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Alamri, Yahya Abdullah, Betül EKİMCİ i Mehmet İNCEOĞLU. "AN APPROACH FOR PRESERVING OTTOMAN CULTURAL HERITAGE UNDER THREAT IN YEMEN: A CASE STUDY " THE OLD CITY OF SANA'A"". Journal of Islamic Architecture 7, nr 1 (28.06.2022): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jia.v7i1.13048.
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Cultural heritage is one of the human development aspects throughout the historical ages. Yemen is one of the wealthiest regions with cultural heritages in the Middle East, due to its important geographical location linking India, China, Africa, and the Mediterranean countries. Sana'a developed through successive Islamic eras, one of the most important of them was during Ottoman period. During their presence in Yemen, Ottomans were interested in constructing different types of buildings and bringing about a great civilizational and architectural renaissance in various regions of Yemen, especially in the city of Sana'a. However, cultural heritage in Sana'a was badly damaged during the Yemeni conflict, including Ottoman heritage. This study proposes an approach for preserving the building's cultural heritage under threat. This approach was based on the European Standard (EN 16096:2012 (E)), Conservation of cultural property - Condition survey and report of building’s cultural heritage. The methodology used will help preserve the cultural heritage in Sana'a by assessing the damage caused by the war in Sana'a, and appropriate proposals were made. This study considered a group of Ottoman structures in the old city of Sana'a as a case study. It shows the war-affected historical sites in all Yemeni cities. During the period of Ottoman rule in Yemen, various facilities were built in most regions of Yemen, most of which were concentrated in the old city of Sana'a. Ottoman establishments were counted in the old city of Sana'a, where there were twenty-eight of them, twenty-one installations still in existence, and seven destroyed and no longer existing.
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Özkan, Selim Hilmi. "The Life of Science and Thought in the Period of Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror". Uluslararası Sosyal ve Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, nr 22 (15.12.2024): 111–21. https://doi.org/10.20860/ijoses.1581412.
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The Ottoman Empire was one of the principalities established in Anatolia after the Mongol invasion. The principality embarked on a conquest movement in the border region to make room for Turkmen from the east. After becoming politically more potent, this process fought with both Byzantium and Anatolian principalities and gave importance to science, art, and education. As a result, it attracted the attention of scholars in the region in a short time. Because the Seljuks had left a great scientific heritage, it was only natural that this legacy would be passed on to the state that held political sovereignty. In time, the Ottoman Principality became the center of this heritage. With Mehmed the conqueror [Fatih], the state entered a new phase and claimed the heritage of the East and the West. This study will examine the impact of the new understanding that began with Fatih on Ottoman scientific thought and education. It will also try to reveal the influence of the Fatih complex on later madrasas and educational institutions. Our sources are the Fatih Foundation, and the studies based on it.
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Petrevska, Biljana, i Cvetko Andreeski. "Mapping new Ottoman heritage tourism routes in North Macedonia: A supply-side approach". Journal of the Bulgarian Geographical Society 51 (27.12.2024): 205–28. https://doi.org/10.3897/jbgs.e137445.
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North Macedonia possesses a rich cultural heritage dating back to the Ottoman period (14th–19th century). This heritage is evident in various architectural structures such as bazaars, bridges, hammams, clock towers, and mosques. While some of these sites are actively used for tourism, many remain untapped, each offering unique historical, cultural, and architectural significance. This study explores the potential of developing Ottoman heritage tourism products in North Macedonia. The research aims to identify and establish new tourism routes in the Northeast, East, and Southeast regions, by adopting an experiential approach. Through in-depth interviews with informants experienced in tourism, the study utilizes spatial intuition to map significant sites and designs routes highlighting the richness of Ottoman heritage. The research identifies Kratovo, Shtip, and Strumica as key cities within these regions, serving as pivotal points for the proposed routes. The study reveals that informants strongly believe that Ottoman heritage tourism can attract visitors, foster cultural understanding, and contribute to local economic development. The core appeal of these routes lies in the authenticity, unique aesthetics, architectural significance, and educational value of the Ottoman heritage sites. This study contributes to the existing literature by emphasizing the value of Ottoman heritage and advocating the critical importance of its preservation. From a practical standpoint, the proposed routes, interconnected across three regions, cater to diverse visitor interests and might offer a unique tourism experience.
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Akyürek Algın, Meltem, i Şebnem Hoşkara. "Transformation of Silifke—A Historic Town in Anatolia in the Ottoman Period". Buildings 14, nr 5 (14.05.2024): 1412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051412.
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This article focuses on the Ottoman Period urban fabric of Silifke, a crucial historical town in Turkey. The aim of this paper is to develop a research framework for the transfer of cultural heritage and cultural continuity in multi-layered historical cities. In this context, investigating the level of sociocultural transition and physical permeability between layers is the main problem of the article. The scope of the study consists of an approximately 1.5 km2 (150 hectares) area within the boundaries of the 3rd Degree archaeological site determined in 1995 by the Adana Cultural and Natural Heritage Conservation Regional Board. In the case area, there are building remains and 58 registered buildings, 40 of which were built during the Ottoman Period. The findings and evaluations were examined in three parts: the periods before the Ottoman Period, the Ottoman Period, and the Republican Period. Analyses were developed independently or overlapped from archive documents such as the Presidential Ottoman Archive (BOA), provincial yearbooks, engravings of travelers, photographs, aerial photographs of different years, current maps, zoning plans, and conservation plans. Then, we made descriptions and inferences about urban change/transformation, which is affected by the political, economic, social, cultural, and environmental factors of the town and will shape the future change/transformation and management of the town. The ultimate goal is to set up a basis for the Silifke town center that will guide future interventions and design and planning policies for cultural continuity.
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Moraitis, Konstantinos, Panagiotis Kontolaimos i Filio Iliopoulou. "The Ottomans and the Greek Landscape: The Perception of Landscape in Greece by the Ottomans and Its Impact on the Architectural and Landscape Design". Heritage 4, nr 4 (20.10.2021): 3749–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4040206.
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The current research examines the transformation of the rural and urban landscape during the Ottoman Period across modern Greek territory and the relationship between those changes and the cultural as well as political perceptions of the Ottoman elites, from roughly 1400 to 1800. The study embraces the view of the importance of the landscape as a crucial factor in the birth and development of civilizations and it attempts to confirm this view by projecting it in intentional examples of organization of the built space in Greece, focusing, as already mentioned, on the Ottoman period. Those aforementioned examples highlight the influence of the political and cultural trends in the Ottoman court on specific landscape formations, which reflect the social structure of the Ottoman Empire and constitute at the same time, the spatial inscription of all political decisions. The methodology adopted in this research with regards to the exploration of the relationship between the building units and the natural surroundings in the selected case studies is based on the theoretical investigation of the cultural background of the Ottomans and their association to the Byzantine heritage, supplemented by in situ research in thoroughly selected case studies across Greece. The results of this combined methodological toolset attested to the fact that the Ottomans, through the use of spatial and cultural elements deriving either from their oriental background or from the local established ones, altered the spatial qualities of their surroundings in a way that the emerging political ideologies, the financial power, and the imperial glory of the Ottomans were manifested into the landscape.
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Major, Róbert, i Balázs Kósa. "Religious Architecture in Pécs during the Period of Ottoman Hungary". Műszaki Tudományos Közlemények 11, nr 1 (1.10.2019): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33894/mtk-2019.11.29.
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Abstract In today’s increased pace of life there are some things with incomparable meanings that we are getting too used to. Because of this, architects today play a very big role in the defense of the legacy of our architecture. It is our duty and responsibility to keep defending this legacy, but not stop at just the level of simple preservation. The city of Pécs is filled with architectural remains from different time periods, but most of all buildings from the era of Ottoman Hungary. This architectural heritage was left from one of the bloodiest time periods from the history of our country, and it has become a symbol for the city. In the shadow of the Ottoman Empire, Pécs became an important trading and cultural center, being a bridge between east and west, north and south. While some of the buildings left from this era were brought to public awareness, a lot of them were forgotten, and only a few people know about the architectural treasures the city holds. In this paper I would like to highlight some of the forgotten Ottoman heritage, focusing on the religious buildings. As a conclusion to this paper, I would like to present an architectural plan to bring attention to these buildings.
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ÜNLÜ, Ertan. "Auction Practices in the Early Modern Period Ottoman Empire". Çanakkale Araştırmaları Türk Yıllığı 21, nr 33 (24.10.2022): 136–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17518/canakkalearastirmalari.1170673.
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Nowadays, auction is a popular sales mechanism that is used for a wide range of and the various purposes, from works of art to real estate, from food to clothing and hobby products. This mechanism, which includes the sale of the goods to the buyer who gives the highest bidder, is also defined by different terms such as open bidding and vendue etc. The auction practice, which has been seen in this way since ancient times, was also used in the early modern period Ottoman world. Therefore, the focus of this article is auction practices in the early modern period Ottoman Empire. The purpose of this is to understand whether the auction had a formation phase in the Ottoman Empire or not. In this direction, the subject has been examined around movable goods and the capital of the empire is at the centre of the study. The sources of the article constitute the lists of heritage and old property, which sold, and auction registers in the Ottoman Archives.
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Artkan, Merve. "A RESEARCH ON THE USE OF OTTOMAN-ISLAMIC HERITAGE AS A CONSUMPTION OBJECT IN CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE". Journal of Islamic Architecture 6, nr 4 (26.12.2021): 338–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jia.v6i4.11811.
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The Islamic heritage contains a rich cultural diversity with residential and public buildings such as traditional houses, mosques, palaces, and caravanserais that belong to the Ottoman Empire period. The character of the Islamic tradition is reflected in the environment-form-space organizations and construction techniques of these buildings. But today, the influence of the Islamic heritage has begun to be represented with the dominance of consumption-oriented culture and technology. The references taken from the architecture influenced by Islam are reduced to pure visuality and fashion. Especially, Ottoman architecture and its traditional elements become consumption objects that put visuality in the foreground in contemporary design practices. The Ottoman-Islamic heritage is referenced by imitating traditional buildings’ facades or copying structural elements. These new buildings produced with today’s technologies under the name of continuity of historical culture aim to fulfill the demands of the capitalist economy rather than conveying the essence of design. The study criticizes the transformation of Ottoman-Islamic architecture’s authenticity into “looking/pretending authentic” as a theme. In this context, this study discusses the Ottoman-Islamic heritage has become an object of consumption through a variety of examples that are located in Turkey such as hotels, shopping centers, residential buildings.
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KOCYIGIT, Oguz. "LATE OTTOMAN PERIOD CULTURAL HERITAGE OF ÇANAKKALE: COMMERCIAL AND PRODUCTION BUILDINGS". TÜRKİYE BİLİMLER AKADEMİSİ KÜLTÜR ENVANTERİ DERGİSİ, nr 15 (14.07.2017): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22520/tubaked.2017.15.008.
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Gusić, Monika. "Ottoman religious architecture in Croatia". St open 3 (28.04.2022): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.48188/so.3.3.
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Objective: To provide a description and analysis of built, surviving, and lost Ottoman religious monuments in Croatia within the historical and sociopolitical context. Methods: Based on the analysis of relevant published sources, historical maps, online sources, as well as site analysis, we provide a description of Ottoman architectural, religious, and cultural heritage in the contemporary Croatian regions of the Dalmatian hinterland and Slavonia. This includes the art historical interpretation of the remains of the three surviving 16th-century domed mosques in three Croatian towns: Klis (today, the Catholic Church of St. Vitus in the Fortress), Drniš (now incorporated into the Catholic Church of St. Anthony held by the Franciscans), and Đakovo (today, the Catholic Church of All Saints). Results: The period of Ottoman rule saw the construction of a great number of Ottoman religious buildings in what is now the territory of the Republic of Croatia. There were two methods of mosque establishment: from the ground up, or by repurposing an older building, generally of Christian origin. With cessation of Ottoman rule these objects decayed and became less interesting for reutilization for Christian religious purposes. Many such converted objects perished in spite of their new utilization. The site analysis revealed the continuity of these sacred places in spite of religious conversion of the sacral site. Conclusion: The introduction of Ottoman architectural and urbanistic features was the defining feature of urban development in Croatia during the Ottoman era. In the settlements, the Ottomans built both sacral and utilitarian profane buildings, but Ottoman religious buildings were the most prominent. In the territory of present day Croatia, only three such Ottoman places of worship remain in existence as structures, albeit reconverted into Catholic churches. Today, due to the conversion and renovation works, they represent a fusion of several stylistic periods.
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Ѓоргиев [Ǵorgiev], Драги [Dragi]. "Османлиското наследство во Република Македонија: предност или хендикеп?" Slavia Meridionalis 11 (31.08.2015): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sm.2011.011.
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Ottoman heritage in Macedonia: an advantage or a handicap?The ethno-centric study of the Ottoman past after the establishment of the national Christian countries on the Balkan, causes many negative stereotypes. Today the cultural and historical heritage from that period is still followed with the negative perception which affects the every-day life of the people living on the Balkan. The cause of this texts is through few examples of the Ottoman heritage in Republic of Macedonia, which is one of the most significant segments of the multiculturalism in this country, to show that for the Macedonian state the Ottoman heritage still represents a serious disability, which can not be absorbed and integrated in the contemporary Macedonian society. Dziedzictwo osmańskie w Macedonii: korzyść czy utrudnienie? Etnocentryczne badania nad osmańską przeszłością i kształtowaniem się chrześcijańskich państw narodowych na Półwyspie Bałkańskim wskazują na istnienie wielu negatywnych stereotypów odnoszących się do tej przeszłości. Kulturowo-historyczne dziedzictwo czasów minionych także dzisiaj dowodzi ich oddziaływania. Towarzyszy temu negatywna percepcja i upolitycznienie, wpływając na życie codzienne Bałkanów.Na podstawie kilku przykładów z dziedziny kultury duchowo-materialnej i demografii w artykule ukazano osmańskie dziedzictwo w Republice Macedonii, gdzie wielokulturowość i wielowyznaniowość stanowią najistotniejsze elementy jej rzeczywistości. Dowodzą one, iż we współczesnym państwie macedońskim scheda przeszłości osmańskiej nadal stwarza poważne problemy, które uniemożliwiają pełne zintegrowanie współczesnego społeczeństwa macedońskiego.
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Samourkasidou, Elena, i Dimitris Kalergis. "Ethnicity and Cultural Heritage: Compatible or Conflicting Concept?" European Journal of Architecture and Urban Planning 1, nr 4 (2.08.2022): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejarch.2022.1.4.10.
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Cultural heritage embodies every aspect of culture from the past, which has been incorporated into current society. Collective urban identity includes all those individual components of collective memory that leave their spatial imprint on the city. The paper aims to research the transition of cities from the multicultural Ottoman Empire to the formation of nation-states and the management of cultural heritage and urban physiognomy by each of them. Moreover, the preservation of the collective memory and identity of cities is a decisive factor in their evolutionary course. The methodology followed includes the comparative analysis of 5 representative port-cities of the Ottoman Empire: Thessaloniki, Istanbul, Izmir, Beirut and Alexandria, where the element of cosmopolitanism is vivid. The searching period concerns the time just before its dissolution and the emergence of nation-states. The paper concludes that the rise of nationalism and the conflicts between states that will result from the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire will irreversibly alter the population composition of these cities, which will evolve violently from multi-ethnic Ottoman cities to mono-ethnic cities in the 20th century. The abrupt emergence of nation-states resulted in the marginalization of key aspects of the cities' heritage in an attempt to create and consolidate new national narratives. This resulted in the dissolution of urban continuity in cities which affected not only the identity and self-definition of cities in global urban networks but also their development process and dynamics, depriving them of an important asset of differentiation and specialization. The lack of awareness of the importance of the cultural heritage of cities is also demonstrated by the fact that the Ottoman past should be a mere parenthesis in the history and landscape of them and is therefore eliminated from it.
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Çağnan, Çiğdem. "Güney Lefkoşa’da Osmanlı Dönemi Camileri / Ottoman Period Mosques in South Nicosia". Journal of History Culture and Art Research 7, nr 1 (31.03.2018): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v7i1.1346.
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<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>Cyprus, the third largest island in Mediterranean has passed different types of civilization periods. The most significant periods reflecting the architectural and historical characteristics in the island are; until XVIth century under the influence of Latin Civilizations, later on Ottoman (1571-1878), British (1878-1960) and Modern (1960-present) periods. Due to its strategic position in Mediterranean, different cultures from east and west are combined in its heritage. The Turks came to Cyprus in 1571 when the Island was conquered by Ottomans. After this date, the Ottomans began to build their culture they brought with them in Cyprus. All the necessary administrative, religious and public institutions for the administration of the island were established. The monumental buildings indicating Ottomans administrative, educational and social configuration in architecture like mosques, baths, inns, mills, aqueducts, educational institutions, commercial places were built and their continuity with the <em>waqfs</em> (foundations) tradition was ensured. In 1974, a bi-regional settlement policy has been followed on the Island. The northern part settled by the Turkish Cypriots, the southern part settled by the Greek Cypriots and Nicosia became a divided capital city. In this study, the four mosques Omerieh, Bairakdar, Arablar and Tahtakale (Taht-El Kale) from Ottoman Period in South Nicosia are investigated. In the study firstly the archieves of awqaf (vaqf) and literature were searched and historical information about the buildings were collected. Afterwards, the buildings were observed on site and their current conditions were analyzed. The study was made with the aim of documenting the current structural and functional conditions of these mosques which each one is a part of tangible cultural heritage.</p><p> </p><p><strong>ÖZ</strong></p><p>Akdeniz’de üçüncü büyük ada olan Kıbrıs, farklı uygarlık dönemleri geçirmiştir. Adaya mimari ve tarihi özelliklerini yansıtan en belirgin dönemler; XVI. yüzyıla kadar Latin Uygarlıkları’nın etkisinde daha sonra Osmanlı (1571-1878), İngiliz (1878-1960) ve Modern (1960-günümüz) dönemleridir. Akdeniz'deki stratejik konumu nedeniyle kültür mirası, doğudan ve batıdan değişik kültürleri kapsamaktadır. Türkler Kıbrıs'a 1571'de adanın Osmanlı’lar tarafından fethi ile birlikte gelmiştir. Bu tarihten sonra Osmanlı’lar, beraberlerinde getirdikleri kültürü Kıbrıs’ta da inşa etmeye başlamışlardır. Adanın yönetimi için gereksinim duyulan idari, dini ve kamu ile ilgili kurumlar kurulmuştur. Camiler, hamamlar, hanlar, değirmenler, su kemerleri, eğitim kurumları ve ticaret yerleri gibi Osmanlı’nın yönetim, eğitim ve sosyal yapılanmasının mimari alanda göstergeleri olan anıtsal yapılar inşa edilerek, vakıf (evkaf) geleneği ile devamlılıkları sağlanmıştır. 1974’ten itibaren adada iki bölgeli bir yerleşim politikası izlenmiştir. Adanın kuzey bölgesi, Kıbrıslı Türklerin yerleştiği, güney bölgesi ise Kıbrıslı Rumların yerleştiği bölgeler olarak ayrılarak, Lefkoşa bölünmüş bir başkent haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Güney Lefkoşa'da Osmanlı Dönemi'nden kalan dört yapı olan Ömeriye, Bayraktar, Araplar ve Tahtakale (Taht-El Kale) camileri incelenmiştir. Çalışmada öncelikle evkaf (vakıf) arşivleri ve literatür taraması yapılarak, yapıların tarihçeleri ile ilgili bilgi toplanmıştır. Daha sonra yapıların yerinde inceleme yapılarak, güncel durumları analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma, taşınmaz birer kültür mirası olan bu camilerin günümüzdeki yapısal ve işlevsel durumlarının ortaya konması amacı ile yapılmıştır.</p>
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AYTAÇ, Ahmet. "ON CARPET MAKING EDUCATION IN İNAS SCHOOLS SOME ARCHIVE DOCUMENTS". ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR DIE WELT DER TÜRKEN / JOURNAL OF WORLD OF TURKS / TÜRKLERİN DÜNYASI DERGİSİ 16, nr 2 (15.08.2024): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/zfwt/160204.
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The Ottoman Empire existed for 600 years, spread over three continents. The Ottoman Empire, which attaches great importance to archiving, tried to preserve almost all its correspondence. It is known that archive records are the historical heritage of nations. On the other hand, carpet weaving, which came from the Turkestan geography to Anatolia with the Turks, became important during the Ottoman period both as an art form and as a daily use and commercial commodity. There are many archive documents related to this branch of art, showing that the Ottoman Empire supervised and controlled both trade and production. It is also understood from archive documents that the state gave carpet making lessons in İnas schools. In the article, archive records related to carpet weaving lessons in İnas schools will be mentioned. Key words: Ottoman, archive, textile, carpet weaving, school.
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Duraković, Esad. "The poetics of sameness in “Ottoman divan literature”". Godišnjak Centra za balkanološka ispitivanja, nr 42 (6.01.2022): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/godisnjak.cbi.anubih-42.27.
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A relatively large number of writers in Arabic, Turkish and Persian came from Bosnia during the Ottoman period. This part of our cultural heritage has been quite extensively studied as the legacy of oriental languages, usually applying the methods of classic philology, without entering into the question of the value of the works. Scholars cannot agree whetherthey belong to the Ottoman or the Bosniac literary heritage; the argument is dominated by ethnocentric criteria, as they view the works from today’s standpoint, disregarding the standards of the time in which they were produced. However, this paper demonstrates that projecting our present-day standards back onto a different past is academically questionable. During the Ottoman period, literary writing was markedly polycentric, evolving in a system that was strikingly supranational and cross-cultural. A positivist approach to the heritage can neither determine nor explain these facts, which come fully into their own in poetological and cross-cultural studies. The writers of that time did not aspire to originality or to promoting distinctivenational characteristics, but were fully aware, as they composed their works, that they were doing so in the context of “the poetics of sameness,” or inductive poetics, in which tradition is affirmed as a supranational value system. As a result, the poetics of sameness may also be formulated as the poetics of intertextuality and citation, with all their subtypes. Our public still lacks proper studies of that kind; rather, the idea of ethnocentricity as diversity is still in favour, contrary to theundeniable poetological arguments in the approach to this literary legacy.
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Poulos, Panagiotis. "Rethinking Orality in Turkish Classical Music: A Genealogy of Contemporary Musical Assemblages". Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication 4, nr 2 (2011): 164–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187398611x571337.
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AbstractThis article examines the tensions surrounding the status of the Ottoman musical heritage in the context of Turkey's modernizing program, through the study of the transformation of the oral transmission process of music, from the late Ottoman through the Republican period. Employing the concept of mediation, this study aims to underline the complexities of the contemporary creative process in Turkish classical music, as a means of challenging simplistic readings of the relation between Turkish modernity and music, based on binary oppositions such as orality-literacy. Instead, this article situates this process in the 'in-between' spaces produced by Turkish modernity, tracing the continuities of the Ottoman musical tradition within Republican Turkey.
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Khalidi, Rashid. "MAHMOUD YAZBAK, Haifa in the Late Ottoman Period, 1864–1914: A Muslim Town in Transition, The Ottoman Empire and Its Heritage: Politics, Society and Economy, vol. 16 (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1998). Pp. 276. $99.50 cloth." International Journal of Middle East Studies 32, nr 2 (maj 2000): 307–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800002464.
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The study of the history of the modern Middle East has reached the state at which scholars now have access to first-rate monographs, such as this one, even about urban centers as modest as Haifa was during the period covered by this book. This is certainly good news, particularly because books such as this one, and May Seikaly's, which covers a subsequent period of Haifa's history, are comprehensive, well written, and thoroughly grounded in local primary sources. We should be grateful in particular to Brill's “Ottoman Empire and Its Heritage” series for publishing this and other monographs covering the local history of different parts of the Ottoman Empire.
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Bilgin, Elif Acar, Tülin Vural Arslan i Selen Durak. "Physical Changes in World Heritage Sites under the Pressure of Tourism: The Case of Cumalıkızık Village in Bursa". European Journal of Sustainable Development 8, nr 2 (1.06.2019): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n2p249.
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Bursa, the first capital city of Ottoman Empire, was inscribed into UNESCO World Heritage List in 2014 with Khans Area, Sultan Complexes (Kulliyes) and Cumalıkızık village representing the relationship between urban and rural areas of Early Ottoman Period. Cumalıkızık Village is one of the most popular rural settlements in Bursa which maintains its urban fabric, road pattern, and traditional houses. Under the pressure of increasing tourism, traditional houses began to be used for commercial purposes with the interventions made by their owners which threatens the sustainability and preservation of their authenticity and integrity. This paper aims to determine the interventions in historic dwellings and courtyards due to tourism. For this purpose, three historic houses on the most visited sightseeing route starting from the village square, continuing along the nodes of the settlement following the mosque and the hammam (public bath) to examine the physical changes under the effect of tourism. Keywords: cultural tourism; rural heritage; world heritage sites; Cumalıkızık; Bursa
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Özlü, Nilay. "Under the shadow of occupation: cultural, archaeological, and military activities at Topkapı Palace during the armistice period, 1918–1923". New Perspectives on Turkey 71 (listopad 2024): 83–113. https://doi.org/10.1017/npt.2024.24.
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AbstractThis article looks at Topkapı Palace as a showcase reflecting the changing cultural heritage policies of the Allies, as well as of the İstanbul and Ankara governments, during the occupation of İstanbul from 1918 to 1923. It analyzes the military, archaeological, and cultural facets of the occupation, focusing first on the military takeover of the Topkapı gardens, then on the French archaeological mission at the Seraglio, and finally on conflicts over the possession of the imperial treasures and sacred relics. Drawing on primary sources from Ottoman, Turkish, French, and British archives, memoirs, letters, newspapers, and visual material, this article explores the versatility of cultural heritage policies during the occupation and the entangled relations among various power groups, institutions, and actors. The military, strategic, cultural, and historical significance of the royal complex, together with its invaluable imperial collections, made the historic palace a place of rivalry and contestation, as well as deception and cooperation, among various agents and actors, including the Ottoman military and bureaucratic officials, local and foreign archaeologists, the dynastic family, the Interallied government, the occupation forces, and the Turkish resistance forces, ultimately reflecting the military and political empowerment of Ankara.
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Copertino, Domenico. "Reinterpreting and Reforming the City". Ethnologies 35, nr 2 (10.09.2014): 101–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1026550ar.
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Concepts and practices of patrimonialisation in the Middle East, although primarily imported from Europe during the last phase of Ottoman rule and the colonial mandate/period, have been reinterpreted and given new meanings and aims in the postcolonial era. I investigate a local re-conceptualisation of heritage practice, put forward by Damascenes involved in the heritage policies of Syria’s capital city. I also focus on the marginalisation of groups of people considered unfit to be part of the heritage, which is a common outcome of patrimonialisation. Finally, I explore some questions related to the ethnographical study of the global social spaces that are frequently labeled as “heritage-scapes.”
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Amara, Ahmad. "Beyond Stereotypes of Bedouins as ‘Nomads’ and ‘Savages’: Rethinking the Bedouin in Ottoman Southern Palestine, 1875–1900". Journal of Holy Land and Palestine Studies 15, nr 1 (maj 2016): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/hlps.2016.0129.
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This article explores and contests dominant representations of the Bedouin in Historic southern Palestine as nomads and savages, through the study of inter-Bedouin land conflicts in the second half of the nineteenth century. By studying the late Ottoman period, the author seeks to examine Bedouin-State interactions surrounding the question of territoriality and space-making, as well as the long-standing impact of the Ottoman heritage in southern Palestine. The available Ottoman archival resources shed important light on Ottoman representations of the Bedouin, their space and modes of living, and challenge hegemonic representations of the Bedouin as well as the broader pre-Beersheba Bedouin historiography. More specifically, the archival material shows that research categories that are dominant and prevalent in the study of the Bedouin today, such as ‘nomadism’ and ‘pastoralism’, need to be re-thought, and new approaches to the study of the Bedouin need to be employed.
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Randjelovic, Milan. "Traces of Ottoman culture in urban infrastructure and living community of Nis during the reign of Obrenovic dynasty (1878-1903)". Bulletin de l'Institut etnographique 72, nr 1 (2024): 133–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gei2401133r.
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Even though the Europeanization of Nis under the Obrenovic dinasty (1878-1903) was a continuation of the Ottoman westernization, carried out in Nis during the late Tanzimat (1856-1878), it was not only a continued adoption of the advanced achievements of European culture and society. In Nis, under the Obrenovics, the effort was also spent on removing everything that belonged to the culture and heritage of the Ottomans, and replacing it with Serbian, so that the city would catch up with other developed cities in the Principality of Serbia, in terms of appearance and the way of life of its inhabitants. This paper aims to show how deep the roots of the Ottoman influence were in Nis during the reign of the last Obrenovics, through the most visible characteristics of its urban layout and the daily life of its inhabitants (habits, language, and clothing). Since the preserved archival materials written in the language of the administration mostly do not contain data on the mentioned aspects of everyday life, the research used the narrative records of authors who stayed in Nis during this period and left their observations about it.
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Karagöz, Mehmet Ali, i Mine Topçubaşı. "Holistic Conservation Approach to Intangible Cultural Heritage and Places of Eyüp". Mimarlık Bilimleri ve Uygulamaları Dergisi (MBUD) 9, nr 1 (19.07.2024): 678–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1458699.
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Dating back to the Byzantine period, the province of Eyüp in Istanbul is home to a multi-layered structure that was sacred to Muslims during the Ottoman period and today, is an important settlement with both tangible and intangible cultural heritage. In this study, Eyüp’s tangible and intangible cultural heritage and places are discussed regarding the idea of their joint protection in UNESCO's Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. With this in mind, Eyüp’s intangible cultural heritage was identified from the literature and area works; classified according to the categories in its contract; and associated buildings, spaces, textures, and regions were identified. As a result of these identifying factors, it has been observed that social practices related to religious belief continue in Eyüp, however, handicrafts have almost lost their importance and could disappear while some gastronomy remains. In parallel, it was understood that the intangible cultural heritage sites examined were also negatively affected and some were destroyed. As a result, suggestions have been presented to protect both the tangible and intangible cultural heritage together and in situ.
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Zhantiev, Dmitry. "Islamic Traditionalism in the Syrian Provinces of the Ottoman Empire during the Age of Abdulhamid II (1876—1909)". ISTORIYA 12, nr 5 (103) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840015902-1.
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The article examines the reasons and main manifestations of Islamic traditionalism as a stable system of views that dominated the Syrian provinces of the Ottoman Empire in the last quarter of the 19th — early 20th centuries. Consideration of the main theses of the ideological heritage of Abu l-Huda al-Sayyadi, Salih al-Munayir, Yusuf al-Nabhani and their ideological supporters, as well as the socio-political ties between them, allows us to comprehend the strategies of Sultan Abdulhamid II to justify the sacred and lawful, from an Islamic point of view, the nature of the Sultan's power. The study makes it possible to assess the influence of Muslim traditionalist scholars of the late Ottoman period as the conductors of the government policy aimed at consolidating Muslims around the figure of the Ottoman Sultan-Caliph.
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Dragoman, Radu-Alexandru, Sorin Oanță-Marghitu i Tiberiu Vasilescu. "Contribution to an archaeology of the Ottoman Heritage in Romania: The muslim cemetery in Lanurile (Dobruja)." CaieteARA. Arhitectură. Restaurare. Arheologie, nr 12 (2021): 115–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.47950/caieteara.2021.12.07.
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Despite recent increasing interest in the Ottoman materiality in Romania, local archaeological research continues to ignore its long biography, artificially separating the sites and objects from the present. No less problematic is the fact that heritage policies focus solely on the more “famous” Ottoman monuments built by the elites, while ignoring the “modest” architecture found, for example, in rural areas. In order to redress these shortcomings, this study looks at the long biography (from the Ottoman period up to the present day) of the Muslim cemetery in Lanurile in rural Dobruja (Bărăganu commune, Constanţa County), analysing it in relation to other material elements from the neighbouring village of Bărăganu. Ottoman documents mention these two villages by the names Osman-Facı and Ebeköyü, both being inhabited by Turks and Tatars and both part of the kaza of Mangalia. The two villages were renamed Bărăganu and Lanurile, respectively, after the inclusion of Dobruja in the Romanian state in 1878. Gradually – in particular during the 1970s and, increasingly, after 1990 – the inhabitants of these villages (Romanians and Turks/Tatars) began to migrate to nearby towns and cities (Basarabi, Medgidia and Constanţa) or to Turkey (in the case of Turks and Tatars). According to local testimony, this migration occurred simultaneously with the settlement in Bărăganu and Lanurile of many families from the Moldavia region. As a result of this massive depopulation, the Muslim cemeteries are the only remaining material legacy of the villages’ Ottoman past. Lanurile cemetery in particular reflects a genealogical depth (through the extensive and dense distribution of funerary monuments), an aspiration to enduring memory (through the monumentality and durability of the funerary stelae) and an image of eternity (through the monotony of the stones planted in the ground). This funerary space is at one and the same time a monument to a disappeared community, a necropolis in the process of becoming an archaeological site and still-functioning cemetery with a long biography. The present study thus seeks to examine the relationships between the materiality of the Ottoman heritage, the material memory of the Turkish and Tatar communities, local commemorative practices, and the social effects of modernity.
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Bibina, Yordanka. "Contemporarity of history: Ottoman cultural heritage and its Bulgarian perception (from the Balkan perspective)". Slavia Meridionalis 11 (31.08.2015): 119–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sm.2011.007.
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Contemporarity of history: Ottoman cultural heritage and its Bulgarian perception (from the Balkan perspective)The article offers an analysis of subsequent phases of Bulgarian historiography and the way in which they have portrayed the nation’s Ottoman past and the impact it had on the history of Bulgarians. The author seeks to address the question of the influence historical stereotypes have on modern perceptions of the Ottoman heritage.At the dawn of Bulgarian historiography, the Ottoman past was seen through the prism of the new science’s nation-forming tasks and thus interpreted as a “historical misfortune,” a discontinuity, a rupture in the natural process of Bulgarians’ national development, a traumatising element in historical memory. The period itself was in turn referred to as the “Turkish slavery” or “Ottoman yoke.” Narratives of the deeds of the national heroes who gave their lives for freedom thus became the foundation of national pride. This trend prevailed until after World War II.It was only in the 1960s, with the development of Ottoman studies as a scholarly discipline and the emergence of professional researchers willing to draw on the immense Ottoman archives, that these stereotypes began to be questioned. So much so that in the 1970s the term “Turkish slavery” was even abandoned. At the beginning of 21st century, the tension between so-called “traditional historiography” of “older” generations of historians and postmodern approach of “younger” innovators fuelled the “backstage” dispute on the present situation and perspectives in further roads of history as a science. Współczesność historii. Bułgarskie obrazy osmańskiego dziedzictwa kulturowego (z perspektywy bałkańskiej)Artykuł poświęcony jest analizie poszczególnych etapów bułgarskiej historiografii, w której uobecnia się przeszłość osmańska i jej wpływ na dzieje Bułgarów. Autorka szuka odpowiedzi na pytanie, w jakim stopniu stereotypy historyczne wpływają na współczesny odbiór dziedzictwa osmańskiego. W okresie narodzin bułgarskich nauk historycznych przeszłość osmańska była postrzegana w świetle zadań narodowotwórczych i analizowana jako „zły los historyczny”, naruszenie ciągłości, przerwanie naturalnego rozwoju historycznego Bułgarów, naznaczające traumą pamięć historyczną. Sam okres określano za pomocą terminów „niewola turecka”, „jarzmo osmańskie”.W związku z tym narracje na temat czynów bohaterów narodowych, którzy poświęcili życie za wyzwolenie, stawały się podłożem narodowej dumy. Ta tendencja utrzymywała się również po drugiej wojnie światowej. Dopiero w latach siedemdziesiątych XX wieku, wraz z rozwojem osmanistyki jako dyscypliny naukowej i wykształceniem profesjonalnych badaczy sięgających do ogromnych zasobów archiwów osmańskich, zaczęto podważać stereotypy na temat przeszłości, do tego stopnia, że w latach dziewięćdziesiątych XX wieku doszło wręcz do odrzucenia terminu „niewola turecka”. W początkach XXI wieku napięcie między tak zwaną „historiografią tradycyjną”, uprawianą przez „stare” pokolenia historyków, a postmodernistycznym podejściem „młodych” historyków nowatorów stało się podłożem niejawnego sporu na temat obecnej sytuacji i dalszych perspektyw nauk historycznych.
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Egercioglu, Yakup, i Caglayan Deniz Kaplan. "Revitalization of Ottoman Industrial Heritage in Kemeraltı and Izmir History Project". Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 1, nr 4 (8.08.2016): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v1i4.377.
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In this study, conservation and renovation proposals for Hamdi Dalan Soap Factory, where industrial production was carried out at various times especially after the Industrial Revolution, have been developed within the scope of integrating it with its built environment, settlement identity and public/social life. The building is located in Izmir Historical Kemeraltı zone and due to the technological developments of the later period and production oriented economic policies, has lost its function and has been abandoned. This paper aims to discuss a process of participation, implemented and intended works whose pros and cons will be determined. To achieve this, Izmir Metropolitan Municipality has carried out a multidisciplinary "Izmir History Project".© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Revitalization; Izmir History Project; Hamdi Dalan Soap Factory; TARKEM
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Bocharov, Sergei G. "Heritage of the Golden Horde: the origins of Crimean Khanat cities". Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology) 2, nr 40 (27.06.2022): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/pa2022.2.40.231.241.
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Golden Horde State during its existence on the Crimean Peninsula origin two towns Solkhat – Krym (modern Stariy Krym) and Kirk-Yer (modern Chufut-Kale). At the time of its emergence in the mid-15th century, the Crimean Khanate "inherited" only these two towns on the peninsula. Coastal Genoese towns - Caffa (modern Feodosia), Soldaia (modern Sudak), Cembalo (modern Balaklava) and Vosporo (modern Kerch) were situated near as well as two towns of the Late Byzantine principality Theodoro: the capital of the principality – Theodoro (now Mangup) and the town Calamita (now Inkerman). As a result of the Ottoman conquest of 1475 the number of Ottoman Crimean towns remained the same, only their names were changed: Caffa became Kefe, Soldaia – Sudak, Cembalo – Balaklava, Vosporo – Kerch, Theodoro – Mangup, Calamita – Inkerman. The total number of the Ottoman Crimean towns remained virtually unchanged for three centuries. In contrast, in the territory of the Crimean Khanate in the last quarter of the 15th and early 16th centuries five new towns were founded. Bahchisaray, Karasubazar, Ak-Mechet, Gezlev and Or Kapu were added to two old Golden Horde cities – Solkhat and Kirk-Yer. It were new towns that got priority in development. The political and economic center of Golden Horde Solkhat in the second half of the 15th century would lose its administrative importance and economic influence. During the khan's period it would be called Eski Krym. The main conclusion of the study is that all new towns of the Crimean Khanate (Bahchisaray, Karasubazar, Ak-Mechet, Gezlew, Or Kapu) were not connected with the previous centuries-old urbanistic tradition of local Byzantine or Genoese cities, they appeared in previously unoccupied places, where at best there were Golden Horde settlements. The original urban planning foundations of these cities come from the Golden Horde (in the broad sense – the Eastern) urban planning tradition.
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ÇİFÇİ, Mehmet Faruk. "Within the Framework of the Ottoman Scientific Heritage Arabic Linguists and Writers from Mudurnu". Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 10, nr 1 (31.05.2022): 48–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33931/dergiabant.1063089.
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This article is about the Arabic linguists of Mudurnu and their works. The reason for this is that there is no academic study about the works of these scholars yet. The information given in the sources about these scholars is extremely limited and their works have not been published -except for Sükûnî-. It is also remarkable that they were brought up in Mudurnu, not from the other districts of Bolu. For this reason, the first part of the study is devoted to the brief history of Mudurnu and its position in the Ottoman period. In addition, by examining the archive documents, information about the Ottoman madrasahs in Mudurnu was conveyed, so that it was tried to contribute to the researches about the district. In the second part of the study, the works of these Mudurnu scholars were examined in terms of the Arabic language, in addition their sources were determined and their contributions to the field were emphasized. Based on these features, it is possible to say that the study has the identity of a qualitative analysis and a bibliography devoted to a limited geography. As a result of this study, it was determined that linguists such as Ramazan Mehmet, Shaykh Muhammed b. Mustafa and Ismail an-Nāsih were from Mudurnu and they produced valuable works on the science of Naḥw, Literature and Furūq. On the other hand, it was concluded that this situation may be related to the early accession of Mudurnu to the Ottoman lands and its geographical location.
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Görçin, Merve, i Alev Erarslan Göçer. "Transforming Bakırköy Powder Magazine, an Industrial Heritage, through Repurposing into a Public Space". Proceedings of the International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism-ICCAUA 7, nr 1 (30.06.2024): 1222–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/iccaua2024tr0007.
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Heritage structures from the Ottoman period, such as the Bakırköy Powder Magazine in the Bakırköy district ofIstanbul, served their original purposes when constructed, but technological advancements and societal changeshave rendered them obsolete. In order to ensure the sustainable use of these structures and the transfer ofcultural heritage to future generations, the concept of "Industrial Archaeology," originating in 1950s England, hasgained significance. Advocated by art historian Alois Riegl, this approach proposes adapting industrial heritagestructures to meet the needs of modern society while preserving their historical and cultural values. The case ofBakırköy Powder Magazine serves as a significant example of how such interventions can contribute to thecultural richness of a society. The focus of the research is to examine the historical structure, Baruthane, whichsupplied gunpowder for the Ottoman State, both before and after its repurposing. The building, now functioningas a library, observation terrace, café, and social spaces, is thoroughly evaluated in terms of its historical context,pre-intervention identity, and subsequent architectural features. In this context, the repurposing of industrialheritage structures not only preserves history but also contributes to society by adapting them in a mannercompatible with the needs of modern society.
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Nassereddine, Attari, Mechouari Zineb i Laoues Souad. "Analysis of the restoration of mosque Ali Betchine of Algiers". MATEC Web of Conferences 149 (2018): 02060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814902060.
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Ali Betchine is one of the oldest mosques in the city of Algiers of the Ottoman period. Classified as a national monument in 1947. In 1986, UNESCO gave Ali Betchine its universal cultural dimension. This classification of the mosque has resulted in the building currently being protected from any major architectural shuffle in order to protect and preserve it. The Ali Betchine mosque underwent several transformations during the French colonization, it was converted into a church under the name “Notre Dame des Victoires”. After the independence of the country, this church was converted into a mosque. The evolution of heritage protection in Algeria can be monitored after a period of follow-up by the country's first regulations on heritage protection. It is noticed that an awareness of the architectural heritage of the country was beginning to emerge. The Ali Betchine mosque underwent restoration work which ended in September 2010 after more than twelve years of closure to the faithful. The paper traces the different stages of its restoration.
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Mehdiyev, E. T. ""NEO-OTTOMANISM" IN THE REGIONAL POLICY OF TURKEY". MGIMO Review of International Relations, nr 2(47) (28.04.2016): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2016-2-47-32-39.
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The article is devoted to the ideology of Turkey's foreign policy. The term "neo-Ottomanism" is increasingly used in recent years in relation to the Turkish foreign policy. The concept of neo-Ottomanism, which ideology is the Prime Minister Davutoglu, implies a relationship of foreign policy of modern Turkey with the historical heritage of the Ottomans and its focus on return "last Ottoman", taking into account today's realities. The author examines this phenomenon in the context of the regional policy of Turkey in this period. The main directions of the strategy of neo are the Middle East, North Africa, Central Asia, the Caucasus, the Crimea, and the Balkans. Particular attention is paid to manifestations of neo-Ottomanism in the post-Soviet region and the Middle East, as well as "soft power" strategy in the Turkish neo-Ottomanism. Activities of Ankara in the regions belonging to the sphere of its geopolitical interests is carried out on political, economic, religious, cultural and educational levels. Rapprochement with the political and business circles of influence of countries in the region is aimed at the formation of pro-Turkish lobby. "Arab Spring" has given Turkey a historic opportunity to realize its neo-Ottoman ambitions and create a new order in the Middle East. Turkey's rapprochement with the Islamic world during the 'Arab Spring' demonstrated that Ankara supported in conjunction with the Western nations protest and opposition movements in Egypt, Libya and Tunisia, aims to demonstrate to the West the growth of its influence in the region. Mediation is used in regional conflicts Turkish leadership as an instrument of "soft power", with which Ankara aims to increase its international and regional credibility. The result of "neo-Ottoman" Turkey's policy in relations with Russia became a serious crisis in all spheres of cooperation. Strategic mistakes made by the head of the republic R. Erdogan in the settlement of the Syrian crisis, may lead to instability of the entire region. The author considers the possible directions of neo-Ottoman Turkey's policy in the studied regions in the near future.
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Yenigün, Kasım, A. Cihat Kürkçüoğlu, Mustafa S. Yazgan, Reşit Gerger i Uğur Ülgen. "From ancient times to the present: development of the drinking water supply system of Şanliurfa in south-eastern Turkey". Water Supply 13, nr 3 (1.05.2013): 646–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.043.
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In this paper, water supply, distribution and storage structures in Şanlıurfa city that were built since the ancient times are investigated and technological details of some water supply structures are given. The city is one of the oldest cities and has hosted many civilizations throughout the centuries, beginning from 11500 BC. The acquired archaeological heritage shows that the city had important water supply practices. Many water structures, which can be categorized as the structures of the pre-Islamic Period (Roman Period) and post-Islamic Period (Ottoman Period), were constructed in the city. Charity structures and cisterns, Turkish baths, aqueducts and dams, water balance facilities, maksems, bridges, wells, fountains and karliks are among these structures. Roman influence is observed in the water architecture of the Ottoman Empire. The influence is best observed in the hayrats of the city, built in the pre-Islamic and post-Islamic Period. During the history of the city, the settled communities have destroyed many of the cultural structures of previous civilizations; however they have protected and developed water structure systems. This situation has meant that water structures have lasted to the present and it is interesting to note that most of these systems are still in use.
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Özdamar, Esen Gökçe. "The Transformation of Tobacco Factories and Depots in İstanbul Waterfront". Changing Societies & Personalities 6, nr 2 (11.07.2022): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/csp.2022.6.2.181.
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Since the 17th century, tobacco has been an important economic resource and a source of employment for hundreds of thousands of people both in the Ottoman Empire and throughout the Republic period. It has been an important source of employment, especially for the low-income female population. Tobacco control and management were given to the French Régie Company within the framework of the capitulations given to the French in the Ottoman Period, and subsequently the Tekel (İnhisarlar) administration in the Republic Period, also caused many social events. Tobacco, which entered the Ottoman lands in the 17th century, was banned several times over time for various reasons, as in many societies, and many people were punished. Monopoly management of tobacco as Tekel (İnhisar) was accepted for the first time in 1862, to centralize its production in 1861 and control tobacco smuggling and production. Since the 19th century, tobacco factories and warehouses have been built in districts of İstanbul such as Cibali, Üsküdar, and Kabataş, and sometimes they have been temporarily in existing historical buildings. With the development of tobacco production and factories, these buildings, which served different purposes until the 1980s, were later abandoned, some of them were demolished due to urban growth and development, and some of them have survived to the present day by transformation through restoration and renovation. Therefore, this article focuses on the transformation of tobacco factories and warehouses in the coastal areas of İstanbul as an industrial heritage.
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Al-Saffar, Mazin. "Sustainable Urban Heritage: Assessing Baghdad’s Historic Centre of Old Rusafa". Architecture 4, nr 3 (9.08.2024): 571–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/architecture4030030.
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Baghdad’s historical centre is Old Rusafa, which has a long history dating back over a thousand years. The area enclosed within the old wall is approximately 5.4 square kilometres and contains nearly 15,700 buildings. The city’s old core contains significant heritage buildings that belong to the Abbasid Empire (762–1258) and the Ottoman Period (1638–1917). This paper assesses Baghdad’s historical centre and urban heritage. It addresses how the urban fabric has faced irreparable damage, a weak definition of demands, and an ambiguous formulation of what to preserve. The research examines Old Rusafa’s dense irregular fabric, significant old souqs, heritage mosques, historical buildings, and traditional Baghdadi courtyard houses. The research implements various research strategies at different levels to evaluate the current condition of the built heritage in the city centre. It adopts a mixed methodological research approach that brings information from both qualitative and quantitative methods to address the research problems. The paper argues that achieving sustainable urban heritage requires considering efficient and sustainable strategies that drive urban evolution and encourage historic centre revitalisation towards sustainable heritage conservation. The outcomes of this paper raise awareness of the significance of safeguarding Baghdad’s Islamic architecture and the sustainable reuse of its uniquely built heritage stock.
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Macit, Abdülkadir. "An Assessment on Balkan Historiography". Journal of Balkan Studies 5, nr 1 (15.01.2025): 39–78. https://doi.org/10.51331/a052.
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In addition to their own originality in historiography, Muslims inherited the accumulation of ancient civilizational basins such as Hijaz, Bilad al-Sham, Egypt, Maghreb, Andalusia, Iraq, Iran, Sindh and Mawara' al-Nahr. They created a wide variety of genres by making it more systematic and methodological. The Muslim historiography of the 7th-10th centuries, which harmoniously combines authenticity and heritage, was in contact with the Balkans indirectly through the Byzantine Empire during this period. However, its main impact and contribution to the basin was in the 11th-18th centuries, when it continued its development in historiography. During this period, Muslims, especially the Ottomans, who established political dominance in the region modeled the historiography, which had completed its development and developed a methodology, in the basin and brought an era to the activities of the basin in the field of historiography. The historiography, which was based on the narration of either the history of empires or the history of emperors in the form of special histories, has changed and developed with the methodology and model developed by Muslims. İn this regard, they created a great linguistic richness in the basin with Ottoman Turkish, provided diversity through the four main genres of siyar and maghazi, general, special, city and regional histories, and established a close relationship between administrations and historians. As a result, the Balkans have made great progress with the strong contribution and influence of Muslims in historiography. This study deals with the process of historiography in the Balkans in a comprehensive manner. These issues are discussed through more than four hundred historiographers and historical sources, mostly based on historiographical studies available in Turkish and taking into account the activities of the Ottoman Empire, a dynasty of six centuries. The main significance of this study is that it takes the step of presenting the strong contribution and influence of Muslims in historiography in the Balkans, which developed especially until the 19th century, in a holistic manner. The aim of this study is to increase the interest in Balkans studies, which is constantly developing in our country, and to attempt to unearth the huge heritage in the field of historiography.
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Malinović, Miroslav. "Architectural Heritage of Franciscan Convent in Fojnica (Bosnia and Herzegovina)". Prostor 32, nr 2(68) (27.12.2024): 280–93. https://doi.org/10.31522/p.32.2(68).8.
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The Franciscan Order has played a significant role in the Roman Catholic presence in present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina since establishing the Bosnian Vicariate in 1340. It has profoundly influenced the region’s religious, cultural, and social development. The Franciscan convent in Fojnica, founded in the late 14th century, has been instrumental in this mission. Despite facing repeated destruction and subsequent rebuilding during the Ottoman period, the convent emerged as a crucial educational and religious centre. Architecturally, it evolved with substantial contributions from architects like Josip pl. Vancaš, who designed the Renaissance-Revival Style church in 1886. This paper delves into its rich history of resilience and adaptation, highlighting its significance in Bosnian Franciscan heritage and its role in preserving Catholic traditions amidst challenging historical circumstances. It examines the historical background of architectural heritage, focusing on a systematic analysis of benefactors, involved architects, and construction masters, a review of the architectural design, and an evaluation of its features.
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Zapadenko, Igor, i Iryna Leskiv. "ABOUT THE «TURKISH FORTIFICATIONS» OF MEDZHYBIZH 1672-1699 IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DOCUMENTARY CHRONOLOGY OF THE OTTOMAN CLAIMS FOR PODILLYA". Current Issues in Research, Conservation and Restoration of Historic Fortifications 17, nr 2022 (2022): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/fortifications2022.17.053.
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The article presents the chronology of the Turkish and Polish stay in Medzhybizh and control over the Medzhybizh Castle based on documents and publications of archival materials. The short period of Turkish rule, which actually lasted about 8 years, as well as the difficult situation for the Ottomans in Podillіa in 1672-1699, cast doubt on the widespread narratives about the 27 years of Ottoman occupation of Medzhybizh. Instead, there is evidence of the inability of the Turkish military to hold the castle. Documents, which have long since been introduced into scientific circulation, testify that for most of this time Medzhybizh was in the hands of its hereditary owner Mikołaj Hieronim Sieniawski and served as a center for Polish military raids in Podillіa. The real description of the events of 1772-1699 in Medzhybizh disproves the stereotypes that have been circulating in the literature for two centuries. Documentary information practically excludes the presence of an Ottoman contribution to the architectural and fortification heritage of Medzhybizh. As it turns out, the claim that the Turks «greatly enlarged and decorated the castle» is a repeat of a myth that has circulated in popular literature for two centuries. On the contrary, the Turkish garrison's unreadiness for active defense led to its capitulation in October 1673 to the troops of Mikołaj Hieronim Sieniawski, and in 1686 to an attempt to blow up the castle by the Turks after the evacuation from Medzhybizh. The article provides illustrations of the damage that could be the result from this attempt to blow up the castle.
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Karaderi, Şefika, i Zihni Turkan. "First Greek Orthodox Temple in Sustainable Cultural Heritage of Nicosia’s Historical Urban Texture: Chrysaliniotissa Church and Its Architectural Characteristics". Sustainability 16, nr 23 (21.11.2024): 10178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su162310178.
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The initial development of Nicosia’s historical urban texture, reflecting the rich cultural heritage of various civilisations that have shaped the history of Cyprus, can be traced back to the Lusignan period (1191–1489). This urban framework continued to evolve through subsequent eras, including the Venetian (1489–1570), Ottoman (1571–1878), British (1878–1960), and Republic of Cyprus (1960–…) periods, as well as more recent developments. As a result, Nicosia has transformed into an open-air museum, encapsulating the architectural and cultural imprints of its diverse historical influences. Greek Orthodox Churches, significant among the island’s historical monuments, continue to function today while preserving their distinctive architectural features, serving as enduring symbols of Christianity in Cyprus. The Chrysaliniotissa Church, a notable example within the Walled City of Nicosia, stands out from other churches due to its origins dating back to the Lusignan period of Cyprus and its unique architectural characteristics. In this paper, qualitative research methods were used based on a literature review for the necessary theoretical information and on-site field studies on the architectural features of the church. This paper aims to examine the Chrysaliniotissa Church, highlighting its architectural features shaped by the influences of various historical periods. Additionally, this paper seeks to underscore the significance of this cultural heritage site in contributing to the sustainability of Nicosia’s historical urban texture.
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Biliaieva, S. O. "THROUGH THE PRIZM OF A NEW VISION. YURI BOLTRYK IN INTERNATIONAL ORIENTALIST PROJECTS". Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 33, nr 4 (25.12.2019): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2019.04.01.
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The article presents the role and activity of Dr. Yu. Boltryk in the researches of international projects which take place at the end of twentieth — at the beginning of twenty first century during the excavation of outstanding sites of Ottoman culture in the North Pontic region. It is especially important that the beginning of purposeful study of the Turkish cultural heritage in Ukraine was synchronous to creation of Ottoman archaeology as a special scientific direction. At the same time it was the period of formation of new vision on the historical process in Ukraine, as an independent state, freedom of minds and national development. The international projects enjoy the scholars of various countries: Great Britain, Canada, USA, Poland and Turkey. The works took place in outstanding site of medieval period — the Akkerman fortress. The main exploration were conducted in the Low yard where the bathhouse and barbican have been discovered. Complex of geophysical and other works on the base of methods of natural sciences escaped all yards of the fortress. Dr. Yu. Boltryk take one of the provision place in all kind of works with his ideas in methodic, theory and practice of archaeological exploration. During the last seasons of the fulfilment of projects the main attention of scholar was drown to the interdisciplinary works in the field of dendrochronology all together with professor T. Wazhny. Besides of it Dr. Yu. Boltryk took part in the excavation of the central part of historical city Ochakiv and the observation of remains of the fortress Kizikermen. His activity makes a significant contribution to the study of Ottoman period in the history of Ukraine and preservation of historical and archaeological sites.
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İPEK, Cemil Doğaç, i Mehmet Çağatay GÜLER. "Türk Dünyasında Birlik Fikrinin Kökenleri". Bilig, nr 105 (27.04.2023): 129–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12995/bilig.10506.
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As the Turks outside the Ottoman Empire lost their independence from 1885 and the ideas such as Ottomanism and Pan-Islamism were overwhelmed with the zeitgeist, the idea of unity emerged as a worldview and a new image of civilization in the Turkic World, which reinterpreted its civilizational identity within the framework of a multilevel reconstruction period. This study addresses the reconstruction of the centuries-long historical and cultural heritage of the Turkic world by the representatives of this idea based on the unity of language, i.e. having language as a unifying element, from a historical perspective. In this framework, studies published in five different languages were analyzed.
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Mitić, Marija. "PRIMERI EVROPSKIH IZVORA NA ROMANSKIM JEZICIMA U SLUŽBI KULTURNE BAŠTINE LESKOVCA I OKOLINE". Leskovački zbornik LXII (2022): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/lz-lxii.061m.
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e period of the establishment of fruitful trade relations between the Ottoman Empire and Europe, from the 15th to the 18th century, is actually the period when many envoys and travel writers wrote in their reports about the Balkans, including the south of Serbia, which was under foreign rule at that time. Speaking about the sources important for the study of Leskovac and its surroundings, we can say that they represent a fertile and very diverse material and we can categorize them into travel reports, travel diaries, chronicles, epistles, dictionaries and lists. Their charm is all the greater because they are written in different European languages. The largest number of sources are in the Latin language, while a certain number of sources were written and published in other Romance languages, such as French, Spanish, Portuguese, as well as in varieties of the Old Italian language. This fact sheds light on some new research that goes beyond previous conclusions based only on the analysis of Ottoman and Cyrillic sources and opens the door to some new research based on the study f sources on Roman sources that are important testimonies and an important part of the cultural heritage of the South of Serbia
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De Grijs, Richard. "All roads lead to (New) Rome: Byzantine astronomy and geography in a rapidly changing world". De Medio Aevo 13, nr 2 (8.10.2024): 273–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/dmae.92755.
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During the first few centuries CE, the centre of the known world gradually shifted from Alexandria to Constantinople. Combined with a societal shift from pagan beliefs to Christian doctrines, Antiquity gave way to the Byzantine era. While Western Europe entered an extended period of intellectual decline, Constantinople developed into a rich cultural crossroads between East and West. Yet, Byzantine scholarship in astronomy and geography continued to rely heavily on their ancient Greek heritage, and particularly on Ptolemy’s Geography. Unfortunately, Ptolemy’s choices for his geographic coordinate system resulted in inherent and significant distortions of and inaccuracies in maps centred on the Byzantine Empire. This comprehensive review of Byzantine geographic achievements—supported by a review of astronomical developments pertaining to position determination on Earth—aims to demonstrate why and how, when Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453 and the Ottoman Empire commenced, Byzantine astronomers had become the central axis in an extensive network of Christians, Muslims and Jews. Their influence remained significant well into the Ottoman era, particularly in the context of geographical applications.
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Věra, Klontza-Jaklová, Panagiotakis Nikos, Tengeriová Romilda, Smíšek Michal, Fernandes Ricardo i Klontzas Manolis. "The Cretan Horse: Still a Unique Breed? Part I: Equines on Crete from the Neolithic to the Ottoman Period". Cheiron: The International Journal of Equine and Equestrian History 3, nr 2 (1.09.2023): 113–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22618/tp.cheiron.20233.2.216005.
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The Cretan (or Messara, Giorgalidiko) horse or pony was first mentioned as a distinct specific horse breed by the Ottomans in 1895. This horse, however, may have a much longer history, perhaps going back to the prehistoric era. It also has an unsure future. Based on a review of available archaeofaunal, iconographical, and historiographical information, the authors identify the characteristics of the Cretan horse, discuss the possible origin of this breed, describe its current breeding status, and present a proposal for its preservation. Domesticated horses (Equus caballus) appeared on the island by the end of the third millennium B.C.E. and became part of the cultural context after the mid-second millennium B.C.E. It is difficult to trace the horse in Crete during Classical antiquity, early Christianity, and the early Middle Ages. It is possible that various breeds of E. caballus were present on the island during the Late Middle Ages. The Cretan horse is understood as part of local tradition, a historical patrimony, and an integral part of Crete‘s cultural heritage. The geographical, climatic, historical, and cultural characteristics of the island were imprinted in its characteristics. The Cretan horse is poorly documented up to this day. It now faces extinction. The authors gathered information and evidence of horses on Crete from the Neolithic period up to the present day. They produced two papers, representing a comprehensive overview of the Equus Cabalus history of the island. The first paper covers the period from prehistoric times up to 1895, when the Cretan horse was declared a special breed by the Ottoman administration and protected legally. The research summarizes archaeological, osteological, iconographical, and historical evidence. The second paper describes the state of the breed during the twentieth century, the current position, its further needs and future prospects.
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Turkan, Zihni, i Gaye Anil. "An important cultural heritage in the walled city historical texture of Nicosia: “Victoria street ”". Revista Amazonia Investiga 9, nr 31 (7.08.2020): 148–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2020.31.07.13.
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Victoria Street is the most important arterial street of Arabahmet Neighborhood, an important part of the walled city of Nicosia, the capital of Cyprus, which houses the historical city texture. A cultural mosaic embodied in its architectural heritage, the formation of the street texture dates back to the Byzantine period of Cyprus. Beginning in the Lusignan period with the Armenian Church still standing today, the historical street texture did not show any development during the Venetian period. The formation of texture of Victoria Street continued in the Ottoman period, and a symbol of the street and the city, ArabahmetPaşa Mosque and XIX. Century Traditional Turkish Houses have taken place in its texture. The historical street texture saw its most important formation and development process during the British period. Besides many buildings with shops on the ground floor and houses on the upper floors built during this period, concrete buildings of shops and houses, three-floor apartments built towards the end of this period contributed to the shaping of the street. The Catholic Church within the present day historical texture of the street was also built during the British period, and forms the border of the street at its south end. During the Republic of Cyprus period, which began in 1960, concrete shops and houses were built in place of buildings tumbling down, and the development of the street texture continued. However, because of the political strife between the communities in Cyprus, the demographical profile of the street changed and this historical texture was neglected. Later, some of the Traditional Turkish House style buildings were renovated with funding from the United Nations and became functional. The aim of this study is to analyze the formation and development of Victoria Street, which is an important cultural heritage within the historical texture of the walled city of Nicosia, through various historical periods, and to establish the physical and social status and its important place in the city beginning with the first construction of the street texture to the present. Information was gathered from written and visual resources for the study using a qualitative research method. The street texture was examined with a field study and photographed.
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Taşçı, Burcu. "An Analysis of a Historical House in Alaçatı, Çeşme". Scientific Research Communications 5, nr 1 (31.01.2025): 11–27. https://doi.org/10.52460/src.2025.002.
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Alaçatı, located on the Çeşme Peninsula in Türkiye, is a historic and touristic coastal settlement. In recent years, despite the growing influence of tourism on its historic center, the settlement has managed to partially preserve its urban fabric and architectural heritage. In the historic center of the settlement, the civil architecture from the Ottoman period stands out as a prominent physical representation of cultural heritage. Historical houses are particularly significant for understanding the socio-cultural history of the settlement. Today, most of them have been restored and lost their original functions. On the other hand, some historical buildings hold a significant place in the city's memory, not only for their residential function but also for their commercial role in the settlement. A notable example is atwo-storied stone house named “Yürük Grocery”, situated in the Hacı Memiş Neighborhood, Alaçatı. Among the other historical houses, it stands out with its corner position, shared courtyard design and ground-floor function. This study aims to document the architectural features and cultural heritage values of this historical building, trace its evolution over time, and contribute to the literature. The methodology of this study includes documentation, literature review, archival research, fieldwork, and oral expressions. As a result, this study has identified three periods by examining the building's architectural features, history, construction techniques, and material characteristics in its evolution. In this way, the study contributes to maintain its historical identity.
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Kasumovıć, Fahd. "Understanding Ottoman Heritage in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Conversions to Islam in the Records of the Sarajevo Sharia Court, 1800-1851". Belleten 80, nr 288 (1.08.2016): 507–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2016.507.
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The trend of mass conversions to Islam took place in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period between the 15th and 17th centuries, and has, thanks to the work of a couple of researchers of this period, been extensively studied and expounded on. On the other hand, the academic community has very little information on conversions to Islam in the period that followed. The goal of this study was to shed light on the conversions to Islam before the Sarajevo Sharia Court in the first half of the 19th century. In doing so, it devotes particular attention to the very act of conversion, its foundations in the Sharia law, the intensity of the conversions, and the identities of the converts themselves. Upon studying the Sarajevo court records, we see that the trend of the expansion of Islam did continue in the 19th century, albeit to a much more limited extent. Between 1800 and 1851, 123 people willingly converted to Islam before the Sharia Court in Sarajevo. In addition, there were also ten underage children (according to Sharia regulations), who were legally converted to Islam after one of their parents became a Muslim. There were conversions happening almost every year, with only five years in this period for which we have no registered conversions, while between one and seven people converted within one Gregorian calendar year. Previously, the new Muslims had been members of other monotheistic religions found in the region (Catholics, Orthodox Christians, Jews), and hailed from town and village surroundings.
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ZAMAN, FARIDAH. "THE FUTURE OF ISLAM, 1672–1924". Modern Intellectual History 16, nr 3 (10.10.2018): 961–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244318000422.
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This article examines the ways in which defining the character of early Islam has been instrumental to contemporary political debates at distinct moments in time. It looks in particular at Restoration-era England and the last decades of the Ottoman Caliphate. In the latter period, European and Muslim scholars alike reappraised Islamic history in the context of the often polemical discourse surrounding pan-Islamism and the future of Islam. Indian Muslim writers especially moved into new and inventive historical territory. They took up the vocabulary of modern politics in their histories and in doing so pluralized the heritage of certain ideas and concepts, including democracy, constitutionalism, republicanism, and socialism. The result was the articulation of a usable, progressive Islamic past.
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Kafafi, Zeidan. "The Antiquities of Jordan in the Reports of Foreign Explorers and Travelers (The Stage Before the Establishment of the Emirate of Jordan in 1921 AD)". Jordan Journal for History and Archaeology 16, nr 3 (31.10.2022): 139–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.54134/jjha.v16i3.658.
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This article studies the foreign explorers and travelers who documented the archaeological heritage of Jordan during the 18th and 19th centuries in their travel reports. The article begins with a summary of the historical and social conditions of Jordan at the time, when Jordan was part of the Ottoman state. The article examines the foreign explorers in three sub-periods:
From the end of the Crusader period in the aftermath of the Battle of Hittin in 1187 up to Napoleon’s military expedition to Egypt in 1798.
From Napoleon’s military expedition in 1798 up to the establishment of the Western learned societies interested in the antiquities of Palestine, starting with the British Palestine Exploration Fund in 1865.
From the establishment of the Palestine Exploration Fund in 1865 up to the establishment of the Emirate of Jordan in 1921.
The reports of the travelers and explorers concentrated on sites and regions mentioned in the biblical narratives
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Turkan, Zihni. "Formation and Sustainability in Historical Squares: An Analysis on The Example of Nicosia Historical Urban Texture". European Journal of Sustainable Development 13, nr 3 (1.10.2024): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2024.v13n3p631.
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Squares, which are social meeting and community areas of societies, have shaped important public open spaces of settlements. Located in historical urban textures, such spaces are also a source reflecting the history of the city with the artefacts from their formation processes. The squares acquired their identity through surrounding formations from different periods in the history of Cyprus and have come to the present day with their active lives. Sarayönü, Selimiye and ?nönü squares in the walled city of Nicosia have developed from their first formation during the Lusignan period of the island up until Venetian, Ottoman, British, Republic of Cyprus. The historical squares, which completed their development relatively during the British period, have been damaged by multi-storey reinforced concrete buildings, which are controversial and incompatible with traditional architecture, added to their textures because of inadequacies in protection, especially after the mid-1970s, and their historical textures have lost their sustainability. This study aims to analyse the historical squares in Nicosia, which have been formed over a period of more than eight hundred years with cultural heritage works from different civilisations, and to reveal the damage caused to their identities by incompatible buildings added to their textures and the importance of sustainability in historical textures with protection. Keywords: Square, sustainability, texture, Nicosia, historical