Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Oxygen Gas Sensors

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Oxygen Gas Sensors”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 7 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Oxygen Gas Sensors"

Sembodo, Shafanda Nabil, Nazrul Effendy, Kenny Dwiantoro, and Nidlom Muddin. "Radial basis network estimator of oxygen content in the flue gas of debutanizer reboiler." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 3 (2022): 3044. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i3.pp3044-3050.

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<span>The energy efficiency in the debutanizer reboiler combustion can be monitored from the oxygen content of the flue gas of the reboiler. The measurement of the oxygen content can be conducted in situ using an oxygen sensor. However, soot that may appear around the sensor due to the combustion process in the debutanizer reboiler can obstruct the sensor’s function. In-situ redundancy sensors’ unavailability is a significant problem when the sensor is damaged, so measures must be made directly by workers using portable devices. On the other hand, worker safety is a primary concern when working in high-risk work areas. In this paper, we propose a software-based measurement or soft sensor to overcome the problems. The radial basis function network model makes soft sensors adapt to data updates because of their advantage as a universal approximator. The estimation of oxygen content with a soft sensor has been successfully carried out. The soft sensor generates an estimated mean square error of 0.216% with a standard deviation of 0.0242%. Stochastics gradient descent algorithm with momentum acceleration and dimension reduction using principal component analysis successfully improves the soft sensors’ performance.</span>

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Zhang, Mao Lin, Tao Ning, and Yu Hong Yang. "Gas Response Properties of Noble Metal Modified TiO₂ Gas Sensor." Advanced Materials Research 706-708 (June 2013): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.706-708.126.

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The response characteristics of noble metal (platinum and palladium) modified TiO2 gas sensors were investigated, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to characterize the sensing films. In addition, the resistance of sensors response to oxygen partial pressure was discussed by Kroger–Vink model. The response properties indicated that Pt modified TiO2 was providing excellent response properties when the sensor exposed to hydrogen and oxygen. The response mechanism was suggested to arise from the activation energy (E) of the modified sensing films.

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Sun, Jingxia, Aimin Zhang, Guoqiang Gong, and Jian Jiang. "Study on calibration period of Gas Sensor in exercise Pulmonary Function instrument." Modern Electronic Technology 2, no. 3 (2018): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/met.v2i3.1133.

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Objective: to study the calibration period of the main motor pulmonary function instrument sensor. Methods: A matched control group was used, one was calibrated periodically and the other was not calibrated. The calibration values of oxygen sensor and carbondioxide sensor were compared. Results: the oxygen sensor of electrochemical type was most sensitive to the change of time and environment, and the carbon dioxide sensor of infrared type was more sensitive to the change of time and environment. Conclusion: oxygen sensors of electrochemical type and carbon dioxide sensors of infrared type should be calibrated before each use.

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Duan, Chao, Lejun Zhang, Zhaoxi Wu, Xu Wang, Meng Meng, and Maolin Zhang. "Study on the Deterioration Mechanism of Pb on TiO2 Oxygen Sensor." Micromachines 14, no. 1 (2023): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14010156.

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Previous studies have shown that the pollutants in exhaust gas can cause performance deterioration in air-fuel oxygen sensors. Although the content of Pb in fuel oil is as low as 5 mg/L, the effect of long-term Pb accumulation on TiO2 oxygen sensors is still unclear. In this paper, the influence mechanism of Pb-containing additives in automobile exhaust gas on the response characteristics of TiO2 oxygen sensors was simulated and studied by depositing Pb-containing pollutants on the surface of a TiO2 sensitive film. It was found that the accumulation of Pb changed the surface gas adsorption state and reduced the activation energy of TiO2, thus affecting the steady-state response voltage and response speed of the TiO2-based oxygen sensor.

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Maskell, W. C., and B. C. H. Steele. "Solid state potentiometric oxygen gas sensors." Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 16, no. 4 (1986): 475–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01006843.

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Liu, Jianqiao, Wanqiu Wang, Zhaoxia Zhai, et al. "Influence of Oxygen Vacancy Behaviors in Cooling Process on Semiconductor Gas Sensors: A Numerical Analysis." Sensors 18, no. 11 (2018): 3929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113929.

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The influence of oxygen vacancy behaviors during a cooling process in semiconductor gas sensors is discussed by the numerical analysis method based on the gradient-distributed oxygen vacancy model. A diffusion equation is established to describe the behaviors of oxygen vacancies, which follows the effects of diffusion and exclusion in the cooling process. Numerical analysis is introduced to find the accurate solutions of the diffusion equation. The solutions illustrate the oxygen vacancy distribution profiles, which are dependent on the cooling rate as well as the temperature interval of the cooling process. The gas-sensing characteristics of reduced resistance and response are calculated. Both of them, together with oxygen vacancy distribution, show the grain size effects and the re-annealing effect. It is found that the properties of gas sensors can be controlled or adjusted by the designed cooling process. The proposed model provides a possibility for sensor characteristics simulations, which may be beneficial for the design of gas sensors. A quantitative interpretation on the gas-sensing mechanism of semiconductors has been contributed.

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Agustinur, Satya Cantika, Khaled Issa Khalifa, Meta Yantidewi, and Utama Alan Deta. "Literature Review: Air Oxygen Level Monitoring System." International Journal of Research and Community Empowerment 1, no. 2 (2023): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.58706/ijorce.v1n2.p62-70.

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Oxygen is a very important gas for humans. The need for oxygen around the plant is very low because the exhaust gas from various factories often becomes pollutants, one of which is the cement industry. The oxygen content needs to be known so that the level of vigilance of workers and the community is higher. For this reason, it is necessary to make a monitoring device for oxygen content. In this view will be discussed several gas sensors, especially oxygen sensors. In addition, Arduino microcontrollers and Raspberry Pi microprocessors were also discussed. The goal is to be able to determine the type of oxygen sensor as a detector of oxygen levels in the air. The discussion of microcontrollers and microprocessors is also a determinant of the motherboard connected to the oxygen sensor. Thus, the explanation of this review can be used to develop a monitoring system for oxygen content in the air. The research method used is in the form of literature studies. Literature study is the process of finding research data or information by reading scientific journals, reference books, and articles about oxygen content monitoring devices. This tool functions as a gas analyzer by choosing the MQ-135 sensor as an oxygen sensor because it is more affordable and easy to obtain which is supported by the Raspberry Pi device.

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Tutunea, Dragos, Ilie Dumitru, Oana Victoria Oţăt, Laurentiu Racila, Ionuţ Daniel Geonea, and Claudia Cristina Rotea. "Oxygen Sensor Testing for Automotive Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 896 (February 2020): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.896.249.

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During the operation of internal combustion engines the air-fuel ratio (A/F) is an important parameter which affects fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. The automotive oxygen sensor (Lambda) measures the quantity of residual oxygen in the combustion gases. Sensor degradation in time due to the exposure to high temperatures causes a distortion in controlling the A/F with the increase in gas emissions. In this paper an experimental stand is designed to test oxygen sensor degradation in laboratory condition. Four oxygen sensors were tested function of temperature and time recording their variation in resistance and voltage. The results showed similar values in the curves for all sensors tested.

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Hendryani, Atika, Vita Nurdinawati, and Nashrul Dharma. "Design of Manifold with Pressure Controller for Automatic Exchange of Oxygen Gas Cylinders in Hospital." TEKNIK 42, no. 1 (2021): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/teknik.v42i1.33127.

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The regulation and supply of oxygen as one of the medical gases in the hospital is important to ensure the availability of these gases for the survival of patients. The regulation of oxygen gas in hospitals usually uses a piping system with manifolds. The manifold will monitor the oxygen gas pressure on each tube. Manifold systems that are widely used in general can only monitor pressure but cannot perform an automatic exchange on gas cylinders if the pressure is under the permissible conditions. The manifold system design developed is equipped with pressure monitoring for automatic exchange of oxygen gas cylinders using pressure sensors and microprocessors. The test results of the system using regulator and barometer comparisons showed the percentage value of sensor pressure accuracy of 96.92 percent and 97.16 percent. At pressure below the limit of 285 KPa manifold can perform the exchange of active gas cylinders automatically. These results show the manifold design built can work quite well.

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Moos, Ralf, Noriya Izu, Frank Rettig, Sebastian Reiß, Woosuck Shin, and Ichiro Matsubara. "Resistive Oxygen Gas Sensors for Harsh Environments." Sensors 11, no. 4 (2011): 3439–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s110403439.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Oxygen Gas Sensors"

Blanchard, Jeffrey Allen 1974. "Specific gas sensing using zirconia amperometric oxygen sensors." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278662.

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An analytical model for the specific gas detection of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor using zirconia amperometric oxygen sensors has been developed. Sensors of this type have been designed, fabricated, and tested using planar ceramic technology. Furthermore, an experimental setup has been designed and constructed for sensor characterization. This testbed can accurately control gas partial pressures as well as the total system pressure over a wide range of flow rates. Extensive effort has been put into design and construction of this testbed to ensure accurate scientific measurements. Special attention has been paid to ensuring that the apparatus is leak-tight from air to ensure accurate measurements at low oxygen partial pressures. Results of the experimentation for oxygen detection as well as the detection of carbon dioxide and water vapor are presented. The effects of electronic conduction in the zirconia electrolyte at low oxygen partial pressures are examined. Possible applications of the sensor, as well as suggestions for further research are discussed.

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Martínez, Hurtado Juan Leonardo. "Gas-sensitive holographic sensors." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/244643.

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Holographic sensors are photonic layered structures contained in analyte sensitive lms that upon illumination produce monochromatic reflections (λ). The present work reports the fabrication of oxygen and ammonia sensors in Nafi on membranes and hydrocarbon and volatile organic compound sensors in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) films. A holographic recording technique was developed to suit these materials consisting of the in situ formation of nanoparticles of 18nm average diameter and their subsequent ordered ablation with a 300mJ laser. The wavelength of the monochromatic reflections depends principally on the refractive index of the resulting layers (n) and the separation between them (Λ). Changes in these parameters are generated by the analyte-sensor interactions and their magnitude can be correlated to the analyte concentration. The strength of these interactions is determined by the thermodynamic properties of the analytes, such as the cohesive energy density (δ^2), and this, was coupled with a photonic model for the prediction of the holographic response. After exposure to different concentrations of the analytes, the kinetics of the responses were determined and the lowest detection limits (LDL) established as follows: Hydrocarbons in PDMS holograms 1% (v/v) in 3s for a range of concentrations from 0-100%; ammonia in Nafi on holograms 0.16% in 100s in the 0-12.5% range; the LDL for oxygen sensing could not be determined although the response was recorded down to 12.5% and up to 100% in 100s. Holographic sensors show competitive responses comparable to commercially available gas sensors for biomedical diagnostics and industrial process monitoring because of their facile fabrication and their shared sensing platform allowing multiplexing.

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Ioannou, Andreas Stylianou. "Development of solid state thick film zirconia oxygen gas sensors." Thesis, Middlesex University, 1992. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/6549/.

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Aspects relating to and including the development of thick film amperometric zirconia oxygen sensors were investigated. These devices, which were operated in the range 550-950°C, had a laminated structure in which a cathode, an electrolyte and an anode were printed, in that order, onto a planar alumina substrate. The anode and electrolyte were porous and during sensor Operation also acted as a diffusion barrier, restricting the rate of oxygen diffusion to the cathode. A thick film platinum heater was also developed to maintain the sensor at its operating temperature while acting simultaneously as a résistance thermometer; it was screen-printed onto the substrate on the reverse side to the sensor. The individual components were characterised and optimised prior to assembly of complete sensors. Zirconia films were deposited by screen-printing onto alumina substrates. Careful attention was paid to formulation of zirconia inks, drying and firing procedures. Temperatures above 1350°C were necessary to sinter the zirconia to a low (<0.1%) though not zero porosity. The high sintering temperatures were found to result in the diffusion of impurities from the 96% alumina Substrate into the zirconia film which accelerated grain growth. X-ray diffraction showed that the grain growth resulted in transformation of the metastable tetragonal zirconia to the monoclinic form: where this occurred frequency response analysis of the films showed the expected decrease in ionic conductivity. These effects were absent on high purity (99.6%) alumina substrates. Platinum-zirconia cermets were investigated as possible electrodes. When screen-printed and fired at 1000°C for 1 hour and operated in the range 500-700°C, electrode activity was orders of magnitude greater than for pure porous platinum electrodes and increased substantially with increasing zirconia fractions provided electronic continuity was maintained within the film. High firing temperatures (> 1000°C), which were necessary for preparing a sensor with co-fired electrolyte and electrodes, decreased electrode activities although cermets remained greatly superior to pure platinum. Planar amperometric zirconia oxygen sensors were prepared using thick-film technology exclusively. When a voltage (0.5-1.4 V) was applied between the electrodes, a current flowed which was directly proportional to the oxygen concentration in the range up to 21%; this has not previously been achieved with such sensors. Characteristics were shown to be dependent upon firing temperature and substrate purity. Interestingly, temperature coefficients of the output were positive and negative for sensors fired at temperatures up to 1400 and above 1450°C respectively. Operation in the combustion products of a gas-burning flue demonstrated linear dependence upon calculated oxygen concentration. Heaters, printed using either fritted or unfritted platinum inks, were given extended treatments in a furnace at elevated temperatures (1000-1300°C) to accelerate ageing effects. Measurements were made of résistance (at 20°C), platinum evaporation rate and film cross-sectional area and these were correlated with the microstructure. The variation of résistance (at 20°C) of the films was analysed using effective medium theory invoked in order to quantify the blocking effect of the non-metallic fractions. During the initial phase (résistance decreasing) the governing factor was probably the high resistance of necks between contacting platinum particles. During the subsequent phase (resistance increasing) the resistance was controlled principally by the formation and growth of voids.

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Gali, Pradeep. "Development of Indium Oxide Nanowires as Efficient Gas Sensors." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103318/.

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Crystalline indium oxide nanowires were synthesized following optimization of growth parameters. Oxygen vacancies were found to impact the optical and electronic properties of the as-grown nanowires. Photoluminescence measurements showed a strong U.V emission peak at 3.18 eV and defect peaks in the visible region at 2.85 eV, 2.66 eV and 2.5 eV. The defect peaks are attributed to neutral and charged states of oxygen vacancies. Post-growth annealing in oxygen environment and passivation with sulphur are shown to be effective in reducing the intensity of the defect induced emission. The as-grown nanowires connected in an FET type of configuration shows n-type conductivity. A single indium oxide nanowire with ohmic contacts was found to be sensitive to gas molecules adsorbed on its surface.

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KRIK, Soufiane. "Low-operating temperature chemiresistive gas sensors: Fabrication and DFT calculations." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2488099.

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Despite advantages highlighted by Metal OXides (MOX) based gas sensors, these devices still present drawbacks in their performances (e.g. selectivity, stability and high operating temperature), so further investigations are necessary. Researchers tried to address these problems in several ways, which includes new synthesis methods for innovative materials based on MOX, such as solid solutions, addition of catalysts and doping of MOX by using external atoms or oxygen vacancies. Concerning this last issue, literature presents a lack of studies on how the arrangement and number of oxygen vacancies affect the sensing performance and only a few preliminary works highlighted interesting results. Another way to overcome MOX sensor drawbacks is to investigate novel class of materials, such as metal organic framework or 2D materials. Among these, phosphorene is one of the best candidates for such technological application, since it shows a chemoresistive activity at room temperature. The goal of this work is to decrease the operating temperature of SnO2 based gas sensors by exploiting the oxygen vacancies. First, a theoretical investigation was done in the framework of Density Functional Theory (DFT) to investigate, on the atomic scale, how oxygen vacancies influence the physical and chemical properties of the material. The effect of oxygen vacancies on the structural, electronic and electrical properties of bulk SnO2 at two different concentrations was studied, then the formation of surface oxygen vacancies was investigated in order to study the adsorption of oxygen molecules from the surrounding atmosphere on the stoichiometric and reduced SnO2 surface. Then, reduced SnO2-x was synthesized and devices based on the produced material were fabricated and tested. The results showed a high response of the sensors towards low concentrations of nitrogen dioxide NO2 (500 ppb) at 130°C instead of the typical operating temperature of 450°C for SnO2-based gas sensors. This decrease in the operating temperature results in a decrease of the power consumption of the device, opening up to its possible employment on portable devices like mobile phones. The results were interpreted characterizing the material by mean of X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-visible) analysis. In the end, the experimental results were compared to the DFT outputs obtained. As mentioned before, phosphorene is one of the promising 2D materials for gas sensing applications, but it still presents some drawbacks, mainly due to the material degradation over the time when exposed to ambient conditions. Many investigations were done on decorating phosphorene with metal atoms in order to enhance its performance for different technological applications. Nickel is one of metals proposed for such purpose, but few studies were done on nickel decorated phosphorene for gas sensing applications, especially for gas sensing application. In the innovative work here proposed, DFT calculations were carried out to explain how nickel influences the electronic properties of phosphorene since the decoration with nickel showed better stability of the sensor and high response towards NO2 at room temperature. The theoretical results explained this behavior by studying the adsorption of oxygen molecules on pristine and nickel loaded phosphorene. The DFT calculations showed that oxygen molecules dissociate on the layer of pristine phosphorene and react with phosphorus atoms (oxidation of the material), while in the presence of the nickel atoms the later play the role of acceptors and interact with the oxygen molecules. Finally, the sensing mechanism towards NO2 was investigated theoretically by studying the charge transfer occurring at the surface of the material during the adsorption process.<br>I sensori di gas basati sugli ossidi metallici semiconduttori (MOX) si sono rivelati negli ultimi anni una tecnologia estremamente vantaggiosa. Nonostante i progressi fatti in questo campo, questi dispositivi presentano ancora alcuni punti deboliche spingono la ricerca ad effettuare ulteriori indagini per perfezionare il loro funzionamento. I ricercatori hanno cercato di risolvere questi svantaggi in diversi modi, focalizzandosi sullo sviluppo di MOX innovativi, tra cui il drogaggio tramite l’utilizzo di additivi o l’introduzione nel materiale di vacanze di ossigeno a concentrazione controllata. Questa’alternativa sta attirando l’attenzione di molti gruppi di ricerca, anche se, ad oggi, la letteratura scientifica presenta una mancanza di studi su come la disposizione e concentrazione di vacanze di ossigeno influenzano le performance di sensing e solo alcuni lavori preliminari hanno portato a risultati interessanti. Per cercare di ovviare ai limiti dei sensori MOX, una seconda via è stata lo sviluppo e di materiali 2D basati su solfuri metallici, grafene o similari. Il fosforene è uno dei migliori candidati per tale applicazione tecnologica, poiché mostra un'attività elettrica anche a temperatura ambiente, anche se studi preliminari hanno evidenziato un alto tasso di degradazione nel tempo del materiale durante il suo utilizzo. L'obiettivo di questo lavoro è quello di diminuire la temperatura di funzionamento di sensori di gas basati su SnO2 sfruttando il controllo delle vacanze di ossigeno. A tale scopo, è stato fatto inizialmente uno studio della letteratura e un’analisi analitica nell’ambito della DFT per indagare come le vacanze di ossigeno influenzano le proprietà fisico-chimiche del materiale. È stato studiato l'effetto di due diverse concentrazioni di vacanze di ossigeno sulle proprietà chimico-fisiche dello SnO2 bulk. Successivamente è stata studiata la formazione della vacanze in superficie per investigare l'adsorbimento di molecole di ossigeno dall'atmosfera circostante sulla superficie dello SnO2 è stato sintetizzato tramite sintesi sol-gel e la riduzione è stata ottenuta tramite trattamento termico in presenza di H2 a diverse temperature. I risultati hanno mostrato un'alta risposta dei sensori basati su SnO2-x in presenza di basse concentrazioni di NO2 spostando a 130 °C la temperatura ottimale di funzionamento del dispositivo. Questa diminuzione della temperatura operativa implica una diminuzione del consumo energetico del dispositivo Come menzionato precedentemente, il fosforene è uno dei materiali 2D più promettenti per lo sviluppo di sensori di gas chemoresistivi, ma presenta ancora alcuni svantaggi. Molti studi sono stati sviluppati sulla decorazione del fosforene con atomi metallici al fine di migliorare le sue prestazioni per diverse applicazioni tecnologiche, ma non sono stati ancora condotti studi specifici su questa particolare forma di fosforene decorato per applicazioni di sensoristica gassosa. Nello studio qui proposto, sono stati eseguiti calcoli DFT per spiegare come il nichel influenzi le proprietà elettroniche del fosforene, poiché la decorazione con nichel ha mostrato una migliore stabilità del sensore e un’alta sensibilità all’NO2. Tramite simulazione DFT è stato possibile investigare l'adsorbimento delle molecole di ossigeno sul Fosforene tal quale e decorato con nichel. I risultati hanno evidenziato che le molecole di ossigeno si dissociano sullo strato di fosforene tal quale e reagiscono con gli atomi di fosforo, ossidandolo, mentre in presenza dei cluster di nichel è quest’ultimo a svolgere il ruolo di catalizzatore, interagendo con le molecole di ossigeno. Infine, il meccanismo di interazione tra NO2 e la superficie del fosforene tal quale e funzionalizzato è stato caratterizzato teoricamente studiando il trasferimento di carica che avviene sulla superficie del materiale in esame.

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Benammar, Mohieddine. "Development of instrumentation incorporating solid state gas sensors for measurement of oxygen partial pressure." Thesis, Middlesex University, 1991. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/6532/.

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Electronic instrumentation was developed for the measurement of the oxygen partial pressure, P1, in a sample gas using fully-sealed zirconia pump-gauge oxygen sensors operated in an AC mode. These sensors, operated typically at 700°C, consisted of two discs of zirconia with porous platinum electrodes on each face separated by a gold seal and enclosing a small internal volume. One disc was operated as a pump enabling oxygen to be electrochemically transferred into and out of the enclosed volume; the other disc operated as a gauge, the Nernst EMF across the electrodes providing a measure of the ratio of the internal to the external oxygen partial pressure. By careful design of the circuitry it was possible to measure the oxygen partial pressure, P, without the need for a separate reference gas supply. Subsequently, a novel "tracking" mode of operation was proposed and implemented in which leakage effects generally associated with sealed pump-gauge devices were minimised: the sensor was operated in a feedback control-loop in order to adjust automatically the mean internal reference oxygen partial pressure, P0, so as to maintain the ratio (Px/P0) close to unity. The signal-to-noise ratio was markedly improved by using gauge EMFs with high amplitudes which inevitably display a distorted sinusoid due to the logarithmic term in the Nernst equation. Surprisingly, mathematical analysis predicted that the linearity of the output of the instrument using phase-sensitive detection should not be affected by the deviation from a sinusoid and this was confirmed experimentally: signal processing was practically implemented using simple analogue electronics. As anticipated there was a strong influence of sensor temperature on the output of the instrument: consequently, methods for temperature compensation were proposed and shown to be feasible with minimum hardware. The theory of Operation of leaky pump-gauge was also developed which indicated that a physical leak in the sensor should cause a phase shift and amplitude change in the sensor output. Experimental results were, in general, in agreement with the theory demonstrating the influences of the geometry and dimensions of the leak and of the operating frequency. Importantly, the theory predicted that, when operated in the AC mode, devices with major leakage may still be used for oxygen partial pressure measurement: again this was confirmed by experiment and the additional benefit of a concomitant substantial simplification of the electronic circuitry also realised. Interestingly an unexpected but small influence of oxygen concentration on the phase shift was observed: this requires additional study.

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Spirig, John Vincent. "A new generation of high temperature oxygen sensors." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1188570727.

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Xiong, Linhongjia. "Amperometric gas sensing." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a8dcbf36-14b6-4627-b380-3b81e83d446c.

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Amperometric gas sensors are widely used for environmental and industrial monitoring. They are sensitive and cheap but suffer from some significant limitations. The aim of the work undertaken in this thesis is the development of ‘intelligent’ gas sensors to overcome some of these limitations. Overall the thesis shows the value of ionic liquids as potential solvents for gas sensors, overcoming issues of solvent volatility and providing a wide potential range for electrochemical measurements. Methods have been developed for sensitive amperometry, the tuning of potentials and especially proof-of-concept (patents Publication numbers: WO2013140140 A3 and WO2014020347 A1) in respect of the intelligent self-monitoring of temperature and humidity by RTIL based sensors. Designs for practical electrodes are also proposed. The specific content is as follows. Chapter 1 outlines the fundamental principles of electrochemistry which are of importance for the reading of this thesis. Chapter 2 reviews the history and modern amperometric gas sensors. Limitations of present electrochemical approaches are critically established. Micro-electrodes and Room Temperature Ionic Liquids (RTILs) are also introduced in this chapter. Chapter 4 is focused on the study of analysing chronoamperometry using the Shoup and Szabo equation to simultaneously determine the values of concentration and diffusion coefficient of dissolved analytes in both non-aqueous and RTIL media. A method to optimise the chronoamperometric conditions is demonstrated. This provides an essential experimental basis for IL based gas sensor. Chapter 5 demonstrates how the oxidation potential of ferrocene can be tuned by changing the anionic component of room temperature ionic liquids. This ability to tune redox potentials has genetic value in gas sensing. Chapters 6 and 7 describe two novel patented approaches to monitor the local environment for amperometric gas detection. In Chapter 6, an in-situ voltammetric ‘thermometer’ is incorporated into an amperometric oxygen sensing system. The local temperature is measured by the formal potential difference of two redox couples. A simultaneous temperature and humidity sensor is reported in Chapter 7. This sensor shows advantageous features where the temperature sensor is humidity independent and vice versa. The Shoup and Szabo analysis (Chapter 4) requires ‘simple’ electron transfer and as such the reduction of oxygen in wet RTILs can be complicated by dissolved water. Chapter 8 proposes a method to stop oxygen reduction at the one electron transfer stage under humid conditions by using phosphonium based RTILs to ‘trap’ the intermediate superoxide ions. Chapters 9 and 10 report the fabrication of low cost disposable electrodes of various geometries and of different materials. The suitability of these electrode for use as working electrodes for electrochemical experiments in aqueous, non-aqueous and RTIL media is demonstrated. Their capability to be used as working probes for amperometric gas sensing systems is discussed.

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Poudel, Chhetri Tej Bahadur. "EFFECTS OF LIGHT ILLUMINATION, TEMPERATURE AND OXYGEN GAS FLOW ON THE ELECTRICAL TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF Sb-DOPED ZnO MICRO AND NANOWIRES." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1501776637539529.

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Brien, Stephanie. "Characterisation of a novel planar single cell zirconium dioxide oxygen gas sensor." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.732972.

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Książki na temat "Oxygen Gas Sensors"

Ioannou, Andreas Stylianou. Development of solid state thick film zirconia oxygen gas sensors. Middlesex Polytechnic, 1992.

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Benammar, Mohieddine. Development of instrumentation incorporating solid state gas sensors for measurement of oxygen partial pressure. Middlesex Polytechnic, 1991.

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J, Watson, ed. The stannic oxide gas sensor: Principles and applications. CRC Press, 1994.

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Haynes, John Harold. Powertrain Codes and Oxygen Sensors 1990-99: 1995-99 (Chilton's Professional Series Quick-Reference Manuals). Haynes Manuals, Inc., 1999.

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Eranna, G. Metal Oxide Nanostructures As Gas Sensing Devices. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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Eranna, G., and Eranna Eranna. Metal Oxide Nanostructures As Gas Sensing Devices. Taylor & Francis Group, 2011.

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Eranna, G. Metal Oxide Nanostructures As Gas Sensing Devices. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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Eranna, G. Metal Oxide Nanostructures As Gas Sensing Devices. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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Części książek na temat "Oxygen Gas Sensors"

Friedman, Avner. "Modeling exhaust-gas oxygen sensors." In Mathematics in Industrial Problems. Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8383-3_21.

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Shuk, P. "Oxygen Gas Sensing Technologies Application: A Comprehensive Review." In Sensors for Everyday Life. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47322-2_5.

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Yates, A. "Exploiting Semiconducting Oxides for Automotive Exhaust Gas Oxygen Sensors." In Electronic Materials. Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3818-9_33.

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Opitz, N., and D. W. Lubbers. "Kinetics and Transient Times of Fluorescence Optical Sensors (Optodes) for Blood Gas Analysis (O2, CO2, pH)." In Oxygen Transport to Tissue IX. Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7433-6_6.

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Opitz, N., and D. W. Lübbers. "Blood Gas Analysis Using Fluorescence and Absorption Indicators in Optical Sensors (Optodes) with Integrated Excitation and Fluorescence Detection on Semiconductor Basis." In Oxygen Transport to Tissue X. Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9510-6_20.

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Krik, Soufiane, Andrea Gaiardo, Matteo Valt, et al. "Influence of Oxygen Vacancies in Gas Sensors Based on Metal-Oxide Semiconductors: A First-Principles Study." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37558-4_47.

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Aslamiya, M., T. S. Saleena, A. K. M. Bahalul Haque, and P. Muhamed Ilyas. "A 3D Designed Portable Programmable Device Using Gas Sensors for Air Quality Checking and Predicting the Concentration of Oxygen in Coal Mining Areas." In Soft Computing and Signal Processing. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8669-7_49.

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Huygen, P. E. M., A. Hartog, C. Kolle, E. Oosterbosch, and B. Lachmann. "An In-Line Oxygen Gas-Fraction Sensor for Anesthesia and Intensive Care." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5399-1_82.

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Egashira, Makoto, Masayo Nakashima, and Shohachi Kawasumi. "Oxygen Desorption and Conductivity Change of Palladium-Doped Tin(IV) Oxide Gas Sensor." In ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Society, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1986-0309.ch004.

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Kimura, Teiichi, and Takashi Goto. "Preparation of Ru-C Nano-Composite Film by MOCVD and Electrode Properties for Oxygen Gas Sensor." In Progress in Powder Metallurgy. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-419-7.1485.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Oxygen Gas Sensors"

Lu, Ganhua, Liying Zhu, Stephen Hebert, Edward Jen, Leonidas Ocola, and Junhong Chen. "Engineering Gas Sensors With Aerosol Nanocrystals." In 2007 First International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnc2007-21301.

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Rutile tin oxide (SnO2) is a wide band gap (3.6 eV at 300K [1]) n-type semiconductor material. It is widely used as sensing elements in gas sensors [2]. The sensing mechanism is generally attributed to the significant change in the electrical resistance of the material associated with the adsorption/desorption of oxygen on the semiconductor surface [3]. The formation of oxygen adsorbates (O2− or O−) results in an electron-depletion surface layer due to the electron transfer from the oxide surface to oxygen [4]. Recent studies [5, 6] have shown that use of tin oxide nanocrystals significantly improves the dynamic response and the sensitivity of sensors since the electron depletion may occur in the whole crystallite. Here we report on the fabrication and characterization of a miniaturized gas sensor based on tin oxide nanocrystals. A simple, convenient and low-cost mini-arc plasma source is used to synthesize high-quality tin oxide nanoparticles in aerosol phase at atmospheric pressure. The nanoparticle sensor is then fabricated by electrostatic assembly of product tin oxide nanoparticles onto e-beam lithographically patterned interdigitated electrodes. The microfabricated nanoparticle sensor exhibits good sensitivity and dynamic response to low-concentration ethanol vapor and hydrogen gas diluted in air.

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Akasaka, Shunsuke, and Isaku Kanno. "Limiting current-type MEMS oxygen gas sensor integrated with micro-hotplate." In 2021 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sensors47087.2021.9639801.

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Vosz, Adam, Shawn Midlam-Mohler, Yann Guezennec, and Steve Yurkovich. "Experimental Investigation of Switching Oxygen Sensor Behavior Due to Exhaust Gas Effects." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14915.

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Switching type exhaust gas oxygen sensors are critical to the performance of air-to-fuel ratio control in stoichiometric SI engines. Controlling the air-to-fuel ratio around stoichiometry is necessary for adequate three-way catalyst performance to meet government emissions regulations. However, the feedback signal from the sensor does not always truly depict the actual chemical mixture present in the exhaust gasses, which intrinsically affects the catalyst performance. A sensor may not provide correct air-to-fuel ratio feedback due to certain species in the exhaust gas which affect the equivalence ratio that the sensor switches from the high to low voltage or vice versa. This work attempts to characterize the impact of gas on fresh and aged sensors and builds upon earlier work in the field by using real engine exhaust rather simulated exhaust gas. In these experiments, the air-to-fuel ratio of a stoichiometric gasoline engine is incrementally increased from a lean to rich mixture to elicit the full switching response of the oxygen sensor. Additional sensor output curves are generated in the presence of external additive gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, propane, and gasoline vapor. An automotive emissions analyzer and a hydrogen analyzer detect the concentrations of the exhaust gases and the chemical equivalence ratio is calculated using a carbon balance. This equivalence ratio creates a reference to examine the accuracy of the switch point of the sensor to actual stoichiometry. Using these data sets, it is possible to determine observe the effect of various gas species on the air to fuel ratio at which the sensor switches. The sensitivity of the different sensors to gas concentrations are quantified and presented, which form an elementary model to predict the sensor switch point in the presence of these gas species. Primary findings indicate that the impact of species on the sensor switch point is linearly related to the concentration of the species; sensor type and sensor age have an effect on a sensor's sensitivity to species; and different hydrocarbon species affect sensors differently. The findings support the simulated exhaust gas results reported in the literature in that the degree of interference of a species is related to the diffusion rate of the species with respect to oxygen through the sensor. The results also point toward the importance of the species of hydrocarbons in the engine exhaust, which are uncontrolled and can vary with engine operating conditions. This feature is critical to the application of this knowledge to automotive control.

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Wang, T., R. E. Soltis, E. M. Logothetis, J. A. Cook, and D. R. Hamburg. "Static Characteristics of ZrO2 Exhaust Gas Oxygen Sensors." In International Congress & Exposition. SAE International, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/930352.

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Jahangir, Ifat, Alina Wilson, Md Ahsan Uddin, M. V. S. Chandrashekhar, and Goutam Koley. "Oxygen plasma treated graphene/InN nanowire heterojunction based sensors for toxic gas detection." In 2016 IEEE SENSORS. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2016.7808463.

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Al-Saudi, Ahmed, Watheq Al-Basheer, Abdulaziz Aljalal, Khaled Gasmi, and Samer A. Qari. "Estimation of pore sizes using laser absorption in molecular oxygen gas enclosed in mesoporous alumina." In Optical Sensors, edited by Robert A. Lieberman, Francesco Baldini, and Jiri Homola. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2519604.

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Takami, Akio, Toshitaka Matsuura, Toshifumi Sekiya, Teppei Okawa, and Yuzuru Watanabe. "Progress in Lead Tolerant Titania Exhaust Gas Oxygen Sensors." In SAE International Congress and Exposition. SAE International, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/850381.

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Esteban, Ó., and C. Pulido. "Simple oxygen gas sensor based on side-illuminated polymer optical fiber." In Fifth European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors, edited by Leszek R. Jaroszewicz. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2025391.

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Sari, Wangi P., Chris Blackman, Yiyun Zhu, and James Covington. "Deposition of tungsten oxide and silver decorated tungsten oxide for use in oxygen gas sensing." In 2017 IEEE SENSORS. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2017.8234313.

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Wan, Hao, Heyu Yin, and Andrew J. Mason. "Room temperature ionic liquid electrochemical gas sensor for rapid oxygen detection with transient double potential amperometry." In 2016 IEEE SENSORS. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2016.7808787.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Oxygen Gas Sensors"

Deininger. PR-443-13605-R01 Sensors for Gas Quality Monitoring. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010127.

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The purpose of this project was to determine the suitability of low cost environmental air quality sensors, for detection of pipeline gas quality. In particular, this project examined options for detection and quantification of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), water (H2O), and oxygen (O2). All of the sensors used were based on Synkeras existing anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) platform and detection chemistry. The key challenge of this effort was laboratory based demonstration of the feasibility of detecting these three components in natural gas at pressures exceeding 1 atmosphere

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McKinnon, Mark, Craig Weinschenk, and Daniel Madrzykowski. Modeling Gas Burner Fires in Ranch and Colonial Style Structures. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/mwje4818.

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The test scenarios ranged from fires in the structures with no exterior ventilation to room fires with flow paths that connected the fires with remote intake and exhaust vents. In the ranch, two replicate fires were conducted for each room of origin and each ventilation condition. Rooms of fire origin included the living room, bedroom, and kitchen. In the colonial, the focus was on varying the flow paths to examine the change in fire behavior and the resulting damage. No replicates were conducted in the colonial. After each fire scene was documented, the interior finish and furnishings were replaced in affected areas of the structure. Instrumentation was installed to measure gas temperature, gas pressure, and gas movement within the structures. In addition, oxygen sensors were installed to determine when a sufficient level of oxygen was available for flaming combustion. Standard video and firefighting IR cameras were also installed inside of the structures to capture information about the fire dynamics of the experiments. Video cameras were also positioned outside of the structures to monitor the flow of smoke, flames, and air at the exterior vents. Each of the fires were started from a small flaming source. The fires were allowed to develop until they self-extinguished due to a lack of oxygen or until the fire had transitioned through flashover. The times that fires burned post-flashover varied based on the damage occurring within the structure. The goal was have patterns remaining on the ceiling, walls, and floors post-test. In total, thirteen experiments were conducted in the ranch structure and eight experiments were conducted in the colonial structure. All experiments were conducted at UL's Large Fire Laboratory in Northbrook, IL. Increasing the ventilation available to the fire, in both the ranch and the colonial, resulted in additional burn time, additional fire growth, and a larger area of fire damage within the structures. These changes are consistent with fire dynamics based assessments and were repeatable. Fire patterns within the room of origin led to the area of origin when the ventilation of the structure was considered. Fire patterns generated pre-flashover, persisted post-flashover if the ventilation points were remote from the area of origin.

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Bora. PR-004-14604-R01 Miniaturized Gas Chromatography and Gas Quality Sensor. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010869.

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The natural gas industry currently relies on gas chromatography to evaluate the composition of natural gas including alkanes, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and oxygen. The higher and lower heating values, Wobbe Index, Hydrocarbon Dewpoint, Methane Number, and viscosity are all calculated from the gas composition. The need to understand the composition of fuel gas and to monitor its components is crucial to the natural gas industry. Monitoring the composition of the fuel gas provides the industry with the capability of protecting valuable underground assets, delivering gas that meets end-usage requirements, and tracking of constituents for both billing purposes and to ensure compliance with tariff agreements. As with any technology, there are limitations to gas chromatography. Limitations can include high cost, time delay, inability to sample at high pressure, and selectiveness of gas chromatography detectors. This project consisted of a technology assessment of currently available and emerging technologies including micro gas chromatographs, optical spectrometers, and mass spectrometers for their ability to determine gas composition compared to current GC technology. Technologies were investigated and assessed by their analytical characteristics (what components they could analyze and detection limits), their sampling characteristics (sampling pressure limits, scan time, and emissions), and their operational characteristics (availability, cost, consumables, maintenance, and packaging). Recommendations for further testing were made on the technologies whose characteristics showed the most promise for analysis of natural gas at custody transfer points.

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