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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Organon (Aristotles)"
1
Díaz López, Lucas. "El Uso Aristotélico de Variables en Lógica y sus Supuestos Ontológicos." Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy 19, no. 38 (2011): 33–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philosophica2011193810.
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A logical reading on Aristotle’s Organon discovers some inconsistencies in the text which have to be solved by reducing them to metaphysical decisions of the author, if they are not just identified as deficiencies in the exposition that should be corrected. The present article tries to display a line of reading paying attention to those so-called inconsistencies, in an attempt to understand them as specific steps in Aristotle’s research. In order to this goal it focuses on the exposition procedure of the Aristotelian figures: the use of variables, whose introduction by Aristotle has been celebrated all over logical tradition. An analysis of the distinctive and internal features in this procedure will allow us to link Aristotle’s logos research and the “being qua being” investigation, and to determine also - though in a negative way - the connection between this reading and the logical-traditional one on Aristotle’s Organon.
2
Llovet Abascal, José María. "¿Se puede considerar formal la lógica de Aristóteles?" Daímon, no. 82 (January 1, 2021): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/daimon.344561.
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En este trabajo planteo la pregunta de si la lógica de Aristóteles es o no una lógica formal. Respondo que, aunque las doctrinas contenidas en el Organon inauguren, efectivamente, la lógica formal, hay también buenas razones para pensar que Aristóteles no creía que la lógica fuese una disciplina que pudiera prescindir por completo del contenido. In this paper I discuss the question of whether Aristotle’s logic is a formal logic or not. I answer that, although the doctrines contained in the Organon inaugurate indeed formal logic, there are also good reasons to think that Aristotle did not believe that logic was a discipline that ought to prescind completely from content.
3
Deitz, Luc. "Francesco Patrizi da Cherso's Criticism of Aristotle's Logic Francesco Patrizi da Cherso's Criticism of Aristotle's Logic." Vivarium 45, no. 1 (2007): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853407x202539.
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AbstractFrancesco Patrizi da Cherso's Discussiones peripateticae (1581) are one of the most comprehensive analyses of the whole of Aristotelian philosophy to be published before Werner Jaeger's Aristoteles. The main thrust of the argument in the Discussiones is that whatever Aristotle had said that was true was not new, and that whatever he had said that was new was not true. The article shows how Patrizi proves this with respect to the Organon, and deals with the implications for the history af ancient philosophy in general implied by his stance.
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Sitko, Yu L. "SYSTEM OF SIGNS BY CHARLES SANDERS PEIRCE AS HIS REFLECTION OF STUDY ABOUT CATEGORIES AND PREDICABILIA: IDEAS OF THE MIDDLE AGES AND THE MODERN PERIOD." Memoirs of NovSU, no. 6 (2023): 744–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.34680/2411-7951.2023.6(51).744-759.
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The article attempts to investigate scientific background underlying the system of signs proposed by Ch.S. Peirce. The study is based on the hypothesis that Ch.S.Peirce borrowed the principle of systematisation from the Latin translation of “Organon” by Aristotle published by Julius Pacius in 1584. Having analysed this issue of “Organon” the author demonstrates that the system of categories and predicabilia by Aristotle was transformed into a diagram presenting the interconnections between categories as judgements. Along with that it is shown that Pacius calculated the systems consisting of more than five notions as elements. Moreover, it is specified that Pacius borrowed the idea of representing categories in the form of diagrams from Johann Eck. It is possible to conclude from the investigation conducted that Ch.S.Peirce’s system of signs is isomorphic to Aristotle’s system of signs in the interpretation of Pacius. The article also introduces the idea about “the direction of predication” from accidence towards gender (from right to left) and from gender towards accidence (from left to right), which opens the perspective for future comparative analysis with semasiological and onomasiological methods of studying the language.
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Dmitriev, Igor S. "The Gay Science of Francis Bacon." Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 57, no. 1 (2020): 181–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps202057114.
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The article is the study of some aspects of the methodology of scientific knowledge that F. Bacon addressed in his treatise “New Organon” (1620) and in other works in one way or another related to his work on the project of the Instauratio Magna Scientiarum. The article focuses on the following three questions: Bacon’s attitude to Aristotle’s legacy, the context of Bacon’s doctrine of idols and the reasons for the English philosopher to choose a fragmented (aphoristic) form of presentation of his ideas in the “New Organon” and in some other works. Based on an analysis of Bacon’s works related to the above project, it was shown that his statements about Aristotle and his philosophy were differentiated depending on whether the corresponding text was intended for printing or served as a working draft. In the latter case, the estimates of Aristotle by Bacon were more stringent. Baconian criticism of Aristotelianism was formed in the context of the development by the English philosopher of the doctrine of the idols of knowledge. The article shows that developing this doctrine, Bacon proceeded from the idea of mass insanity of the human race (insania publica), which has ancient roots and was shared by a number of contemporaries of F. Bacon. At the same time, the latter considered Aristotle as the creator of “a kind of art of insanity (artemque quondam insaniae componere)”. As a cure for “insania universalis”, Bacon proposed a new method (the “new organon”) of cognition, and the presentation of his ideas in the form of separate, but conceptually related aphorisms, as a way of activating the reader’s thought process.
6
Anders, John. "Problēmata Mēchanika, the Analytics, and Projectile Motion." Apeiron 46, no. 2 (2013): 106–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/apeiron-2012-0027.
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Abstract The project of this paper is to look at problēmata in the Organon, how the Mēchanika employs problēmata, what these texts can teach us about each other, and the significance of all these things for the difficulties that Aristotelian natural philosophy encounters in explaining projectile motion. My treatment of the last item will highlight a pun used in the Mēchanika and argue that it makes a serious point. The paper proceeds as follows: first I will briefly present a reading of how problēmata are understood by Aristotle in the Organon. Next I will examine how problēmata are treated in the Mēchanika. Then I will put these two views of problēmata in dialogue with each other. Lastly I will utilize this discussion to address some of the well-known difficulties associated with Aristotle’s account of projectiles, and what this might mean for Aristotelian natural philosophy as a whole.
7
Grau Torras, Sergi. "Aristotle in the Medical Works of Arnau de Vilanova (c. 1240–1311)." Early Science in Medicine 19, no. 3 (2014): 236–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733823-00193p02.
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Arnau de Vilanova, one of the most important physicians of the Latin Middle Ages, was familiar with the vast majority of Aristotle’s works that had been translated into Latin. He used a wide range of them, such as the Organon – the introductory books on logic – and the natural philosophical books, which cover a different branches of knowledge. He used Aristotle as an authority, trying to reconcile him with the field of medicine as practiced in his time. In so going, he defined a new theoretical model of medicine by the standards of natural philosophy, while continuing to emphasize the boundaries between medicine and natural philosophy. This paper represents to a first attempt to investigate the Aristotelian quotations in the medical writings of Arnau de Vilanova.
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Geudens, Christophe. "Embracing the Lusitanian Legacy." Vivarium 55, no. 4 (2017): 307–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685349-12341343.
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Abstract This article puts forward an analysis of the theory of signs contained in the Prodidagmata ad logicam Aristotelis (1627), a compendium on logic written by the Flemish philosopher and Louvain professor Laurentius Ghiffene (1594-1637). Focusing on Ghiffene’s definition and division of a sign and his account of the problem of self-reference, the author argues that Ghiffene positioned himself in the tradition of the Conimbricenses and relied extensively on their influential commentary on Aristotle’s Organon, published in 1606. The aim of the present contribution is to shed new light on the teaching of logic at Louvain during the years immediately preceding the rise of modern philosophy, an episode in the university’s history which remains almost entirely unstudied.
9
Omoloeva, А. S., and А. E. Simbirtseva. "W. Whewell: Induction and Deduction in Novum Organon Renovatum." Siberian Journal of Philosophy 20, no. 4 (2023): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2541-7517-2022-20-4-113-126.
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The paper aims to expose the induction – deduction relation within W. Whewell’s treatise «Novum Organon Renovatum». Since Aristotle’s time. induction and deduction have been interpreted as independent and even «opposite» inferences (ways of connecting premises and conclusions), but this intuition is violated in W. Whewell’s works. Based on contemporary practice of some specific natural sciences W. Whewell quite reasonably concludes that “Aristotle overlooks a step which is of far more importance to our knowledge, namely, the invention of the second extreme term” and that “induction moves upward, and deduction downwards the same stair”. Ultimately, assessing the contribution of W. Whewell to the development and consolidation of the classical image of science, it can be noted that his thesis that “deduction justifies induction” is much more in line with the instrumentalism of E. Mach and A. Poincaré than J. Mill’s inductivism.
10
Meyer, Martin F. "Die Natur des Organischen." Bochumer Philosophisches Jahrbuch für Antike und Mittelalter 13 (December 31, 2008): 32–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bpjam.13.03mey.
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The nature of the organic. On the scientific significance of Aristotelian biology. The core thesis of the paper is that the constitution of biological science begins with a conceptual innovation with far-reaching consequences with effect up to the present: by conceiving the parts of living beings as organs (that is, as tools), Aristotle laid the foundation stone for a functional explanation of animate nature. Comparative anatomy is thus transformed from a merely descriptive to an explanatory theory. The point of the discussion is above all that a functional explanation must not be confused with the sort of teleology according to which the function of an organ is understood as the cause of its existence. The first section outlines the theoretical motives that Aristotle adduces in arguing for biology (against contemporary contempt for biological research). The second step addresses the significance of the parts of animals in Aristotle’s larger collection of zoological material, the Historia animalium. The third section demonstrates how in the major explanatory work De partibus animalium the term organon takes on the status of a key methodological concept. Finally, the fourth section discusses the significance of the Aristotelian determination of the organic with respect to current discourses in natural science.