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Ramdani, Diky, Ken Ratu Gharizah Alhuur, Farah Lasti Utami, Kevin Immanuel, Aulia Sabrina Faisal Bermani, Ratu Asyfa, Zalfa Hasna Nadhira, Diny Putri Istiqomah, Muhammad Farhan Ardi Wiguna i Muhammad Arkan Lamiday. "PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN JERAMI PADI DIFERMENTASI UNTUK PAKAN DOMBA DI KABUPATEN GARUT". Farmers: Journal of Community Services 3, nr 1 (5.02.2022): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/fjcs.v3i1.37716.
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Kuliah Kerja Nyata Program (KKN) on the manufacture of fermented paddy straw for sheep was carried out using a mixed method, namely through webinar media and conducting direct surveys to the field. The place where fermented paddy straws are made at Paddy Farm which is located in Panerusan Village, Tanjung Kemuning Village, Tarogong Kaler District, Garut Regency. As for the webinar, it will be carried out through the media zoom which will be held on August 7, 2021, with a total committee of eight people. Indonesia is one of the countries that has a large area of rice fields, so the availability of paddy straw resources is also abundant. This can be exploited by using paddy straw as an alternative material for sheep feed. However, paddy straw has low palatability and nutrient quality. Fermentation will greatly help to improve the quality and palatability of paddy straw. The procedure for making fermented paddy straw is delivered through webinars and videos uploaded on the Youtube application. Sheep farmers can see the procedure for making fermented paddy straw through the media.
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Sitaula, Hom Prasad, Roshan Dhakal, Geetesh DC i Dharmendra Kalauni. "Effect of Various Substrates on Growth and Yield Performance of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) in Chitwan, Nepal". International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 6, nr 3 (1.10.2018): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v6i3.20859.
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An experiment was conducted at Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal to find out the growth and yield performance of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) in Completely Randomized Design (CRD).The treatment includes the four different substrate i.e. paddy straw (100%), maize cob+ paddy straw (1:1), sugarcane bagasses+paddy straw (1:1) and sawdust+ paddy straw (1:1). The parameters taken for the observation during the experiment were colonization period, fruit initiation period, length of stalk, diameter of stalk, diameter of pileus, fresh weight of the first and second flush of mushroom and also the biological efficiency (BE) of various substrates. Among the used substrates, the time for colonization and fruit initiation was found to be shorter in case of the paddy straw i.e.18.25 days and 21.75 days respectively. However, the length of stalk was highest in sugarcane bagasses+paddy straw (1:1) i.e.6.10 cm, but the diameter of stalk and pileus were highest in paddy straw i.e.0.80 cm and 7.90 cm respectively. Similarly, the biological efficiency was found to be highest in case of the paddy straw (96.29688%) followed by maize cob+paddy straw (1:1), sugarcane bagasses+ paddy straw (1:1) and sawdust+ paddy straw (1:1) respectively.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(3): 215-219
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Phutela, Urmila Gupta, Karamjeet Kaur, Madhurama Gangwar i NK Khullar. "Effect of Pleurotus florida on paddy straw digestibility and biogas production". International Journal of Life Sciences 6, nr 1 (28.05.2012): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v6i1.5550.
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Biogas production from paddy straw offers a great potential as an alternative to fossilfuels. But, lignin and silica adversely affect the efficient utilization of paddy straw. Henceforth, the potential of biological pretreatment of paddy straw by a lignocellulolytic fungus, Pleurotus florida was investigated whereby the straw was inoculated with different spore concentrations of Pleurotus florida for different durations. Biodegradability of paddy straw was determined at different incubation periods and the selected pretreatment was further used for biogas production studies. An incubation period of 30 days was found to be the optimum pretreatment period in enhancing paddy straw digestibility with 19.3% increase in cellulose and 55.1% decrease in lignin. The biologically degraded paddy straw resulted in 15.4% increase in biogas production than that of the untreated paddy straw. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v6i1.5550
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Sharma, Neetu, Jagjeet Singh, Bijender Singh i Vinay Malik. "Improving the Agronomic Value of Paddy Straw Using Trichoderma harzianum, Eisenia fetida and Cow Dung". Fermentation 9, nr 7 (17.07.2023): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9070671.
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The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of inoculation of Trichoderma harzianum, Eisenia fetida and cow dung on the physicochemical quality of paddy straw composting which was carried out for 90 days. The different treatment groups were Paddy straw (T0), Paddy straw + Cow dung (T1), Paddy straw + Cow dung + Eisenia fetida (T2), Paddy straw + Cow dung + Trichoderma harzianum (T3), Paddy straw + Cow dung + Eisenia fetida + Trichoderma harzianum (T4). The ratio of cow dung and paddy straw was 2:1. Among all treatments, T4 was identified as the best treatment for decomposing the paddy straw as it recovered the nutrients within the recommended levels of a high-quality product. The consortium of Trichoderma harzianum, Eisenia fetida and cow dung lowered the total organic carbon (TOC) and C:N ratio by 28.8% and 33.1%, respectively, at pH 6.5. The increase in N (0.87%), P (0.47%), K (2.66%), Ca (0.033%), Mg (0.056%) and Na (0.42%) was significant in T4 treatment. The micronutrients, namely Cu (47.9 ppm), Fe (1128 ppm) and Zn (500 ppm), also showed a significant increase in this treatment, i.e., T4. Therefore, results suggested that combinatorial composting by Trichoderma harzianum, Eisenia fetida and cow dung is quite promising in the decomposition of paddy straw to obtain quality compost in a short time. Furthermore, this study will help in the sustainable management of paddy straw with concomitant reduction inenvironmental pollution caused by the open burning of paddy straw.
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Sharma, Amandeep, Mohit Singh, M. K. Rana, Pooja, Ridhima Arya, Nimit Kumar, Abhivyakti, Manmohan Mittal i Pooja Rani. "Paddy Straw Management Practices". Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29, nr 02 (2023): 885–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02.057.
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Paddy straw is one of the organic materials and natural residues obtained from the paddy crop. It is the third largest crop remanant obtained from the agriculture after sugarcane bagasse and maize straw. Storage of the surplus paddy straw, removal of entire straw from the field and very little time between the cultivation of the next crop are the major issues associated with paddy straw. Thus, stubble burning is a quickest, cheapest and easiest way to prepare field for the next crop. Burning of paddy straw results in extensive impact on both on and off farm, e.g., killing of useful microflora and fauna of the soil, losses of soil organic matter and contribution to harmful greenhouse gases including their harmful effects on human and animal health. Therefore, paddy straw burning is a major issue of environmental pollution also. Hence, need of the hour is to provide environment friendly alternatives to paddy straw instead of burning in open field. Paddy straw can be used as a source of energy, mulching material, biofuel, industrial raw material, fodder for animals, etc.
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Bhadauria, Ankit Singh, i V. K. Tripathi. "Effect of Bio-enhancers and Bio-Fertilizers on Growth and Quality of Mango cv. Amrapali under Sub-tropical Plains of Central Uttar Pradesh, India". International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, nr 19 (1.09.2023): 1260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i193665.
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A Field experiment was conducted in the Garden of Department of Horticulture, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U.P.) during 2020-2021. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with seven treatments i.e., FYM (25 kg/tree/year) + Organic mulch (Paddy straw) i.e., Control, FYM (25 kg/tree/year) + Organic mulch (Paddy straw) + Amritpani (20%) + Azotobacter (100g/tree), FYM (25 kg/tree/year) + Organic mulch (Paddy straw) + Panchagavya (3%) + Azotobacter (100g/tree), FYM (25 kg/tree/year) + Organic mulch (Paddy straw) + Jivamrit (20%) + Azotobacter (100g/tree), FYM (25 kg/tree/year) + Organic mulch (Paddy straw) + Amritpani (20%) + PSB culture (100g/tree), FYM (25 kg/tree/year) + Organic mulch (Paddy straw) + Panchagavya (3%) + PSB culture (100g/tree), FYM (25 kg/tree/year) + Organic mulch (Paddy straw) + Jivamrit (20%) + PSB culture (100g/tree) which were replicated thrice using one plant as a unit per treatment. The mango cultivar “Amrapali” was treated with different organic materials like farm yard manure, organic mulch (Paddy straw), Azotobacter, PSB culture, Panchagavya (3%), Jivamrit (20%) and Amritpani (20%) respectively and compared with the control.
The experimental results revealed that plants treated with the application of FYM (25 kg/tree/year) + Organic mulch (Paddy straw) + Panchagavya (3%) + Azotobacter (100g/tree) recorded a significantly higher number of leaves per shoot, number of inflorescence per branch, maximum TSS, total sugar content, sugar: acid ratio and is at par with application of FYM (25 kg/tree/year) + Organic mulch (Paddy straw) + Panchagavya (3%) + PSB culture (100g/tree) (14.67) and FYM (25 kg/tree/year) + Organic mulch (Paddy straw) + Jivamrit (20%) + Azotobacter (100g/tree). Thus, on the basis of the above observations, this can be suggested that for getting substantially more vegetative growth and quality fruits, the application of FYM (25 kg/tree/year) + Organic mulch (Paddy straw) + Panchagavya (3%) + Azotobacter (100g/tree) should be made under the sub-tropical plains of Central Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Gupta, Rajeev Kumar, Jagroop Kaur, Jasjit Singh Kang, Harmeet Singh, Sukhveer Kaur, Samy Sayed, Ahmed Gaber i Akbar Hossain. "Tillage in Combination with Rice Straw Retention in a Rice–Wheat System Improves the Productivity and Quality of Wheat Grain through Improving the Soil Physio-Chemical Properties". Land 11, nr 10 (30.09.2022): 1693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11101693.
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In order to study the contribution of long-term tillage and rice straw management practices on wheat yield and soil properties in a rice–wheat system, a field study was conducted with seven main plot treatments as straw management practices, i.e., puddled transplanted rice + zero till drill sown wheat without paddy and wheat straw (R1), puddled transplanted rice + conventional tillage sown wheat without paddy and wheat straw (R2), puddled transplanted paddy without wheat straw + zero till wheat sown with Happy Seeder with paddy straw as mulch (R3), puddled transplanted rice without wheat straw+ conventional tillage sown wheat after paddy straw incorporation with disc harrow (R4), puddled transplanted rice without wheat straw + zero till sown wheat after paddy straw incorporation with rotavator (R5), puddled transplanted rice with wheat straw + zero till sown wheat with Happy Seeder with paddy straw as mulch (R6), puddled transplanted rice + zero till drill sown wheat after partial burning of wheat and paddy straw (R7) and three subplot treatments, i.e., nitrogen (N) levels (100, 125 and 150 kg ha−1), in a rice–wheat system-cropping system during 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 in a split plot experiment. Among different treatments, the straw management practices significantly influenced yield and yield attributes as well as the nutrient availability in soil. The application of 100 kg N ha−1 resulted in a significantly higher partial factor productivity (PFPN) of N over other levels of N application. The reduction in wheat yields obtained with conventional sowing of wheat without straw/straw burning/removal cannot be compensated even with an additional 50 kg N ha−1 to that obtained with straw retention or incorporation. In addition to saving N, crop residue recycling also helped to improve soil properties, grain quality, profitability, and air quality considerably.
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Kaur, K., R. K. Dubey i M. S. Bhullar. "Effect of integrated weed management on weed dynamics in rose". Journal of Applied Horticulture 23, nr 03 (25.12.2021): 344–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37855/jah.2021.v23i03.62.
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An experiment was directed to assess the effect of integrated weed management practices on weed density and dry biomass in rose cv. Gruss-en-Tepltiz by using treatments paddy straw mulch 0.6 kg/m2, paddy straw mulch 1.2 kg/m2, oxyfluorfen 0.025 g/m2, oxyfluorfen 0.025 g/m2 + paddy straw mulch 0.6 kg/m2, oxyfluorfen 0.025 g/m2 + paddy straw mulch 1.2 kg/m2, hand weeding (at monthly interval) and unweeded control. The least value of weed count of diverse species was recorded in hand weeding closely followed by oxyfluorfen 0.025 g/m2 + paddy straw mulch 1.2 kg/m2. Dry biomass of weeds and weed control efficiency was also marked to be lowest in hand weeding followed by oxyfluorfen 0.025 g/m2 + paddy straw mulch 1.2 kg/m2. Since hand weeding is costly, tedious, laborious, and if not done legitimately, harms the plant and root system, the result of the study advocated using oxyfluorfen in combination with paddy straw mulch at a rate of 1.2 kg/m2 for effectively reducing weed growth
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Kumar, Vinod, Nishant Chaudhary, Yadvika K. i YK Yadav. "Production and characterization of briquettes made from rice straw and sawdust under high pressure and high temperature conditions". Environment Conservation Journal 24, nr 2 (7.03.2023): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.12992370.
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Briquettes offer good value in terms of energy density. Briquetting of sawdust with paddy straw is a ray of hope for paddy straw waste utilization, which has been a burning issue in India for a long time. A commercial briquetting machine was used to make briquettes of sawdust with paddy straw in two different forms—shredded and chopped, in different ratios, separately. The ratio of paddy straw in briquettes was increased until the produced briquettes had an acceptable firmness. The maximum ratio of shredded paddy straw for which briquetting was possible was 40:60 with sawdust, whereas for chopped paddy straw it was 60:40 with sawdust. The briquettes were then analysed for different properties to assess their quality and durability. The shatter index of shredded straw briquettes and chopped straw briquettes varied from 0.10–10.12% and 0.26–4.54%, respectively. The friability index of shredded straw briquettes was in the range of 93.54-99.85%, whereas for chopped straw briquettes it was in the range of 89.89-99.90%. The volatile matter of shredded straw briquettes ranged from 79.60-83.89%, whereas for chopped straw briquettes it ranged from 76.69-86.07 %. The ash content of shredded straw briquettes was in the range of 9.83-13.07%, whereas for chopped straw briquettes, it was in the range of 6.60-16.44%. The fixed carbon content of shredded straw briquettes varied from 0.09 to 0.87%, whereas for chopped straw briquettes it varied from 0.11 to 0.59%. The results suggested that the densification experiments were successful and the briquettes produced were of good quality
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ZHANG, Z. Y., Z. T. ZHENG, G. Y. ZHU, X. Y. YU, D. L. WANG i X. J. LIU. "Validation of analytical method and evaluation of clothianidin residues in rice in a typical Chinese field ecosystem". Journal of Agricultural Science 155, nr 9 (25.10.2017): 1371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859617000491.
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SUMMARYA liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method for determination of clothianidin in brown rice, straw, rice hull, paddy water and paddy sediment was developed and residue levels were determined in the different components. The limit of quantification was set at 0·01 mg/kg for the matrices studied. Clothianidin degradation in straw, paddy water and soil was studied, and clothianidin residues in brown rice, straw, hull and paddy soil were determined. Concurrent recoveries were between 85·6 and 92·5%, with relative standard deviations ranging from 1·3 to 6·8% at three fortification levels between 0·01 and 5·0 mg/kg. The half-lives in straw, paddy water and paddy sediment were found to be 1·9–4·9, 4·1–5·0 and 4·9–6·3 days, respectively. The maximum residues in brown rice, straw, hull and paddy soil samples were 0·38, 1·88, 1·38 and 0·14 mg/kg, respectively.
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Bhadauria, Ankit Singh, i V. K. Tripathi. "Fruit Characteristics and Yield of Mango cv. Amrapali as Influenced by Bio-enhancers and Bio-fertilizers". International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, nr 10 (1.09.2023): 1973–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i102855.
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To study the “Fruit Characteristics and Yield of Mango cv. Amrapali as Influenced by Bio-enhancers and Bio-fertilizers” a field experiment was conducted in the Garden, Department of Horticulture, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U.P.) during 2020-2021. The experiment consists of seven treatments i.e., FYM (25 kg/tree/year) + Organic mulch (Paddy straw) i.e., Control, FYM (25 kg/tree/year) + Organic mulch (Paddy straw) + Amritpani (20%) + Azotobacter (100 g/tree), FYM (25 kg/tree/year) + Organic mulch (Paddy straw) + Panchagavya (3%) + Azotobacter (100 g/tree), FYM (25 kg/tree/year) + Organic mulch (Paddy straw) + Jivamrit (20%) + Azotobacter (100 g/tree), FYM (25 kg/tree/year) + Organic mulch (Paddy straw) + Amritpani (20%) + PSB culture (100 g/tree), FYM (25 kg/tree/year) + Organic mulch (Paddy straw) + Panchagavya (3%) + PSB culture (100 g/tree), FYM (25 kg/tree/year) + Organic mulch (Paddy straw) + Jivamrit (20%) + PSB culture (100 g/tree) which were replicated thrice in randomized block design by using one plant as a unit per treatment. The application of different bio-enhancers and bio-fertilizers to mango plant was made as per the requirement of the treatment. The experimental results clearly revealed that the plants treated with the application of FYM (25 kg/tree/year) + Organic mulch (Paddy straw) + Panchagavya (3%) + Azotobacter (100g/tree) produced fruits with significantly higher length, width, weight, volume, pulp weight, pulp:peel ratio with more yield. However, the fruit with minimum fruit length, width, weight, volume, pulp weight, pulp:peel ratio, and yield were recorded from the plants treated with the application of FYM (25 kg/tree/year) + Organic mulch (Paddy straw) i.e., Control. Thus, on the basis of the above observations, this can be suggested that the application of FYM (25 kg/tree/year) + Organic mulch (Paddy straw) + Panchagavya (3%) + Azotobacter (100 g/tree) were effective for substantially higher physical fruit characteristics and yield under the sub-tropical plains of Central Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Chakraborty, Bishwanath, Usha Chakraborty, Shibu Barman i Somnath Roy. "Effect of different substrates and casing materials on growth and yield of Calocybe indica (P&C) in North Bengal, India". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, nr 2 (1.06.2016): 683–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i2.858.
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Cultivation of Calocybe indica was undertaken with locally available substrates viz. paddy straw, maize stalk waste, bamboo leaves and young coconut fibre alone and various combinations with paddy straw + maize stalk (1:1 v/v), paddy straw+ saw dust (1:1 v/v), and paddy straw+ saw dust (1:2 v/v)and different casing materials suchas vermicompost, soil+ sand (1:1v/v), dried saw dust, hard paper (wet condition) and combination of tea waste+soil+ sand, saw dust +sand (1:1 v/v), tea waste+ sand (1:1 v/v) in paddy straw cultivating condition. Among the substrates, paddy straw was the best with 196.12 % biological efficiency (BE) followed by different substrate combinations but the bamboo leaves alone was recorded as substrate with lowest potential (84%) for cultivation. As casing material the spent mushroom compost (SMC) of Agaricus bisporus resulted in the highest biological efficiency (207%) followed by soil+ sand (196%), sand +saw dust (163%) but combination of tea waste+ soil + sand was inferior (151%). Saw dust gave the lowest (96.8%) biological efficiency. In conclusion the maximum biological efficiency of C. indica can be obtained by using paddy straw as a substrate encased with spent compost of button mushroom.
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S, KALEEMULLAH. "Thermogravimetric anlysis of paddy straw". Madras Agricultural Journal 88, December (2001): 582–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a00377.
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Results of the studies on thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of raw and IN HCI acid treated ground paddy straw revealed that thermal degradation takes place in three main stages of mass loss, namely (1) removal of moisture (2) removal of volatile matter and (3) oxidation of fixed carbon. The rate of removal of volatile matter was faster in the untreated sample than that in the acid treated sample. But the rate of removal of fixed carbon was faster in acid treated paddy straw than that untreated paddy straw. Temperatures of above 340 and 3750C are required to remove fixed carbon from raw and IN HCI treated paddy straw to get amorphous silica. Hydrochloric acid leaching of paddy straw at 750C for one hour prior to combustion is necessary for production of ash of milky white colour.
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Praptiningsih, Yhulia, Niken Widya Palupi, Triana Lindriati i Inna Manikam Wahyudi. "SIFAT-SIFAT SEASONING ALAMI JAMUR MERANG (Volvariella volvaceae) TERFERMENTASI MENGGUNAKAN TAPIOKA TEROKSIDASI SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGISI". JURNAL AGROTEKNOLOGI 11, nr 1 (2.10.2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/j-agt.v11i1.5432.
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The paddy straw mushroom can be make natural seasoning, because it has content of protein 17.01 % (db) which completely of amino acids composition,high content of glutamic acid and aspartic acid. Producing of natural seasoning from paddy straw mushrooms which has along life storage, practice and flexible, it is need of salted fermentation to hydrolyze of mushrooms protein. The aim of this research was to reach of the appropriate proportion of salted fermented paddy straw mushrooms and oxidized tapioca as a filler to produce the good properties and high preference of fermented paddy straw mushrooms seasoning. The yield of this research showed that the good treatment was the proportion of salted fermented paddy straw mushrooms and oxidized tapioca 75:25. The seasoning had the moisture content 14.1 %, total protein 17.98% (db), soluble protein 4.51 % (db), brightness 61.55, solubility 8.22 seconds, the preference score of colour 3.28 (rather like until like), aroma 2.92 (little like until rather like), taste 3.06 (little like until rather like), and overall 3 (rather like).
Keywords: natural seasoning, fermented paddy straw mushrooms, oxidized tapioca, filler
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Pandey, Prabhat Ranjan, S. P. Singh, B. P. Dhyani, Yogesh Kumar, Adesh Singh, Ashok Kumar i Suneel Kumar. "Impact of Different Nutrient Management Practices on the Nutrient Dynamics of Wheat Crop in Western Uttar Pradesh, India". International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, nr 19 (22.08.2023): 560–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i193585.
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The field experiment was conduct at Crop Research Center of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, (U.P.) during winter season of 2021-22 and 2022.The Experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replication and seven treatments i.e. T1: Control, T2: 100% NPK (150, 75, 60), T3: 75% NPK+ FYM @ 7.5 t ha-1, T4: 75% NPK + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1, T5: 100% NPK + Paddy straw @ 2.0 t ha-1, T6: 100% NPK + Paddy straw @ 2.0 t ha-1 + Pusa Decomposer @ 20 lit. ha-1, T7: 100% NPK + Paddy straw @ 2.0 t ha-1 + Vermicompost @ 1.0 t ha-1. Various growth and yield characteristics were observed and statistically analyzed. The absorption of wheat grain and straw as well as the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content were greatly enhanced by the addition of 100% NPK + Paddy straw @ 2.0 t/ ha-1 + Vermicompost @ 1.0 t/ ha-1 over both years. The increased fertilizer levels resulted in a significant increase in the nutritional content and uptake in plants. The nutrient content and uptake in wheat grain and straw increased significantly over control plots when 100% NPK + Paddy straw @ 2.0 t/ha + Vermicompost @ 1.0 t/ha was applied, but it was on par with 100% NPK + Paddy straw @ 2.0 t/ha + Pusa Decomposer @ 20 lit./ha.
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Abduh, Andin Muhammad, i Wahida Annisa. "Interaction of Paddy Varieties and Compost with Flux of Methane in Tidal Swampland". Journal of Tropical Soils 21, nr 3 (27.02.2017): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2016.v21i3.179-186.
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Varieties and organic materials have a very important role to the flux of methane (CH4) on paddy cultivation, especially on wetlands. Purpose of this research to determine the amount of methane emissions that released from paddy cultivation in acid sulphate soils with the use of different varieties and paddy straw composting. Acid sulfate soil samples taken Experimental Farm Swampland Agricultural Research Center (BALITTRA), Tanjung Harapan, District Alalak, Barito Kuala, South Kalimantan. This research uses Randomized Complete Design of two factors. The first factor is the use of paddy varieties and the second factor is the use of paddy straw compost. Research shows that there is a very real interaction between the two factors. Treatment varieties Inpara 3 + without paddy straw compost releases CH4 flux most low at 0,030 mg.m-2.day-1, while treatment Inpari 30 + paddy straw compost 5 Mg. ha-1 release most CH4 flux is 0.571 mg. m-2.day-1.
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Abduh, Andin Muhammad, i Wahida Annisa. "Interaction of Paddy Varieties and Compost with Flux of Methane in Tidal Swampland". JURNAL TANAH TROPIKA (JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS) 21, nr 3 (27.02.2017): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.v21i3.2206.
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Varieties and organic materials have a very important role to the flux of methane (CH4) on paddy cultivation, especially on wetlands. Purpose of this research to determine the amount of methane emissions that released from paddy cultivation in acid sulphate soils with the use of different varieties and paddy straw composting. Acid sulfate soil samples taken Experimental Farm Swampland Agricultural Research Center (BALITTRA), Tanjung Harapan, District Alalak, Barito Kuala, South Kalimantan. This research uses Randomized Complete Design of two factors. The first factor is the use of paddy varieties and the second factor is the use of paddy straw compost. Research shows that there is a very real interaction between the two factors. Treatment varieties Inpara 3 + without paddy straw compost releases CH4 flux most low at 0,030 mg.m-2.day-1, while treatment Inpari 30 + paddy straw compost 5 Mg. ha-1 release most CH4 flux is 0.571 mg. m-2.day-1.
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Safitry, Meilya Ramadhiana, i Juang Gema Kartika. "Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Buncis Tegak (Phaseolus vulgaris) pada beberapa Kombinasi Media Tanam Organik". Buletin Agrohorti 1, nr 1 (11.01.2013): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/agrob.1.1.94-103.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">Media selection is one of important factor for the growth and production of erected kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.). Utilization the waste media of white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) and waste media of paddy straw mushroom (Volvariella volvaceae), cow manure, and rice husk as plant growth media for kidney bean can be used for optimizing the utilization of local resources and minimizing environmental damage as well as to support the codification of GAP (Good Agricultural Practices) of kidney bean. The research was done from February until October 2011 in experiment field at Leuwikopo, IPB, Bogor. The experiment consisted of one factor and arranged in Randomized Complete Design with thirteen combinations from five kinds of <br />organic media component, they were soil, waste media of white oyster mushroom, waste media of paddy straw mushroom, cow manure, and rice husk with 1:1 ratio (v/v). The kidney bean showed good responses to the combination media treatment of cow manure, combination of soil and waste media of paddy straw mushroom, combination of soil, waste media of paddy straw mushroom, and cow manure, and combination of soil, waste media of paddy straw mushroom, cow manure, and rice husk. How ever the best result of kidney bean production was given from waste media of paddy straw mushroom treatment.</p><p>Keyword: erected kidney bean, plant growth media, waste media of paddy straw mushroom, co w manure</p>
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Khaliq, Nazia, Nasir A. Khan, Nazir Javed i Amjad S. Gondal. "Production Efficiency of Different Strains of Pleurotus ostreatus Using Various Cellulosic Agro-Wastes". International Journal of Phytopathology 2, nr 1 (15.04.2013): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.002.01.0053.
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Different local strains of Oyster mushroom were evaluated using different cellulosic agro-wastes including cotton waste, paddy straw and wheat straw for mycelial growth, spawn running and production efficiency of different strains of Pleurotus ostreatsus. Maximum production efficiency of P. Sajur caju was observed (195.9%) on wheat straw while minimum production efficiency was recorded (132.1%) on paddy straw followed by cotton waste where the production efficiency was 107.9%. P. ostreatus (white strain) showed maximum production efficiency (113.7%) on wheat straw and minimum (88.8%) on cotton waste. While the production efficiency of P. ostreatus (gray strain) was almost same on cotton waste and wheat straw but greater than paddy straw (128.3%). The Overall performance of P. Ostreatus (gray strain) remained best during its cultivation.
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Yang, Xin Chun, i H. J. Wang. "Design of Straw Reuse & Soil Levelling Compound Machine in Paddy Field". Key Engineering Materials 458 (grudzień 2010): 386–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.458.386.
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The parameters of paddy field straw reuse and leveling machine, such as the rotating angle of leveling board, the force and placement angle of the ascend cylinder, were optimized in design. The machine integrated the function of rotary tilling, breaking soil, cutting straw, burying straw and leveling soil. It is applied to leveling soil and returning straw to field in paddy field mechanized harvest, and it has many merits such as small working resistance, good burying straw, and leveling soil effect etc. Experiment shows that it can directly return straw such as rice straw, wheat straw, and high stubble to field in one time. It has strong ability to carry soil and slurry with no interference. It ascends freely, and acts to respond quickly. It integrates three processes such as cutting straw, breaking soil and leveling soil, which is an efficient technology to return straw in paddy field.
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Chendrashekhara, Sangmesh, Lokesh G. B, Suresh S. Patila i H. Lokeshaa. "Factors Influencing the Adoption of Paddy Straw Management Practices by Farmers of Karnataka (India)". Current Agriculture Research Journal 6, nr 2 (24.08.2018): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.6.2.13.
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Rice occupies a pivotal place in Indian agriculture and it contributes about 13 per cent of annual agriculture GDP and provides 43 per cent calorie requirement for more than 70 per cent of Indian population. This study was conducted in Thungabhadra area of Karnataka and it is also called as ‘Rice Bowl of Karnataka’, since it occupies nearly 65 per cent of total (3.63 lakh ha) area of paddy in Karnataka. In this area, paddy-paddy system is the predominant cropping system. Paddy crop residues include any biomass left in the field after grains and other economic components have been harvested. Crop residues are also a principal source of carbon, which constitutes about 40 per cent of the total biomass on dry weight basis. Crop residues were considered as precious commodity because it can be used as a feed for the fodder and mulching for various crops and must never be considered as waste. The paddy residues are typically burnt on-farm across different regions of this area. The problem is more severe in the head and mid region of this area, particularly in the mechanized harvesting in paddy-paddy cropping system. There are four methods of residue management practices, these are as removal of straw and burning of stubble, burning of straw and stubble, removal of straw and incorporation of stubble and incorporation of straw and stubble among, which removal of straw and burning of stubble (42.45 %) is the major one. The main reasons for burning of residues are low cost and labour scarcity. Total cost of cultivation of paddy per acre was found to be marginally lower burning of straw and stubbles method as compared (₹ 38411/acre) to incorporating straw and stubbles (₹ 41845/acre) method.
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P Sihan, A Kumar, S Singh, KK Yadav, R Kumar, A Malik i A Kumar. "Adoption of paddy straw management techniques in Haryana: Effective approach on environmental conservation". Journal of Agriculture and Ecology 16 (27.07.2023): 48–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.58628/jae-2316-210.
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Crop residue burning directly contributes to environmental pollution and releases 149.24 million tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2), over 9 million tonnes of carbon monoxide (CO), 0.25 million tonnes of oxides of sulphur (SOX), 1.28 million tonnes of particulate matter and 0.07 million tonnes of black carbon. The burning of paddy straw results in extensive impacts both on and off farm, e.g. losses in soil organic matter, soil nutrients, production and productivity, air quality, biodiversity, water and energy efficiency and on human and animal health. In India, being a largest producer of rice as well as of its residue, the effects from residue burning are more severe (Yadav, R.S.2019). There are diverse set of productive techniques for paddy straw management that can be utilised such as composting, straw as a ruminant fodder, incorporated in the soil, gasification, bailing, mushroom farming, production of bio-fuel, recycling in soil, packing material and bio-char production (Pathaket al., 2010). The study on ‘Knowledge and Adoption of Paddy Straw Management Techniques in Haryana’ was conducted with following specific objectives of knowledge, adoption and constraints by the farmer in adoption of paddy straw management techniques. Majority (75 %) of the farmers were having low level of adoption regarding Paddy Straw Management Techniques. Whereas full (100%) adoption of paddy straw as animal fodder got Ist rank followed by domestic purpose got rank 2nd. The respondents had a greater level of acceptance adoption of Spreader/Shrub Master with weighted mean score of 0.95 got rank 1st.
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Verma, Aman, i Tarun Sharma. "Experimental Study of the Strength Aspects of Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks using Marble Dust, Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and Paddy Straw Fiber". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 889, nr 1 (1.11.2021): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/889/1/012025.
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Abstract The world is facing pollution crises and these cries are due to improper disposal of waste material. This materials are Rice husk ash, bagasseash, waste marble powder, remanings of grains like rice starw and many more. Some of the waste materials can easily be disposable in the construction industry by using them in the concrete or in any other construction material. This paper deals with this waste material to be utilized in the compressed earth blocks. To study the mechanical properties of compressed soil blocks prepared by a combination of various ratios of Marble powder, paddy Straw Fiber and Sugarcane bagasse ash, the compression test, and water absorption test was performed. The marble powder is introduced in the manner to replace soil by 25%, 35%% and 45 %. Paddy Starws fibers are introducedby the replacement percentage of.6%,.8%and 1% whereas the bagasse ash is been introduced in the manner of 8%,10% and 12%This various test shows that the Marble powder Waste increase dry density which helps in increasing the compression Capacity of the brick. Whereas Paddy Straw fiber and bagasse ash decrease the dry density of brick which results in decreasingthe optimum water content of the mixof the brick. Bagasse ash and paddy straw fiber increase the water absorption capacity of the brick.
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Khan, Nasir A., Nazia Khaliq, Imran U. Haq, Nazir Javed i Amjad S. Gondal. "Impact of Carbohydrates and Mineral Contents of Different Indigenous Strains of Oyster Mushroom (Jacq. Fr.) Cultivated on Different Agricultural Wastes". International Journal of Phytopathology 1, nr 1 (15.12.2012): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.001.01.0016.
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Different strains of Pleurotus ostreatus were cultivated on different agro-cellulosic wastes viz. cotton waste, wheat straw and paddy straw to determine the effect of these agro wastes on biological efficiency, carbohydrate and mineral contents including Na, K, Ca, Cu, Zn and Fe. Maximum biological efficiency was recorded on P. ostreatus (grey strain, 134.4%) and (white strain, 113.7%) on wheat straw. P. sajor-caju showed maximum biological efficiency (195.9%) on wheat straw. Maximum amount of Na was found (0.18g/100g) on P. ostreatus (grey strain) and K was found on P. sajor-caju (4.58g/100g) cultivated on paddy straw followed by wheat straw and cotton waste. P. ostreatus (white strain) cultivated on paddy straw showed maximum amount of Cu (0.0009g/100g) while maximum amount of Zn was found (0.017g/100g) on P. ostreatus (white strain). Maximum amount of Fe was found (0.008g/100g) on P. sajor-caju cultivated on cotton waste. P. sajor-caju cultivated on cotton waste showed significantly highest carbohydrate (0.079g/100g).
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Patel, Pinkal, i Ratna Trivedi. "Yield Performance of Calocybe indica on Different Agricultural Subatrate". International Research Journal of Engineering, IT & Scientific Research 2, nr 3 (1.03.2016): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/irjeis.v2i3.45.
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The Milky mushroom, Calocybe Indica was cultivated on different agricultural substrate, paddy straw, wheat straw, sugarcane trace and mango dry leaves. The spawning was done by sterilization of all the four substrate. The bags were kept in mushroom growing room with the maintenance of temperature and humidity 30̊ c-35̊ c and 70-80 % respectively. The minimum days requires for completion of spawn run (18.4 days), primordial formation (25.2 days) and days for first harvest (32.4 days) was first observed on cultivation with Paddy straw. The maximum yield on fresh weight basis and biological efficiency (134.86 %) was also found to be as the same treatment with the Paddy straw as a substrate. The biological efficiency of wheat straw was at par with Sugarcane trace as substrate which was 85.07 % and 85.02 % respectively.
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Guruanand, C., M. Raju, K. Boomiraj, P. Boominathan, G. Prabu Kumar i S. Mohan Kumar. "Effect of Paddy Straw Incorporation on Growth and Yield of Rice under Wetland Ecosystem". International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, nr 10 (18.08.2023): 502–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i102675.
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Burning the paddy straw had variety of effects both on and off the farm. It entails nutrient and economic productivity loss in addition to impact on air quality, animal and human health. Soil incorporation is a cost-effective method of disposing the paddy straw. Effects of enhanced paddy straw incorporation in the field to investigate the growth and yield parameters during the summer season at TNAU, Coimbatore. The treatments comprise Continuous flooding (Conventional) (M1), AWDI (field water tube): Irrigation at soil moisture depletion by 10 cm (M2), AWDI (field water tube): Irrigation at soil moisture depletion by 15 cm (M3) as main plots. The subplot treatments consist of Rice raw straw incorporation + 75% RDF (S1), Rice raw straw incorporation with Pusa Decomposer Capsules + 75% RDF (S2), Rice raw straw incorporation with TNAU Bio mineralizer + 75% RDF (S3), Rice raw straw incorporation with Pusa Decomposer Capsules + TNAU Bio mineralizer + 75% RDF (S4), 75% RDF (S5), 100% RDF (S6). Incorporation of rice straw, Pusa decomposer, TNAU Bio-mineralizer along with 75% RDF recorded better results in all growth stages and yield.
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Zhang, G. B., Y. Ji, J. Ma, G. Liu, H. Xu i K. Yagi. "Pathway of CH<sub>4</sub> production, fraction of CH<sub>4</sub> oxidized, and <sup>13</sup>C isotope fractionation in a straw incorporated rice field". Biogeosciences Discussions 9, nr 10 (15.10.2012): 14175–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-14175-2012.
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Abstract. Straw incorporation generally increases CH4 emission from rice fields, but its effects on the mechanism of CH4 emission, especially on the pathway of CH4 production and the fraction of CH4 oxidized are not well known. To investigate the methanogenic pathway, the fraction of CH4 oxidized as well as the stable carbon isotope fractionation during the oxidation and transport of CH4 as affected by straw incorporation, production and oxidation of CH4 in paddy soil and rice roots and δ13C-values of produced CH4 and CO2, and emitted CH4 were observed in incubation and field experiments. Straw incorporation significantly enhanced CH4 production potentials of the paddy soil and rice roots. However, it increased the relative contribution of acetate to total CH4 production (Fac) in the paddy soil by ~ 10–30%, but decreased Fac-value of the rice roots by ~ 5–20%. Compared with rice roots, paddy soil was more important in acetoclastic methanogenesis, with Fac-value being 6–30% higher. Straw incorporation highly decreased the fraction of CH4 oxidized (Fox) by 41–71%, probably attributed to the fact that it increased CH4 oxidation potential whereas CH4 production potential was increased to a larger extent. There was little CH4 formed during aerobic incubation, and the produced CH4 was more 13C-enriched relative to that of anaerobic incubation. Assuming δ13C-values of CH4 aerobically produced in paddy soil to be the δ13C-values of residual CH4 after being oxidized, Fox-value still appeared to be 45–68% lower when straw was incorporated. Oxidation fractionation factor (αox) was higher with straw incorporation (1.033) than without straw incorporation (1.025). The δ13C-values of CH4 emitted after cutting of the plants (−50–−43‰) were more positive than those of before (−58–−55‰), suggesting a transport fractionation factor (&varepsilon;transport) was −8.0‰ with straw incorporation and −12.0‰ without straw incorporation. Reasons for this difference may be related to the decrease in growth of the rice crop as a result of straw incorporation. The experiment shows that straw incorporation increases the contribution of acetate to total methanogenesis in paddy soil but decreases it on rice roots, and it significantly decreases the fraction of CH4 oxidized in the field, and expands oxidation fractionation while reducing transport fractionation.
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P, PANDIYARAJAN, i KANNAIYAN S. "EFFECT OF BGA INOCULATION WITH PADDY STRAW AND GYPSUM ON RICE IN SODIC SOIL". Madras Agricultural Journal 83, Augest (1996): 499–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01041.
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Algalisation was tried in combination with paddy straw and gypsum with a view to improve the rice yield and to combat sodicity problem in soils. BGA inoculation @ 10 kg/ha and gypsum at two levels viz. 50% GR and 25% GR were tried. The results indicated that BGA inoculation combined with paddy straw @ 10 tha and gypsum 25% GR increased the height, tillers, grain and straw yeild.
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Ray, K., B. Basistha i S. Ghosh. "Cultivation and yield of Pleurotus sajor-caju on various lignocellulosic substrates". NBU Journal of Plant Sciences 7, nr 1 (2013): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.55734/nbujps.2013.v07i01.007.
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Oyster mushrooms have ability to grow utilizing various lignocellulose substrates (Khan and Garcha, 1984). In our present work a comparative study on the cultivation and yield of Pleurotus sajor-caju using different compost composition were carried out. Six different lignocellulose materials like paddy straw, saw dust, shredded wood, rice husk, paper waste and sugarcane bagasse were used to prepare ten types of compost combinations for the cultivation of oyster mushroom. The shortest period for pinhead formation was determined to be 9 days on sugarcane bagasse compost, whereas the longest period for the same was determined to be 18 days on paddy straw and saw dust combination. The total harvest period of oyster mushroom was noted to be 41 days for sugarcane bagasse and the longest harvest period noted was 55 days on paddy straw and saw dust mixture. The highest yield was 154.8 gm on paddy straw and sugarcane bagasse mixture (1:1).
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Sharma, Tarun, i Sandeep Singh. "Characteristics of unfired soil blocks stabilized with industrial waste and agricultural waste". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 889, nr 1 (1.11.2021): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/889/1/012041.
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Abstract The problem of pollution is on daily rise and environment protection is becoming challengeable task due to production of fired bricks and improper disposal of waste materials. This experimental investigation is conducted on unfired compacted soil block stabilized with waste materials. The waste materials utilized in this investigation were paddy straw fiber, sugarcane bagasse ash and marble dust because of their improper disposal and burning of paddy straw is one of them. Marble dust was put on at distinct percentages in the span of 25% to 35%, bagasse ash and paddy straw fibers (75mm length) were also added in varied %age. Experiments were conducted on the blocks to determine the compaction properties and compressive strength of the blocks. The outcome of this experimentation determined that the light weight unfired admixed soil block is achievable with optimum amount of waste materials. Also, inclusion of marble dust in soil block admixed with bagasse ash and paddy straw fiber increases the compressive strength.
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REDDY, D. V. S. CHAKRADHAR, GA DHEEBAKARAN, G. THIRIBHUVANAMALA, S. KOKILAVANI i N. K. SATHYAMOORTHY. "Seasonal variation of paddy straw mushroom performance under different microclimate environments". Journal of Agrometeorology 24, nr 4 (2.12.2022): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v24i4.1806.
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Maize is an important base crop in intensive irrigated cereal based cropping system because of its wider climatic acclimatization. In contrast, a certain microclimate is needed for commercial mushroom production. Favourable microclimatic condition that prevails in maize field created a greater opportunity to grow the warm loving Paddy Straw Mushroom “Volvariella volvacea” as intercrop. In this context, a comparative study was taken up at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University to determine the performance of paddy straw mushroom as intercrop under different microclimate created in irrigated maize and polyhouse during summer and kharif 2022. Study concluded that the microclimate variables during kharif season was more favourable for obtaining higher straw mushroom yield as maize intercrop, but the summer season was also an economically viable one. The study found that the most ideal limits of microclimate variables such as morning and afternoon temperature, morning and afternoon RH for paddy straw mushroom was 26 to 29oC, 29 to 33oC, 80 to 98 per cent and 66 to 88 per cent, respectively. The polyhouse showed its superiority in providing controlled favourable microclimate for paddy straw mushroom than the fluctuating microclimate under maize canopy, however the higher infrastructural investment in polyhouse farming is not affordable for the small and marginal farmers. The microclimate prevailed in between maize rows could support paddy straw mushroom intercropping as a viable system, which had Land Equivalent Ratio of more than 1.6 and double the time of Crop Equivalent Yield when compare to sole cropped maize.
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Dulbari, Dulbari, Yuriansyah Yuriansyah, Zainal Mutaqin, Lisa Erfa i I. Gde Darmaputra. "PELATIHAN TEKNIS PEMBUATAN KOMPOS JERAMI PADI DI DESA BANJARREJO KECAMATAN BATANGHARI KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TIMUR". PengabdianMu: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 3, nr 1 (1.03.2018): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/pengabdianmu.v3i1.18.
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The level of fertility of paddy fields in Banjarrejo was decreasing, this is indicated by low rice productivity, fertilization response was leveling off, topsoil was shallow, and rice easy lodged. Fertility degradation of paddy fields occurs continuously. Factors that encourage the ongoing process of soil fertility degradation is a concept application of High External Input Agriculture (HEIA) on the cultivation of crops, especially rice. Rice straw can be used as an alternative to increase soil fertility and maintain the health of paddy field. Straw is the main product of rice cultivation in the form of organic fertilizer because its potential reaches 1.5 x grain yield. However, the potential that is available cheaply and easily and Lack of information and knowledge about straw causes many farmers not to utilize straw to the fullest. Straw is still regarded as an obstacle in tillage, where the nest mice, disease sources, and sources of dirt that must be cleaned. Farmers have not used it to be composted because many still do not have the skills to make it. State Polytechnic of Lampung has the role and responsibility to transfer technology that is beneficial to society especially in the case of making straw compost through the program of Community Service. Technical Training Composting of Rice Straw was conducted in Banjarrejo Village, Batanghari District, East Lampung Regency in April-September 2013. The use of straw compost in paddy fields can increase rice production while maintaining sustainable soil health.
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Hu, Xue, Hongyi Liu, Chengyu Xu, Xiaomin Huang, Min Jiang, Hengyang Zhuang i Lifen Huang. "Effect of Digestate and Straw Combined Application on Maintaining Rice Production and Paddy Environment". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 11 (26.05.2021): 5714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115714.
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Few studies have focused on the combined application of digestate and straw and its feasibility in rice production. Therefore, we conducted a two-year field experiment, including six treatments: without nutrients and straw (Control), digestate (D), digestate + fertilizer (DF), digestate + straw (DS), digestate + fertilizer + straw (DFS) and conventional fertilizer + straw (CS), to clarify the responses of rice growth and paddy soil nutrients to different straw and fertilizer combinations. Our results showed that digestate and straw combined application (i.e., treatment DFS) increased rice yield by 2.71 t ha−1 compared with the Control, and digestate combined with straw addition could distribute more nitrogen (N) to rice grains. Our results also showed that the straw decomposition rate at 0 cm depth under DS was 5% to 102% higher than that under CS. Activities of catalase, urease, sucrase and phosphatase at maturity under DS were all higher than that under both Control and CS. In addition, soil organic matter (SOM) and total nitrogen (TN) under DS and DFS were 20~26% and 11~12% higher than that under B and DF respectively, suggesting straw addition could benefit paddy soil quality. Moreover, coupling straw and digestate would contribute to decrease the N content in soil surface water. Overall, our results demonstrated that digestate and straw combined application could maintain rice production and have potential positive paddy environmental effects.
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Zhang, G. B., Y. Ji, J. Ma, G. Liu, H. Xu i K. Yagi. "Pathway of CH<sub>4</sub> production, fraction of CH<sub>4</sub> oxidized, and <sup>13</sup>C isotope fractionation in a straw-incorporated rice field". Biogeosciences 10, nr 5 (22.05.2013): 3375–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3375-2013.
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Abstract. Straw incorporation generally increases CH4 emission from rice fields, but its effects on the mechanism of CH4 emission, especially on the pathway of CH4 production and the fraction of CH4 oxidized, are not well known. To investigate the methanogenic pathway, the fraction of CH4 oxidized as well as the stable carbon isotope fractionation during the oxidation and transport of CH4 as affected by straw incorporation, observations were conducted of production and oxidation of CH4 in paddy soil and rice roots and δ13C-values of produced CH4 and CO2, and emitted CH4 in incubation and field experiments. Straw incorporation significantly enhanced CH4 production potentials of the paddy soil and rice roots. However, it increased the relative contribution of acetate to total CH4 production (Fac) in the paddy soil by ∼10–30%, but decreased Fac-value of the rice roots by ∼5–20%. Compared with rice roots, paddy soil was more important in acetoclastic methanogenesis, with Fac-value being 6–30% higher. Straw incorporation highly decreased the fraction of CH4 oxidized (Fox) by 41–71%, probably attributed to the fact that it increased CH4 oxidation potential whereas CH4 production potential was increased to a larger extent. There was little CH4 formed during aerobic incubation, and the produced CH4 was more 13C-enriched relative to that of anaerobic incubation. Assuming δ13C-values of CH4 aerobically produced in paddy soil to be the δ13C-values of residual CH4 after being oxidized, (Fox-value still appeared to be 45–68% lower when straw was incorporated. Oxidation fractionation factor (αox) was higher with straw incorporation (1.033) than without straw incorporation (1.025). The δ13C-values of CH4 emitted after cutting of the plants (−50 to −43‰) were more positive than those of before (−58 to −55‰), suggesting a transport fractionation factor (&varepsilon;transport) was −8.0‰ with straw incorporation and −12.0‰ without straw incorporation. Causes of this difference may be related to the diffusion process in transport as affected by growth of rice plants and pressure in the rhizosphere. The experiment shows that straw incorporation increases the contribution of acetate to total methanogenesis in paddy soil but decreases it on rice roots, and it significantly decreases the fraction of CH4 oxidized in the field and expands oxidation fractionation while reducing transport fractionation.
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Pomolango, Ramlan, Ch L. Kaunang i F. H. Elly. "ANALISIS PRODUKSI LIMBAH TANAMAN PANGAN SEBAGAI PAKAN TERNAK SAPI DI KABUPATEN BOLAANG MONGONDOW UTARA". ZOOTEC 36, nr 2 (2.06.2016): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.36.2.2016.12413.
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PRODUCTION ANALYSIS OF FOOD CROP WASTE PRODUCT AS CATTLE FEED IN NORTH BOLAANGMONGONDOW REGENCY. Cattle can be used as the main economical source giving added value in farm of the farmers to support their family needs in North Bolaang Mongondow regency. Farmers utilized food crop waste product for cattle feed maintenance. The problem was that the food crop waste product potential was unknown to support cattle development in the farm of the farmers. The objective of this study was to analyze food crop waste product potential. Materials in this study were involving food crop area, type of food crop waste product, and cattle. Research method was applied by survey method involving primer and secondary data. Data were analyzed by proximate analysis conducted by Research Institution and Industrial Standardization, Manado and descriptive analysis. Agricultural waste product was local feedstuff as crude fiber source that can be used for cattle feed. The potential feedstuff was calculated on the basis of feedstuff production multiplied by crop cultivation area size and expressed in dry matter (DM). The highest potential of DM was the wet rice paddy straw, followed by dry rice paddy straw, corn straw, sweet potato leaves, cassava leaves, green bean straw, and peanut straw. This study concluded that dry matter productions of wet rice paddy straw, corn straw and peanut straw were highly produced in Sanggkub district. Dry matter productions of dry rice paddy straw, cassava leaves, and sweet potato leaves were highly produced in East Bolaang Itang district, while dry matter production of green bean straw was highly produced in West Bolaang Itang district. Based on this research it can be suggested to introduce the technology related to the preservation of food crop waste product in North Bolaang Mongondow regency. Keywords: Waste product, food crop, cattle, North Bolaang Mongondow regency.
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Birnadi, Suryaman, Budy Frasetya i Eko Prastio Sundawa. "Pengaruh dosis bokashi jerami padi sebagai sumber silika (Si) terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tiga varietas padi sawah (Oryza sativa L.)". Jurnal Agro 6, nr 2 (30.12.2019): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/4817.
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Penurunan ketersediaan unsur silikon (Si) di dalam tanah berdampak terhadap produktivitas padi, padahal jerami padi merupakan sumber pupuk Si yang memiliki kandungan silika 5-6%. Respons pemupukan silika pada setiap varietas padi berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui interaksi dan dosis rekomendasi bokashi jerami padi untuk setiap jenis varietas padi yang diteliti. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial dua faktor dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama yaitu dosis bokashi jerami (J) terdiri dari 4 taraf yaitu: j0=tanpa bokashi jerami, j1= 7,5 t ha-1 bokashi jerami padi (Si=961,5 kg ha-1), j2=15 t ha-1 bokashi jerami padi (Si=1923 kg ha-1), j3=22,5 t ha-1 bokashi jerami padi (Si=2884,5 kg ha-1). Faktor kedua varietas padi (V) yaitu: v1= Inpari 19, v2= Inpari 13 dan v3= Ciherang. Parameter yang diamati: tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, berat gabah 1000 butir, berat gabah per rumpun dan berat gabah per hektar. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan analisis varians pada taraf 5%, dilanjutkan dengan uji beda jarak Duncan pada taraf 5%. Hasil analisis varians menunjukkan terdapat interaksi antara dosis bokashi jerami padi dengan jenis varietas padi pada berat gabah 1000 butir dan pengaruh mandiri terhadap parameter lainnya. Aplikasi bokashi jerami 15 t ha-1 meningkatkan produktivitas tiga varietas padi.ABSTRACTDeclining silicon availability in the soil affects paddy productivity, meanwhile paddy straw as a source of silica contains 5-6% silica. Response of application silica fertilizer is different for each paddy cultivar. This study aimed to determine the interaction and dosage recommendations of paddy straw bokashi for each type of paddy varieties observed. This study used a factorial randomized block design two factors with three replications. The first factor was bokashi paddy straw dose (J) consisted of 4 levels, namely: j0 = without bokashi straw, j1 = 7.5 t ha-1 bokashi rice straw (Si = 961.5 kg ha-1), j2 = 15 t ha- 1 bokashi straw rice (Si = 1923 kg ha-1), j3 = 22.5 t ha-1 bokashi rice straw (Si = 2884.5 kg ha-1). The second factor was paddy cultivar (V), i.e: v1 = Inpari 19, v2 = Inpari 13 and v3 = Ciherang. Parameters observed were plant height, number of tillers, 1000 grains weight, weight of grain per clump, and weight of grain per hectare. The data were analyzed with analysis of variance at the significance level of 5% than continued with Duncan multiple range test at a significant level of 5%. The results showed that there was an interaction between the bokashi doses of paddy straw and the rice varieties on the grain weight of 1000 grains, yet independent effects occured on the other parameters. The application of 15 t ha-1 bokashi straw increases the productivity of three rice varieties.
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Sumantri, Ika, i Sholih Nugroho Hadi. "Production and Nutrient Quality of Rice Straw of Local Rice Varieties From South Kalimantan". TROPICAL WETLAND JOURNAL 5, nr 2 (25.11.2019): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/twj.v5i2.74.
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A survey and laboratory study was conducted to estimate rice straw production of local rice varieties from South Kalimantan. Two local rice varieties (Siam Adil and Pandak) cultivated in a tidal swamp paddy field in Tanah Laut regency were harvested at the same time to estimate the dry matter production of rice straws and to obtain the rice straws samples. Rice straws samples were analysed to determine the percentage of botanical parts and nutrient contents, including the contents of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and crude fiber. Results showed Siam Adil rice straw had a lower percentage of leaf but had higher percentage of stem compare to Pandak. The botanical fraction of Pandak was similar to the improved rice variety (Ciherang). Siam Adil produced higher rice straw dry matter (7.95 tonnes/ha) compare to Pandak (5.83 tonnes/ha). There were no significant differences in the contents of dry matter, crude protein, and crude fibre of both local varieties. However, local rice straws had lower crude protein and higher crude fiber contents compared to the improved rice straw. In conclusion, local rice varieties potentially produced higher rice straw biomass but had lower nutrient quality. Thus, pretreatment is necessary to improve the utilization of local rice straw as a ruminant feed.
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Kong, Fanxuan, Xintan Zhang, Yonghe Zhu, Haishui Yang i Fengmin Li. "Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation Reduces P Availability in Paddy Soil Irrespective of Straw Incorporation". Agronomy 12, nr 7 (21.07.2022): 1718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071718.
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Crop production is highly impacted by soil phosphorus (P) availability which is poor and susceptibly affected by soil moisture. However, how water management and straw incorporation affect paddy soil P availability is still not well known. A 40-day incubation experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of two water management regimes: continuous flooding irrigation (CF) and alternate wetting and drying irrigation (AWD) combined with different straw addition rates (equivalent to 0, 50%, 100%, 200%, and 300% straw incorporation rates in field) on P availability in paddy soil. Water management significantly affected soil available P, microbial biomass P, total reductant, and ferrous iron. However, straw addition showed no effect on soil P availability in the short term. Compared to CF, AWD consistently decreased the soil available P content under straw addition at different rates. The main reason was that AWD increased microbial biomass for immobilizing P and decreased ferrous iron content for increasing soil P absorption, reducing available P content. In conclusion, AWD reduces available P content in paddy soil compared to CF. Water management has a more significant regulatory effect on soil P availability than straw incorporation in the field management.
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Wang, Enze, Xiaolong Lin, Lei Tian, Xinguang Wang, Li Ji, Feng Jin i Chunjie Tian. "Effects of Short-Term Rice Straw Return on the Soil Microbial Community". Agriculture 11, nr 6 (18.06.2021): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11060561.
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Rice straw is a byproduct of agricultural production and an important agricultural resource. However, rice straw has not yet been effectively used, and incorrect treatment methods (such as burning in the field) can cause serious damage to the environment. Studies have shown that straw returning is beneficial to soil, but there have been few studies focused on the effect of the amount of short-term straw returned on the soil microbial community. This study evaluates 0%, 50%, 75%, and 100% rice straw returned to the field on whether returning different amounts of straw in the short term would affect the diversity and composition of the soil microbial community and the correlation between bacteria and fungi. The results show that the amount of straw returned to the field is the main factor that triggers the changes in the abundance and composition of the microbial community in the paddy soil. A small amount of added straw (≤50% straw added) mainly affects the composition of the bacterial community, while a larger amount of added straw (>50% straw added) mainly affects the composition of the fungal community. Returning a large amount of straw increases the microbial abundance related to carbon and iron cycles in the paddy soil, thus promoting the carbon and iron cycle processes to a certain extent. In addition, network analysis shows that returning a large amount of straw also increases the complexity of the microbial network, which may encourage more microbes to be niche-sharing and comprehensively improve the ecological environment of paddy soil. This study may provide some useful guidance for rice straw returning in northeast China.
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Garg, Vishwas, Rouf Ahmad Dar i Urmila Gupta Phutela. "Comparative evaluation of different pretreatment methods on biogas production from paddy straw". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, nr 3 (1.09.2017): 1525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i3.1396.
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The present investigations observed the effect of chemical, enzymatic, biological and micro-wave pretreatment on paddy straw for enhancement of biogas production. Chopped and soaked paddy straw was subjected to chemicals Na2CO3 (1%) and NaOH (2%) concentrations, microwave irradiation (720 watt, 30 min), fungal (spawn impregnated, 7 days) and crude silicase (24 hrs) pretreatment. The proximate and chemical analysis showed 16.0% and 12.1% reduction in lignin and silica content in the case of Na2CO3 pretreated paddy straw whereas 23.0% and 46.8% reduction was observed in enzymatic pretreatment with 43.7% and 31.1% enhancement in biogas production respectively. This clearly indi-cates that Pleurotus ostreatus MTCC 142 is silicolytic as well as ligninolytic in nature. Enzymatic pre-treatment was also compared with, microwave (30 min) and fungal pretreatment which showed 31.2% and 32.8% reduction in silica content enhancing biogas production by 19.7% and 42.6% respectively. NaOH pretreatment showed a maximum increase in biogas production i.e. 49.7% as compared to 1% pretreated sample which showed 28.5% enhancement. The results indicated that the NaOH pretreatment was one of the potential methods to increase biogas production of paddy straw.
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Nidhi Sahni, Nidhi Sahni, i Dr Urmila Gupta Phutela. "Isolation and Preliminary Screening of Paddy Straw Degrading Thermphilic Fungi". Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, nr 10 (1.10.2011): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/oct2013/118.
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Dhillon, Gurmeet Singh. "Comparative evaluation of happy seeder technology versus normal sowing in wheat ( Triticum aestivum) in adopted village Killi Nihal Singh of Bathinda district of Punjab". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, nr 4 (1.12.2016): 2278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i4.1125.
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Paddy- wheat crop rotation is dominant in the Punjab state covering about 28.40 lakh hectares of cultivable land. This paddy–wheat rotation also assesses the potential of new technology i.e. happy seeder technology to address the problem. The straw management system should be necessary for all the combine harvesters. The total 28 field demonstrations on happy seeder technology were conducted in village Killi Nihal Singh of district Bathinda of Punjab state during the years 2013-14 & 2014-15.The results showed that by using this technology, the nutrients i.e Urea, DAP and Potash fertilizer were saved worth Rs. 424.15, Rs.366.25 and Rs.1989 respectively totaling the amount to Rs.2779.40 per hectare besides improving the physical properties over longer period of time. The highest incremental B: C ratio of happy seeder plots were 4.36 during the year 2013-14. Apart from saving the burning of the paddy straw, the happy seeder technology was able to save Rs.2311.25 per hectare over the normal sown wheat during the field preparation, sowing and management operations of the crop. In the context of burning of paddy straw, this happy seeder technology is a new initiative under taken by Krishi Vigyan Kendra Bathinda for checking of environmental pollution which will be beneficial for the society as a whole because. Bathinda district lies in the south-western region of Punjab which is not much mechanized in agriculture as compared to other districts of the state.
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Ma, J., H. Xu, Y. Han, Z. C. Cai i K. Yagi. "Short-term effects of wheat straw incorporation into paddy field as affected by rice transplanting time". Soil Research 46, nr 3 (2008): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr07113.
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Short-term effects of wheat straw incorporation into paddy field include stimulation of CH4 emissions, immobilisation of available N, suppression of rice growth, and accumulation of toxic materials. To study these short-term effects as affected by timing of rice transplantation, a field experiment was conducted at Dapu, China, in 2005. Two levels of wheat straw (0 and 3.75 t/ha) and 2 rice-transplanting times (normal and delayed) were adopted in this experiment. Methane emissions, concentrations of soil mineral N, dry matter accumulations, and grain yields were measured. Delayed rice transplantation had no effect on total CH4 emission from paddy fields incorporated with wheat straw (P > 0.05), but a significant effect on mineralisation of N (P < 0.05), in contrast to the net N immobilisation in the fields where seedlings were transplanted on the normal date. In paddy fields incorporated with wheat straw, delayed transplantation tended to promote rice growth and increase grain yield compared with transplantation on the normal date.
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Li, Ying-Hong, Xiang-Yun Wang, Wei Hua i Hu Zhang. "Studies on Dissipations and Residues of Indoxacarb under Different Field and Environmental Conditions". Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2020 (4.11.2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8874759.
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Indoxacarb is a broad-spectrum insecticide and widely used in agriculture. The dissipations and residues of indoxacarb were researched at three different field sites in Beijing, Hunan, and Zhejiang provinces in China. Analytical methods for determining the residue of indoxacarb in paddy water, paddy soil, rice straw, rice hull, and brown rice were described. Indoxacarb residues were extracted from samples, cleaned up by solid phase extraction, and determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring mode. The recoveries in paddy water, paddy soil, rice straw, rice hull, and brown rice matrices at three spiking levels ranged from 79.7% to 98.3%, respectively. The field and environmental conditions would affect the dissipations and residues of indoxacarb. The time to dissipate 50% of indoxacarb in paddy water, paddy soil, and rice straw was less than 9 days. The terminal residues obtained from Beijing at preharvest interval of 14 and 21 days were higher than the maximum limit of European Union. Therefore, a dosage of 24 g a. i. ha−1 at 28 days preharvest interval with 3 spraying times was recommended. Such accumulation of measured data is necessary to provide guidance for the proper and safe use of this pesticide.
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Syamsiyah, Jauhari, Aktavia Herawati, Brigita Arientania Nugraha, Hery Widijanto, Dwi Priyo Ariyanto i Komariah Komariah. "Nitrogen mineralization from rice straw and cow manure with various moisture conditions in organic paddy fields". Soil and Environment 42, nr 1 (1.06.2023): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25252/se/2023/243010.
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Nitrogen is an essential element, which can come from mineralization of organic N in plant residues. The measurement of nitrogen mineralization is important for estimating nitrogen availability and determining fertilizer requirements. This study aims to evaluate N mineralization of straw and cow manure in organic paddy fields at different water conditions through laboratory incubation. Types of paddy field management (organic, semi-organic, and conventional), organic matter (straw and cow manure), and moisture conditions (aerobic and anaerobic) were used in these research. The NH4+ and NO3ˉ concentration, soil pH, and water content were measured eight times over 56 days of incubation. Microbial biomass was measured at the end of the incubation. The data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA followed by the DMR and Pearson correlation test. Results showed that the application of cow manure on organic paddy fields in anaerobic conditions increased NH4+ up to 18.56 mg kg-1 and increased NO3ˉ in aerobic conditions up to 7.71 mg kg-1 from the initial concentration. Organic paddy fields with cow manure input under anaerobic conditions have the highest N mineralization potential. The N mineralization rate of straw and cow manure in organic paddy fields under anaerobic conditions was not significantly different. For 8-week incubation, adding straw in organic paddy fields increased NH4+ by 109% and NO3ˉ by 14%, whereas cow manure increased NH4+ by 128% and NO3ˉ by 18%. Application of plant residue or manure is an effective strategy to enhance soil microbial biomass and soil N availability and has the potential to reduce the dependence upon chemical N fertilization.
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Sirohi, Chhavi, O. P. Rao i B. S. Rana. "Performance of Wheat and Paddy Intercropped under Casuarina Equisetifolia based Agri-Silvicultural System on Sodic Wasteland". Indian Journal of Forestry 35, nr 4 (1.12.2012): 431–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2021-43j68i.
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A field experiment was conducted during rabi and kharif season, 2009-10 at main Experiment Station (Forestry), Kumarganj, Faizabad, U.P. to evaluate the performance of Wheat and Paddy intercropped under Casuarina equisetifolia based Agri-silvicultural System. The system comprises three varieties of wheat (NW-1067, NW-1014, and HD-2643) and three varieties of Paddy (Sarjoo-52, Narendra Usar-2 and Narendra Usar-3). The experiment was laid in a factorial randomized block design with three replications. . Under this study plant height and straw yield were found better for Wheat variety HD-2643 (plant height 96.00 cm and straw yield 2.47 t ha-1) and Paddy variety Narendra Usar -2 (plant height 94.33 cm and straw yield 2.41 t ha-1), when the crop was grown 1 m away from tree base. However, maximum number of per ear/ panicle, test weight (1000-grain weight) and grain yield were recorded in case of Wheat variety NW-1067 (1.26 t ha-1) and Paddy variety Narendra Usar-2 (1.65 t ha-1), when the crop was grown in open area. Amongst different varieties, Wheat variety NW-1067 and Paddy variety Narendra Usar-2 were found better for cultivation under this study.
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DHANGER, PARVEEN, MUKESH JAIN, VIJAYA RANI, MOHIT KUMAR i SACHIN GHANGHAS. "Paddy straw management practices in Northern India for improved efficiency and techno-economic feasibility". Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 92, nr 4 (18.05.2022): 526–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v92i4.124012.
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The study deals with the optimization of paddy residue management technologies for the management of paddy straw in combine harvested fields. The study emphasizes paddy straw management under different techniques (Retention, Incorporation and Removal of straw) with the use of different combinations of machinery. The research was conducted at farmer's field Dabra, Hisar, Haryana during 2017–18. The objective of the research was to evaluate techno-economic feasibility of different options of machinery. According to the results of the trials, the M4 (Combine harvester with SMS + Reversible mould board plough + Rotavator + Seed drill) had the greatest fuel consumption of 53.12 l/ha. M2 (Combine harvester with SMS + Spatial till drill) had the lowest fuel consumption of 22.29 l/ha. The lowest cost of operation of 63.32 `/q was found in treatment M2. Highest unit cost operation of 140.52 `/q was found in M9 (Traditional combine + Stubble shaver + Hay rake + Straw baler + Disc harrow (2 pass) + Planker + Seed drill). The benefit-cost ratio was found to be highest in traditional combine (1.99) and lowest in zero-till drill (1.11). Treatment-wise, benefit-ratio ratio was found maximum in treatment M10 (1.80) and minimum in M5 (1.50). According to the findings of study, residue retention technology is found better in comparison to straw incorporation and straw removal.
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Chalamcherla, Vijaya Lakshmi, M. A. Singaracharya i Vijaya Lakshmi M. "Amino acids profile of the lignocellulosic feed treated with cellulase-free lignolytic mutants of Pleurotus ostreatus". BioResources 5, nr 1 (19.12.2009): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.5.1.259-267.
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Defining and quantifying amino acid requirements will become an important consideration in the next generation of feeding schemes for dairy cattle beyond the current emphasis on identification of limiting amino acids. In this context different amino acid profiles of untreated, urea treated, fungal treated, and urea plus fungal treated lignocellulosic feed by both P. ostreatus wild and its two cellulase-minus/ less lignolytic mutants were analyzed. Cellulase-free mutant strains were obtained after 20 minutes of exposure to UV light and 0.4 seconds to X-rays. A UV mutant of P. ostreatus (POM1) exhibited better performance than the X-ray mutant (POM2) in terms of production of less cellulolytic and more lignolytic enzymes. Urea treatment of straw enhanced the total amino acid content by less than a factor of two, while the fungal treatment improved it by 13-14 times. Fungal treatment of urea-treated straw improved the total amino acid content by a factor of 15, indicating the importance of urea in the straw. Further, the fungal treatment of urea-treated straw enhanced the quantity of amino acids such as glutamine, glycine, aspergine, etc. by 15-20 times. The quantity of limiting amino acids such as methionine, lysine, and histidine was also enhanced by 8 to 10 times through the fungal treatment. Maximum amounts of all the amino acids were found in urea plus fungal (POM1) treated paddy straw than in only fungal treated and only urea treated paddy straws.
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Yumnam, Johnson, Sandeep Menon, Jayanti Yomso i Mohit Naik. "Ameliorative effects of waste decomposer and effective microorganisms on composting of paddy straw". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 15, nr 2 (20.06.2023): 672–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i2.4609.
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Composting is one of the most eco-friendly methods to manage paddy straw and reduce environmental pollution with added value to the soil. The present work aimed to investigate the effects of different treatments on composting paddy straw and identify the most effective method for managing paddy straw while also reducing environmental pollution and adding value to the soil. The study used a split plot design with ten treatment and three replications over two years, and measured various parameters such as total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, and water-soluble carbon to evaluate the quality of the compost produced by each treatment. From the pooled data of the experiment, the lowest total organic carbon of the compost was obtained in M1 (2.58%) and S8 (15.58%). The highest total nitrogen was acquired in M1 (12.04%) and S8 (26.04%). The highest total phosphorus was recorded in M1 (1.23%) and S8 (33.75%). The highest potassium was observed in M1 (25.67 %) and S8 (55.61%). The least water-soluble carbon was recorded in M1 (14.28%) and S8 (14.92%). The results of the study provide insights into the effectiveness of various composting methods and can help inform best practices for managing paddy straw in an eco-friendly manner.
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A.S, KRISHNAMOORTHY. "INFLUENCE OF ORGANIC SUPPLEMENTS ON YIELD AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF OYSTER MUSHROOM". Madras Agricultural Journal 84, October (1997): 604–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a00925.
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Studies were conducted to assess different organic supplements to paddy straw for increasing the yield of Pleurotus citrinopileatus and P. sajor caju. Among the various supplements, neem cake (2% to wet weight) accentuated the yield upto 48.7 per cent and 75.0 per cent over control in P. citrinopileatus and P, sajor caju respectively. The yield was directly related to protein content in both the species tested. Cost benefit analyses of neem cake amendment showed an additional income of Rs. 9.66 and Rs. 14.26 per kg of paddy straw (dry weight) in case of P. citrinopileatus and P. sajor caju respectively. Redgram husk, green 'gram husk and black gram husk were the next best supplements in all respects. Soybean flour was a poor supplement. Sensory evaluation of mushrooms harvested from amended paddy straw showed no variation in flavour and taste as compared to control.