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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Overlap-add procedure"
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Lin, Tingting, Xiaokang Yao, Sijia Yu i Yang Zhang. "Electromagnetic Noise Suppression of Magnetic Resonance Sounding Combined with Data Acquisition and Multi-Frame Spectral Subtraction in the Frequency Domain". Electronics 9, nr 8 (5.08.2020): 1254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081254.
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As an advanced groundwater detection method, magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) has received more and more attention. However, the biggest challenge is that MRS measurements always suffer with a bad signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Aiming at the problem of noise interference in MRS measurement, we propose a novel noise-suppression approach based on the combination of data acquisition and multi-frame spectral subtraction (DA-MFSS). The pure ambient noise from the measurement area is first collected by the receiving coil, and then the noisy MRS signal is recorded following the pulse moments transmitting. The procedure of the pure noise and the noisy MRS signal acquisition will be repeated several times. Then, the pure noise and the noisy signal are averaged to preliminarily suppress the noise. Secondly, the averaged pure noise and the noisy signal are divided into multiple frames. The framed signal is transformed into the frequency domain and the spectral subtraction method is applied to further suppress the electromagnetic noise embedded in the noisy MRS signal. Finally, the de-noised signal is recovered by the overlap-add method and inverse Fourier transformation. The approach was examined by numerical simulation and field measurements. After applying the proposed approach, the SNR of the MRS data was improved by 16.89 dB and both the random noise and the harmonic noise were well suppressed.
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Sargiani, Vagner, Alexandra A. De Souza, Danilo Candido De Almeida, Thiago S. Barcelos, Roberto Munoz i Leandro Augusto Da Silva. "Supporting Clinical COVID-19 Diagnosis with Routine Blood Tests Using Tree-Based, Entropy-Structured Self-Organizing Maps". Applied Sciences 12, nr 10 (19.05.2022): 5137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12105137.
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Data classification is an automatic or semi-automatic process that, utilizing artificial intelligence algorithms, learns the variable and class relationships of a dataset for use a posteriori in situations where the class result is unknown. For many years, work on this topic has been aimed at increasing the hit rates of algorithms. However, when the problem is restricted to applications in healthcare, besides the concern with performance, it is also necessary to design algorithms whose results are understandable by the specialists responsible for making the decisions. Among the problems in the field of medicine, a current focus is related to COVID-19: AI algorithms may contribute to early diagnosis. Among the available COVID-19 data, the blood test is a typical procedure performed when the patient seeks the hospital, and its use in the diagnosis allows reducing the need for other diagnostic tests that can impact the detection time and add to costs. In this work, we propose using self-organizing map (SOM) to discover attributes in blood test examinations that are relevant for COVID-19 diagnosis. We applied SOM and an entropy calculation in the definition of a hierarchical, semi-supervised and explainable model named TESSOM (tree-based entropy-structured self-organizing maps), in which the main feature is enhancing the investigation of groups of cases with high levels of class overlap, as far as the diagnostic outcome is concerned. Framing the TESSOM algorithm in the context of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) makes it possible to explain the results to an expert in a simplified way. It is demonstrated in the paper that the use of the TESSOM algorithm to identify attributes of blood tests can help with the identification of COVID-19 cases. It providing a performance increase in 1.489% in multiple scenarios when analyzing 2207 cases from three hospitals in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. This work is a starting point for researchers to identify relevant attributes of blood tests for COVID-19 and to support the diagnosis of other diseases.
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Kukharenko, V. M., L. P. Perkhun i N. M. Tovmachenko. "The Method for Comprehensive Quality Evaluation of Tests. Part 2". Statistics of Ukraine 83, nr 4 (17.12.2018): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/su.4(83)2018.04.09.
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In the article, the description of the complex evaluation method is given, as well as the classical method of Data Mining and Item Response Theory (IRT). In the general method there are six steps. This article describes steps 4-6.
The fourth step of the method is to evaluate the reliability of the test. A universal two-step procedure is proposed – the assessment of the reliability of individual test tasks based on the coefficient of internal coherence of Kjuder – Richardson and the evaluation of the reliability of the test as a whole by the coefficient of generalization. The first of the coefficients is considered acceptable at the level of 0.7 and above, the second – at the level of 0.8 and above. Two-factor ANOVA variance analysis without repeated measurements in SPSS was used to calculate the second coefficient.
At the fifth stage of the methodology, the quality of students' differentiation is assessed by a test that is being studied. The tool for this is selected hierarchical cluster procedures, classification trees and classification discriminant functions. The calculations were performed by means of Statistica and SPSS. Three clusters of students with high, medium and low academic performance were identified. It is shown that the test under study allows the differentiation of students.
At the last, sixth stage, a study of the quality of the test is described based on the one-parameter model of Rash. The levels of the difficulty of the test assignment and the mastering of the student's study material are measured in logics. The analytical task of the characteristic individual curve of the test assignment and the characteristic individual curve of the student, as well as the auxiliary formulas for their calculations, are given. The description is illustrated by a specific example. It is noted that the characteristic curves of students based on the Rash model by means of MathCAD, can clearly divide the latter into two groups – strong (have positive logic) and weak (have negative logic). Recommendations on the interpretation of the obtained results for certain test tasks are formulated. In particular, in case of overlap of the characteristic curves of various test tasks, they must be deleted (normative-oriented test) or reconstructed (criterion-oriented test). This paper does not consider how to determine which test question is to be deleted or corrected, but it is indicated that this can be established with the help of a two-parameter Birnbaum model. If the density of the characteristic curves of the test tasks is not the same; It is recommended to add a test task (in the case of a normative-oriented test) or thus change the duplicate test questions (in the case of a normative-oriented test) to fill the gaps of the abscissa, where there are no characteristic curves.
By the practical implementation of this technique, the authors determine the development of a separate plug-in that is compatible with the Moodle distance learning platform.
The prospect of further research in the theoretical framework is determined by the authors of the study of the boundaries of the use of two-parameter and three-parameter models of Birnbaum to improve the process and test results of students in distance learning systems.
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Domańska, Ada, i Robert Zajkowski. "Barriers to gaining support: a prospect of entrepreneurial activity of family and non-family firms in Poland". Equilibrium 17, nr 1 (27.03.2022): 191–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eq.2022.008.
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Research background: This paper explores the approach that focuses on entrepreneurial activities suppressed by restraining forces or different barriers. We investigated a particular type of obstacles reported by entrepreneurs, i.e., those which prevented their gaining access to support instruments. This paper delved into the specificity of family businesses and explained why perceptions of access to support could differ between family and non-family firms. Purpose of the article: This paper seeks to identify the differences between family and non-family businesses in terms of their perceptions of different barriers that hinder access to support instruments. Methods: The main research processes were based on logistic regression models with a dependent variable: 0 for a non-family firm and 1 for a family firm. As dependent variables 13 barriers to the access of public support instruments were adopted. The study was conducted on a sample of 386 Polish business entities. Findings & value added: The results confirmed the existence of differences between family and non-family businesses in perceptions of barriers towards gaining support in entrepreneurial endeavours. Obstacles, such as overly-complex bureaucratic procedures and requirements, lack of access to information disseminated by business support institutions, and complicated support settlement procedures, were perceived as far less crucial by family businesses than non-family businesses. Family businesses demonstrated a lower propensity to use real property as collateral for transactions. Additionally, family businesses with financial resources that overlap with their own familial resources declared that they found it easier to make their own contributions to satisfy the requirements for support programmes or services. This paper makes several novel and significant contributions to the field. First, we add to existing research focusing exclusively on family entrepreneurial activity by drawing a comparison between family and non-family firms in terms of the perceived barriers towards gaining support. Second, we address different types of barriers. Our findings provide further evidence that different types of businesses perceive certain types of barriers differently. Third, we extend current knowledge on family businesses study in Poland.
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Miller, J. Michael, Matthew J. Binnicker, Sheldon Campbell, Karen C. Carroll, Kimberle C. Chapin, Peter H. Gilligan, Mark D. Gonzalez i in. "A Guide to Utilization of the Microbiology Laboratory for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases: 2018 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Society for Microbiologya". Clinical Infectious Diseases 67, nr 6 (28.06.2018): e1-e94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy381.
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Abstract The critical nature of the microbiology laboratory in infectious disease diagnosis calls for a close, positive working relationship between the physician/advanced practice provider and the microbiologists who provide enormous value to the healthcare team. This document, developed by experts in laboratory and adult and pediatric clinical medicine, provides information on which tests are valuable and in which contexts, and on tests that add little or no value for diagnostic decisions. This document presents a system-based approach rather than specimen-based approach, and includes bloodstream and cardiovascular system infections, central nervous system infections, ocular infections, soft tissue infections of the head and neck, upper and lower respiratory infections, infections of the gastrointestinal tract, intra-abdominal infections, bone and joint infections, urinary tract infections, genital infections, and other skin and soft tissue infections; or into etiologic agent groups, including arthropod-borne infections, viral syndromes, and blood and tissue parasite infections. Each section contains introductory concepts, a summary of key points, and detailed tables that list suspected agents; the most reliable tests to order; the samples (and volumes) to collect in order of preference; specimen transport devices, procedures, times, and temperatures; and detailed notes on specific issues regarding the test methods, such as when tests are likely to require a specialized laboratory or have prolonged turnaround times. In addition, the pediatric needs of specimen management are also emphasized. There is intentional redundancy among the tables and sections, as many agents and assay choices overlap. The document is intended to serve as a guidance for physicians in choosing tests that will aid them to quickly and accurately diagnose infectious diseases in their patients.
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Miller, J. Michael, Matthew J. Binnicker, Sheldon Campbell, Karen C. Carroll, Kimberle C. Chapin, Peter H. Gilligan, Mark D. Gonzalez i in. "A Guide to Utilization of the Microbiology Laboratory for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases: 2018 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Society for Microbiologya". Clinical Infectious Diseases 67, nr 6 (31.08.2018): 813–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy584.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract The critical nature of the microbiology laboratory in infectious disease diagnosis calls for a close, positive working relationship between the physician/advanced practice provider and the microbiologists who provide enormous value to the healthcare team. This document, developed by experts in laboratory and adult and pediatric clinical medicine, provides information on which tests are valuable and in which contexts, and on tests that add little or no value for diagnostic decisions. This document presents a system-based approach rather than specimen-based approach, and includes bloodstream and cardiovascular system infections, central nervous system infections, ocular infections, soft tissue infections of the head and neck, upper and lower respiratory infections, infections of the gastrointestinal tract, intra-abdominal infections, bone and joint infections, urinary tract infections, genital infections, and other skin and soft tissue infections; or into etiologic agent groups, including arthropod-borne infections, viral syndromes, and blood and tissue parasite infections. Each section contains introductory concepts, a summary of key points, and detailed tables that list suspected agents; the most reliable tests to order; the samples (and volumes) to collect in order of preference; specimen transport devices, procedures, times, and temperatures; and detailed notes on specific issues regarding the test methods, such as when tests are likely to require a specialized laboratory or have prolonged turnaround times. In addition, the pediatric needs of specimen management are also emphasized. There is intentional redundancy among the tables and sections, as many agents and assay choices overlap. The document is intended to serve as a guidance for physicians in choosing tests that will aid them to quickly and accurately diagnose infectious diseases in their patients.
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Valdez Gonzalez, Julio Alejandro, Pedro Mayorga Ortiz, Christopher Druzgalski, Vesna Zeljkovic, Gilberto Chavez i Monceni Perez. "Expanded VAD Guided Subdivision of Cardiopulmonary Sounds". Revista Ingeniería Biomédica 13, nr 25 (27.10.2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.24050/19099762.n25.2019.1317.
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Cardiopulmonary auscultation is a diagnostic procedure that has a challenging task since the components of heart rate and lung sounds overlap. There were many approaches to quantify the characteristics of these signals, and one of the newest is the voice activity detection (VAD) and the Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM). Considering the lung and heart sounds as acoustic events, this paper proposes a novel assessment methodology of these diagnostic indicators. Here, VAD-GMM was applied to detect and extract the main events in lung sound and heart sounds. VAD-GMM results were compared with other VAD methodology based on statistical approach, and it was found that VAD-GMM give more definite results. Since Mel Frequency Cepstral coefficients (MFCC) and Quartiles feature vectors, were already successful in pattern recognition, VAD-GMM was carried out using this kind of acoustic vectors. Therefore, this method could add in a transition from qualitative traditional auscultation to quantitative assessment and assisted computerized diagnosis by identifying abnormal acoustic indicators. Diagnosis by computerized detection promises to be a more efficient method than traditional methods, which are limited by the auditory capability and experience of a medical professional.
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Raffaella, Troncone, Coda Marco, Aliberti Daniele, Ciccone Vincenzo i Carbone Mattia. "Role of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance in the study of the Prostate". Journal of Advanced Health Care, 10.04.2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36017/jahc2004-002.
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Magnetic resonance imaging is the fastest and least invasive diagnostic method for the study of the prostate. The method's multiparametricity allows the acquisition of the images highlighting different characteristics in relation to the different sampling sequences. In particular, the MRI investigation plays a role in: • risk stratification and staging of the tumor, therefore active surveillance • detection of prostate cancer; • localization and characterization of prostate cancer before performing a procedure (pre-biopsy, pre-surgery, or radiation therapy); • procedural guide (targeted biopsy guide). The study protocol includes T2-weighted sequences on an axial and sagittal plane, diffusion-weighted sequences for the functional study (DWI) with high b values, contrast dynamic sequences (DCE-MRI), T1-weighted sequences with a large FOV. The study protocol here presented follows the latest PI-RADS v2.1 guidelines. The axial scan plans are acquired according to the anatomical axis of the gland. In our protocol we add a further neutral T2 weighing, a sequence that will be subsequently used for the coupling of images with fusion techniques, such as target-biopsy. The adoption of PI-RAADS v2.1, the most recent update of the system, improves the assessment of intra-patient injury variability and simplifies the general assessment of the prostate in magnetic resonance imaging. The magnetic resonance examination thus obtained allows the correct overlap of the lesion anatomy with the ultrasound image TRUS acquired with the Fusion technique, used for targeted biopsy sampling.
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Nascimento, Thaysa, Maribel Carvalho Suarez i Roberta Dias Campos. "An integrative review on online ethnography methods: differentiating theoretical bases, potentialities and limitations". Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 25.07.2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qmr-07-2021-0086.
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Purpose As a result of the advancement of the online environment, several methodological proposals emerged to establish procedures for digital qualitative research. While the various online ethnography methods overlap, they are not equivalent in terms of their theoretical bases, procedures and goals. The purpose of this article is to add clarity to their main differences, depicting specificities, potentialities and limitations of each method. Design/methodology/approach This conceptual article results from an integrative literature review that brought together studies that proposed, debated or used qualitative research methods in the digital environment. The research focused on the primary indexed journals publishing cultural studies in the past 20 years. Findings The literature review highlights four methods – virtual ethnography, digital ethnography, netnography and the post-application programming interface ethnography. The integrative literature review adds clarity depicting the main premises and procedures of each method. The present analysis positions the different methods considering two dimensions: the focus on the boundaries of the group/culture investigated, and the focus on the platform agency, affordances and specific dynamics. Originality/value The article proposes a comparative framework outlining points of convergence and divergence to create a reference for researchers on topics of significance while designing and conducting a research study in a digital environment. This conceptual organization highlights and supports qualitative researchers on their methodological challenges.
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Hasselbach, Lisa, Johannes Weidner, Albrecht Elsässer i Gregor Theilmeier. "Heart Failure Relapses in Response to Acute Stresses – Role of Immunological and Inflammatory Pathways". Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine 9 (25.04.2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.809935.
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Cardiovascular diseases continue to be the most imminent health care problems in the western world, accounting for numerous deaths per year. Heart failure (HF), namely the reduction of left ventricular function, is one of the major cardiovascular disease entities. It is chronically progressing with relapsing acute decompensations and an overall grave prognosis that is little different if not worse than most malignant diseases. Interestingly acute metabolically and/or immunologically challenging events like infections or major surgical procedures will cause relapses in the course of preexisting chronic heart failure, decrease the patients wellbeing and worsen myocardial function. HF itself and or its progression has been demonstrated to be driven at least in part by inflammatory pathways that are similarly turned on by infectious or non-infectious stress responses. These thus add to HF progression or relapse. TNF-α plasma levels are associated with disease severity and progression in HF. In addition, several cytokines (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6) are involved in deteriorating left ventricular function. Those observations are based on clinical studies using inhibitors of cytokines or their receptors or they stem from animal studies examining the effect of cytokine mediated inflammation on myocardial remodeling in models of heart failure. This short review summarizes the known underlying immunological processes that are shared by and drive all: chronic heart failure, select infectious diseases, and inflammatory stress responses. In conclusion the text provides a brief summary of the current development in immunomodulatory therapies for HF and their overlap with treatments of other disease entities.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Overlap-add procedure"
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Alsteris, Leigh, i n/a. "Short-Time Phase Spectrum in Human and Automatic Speech Recognition". Griffith University. School of Microelectronic Engineering, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20060727.090845.
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Incorporating information from the short-time phase spectrum into a feature set for automatic speech recognition (ASR) may possibly serve to improve recognition accuracy. Currently, however, it is common practice to discard this information in favour of features that are derived purely from the short-time magnitude spectrum. There are two reasons for this: 1) the results of some well-known human listening experiments have indicated that the short-time phase spectrum conveys a negligible amount of intelligibility at the small window durations of 20-40 ms used for ASR spectral analysis, and 2) using the short-time phase spectrum directly for ASR has proven di?cult from a signal processing viewpoint, due to phase-wrapping and other problems. In this thesis, we explore the possibility of using short-time phase spectrum information for ASR by considering the two points mentioned above. To address the ?rst point, we conduct our own set of human listening experiments. Contrary to previous studies, our results indicate that the short-time phase spectrum can indeed contribute signi?cantly to speech intelligibility over small window durations of 20-40 ms. Also, the results of these listening experiments, in addition to some ASR experiments, indicate that at least part of this intelligibility may be supplementary to that provided by the short-time magnitude spectrum. To address the second point (i.e., the signal processing di?culties), it may be necessary to transform the short-time phase spectrum into a more physically meaningful representation from which useful features could possibly be extracted. Speci?cally, we investigate the frequency-derivative (or group delay function, GDF) and the time-derivative (or instantaneous frequency distribution, IFD) as potential candidates for this intermediate representation. We have performed various experiments which show that the GDF and IFD may be useful for ASR. We conduct several ASR experiments to test a feature set derived from the GDF. We ?nd that, in most cases, these features perform worse than the standard MFCC features. Therefore, we suggest that a short-time phase spectrum feature set may ultimately be derived from a concatenation of information from both the GDF and IFD representations. For best performance, the feature set may also need to be concatenated with short-time magnitude spectrum information. Further to addressing the two aforementioned points, we also discuss a number of other speech applications in which the short-time phase spectrum has proven to be very useful. We believe that an appreciation for how the short-time phase spectrum has been used for other tasks, in addition to the results of our research, will provoke fellow researchers to also investigate its potential for use in ASR.
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Alsteris, Leigh. "Short-Time Phase Spectrum in Human and Automatic Speech Recognition". Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366602.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Incorporating information from the short-time phase spectrum into a feature set for automatic speech recognition (ASR) may possibly serve to improve recognition accuracy. Currently, however, it is common practice to discard this information in favour of features that are derived purely from the short-time magnitude spectrum. There are two reasons for this: 1) the results of some well-known human listening experiments have indicated that the short-time phase spectrum conveys a negligible amount of intelligibility at the small window durations of 20-40 ms used for ASR spectral analysis, and 2) using the short-time phase spectrum directly for ASR has proven di?cult from a signal processing viewpoint, due to phase-wrapping and other problems. In this thesis, we explore the possibility of using short-time phase spectrum information for ASR by considering the two points mentioned above. To address the ?rst point, we conduct our own set of human listening experiments. Contrary to previous studies, our results indicate that the short-time phase spectrum can indeed contribute signi?cantly to speech intelligibility over small window durations of 20-40 ms. Also, the results of these listening experiments, in addition to some ASR experiments, indicate that at least part of this intelligibility may be supplementary to that provided by the short-time magnitude spectrum. To address the second point (i.e., the signal processing di?culties), it may be necessary to transform the short-time phase spectrum into a more physically meaningful representation from which useful features could possibly be extracted. Speci?cally, we investigate the frequency-derivative (or group delay function, GDF) and the time-derivative (or instantaneous frequency distribution, IFD) as potential candidates for this intermediate representation. We have performed various experiments which show that the GDF and IFD may be useful for ASR. We conduct several ASR experiments to test a feature set derived from the GDF. We ?nd that, in most cases, these features perform worse than the standard MFCC features. Therefore, we suggest that a short-time phase spectrum feature set may ultimately be derived from a concatenation of information from both the GDF and IFD representations. For best performance, the feature set may also need to be concatenated with short-time magnitude spectrum information. Further to addressing the two aforementioned points, we also discuss a number of other speech applications in which the short-time phase spectrum has proven to be very useful. We believe that an appreciation for how the short-time phase spectrum has been used for other tasks, in addition to the results of our research, will provoke fellow researchers to also investigate its potential for use in ASR.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Microelectronic Engineering
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Książki na temat "Overlap-add procedure"
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Datta, Asoke Kumar. Epoch Synchronous Overlap Add: A Concatenative Synthesis Procedure for Speech. Springer, 2018.
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Datta, Asoke Kumar. Epoch Synchronous Overlap Add: A Concatenative Synthesis Procedure for Speech. Springer, 2017.
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Datta, Asoke Kumar. Epoch Synchronous Overlap Add: A Concatenative Synthesis Procedure for Speech. Springer, 2018.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Overlap-add procedure"
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Barrows, Clayton, i Michael Robinson. "Financial Operations in Clubs". W Club Management. Goodfellow Publishers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/9781911635062-3986.
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Most students have taken a module in accounting, finance or both. There are many aspects of both of these areas (and where they overlap) that apply to clubs. In this chapter, we will present the areas with which students should be familiar, and those which club managers have told us are important. This chapter will focus primarily on ‘big picture’ financial topics, that is, financial areas that are under the purview of the general manager, finance committee, controller, and/or the board of directors. However, club practices differ from those of other hospitality organizations in both large and small ways, many of which affect their financial procedures. For instance, many clubs do not accept cash payments (or credit cards) for services, only allowing members to charge services rendered to their accounts. This obviously impacts who pays, how they pay, cash flows, and systems and procedures. Another example is the importance of dues to clubs – clubs’ greatest source of revenues is usually in dues (quarterly or monthly payments by members). This means that clubs rely greatly on a source of funds that is a function of the number of members, not member activity. Another example of how club finances differ is that they have sources of revenues and expenses that are unique in the hospitality industry, such as initiation fees, ‘unused food minimums’ and ‘unrelated business income’. Add to this that the majority of clubs are operated on a not-for-profit basis, meaning that they manage their operations for the long-term sustainability of the organization and not for short term profit. All of this adds up to clubs representing a unique niche in the area of financial management.