state to gain concessions or compel the state to pass extremist laws. The state responds to ROs because of their influence over a considerable segment of society. At times, the state also needs the ROs to mobilize the population for the state’s interest. Therefore, the state accepts the demands of ROs—including those that require adoption and implementation of extremist laws, which further contribute to extremism.
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Colbert, Jason M. "Pakistan, madrassas, and militancy". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/2385.
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Following the terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001, the US government has become increasingly concerned with madrassas, Islamic schools of religious education in Central and South Asia. U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld and Secretary of State Colin Powell denounced these religious seminaries as radical institutions which produce Islamic jihadists capable of threatening U.S. national security and interests. This thesis examines the history and current evidence available on madrassas. Specifically, it analyzes their historical evolution and reaction to domestic, regional and international developments. It finds that there is little evidence to connect madrassas to transnational terrorism, and that they are not a direct threat to the United States. However, Pakistani madrassas do have ties to domestic and regional violence, particularly Sunni-Shia sectarian violence in Pakistan and the Pakistani-Indian conflict in Kashmir, making them a regional security concern. This thesis argues that the best path for combating religious militancy in madrassas is by helping to create better alternatives to madrassa education, including state run and private schools, and not by targeting madrassas directly.
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Pervaiz, Unzila. "3G migration in Pakistan /". Online version of thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11593.
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Nawaz, Raja Rab. "Maritime strategy in Pakistan". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Dec%5FNawaz.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Stabilization and Reconstruction))--Naval Postgraduate School, Dec. 2004.Thesis advisor(s): Peter R. Lavoy, Robert E. Looney. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-108). Also available online.
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Masood, Humara. "France-Pakistan : unwritten alliance". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU10045.
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Les alliances pour la sécurité et le communisme comme levier sont deux politiques qui sont l'outil majeur des politiques étrangères des relations franco-pakistanaises pendant la guerre froide pour atteindre leurs objectifs nationaux. États-Unis a été l'acteur principal autour duquel l'ensemble de la formation politique fondée. Les menaces réelles ou supposées pour la France ou le Pakistan les a conduit à adopter la politique étrangère réactif - que ce soit contre les Etats-Unis ou contre l'Inde. Cette perception de la menace, quand on les croise dans une certaine mesure, a été transformé en nationalisme nucléaire dans les deux pays - bien que dans les décennies différentes. Être une grande pouvoir du passé, l’adaptation de ces politiques par la France qui peuvent être attendus par un pays sous-développé comme le Pakistan, conclure deux choses : la position de la France en déclin dans les décisions internationales faisant la hiérarchie et la lutte pour survivre a diminué le statut politique des Etats lors de la formulation des politiques. Le lien qui renforce la relation entre les États est non seulement la communauté d'intérêts, mais aussi l'adoption de politiques mêmes sous certaines contraintes. La chaleur qui se développe entre la France et le Pakistan au cours des années 1960 et plus tard - a prouvé qu'il existe de grande possibilité qui aident les deux États à avancer. Si elles peuvent formuler des même politiques, sans consultation, ils étendre ce peuple de l'approche dans d'autres domaines d'intérêtAlliances for security and communism as leverage are two policies which are major tool of Franco-Pakistan foreign policies during the cold war to achieve their national objectives. United States was the principal actor around which the whole set of policy formation based. French and Pakistani real or perceived security threats led them to adopt reactive foreign policies – either against America or against India. This threat perception when crossed a certain extent – turned into nuclear nationalism in both countries – although in different decades. Being a great power of the past, French adaptation of those policies which can be expected from an under developed state like Pakistan- conclude two things: the declining position of France in international decisions making hierarchy and the struggle of survival diminished the political status of states while formulating the policies. The bond which strengthens the relationship between the states is not only the mutuality of interest but also the adoption of same policies under certain constraints. The warmness which develop between France and Pakistan during 1960s and later – has proved that there is great possibility exist which help both states to move forward. If they can formulate same policies without consultation, they would expand this commonalty of approach in other areas of interest
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Mahéo, Gweltaz. "Formation et exhumation de roches de haute température en contexte de collision continentale : exemple des dômes migmatitiques néogène du sud Karakorum (NE Pakistan)". Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10198.
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Dans les chaînes de montagnes, les interactions entre transfert de chaleur et la tectonique conduisent à des instabilités rhéologiques qui initient et localisent l'exhumation des roches profondes. La présence dans le sud Karakorum, au sein de la zone de collision Inde-Asie, de roches métamorphiques récentes (<10 Ma) offre l'opportunité de mieux comprendre ces interactions. L'évolution tectono-métamorphique Néogène du sud Karakorum est caractérisée par la formation de dômes migmatititques lors d'un événement métamorphique M2. Lors de ce métamorphisme M2, un fort réchauffement (> 750°C) de la croûte inférieure et intermédiaire à basse pression conduit à sa fusion partielle. La présence de nombreux plutons contemporains de M2 suggère que ce métamorphisme de HT-BP soit provoqué par une advection de chaleur d'origine magmatique. Cette phase de réchauffement est suivie par une exhumation rapide des dômes migmatites (~ 5 mm/an). Les datations par la méthode (U-Th)/He sur apatites indiquent que la vitesse d'exhumation ralentit fortement au cours du temps pour passer à moins d'1 mm/an au plus tard à 1,75 Ma, correspondant à la surrection de l'ensemble du sud Karakorum. Dans le contexte de la convergence Inde-Asie et en l'absence de preuves d'extension, l'exhumation rapide de ces dômes se ferait par extrusion diapirique, liée à la baisse de viscotié et de densité. Cette exhumation serait aidée par le plissement d'échelle crustal, en contexte de transpression du bloc ductile du Karakorum, coincé entre les blocs rigides du Ladkh et du Tibet. A partir de l'étude du magmatisme contemporain de la mise en place des dômes et des caratéristiques thermiques du métamorphisme M2, un modèle de détachement de la plaque indienne subductante est proposé pour expliquer l'évolution thermo-mécanique du sud Karakorum. Ce modèle est étendu et discuté sur la marge sud tibétaine
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Appel, Henry E. "U.S. Foreign Policy in Pakistan: Bringing Pakistan Into Line with American Counterterrorism Interests". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1117.
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This thesis is a review of U.S. foreign policy in Pakistan through a realist lens. It critiques the current state of U.S. policy and recommends that the United States prioritize national security interests, particularly with regards to counterterrorism, over building Pakistani democracy and running civilian aid programs. It then further recommends ways for the United States government to account for ground level dynamics in Pakistani politics in crafting foreign policy aimed at bringing Pakistan into line with U.S. counterterrorism priorities.
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Cressey, Gillian Rachel. "Diaspora youth and ancestral homeland : British Pakistani/Kashmiri youth visiting kin in Pakistan and Kashmir". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420415.
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Mehta, Suhaan Kiran. "Cosmopolitanism, Fundamentalism, and Empire: 9/11 Fiction and Film from Pakistan and the Pakistani Diaspora". The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1376953595.
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Columeau, Julien-Régis. "Les mouvements pour le panjabi à Lahore entre 1947 et 1960". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0144.
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Le panjabi, en tous ses dialectes, est une langue indo-aryenne lointainement issue du sanskrit comme le français l’est du latin et parlée aujourd’hui par plus de 108 millions de locuteurs au Pakistan et par plus de 42 millions en Inde. Cette répartition résulte de la partition de l’Inde britannique en 1947 entre l’Union indienne (ou, plus simplement, l’Inde) et le Pakistan, qui vit la province du Panjab – dont le nom, les « cinq eaux » en persan, renvoie aux cinq grands affluents de rive gauche de l’Indus – divisée selon une ligne de partage attribuant au Pakistan les districts à majorité musulmane et à l’Inde les districts à majorité hindoue ou sikhe. Du côté indien, en 1966, le nouvel État province du Panjab, linguistiquement composite, fut à la suite d’un long mouvement d’agitation des sikhs, divisée en trois États de l’Union, dont le Panjab avec pour langue officielle le panjabi. Du côté pakistanais, le Panjab devint l’une des provinces du nouveau pays. Mais les gouvernements pakistanais successifs ont établi l’ourdou comme langue officielle du Pakistan et du Panjab, sans jamais reconnaître au panjabi le moindre statut officiel dans la province où il est parlé comme langue maternelle par la quasi-totalité de la population. Or il existe en panjabi une riche et diverse littérature dont les premières attestations remontent au 16e siècle. Toute une partie de cette littérature s’est développée en contexte musulman et en écriture arabe adaptée, et elle forme l’héritage littéraire des Panjabis pakistanais. Une telle situation a très vite généré des tensions au Pakistan, des intellectuels panjabis réclamant un statut pour leur langue dans un pays où les tensions sociales et politiques ont toujours été très vives et où la démocratie a toujours été menacée par une armée toute puissante et des forces islamistes très actives. C’est ce que les chercheurs ont appellé le mouvement panjabi, et notre thèse porte sur les débuts de ce mouvement, jusqu’en 1960. Notre thèse se présente en deux grandes parties. La première est consacrée au contexte dans lequel est né le mouvement panjabi : politique linguistique d’imposition de l’ourdou d’une part, et mouvements linguistiques nés en réaction à ladite politique d’autre part, dans les autres provinces de ce qu’était le Pakistan d’avant la sécession de son aile orientale, devenue le Bangladesh, et au Panjab, à propos duquel est retracée l’histoire du début des mouvements de défense et de diffusion du panjabi. La deuxième partie, qui relève autant de l’histoire sociale que de l’histoire culturelle, commence par caractériser le champ intellectuel de Lahore, capitale politique et intellectuelle du Panjab pakistanais. Dans ce champ, nous identifions trois groupes agissant pour la promotion du panjabi, que nous appellons respectivement traditionaliste, marxiste et moderniste. Nous avons procédé à l’histoire de chacun de ces groupes jusqu’en 1960, présentant et étudiant ses activités et sa production littéraire ainsi que son discours et le profil social de ses membres et caractérisant sa stratégie et son impactPunjabi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken today by more than 108 million speakers in Pakistan and by more than 42 million in India. This distribution results from the partition of British India in 1947 between the Indian Union and Pakistan, as a consequence of which the province of Punjab was divided along a line attributing to Pakistan the predominantly Muslim districts and to India the predominantly Hindu or Sikh districts. On the Indian side, in 1966, the new, linguistically composite, province of Punjab was the result of a long movement of Sikh agitation, divided into three states of the Union, including Punjab with Punjabi as its official language. .On the Pakistani side, Punjab became one of the provinces of the new country. But successive Pakistani governments have established Urdu as the official language of Pakistan and Punjab, without ever granting to Punjabi any official status in the province where it is spoken as a mother tongue by almost the entire population. There is a rich and diverse literature in Punjabi, whose earliest records date back to the 16th century. Much of this literature has developed in Muslim context and adapted Arabic writing, and it forms the literary legacy of the Pakistani Punjabis. Such a situation very quickly generated tensions in Pakistan, with Punjabi intellectuals demanding a status for their language in a country where social and political tensions have always been very strong and where democracy has always been threatened by an all-powerful army and very active Islamist forces.This is what scholars have called the Punjabi movement, and my thesis focuses on the beginnings of this movement, until 1960. My thesis is divided in two major parts. The first is devoted to the context in which the Punjabi movement was born: linguistic policy of imposition of Urdu on the one hand, and linguistic movements born in reaction to the said policy on the other hand, in the other provinces of what was Pakistan before the secession of its eastern wing, as well as in Punjab. I have in this part presented the history of the Punjabi movement in undivided India (until 1947).The second part begins with a mapping of the intellectual field of Lahore, the political and intellectual capital of the Pakistani Punjab. In this field, I have identified three groups acting for the promotion of Punjabi, which I have called respectively Traditionalists, Marxists and Modernists. I have traced the history of each of these groups until 1960, presenting and analyzing its activities and literary output as well as its discourse and the social profile of its members and characterizing its strategy and impact
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Hassan, Ammad. "Pakistan's Gwadar port : prospects of economic revival /". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FHassan.pdf.
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Khan, Abdul Karim. "Organizational injustice and counterproductive work behaviors : Exploring the role of discrete emotions". Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX32039.
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Les réactions à l’injustice organisationnelle ont été largement étudiées dans la littérature. Considérons le scénario suivant: une organisation se conduit injustement envers trois salariés A, B et C. En réaction à l’injustice, chacun des employés adopte un comportement différent. L’employé « A » se comporte mal envers son superviseur, l’employé «B» se désengage de son travail et consacre plus de temps à ses loisirs, enfin l’employé « C » choisit de voler des fournitures à son bureau. Bien que les employés aient été soumis au même type d’injustice, ils ont tous réagi de manière différente. Ce constat soulève la question suivante «Pourquoi les individus réagissent différemment face à une même expérience d’injustice? » L’objectif de notre recherche est d’apporter des éléments de réponse à ce questionnement. Pour répondre à notre question de recherche, nous choisissons d’évaluer les trois aspects suivants : un évènement organisationnel ayant une importance personnelle pour l’employé, les émotions résultant de cet évènement ainsi que les manifestations comportementales qui en découlent. Nous avons choisi de considérer une augmentation de salaire annuelle dont l’importance a été évaluée à travers les différentes facettes des perceptions de justice. Nous considérons la colère et la tristesse en tant que réactions émotionnelles ressenties à la suite de cet événement. La présente étude a été réalisée en trois phases. Tout d’abord, dans une première phase, une étude qualitative a été menée à l’aide d’entretiens semi-directifs. Dans une deuxième phase, nous avons évalué la dimension de la justice organisationnelle dans le contexte pakistanaise en utilisant l’échelle de mesure Colquitt (2001). Enfin, dans une troisième phase, les données ont été recueillies via l’administration de questionnaires afin de tester le modèle intégré de recherche. Nous avons fait six hypothèses concernant les relations entre l’injustice et l’émotion de colère et de la tristesse. Nos résultats montrent que l’injustice distributive prédit à la fois la tristesse et la colère. L’injustice procédurale qui prédit uniquement la tristesse et l’injustice interpersonnelle n’est ni un facteur prédictif significatif de la colère, ni de la tristesse. Nous avons postulé que les violations de justice distributive et / ou de justice interpersonnelle pouvait conduire à un comportement de vol. Nous avons trouvé que les violations de justice interpersonnelle sont liées au vol, mais les violations de justice distributive ne sont pas liées au vol. Nous avons postulé que la colère pourrait prédire les comportements de travail contre-productifs : la violence contre les autres, le sabotage, le vol, le comportement d’évitement et la déviance productive. Nous avons également postulé que la tristesse prédisait le comportement d’évitement. Nos prévisions ont été confirmées et chacune des émotions prédit ces comportementsThe reactions to organizational injustice have been well documented in the literature. Consider the following scenario: Three employees A, B, and C have been treated unfairly by their organization. In reaction to the injustice, each of the employees behaved differently. Employee “A” misbehaved with the supervisor, employee “B” indulged in withdrawal acts of leaving early from office and coming late, and employee “C” stole office stationary. Although the employees were subjected to same kind of unfairness, they reacted differently. This situation raised the question that “Why do individuals respond differently to experiences of injustice?” In the current research, we addressed this question. Justice researchers tried to address this issue by examining the potential moderators of the injustice-behavior link. Previous studies have examined the moderating effects of risk aversion, trust propensity, exchange Idealogy, equity sensitivity, sensitivity to befallen injustice, trait morality, and Big Five personality traits. The studies have found mixed results for the predictions. Departing from the existing moderators of injustice-behavior link, we proposed and tested a mediating mechanism of discrete emotions between perceived injustices and counterproductive work behaviours. We used fairness theory and cognitive appraisal theories to develop our model. In view of our research question, three aspects were involved which need to be assessed; organizational event having personal significance for the employee, emotions associated with that event, and behavioral manifestation of the experienced emotions. We chose the event of annual salary raise and its significance was assessed by multi-facet fairness perceptions associated with it. We assessed emotions of anger and sadness experienced in response to this event. Five dimensions of counterproductive work behaviours namely abuse against others, sabotage, theft, withdrawal, and production deviance, were assessed as behavioral manifestation of these emotions. We conducted our research in Pakistani Telecom and IT sector organizations. At first place, we conducted a qualitative study to examine the important fairness dimensions, emotions, and counterproductive work behaviours in our research context. Then, we conducted a quantitative study to assess the dimensionality of organizational justice in Pakistani context. Finally, we conducted a survey study to test our hypothesized model. We used an event paradigm (event of annual salary raise) to assess the perceptions of distributive, procedural, and interpersonal justice perceptions. The questionnaires were sent to respondents 15 days after the announcement of their annual salary raise. The participants were asked about their justice perceptions of salary raise event, emotional experience of anger and sadness, and counterproductive work behaviours. We hypothesized that injustice perceptions of salary raise event (distributive, procedural, and interpersonal) may lead to anger and sadness, and anger leads to abuse against others, sabotage, theft, and production deviance behaviours. Sadness, on the other hand, leads to withdrawal behaviours. We also hypothesized that any sort of distributive and/or interpersonal justice violations may lead to the theft behavior. We also predicted that that anger would mediate the relationships of injustice perceptions with abuse against others, sabotage, theft, and production deviance. Sadness was hypothesized to mediate the relationship of injustice perceptions with withdrawal behaviours. Our results showed that distributed injustice predicted both sadness and anger, procedural injustice predicted only sadness and interpersonal injustice was neither a significant predictor of anger nor sadness. We found that violations of interpersonal justice were related to theft but violations of distributive justice were not related to theft. We found that anger partially mediated the relationship of distributive injustice with abuse against others; however anger fully mediated the relationship of procedural and interpersonal injustice with abuse against others. Anger partially mediated the relationship of injustice perceptions (distributive, procedural, and interpersonal) with sabotage. Our findings demonstrated that anger fully mediated the relationship of distributive and procedural injustice with theft. Sadness fully mediated the relationship between injustice perceptions (distributive, procedural, and interpersonal) and withdrawal behaviour. Generally, we found support for mediating mechanisms of emotions between injustice perceptions and counterproductive work behaviours
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Didier, Aurore. "Archéologie des confins indo-iraniens : étude de la production céramique du Kech-Makran (Pakistan) dans la première moitié du IIIe millénaire av. J.-C". Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010676.
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L'étude de la production céramique du Kech-Makran (sud-ouest du Pakistan) dans la première moitié du 3e millénaire av. J. -C. Est intégrée dans une perspective de recherche globale sur les peuplements anciens du sud des confins indo-iraniens. Reposant sur un matériel inédit et entièrement nouveau, les ensembles céramiques traités sont centrés sur les périodes IIIb et IIIc de la chronologie du Makran protohistorique, datées entre 2800-2500 av. J. -C. Produits localement, ces assemblages originaux présentent certaines similitudes morpho-stylistiques ou techniques avec du matériel issu des régions voisines du Balochistan, du sud-est iranien, du sud de l'Afghanistan et de la Péninsule d'Oman. Trois approches ont été développées dans le cadre de ce travail: une répartition spatiale et chronologique des assemblages inhérents à chaque période, une analyse détaillée des formes et des décors de poterie et une observation partielle des systèmes techniques
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Grützmacher, Christoph. "Die Aussen- und Sicherheitspolitik Pakistans ein sicherheitspolitischer Eskalationsfaktor in Asien?" Hamburg Kovač, 2007. http://www.verlagdrkovac.de/978-3-8300-3222-9.htm.
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Khalil, Jehanzeb. "Mujahideen movement in Malakand and Mohmand Agencies, 1900-1940". Peshawar : [Islamabad] : Area Study Centre University of Peshawar ; Hanns Seidel Foundation, 2000. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/47790352.html.
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Williams, Russell Ryan. ""What do we get from Pakistan?" major shifts in U.S.-Pakistan relations, 1942-1982 /". Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1181668199/.
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Weber, Stefan. "Untersuchung zur Nutzungsmöglichkeit pakistanischer Braunkohle im Hinblick auf vergasungstechnische Einsatzmöglichkeiten /". Aachen : Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/993663419/04.
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Calib, Gloria. "An evaluation of the engagement of the Pakistani churches in mission : a comparative study on Church of Pakistan (Lahore and Hyderabad dioceses) and Full Gospel Assemblies of Pakistan". Thesis, Middlesex University, 2016. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/21646/.
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There are strong traditions supporting the belief that Christianity had come to Indo-Pak with the Apostle Thomas in the first century. However, since its origin, the Pakistani Church has been chronically less engaged in intentional mission. This comparative study explores the phenomena of mission engagement of the Church of Pakistan (Lahore and Hyderabad Dioceses) and of the Full Gospel Assemblies of Pakistan. It brings out their similarities and differences, as well as issues of growth and decline, specifically as they affect their mission engagement and therefore their success and failure in that arena. Both quantitative and qualitative methods have been used to evaluate the mission engagement of these churches in three main areas namely: mission theology, mission practice and perceived restrictions. It has been discovered that due to its fragmented understanding of the biblical story, anthropocentric focus, neglect of the cosmic redemption and the exclusion of the Abrahamic responsibility of being a blessing to the nations, the mission theology of Pakistani churches is inadequate and inconsistent. The Pakistani churches are engaged in mission, but their engagement is not complete because of their withering evangelistic dimensions, passive presence, intentional alienation from their context and compartmentalized identifications. It is evident that most of the restrictions these churches are facing in terms of mission engagement are internal rather than external. Based on the above findings the research concludes that the Pakistani Church is engaged in inadequate mission due to inconsistent theological reflection, incomplete mission practice and overwhelming internal restrictions. Therefore, for effective engagement the Pakistani Church needs to revise its mission theology and practice and deal with its internal restrictions.
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Quratulain, Samina. "Moderating role of individual-level cultural values and role : Definition effects on social exchange relationships". Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX32038.
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L’objectif de la présente recherche est de tester un modèle qui intègre la justice organisationnelle, les comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle (OCB), l’OCB comme rôle-définition et les valeurs culturelles en vue d’examiner leurs relations en privilégiant une approche causale. Chacun de ces quatre concepts a engendré de son côté une abondante littérature et il est étonnant de constater qu’ils n’ont jamais été associés au sein d’un même et seul modèle. Dans ce modèle, la justice organisationnelle est présentée comme un déterminant des comportements de citoyenneté, et l’OCB rôle-définition et les valeurs culturelles sont des modérateurs du lien entre justice et l’OCB. Les comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle comprennent des activités qui sont pro sociales dans leur nature et d'aide à l'efficacité d'organisations. Dans le contexte de travail, les individus confrontent fréquemment des pressions vers la maximisation de profit et la promotion personnelle, il n'est pas étonnant pas de prévoir que le souci de promouvoir le bien-être de tous pour d'efficacité organisationnelle soit camouflé. Les conditions de travail créent des pressions contradictoires sur les employés, vers l'égoïsme (par exemple, faire attention à son propre bien-être et à ses propres intérêts) d’une part et le désintéressement (par exemple, donner de soi-même pour le bien-être commun de tous les travailleurs) d’autre part. Les deux questions suivantes (« quand les salariés sortiront-ils de leur poste pour aider les autres collègues et l'organisation dans laquelle ils sont employés ? » et « dans quelle mesure le contexte organisationnel et/ ou les différences individuelles sont responsables de promouvoir ou décourager telles activités de pro sociale de la part des travailleurs ? ») ont besoin de réponses. Nous avons montré que les effets principaux des perceptions de la justice organisationnelle sur l’OCB des employés ne se produisent pas bien dans un échantillon de travailleurs pakistanais tirés de diverses organisations au Pakistan. Ceci suggère que les explications de l'échange social en fonction de la justice-OCB ne s’appliquent pas complètement aux employés pakistanais au Pakistan. La justice distributive a montré des liens cohérents avec certains aspects de comportements de citoyenneté, la justice interactionnelle prédit deux dimensions de l’OCB mais la justice procédurale n'est pas liée à toutes les dimensions de l’OCB. Nos résultats ont montré que les perceptions des employés concernant leur définition du rôle de l’OCB sont associées aux comportements de l’OCB actuels. Les employés qui croient que OCB est une obligation de rôle sont enclins à s'engager dans le comportement considérant l'aspect important du travail et parce que les employés qui perçoivent l’OCB comme extra-rôle sont enclins à répondre à un traitement injuste perçu par réciprocité et diminuent les contributions à la citoyenneté. Nos résultats ont suggéré que si une relation proche existe entre les employés et l'organisation, le comportement de citoyenneté est plus susceptible de se produire. Pour les salariés qui ont une faible orientation sur l'individualisme/collectivisme, les perceptions de justice peuvent accroître le taux d'engagement des comportements de citoyenneté à travers la formulation de l'échange social. Les résultats ont été moins puissants pour la valeur culturelle de distance hiérarchiqueThis study explains the concept of Organizational Citizenship behavior (OCB) in Pakistani work context. Citizenship contributions comprise of those activities which are prosocial in nature and help in effectiveness and efficiency of organizations. Considering the job context, where individuals frequently confront pressures toward profit maximization and self-promotion, it is not surprising to expect that concerns about promoting the welfare of all for the sake of organizational effectiveness may be camouflaged. The workplace conditions place contradictory demands on employees towards both selfishness (e. G. , looking after one’s own welfare and interests) and selflessness (e. G. , giving of oneself for the common welfare of all workers). Therefore following questions need elaboration and some precise answers are necessary regarding ‘when will people go out of their way to help others and the organization in which they are employed?’ and ‘to what extent the organizational context or individual differences are responsible for promoting or discouraging such prosocial activities on the part of the workers?’Theoretical and empirical progress in the field of organizational justice and citizenship behavior suggested that citizenship contributions are forms of expression through which people might readily express their feelings of equity or inequity. The relationship of employee and organization established on the basis of exchange of fair treatment was termed as social exchange relationship. Such a relationship is believed to exist outside the formal contract; and the contributions expected from each party are usually unspecified. The social exchange relationship between justice and OCB has received overwhelming support in the organizational behavior literature. The first objective of our study is to replicate and test the generalizability of social exchange explanations in Pakistani work context. Secondly, we tried to identify certain factors which may act as boundary conditions for the functioning of social exchange relationships. Employees’ in a similar work context may have different value orientations and /or beliefs about their job duties, thus having different conceptions of required and extrarole aspects of their job. W hypothesized the moderating influences of individual cultural orientations (individualism/collectivism, & power distance) and employee role-definitions on social exchange relationship (justice – OCB). Our study participants were employees of private sector organizations. Matching questionnaires were distributed to supervisors and subordinates in each company. Our results showed that social exchange explanations of justice-OCB relationships do not replicate well in Pakistani work context, as we found the significant effect of only distributive justice on OCB dimensions, marginal effect of interactional justice while no effect of procedural justice was found. Individualism/collectivism was a stronger moderator of justice-OCB relationships as compared to power distance. The moderating effect of individualism/collectivism were significant for OCB dimensions of helping and sportsmanship, while moderating effect of power distance was found for compliance and sportsmanship dimensions of OCB. The individual cultural values were found as predictor of OCB role definitions (helping and civic virtue dimensions) in high justice conditions. The moderating role of OCB- role definitions was confirmed only for the effect of distributive justice on helping dimension of OCB. Generally, we can conclude that we found support for moderating influences of individual level cultural values and OCB role-definition on justice-OCB relationships
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Aslam, Monazza. "Gender and education in Pakistan". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439699.
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Rehman, Khaista. "Seismic hazard assessment in Pakistan". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539338.
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Lyon, Stephen M. "Power and patronage in Pakistan". Thesis, University of Kent, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369684.
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Akhtar, Mohammad Hanif. "Foreign direct investment in Pakistan". Thesis, University of Leeds, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365864.
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Raja, Iftikhar Ahmed. "Solar radiation assessment in Pakistan". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343245.
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Hina, Hadia. "Commercialisation of microfinance in Pakistan". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/28567.
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This study investigates the growing commercial focus of microfinance institutions in Pakistan. Specifically, the aim of the study is to examine the impact of commercialisation on microfinance institutions and their users or clients – micro borrowers. A selective review of the multidisciplinary literature on microfinance, its commercialisation and its context specifically in Pakistan is used to develop a conceptual framework for the thesis. The study uses mixed methods, where analysis of a series of interviews and focus group meetings is combined with quantitative data analysis to give deeper and more nuanced understanding of the consequences of microfinance’s commercialisation. Moreover, particular attention is given to important themes, including: outreach, profitability, mission, and the prevailing practices of microfinance institutions. The principal findings of the study indicate, firstly, that with increased commercialisation, microfinance institutions in Pakistan tend to confined to a few parts of the country, mostly urban; in particular microfinance tends not to reach rural areas where poverty is more widespread. Secondly, it is found that microfinance institutions and some of the borrowers employ unsavoury practices that exploit cultural norms. Finally, this study argues that commercialisation of microfinance has resulted in a negative impact not only on micro borrowers but also on commercial microfinance institutions themselves, which largely fail to achieve their stated objective of profitability and ‘sustainability’.
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Hasnain, Saher. "Food environments in Islamabad, Pakistan". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:10da5535-3e49-4a49-a3a9-908075ec886e.
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This dissertation examines how concerns about food system transformations affect how middle class consumers in Islamabad, Pakistan, perceive and approach food consumption in their everyday lives. The dissertation is situated in the context of risky food environments and food fears resulting from intensified, industrialised, and increasingly lengthened global food systems. Working within food geography and food environments paradigms, this dissertation explores how the transformation of food systems is associated with increasing anxiety about food security and safety for middle class urban consumers in Islamabad. Qualitative data gathered from semi-structured interviews and participant observation is used to illustrate the effects external influences, such as energy scarcity and violent events, have on everyday food environments. The dissertation examines the ways in which conceptualisations of 'good food', and trust relationships are negotiated in these dynamic food environments. The intensely geographical nature of these food environments and food systems, and the role of place-specific contexts on perceptions and adaptations related to food anxieties are emphasised. Situated in literatures on food anxiety and food consumption emerging from geography, food studies, and anthropology, this dissertation challenges dominant discourses on alternative and ethical consumption in a globalising food system. The results of this research not only contribute to literature on South Asia, but also contribute to consumption practices of a burgeoning middle class in developing countries.
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Loude, Jean-Yves, i Viviane Lièvre. "Ethnologie des Kalash du Pakistan". Paris 10, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA100120.
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Une reconstitution du tout de la société kalash du Pakistan et plus particulièrement une approche de sa pensée religieuse, à travers 3 ouvrages et 5 articles. Les kalash, 3000 pasteurs-agriculteurs, parlent une langue indo-aryenne et sont polythéistes dans un environnement musulman. 1980 : "kalash, les derniers 'infidèles' de l'hindu-kush" présente l'identité de kalash à partir de leur singularité religieuse. 1984 : "solstice païen, fêtes d'hiver chez les kalash du nord-Pakistan" est un récit ethnologique qui décrit et analyse les cérémonies d'alliance, les fêtes de prestige, les funérailles, et le scenario de la fête du solstice d'hiver. Il s'agit d'une étude de l'organisation sociale et politique, de la mise en évidence du concept de bipolarité pur impur et d'un éclairage de la pensée symbolique par l'analyse de récits chamaniques. 1990 : "le chamanisme des kalash du Pakistan - des montagnards polythéistes face à l'islam" est une étude du syncrétisme religieux des kalash : un héritage de valeurs indo-aryennes mélangé a des croyances autochtones liées a la chasse et au chamanisme, modifie par des influences musulmanes. Une analyse des fonctions remplies par une succession de chamanes qui, en état de transe, ont dicte la coutume, organise la vision du monde, répare désordres collectifs et individuels, agi en thérapeutes parfois. S'ajoute une approche comparative avec les pratiques chamaniques des sociétés voisines des kalash, à présent islamisées. Un article (1984) est consacré aux statues funéraires des kalash, éléments du culte des ancêtres ; un autre (1984) a une approche de la pensée des kalash à travers leur rapport mythique et sacre au monde animalA detailed examination of the kalash of Pakistan and in particular, their religious thought, via 3 studies and 4 articles. The kalash, 3000 goatherds and farmers, speak an Indo-Aryan language and are polytheists in a Muslim world. 1980: "kalash, the last pagans of the Hindukush" presents the kalash through their unique religion. 1984: "pagan solstice, winter festivals among the kalash in northern Pakistan" is an ethnological account which describes and analyses the alliance rituals, the feasts of merit, funerals and the scenario of the winter solstice festival. It is a study of social and political organization, an examination of the bipolar concept of pure impure as well as an insight into symbolic thought, through the analysis of the stories of the shamans. 1990: "shamanism among the kalash of Pakistan - polytheistic mountain people faced with Islam" is a study of kalash religious syncretism: inherited Indo-Aryan values, aboriginal beliefs linked with hunting and shamanism, modified by Muslim influences. An analysis of the roles of successive shamans who, in a trance, laid down custom and the way of the world; smoothed over the problems both of individuals and groups, sometimes acting as healers. The study includes a comparison with the shamanism of neighboring groups, converts to Islam. An article (1984) is devoted to the funerary statues of the kalash, an element in their ancestor cult. Another article (1984) considers kalash thought through the mythical and sacred relationship with the animal world
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Shafique, Naseer Ahmed. "Spatial Biostratigraphy of NW Pakistan". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami991186162.
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Safdar, Naveed. "Internal security threats to Pakistan". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Dec%5FSafdar.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Security Building in Post-Conflict Environments))--Naval Postgraduate School, Dec. 2004.Thesis advisor(s): Robert E. Looney, Feroz Hassan Khan. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.
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Rasheed, Syed Basit. "Dengue vector dynamics in Pakistan". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2264/.
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During the last few year dengue has become an emerging vector borne disease in Pakistan. Aedes aegypti once considered eradicated from almost whole of Pakistan was again collected from 13 different cities. This mosquito has not only started reinvading its previously occupied areas (Karachi, Peshawar and Lahore) but is also spreading to new areas where it was not present before (Attock, Haripur, Hasanabdal, Taxilla, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Sheikhupura, Faisalabad, Multan and Hyderabad). This mosquito is breeding in almost all types of artificial containers especially in tyres. Though this mosquito is mostly using outdoors containers for ovipositon but was also found breeding indoors in household. Eleven microsatellite markers were used to determine the genetic population structure of Aedes aegypti in Pakistan using mosquitoes collected from 13 different cities. There appears to be a single population of this mosquito in Pakistan with a pattern of isolation by distance rather than distinct sub-populations. The large scale of isolation by distance suggests long range passive dispersal which may be facilitated by the tyre trade in Pakistan. A decrease in genetic diversity from north to south suggests a recent spread of this mosquito from Karachi. A strong negative correlation between genetic distance and quality of road connections between cities suggests human-aided passive dispersal of Ae. aegypti in Pakistan. Dengue detection in mosquitoes collected from different areas of Pakistan with special reference to tyres shows that vertical transmission is not playing any significant role in the maintenance of dengue virus in mosquito of population. Absence of virus in larvae collected from tyres suggest that though tyres are playing important role in the spread of vector mosquito in Pakistan but its not playing any role in the spread of dengue virus in the study area. The long-range dispersal of Aedes aegypti in Pakistan could facilitate the strategy of introducing transgenic Aedes aegypti or an intracellular bacterium, like the endosymbiotic Wolbachia, for controlling the population of this dengue vector in Pakistan.
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Ali, Syed Mubashir. "Family size preferences in Pakistan". Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/123343.
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In this study, an attempt is made to investigate and identify the
most important predictors of family size preferences in Pakistan. The
analysis is based on cross-sectional data of 9416 currently married
women under age 50 from a national survey in 1979-80.
The findings of the analysis suggest that having sons in the
family was the principal predictor, particularly for desired family
size and desire for future births. Wife's education was another
important variable whose effect on family size preferences remained the
least influenced by other variables.
Overall, family size preferences were quite large in Pakistan and
the levels did not vary greatly between urban and rural areas. There
are indications that family size preferences were modified in view of
the actual fertility experience.
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Naseem, Muhammad Ayaz. "Education, the state and subject constitution of gendered subjectivities inthrough school curricula in Pakistan : a post-structuralist analysis of social studies and Urdu textbooks for grades I-VIII". Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85025.
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In this study I challenge the uncritical use of the long held dictum of the development discourse that education empowers women. From a post-structuralist feminist position I show that in its current state the educational discourse in Pakistan actually disempowers women. This discourse constitutes gendered identities and positions them in a way that exacerbates and intensifies inequalities between men and women. Gendered constitution and positioning of subjects also regulates the relationship between the subjects and the state in such a way that women and minorities are excluded from the citizenship realm.Educational discourse in Pakistan is the premier site where meanings of signs such as woman, man, mother, father, patriot, nationalist, etc., are gendered and fixed. It also provides the techniques of discipline and surveillance for naturalization of meaning and normalization of subjects. Urdu and social studies curricula and textbooks for classes 1-8 and 3-8 respectively constitute subjects and subjectivities and relations among them by means such as inclusion and exclusion from the text, hierarchization of the meanings ascribed to the subjects, normalization of the ascribed meanings (so that subjects stop questioning the meaning fixation), totalization (where all theoretical and explanatory differences are obfuscated), and classification of subjects in terms of binary opposites where one is superior to the other.
As a result of such gendered subjectivity constitution and subject positioning, women in Pakistan have been subjected to the worst kind of social, political, economic and juridical discrimination. However, Pakistani women have refused to be passive victims. They have used their agency to put up a spirited resistance against the unequal citizenship status and rights resulting from the gendered subjectivity constitution and subject positioning. In order to make education more meaningful and empowering for the women of Pakistan it is imperative that both women's groups as well as the educational policy makers understand the working and dynamics of the educational discourse in conjunction with the judicial and economic discourses and those of the state and the media. It is only from within the discourses that a change can be brought about.