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Sugianto, Sugianto, Ngurah Made Dharma Putra, Endah F. Rahayu, Wahyu B. Widayatno, Cherly Firdharini, Slamet Priyono i Didik Aryanto. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Performance of Reduced Graphene Oxide-Metal (Cu,Zn)-Oxide Materials". Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology 8, nr 2 (10.03.2023): 329–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v8i2.56065.
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The reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and metal (Cu,Zn)-oxide composites were prepared using a one-step hydrothermal technique. The role of (Cu,Zn)-oxide on the physical and electrochemical properties of the composite was investigated. The composite consists of various shapes of ZnO nanoflowers and micro-spheres, as well as Cu-oxide nanoflakes and octahedron-like shapes. The (Cu,Zn)-oxides were formed in between the rGO layers and observed in the rGO-ZnO, rGO-CuO, and rGO-CuO-ZnO composites. The presence of ZnO, CuO, and rGO within the composite structure is also confirmed by the analyses of crystal structure, microstructure, and surface functional groups. Some excess impurities remaining from the surfactant give considerable differences in the electrochemical performance of the composites. The specific capacitance values of the rGO, rGO-ZnO, rGO-CuO, rGO-(0.5CuO-0.5ZnO), and rGO-(0.25CuO-0.75ZnO) composites are 9.32, 58.53, 54.14, 25.21, and 69.27 F/g, respectively. The formation ofa double metal-oxide structure as well as their insertion into the rGO sheet can significantly improve the electrochemical properties of the supercapacitor.
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Matveev, E. S. "Composite Solid Electrolytes". Membrany i membrannye tehnologii 14, nr 4 (27.11.2024): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2218117224040027.
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The review describes composite electrolytes based on classical salt matrix phases, and also shows the possibilities of creating composites using simple or complex oxide matrices, where simple substances, salts, simple and complex oxides are used as heterogeneous dopant. The magnitude of the composite effect of electrical conductivity is discussed from the point of view of various theories of its quantitative description. The reasons for the occurrence of the composite effect are summarized. The effect of increasing ionic conductivity is due to the disorder of the surface layer in the intergranular space, amorphization or spreading of the matrix phase or the phase of heterogeneous dopant over the surface of the other phase due to the difference in surface energy, as well as the possibility of joint manifestation of these effects when using complex oxide eutectic composites with treatment above the temperature of the eutectic system.
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Liang, Yong-Xin, Ze-Rong Ma, Si-Ting Yu, Xin-Yue He, Xu-Yang Ke, Ri-Feng Yan, Xiao-Xian Liang i in. "Preparation and property analysis of solid carbonate-oxide composite materials for an electrolyte used in low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell". Science and Technology for Energy Transition 77 (2022): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/stet/2022003.
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The oxide-carbonate composite electrolyte material with high ionic conductivity at low temperature has been thought that it can be used to develop LT-SOFC. However, the carbonate composite electrolyte is not easy to make it dense, especially mixing and packing oxide and carbonate to fabricate the composite electrolyte simply. In this article, rare-earth-doped CeO2 (RDC) (R = La, Sm, Gd, and Gd + Y) series samples were prepared by wet ball-milling, then sintered into fully dense and porous oxide bulk at 1500–1600 °C and 1000 °C. Melted carbonate LNCO, composed of Li2CO3 and Na2CO3 at a molar ratio of 1:1, was combined with porous oxide bulk materials using a bath method at 500 °C for 10 h to prepare a dense carbonate-oxide composite electrolyte. The dense oxide-carbonate composite electrolyte always obtains by this fabrication process. Boiling water was used to remove carbonate from these composites. Lattice parameters were obtained through Rietveld refinement, and a calculation procedure for quantifying the composite density was proposed. The quantified composite density results were verified through scanning electron microscopy microstructure observations. The Ce valence in the RDC oxides and RDC-carbonate composite was analyzed by X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy to observe the effects of heat treatment temperature and carbonate on the Ce4+/Ce3+ mixed-valence state in doped CeO2.
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Zhu, Chenkai, Lei Nie, Xiaofei Yan, Jiawei Li i Dongming Qi. "Ramie fiber reinforced composites with flame retardant structure design: flammability, smoke suppression, and mechanical properties". Journal of Polymer Engineering 42, nr 1 (29.11.2021): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2021-0221.
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Abstract In this work, the structure of composite was designed as Core Stack and Surface Stack, which was treated with the expandable graphite (EG) and metal oxides such as iron oxide (IO), hydroxyapatite (HA), and aluminum tri-hydroxide (ATH). The mechanical performance of composites was characterized via flexural performance and interlaminar shear strength analysis. The flame retardance and smoke suppression of composite was explored in detail by LOI, UL-94, and cone calorimeter test. The findings presented that flexural properties of composites were observed to decrease due to delamination of surface stack, whilst no significant effect on interlaminar shear strength. In comparison with control composite, the loading of metal oxide into composite Surface Stack led to the reduction of peak heat release rate, total heat release, and fire growth index effectively. Moreover, the remarkable decrease in total smoke production could be observed due to the addition of iron oxide and the flame retardant mechanism was discussed. This study was the preliminary exploration of composite with flame retardant design which could be potential solution to improve flame retardancy and smoke suppression of composite with better mechanical structure preservation.
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Singh, Tej, Chandramani Goswami, Amar Patnaik i László Lendvai. "Optimal Design of Ceramic Based Hip Implant Composites Using Hybrid AHP-MOORA Approach". Materials 15, nr 11 (26.05.2022): 3800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15113800.
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Designing excellent hip implant composite material with optimal physical, mechanical and wear properties is challenging. Improper hip implant composite design may result in a premature component and product failure. Therefore, a hybrid decision-making tool was proposed to select the optimal hip implant composite according to several criteria that are probably conflicting. In varying weight proportions, a series of hip implant composite materials containing different ceramics (magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, chromium oxide, silicon nitride and aluminium oxide) were fabricated and evaluated for wear and physicomechanical properties. The density, void content, hardness, indentation depth, elastic modulus, compressive strength, wear, and fracture toughness values were used to rank the hip implant composites. It was found that the density and void content of the biocomposites remain in the range of 3.920–4.307 g/cm3 and 0.0021–0.0089%, respectively. The composite without zirconium oxide exhibits the lowest density (3.920 g/cm3), while the void content remains lowest for the composite having no chromium oxide content. The highest values of hardness (28.81 GPa), elastic modulus (291 GPa) and fracture toughness (11.97 MPa.m1/2) with the lowest wear (0.0071 mm3/million cycles) were exhibited by the composites having 83 wt.% of aluminium oxide and 10 wt.% of zirconium oxide. The experimental results are compositional dependent and without any visible trend. As a result, selecting the best composites among a group of composite alternatives becomes challenging. Therefore, a hybrid AHP-MOORA based multi-criteria decision-making approach was adopted to choose the best composite alternative. The AHP (analytic hierarchy process) was used to calculate the criteria weight, and MOORA (multiple objective optimisation on the basis of ratio analysis) was used to rank the composites. The outcomes revealed that the hip implant composite with 83 wt.% aluminium oxide, 10 wt.% zirconium oxide, 5 wt.% silicon nitride, 3 wt.% magnesium oxide, and 1.5 wt.% chromium oxide had the best qualities. Finally, sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the ranking’s robustness and stability concerning the criterion weight.
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Aphesteguy, Juan C., i Silvia E. Jacobo. "Preparation and Characterization of Nanocomposites for Technological Applications". Solid State Phenomena 202 (maj 2013): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.202.97.
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Materials with both electrical and magnetic properties are required for various applications ranging from electric and magnetic shields, molecular electronics, and sensors to microwave absorbers. Conducting polymers with the addition of magnetic oxides composites are suitable for such uses. Such is the case of the polyaniline (PANI), an organic polymer, mixed with magnetite. We have prepared through a new chemical method a PANI/ Fe3O4 composite with different amount of magnetic oxide from 0.3% m/m on the composite up to 42% m/m. The final product is a powder with good solubility in some organic solvents as chloroform. Structural morphological studies, transport properties (the electrical conductivity as a function of temperature) and magnetic characterization were performed on the oxides, on PANI and on the composites. We have explored the answer of these composites as absorbers in the microwave region to determine its potential technological application. An interesting magnetoresistance (MR) behavior was observed. The results are related to the particle size and to the influence of the percentage of oxide in the composite.
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HO, M. Y., P. S. KHIEW, D. ISA, T. K. TAN, W. S. CHIU i C. H. CHIA. "A REVIEW OF METAL OXIDE COMPOSITE ELECTRODE MATERIALS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS". Nano 09, nr 06 (sierpień 2014): 1430002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292014300023.
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With the emerging technology in the 21st century, which requires higher electrochemical performances, metal oxide composite electrodes in particular offer complementary properties of individual materials via the incorporation of both physical and chemical charge storage mechanism together in a single electrode. Numerous works reviewed herein have identified a wide variety of attractive metal oxide-based composite electrode material for symmetric and asymmetric electrochemical capacitors. The focus of the review is the detailed literature data and discussion regarding the electrochemical performance of various metal oxide composite electrodes fabricated from different configurations including binary and ternary composites. Additionally, projection of future development in hybrid capacitor coupling lithium metal oxides and carbonaceous materials are found to obtain significantly higher energy storage than currently available commercial electrochemical capacitors. This review describes the novel concept of lithium metal oxide electrode materials which are of value to researchers in developing high-energy and enhanced-cyclability electrochemical capacitors comparable to Li -ion batteries. In order to fully exploit the potential of metal oxide composite electrode materials, developing low cost, environment-friendly nanocomposite electrodes is certainly a research direction that should be extensively investigated in the future.
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Chausov, Denis N., Veronika V. Smirnova, Dmitriy E. Burmistrov, Ruslan M. Sarimov, Alexander D. Kurilov, Maxim E. Astashev, Oleg V. Uvarov i in. "Synthesis of a Novel, Biocompatible and Bacteriostatic Borosiloxane Composition with Silver Oxide Nanoparticles". Materials 15, nr 2 (11.01.2022): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15020527.
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Microbial antibiotic resistance is an important global world health problem. Recently, an interest in nanoparticles (NPs) of silver oxides as compounds with antibacterial potential has significantly increased. From a practical point of view, composites of silver oxide NPs and biocompatible material are of interest. A borosiloxane (BS) can be used as one such material. A composite material combining BS and silver oxide NPs has been synthesized. Composites containing BS have adjustable viscoelastic properties. The silver oxide NPs synthesized by laser ablation have a size of ~65 nm (half-width 60 nm) and an elemental composition of Ag2O. The synthesized material exhibits strong bacteriostatic properties against E. coli at a concentration of nanoparticles of silver oxide more than 0.01%. The bacteriostatic effect depends on the silver oxide NPs concentration in the matrix. The BS/silver oxide NPs have no cytotoxic effect on a eukaryotic cell culture when the concentration of nanoparticles of silver oxide is less than 0.1%. The use of the resulting composite based on BS and silver oxide NPs as a reusable dry disinfectant is due to its low toxicity and bacteriostatic activity and its characteristics are not inferior to the medical alloy nitinol.
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Kaya, Cengiz. "Current Status of Oxide Fibre-Reinforced Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composites for Gas Turbine Applications". Key Engineering Materials 434-435 (marzec 2010): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.434-435.1.
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Recent developments in the processing, understanding and mechanical/thermomechanical properties of oxide fibre reinforced oxide ceramic matrix composites for high temperature applications are reported. Two dimensional composite plates and uni-directional tubular composite (so called mini-composite) specimens are successfully manufactured and their microstructure, matrix/ fiber interface as well as mechanical properties are examined. It is shown that the microstructural variations, such as porosity size and interface between fibre and matrix determine the fracture behaviour and high temperature performance of the composites. The optimised components produced are considered to be suitable for gas turbine applications.
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Joshi, P. S., i D. S. Sutrave. "Study of Ruthenium Oxide, Manganese Oxide and Composite (Ru:Mn)O2 thin film Electrodes Assembled by Layer by Layer Spin Coating Method". Material Science Research India 13, nr 1 (6.06.2016): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/130107.
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Ruthenium oxide, Manganese oxide and (Ru:Mn)O2 composite thin films have been prepared by 0.02M Ruthenium chloride and Manganese acetate solutions respectively on stainless steel substrates by sol-gel spin coating method. Layer by layer deposition of RuO2 and MnO2 was done for composite films. RuO2: MnO2 composite thin films have been demonstrated to be an excellent material for Supercapacitor application when evaluated with RuO2 and MnO2 thin film electrodes with respect to XRD, SEM, CV, CP and EIS studies. As a result, high specific capacitance of 515 F/g at 10 mV/s with excellent stability and long cycle life was obtained, where specific power and energy were as high as 15.38 Wh/kg and 4.06 KW/kg respectively with loading weight of 0.13 mg/cm2 .Composite films showed changes in structural and morphological features which was admiring for supercapacitor applications. The electrochemical impedance measurement was carried out in 0.1M KOH in the frequency range 10 to 105 Hz. From the analysis it can be concluded that mixed oxide composites have superior capacitive performance to single transition metal oxides as electrodes.
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Romanova, Iryna, i Sviatosla Kirillov. "PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITES ON THE BASE OF CERIA OBTAINED BY A CITRIC ACID METHOD". Ukrainian Chemistry Journal 85, nr 4 (7.06.2019): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.33609/0041-6045.85.4.2019.98-109.
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Composites with the formula nMOx–СеО2, where n is the mole part of copper or manganese oxide have been synthesized via citric acid aided route. Physico-chemical properties of materials obtained are investigated by XRD, low temperature desorption of nitrogen and by temperature-programmed reduction (TPR). It is defined that the composites with the n < 0.25 (for Cu) and < 0.75 (Mn) are the solid solutions obtained by the replacement of cerium ions in the structure of fluorite (СеО2) by copper or manganese ions. The existence of the separate phases of oxides such as CuO and Mn3O4 has been identified in the XRD patterns of composites with formula 0.25CuО–СеО2 and 0.75MnOx–СеО2. The parameters of cell and the particles size for all samples are calculated; decreasing these values occurs due to the solid solutions formation. Specific area of composites obtained is much bigger than specific area of individual oxides; the biggest values are determined for the samples containing the biggest part of copper or manganese oxide. According to TPR profiles of composites themaximal intensity of low temperature peak has the composite 0.25CuО–СеО2 that means the biggest part of the solid solution; so this material is the most active in CO and ethanol combustion. This fact can be explained by appearance of additional oxygen vacancies when ions Ce4+ are replacement by ions with the less oxidation state. The quantities of hydrogen used for reduction of samples with the copper oxide and samples with the manganese oxide with n < 0.5 are much bigger than the theoretical values; in this case the reduction of the part of ceria in the solid solution is happened. The composite 0.25MnOx–CeO2 is the most active in the ethanol combustion; full conversion to CO2 is finished at 205°С. The high activity of individual oxide MnOx and the composite 0.75MnOx–СеО2 in the reaction of toluene oxidation explains by the biggest part of Mn3+ ions in their structure among the all oxides investigated.
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Egorin, Andrei, Eduard Tokar, Anna Matskevich, Nikita Ivanov, Ivan Tkachenko, Tatiana Sokolnitskaya i Larisa Zemskova. "Composite Magnetic Sorbents Based on Iron Oxides in Different Polymer Matrices: Comparison and Application for Removal of Strontium". Biomimetics 5, nr 2 (18.05.2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics5020022.
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Introduction of magnetic nanoparticles into composite sorbents based on polymer matrices has received great attention due to the possibility of using cheap iron oxides and removing spent sorbents by means of magnetic separation. In the present paper, we discuss the problem of creating magnetic sorbents using two types of matrices as host materials: synthetic cation exchange resin and natural aminopolysaccharide chitosan. The possibilities of applying matrices for the in situ formation of oxide phases of a specified composition with the required content of an inorganic component in a composite material were estimated. The composition of the oxide phase formed in the composite material was studied, and particle sizes were evaluated by the method of X-ray diffraction analysis. Magnetic characteristics were investigated. Sorption characteristics with respect to strontium for the composites containing iron oxides were determined.
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Majumdar, Dipanwita. "An Overview on Ruthenium Oxide Composites – Challenging Material for Energy Storage Applications". Material Science Research India 15, nr 1 (30.03.2018): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/150104.
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Ruthenium oxides owing to their high specific capacitance have been widely identified as promising materials for electrochemical charge storage devices. However, high priced ruthenium precursors restrict their commercial usage. Accordingly, numerous explorations investigated the influences on capacitive behavior of ruthenium oxide on blending with varied materials like other metal oxides, activated carbons, conducting polymers, CNTs and functionalized graphene systems as composites. The aim had been to optimize the material cost without compromising with but improving the composite electrochemical performances. The scientific explorations reveal that the overall specific capacitance of composites is a strongly related to the ruthenium oxide (RuO2) present in the system since it is the main electro-active material providing the Faradaic pseudocapacitances besides the electrical double layer contributions from the base carbon component of the composite. Major progress in the theoretical and practical research and development in this particular field has enviced a large number of research articles and technical reports in the recent past. The current investigations focus on utilizing minimum amount of metal in the composite; upholding the synergistic effect from the metal oxide and the support (carbon materials generally) to obtain better electrochemical signatures. Optimization of important factors leading to reduced nanostructure agglomeration, minimum electrostatic resistance and ultrafast proton/electrons diffusion through the hollow porous structures may ultimately result to the theoretically expected specific capacitance. Nonetheless, to the best of knowledge of the author, there is no systematic review available pertaining to recent advancement of the composites of RuO2. Thus, this overview categorically narrates recent progresses on the fabrication, performances and achievements of ruthenium oxide composite as electrode material in energy storage applications which will be beneficial especially to the newcomers in this field of research.
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Chkhartishvili, Levan, Natia Barbakadze, Otar Tsagareishvili, Ketevan Sarajishvili, Tamar Korkia, Vakhtang Gabunia i Roin Chedia. "Coating of Carbon Black (CB) and Graphene Oxides (GOs) with Magnetite (Fe3O4)". International Journal of Advanced Nano Computing and Analytics 3, nr 1 (31.08.2024): 06–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.61797/ijanca.v3i1.330.
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Composites containing iron oxides are obtained by the co-precipitation of iron(II) and iron(III) compounds in the presence of different substrates in an alkaline environment. Newly synthesized graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rCO) and carbon black (CB) are used as substrates. Methods of obtaining GO–amorphous iron compound, rGO–Fe3O4, and CB–Fe3O4 composites are developed. It is determined that rGO–Fe3O4 and CB–Fe3O4 magnetic composites can be obtained at 70–75°C, while in the presence of GO, a non-magnetic composite containing an amorphous iron compound is formed under the same conditions. This composite, when heated in vacuum at 170–175°C, undergoes exfoliation, in result of which a powder composite rGO–amorphous iron compound is formed, the volume of which is 2.7 times greater than that of initial powder. Partial reduction of the formed composite takes place at 550°C and rGO–Fe3O4 is obtained. Formation of the magnetite phase is determined by XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) analysis. The structural-morphological study of the synthesized composites is carried out by the SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) method. Their magnetic characteristics are studied using VSM (Vibrating Sample Magnetometry) method.
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Schoell, Ryan, Aspen Reyes, Guddi Suman, Mila Nhu Lam, Justin Hamil, Samantha G. Rosenberg, LaRico Treadwell, Khalid Hattar i Eric Lang. "Hot Isostatic Pressing Control of Tungsten-Based Composites". Inorganics 11, nr 2 (16.02.2023): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11020082.
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Metal-oxide composites are commonly used in high temperature environments for their thermal stability and high melting points. Commonly employed with refractory oxides or carbides such as ZrC and HfC, these materials may be improved with the use of a low density, high melting point ceramic such as CeO2. In this work, the consolidation of W-CeO2 metal matrix composites in the high CeO2 concentration regime is explored. The CeO2 concentrations of 50, 33, and 25 wt.%, the CeO2 particle size from nanometer to micrometer, and various hot isostatic pressing temperatures are investigated. Decreasing the CeO2 concentration is observed to increase the composite density and increase the Vickers hardness. The CeO2 oxidation state is observed to be a combination of Ce3+ and Ce4+, which is hypothesized to contribute to the porosity of the composites. The hardness of the metal-oxide composite can be improved more than 2.5 times compared to pure W processed by the same route. This work offers processing guidelines for further consolation of oxide-doped W composites.
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Ros Madi, Nur Alia Farhana, Nurfatehah Wahyuny Che Jusoh, Yuki Nagao, Lian See Tan i Mariam Firdhaus Mad Nordin. "Utilizing metal oxide/fabric composites for photocatalytic degradation of wastewater". E3S Web of Conferences 516 (2024): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202451603004.
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The growing concern over water pollution has increased the search for innovative and sustainable approaches to wastewater treatment. This manuscript offers a concise exploration of the utilization of composite materials comprising metal oxides and fabrics for the purpose of photocatalytic degradation. Metal oxides, including titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), and etc possess inherent photocatalytic properties that, when combined with fabric matrices, present a synergistic approach for pollutant removal. The incorporation of metal oxides and fabrics enhances the photocatalytic performance through the improvement of the catalyst properties. This review covers the photocatalytic mechanisms and properties of metal oxide fabric composites as well as the applications of these composites in environmental remediation and wastewater treatment. As a promising avenue for sustainable pollutant mitigation, further research in this field holds the key to unlocking the full potential of metal oxide fabric composites in diverse environmental applications.
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Wu, Yali, Wenjie Hao, Tian Tian, Jinhe Yang i Yueping Cao. "Preparation of Graphene Doped Titanium Dioxide Compo -site and Study on Treatment of Laboratory Wastewater". International Journal of Materials Science and Technology Studies 1, nr 2 (30.05.2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.62051/ijmsts.v1n2.01.
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In this paper, five kinds of composite materials were prepared by using graphene oxide (or graphene) doped with TiO2. The photocatalytic properties of five kinds of composite materials, pure graphene oxide and pure TiO2 for methyl orange, phenol solution and rhodamine B simulated laboratory wastewater were studied respectively. The experimental results show that the photocatalytic performance of graphene oxide-doped titanium dioxide composites is better than that of graphene oxide-doped titanium dioxide composites. When graphene oxide is doped with titanium dioxide as catalyst, the higher the purity of graphene oxide, the better the photocatalytic effect of the composite material. Doped titanium dioxide is better than undoped titanium dioxide. When the amount of doped titanium dioxide is 0.3g, the photocatalytic effect is the best. Based on the comprehensive data, it can be clearly found that graphene oxide doped TiO2 composite is more suitable for degrading rhodamine system. By simulating the treatment of laboratory wastewater, it lays a theoretical foundation for the treatment of laboratory wastewater in the future.
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Ahadzade, Sh M., I. A. Vakulenko i Kh Asgarov. "Factors Influence on Electrophysical Parameters of the Composite Varistors". Science and Transport Progress, nr 1(101) (14.03.2023): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2023/283013.
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Purpose. Evaluation influence structural state polymer phase on the response voltage and coefficient nonlinearity of a multilayer varistor based on zinc oxide. Methodology. Zinc oxide consisted of 97% zinc oxide and 3% total oxides of Bi2O3, Co3O4, MnO2, B2O3, SbO3, ZrO2, Al2O3. At a temperature of 1573°K, the synthesis of semiconductor ceramics based on Zinc oxide was carried out. For composite of thermoplastic polymers and Zinc oxide, non-polar and polar polymers, high pressure polyethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride were used. The composites were obtained by hot pressing at the melting temperature of the polymer phase and a pressure of 15 MPa. After that, using silver paste, measuring electrodes 10 mm in diameter were applied to the surface of the synthesized samples, and then current–voltage characteristics were measured. Modification of composites under action of gas-discharge plasma was carried out in a special cell that creates a dielectric-gas-composite system. The structure of the composites was studied by X-ray diffraction analysis and IR spectroscopy. Findings. The obtained experimental results show that the size of the particles of the inorganic phase significantly affects the current-voltage characteristics of the composite varistor: at a given thickness of the composite varistor, the operation voltage decreases markedly, and the nonlinearity coefficient increases. Numerous experimental results obtained by us show that the impact of electric discharge plasma on the polymer Zinc oxide-composite leads to a significant change in the permittivity and the concentration of local levels at the interface of the composite. The results research showed that effect electrical plasma on the opening voltage depends on the polarity of polymer matrices. Moreover, plasma processing itself significantly changes the structure of the polymer phase at composite. Originality. The magnitude of the potential barrier at phase boundary is mainly determined by the volume fraction and size of the main structural element of ZnO ceramics. Changing the structural state of the polymer matrix allows the adjust response voltage and coefficient nonlinearity of volt-ampere characteristic of the multilayer varistor. Practical value. The discovered development of electron-ion processes at polymer phase of the varistor indicates the need to take into account change in its service characteristics from the duration and intensity of use. The result obtained has a certain practical significance, since it indicates not only the reason for the change in properties, but also the need to develop measures to increase the service life of the varistor.
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Butylina, Svetlana, Ossi Martikka i Timo Kärki. "Effect of inorganic pigments on the properties of coextruded polypropylene-based composites". Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 31, nr 1 (28.04.2016): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705716646416.
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In this article, the effect of the incorporation of three inorganic pigments on the properties of coextruded polypropylene-based composites was studied. Three different pigments were incorporated in the shell layer of the composites: iron oxide, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO). The tensile properties and Charpy impact strength of the composites were tested. A water immersion test was conducted. The morphology of the fractured surfaces of composites was characterised by scanning electron microscopy. The durability of the composites was assessed by testing colour characteristics and tensile strength after 500 hours of accelerated weathering. The results revealed that the TiO2-containing composite had the highest tensile modulus and Charpy impact strength, while the ZnO-containing composite had the lowest tensile strength and Charpy impact strength. Iron oxide was found to have no effect on either the physical or mechanical properties of the composite. The porosity of composites influences their water absorption and thickness swelling. The TiO2-containing composite exhibited better colour stability.
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Zemskova, Larisa, Andrei Egorin, Eduard Tokar, Vladimir Ivanov i Svetlana Bratskaya. "New Chitosan/Iron Oxide Composites: Fabrication and Application for Removal of Sr2+ Radionuclide from Aqueous Solutions". Biomimetics 3, nr 4 (4.12.2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics3040039.
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Here, we discuss the fabrication and problems of application of chitosan-based composite materials for the removal of hazardous metal ions from tap water and wastewater. The chitosan-based composites containing iron oxides for the uptake of Sr2+ ions were fabricated via a co-precipitation method with variation of the iron/chitosan ratio and pH of the medium. The morphology and composition of the fabricated sorbents were characterized using scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. We have shown that the suggested fabrication approach allows for a homogeneous distribution of the inorganic phase in the polymer matrix. Investigations of the sorption performance of the composites have shown that they are efficient sorbents for 90Sr radionuclides uptake from tap water. The composite sorbent containing amorphous iron oxide in a chitosan matrix and calcined at 105 °C showed the best sorption characteristics. We have also demonstrated that there is an optimal iron oxide content in the composite: with increasing oxide content, the efficiency of the sorbents decreases due to poor stability in solution, especially in alkaline media. The alternative approach yielding magnetic chitosan-based composites with sufficiently good sorption performance and stability in neutral and weakly alkaline media is suggested.
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Li, Shun, Zhaofeng Chen, Zhiyuan Rao, Fei Wang, Cao Wu i Xinli Ye. "The preparation and research of reduced graphene oxide/glass composite fiber". Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 14 (styczeń 2019): 155892501988310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925019883105.
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In this article, reduced graphene oxide/glass composite fiber was prepared from mixing graphene oxide and glass powder by ultrasonic dispersion, planetary grinding, high-temperature sintering, and melting wire drawing. The effects of reduced graphene oxide content on the mechanical and electrical properties of the fiber were investigated. Thermal gravimetric analyzer, differential scanning calorimeter, x-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis revealed that the graphene oxide was reduced to reduced graphene oxide in the sintering process and the performances of the composite fiber were improved. The tensile strength of reduced graphene oxide/glass composite fiber was 20% higher than the pristine glass fibers by the addition of 0.5 wt% of reduced graphene oxide. Reduced graphene oxide content was positively correlated with composites conductivity, and according to the percolation theory, the percolation threshold of reduced graphene oxide/glass composite fiber was about 0.5 wt%, and the conductivity of the composite fibers was increased by four orders of magnitude compared to the pristine glass fibers when the content of reduced graphene oxide was 0.5 wt%.
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Aslam, Junaid, i Yong Wang. "Metal Oxide Wrapped by Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries". Nanomaterials 13, nr 2 (11.01.2023): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13020296.
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The reduced graphene oxide/iron oxide (rGO/Fe2O3) and reduced graphene oxide/cobalt oxide (rGO/Co3O4) composite anodes have been successfully prepared through a simple and scalable ball-milling synthesis. The substantial interaction of Fe2O3 and Co3O4 with the rGO matrix strengthens the electronic conductivity and limits the volume variation during cycling in the rGO/Fe2O3 and rGO/Co3O4 composites because reduced graphene oxide (rGO) helps the metal oxides (MOs) to attain a more efficient diffusion of Li-ions and leads to high specific capacities. As anode materials for LIBs, the rGO/Fe2O3 and rGO/Co3O4 composites demonstrate overall superb electrochemical properties, especially rGO/Fe2O3T−5 and rGO/Co3O4T−5, showcasing higher reversible capacities of 1021 and 773 mAhg−1 after 100 cycles at 100 mAg−1, accompanied by the significant rate performance. Because of their superior electrochemical efficiency, high capacity and low cost, the rGO/Fe2O3 and rGO/Co3O4 composites made by ball milling could be outstanding anode materials for LIBs. Due to the excellent electrochemical performance, the rGO/Fe2O3 and rGO/Co3O4 composites prepared via ball milling could be promising anode materials with a high capacity and low cost for LIBs. The findings may provide shed some light on how other metal oxides wrapped by rGO can be prepared for future applications.
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Guo, Leyang, i Junwu Guo. "Study on the Catalytic Activity Modification of Pr and Nd Doped Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 Catalysts for Simultaneous Removal of PM and NOX". Science of Advanced Materials 16, nr 7 (1.07.2024): 821–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2024.4679.
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Cerium-zirconium composite oxides (Ce0.7Zr0.3O2) have a remarkable effect on catalytic removal of carbon particles (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) emitted from diesel engine, in order to further improve the thermal stability, oxygen storage capacity and low temperature catalytic REDOX performance of cerium zirconium composite oxides (Ce0.7Zr0.3O2), a small amount of Pr and Nd rare earth elements are doped to improve the catalytic activity of cerium zirconium composite oxides. In this paper, the composite oxide of Pr6O11–Nd2O3–CeO2–ZrO2 is prepared by unsteady co-precipitation method, and the physicochemical properties of the composite oxide catalyst are analyzed by BET, SEM, XRD and ICP. The gas adsorption capacity and catalytic activity of composite oxide catalysts are measured by temperature programmed reaction technology (TPR). The results show that the composite oxide of Pr0.05Nd0.05Ce0.6Zr0.3O2 prepared by using rare earth elements Pr and Nd inhibits the growth process of grain, refining the grain, and improving the sintering phenomenon at high temperature. The addition of Pr and Nd causes lattice defects, increases the number of oxygen vacancies, and improves the mobility of lattice oxygen, namely promotes oxide oxygen storage property, gas adsorption and catalytic oxidation reduction ability. After modification, Pr0.05Nd0.05Ce0.6Zr0.3O2 has good resistance to high temperature aging performance, prolongs the service life, reduces the PM lowest ignition temperature and minimum catalytic activity temperature of nitrogen oxide, and promotes the NOX reduction rate. For Pr0.05Nd0.05Ce0.6Zr0.3O2, the lowest ignition temperature of PM is about 150 °C, and the lowest catalytic activity temperature of NO is about 130 °C. The maximum CO2 production rate is 68.3%, and the maximum NO reduction rate is 45%.
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Malyshev, Sergey A., Oleg A. Shlyakhtin, Alexey S. Loktev, Galina N. Mazo, Grigoriy M. Timofeev, Igor E. Mukhin, Roman D. Svetogorov, Ilya V. Roslyakov i Alexey G. Dedov. "Ni/(R2O3,CaO) Nanocomposites Produced by the Exsolution of R1.5Ca0.5NiO4 Nickelates (R = Nd, Sm, Eu): Rare Earth Effect on the Catalytic Performance in the Dry Reforming and Partial Oxidation of Methane". Materials 15, nr 20 (18.10.2022): 7265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15207265.
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In order to clarify the role of R2O3 in the metal-oxide catalysts derived from complex oxide precursors, a series of R1.5Ca0.5NiO4 (R = Nd, Sm, Eu) complex oxides was obtained. A significant systematic increase in the orthorhombic distortion of the R1.5Ca0.5NiO4 structure (K2NiF4 type, Cmce) from Nd to Eu correlates with a corresponding decrease in their ionic radii. A reduction of R1.5Ca0.5NiO4 in the Ar/H2 gas mixture at 800 °C causes a formation of dense agglomerates of CaO and R2O3 coated with spherical 25–30 nm particles of Ni metal. The size of metal particles and oxide agglomerates is similar in all Ni/(R2O3,CaO) composites in the study. Their morphology is rather similar to the products of redox exsolution obtained by the partial reduction of complex oxides. All obtained composites demonstrated a significant catalytic activity in the dry reforming (DRM) and partial oxidation (POM) of methane at 700–800 °C. A systematic decrease in the DRM catalytic activity of composites from Nd to Eu could be attributed to the basicity reduction of R2O3 components of the composite catalysts. The maximum CH4 conversion in POM reaction was observed for Ni/(Sm2O3,CaO), while the maximum selectivity was demonstrated by Nd2O3-based composite. The possible reasons for the observed difference are discussed.
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Huang, Wenjing, Tianyuan Yao, Qingli Hao, Wenjuan Wang, Xifeng Xia i Xin Wang. "Synthesis and electrochemical properties of graphene oxide/manganese oxide/polyaniline and its reduced composites". RSC Adv. 4, nr 100 (2014): 56615–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra06360k.
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Hessien, Manal. "Methylene Blue Dye Adsorption on Iron Oxide-Hydrochar Composite Synthesized via a Facile Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization of Pomegranate Peels’ Waste". Molecules 28, nr 11 (2.06.2023): 4526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28114526.
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The toxicity of dyes has a long-lasting negative impact on aquatic life. Adsorption is an inexpensive, simple, and straightforward technique for eliminating pollutants. One of the challenges facing adsorption is that it is hard to collect the adsorbents after the adsorption. Adding a magnetic property to the adsorbents makes it easier to collect the adsorbents. The current work reports the synthesis of an iron oxide-hydrochar composite (FHC) and an iron oxide-activated hydrochar composite (FAC) through the microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization (MHC) technique, which is known as a timesaving and energy-efficient method. The synthesized composites were characterized using various techniques, such as FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM, and N2 isotherm. The prepared composites were applied in the adsorption of cationic methylene blue dye (MB). The composites were formed of crystalline iron oxide and amorphous hydrochar, with a porous structure for the hydrochar and a rod-like structure for the iron oxide. The pH of the point of zero charge (pHpzc) of the iron oxide-hydrochar composite and the iron oxide-activated hydrochar composite were 5.3 and 5.6, respectively. Approximately 556 mg and 50 mg of MB dye was adsorbed on the surface of 1 g of the FHC and FAC, respectively, according to the maximum adsorption capacity calculated using the Langmuir model.
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Filho, Aureo Murador, Dayse Iara dos Santos, Marcos Yukio Kussuda, Camilla dos Santos Zanatta, Jae Geon Kim, Don Qui Shi i Shi Xie Dou. "ZnO-TiO2 Composite Formed by Mixed Oxides via Polyol". Materials Science Forum 727-728 (sierpień 2012): 888–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.888.
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Among the researches on preparation and test of nanostructured materials, titanium dioxide and zinc oxide have been the most frequent studied oxides. In order to extend their properties, composites have been prepared using three different methods: Polyol Method, Sol-gel Process and a combination of the two processes (hybrid process). Recent research showed best properties in composite materials than in pure oxides. In this work is presented the preparation and the structural characterization of ZnO-TiO2 composite nanostructures to be tested for their performance in electrocatalysis and in further trial on photovoltaic cells.
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Soltani, Mehrdad, i Seid Abbas Hoseininejad. "Composite reinforcement by oxide TiO2". Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 20, nr 1 (1.02.2013): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2012-0042.
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AbstractThis composite has been developed by solidification processing by the addition of 0.5–3. 5 wt% powders of oxide TiO2 to molten Al-Cu alloy. The dry sliding wear behavior of pins of cast composite, fabricated by the solidification of the melt-particle slurry in mold, has been determined by pin-on-disc wear tests carried out conventionally and while removing wear debris by camel brush. The accumulated volume loss in composites increases linearly with increasing the sliding distance, and the wear rate increases more or less linearly with increasing load. The increasing particle content decreases the wear rate at a given load. The accumulated volume loss is considerably higher when the wear debris is removed by a camel brush during dry sliding wear. The relatively brighter compacted oxide transfer layer could be observed in the SEM micrograph of worn pin surfaces of the composites developed by the addition of TiO2. At higher loads, the oxide debris are expected to get better compacted to form the transfer layer, spread over a larger area of the sliding surface, and thus, their removal causes a larger wear compared to that without the removal of wear debris.
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Kim, Daeyoung, Heon Kang, Donghyun Bae, Seungjin Nam, Manuel Quevedo-Lopez i Hyunjoo Choi. "Synthesis of reduced graphene oxide/aluminum nanocomposites via chemical-mechanical processes". Journal of Composite Materials 52, nr 22 (21.02.2018): 3015–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318760152.
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The present study employed a combination of solution-based synthesis and mechanical milling to develop reduced graphene oxide/aluminum composites, in order to achieve uniform dispersion of reduced graphene oxide and strong interfaces between reduced graphene oxide and aluminum. First, spherical aluminum powder was flattened via mechanical milling to afford a large specific surface area and many reaction sites for the graphene oxide. A hydrophilic surface was then created by coating the aluminum powder with polyvinyl alcohol. The polyvinyl alcohol-coated aluminum slurry was mixed with a graphene oxide suspension, thereby inducing a reaction between graphene oxide and polyvinyl alcohol via hydrogen bonding. After thermal reduction, the composite powder was further ball milled and hot-pressed at 500℃ to produce a reduced graphene oxide/aluminum composite. The dispersion of reduced graphene oxide in the composite, as well as the mechanical and thermal behaviors of the composite, improved with increased flattening and specific surface area of the starting aluminum powder.
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Rogacheva, A. O., O. S. Khalipova, A. S. Brichkov i V. V. Kozik. "Production of TiO2/Cr2O3 Composite Material in the Spherical Form". Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences, nr 4 (85) (sierpień 2019): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/1812-3368-2019-4-124-133.
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Spherical TiO2/Cr2O3 oxides composites were obtained by template method accompanied with sol-gel method. Ion exchange resins of spherical form (TOKEM-100 and TOKEM-250) were used as an organic polymer matrix. Thermal analysis, X-ray phase analysis and micro-X-ray spectral analysis were used to identify the formation process and compositions of oxides composites. The formation of spherical oxide composite ends at 400 °C and the final products are a mixture of two oxides: Cr2O3 and TiO2 regardless of the structure of the used template. According SEM data prepared TiO2/Cr2O3 composites have spherical form and the size of sphere found to be in a range from 300 to 870 µm.
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Wan, Li Juan. "Synthesis of Carbon Nitride Intercalation Compound Composite and Study of Visible Light-Induced Photocatalytic Performance". Materials Science Forum 1032 (maj 2021): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1032.3.
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Novel visible light-induced carbon nitride intercalation compound (CNIC) with iron oxide composite photocatalyst with different content of iron oxide were synthesized through simple mixing and heat treatment. The composite photocatalyst was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and BET surface area measurements. The photocatalytic oxidation ability of the novel composite photocatalyst was evaluated using methyl range (MO) as a target pollutant. The experimental results showed the composites with a content of iron oxide exhibited the higher photocatalytic activity than either single-phase iron oxide or CNIC under visible-light irradiation. The as-prepared composite photocatalyst exhibits an improved photocatalytic activity due to enhancement of photo-generated electron–hole separations at the interface.
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Marinca, Traian Florin, Bogdan Viorel Neamțu, Florin Popa, Amalia Mesaroș i Ionel Chicinaș. "Spark Plasma Sintered Soft Magnetic Composite Based on Fe-Si-Al Surface Oxidized Powders". Materials 15, nr 22 (8.11.2022): 7875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15227875.
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Soft magnetic composites (SMCs) need a stable matrix to apply heat treatments for enhancing their magnetic characteristics. A stable matrix can be offered by alumina, but the densification of the ferromagnetic particles covered by this oxide (by sintering) can be very difficult. This paper proposes a feasible synthesis route for obtaining alumina matrix SMCs. An Fe-Si-Al alloy with nominal composition Fe85Si9Al6 was obtained by mechanical alloying of elemental Fe, Si, and Al powders, and further, the as-milled powders were superficially oxidized by immersion in HCl solution. The oxide layer was composed of iron, silicon, and aluminum oxides, as the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy technique revealed. The Fe-Si-Al@oxide powder was densified by the spark plasma sintering technique—SPS. Upon sintering, a continuous matrix of oxide (mainly alumina) was formed by the reaction of the Fe-Si-Al powder coreswith their oxide layer. The main part of the composite compacts after sintering consisted of an Fe3Si-ordered phase dispersed in an oxide matrix. The DC and AC tests of magnetic composite compacts showed that upon increasing the sintering temperature, the density, magnetic induction, and magnetic permeability increased. The initial magnetic permeability was constant in the entire range of testing frequencies and the magnetic losses increased linearly. The stability of the magnetic characteristics in frequency is promising for developing further such types of magnetic composite.
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Li, Xiu Ping, Rong Xiang Zhao i Chu Jia Li. "Preparation and Photocatalyst of Ce/Zn Composite Oxide". Advanced Materials Research 873 (grudzień 2013): 441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.873.441.
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With abscibe acid as combustion agent, Zn (NO3)27H2O and Ce (NO3)36H2O as raw material, the CeO2-ZnO composite oxide was synthesized by an novel combustion method. The experiment investaged the effect of molar ratio of combustion agents, Zn and Ce on composite oxides. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, IR, UV. The molar ratio of Ce, Zn and combustion agents is different, the composite oxides possess various morphology and properities. The photocatalytic experiment of composite oxide showed that under the optimal photocatalytic condition Methylene blue solution is completely degradated to need 240 min and under the optimal decoloring condition Methylene blue solution is completely decolorized to need 180 min.
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Gordon-Nuñez, Franklin, Katherine Vaca-Escobar, Milton Villacís-García, Lenys Fernández, Alexis Debut, María Belén Aldás-Sandoval i Patricio J. Espinoza-Montero. "Applicability of Goethite/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites to Remove Lead from Wastewater". Nanomaterials 9, nr 11 (7.11.2019): 1580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9111580.
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Lead ion in drinking water is one of the most dangerous metals. It affects several systems, such as the nervous, gastrointestinal, reproductive, renal, and cardiovascular systems. Adsorption process is used as a technology that can solve this problem through suitable composites. The adsorption of lead (Pb(II)) on graphene oxide (GO) and on two goethite (α-FeOOH)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composites (composite 1: 0.10 g GO: 22.22 g α-FeOOH and composite 2: 0.10 g GO: 5.56 g α-FeOOH), in aqueous medium, was studied. The GO was synthesized from a commercial pencil lead. Composites 1 and 2 were prepared from GO and ferrous sulfate. The GO and both composites were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The adsorption capacity of Pb(II) on the GO and both composites was evaluated through adsorption isotherms. Composite 1 presented a significant agglomeration of α-FeOOH nanorods on the reduced graphene oxide layers. Meanwhile, composite 2 exhibited a more uniform distribution of nanorods. The adsorption of Pb(II) on the three adsorbents fits the Langmuir isotherm, with an adsorption capacity of 277.78 mg/g for composite 2200 mg/g for GO and 138.89 mg/g for composite 1. Composite 2 emerged as a highly efficient alternative to purify water contaminated with Pb(II).
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Tran, Vinh Van, Truong Thi Vu Nu, Hong-Ryun Jung i Mincheol Chang. "Advanced Photocatalysts Based on Conducting Polymer/Metal Oxide Composites for Environmental Applications". Polymers 13, nr 18 (8.09.2021): 3031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13183031.
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Photocatalysts provide a sustainable method of treating organic pollutants in wastewater and converting greenhouse gases. Many studies have been published on this topic in recent years, which signifies the great interest and attention that this topic inspires in the community, as well as in scientists. Composite photocatalysts based on conducting polymers and metal oxides have emerged as novel and promising photoactive materials. It has been demonstrated that conducting polymers can substantially improve the photocatalytic efficiency of metal oxides owing to their superior photocatalytic activities, high conductivities, and unique electrochemical and optical properties. Consequently, conducting polymer/metal oxide composites exhibit a high photoresponse and possess a higher surface area allowing for visible light absorption, low recombination of charge carriers, and high photocatalytic performance. Herein, we provide an overview of recent advances in the development of conducting polymer/metal oxide composite photocatalysts for organic pollutant degradation and CO2 conversion through photocatalytic processes.
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Lota, Katarzyna, Agnieszka Sierczynska i Grzegorz Lota. "Supercapacitors Based on Nickel Oxide/Carbon Materials Composites". International Journal of Electrochemistry 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/321473.
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In the thesis, the properties of nickel oxide/active carbon composites as the electrode materials for supercapacitors are discussed. Composites with a different proportion of nickel oxide/carbon materials were prepared. A nickel oxide/carbon composite was prepared by chemically precipitating nickel hydroxide on an active carbon and heating the hydroxide at 300 ∘Cin the air. Phase compositions of the products were characterized using X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The morphology of the composites was observed by SEM. The electrochemical performances of composite electrodes used in electrochemical capacitors were studied in addition to the properties of electrode consisting of separate active carbon and nickel oxide only. The electrochemical measurements were carried out using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge, and impedance spectroscopy. The composites were tested in 6 M KOH aqueous electrolyte using two- and three-electrode Swagelok systems. The results showed that adding only a few percent of nickel oxide to active carbon provided the highest value of capacity. It is the confirmation of the fact that such an amount of nickel oxide is optimal to take advantage of both components of the composite, which additionally can be a good solution as a negative electrode in asymmetric configuration of electrode materials in an electrochemical capacitor.
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Rahman, Mohammad Mizanur. "Polyurethane/Zinc Oxide (PU/ZnO) Composite—Synthesis, Protective Property and Application". Polymers 12, nr 7 (11.07.2020): 1535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12071535.
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A polyurethane (PU) is a multifunctional polymer prepared by using more than two types of monomers. The unique properties of PU come from monomers, thus broadening the applicability of PU in many different sectors. The properties can be further improved by using many nanoparticles. Different metal oxides as nanoparticles are also widely used in PU materials. ZnO is a widely used inorganic metal oxide nanoparticle for improving polymer properties. In this review article, the techniques to prepare a PU/ZnO composite are reviewed; the key protective properties, such as adhesive strength and self-healing, and applications of PU/ZnO composites are also highlighted. This review also highlights the PU/ZnO composite’s current challenges and future prospects, which will help to broaden the composite practical application by preparing environmentally friendly composites.
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Okafor, Patricia, i Jude Iroh. "Electrochemical Properties of Porous Graphene/Polyimide-Nickel Oxide Hybrid Composite Electrode Material". Energies 14, nr 3 (23.01.2021): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030582.
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Polyimide-graphene nanosheet composite electrodes are rigid and dense and, therefore, exhibit moderate electrochemical properties. The electrochemical properties of polyimide-graphene nanosheet electrodes were remarkably improved by creating voids in the composite followed by the insertion of nickel oxide into the composites. Nickel oxide particles were electrodeposited onto the porous graphene/poly(amic acid) composite, containing poly (acrylic resin). The hybrid composite was then subjected to thermal treatment at ≥ 300 °C to simultaneously complete imidization and degrade the poly (acrylic resin). Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to study the eletrochemical properties of the composite electrode material. It is shown that remarkable improvement in the electrochemical behavior of the hybrid composite occurred due to the removal of poly(acrylic acid) and the insertion of NiO particles into the polyimide matrix. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of the hybrid composites show distinct characteristic peaks for polyimide and NiO in the hybrid composite electrode. Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM images of the composites, show the presence of NiO aggregates in the composite material. Compared to neat graphene/polyimide composite electrode (GR/PI) composites, the specific capacitance of the hybrid composite electrode increased remarkably by over 250% due to the high interfacial surface area provided by NiO and the concomitant improvement in the electrode–electrolyte interaction.
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Pal, Rishi, Sneh Lata Goyal i Anil Kumar Gupta. "Polyaniline/oxide-based core-shell like structured composites for reduction in electromagnetic pollution". International Journal of Innovative Research in Physics 2, nr 4 (5.07.2021): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15864/ijiip.2403.
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Polyaniline (PANI) based composites with manganese dioxide (MnO2, 30 wt.%) and vanadium pentaoxide (V2O5, 30 wt.%) have been synthesized using the in-situ polymerization synthesis route, whereas both the oxides used as filler materials in the polyaniline matrix. The amalgamated composites have been analyzed for morphological investigation and shielding the incident electromagnetic (EM) waves in the frequency range 8.2-12.4 GHz (X-band). PANI/MnO2 and PANI/V2O5 composites are synthesized in core-shell like morphology, whereas PANI act as core while oxide act as the shell. The shielding of EM waves has been investigated in terms of shielding effectiveness (SE). PANI/MnO2 composite exhibits the efficient SE value i.e. ~50 dB as shown in the figure. This higher value of SE is due to the ferromagnetic character of MnO2 particles which increases the dielectric losses in the specimen. Whereas, PANI/V2O5 composite attain the smaller value of SE i.e. ~9 dB, because V2O5 particles are diamagnetic in nature, thus dielectric losses decrease. Moreover, SE decreases with an increase in frequency due to a decrease in dielectric losses. PANI/MnO2 composite has an SE value greater than the minimum requirement for industrial application i.e. 30 dB, thus, PANI/MnO2 composite can be used as EM shielding material, whereas, PANI/V2O5 composite can’t fulfill this requirement.
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Panić, V., A. Dekanski, S. Lj Gojković, S. K. Milonjić, V. B. Mišković-Stanković i B. Nikolić. "Morphology and Capacitive Properties of [RuOxHy/Low Surface Area Carbon Black] Composite Materials Prepared by Sol Gel Procedure". Materials Science Forum 494 (wrzesień 2005): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.494.235.
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The morphology and the capacitive properties of carbon supported hydrous ruthenium oxide (RuOxHy/C), prepared by impregnation of low-surface area carbon black VulcanÒ XC-72 R with solid phase of RuOxHy sol, were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The oxide sols of different ageing times, prepared by forced hydrolysis of RuCl3, were used for composite preparation. The prepared composites show considerably higher capacitance values in acid electrolyte if compared to carbon black support. Microscopic investigations show that the extent of impregnation and the composite surface appearance depend on ageing time. The composite capacitance increases with ageing time of oxide sol. A gradual decrease in capacitance of thermally untreated composite with charging/discharging cycles was registered, which appears to be related to the extent of impregnation, too. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements indicate an in-depth capacitance distribution through the composite layer. It was found that NafionÒ layer, used to ensure the adhesion of the composite layer to the current collector, influenced the composite impedance behavior, especially on the oxide-rich parts of the composite surface.
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Corso, Marla, Ana Carolina de Dias Albuquerque, Lídia Pereira Amaro, Lilian Keylla Berto, Silvia Luciana Favaro, Hugo Eiji Imai, Adriano Pereira Cardoso, Natália Ueda Yamaguchi i Luciana Cristina Soto Herek Rezende. "Graphene oxide synthesis for composite material preparation". Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciências Ambientais 10, nr 1 (20.06.2019): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.6008/cbpc2179-6858.2019.001.0013.
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Graphene, a material formed by carbon atoms with sp2 hybridization in a hexagonal arrangement, has differentiated characteristics in comparison to commercial materials such as high flexibility, high electrical and thermal conductivity, and strong resistance due to the organized structure of the material and can be applied in several branches of research. The best-known method for the production of graphene is the exfoliation of graphite using the methodology proposed by Hummers, in which the commercial graphite is oxidized obtaining as final product the graphene oxide that can be converted into graphene. In this study, the Hummers methodology was used in the oxidation of synthetic graphite and graphene nanoplates of 5 μm and 15 μm. The obtained materials were characterized by FTIR, RAMAN and XRD, allowing to observe the best synthesis to be used in the production of graphene oxide. Then, composites were prepared using the graphene oxides obtained as filler. In order to obtain them, different mass quantities of graphene oxides (1%, 3% and 5% in relation to the polypropylene polymer matrix) were used, demonstrating by the strain tensile stress tests that the composite materials have results more satisfactory than pure polypropylene.
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Nesov, S. N., Yu A. Stenkin, S. A. Matushenko, I. A. Lobov, K. E. Ivlev i A. M. Badamshin. "EFFECT OF SYNTHESIS MODES ON ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPOSITES BASED ON MULTI-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES AND MANGANESE OXIDE DOPED WITH SILVER OXIDE". DYNAMICS OF SYSTEMS, MECHANISMS AND MACHINES 11, nr 4 (2023): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/2310-9793-2023-11-4-23-28.
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In this work, promising electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes and manganese oxide doped with silver oxide were obtained and studied. To form the composites, the method of exposure of carbon material in an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate with the addition of silver nitrate in various quantities was used. It has been established that an increase in the amount of silver nitrate during the formation of the composite leads to an increase in the mass loading of the composite with both silver oxide and manganese oxide, which provides higher electrochemical characteristics of the material. The maximum specific capacity of the composite with a high content of manganese and silver was about 146 and 65 F/g at discharge current densities of 0.1 and 1.0 A/g, respectively. The high capacitive characteristics of the composite are ensured by a combination of the electrochemical activity of manganese oxide and the low electrical resistance of silver oxide.
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Pędzich, Zbigniew. "Fracture of Oxide Matrix Composites with Different Phase Arrangement". Key Engineering Materials 409 (marzec 2009): 244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.409.244.
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The paper presents the analysis of the fracture path in composites with the alumina or zirconia matrix containing inclusions of another oxide or tungsten carbide. The description concerns the fracture of composite systems with 10 vol.% of inclusions (particulate composites), other three-systems with 33 vol.% of inclusions of each phase and the two phase composite with the equal phase content (50 : 50 vol.%). The different phase proportion and diversified content of inclusions cause significant differences in the microstructure of composites. The main difference between particulate composites and composites with continuous phases depends on a possibility of occurrence of toughening mechanisms connected with crack – inclusions interactions. In connection with a different interphase boundary strength, this phenomenon leads to significant differences in the way of composite fracture. The presented results of mechanical properties of composites were analyzed in the aspect of their way of fracture.
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Wu, Z., Q. Gao, Q. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Zhang i Y. Zhang. "Effect of hollow beads content in aluminum oxide hollow beads reinforced epoxy composites on mechanical and energy absorption properties of the composites". Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 55, nr 12 (grudzień 2024): 1640–51. https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202400163.
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AbstractAluminum oxide hollow microbeads/epoxy resin composite is a kind of epoxy resin‐based multi‐porous energy‐absorbing material. This study improved the brittleness and toughness of epoxy resin. Adding hollow aluminum oxide microbeads with different mass fractions increased the energy absorption capacity. Quasi‐static compression tests were carried out at room temperature to test the compression properties of epoxy resin/hollow microbead composites. The composites′ energy absorption properties and energy absorption efficiency were analyzed and calculated using the obtained compression curves. The fracture characteristics and microscopic morphology of the composite specimens were observed by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that aluminum oxide hollow microbeads, as reinforcement material, can effectively improve the brittleness and yield strength of epoxy resin materials and enhance the energy absorption performance and energy absorption efficiency of composite materials. With the increase in the mass fraction of hollow microbeads, the energy absorption performance of the composite material first increases and then decreases. Its performance is the most significant when the mass fraction of aluminum oxide hollow microbeads is 10 %.
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Jamaludin, Shamsul Baharin, Josef Hadipramana, Mohd Fitri Mohd Wahid, Kamarudin Hussin i Azmi Rahmat. "Microstructure and Interface Analysis of Glass Particulate Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composite". Advanced Materials Research 795 (wrzesień 2013): 578–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.795.578.
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A characterization of microstructure and interface was made on the composites Al-4 % Cu reinforced with 15 wt. % glass particulate. The composite was fabricated by powder metallurgy followed by solution treatment and artificial ageing. The microstructures of the composite showed that the glass particulates were in-homogenously distributed in the matrix and segregated near copper. The aluminum oxide layer was found between aluminum, copper and glass particulate. Micro cracks were observed in the aluminum oxide layer and at the interface between aluminum oxide layer and aluminum. Hardness increased as ageing time increased. Interface behavior and aging time influenced the hardness of the composite.
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Shivakumar, S. P., A. S. Sharan i K. Sadashivappa. "Experimental Investigations on Vibration Properties of Aluminium Matrix Composites Reinforced with Iron Oxide Particles". Applied Mechanics and Materials 895 (listopad 2019): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.895.122.
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Aluminium matrix composites offer improved damping properties than other metals and its alloy. Generally pure metals and its alloys may have fairly good mechanical properties but falls short in damping properties. Aluminium matrix composites are becoming important in aerospace automobile and marine applications due to its god damping properties. The present investigation is concerned with the damping capacity of iron oxide (Fe2O3) reinforced aluminium matrix composite. The composites were fabricated with 2%, 4% and 6%, by weight of iron oxide with varied particle of size 40 μm and 500 nm in equal proportions using stir casting process. From the results obtained the 500 nm size with 4 wt% of iron oxide showed improved dynamic properties. The iron oxides reinforced with aluminum matrix are found to be new substitutes for the existing materials with low damping properties.
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Mikhaylov, Alexey A., Alexander G. Medvedev, Dmitry A. Grishanov, Timur M. Fazliev, Vasilii Chernyshev, Elena A. Mel’nik, Tatiana A. Tripol’skaya, Ovadia Lev i Petr V. Prikhodchenko. "Electrochemical Behavior of Reduced Graphene Oxide Supported Germanium Oxide, Germanium Nitride, and Germanium Phosphide as Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes Obtained from Highly Soluble Germanium Oxide". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, nr 7 (6.04.2023): 6860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076860.
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Germanium and germanium-based compounds are widely used in microelectronics, optics, solar cells, and sensors. Recently, germanium and its oxides, nitrides, and phosphides have been studied as active electrode materials in lithium- and sodium-ion battery anodes. Herein, the newly introduced highly soluble germanium oxide (HSGO) was used as a versatile precursor for germanium-based functional materials. In the first stage, a germanium-dioxide-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite was obtained by complete precipitation of GeO2 nanoparticles on the GO from an aqueous solution of HSGO and subsequent thermal treatment in argon at low temperature. The composition of the composite, GeO2-rGO (20 to 80 wt.% of crystalline phase), was able to be accurately determined by the HSGO to GO ratio in the initial solution since complete deposition and precipitation were achieved. The chemical activity of germanium dioxide nanoparticles deposited on reduced graphene oxide was shown by conversion to rGO-supported germanium nitride and phosphide phases. The GeP-rGO and Ge3N4-rGO composites with different morphologies were prepared in this study for the first time. As a test case, composite materials with different loadings of GeO2, GeP, and Ge3N4 were evaluated as lithium-ion battery anodes. Reversible conversion–alloying was demonstrated in all cases, and for the low-germanium loading range (20 wt.%), almost theoretical charge capacity based on the germanium content was attained at 100 mA g−1 (i.e., 2595 vs. 2465 mAh g−1 for Ge3N4 and 1790 vs. 1850 mAh g−1 for GeP). The germanium oxide was less efficiently exploited due to its lower conversion reversibility.
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Ran, Jing, Ping Zhang, Wei Zhong Yang, Da Li Zhou, Heng Liu i Zhe Li. "Preparation and Properties of Zinc Oxide and Titanium Oxide Ultra-Fine Composite Particles for Attenuation of Ultraviolet Radiation". Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (kwiecień 2007): 822–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.822.
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A co-precipitation preparation method and the properties of an ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating agent are described in this paper. The composite particles of ultra-fine zinc oxide and titanium oxide are used to attenuate UV radiation. Preparation of TiOSO4, ZnCl2 solution and the co-precipitation of the composite particles by alkali are included during the process. Various types of surfactants have been used to modify the composite particles. Particle sizes are determined by laser particle analyzer, and reflectance and absorption coefficient are determined by UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Results show that particle size of the composite particles as well as total reflectance and absorption coefficient depend on the surfactants, pH value, and carline temperature. The average sizes of zinc oxide and titanium oxide ultra-fine particles range from39 to 65 nm. Attenuation capability of ultraviolet radiation becomes stronger when the particle average sizes becomes smaller. Composites less than 40 nm with titanium oxide of rutile phase attenuate most effectively the ultraviolet radiation ranging from 280 nm to 390 nm.
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Min, Xin, Jun Jie Bian, Shu Zhang, Chun Hu Li i Li Juan Feng. "Preparation and Evaluation of Fe2O3/Ceramic Composites for Flue Gas Desulfurization". Applied Mechanics and Materials 117-119 (październik 2011): 1410–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.117-119.1410.
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Ceramic supported ferric oxide composites were synthesized by impregnation- precipitation (I) and sol-gel (II) methods using FeSO4as a precursor. We investigated the effect of the calcination temperatures on the structure, morphology, and agglomeration of supported ferric oxide. It has been found that Fe2O3was stabilized when the as-synthesized composites were calcinated at 330-360 °C under 10% (v/v) O2/N2mixture, and the calcination temperature was chosen as 350°C . The SEM images demonstrated that for the composite I, which was prepared by method (I), Fe2O3 nanoparticles were distributed on the surface and pores of the ceramic; while for the composite II, which was synthesized by method (II), Fe2O3thin layer was covered the surface of the ceramic. EDS analysis showed 7.9% (wt) ferric oxide had been supported on the composite I and up to 13.3% (wt) ferric oxide on the composite II. XPS analysis revealed that the valence of iron was +3 on both composites. Fe2O3/ceramic composites were used as the catalysts for low temperature wet Flue Gas Desulphurization (FGD), and demonstrated higher SO2removal efficiency. Because of the excellent hydrophilicity of ceramic and high dispersibility of Fe2O3 on ceramic surface, this catalyst had high SO2removal efficiency at 60°C even at pH2O3/ceramic composites, prepared by a simple, reproducible impregnation-precipitation and sol-gel method, was an inexpensive, active catalyst for S(IV) catalytic oxidation in wet FGD process in an economical feasible temperature range.
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Alister G., Willis, i Saharudin Haron. "Synthesis of composite thin-film polymer consisting of tungsten and zinc oxide as hydrogen gas detector". E3S Web of Conferences 90 (2019): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199001008.
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A composite polymer consisting of polyaniline (PANI) was synthesised via oxidative polymerisation by varying concentrations of transitional metal oxides and the presence of a hydrogen dissociation catalyst, palladium (Pd). The metal oxides chosen for this study were tungsten oxide (WO3) and zinc oxide (ZnO). The composite polymer samples were characterised using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy where ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy was used to observe the optical changes of the thin films due to exposure to hydrogen. The FTIR spectra obtained confirmed the synthesis of PANI composite. Based on the UV-VIS analysis, PANI-ZnO composite polymer showed the highest difference in peak intensity before and after exposure to hydrogen with 11.4% difference.