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Shepherd, Peter James, i psshep@unimelb edu au. "Business planning by small owner managed enterprises in the Victorian forestry sector". RMIT University. Graduate School of Business, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20061116.164513.
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Planning by owner-managers of small business has not received the attention from researchers a sector of such importance deserves. Using the forestry sector in Victoria as a sample, an investigation into the background and the planning undertaken by the owner-managers of small businesses was designed and implemented. The people consulted by the owner-manager as part of the planning process were identified as well as the topics discussed. A range of approaches to planning were identified and grouped into non-planners, partial planners and formal planners. The sample was divided into Consultants and Contractors based on the type of work undertaken and the equipment used. Further sub-sets were identified. Contractors were split into Labour Intensive Contractors and Capital Intensive Contractors and the Consultants were also divided by age into
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Salzberg, Anna. "ADOPTING SUSTAINABILITY INNOVATIONS IN RESTAURANTS: An Evaluation of the Factors Influencing Owner-Managers’ Decisions in Richmond, Virginia". VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4575.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing restaurant Owner-Managers’ decisions to adopt sustainability innovations in restaurants. A cross-sectional survey research design is used for this study, which entails distributing a survey to restaurants in the City of Richmond, Virginia, to gain an understanding of the factors influencing sustainability innovation adoption. Drawing from both the innovation adoption theory and the theory of planned behavior, the researcher contributes a baseline of the restaurants’ sustainability and the Owner-Managers’ intrinsic motivations. By integrating innovation adoption theory’s perceived innovation characteristics and measuring restaurants’ past sustainability behavior, this study increases the overall explanatory power of the theory of planned behavior. The findings demonstrate the need for new policy that effectively increases the rate of sustainability innovation adoption throughout Richmond’s restaurant industry. This study’s baseline contribution enables policymakers to move from planning to the implementation of the initiatives needed to achieve the economic development goal and first objective detailed in the City of Richmond’s sustainability plan, RVAgreen: A Roadmap to Sustainability (2011).
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Simon, Erik Benjamin. "THE INFLUENCE OF INCENTIVES OFFERED BY LOCAL GOVERNMENTS TO PRIVATE DEVELOPERS OR LAND OWNERS ON THE RATE OF BROWNFIELD REDEVELOPMENT". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2009. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/123.
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Redevelopment of brownfield sites has become increasingly popular since the inception of voluntary cleanup programs in the early to mid 1990’s. Local governments have begun to offer incentives to private developers or land owners to offset costs associated with contamination and encourage the redevelopment of properties that are typically underutilized. Incentives may take several forms including, but not limited to, fast-tracked project approval, risk based cleanup standards, liability relief, tax breaks, and direct funding assistance.
This study investigates how incentives that are offered by local governments to private developers or land owners influence the rate of redevelopment in their sphere of influence. A survey was administered to local governments throughout the State of California to determine how incentives are used for the redevelopment of brownfields. Results from this study show a preference by participating local governments to offer direct funding assistance, which may be directly linked to a relative level of inexperience.
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Sondlo, Dumisani. "Exploring business and owner traits of small and medium enterprises that exhibit increased revenues in South African townships : the case of selected townships in Strand". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71928.
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Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Apart from meeting basic customer needs, small and medium enterprises in the townships are a source of employment and livelihood for many. Businesses in the townships of the Strand have mushroomed from a formerly neglected area, like others in various townships throughout South Africa. Yet very little is known about them and their owners. What are their characteristics? What traits distinguish those that make higher revenues from the rest? Many of these small businesses have emerged without government assistance, even though such support is often seen as a non-factor in determining the rate of an enterprise’s growth. Entrepreneurship, as literature often explains, is a dynamic endeavour which requires a business founder to display both determination and skill. Yet very few businesses normally survive the early stages. Many aspects of entrepreneurship need to be practically learned to enable the business to overcome many prevalent obstacles, and thus enable the enterprise to grow and contribute to job-creation. Not all entrepreneurs are alike in their capability to spot an opportunity. Also, entrepreneurs differ in their ability to either steer or set up systems to take an enterprise through its various transitions. Yet still, the financial strategic decisions made at inception stage often influence the rate at which businesses will generate revenues later in existence. Government, both local and national, has a responsibility to provide an enabling environment for businesses to thrive. Using a study of spaza and informal trade done in the past by Unisa and by Bojanala Platinum District Municipality as a baseline, this study surveyed 60.6 percent of businesses in the Strand townships that were identified through the database of both Khanyolwethu School and Sinobulumko Business Association. The main areas of focus were – the socio-economic and demographic profile, the physical characteristics, financing, relationship with suppliers, transport, income/turnover and traits that distinguish higher-revenue businesses from others. Analyses through the Mann-Whitney U, the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the chi-square and the Kruskal-Wallis test then showed that the businesses that tend to make larger monthly revenues are those that are owned by males, using cheque accounts for the business, and those whose main suppliers deliver merchandise to their premises. The businesses that make larger daily revenues were shown to be those that are owned by males, registered with CIPRO, using cheque accounts for the business and those whose owners have Grade 7 to 9 qualifications and above. For government, the results of this study call for a further refining of the criteria used for loaning to businesses in townships, as well as to make the public more aware of the assistance provided by government’s business support agencies. For banks, the study calls for the designing of a ‘Spaza Account’, tailored to the needs and skills level of businesses owners in the townships. Socially, the study calls for the tearing down of all the walls that make it difficult for open trade to take place
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Klein besighede in informele nedersettings spreek die behoefte aan van kliënte en genereer ‘n tipe inkomste, maar daar is min kennis oor eienaars se belange. Besighede in die Strand se informele nedersettings was gestig in minderbevooregte gebiede, soos baie ander regdeur Suid Afrika. Watter karaktereienskappe beskik hierdie eienaars om ‘n beter inkomste te genereer as die res van die inwoners? Baie van hierdie besighede het ontstaan sonder enige hulp van regering instansies ten spyte van ondersteuningsdienste wat aan hulle beskikbaar was. Afhangende van die groei van die besigheidseienaar word dit in elk geval nie in ag geneem nie. Entrepreneurskap verduidelik letterlik dat die besigheids eienaar uithouvermoe en vaardighede kan uitbeeld. Baie min van hierdie besighede oorleef hulle eerste fase vanuit die staanspoor. Baie aspekte van die besigheid moet prakties aangeleer word om daaglikse uitdagings te oorkom. Op hierdie wyse groei die mark en sodoende word werksgeleenthede geskep. Nie alle besighede is sodanig op hoogte van sake om geleenthede raak te sien nie. Dikwels verskil bestuurstyle van besighede om sisteme in plek te stel wat verandering kan meebring. Finansiële besluite wat geneem is aan die begin stadium het ‘n impak op inkomste wat op ‘n later stadium in die besigheid gegenereer word. Beide die nasionale en plaaslike regering het die verantwoordelikheid om ‘n goedgegewe besigheids omgewing te skep vir besigheidsgroei. ‘n Vorige studie van ‘n spaza en oor informele handel deur Unisa en Bojanala Platinum Distriksmunisipaliteit was as basis gebruik. Die studie het bewys dat 60.6 persent van besighede in informele nedersettings in die Strand geidentifiseer is deur gebruik te maak van die databasisse van beide plaaslike skole en besigheidsvereningings. Die hoof fokus areas was die sosio-ekonomiese en demografiese profiele, die fisiese karaktereienskappe, finansiering, verhoudinge met verskaffers, vervoer, inkomste en kenmerke wat die hoër – inkomste genererende besigheide van die ander skei. Analises deur die Mann-Whitney, die Spearman rank korrelasie, die Chi-square en die Kruskal-Wallis toetse bewys dat besighede met ‘n hoër maandelikse inkomste deur mans besit word wat hulle besigheide vanaf hulle eiendomme bestuur en gebruik maak van tjekrekeninge. Die besighede wat ‘n daaglikse hoër inkomste genereer is ook daardie wat deur mans besit word, geregistreer is by CIPRO, gebruik maak van tjek rekeninge vir die besigheid en daardie van wie se eienaars kwalifikasies van graad 7 tot 9 en hoër het. Asgevolg van die uitkoms van hierdie studie, soos van toepassing op die regering, moet vereistes vir lenings aan besighede in informele nedersettings hersien word. Die publiek moet ook meer bewus gemaak word oor die ondersteuning wat deur die regering beskikbaar gestel word. Ten opsigte van banke het die studie uitgelig dat daar ‘n spesiale ‘Spaza rekening’ geskep moet word wat voldoen aan die behoeftes en vaardighede van besigheidseienaars in die informele nedersettings. Op ‘n sosiale vlak vra die studie aan dat die ‘mure’ wat dit moeilik en onmoontlik maak vir ope mark besigheids geleenthede om plaas te vind, afgebreek moet word.
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Muyingo, Henry. "Property management and maintenance in the multifamily housing sector in Sweden". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-182663.
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Several studies and government reports have indicated that a large number of apartments in Sweden built during the 1960s and 1970s require extensive refurbishment and that there is concern that some companies in the rental housing sector and in the tenant-owner cooperative (TOC) sector may have difficulties carrying out the needed activities. The overall purpose of the thesis is to increase the understanding of the factors that influence the decisions made within the multi faceted property management of multifamily housing in Sweden which would mitigate some of the shortcomings. Econometric analysis and semi-structured interviews as well as questionnaires carried out within the TOC sector as well as the public and the private rental housing sectors provide the basis of the conclusions arrived at. The aim is to contribute to raising efficiency in maintenance and property management within the housing sector in Sweden. The major conclusions presented in the thesis are that: maintenance as a concept is unnecessary from a decision-making perspective as the concept of investment embraces all the relevant decisions; maintenance models in manufacturing industries could be applied within the housing sector but building maintenance is different and should be grounded on a strategy that allows for the continuous adjustment of maintenance plans based on a regularly up-to-date decision support system in the company or TOC; reported maintenance costs within the municipal (public) and the private rental sectors in Sweden continuously diverge mainly due to principal-agency issues of a socio-political character, in the form of political involvement in the operations of public housing companies, as well as the way companies define maintenance together with the timing of the maintenance measures; hidden incentives in the form of cooperative members, managers or service providers that seek short term gains together with the lack of a long-term perspective in the decision-making as well as a high turnover rate of committee members are major challenges to efficient property management within the Swedish TOC sector. Similarly, the information asymmetry between the professionals (constructors as well as service providers) and the amateur decision-makers in the managing committees, especially in cooperatives with newly constructed buildings, is a substantial source of losses in efficiency within the operations of the TOCs. Major contributions of the thesis are that: it promotes the view of maintenance as an investment and highlights the possibility of cost saving through the linking together of several measures as well as the challenges involved; it points to the need within the housing sector for better decision support tools as well as knowledge transfer and sharing; it calls for the government to promote policies that would reduce the degree of information asymmetry between the procurers of services within the TOC sector and the construction companies as well as other service providers. A requirement of formal competence and certification could be a step towards increasing the degree of qualified decision making and efficiency in property management within the housing sector. How this could be implemented nationwide in the different housing sectors is an issue worth further investigation.Flera studier och statliga rapporter har visat att ett stort antal lägenheter i Sverige som byggdes under 1960- och 1970-talet kräver omfattande renovering och att det finns oro för att vissa företag i bostadshyressektorn och i bostadsrättssektorn kan ha svårigheter att utföra nödvändiga åtgärder. Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen är att öka förståelsen av de faktorer som påverkar beslutfattning inom den mångfacetterad fastighetsförvaltning av flerfamiljshus i Sverige, vilket skulle mildra några av bristerna. Ekonometriska analyser och semistrukturerade intervjuer samt enkäter som genomföddes inom Brf sektorn samt den offentliga och den privata hyresbostadssektorn utgör grunden för de slutsatser som dragits. Syftet är att bidra till att höja effektiviteten i underhåll och fastighetsförvaltning inom bostadssektorn i Sverige. De viktigaste slutsatserna i avhandlingen är att: underhållet som begrepp är onödigt från ett beslutsperspektiv eftersom begreppet investering omfattar alla relevanta beslut; underhållsstrategier i tillverkningsindustrin skulle kunna tillämpas inom bostadssektorn men byggnadsunderhåll skiljer sig och bör grundas på en strategi som gör det möjligt för kontinuerlig anpassning av underhållsplaner baserat på ett reguljärt uppdaterad beslutsstödsystem i företaget eller TOC; redovisade underhållskostnader inom den kommunala och den privata hyresbostadssektorn i Sverige kontinuerligt avviker från varandra främst på grund av principal-agent frågor av sociopolitisk karaktär, i form av politisk inblandning i verksamheten inom de allmännyttiga bostadsföretag, och hur företag definierar underhåll samt tidpunkten för underhållsåtgärderna; effektiv fastighetsförvaltning inom den svenska Brf sektorn kompliceras av olika aktörer (kooperativets medlemmar, che fer eller tjänsteleverantörer) med dolda incitament, avsaknaden av ett långsiktigt perspektiv i beslutsfattandet, en hög omsättning av kommittémedlemmar samt informationsasymmetri mellan yrkesverksamma (konstruktörer samt tjänsteleverantörer) och amatör beslutsfattare inom Brfer, särskilt i kooperativ med nybyggda hus, vilket utgör en stor källa till effektivitetsförluster inom verksamheten i Brf sektorn. Avhandlingens viktiga bidrag är att: det främjar synen på underhåll som en investering och understryker möjligheten till kostnadsbesparingar genom att knyta ihop flera åtgärder samt de utmaningar som kan finnas; det pekar på behovet inom bostadssektorn för bättre beslutsunderlagsverktyg liksom kunskapsöverföring och delning samt uppmuntrar den regeringen att främja en politik som skulle minska graden av informationsasymmetri mellan beställare av tjänster inom Brf sektorn och byggföretag samt andra tjänsteleverantörer. Ett krav på formell kompetens och certifiering kan vara ett steg mot att öka graden av kvalificerad beslutsfattande och effektivitet inom fastighetsförvaltning i bostadssektorn. Hur detta skulle kunna genomföras i hela landet i de olika bostadssektorerna är en fråga som ytterligare skulle kunna undersökas.
QC 20160223
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Owusu, Kwame. "A study of factors leading to growth in small firms : an examination of factors that impact on growth of small manufacturing in least developed countries : the case of Ghana". Doctoral thesis, University of Bradford, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4407.
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The focus of this study is to examine the factors that lead to growth in
small firms in a Least Developed Country (LDC). The research is
based on the manufacturing sector in Ghana. The main objectives of
the research are to identify the key variables that lead to small firms'
growth and to ascertain the critical barriers that impede growth.
A research model which is developed out of an initial exploratory
research and existing literature focuses on how the characteristics of
the owner/manager, the characteristics of the firm and the business
strategy variables interact to affect growth in employment. In addition
factors that are perceived to have constrained the growth of the small
firms during the study period are ascertained and discussed.
To properly test the hypotheses developed a face to face interview
survey involving 122 owner/managers of small manufacturing firms is
conducted. This resulted in a range of variables that allowed for the
construction of a comprehensive multivariate model of small firm
growth.
A resulting regression model provides about 68 percent of the
explanation for the growth of the small firms sampled. It also indicates
that the owner/manager characteristics variables offer the most
powerful explanation to small firm growth. We find that the
owner/manager's growth aspiration is the most influential factor in
achieving growth. The other owner/manager characteristics variables
that have positive influence on growth are level of education, prior
industry experience and entrepreneurial family background.
Owner/managers with local experience and/or with other business
interests are less likely to achieve faster growth. Foreign
owned/managed firms grow faster.
Younger and smaller firms appear to grow faster. While firms with
multiple ownerships tend to grow at a slower rate than firms owned and
managed by one person.
Business planning, marketing and export have positive and significant
impacts on growth. Other business strategies such as innovations and
staff training also have direct relationships with growth but not
significant.
Some of the main constraining factors to growth are cost of borrowing,
lack of access to credit, high cost of inputs, lack of trust within the
business community, high bureaucracy, late payments and lack of
efficient support system. While the external environment plays
important role in small firm growth and development, the behaviours,
response and strategies pursued by individual owner/manager are
significant factors that determine the rate at which a firm will grow.Ghana Leasing Company Limited
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Chesley, Daisy. "Succession Planning in Family-Owned Businesses". ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3554.
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Many family-owned businesses lack strategies regarding succession planning. Succession planning is a company's way of embracing the future. The majority of U.S.-based family-owned businesses do not survive to the second generation, and only 3% of family-owned businesses make it past a third generation. This descriptive case study explored strategies that 4 leaders of a family-owned financial business in the Washington, DC area use to prepare future generations to assume leadership roles in their company. The theory of family systems and the theory of organizational and business development were the conceptual frameworks for this study. In-depth interviews with purposively selected members of the small family-owned business were supplemented with a review of documentation from archival records. Yin's 5-step analysis guided the coding process of participants' response, capturing essential elements using the participants' own language. Member checking was used to validate the transcribed data. The major themes of the study revealed the owners' strategies relating to comprehensive business development, examining the family systems, strengthening retention of all employees, examining organizational theory, planning for the future with contingency strategies, strengthening team building, training and support, and understanding leadership knowledge and leadership competency. This study may benefit small businesses by providing lessons learned on ensuring organizational sustainability. This study's implications for social change include contributing to social stability and continuing economic growth.
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Walrath, Bryan James. "A Project Planning Guide for Healthcare Facility Owners". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14557.
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According to a recent study, about 30 percent of U.S. real estate projects are canceled midstream, while more than half run up to 190 percent over budget and 220 percent over the initial time estimate. The reasons for this are
manifold but poor decisions during the initiation and early planning of the project can be pointed to as main causes. Most poor decisions stem from lack of information, bad judgment, and lack of communication and transparency between what the client expects and what the project team can deliver. Proper
project planning procedures and methods will lead to proper contingency planning, management of partner relationships and contracts, management of dynamic change and associated risks that can, and most probably will, occur in
the course of the project.
The role of the owner cannot be overstated in all of these targets. Historically, the owners of healthcare facilities have a once in a lifetime involvement in the planning, design and construction (or major renovation) of
their facility. The interaction with planners, public bodies, architects, engineers, and other entities is a daunting prospect for which an owner will seek help from specialized firms that represent the owner.
This guide may serve as a healthcare project planning guide for owners, and in particular CEOs, to navigate the process. It will prepare the owner to recognize the major tasks and decision steps throughout project planning,
while keeping the focus on the desired outcome. Any owner should recognize that the slogan: if you dont know what you want, you will not get what you need is as true today as it ever was. This guide will include research, best practices from industry experts, and a case study on the New Orleans public healthcare planning process post-Hurricane Katrina.
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Special, Lori S. "Retirement planning practices among black small business owners". Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12172008-063223/.
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West, Ayodeji. "Succession Planning in Family-Owned Businesses in Nigeria". ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7093.
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Most family-owned businesses in Nigeria fail to survive to the second generation, and even more fail to survive to the third generation. The problems with sustainability pose issues for individuals and communities but have not been adequately examined by researchers. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the strategies that family business owners use to implement succession planning required for business continuity. Succession planning theory was used as the conceptual framework. The participants for the study included leaders of 4 family businesses in Lagos, Nigeria, who have successfully implemented a succession planning strategy required for business continuity. The data were collected through semistructured face-to-face interviews. To enhance the credibility and trustworthiness of the interpretations, methodological triangulation of the data sources and member checking were used. The process of data analysis included word frequency analysis, coding of related phrases, identification of patterns, and generation of themes around the codes. The results of the data analysis revealed five themes: identifying successor leaders, focusing on leadership development, reinforcing knowledge transfer, enhancing longevity of service, and emphasizing mentor and mentee processes. Providing potential successors with valuable skills in the short term becomes valuable for the family business in the long-term, study results show. The findings may raise owners' awareness about how to implement succession planning. The positive social change implications of business longevity include stable employment opportunities and investments in communities.
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Mahoney, Stephen Edward 1975. "Project delivery and planning strategies for public owners". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9719.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, February 1999.Includes bibliographical references (p. 222-231).
Current trends show that as the demand for infrastructure renewal and replacement has increased, Federal, state, and local government funding for infrastructure projects has decreased. It has become clear that the government will need to examine the potential of and implement other delivery methods in addition to design-bid-build. In order for the government to effectively use project delivery as a variable, the role of government in the capital planning process will need to be redefined. This thesis examines the capital planning process used by public owners, i.e. the government. The identification of ideal project planning and management principles led to a new framework for capital planning, referred to as the Project Configuration Process. The proposed Project Configuration Process is based on the premise that a public owner can identify a realistic need, identify the objectives for the project, identify the project constraints or drivers, and select the most appropriate delivery strategy that aligns the project objectives with the advantages of the delivery strategy. Two case studies are included to examine current project configuration practices. The Central Artery/Tunnel Project in Boston, Massachusetts and Tren Urbano in San Juan, Puerto Rico identify common challenges to the delivery of large-scale infrastructure projects. The Central Artery/Tunnel Project will widen and depress the existing elevated Central Artery, add a Third Harbor Tunnel, and improve highway connections within and around Boston. The Central Artery/Tunnel Project is a useful case study for it facilitates the examination of a large-scale infrastructure project utilizing traditional design-bid build procurement methods in conjunction with a management consultant assisting the Department of Public Works. The Project's development history provides insight into the processes, challenges and limitations of the current project delivery process. Tren Urbano, an urban rapid transit project, is intended to reduce congestion in the San Juan Metropolitan Area. The objective of applying this research to Tren Urbano is to identify essential project management issues in a mixed delivery setting. Phase I of Tren Urbano posses a unique project management problem as it is divided geographically into seven alignment sections and contractually into a portfolio of contracts containing one designbuild- operate contract and six design-build contracts.
by Stephen Edward Mahoney.
S.M.
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McCarthy, Kristina L. "Cross-Project Knowledge Transfer Succession Planning for Family-Owned Businesses". ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5223.
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When the owners of family-owned businesses leave the workplace, they can transfer ownership to the next generation; however, their knowledge of the business goes with them. There is a gap in the literature regarding effective ways to transfer family business resources and knowledge to subsequent generations. The problem was some small and family-owned businesses do not have detailed plans in place based on the needs of owners and the successor generation, with cross-project knowledge as part of the succession plan. The purpose of this nonexperimental study was to examine the relationships between the subscales of cross-project tacit knowledge transfer and to examine the generational differences in cross-project tacit knowledge transfer among small and family-owned businesses. The theoretical underpinning of the study was Argyris and Schön's organizational learning theory. Data from family business owners were collected through an online survey administered by SurveyMonkey, using purposeful sampling. Data (n = 233) were analyzed using a Spearman correlation matrix and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The findings indicated there were significant associations for seven of the 10 correlations between the subscales of cross-project knowledge transfer with each relationship being positive. In addition, the findings suggested that there were significant differences in cross-project knowledge transfer by age cohort. These findings may assist informed family-owned business owners with the complexities of succession planning, which may lead to the business being successful over more generations. This may allow the business to sustain its contribution to the local economy and help the community to prosper, leading to positive social change.
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Fox, Roderick Charles. "Successful implementation of succession planning: second generation". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012445.
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Family businesses are prevalent in South Africa and throughout the world. Succession is one of the largest challenges facing family businesses. It has been estimated that only one third of family businesses survive to the second generation. This study attempts to determine what the main features are to promote successful family business succession and continuity. The family chosen for this research is the Venter family. The research has scaled the various influencing variables from the literature review into the following focus areas: relationships, conflict, vision, effective succession characteristics and continuity. The findings reflect many instances found in the literature, some are: individuals can manage themselves and have relationships with others; have the ability to resolve conflicts; have mutual support and trust; there is respect between the founder and successor; the business vision is clear; communication is open and clear and decisions are based on expertise and knowledge. Many other aspects are highlighted in the research that follows. In addition, the study attempts to identify the generational effects, the major characteristics of the family owned succession process and the views of the predecessors on the succession process and the post succession period.
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Labroukos, Nikos-Socrates D. "The relationship between context, planning and performance in state-owned enterprises'". Thesis, London Business School (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445255.
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Snider, Joanne. "Success Factors of Small Business Owners of Independent Financial Planning Firms". ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/766.
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Small Business Administration statistics indicate that 20% of small businesses fail within the first 2 years and 50% fail within 5 years. The purpose of this case study was to explore the success factors and strategies of 12 small business owners of independent financial planning firms who achieved profitability beyond 5 years. A gap exists in the literature concerning such business owners, and their experiences provide valuable information to others desiring to start or maintain a financial planning business. The conceptual framework was entrepreneurship theory and Porter's 5 forces model of competitive strategy. The data were gathered via semistructured interviews and business websites and newsletters. Initial coding of the responses preceded an analysis of recurring patterns and themes. This process led to the identification of major themes: technical training is necessary but not sufficient for success; planners need training in business creation, operations, and marketing; and differentiation is important and is achieved by specialization and providing excellent client service. The business owners used Internet websites to present unique planning approaches and fee structures to clients and prospects. These results provide information to people considering starting or maintaining a small business, providers of professional education and training, and business leaders seeking to improve recruitment and retention of financial planning employee retention. Implications for positive social change include providing information to policymakers who seek to support small businesses to mitigate small business failure rates, expand job creation, and provide sources for financial guidance for American employees.
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Diaz, Rodrigo M. C. P. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "City growth and community-owned land in Mexico City". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44355.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-112).
Sixteen years after the promulgation of the reforms to Article 27 that regulates land tenure in Mexico, there is consensus among political authorities, public officials, private investors, and scholars that the outcomes have been completely different than were predicted. In spite of the important changes produced in the legal status, internal organization, and governmental interactions of the agrarian communities, these changes have not translated into a massive privatization of ejido lands, and the incorporation of social land into urban development is far below what was expected. Furthermore, new forms of illegal social land sales emerged as a response to the privatization initiative. In addition to the economic and legal arguments typically used to explain this phenomenon, this research identifies three key factors that also have a strong influence in the ejidos' behavior towards land privatization: the hindering effect of community participation on privatization; the permanence of a clientelistic relationship between ejidos and government; and agrarian communities' cultural attachment to land. These factors reflect the economic, political, and cultural dimensions of the ejidos, something that the ideologues did not take into account when they defined the mechanisms for land liberalization. Key words: urban expansion, Mexico City, ejidos, Article 27, informal market, regularization, clientelism.
by Rodrigo Diaz.
M.C.P.
17
Tanner, Rachael A. (Rachael Ann). "Worker owned cooperatives and the ecosystems that support them". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81643.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-134).
By emphasizing wealth creation, communities can not only cultivate streams of income, but also build wealth. Through collectively owned and democratically governed assets, communities can build wealth. Economic development policy and practice should emphasize wealth creation. Employee ownership, through worker cooperatives is one way to build wealth. But worker cooperatives are rare in the United States; this is because there is not a supportive cooperative ecosystem. The province of Quebec, Canada has developed a robust cooperative ecosystem, leading the province to have the most cooperatives in Canada and a greater density of worker co-ops than the US. This thesis explores the Quebec cooperative ecosystem through analysis of interviews with 22 leaders of over 19 organizations, including two worker cooperatives. This thesis seeks to understand (1) how the organizations and institutions in the ecosystem work together, (2) how they support cooperatives, and (3) how the lessons from Quebec can inform the development of a cooperative ecosystem in New York City. This study reveals (1) the importance of historical, political, and cultural context in shaping the potential and possibilities for cooperative development; (2) that government support through policy, funding, and collaborative leadership is critical for the ecosystem's development; (3) apex organizations are necessary to provide leadership and technical assistance among cooperatives; (4) interaction among cooperatives of all kinds leads to a stronger network; and (5) the size of the sector makes it easier to secure public support.
by Rachael A. Tanner.
M.C.P.
18
Fay-Spina, Diana. "Exploring Business Planning Strategies of Women-Owned Small Businesses in the Construction Trades". ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3522.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Many small businesses fail to survive past 5 years, listing the primary reason given for failure as inadequate business planning strategies. The construction industry provides the building and upkeep of physical infrastructure (buildings and roadways) in developed societies and is a major contributor to the gross domestic product for many nations. In the United States, the construction trades primarily consist of small businesses, with a smaller portion of the sector classified as women-owned. The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore the business planning strategies that successful women-owned small business (WOSB) construction leaders in New Jersey use for sustainability and growth. Contingency theory and expectancy theory of motivation served as the conceptual framework for this study. The sample was comprised of 3 women small business owners in the construction trade in New Jersey. Data collection included semistructured face-to-face interviews, a review of organization documents, business website review, and field notes. Member checking strengthened creditability and trustworthiness. Based on Rowley's 3-step data analysis plan and a thematic analysis of the data, 5 themes emerged: constant review of goals and plans, communication and teamwork, reliance on expertise, networking, and continuous education. The findings in this study may contribute to social change by providing knowledge for sustainability and growth of women owned businesses (WOBs). By putting the findings to practical use, WOBs could sustain beyond 5 years, which would positively influence society by enhancing the local economy, promoting job development and fostering positive community relations.
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De, Scheemaecker Anne-Marie Esther. "Planning Strategies for Generational Succession in Flemish Third-Generation Family-Owned Businesses". ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3762.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Survival over generations is critical for family-owned businesses (FOBs). Only 3% of family firms survive the 3rd generation, and a succession strategy is the most challenging decision for family business leaders to make. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore nonfinancial succession planning strategies that 3rd-generation FOB leaders in Flanders, Belgium, apply for the transition of ownership and leadership to the 4th generation. The conceptual framework for this study was the socioemotional wealth paradigm. Data were collected using semistructured interviews, archival document reviews, company internal and public documents, and press releases. Yin's 5-step data analysis was applied to identify themes and patterns. Analysis of the data revealed that, among these 3rd-generation FOBs, the socioemotional aspect of generational succession planning required strategies that simultaneously focused on successor suitability and well-being, consensus of the family, mode of transition, leadership and governance, and survival of the family firm. These findings may provide other, similar FOB leaders with insights into the dynamics of a successful transition of the 3rd-generation family firm to the next generation. Findings may be used to increase FOB survival rates, provide new job opportunities, contribute to community growth, and enhance the well-being of stakeholders. Successful family firms may engage in philanthropic activities as a way of transmitting legacies between generations.
20
Lim, Sungmin. "Electricity privatization : should South Korea privatize its state-owned electric utility?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67250.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-80).
The state-owned electric utility, Korea Electricity Power Cooperation (KEPCO), privatization has been a key word in South Korea since 1997, when the government received $55 billion from the International Monetary Fund in exchange for a tough economic restructuring that included massive privatization. The Korean government separated KEPCO's six generation subsidiaries from KEPCO in 2001 in the initial process of the privatization. However, the government has not taken any further action since then. While there have been debates about the privatization of KEPCO, the debates were political rather than economic. This thesis will investigate whether or not Korea should continue to privatize KEPCO. First, it will examine how much revenue the government can make by selling its shares of KEPCO. Second, this thesis will study how much investment a privatized electricity industry will attract after privatization. Third, it will identify whether the electricity price will go down if the government privatizes KEPCO. Fourth, it will assess how the relationship between the government and the industry will change after privatization. Finally, it will identify how much does the government and people have to pay for the transition, which is caused by the change from a monopoly to a competitive market. By comparing the advantages and the disadvantages, this thesis will decide whether the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. This thesis will discuss only economic aspects; it will not examine the political, social and cultural aspects which are difficult to measure objectively.
by Sungmin Lim.
S.M.
21
Cohn, Laurie G. (Laurie Gail). "Foreign-owned U.S. banks in the U.S. real estate lending market". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65202.
Pełny tekst źródła
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Smalanskas, James G. (James George). "Expiring use restricted properties and federal policy : perspectives from the owners". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70221.
Pełny tekst źródła
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Kramer, Toby Robinson. "Opportunities and obstacles in creating affordable rental housing from bank-owned property". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67732.
Pełny tekst źródła
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Laniado, Linda (Linda Caroline). "Place making in new retail developments : the role of local, independently owned businesses". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33182.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Thesis (S.M. and M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2005.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-105).
This thesis sets out to examine whether incorporating local independent or small regional chain retailers and restaurants along with national chain stores in new large scale open-air retail developments can help add to a "sense of place" in these projects and thus make them more successful. New retail developments of the past two decades, often called Lifestyle Centers, Urban Entertainment Centers, Town Centers or New Main Streets, attempt through design to create a "place." However, unlike traditional Main Streets or other locales that come to mind when thinking of distinctive "places" to shop, the tenants in these centers seem to be largely the same as those in regional malls- ubiquitous national chain stores. Due to this lack of local, unique content, these projects in many cases seem to be more a repackaging of the regional mall formula than truly successful attempts at place making. However, despite several challenges to tenanting independent businesses, some owners of new, what I refer to as, Place Making Centers have nonetheless taken a more proactive role in varying their tenant mix so as to better differentiate and reflect the local character of these projects; consciously dedicating a substantial percentage of their retail space for smaller local or regional retailers.
(cont.) This suggests that for some developers and projects these obstacles can be overcome, and that there is some perceived added value, place making or otherwise, to incorporating these businesses. In this thesis, I argue that place making, besides a physical act, also involves an intangible social and cognitive quality. I also assert that independent business can contribute to sense of place by contributing spaces more likely to promote social interaction and adapt over time and by providing a sense of uniqueness, rootedness and authenticity. Furthermore, the characteristics that contribute to the likelihood and/or viability of incorporating independent businesses in a project fall into three categories- owner characteristics, project financing and economics, and market characteristics. In projects that successfully overcome these obstacles, independent businesses are shown to further place making's aim of overall and long-term value creation, suggesting that incorporation of these retailers should be strongly considered by developers of new retail formats.
by Linda Laniado.
S.M.and M.C.P.
25
Despin, Tina M. "Strategies Small Financial Business Owners Apply to Succeed Beyond Five Years". ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4053.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Small businesses in the United States employ 98% of workers, yet approximately 47% of small businesses shut down in less than five years. Business leaders who fail to implement adequate strategic strategies experience reduced profits and sustainability challenges. These business closures cause unemployment rates to rise and inflict damages to the economic growth of economies in the United States. This multiple case study was grounded in the theory of transformational leadership. The purpose was to explore strategies used by small financial business owners to sustain their businesses beyond five years. The population consisted of 8small financial businesses in Southwest Florida; these businesses all have been in operation beyond 5years. Using methodological triangulation, data were collected from interviews with the leaders, company documents, physical artifacts such as the company websites and social media pages, to assess culture similarities and differences. Thematic analysis involved developing codes and themes from data collected and member checking. Four themes emerged transformational leadership, establishing trust, maintaining adequate capital, and proficient time management. These themes applied by business owners may help business owners experience greater success in remaining sustainable. The findings of this study could contribute to positive social change by providing insights for small financial business owners on the strategic implementations for business longevity that would possibly increase workplace stability for employees supporting their families as well as contributing positively to their communities in Southwest Florida
26
Musengi, Sandra. "Passing the spear : a grounded theory study of the influence of family business value sets on succession planning in black family-owned businesses". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007056.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Literature suggests that a small number of family businesses are able to make the transition from the founder to other family members with a common reason cited being the lack of planning. This study aims to build understanding of leadership succession in family businesses by focusing on the influence of a founder's family business value set on the succession planning process in Black family-owned businesses. Using the Strauss and Corbin (1990) grounded theory method, this study develops a theory of succession planning of Black familyowned businesses labelled Passing the Spear which is comprised of three stages based on an analysis of 21 qualitative interviews. The Spear was an analogy used to represent both the values of the founder and the family business, thus in Passing the Spear, founders where essentially performing a dual transfer of their values and leadership to the successor. The implementation of the process Passing the Spear was influenced by the family business value set of the founder, which in this study, were labelled as Traditional, Progressive, and Transitional. These value sets were distinguished by their behaviour regarding their choice of successor where founders with a traditional value set exhibited gatekeeping behaviour, while the behaviour of founders with a progressive value set was labelled navigating, and finally, founders with a transitional value set demonstrated behaviour labelled exploring. Furthermore, it was found that after the successor had been chosen, founders appeared to follow a generic succession planning process, however, the ease and timing of implementation was influenced by the family business context, evidence of being proactive and the degree of family business resilience. The process of Passing the Spear comprised of three stages of (a) Showing the spear where the founder's focus is on the induction and socialization of the successor using the strategies of bringing the successor into the family business and managing the family-business interface using relationships; (b) Explaining the spear entailed founders using the strategies of sharing knowledge and teaching the successors about the family business; and ( c) Sharing the spear was where founders focused on empowering the successors by implementing strategies of sharing responsibilities and learning from the successor.The process provides insights into the influence of family business values on the succession planning process and can be useful for founders of Black family-owned businesses in planning for succession in their businesses. In addition, the study provides another perspective of succession planning and offers a contribution to the literature for understanding succession in Black family-owned businesses.
27
Strom, Elizabeth Ann. "Management of city-owned property : a low-income housing policy for New York City". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78794.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1985.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Bibliography: leaves 152-157.
by Elizabeth Ann Strom.
M.C.P.
28
Suarez, Richard Anthony. "A new life for plazas : reimagining privately owned public spaces in New York City". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73829.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-108).
Since 1961 the City of New York has allowed buildings to receive added floor area in exchange for privately owned public spaces. These spaces, typically in the form of small outdoor plazas, are spatially clustered in the densest areas of Manhattan and serve as a valuable public amenity for the residents and employees in these areas. Many of the 500+ spaces built before the last major overhaul of the design regulations in 2007 inhibit public use through poor design and management, and new zoning regulations dictate the design and operational standards that make new and redesigned plazas functional and usable. The recent resurgence of the public realm in New York City has brought attention to the quality of public space design and the activities that can take place in the public and private public spaces of the City. As the rate at which the City constructs new public parks slows and developers continue to provide new and redesigned privately owned public spaces, there exists the potential for new and innovative forms of public space given the variability of the designers. As zoning continues to govern these spaces, the administrative review process is increasingly discretionary and creates many levels of uncertainty for the developer and designer. This thesis examines the regulations and administrative processes for new and redesigned plazas to recommend a level of regulation that is clear, flexible, and sustainable over time. The thesis also examines the elements of the public space projects of the past decade to recommend additional provisions in the zoning regulations to align the design of privately owned public spaces with the emerging ideals of public space design being demonstrated in parks, plazas, and waterfronts around the world. The recommendations presented explore policies for the appropriate level of design review oversight, for including the most appropriate urban elements prevalent in emerging public space trends, and for encouraging higher quality design in plazas.
by Richard Anthony Suarez.
M.C.P.
29
Heyer, Lizbeth A. (Lizbeth Ann). "Integrative management--a partnership between residents, non-profit housing owners and property management companies". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67266.
Pełny tekst źródła
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Silvola, R. (Risto). "One product data for integrated business processes". Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526221144.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Master data describes business objects that are shared across an entire enterprise. Master data is a single source of information that should be used across the IT systems and business processes without changing. Definitions and understanding of common data and how well it is understood forms the basis for understanding the master data. The main objective of this study is to clarify how one product data should be understood and defined and to identify the main challenges and the best practices for managing the one product data for business processes. This study approaches one product data for integrated business processes from several perspectives by focusing on one product master data, data ownership, and the importance of a governance model for managing the master data. The means also to determine business value of master data and to ensure that a company’s success in reaching this business value is analysed. The findings of this study reveal the need for balance between business processes, data, and IT systems. The study indicates that a governance model is necessary in conjunction with business processes, data, and IT systems to ensure that an adequate foundation is created for one product data. One product data is the sum of product-related business data and one product master data. One product master data is the “DNA” of a product that is created by the product portfolio management process and is stored and controlled by a Product Lifecycle Management IT-system that updates the receiving systems in business processes with the common product data. One product data forms the basis for integrated business processes. In the product life cycle context, this means that data must be in place from the new product development phase to the maintenance phase, as well as across sales processes, supply chains, and care/service processes. Discontinuous data is harmful as it causes extra costs in management and slows down data analysis, as well as affects the reaction speed around changes on the business side. New business opportunities such as digitalisation may become very difficult if centralised one product data is not in place. It is important to keep in mind that if data integrity and quality are not in place in a company, adding new business models might be very challengingTiivistelmä Master data on informaatiota, joka on määritelty yksiselitteisesti ja sitä käytetään muuttumattomana ylitse eri IT- järjestelmien ja -prosessien. Datamäärityksillä tuetaan liiketoiminnan prosesseja. Datan määritelmät ja yleinen datan ymmärtämisen taso yrityksessä ovat tärkeitä elementtejä, muodostaen pohjan Master data -käsitteelle. Tämän tutkimuksen päätarkoituksena on selkiyttää kuinka yksiselitteinen tuotetieto tulisi ymmärtää ja määritellä. Samalla identifioidaan suurimmat haasteet ja parhaat käytänteet yhdenmukaisen tuotetiedon hallinnalle. Tutkimuksessa keskitytään yhtenäisen master datan käsitteistön, datan omistajuuden, sekä hallinnointimallin tärkeiden näkökulmien kautta kokonaisuuden ymmärtämiseen useista eri näkökulmista. Tutkimuksessa perehdytään myös datan liiketoiminnallisen arvon tunnistamiseen. Sen kautta voidaan varmistaa yrityksen kyvykkyys saavuttaa asetetut tavoitteet, jotka johto on määritellyt esim. strategian kautta. Tulokset kertovat, että on äärimmäisen tärkeää löytää oikea balanssi liiketoiminnan prosessien, datan ja tietojärjestelmien kesken. Yksikäsitteinen tuotetieto on summa, joka muodostuu tuotteeseen liittyvästä liiketoimintatiedosta sekä yhtenäisestä tuote master datasta. Yhtenäinen tuote master data on ikään kuin tuotteen DNA tietoa. Yhteenvetona voidaan todeta, että parhaimmillaan data määritellään kerran ja sitä käytetään muuttumattomana eri liiketoiminnan prosessissa hyödyksi. Yhtenäinen tuote data muodostaa pohjan liiketoiminnan prosessien integroimiselle. Tuotteen elinkaaren sisällön osalta tämä tarkoittaa sitä, että data luodaan osana uuden tuotteen kehitysprosessia ottaen huomioon muiden liiketoiminta prosessien tarpeet kuten myynti, logistiikka ja valmistus, huolto jne. On äärimmäisen tärkeää, että datalle ei synny epäjatkuvuuskohtia eri prosessien välille. Datan epäjatkuvuuskohdat voivat tuottaa ylimääräisinä kustannuksia ylläpidon, data analytiikan ja raportoinnin kautta. Yleinen reagointinopeus liiketoiminnan muutoksiin on yleensä hitaampaa. Uusien liiketoimintamahdollisuuksien kuten digitalisaation tai esineiden internetin (IoT) toteuttaminen voi olla haastavaa ja kallista mikäli keskitettyä ja yhtenäistettyä tuote data mallia ei ole. Yhtenäisen tuote master datan käsite ja parhaita käytänteistä toteuttava hallintamalli antavat pohjan tietokeskeiselle ajattelulle yrityksessä
31
Gwiliza, Nwabisa. "Strategies for sustaining family business through succession planning and family creed". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/193.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Family business literature reveals that the majority of family businesses do not make it to the second generation, and quite a few are fortunate to be passed onto the third generation. Succession planning is the critical issue that enhances continuity of the family business. Relational influences indicate that the balancing of family systems and business systems is more likely to encourage high quality succession. The development of effective practical governance systems can help the family business achieve its strategy. External influences indicate that owner role adjustment, defined as the predecessor’s “letting go” in the firm, as well as the development and mentoring of the successor, shape the effectiveness of succession in the family business.
32
Modise, Mosidi. "The role of succession planning in the sustainability of family owned agribusinesses in South Africa". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24962.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The purpose of this research report was to establish what the key contributing factors are towards the long-term sustainability of family owned agribusiness in South Africa. The reason this study was conducted in the agribusiness sector is that 90% of agricultural enterprises in South Africa are reportedly family-owned. Succession was chosen as a key construct, considering the fact that the ability of enterprises to have long-term sustainability is influenced by whether or not they have a plan for succession. A case study method of analysis was used to collect data, which involved interviewing four commercial farming families in the Eastern Free State. It was established from the interviews that each family had unique drivers that enabled or inhibited the succession process. A comparative analysis was conducted to analyse the key factors responsible for a smooth transition and what the barriers were. The research study was also intended to assess how succession planning within South African family-owned agribusinesses was unique. The political context in the country had a major influence on how these farming families would plan for their sustainability going forward. The papers thus examined how these reasons affected black and white commercial farmers differently. The literature that was reviewed was based on the nature of family business succession planning as well as the agriculture sector in both a global and South African context. The theory base used was that of the Conceptual Model of Satisfaction with the Succession Process Sharma et.al. (2003) supported by other theoretical frameworks. The intent was to bring about knowledge that could contribute to the study of family businesses and to find key insights that may be useful to stakeholders in the agricultural sector be it from a firm, advisory, or policy formulating perspective. CopyrightDissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted
33
Doan, Tam Minh-Thi 1976. "Tapping into social resources to address occupational health : a network analysis of Vietnamese-owned nail salons". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28799.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-75).
Social networks in the Vietnamese nail salon industry were studied for their utility in addressing occupational health risks. Major findings include heavy reliance on family networks for fundamental needs, an extensive industry network effective in spreading information, and a sparse community network. Practitioners hoping to work with this population are directed to the opportunities and challenges to taking action, particularly the potential for greater cooperation and the lack of weak-bridging ties.
by Tam Minh-Thi Doan.
M.C.P.
34
Govender, Rowan. "An examination of succession planning approaches in family owned businesses : a case study of two businesses in East London, South Africa". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1621.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Family businesses constitute a large number of businesses worldwide contributing significantly to the global economy. Succession planning is a key issue influencing the sustainability of these family businesses. According to research, approximately 30% of businesses fail due to matters related to succession planning (Grote, 2003). Further research indicated that approximately 50% of family businesses do not have adequate succession plans in place. Hence, family businesses are exposed to significant risk in sustainability due to insufficient succession planning. An effective approach to succession planning in a family business increases the chance of success of a family business in both the short and long term. The purpose of this study was to develop a better understanding of approaches to succession planning in two family businesses in East London, South Africa. This purpose was to improve the commercial viability of family businesses and improve the body of knowledge from an academic perspective. To this end, a detailed literature study was conducted on family businesses and succession planning. A qualitative case study research paradigm was implemented to ascertain the nature of the approaches adopted by the two businesses. An interview process was conducted with the incumbent founders (fathers) and successors (sons) of the family business. This process suggested that each business requires a unique approach to succession plan which may include aspects of formal and informal processes. It is necessary to understand the nature of the family business, its interrelated relationships and context to adequately determine the success of a succession approach. It is for this reason that families aspiring long term sustainability should invest in effective succession planning approaches that integrate the nuances of the individual family business.
35
Fogarty, Nadine (Nadine Adria) 1969. "Property tax incidence in multifamily rental housing : an analysis of the 1995 property owners and managers survey". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66393.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Thesis (S.M. and M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-65).
The property tax is a major expenditure for property owners, and a critical source of revenue for cities and towns. There are competing theories about the nature of property tax incidence in multifamily rental housing, for which empirical studies provide limited evidence. The Property Owners and Managers Survey (POMS) represents the first time information has been systematically collected about the expenses , revenues and other characteristics of multifamily rental housing in the United States. This thesis had two goals. The first was to explore the POMS data to see what information it offers about the relationship between property taxes, rents, values, and other characteristics of rental housing. The second was to evaluate the usefulness of the POMS data for estimating the incidence of the tax. A few results stand out after exploration of the POMS data. A significant share of properties reported effective tax rates well above the typical tax rate for cities and towns. These properties had more units and lower values than average, and less amenities. They were also more likely to be located in central cities in the Northeast and Midwest. Effective property tax rates for individual properties varied widely by region, and were significantly related to several key property characteristics. Analysis shows that the POMS data is not adequate to estimate the incidence of the property tax, chiefly because it does not provide enough variables to control for unit and neighborhood quality, hence differences in rents. Another significant drawback is the limited information about the location of properties. Future research might focus on finding ways to link this data with other sources of information to improve its usefulness.
by Nadine Fogarty.
S.M.and M.C.P.
36
Hutchinson, Jeffrey E. (Jeffrey Ernest) 1970. "Master lease & leaseback of government owned real estate : a model for a fixed income investment product". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29961.
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Thesis (S.M. in Real Estate Development)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 51).
Throughout the United States, significant taxpayer capital is unnecessarily tied up in the ownership of state and municipal government buildings. Today, multiple state and municipal governments face record budget deficits, and are struggling to find ways to raise revenues and decrease annual operating costs in order to close these budget gaps. At the same time, substantial amounts of investor capital from both public and institutional funds, as well as private investors, sits idle, as there is a lack of opportunity for safe, moderate-return long-term investments in today's markets. This thesis investigates the benefits and drawbacks to an investment structure, similar to the commonly used corporate sale-leaseback, that can be used to free capital that is tied up in existing government-owned real estate, while allowing governments to retain long-term ownership of these assets. It also presents the methodology for syndicating these investments into rate-able fixed income products, similar to municipal bonds or CMBS. These investments and the associated participation instruments create arbitrage opportunities for underwriters and syndicators of Government Lease Backed investments, and generate capital flows in the tens of billions of dollars. The models presented may be applied to federal, state and municipal government assets alike. However, this thesis focuses on the application of the models to assets owned by the State of California, as it currently has one of the most significant budget crises in the country, as well as the largest state-owned real estate portfolio.
by Jeffrey E. Hutchinson.
S.M.
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Caldwell, Harry J. "Phenomenological study of the effect of succession planning on ensuring leadership continuity in family-owned businesses". Thesis, University of Phoenix, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10172745.
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This qualitative phenomenological study explored the various experiences and understandings of the key differentiators that predict family-owned businesses’ success from the first generation to the third generation. The sample used in this study consisted of ten public family-owned businesses and ten private family-owned businesses. The study utilized open-ended interviews and empirical research to identify relevant themes, trends and relationships. Three clusters of themes emerged: growth, entitlement and differentiation. The study identified those concepts that would explain the historical trajectory of the public and private family-owned companies. Leadership continuity drives succession planning, and leadership is the starting point for successor training, education, and development. The continued survival and growth of the organization depend on employing the right people, in the right position, at the right time. The future of succession planning is an important issue for all firms due to demographic factors, such as the rising number of employees reaching retirement age and the dwindling number of younger workers replacing them.
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Schwab, Hallie E. "Social and Emotional Dimensions of Succession Planning for Family Forest Owners in the Northeastern United States". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2017. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/760.
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Keeping forestland intact has emerged as a critical policy objective at state and federal levels. This target has been supported by substantial public investment. The collective impact from the bequest decisions of millions of landowning individuals and families has the potential to affect the extent and functionality of future forests in the United States. Despite a growing body of research devoted to studying these transitions in forest ownership, much remains unknown about how family forest owners make decisions in this arena. The social and emotional dimensions of woodland succession planning have been particularly under-examined. This thesis explores the process of planning for the future use and ownership of woodlands through in-depth analysis of 32 semi-structured interviews with family forest owners in Massachusetts, Maine, New York, and Vermont. The first article investigates how family forest owners evaluate and integrate stories derived from their social networks when planning for the future of their woodlands. Analysis of the themes contained in stories framed as “cautionary tales” revealed common fears surrounding succession planning. The second article explores the complexity of emotional relationships with family forests showing how emotional geographies manifest in the succession planning process. Together, these studies deepen understanding of how family forest owners plan for the future of private woodlands and offer implications for Extension and outreach.
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Parker, Megan. "From vacant space to active place: leveraging state-owned land for affordable housing - a case study of Youngsfield". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28137.
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Access to affordable housing in well-located areas across Cape Town is a pressing issue faced by low-income households. Attempts have been made at addressing the issue through affordable and free housing subsidies being implemented, but these have not improved access to opportunities for low-income households. These land distribution patterns are a result of recycled apartheid policies perpetuated by an unequal urban land market that does not allow low-income groups to participate. This research focuses on the spatial fragmentation of apartheid planning and its effect on low-income households in accessing subsidised housing in well-located areas. Through the collation of a spatial development framework, this study addresses the accessibility to affordable housing for low-income households by utilising state-owned land at Youngsfield Military Base and Royal Cape Golf Course in Wetton and Ottery, suburbs bordering the southern suburbs and Cape Flats district. The research process began with a spatial analysis which outlined the metropolitan, sub-metropolitan and site context for potential affordable housing development on well-located state-owned land. This supplied a detailed context for the needs of the site, the environmental context and confirmed the good location of the study area in relation to opportunity areas. Spatial design principles were then chosen to inform the creation of a quality urban environment with high-density mixed-use affordable housing and other economic and amenity opportunities. Relevant housing policies were analysed and ample existing policies were found which address affordable housing implementation in South Africa. Unfortunately, other affordable housing options such as social housing and subsidised loan housing are happening at a slower pace than Breaking New Ground (BNG) subsidised housing. Precedents of affordable and social housing were identified, many of which have been successfully implemented, but some still lack the incorporation of essential spatial concepts that create quality urban environments in residential developments. The concept proposal plan illustrated the use of literature and key spatial concepts informing the development of the site. Essential aspects of development were calculated to facilitate thorough planning for public facilities, public transport and affordable housing implementation. The research included an implementation section which identified the relevant stakeholders who would be engaged with during the planning process and affordable housing implementation. Using the package of plans process, the site was divided into precincts to easily streamline the development of the entire site. Appropriate social housing institutes and affordable housing companies were considered as possible institutions to manage and partially fund developments. Feasibility of cross-subsidisation was considered as a major option during implementation of the long-term phasing of the development. The research and implementation illustrates that by using existing policies and appropriate stakeholders and institutions efficiently, the creation of quality urban environments for affordable housing is possible. With the proper city officials in place and the political will for the development, housing developments on this scale can provide large numbers of affordable housing opportunities in better located areas.
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Cai, Hongyu. "Privately owned public space attached to office buildings in Manhattan : economic and urban perspectives of incentive zoning". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8007.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-94).
This thesis examines the Incentive Zoning Policy of New York City from economic and urban perspectives. In the first part, it evaluates empirically the economic contribution of privately owned public space to the value of the office buildings to which they are attached. An economic model is postulated to predict the equilibrium rental behavior as a function of a series of independent variables, including a dummy variable representing the existence and the quality of privately owned public spaces. The model is tested against disaggregated cross-sectional data from a set of 475 office buildings in downtown and midtown Manhattan. Results confirm a strong economic influence of privately owned public spaces on office rents. Office buildings with favorable privately owned public spaces are predicted to extract $5.05/sq. ft. more in rent annually, a premium of 12.3% over the $41.03/sqft average annual rate. Based on the rating system defined by Jerold Kayden, on average, for each level increase of quality, there is $1.36/sqft of value (a premium of 3.3%) added to the annual rent, which can further be translated into a premium in the property value when properties are sold. The second part of the thesis addresses the possible impact that this result may bring to the different players in the process of urban development, including developers, owners, tenants, urban designers, and city planners. In particular, the thesis explores how the economic benefit illustrated by this research might change the often reluctant attitude of the private sector regarding the maintenance of these privately owned public spaces. Further investigation also reflects on the lessons learned from the more than 40 years history of incentive zoning practice in New York City. Potentials issues for further study are also put forward.
by Hongyu Cai.
S.M.
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Duvall, Alison Leigh. "Towards community-owned forests landowner perspectives on the Blackfoot Community Conservation Area /". CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2006. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-02282007-150636/.
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Hewawasam, Wright Chamicha S. "Small Business Owners' Perceived Barriers and Motivators in Disaster Planning in Sri Lanka| A Multiple Case Study". Thesis, Northcentral University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10265011.
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Planning for disasters has been linked to positive outcome in the business recovery process. However, unpreparedness for disasters is prevalent in many developing countries where most small businesses do not maintain a disaster/emergency plan. Sri Lanka in recent years has experienced upsurge in natural disasters from floods, wind storms, droughts, landslides and cyclones where the majority of small businesses experienced a slow recovery. The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to gain insight into the perceived barriers and challenges that small business owners in the City of Negombo (Sri Lanka) experienced when developing a disaster/emergency preparedness plan as well as factors that may motivates small businesses owners to adopt a disaster/emergency plan. The study population consists of all 1,780 small businesses located within the city of Negombo, Sri Lanka. The purposive sample included 16 small business owners for individual interviews and 11 members from business associations for three focus group discussions (each including 3-4 participants). After receiving informed consent, data were collected using semi-structured in-depth interview protocol using open ended interview questions until data saturation occurred. . To mitigate study limitations and enhance credibility of this study; prolonged engagement and persistent observation, peer debriefing, member-checking, and data triangulation, were used. The findings of this study yielded 12 distinct themes most of which were fully or partially supported by existing literature. Five themes pertaining to the barriers and challenges business owners encounter when establishing a disaster/emergency plan: lack of knowledge or know how, access to/ problems with insurance, lack of money and resources, disaster will not happen again, and it is not my responsibility. Four of the themes focused on business owners’ perceived motivators for establishing a disaster/emergency plan: reduce business losses from disasters, train staff to manage crisis situations, business continuation, and save lives. The key recommendations include local and central government authorities, (a) advocate disaster awareness to small business owners, (b) establish mechanisms for small business owners to attain relevant information to prepare for disasters, (c) provide essential resources for the small business owners to set up disaster/emergency plans, and (d) identify ways for business owners to get access to affordable and accessible disaster insurance plans.
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Oppong, Robert. "Successful Strategies Used by Small Business Owners for Company Sustainability". ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4668.
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According to the U.S. Small Business Administration, African Americans are the fastest growing entrepreneurial minority group in the United States. However, they suffer the highest business failure rates. The research design for this study was a multiple case study to explore the strategies small business owners used to succeed in business beyond 5 years. The conceptual framework for this study was the systems theory. The population was small business owners in the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolis, Texas. Data collection sources included semistructured interviews, company documents, company websites, and site visit observations. The data analysis process included data cleaning, uploading transcribed interviews into qualitative data analysis software, organizing and coding, and conducting methodological triangulation against company documents. The thematic analysis led to the identification of 6 major themes contributing to company sustainability. The predominate themes included entrepreneur qualities, adequacy or lack of collateral, financial planning, and market qualities. The consensus among participants denoted that in a business environment characterized by market differentiation, effective financial planning and unique entrepreneurial characteristics contributed to company sustainability. The findings revealed several features of the successful business owners such as education, professional background, motivation, creativity, negotiation skills, networking, risk-taking, and self-efficacy were critical for company sustainability. The positive social change includes increasing the rate of small business success, supporting the U.S. economy, and improving financial security for African American entrepreneurs, their families, employees, and the community.
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Nyewe, Papomile Mphathi. "Design of a framework for implementing strategic foresight at South African state owned enterprises". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18163.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.In many spheres of life, humanity is finally coming to terms with the fact that our world has changed beyond the limits of our industrial-era ways of thinking. Linear and reductionist approaches to strategy and problem-solving are no longer sufficient for dealing with the realities of our modern world, which are characterised by the certainty of change; not least of all due to technological change and environmental factors such as resource scarcity and global warming. Some of the changes that humanity has experienced include; • Uncertainty about the magnitude and direction of the changes; • Difficulty of visualising contexts and options in an increasingly complex environment, where many of the parts are interdependent, and where the knowledge requirements increasingly transcend traditional disciplines; • Serious and possibly irrevocable consequences of errors in decision-making; • The ability of humanity to adapt and respond to change. Living in sustainable harmony with itself and the biosphere requires that we use systems thinking to mediate between the need for action and the awareness of complexity. These aspects require that we adopt a continuous and adaptive mode of strategy and development, enabling us to shape a better future. As South Africa enters its sixteenth year of democracy, the challenges of unemployment, scarcity of critical skills, a poor education system, growing crime levels and perennial poverty, continue to confront both the state and civil society alike. This study seeks to map the South African government’s long-term and short-term planning frameworks that guide the planning processes and timeframes for all government departments. While the purpose is to determine the long-term planning methodologies and techniques of both Development Finance Institutions (DFIs) and State Owned Enterprises (SOEs), these are informed by the response to the national government planning frameworks, such as the Medium-Term Strategic Framework (MTSF) and the Medium Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF). The National Planning Commission was established specifically to perform the long-term planning function of government. It is against this background that the researcher examines the long-term planning processes and methodologies of selected DFIs and SOEs, using the Environmental Scanning and Literature Review methodologies. Environmental scanning and literature review methodologies were used to gain a high-level understanding of the long-term planning processes of the national government. A literature review of current and previous long-term planning processes using scenario planning (by Eskom and the CSIR) and foresight (by the CSIR) have provided an indication that, although long-term planning is a desired goal, it is not widely practiced and where it is practiced the results and related impacts are not yet known. A survey of selected SOEs and DFIs was conducted to determine the nature and extent of long range planning undertaken by each of these bodies, as well as the methodologies that were used. The aim was to determine whether foresight tools such as systems thinking and/or scenario planning have been used in the past and what results have been achieved. Without this information, it would not be possible to identify the gaps that exist in the longterm planning frameworks of these entities. The results of the survey revealed that the concept of long-term planning using methodologies such as foresight, scenario planning and systems thinking does not enjoy wide awareness amongst the SOEs, who reported that they do not engage in long-term planning. The study concludes that a need exists for a formal well structured framework for the use of scenario planning and systems thinking as part of the foresight long-term planning methodology in South Africa’s state-owned enterprises. An ideal framework for the introduction and use of long-term planning methodologies is needed in order to seek an answer to the following question: what combination of thinking and planning tools, drawn from Foresight, Scenario Planning and systems thinking could be brought together to create and ideal framework for the introduction and use of long-term planning methodologies at state-owned-enterprises? The study proposes a Six Phase – Foresight and Scenario Planning Framework for longterm planning. This proposed new framework suggests the use of foresight tools such scenario planning and systems thinking. Exposure by the author to multiple foresight driven processes served to provide real life experiences of the potency of the use of these tools in combination during the different phases of the proposed framework. In using the proposed framework, executives at SOEs and DFIs should be able to cope with planning in an environment of uncertainty, while carrying the stakeholders along with them on the journey. The six phases of the process have, in the experience of the researcher, offered tangible benefits to a variety of institutions during the past three years. More than any other benefits, foresight loses its mystic and it becomes easy and accessible to everyone. Action planning, flowing from the foresight process becomes a genuine exercise that impacts on the short to medium term strategic planning taking into account the probable effects of emerging trends, driving forces and likely breakthroughs that leaders in SOEs and DFIs can bring about as they strive to create their preferred future.
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Xinyi, Yu. "Cultural Influence to Enterprise Resource Planning System Projects in China : A Case Study of Chinese Government-owned Enterprise". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-265230.
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Bacon, Douglas A. (Douglas Arms). "An economic and strategic analysis of two ski areas owned and operated by the State of New Hampshire, Cannon Mountain and Mt. Sunapee". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/63209.
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Ahlqvist, Marcus. "Applicability of simulation analysis for planning agri-food supply chains : A case study at a Swedish farmer-owned cooperative". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446478.
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Agri-food supply chains (ASCs) are becoming increasingly complex, and its actors are in need of sophisticated planning tools to remain competitive in an industry that have been moving away from small individual actors towards large multi-national, highly vertically integrated cooperatives. This case study views reality from an objectivist point of view and utilises a positivist approach to study this reality. It combines qualitative and quantitative methods to study an ASC operating in the Kingdom of Sweden. This ASC’s planning processes are investigated in order to identify processes that are applicable to simulation by considering model verification, validation, and credibility. The simulation model allowed for system analyses from a strategic perspective and, hence, simplified the planning process of evaluating different scenarios. The model was intrinsically verified and validated in consultation with the supervisor and subject reader and was thus able to accurately imitate the real-world system. The simulated scenarios comprised changes to the ASC’s infrastructure or design. The changes, in turn, comprised decommissions of one or more port-site storage facilities (HPs). Questions that were asked during the evaluation of the experiment results included what happens to the inventory levels of the non-decommissioned HPs when certain ones close? will the demand still be met? and if, then where, will queues arise in the system? It is shown that the non-decommissioned HPs will manage the closed HP’s volumes, but only to a certain extent. One closed HP does not cause severe problems, while two closed ones can create queues, which, in turn, will result in lower than desired inventory levels at the end of the harvesting period. Queues will arise from the closing of just one HP, although this queue is practically negligible, but as two are closed, the queues will create problems. The demand was able to be met even though an HP was closed, but to meet it while two HPs are closed, one of the non-decommissioned ones’ capacity must be increased. This, ultimately, generated or achieved for the host organisation a so called proof of concept (this is argued to generate credibility in the model). Some of the identified characteristics of their ASC are considered generic, while others can only be claimed to be specific the studied ASC. The study thus claims to have initiated a framework for the differentiation of strategic, tactical, and operational planning levels in an ASC.
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Tanzwani, Mashaka. "An investigation of management succession planning in black–owned family business in selected areas in South Africa / by M. Tanzwani". Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4598.
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The objective of this study is to investigate management succession in black–owned
family businesses in South Africa. The study was conducted in two Provinces,
namely Limpopo and the North–West. In the Limpopo province, the study was
conducted in the Vhembe District. The Vhembe district is consists of four
municipalities, i.e. Thulamela, Mutale, Musina and Makhado. In the North–West
province, the study was conducted in the Bojanala District. The Bojanala district has
three municipalities, namely Phokeng, Marikana and Tlhabane.
Family businesses are one of the driving forces behind economic growth in the
developed and developing countries. Their general lack of longevity is a cause for
concern. Their lack of longevity has mostly been attributed to poor succession
management processes which hinder the transfer of the family businesses from one
generation to the next generation. It is because of this concern that the research was
undertaken in order to provide possible suggestions that the family businesses can
adopt and implement in order to ensure a successful transfer of the family business
to the next generation family members.
The research was conducted by means of a literature and empirical study. The
purpose of the literature study was to attain in–dept knowledge of family businesses
and management succession. The literature study formed the basis of understanding
family businesses and the unique challenges facing such businesses.
The literature review has focused on issues such as: the definition of a family
business, unique characteristics of family businesses, the advantages and
disadvantages of family businesses, challenges to the continuity of family
businesses, the definition of succession and succession planning, the importance of
management succession, the nature of the succession process, the selection of a
successor, mentoring and preparing a successor as well as the complete transfer of
management to the successor. The empirical study indicated that successful management succession in family
businesses is hindered by a lack of or poor management succession planning, estate
and retirement planning, the selection of the successor, the prevention and
management of conflict as well as the establishment of family forums which enable
effective communication within the family business.
Therefore, an investigation of management succession in black–owned family
businesses was undertaken due to their lack of longevity as presented in findings
from the empirical study.
Practical recommendations were suggested to support the family and the business to
effectively manage the management succession process in the family businesses.Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Rice, Mary Colleen. "A web design shop for local business owners". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2613.
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This project explores the question of why local business owners are not taking advantage of the benefits the Web has to offer. It presents information that small business owners could use to develop websites for their businesses. It also examines what it would take to start a web design business targeted at local merchants.
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White, George O. "Relation-based strategic responses to volatile regulatory environments conceptual and empirical analyses of wholly owned foreign subsidiaries in Southeast Asia /". To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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