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Steinkamp, Heidi Marie. "Contribution of Genetics to Oral Microbiome Acquisition". The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1534704799373511.
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Kwok, Wing-ki Judy. "The relationship between students' self-monitoring and performance on oral tasks". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21160740.
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Sulyanto, Rosalyn. "The Natural History of Oral Bacteria Acquisition in the Developing Infant". The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1374150918.
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Qiao, Zhengwei. "Oral corrective feedback and the acquisition of Chinese rule-based verb constructions". Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1730.
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Research has focused on how the effects of different types of feedback vary as a function of the complexity of the linguistic targets and on the learning of inflectional features. However, few studies have investigated the learning of rule-based verb constructions. Grounded in the interactionist approach and usage-based theory, this study investigated the effects of corrective feedback on the acquisition of rule-based verb constructions among English-speaking learners of Chinese. Specifically, this study examined the effects of input-providing feedback and output-prompting feedback on the learning of two verb constructions. Data were drawn from 18 learners of Chinese from second-year Chinese classes in an American university. The participants were divided into two groups and took a pretest, treatment, and two posttests. Learners also filled out a questionnaire about their perception and preference of feedback types. Contrary to previous research, results indicated that both recasts and metalinguistic clues had positive effects on learners' learning of the target constructions. Moreover, learners of different proficiency preferred different types of feedback. The study results provided a categorization of verb constructions into four classes based on the rules that govern their formations and constraints that work on the constructions and identified stages learners moved through when learning verb constructions. The researcher proposed an instructional model of rule-based verb constructions. The model will help instructors recognize the stage the learners' are in and provide insight into how to help learners move to a higher stage by providing instruction, corrective feedback, and practice activities.
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Coehlo, Gwennaele. "Représentation du mot oral et acquisition de la lecture : développement normal et pathologique". Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT3028.
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Cette recherche s'intéresse au rôle des représentations phonologiques dans l'acquisition de la lecture et d'habiletés de traitement phonologique. Elle suggère que les relations entre les déficits de traitement phonologique et les difficultés dans l'acquisition du code alphabétique chez les dyslexiques devraient être considérées sous l'angle de l'organisation segmentale et prosodique des représentations phonologiques. Les résultas de quatre expériences montrent que les représentations phonologiques subissent un processus de restructuration lexicale dans le milieu de l'enfance et que les enfants manifestant des difficultés dans le traitement phonologique et la lecture disposeraient de représentations phonologiques sous spécifiées. Une étude longitudinale prédictive met en évidence le rôle prédictif de la qualité des représentations phonologiques avant l'entrée dans l'écrit dans l'acquisition d'habiletés phonologique et lexique ultérieuresThis study investigates the contribution of phonological representations to phonological processing skills and reading abilities. Its suggests that the relationship between dyslexic's phonological deficits and their reading disabilities should be considered from the perspective of the segmental and suprasegmental organisation of the underlying representations. Four experiments show that phonological representations undergo a lexical restructuration process from kindergarten through elementary grades. Moreover, children with reading and phonological processing difficulties seem to have underspecified phonological representations. A longitudinal predictive study show that complete and specified phonological representations participle to predict phonological processing and reading abilities
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Gandhi, Roma. "The Natural Acquisition of the Oral Microbiome in Childhood: A Cross-Sectional Analysis". The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1468773162.
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Ogawa, Yoshimasa. "Oral Repetition Tasks and the Acquisition of Lexical Phrases in Communicative EFL Instruction". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/136533.
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CITE/Language ArtsEd.D.
This is a mixed-methods study investigating the effects of oral repetition tasks on Japanese students' use of lexcial phrases in communicative EFL instruction. The quantitative study showed that oral repetition facilitated the students' short-term memory of target lexical phrases but it did not translate into their long-term memory or use of the phrases. The qualitative study indicated that the participants perceived interpersonal conversations and small-group discussions in English as enjoyable and useful activities.
Temple University--Theses
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Thoms, Joshua J. "Teacher-initiated talk and student oral discourse in a second language literature classroom : a sociocultural analysis". Diss., University of Iowa, 2008. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4555.
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O'Brien, de Ramirez Kathleen. "SILENT, ORAL, L1, L2, FRENCH AND ENGLISH READING THROUGH EYE MOVEMENTS AND MISCUES". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194211.
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During 24 silent and oral readings of Guy de Maupassant and Arthur C. Clarke short stories (1294 and 1516 words) by proficient multilinguals, movement of the left eye was tracked and utterances were recorded. Three hypotheses investigate universality in the reading process: reading in English is similar in reading speed, miscues, and eye movements to reading in French (chapter 4); reading in a first, or native language (L1), is similar in reading speed, miscues, and eye movements to reading in a second, or later acquired, language (L2) (chapter 5); silent reading is similar to oral reading in reading speed and eye movements (chapter 6). Hypothesis are partially confirmed; implications are drawn for teaching and research.Silent reading is consistently faster than oral reading, with a mean difference of 28.7%. Reading speed is similar in English and French, but interacts differently with language experience: L2 readers of English read 50% slower than L1 readers, while in French, L2 readers read 13% faster.Retelling scores demonstrate a slight comprehension advantage for oral reading over silent, a wider range after oral than after silent, L1 readers having a slight advantage over L2 readers, and improved scores after second readings. Proscribing rereading to increase oral accuracy may disadvantage some readers: Second oral readings in English (but not in French) produced more miscues than first oral readings. This requires further study with tightly controlled groups. Overall, English readings produced 36% more miscues than French readings.Mean fixation durations are slightly longer during silent than oral reading, and show little variation between English and French reading. Wide variation in reading speed (L1/L2, silent/oral) is not reflected in mean eye fixation durations, although language dominance show an effect in French, where fixations during L1 readings are 18.6% shorter than during L2 readings.Individual variation is a factor. Emotional affect, poetic style, construction of syntax, and attention to metaphor are all observed in this EMMA data. Future analysis of this database may look at anaphoric relations, metaphor, how texts teach; and how readers develop narrative, verb phases, syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic relations in complete textual discourse.
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Zaytseva, Victoria. "Vocabulary acquisition in study abroad and formal instruction: an investigation on oral and written lexical development". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/387120.
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The present study investigates the impact of two different consecutive learning contexts, formal instruction (FI) at home and a 3-month stay abroad (SA), on second language (L2) vocabulary acquisition in oral and written production. Data were obtained from a group of 30 Catalan/Spanish advanced learners of English before and after each learning period by means of an oral interview and a written composition. These samples were analyzed in terms of quantitative lexical proficiency measures in the domains of fluency, density, diversity, sophistication and accuracy, and through qualitative native-like selections. Baseline data from 29 native speakers of English, elicited through the same tasks, were also used for comparison purposes. Results reveal that SA is particularly beneficial for written productive vocabulary, and less so for oral, and that progress occurs especially in lexical fluency and diversity. FI, in contrast, shows a modest effect on the improvement of oral productive vocabulary and affects namely lexical sophistication. Furthermore, initial level of vocabulary knowledge is found to be a significant predictor of gains.Aquest estudi investiga l'impacte de dos contextos d'aprenentatge consecutius diferents, el de la instrucció formal al país d'origen i l'estada de 3 mesos a l'estranger, en l'adquisició de vocabulari de la segona llengua (L2) a la producció oral i escrita. Les dades s'han obtingut d'un grup de 30 estudiants bilingües català/castellà aprenents avançats d'anglès, abans i després de cada període d'aprenentatge mitjançant una entrevista oral i una redacció escrita. Aquestes mostres s'han analitzat amb mesures quatitatives de proficiència lèxica en les àrees de fluïdesa, densitat, diversitat, sofisticació i correcció, i també a través d'una anàlisi qualitativa de la idiomaticitat en la L2. Igualment, s'han recollit dades de 29 nadius d'anglès a efectes comparatius. Els resultats revelen que l'estada a l'estranger té un efecte de millora en el desenvolupament del vocabulari productiu escrit, però no tant en el vocabulari productiu oral, i afecta sobretot la fluïdesxa i diversitat lèxiques. El període d'instrucció formal, al contrari, té un efecte moderat en la millora de vocabulari productiu oral i és més notable en la sofisticació lèxica. També es troba que el nivell inicial de competència lèxica explica en gran part els guanys obtinguts.
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Charvy, Nathalie. "L'influence des pratiques langagières enseignantes sur l'acquisition de la langue orale chez les élèves entre quatre et cinq ans". Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030151.
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Nous nous sommes interrogée sur l’influence des pratiques langagières de l’enseignant sur l’appropriation de la langue orale chez des élèves entre quatre et cinq ans dans le cadre de narrations. L’objectif de notre travail est double : caractériser les interactions dans le cadre d’un échange duel maître-élève; constater, dans une visée acquisitionnelle, ce qui, de la part de l’enseignant, en termes d’offres langagières du point de vue interactionnel et syntaxique, favorise l’acquisition de la langue orale chez l’élève. Nous appuyant sur les travaux socio-interactionnistes (Vygotski, 1934, Bruner, 1983, 1991) et en acquisition du langage (Lentin, 1998, Canut, 2006), nos hypothèses sont les suivantes : une offre langagière adaptée de la part de l’enseignant -reposant sur une reformulation des énoncés de l’enfant et un langage syntaxiquement structuré qui s’inscrivent dans la zone proximale de développement de l’élève- est déterminante dans son évolution langagière. Dans le cadre de l’analyse de données qualitative, nous avons analysé à la fois de manière longitudinale et contrastive les interactions langagières entre une enseignante et trois élèves sur une année de moyenne section de maternelle. Nous avons comparé nos premiers résultats avec ceux d’une analyse identique d’interactions langagières d’un enseignant-chercheur avec deux élèves. La méthode d’analyse adoptée a consisté à la fois en une analyse des interactions en unités interactionnelles et en celle des énoncés (maître et élève) en catégories syntaxiques. A travers les deux expérimentations analysées dans une perspective comparative, nos hypothèses ont été vérifiéesWe have questioned the effect of the teacher's use of language upon the speech growth of pupils aged four and five through narration. Our research has two objectives : characterizing the linguistic interactions within the context of a one-to-one teacher-pupil exchange; making an observation of what, in the teacher's communication, in terms of interactions and syntax, foster the pupil's acquisition of oral skills. Relying on socio-interactionists (Vigotski, 1934, Bruner, 1983,1991) and language acquisition theories (Lentin, 1988, Canut, 2006), we made the following assumptions : an appropriate teacher's response, based upon rephrasing the child's utterances and a syntaxically structured model fitting in their zone of proximal development, is a determining factor in the evolution of their verbalness. In the framework of the analysis of qualitative data , we have analysed at the same time a longitudinal way and a contrastive way, the language ! interactions between a female teacher and three pupils in a nursey school class during one school year. Then we have compared our initial results with the ones of an identical analysis of language interactions between a researcher and two pupils. The methodology consisted of both an analysis of the interactions in interaction units and an analysis of the utterances (teacher and pupil ) in syntactic categories. Through the two experimentations analysed from a comparative viewpoint, our hypotheses have been confirmed
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Thomas, M'Balia B. "Girl Talk: A Dialogic Approach to Oral Narrative Storytelling Analysis in English as a Foreign Language Research". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/333461.
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Research in the fields of Applied Linguistics (AL) and Second Language Studies (SLS) has begun addressing the ways in which second and foreign language (L2) use is a "material" struggle to understand, acquire and author L2 words for one's own creative purposes - particularly in the face of ideologies about language learning and language use (Squires 2008; Suni 2014). This struggle has implications for the subjectivity, agency and ultimate acquisition and use of the target language by L2 users. This dissertation seeks to augment scholarship in this area by demonstrating how material struggle can surface in the process of data collection (a research interview). It presents an analysis of a recorded narrative of an English as a foreign language (EFL) user, who was a second year graduate student enrolled in a university in the southwest US. She was invited by the author -- a native speaker of English -- to tell an oral narrative story in English to a group with whom she met regularly. However, in positioning the EFL subject as "non-native" in the recruitment process, the author as a native speaker failed to anticipate the manner in which her request was interpellative (Althusser 1971[2001]), thus reproducing and subjecting the "non-native" to the ideology and discourses associated with that category and setting into motion a creative authoring of response to this interpellative call. In approaching the analysis from this perspective, this dissertation adopts an approach to oral narrative story analysis that is based on the Bakhtinian-inspired notion of dialogism (Bakhtin 1981, 1986). Dialogism underscores the resultant narrative as a collection of utterances poised to respond to the request to "tell a story," while simultaneously addressing the ideology and discourses associated with this request. Additionally, the analysis explores the dialogic nature of the narrative from the standpoint of "tellability" (Norrick 2005; Ochs and Capps 2001), thus highlighting aspects of the narrative that render this tale of friendship, an extramarital affair and a friend "in hatred" meaningful in the context of its telling. Guided by an interest in Bakhtinian dialogism and driven by a concern for narrative tellability, three differing, yet complimentary, analyses of the narrative are explored: 1) genre, register and vague ("vaguely gendered") language, 2) face work, framing and cooperation and 3) gossip, stance and the representation of speech and voice. These analyses likewise uncover three themes that underlie the narrative context of the tale. These themes are: the backgrounding of nativeness and foregrounding of gender, the simultaneous and ambiguous struggle for solidarity and power, and the display of personal style through moral stance in the presentation of a continuous self over time and place. The implication of this work for future research and assessment in AL and SLS is addressed.
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Doe, Timothy Jonathan. "ORAL FLUENCY DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES: A ONE-SEMESTER STUDY OF EFL STUDENTS". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/475911.
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Teaching & LearningEd.D.
The development of speaking fluency is a major goal for many EFL language learners and several researchers have proposed frameworks for fluency instruction based on theories of cognitive science. It is unclear however, whether EFL students with restricted opportunities to use English outside of language classrooms can benefit from fluency development activities. This main purpose of this study was to determine whether EFL students’ speaking fluency improved whilst participating in theoretically grounded fluency development activities. In addition, student use of formulaic language, participation in classroom activities, and repetition of previously used lexical items was examined in order to determine its relation to development in speaking fluency. 32 first-year Japanese university students from four intact discussion skills classes took part in the study, which was conducted over a period of 12 weeks. Data were collected by recording student performances in a variety of fluency development activities and interactive communicative tasks. There were four main questions investigated in this study. The first research question was focused on long-term fluency development by using multi-level modeling to determine whether gains were made in fluency measures in four 2-minute speaking monologue tests that were conducted at regular periods throughout the semester. Three in-class performance variables - the amount of repeated words, the amount of tokens spoken, and the amount of formulaic language spoken, and three individual difference variables—willingness to communicate, extraversion, and first language fluency were also examined to determine if they were related to any growth observed. The second research question looked at short-term fluency development across a time-pressured speaking activity and similarly used multi-level modeling with the same predictor variables. The third research question concerned the relationship of complexity and accuracy to the fluency measures derived from the monologue speaking tests. Finally, the fourth research question was an investigation of the relationship between the objective fluency measurements and subjective expert ratings. The results indicated that the participants made very small, but significant gains on their mean length of pause across the monologue speaking tests. While none of the predictor variables had a strong relationship with this development, post-hoc analyses suggested that other fluency measures and oral proficiency level could have covaried with this growth. There was also a small but significant improvement in the phonation/time ratio, however, none of the predictor variables appeared to covary with this development. No other significant relationships were found in the long-term fluency measures. For the short-term fluency measures, significant growth was seen across the three deliveries of the speaking activity. While several of the predictor variables, most prominently repetition and the number of tokens spoken, had a significant relationship with this growth, a closer examination revealed that the degree of covariance was extremely slight. The relationship among complexity, accuracy, and fluency also became more significantly correlated over time, suggesting that learners produced higher quality samples of language as the study progressed. Finally, the expert ratings had significant correlations with three of the five fluency measures, indicating that human raters were able to detect small differences in spoken fluency. The findings of this study show that fluency can develop in instructed foreign language settings, however, the role of practice and repetition might be more complex than has been suggested in the research literature. This study provides some insight into that complexity and suggests a number of directions that can be followed to understand more about fluency development.
Temple University--Theses
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Lorenzo, Rossello Cristina de. "Les relations temporo-aspectuelles dans le récit oral en français et en castillan, langues premières et langues étrangères : étude transversale du stade ultime de l'acquisition d'une langue étrangère". Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100099.
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Yuen, Cheung-oi Gary. "Secondary students' English language learning beliefs and oral proficiency : a Hong Kong case study /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?
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Nakakubo, Takako. "The effects of planning on second language oral performance in Japanese: processes and production". Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1038.
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For over two decades, studies on task planning and its role in second language learners' oral performance have shown that the opportunity to plan for a task generally improves learners' speech (Ellis, 2005). It has been hypothesized that the opportunity to plan for a task reduces cognitive load during language processing, thus allowing learners to attend to various aspects of language, and that this enhanced attention, in turn, results in more successful task performance. However, one limitation to this task planning research to date it that most studies have examined the effects of planning before task performance, while largely ignoring the effects of planning that occur during task performance (Yuan & Ellis, 2003). Another limitation in planning research is that findings have been based exclusively on external observation and measurement of learners' oral production; we know little about what strategies learners use that may result in higher-quality speech.
The participants in this study were intermediate and high-intermediate learners of Japanese. They were divided into experimental groups and performed a narrative task under different task conditions. Participants received a set of pictures and were asked to retell the story in Japanese. To examine the effects of planning on task performance, fluency, complexity, and accuracy in the participants' speech were analyzed. For the analysis of planning strategies, retrospective interviews were given to a group of participants from each planning group immediately after the task performance.
The results revealed that there were no significant differences in participants' oral production across planning conditions, except in the area of lexical complexity (participants without a pre-task planning opportunity produced narrative stories with a greater variety of vocabulary than those who planned before the task). A trade-off effect between lexical complexity and accuracy was found when participants planned either before or during the task. Another trade-off effect was found between lexical complexity and fluency for the participants with on-line planning only. The analyses of strategy use showed that second language learners generally selected similar strategies regardless of planning conditions. These results provided important pedagogical implications and suggested useful future research directions.
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Chau, Hiu-wai, i 周曉慧. "Scaffolding students' oral presentation performance in junior ESL classroom". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/b44383629.
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Wang, Yuping, i n/a. "An Inquiry Into Oral-Visual Interaction Via Internet-Based Desktop Videoconferencing for Language Acquisition at a Distance". Griffith University. Griffith Business School, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070215.132816.
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The research contained in this thesis involves three interdisciplinary dimensions: Distance Language Education (DLE) as the context of the research, videoconferencing as the technology, and the provision of oral and visual interaction in DLE as the core research problem. Though DLE is increasingly gaining importance at the start of 21st century, the inadequate provision of real-time oral-visual interaction still remains a major deficiency. To be more precise, DLE is still producing language learners who cannot speak the target language. I have outlined the urgency in solving this problem (Wang, 2004a), and it is precisely this urgency that grounds this research. This thesis therefore aims to answer the following central research question: in what ways is oral-visual interaction via videoconferencing able to facilitate L2 acquisition at a distance? In the course of answering the central research question, the following subsidiary questions are closely investigated: 1. What are the needs of distance learners in terms of L2 acquisition? 2. What are the benefits and limitations of videoconferencing-supported oral and visual interaction in the process of L2 acquisition? 3. What are the implications and potential of such interaction for L2 acquisition in distance mode? This thesis is set against a background of research on the importance of interaction in second language (L2) acquisition and the capabilities of Computer Mediated Communication (CMC). Interaction has been regarded as an integral part of communicative language learning, which promotes L2 acquisition (see Gass, 2003; Hall, 1995; Kitade, 2000; Lantolf, 1994; Mitchell & Myles, 1998; Ohta, 1995; Swain & Lapkin,1995). However, the preliminary study in this research established that, in the context of DLE, this interactive dimension has been inadequately provided, and that distance language learners do need an improved platform for L2 acquisition, especially in terms of acquiring speaking skills. The distance factor in distance language education calls for the employment of technology as a medium to provide an interactive platform for oral and visual interaction. Thus, the empirical dimension of this research, involving the participation of both on-campus and distance language learners, witnesses a two-stage evaluation of a particular Internet-based desktop videoconferencing tool, NetMeeting. In this evaluation, NetMeeting was used to conduct videoconferencing sessions, in which the teacher and participants could see and hear each other during the completion of meaning-based tasks. A great deal of original data was collected from the qualitative evaluation in regard to the benefits and limitations of videoconferencing-supported oral and visual interaction in the process of L2 acquisition in distance mode. This evaluation is approached from two aspects: the technological capabilities and pedagogical values of videoconferencing. Recommendations on the use of videoconferencing and videoconferencing task designs are proposed on the basis of the research findings. These recommendations are highly significant for practitioners in this field. Following Murray (1999), a combination of data collection methods was employed in an attempt to effectively explore the scope and depth of the participants' learning experience through videoconferencing. These methods include pre- and post-trial written surveys, in-depth post-session and post-trial interviews, videotaped videoconferencing sessions and the researcher's personal observation. Qualitative data analysis methods were adopted. Particularly important is the use of Varonis and Gass's (1985) model for analysing the negotiation routines during meaning-based task completion. The contributions of this research are manifold. Theoretically, the research updates key definitions in DLE and CMC in keeping with recent developments in each respective field. In so doing, this thesis puts forward a theory of an emerging fourth generation DLE with synchronous oral-visual interaction as its defining feature (Wang & Sun, 2001), and also proposes a new taxonomy in CMC (Wang, 2004). Both theories categorize more precisely the different roles played by different technologies and their implications for different learner goals. Empirically, this research first develops criteria for selecting appropriate videoconferencing tools (Wang & Sun, 2001) and criteria for evaluating the appropriateness of videoconferencing tasks. These two sets of criteria were then applied in the two-stage evaluation of NetMeeting, yielding useful data (Wang, 2004a; Wang, 2004b). This research also contributes to our understanding of videoconferencing task design and performance principles. The significant findings from this research confirm that Internet-based desktop videoconferencing is capable of supporting oral-visual interaction in DLE and leads to significant improvements in L2 acquisition. Most importantly, this study informs future research into the nature of oral-visual interaction enabled by videoconferencing by demonstrating how and in what ways such interaction facilitates L2 acquisition. The rapid development of computer technology makes publishing the contributions of this study an ongoing part of this research, in order to maintain the originality of this study. Some of the findings have been published in top-ranking international journals (see Wang and Sun, 2001; Wang, 2004a; Wang, 2004b). This study addresses a real and urgent need in distance language learning - the provision of oral-visual interaction. Findings from this research shed light on many issues untreated in the literature and in the practices of DLE. They also point to possible future trends in the globalisation of education because the effects of the pedagogical distance between the learner and education provider may be neutralized, or at least, minimized, through the use of CMC.
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Willett, Ann Wilkinson Silvern Steven B. "The effect of text illustrations on young children's vocabulary acquisition and construction of meaning during storybook read alouds". Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Fall/Dissertations/WILLETT_ANN_36.pdf.
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Kwok, Wing-ki Judy, i 郭詠琪. "The relationship between students' self-monitoring and performance on oral tasks". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31945053.
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Lawrence, Constance Diane. "English oral language usage of caregivers in selected orphanages of eastern India a phenomenological study /". Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2008p/lawrence.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008.Additional advisors: Lois Christensen, Lynn Kirkland, Maryann Manning, Lou Anne Worthington. Description based on contents viewed Feb. 9, 2009; title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 106-113).
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Liu, Wen-chung, i res cand@acu edu au. "Memorization and Improvisation: a Comparison of Two Strategies in the Oral Acquisition of English as a Second Language". Australian Catholic University. School of Education, 2006. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp124.25102006.
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The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of two teaching strategies, memorization and improvisation, on ESL (English as a second language) students’ oral proficiency and how they perceived the strategies and the activities used in the classroom. Participants were 16-year-old nursing students in a Taiwan medical college. They had learned English for at least three and a half years before joining the study, but most of their previous learning was focused on reading and writing. They were divided into three groups, experiencing a memorization strategy, an improvisation strategy, and a strategy combining memorization and improvisation respectively. Data were collected from their oral pre-test and post-test, perception questionnaire, perception interview, college-wide satisfaction survey and in-class observation. Data were analysed in both quantitative and qualitative ways. The results showed that each of the strategies had significant positive effects on students’ oral acquisition, but the improvisation group performed significantly better than the memorization group, and the memorization group did better than the combination group. However, the satisfaction and perception surveys showed that participants preferred the combination strategy to the improvisation strategy, and the improvisation strategy was preferred to the memorization strategy. The finding also showed that participants’ initial oral language levels made no difference on the rate of oral improvement. The high-level and intermediate students demonstrated no difference in their preference for the two strategies, but the low-level students showed significant preference for the memorization strategy. In terms of the teaching activities, participants preferred task-based activities to discussion activities, and activities involving multiple people were preferred to monologues such as storytelling and news reports. Nevertheless, preference made no difference on participants’ oral improvement. Based upon the insight gained from this study, pedagogical implications and for teaching oral language were developed and suggestions for future research have been recommended.
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Ewing, Kathy S. "The effects of oral reading on the intonation and past tense verb use of adult non-native speakers of English /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7846.
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Ojwaya, Jael A. "Effects of Repeated Reading and Sequential Reading on Oral Reading Fluency and Sight Word Knowledge". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1218721752.
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Mahfoud, Khadija. "Rôle de l'interaction enseignant-enfant sur le développement langagier de l'enfant âgé de 5 ans". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20015.
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Les interactions avec les parents jouent un rôle formateur dans le développement et l’apprentissage du langage chez le jeune enfant. En effet, la quantité et le style de langage utilisés par les parents influencent la qualité de l’interaction et par là même la façon dont le langage de leur enfant évolue (Gallaway et Richards, 1999). Toutefois, cette évolution diffère selon les classes sociales et ce dès leur plus jeune âge (avant l’entrée à l’école élémentaire). D’un côté, les enfants de classe favorisée présentent une grande diversité lexicale car ils sont exposés à un discours riche en informations relatives à diverses situations. En revanche, les enfants, issus de classe défavorisée, présentent un retard en ce qui concerne les aptitudes langagières (Hoff, 2003 ; Feldman et al., 2000), car ils sont confrontés à des modèles d’apprentissages moins élaborés. En effet, les années préscolaires sont primordiales pour le développement lexical du jeune enfant d’autant plus, qu’à l’âge de 5 ans, il se prépare à entrer à l’école élémentaire. Il est donc nécessaire d’étudier l’influence de l’environnement scolaire et notamment l’interaction enseignant-enfant sur les performances verbales des enfants dans le but de leur garantir une meilleure intégration scolaire ensuite. Notre intérêt dans cette étude porte donc sur le rôle de l’école maternelle dont l’objectif majeur est la maîtrise du langage oral. Il apparaît opportun de prendre en compte, dans le cadre des apprentissages scolaires, les difficultés ainsi que les compétences de l’enfant pour l’aider à progresser (Florin, 2002). Notre recherche, réalisée auprès d’une population composée de 131 enfants âgés de 5 ans et de leurs 8 enseignantes, vise à comprendre si l’interaction enseignant-enfant a un impact sur les performances verbales des enfants et si cette interaction contribue à réduire les écarts de performances verbales langagières entre les enfants issus de classes sociales favorisée et défavoriséeInteractions between the parents and the child have positive effects on the development and language learning amongst young children. The quality of interaction with the child is based on the amount and the quantity of the language style used by parents when addressing the child; which seems very important on language development (Gallaway et Richards, 1999).Children stemming from a privileged social class exhibit high lexical diversity. They are exposed to rich discourse information on various situations. Meanwhile, children from a disadvantaged social class are confronted-even before going to school-to different learning models and display a delay regarding language skills compared to their peers (Hoff, 2003 ; Feldman et al., 2000), even though the preschool years are important in the child lexical development. At age 5, the child is getting ready for elementary school, hence the importance of taking into account the influence of school environment, especially the interaction with the teacher on children verbal performance in order to ensure better school integration later.Our interest in this study focuses on the school environment whose major goal is to promote language proficiency, as it is a perquisite for school success. Hence, it seems appropriate to consider, in the context of school learning, the difficulty and the child’s skills in order to help them to progress (Florin, 2002). The main goal of our study, conducted among 131 5-year-old children and their eight teachers, is to underlie the importance of the school environment and particularly the interaction with the teacher on the development of the vocabulary at the preschooler age. Our goal is to determine if the teacher-child interaction has a positive impact on the child's verbal performance, and whether this interaction helps to reduce the gap on verbal achievement between children stemming from privileged and disadvantaged social classes
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Bourdin, Béatrice. "Coût cognitif de la production verbale : étude comparative oral/écrit chez l'enfant et l'adulte". Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOL024.
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L'objectif de ce travail est d'évaluer dans une perspective développementale et cognitive le coût cognitif des processus de bas niveau relatifs à la production écrite (e. G. , orthographe, graphie). Il s'agit de montrer que ces processus imposent une charge importante en mémoire de travail qui retentit vraisemblablement, et cela d'autant plus que les sujets sont moins experts, sur la gestion et la qualité de la production écrite. En effet, les activités spécifiques de l'écrit, supposées automatisées chez l'adulte, consommeraient peu de ressources cognitives. En revanche, chez les enfants, ces activités ne seraient pas totalement automatisées et présenteraient un certain cout cognitif. Or, nous postulons que toutes les activités impliquées en production puisent dans une même réserve de ressources cognitives à capacité limitée. En conséquence, si les activités spécifiques de l'écrit augmentent la charge en mémoire de travail, elles devraient limiter les ressources affectées aux activités de plus haut niveau (i. E. , planifications conceptuelle et linguistique). Dans cette perspective, une première série d'expériences a été conduite à partir d'une épreuve de rappel sériel censée simuler la réalisation soit graphique (rappel écrit) soit phonétique (rappel oral) d'un message pré-planifié. Il s'agissait de vérifier que, au moins chez les enfants, la production d'un rappel écrit entraine une chute des performances par rapport à celle d'un rappel oral. Ces expériences ont montré que la modalité écrite augmentait chez les enfants (7 et 9 ans), mais pas chez les adultes, le cout cognitif de la production d'une séquence langagière. Cet accroissement de la charge s'est traduit par une chute des performances à l'écrit. Le cout attentionnel associé à l'activité graphométrie et à l'orthographe rend compte, au moins en partie, de ces résultats. Le coût cognitif de l'écrit a été généralise dans une deuxième série d'expériences à un matériel plus élaboré comme les phrases et les textesThis work was aimed at showing, in a developmental and cognitive perspective, the cognitive cost of low-level processes involved in written production (e. G. , spelling, handwriting). Our hypothesis was that these processes increase the working memory load. Such a load would have an impact on the management and quality of written production. This would be all the more true as the subjects are novices. Indeed, the activities specific to writing are assumed to be automated in adults. Consequently, they would consume few cognitive resources. By contrast, in children, these activities would not be yet automated and would be cognitively costly. Thus, we postulated that all the activities involved in production draw on a single limited pool of cognitive resources. Consequently, if the activities specific to writing increase the working memory load, thus they should limit the resources allocated to higher level activities (i. E. , conceptual and linguistic planning). In this perspective, a first series of experiments was conducted from a serial recall paradigm which was assumed to simulate either the graphic (written recall) or phonetic (oral recall) execution of a pre-planned "message". These experiments were designed to show that, at least in children, the written recall leads in a drop in performance with respect to oral recall performance. These experiments showed that the written mode increased the cognitive cost of the production of a language sequence in children (7 and 9 years) but not in adults. This increase of the load resulted in a drop in performance in the written mode. Handwriting and spelling explained, at least partially, these results. The cognitive cost of the written mode was extended in a second series of experiments to situation in which the material was more highly structured, such as in sentence and text production
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Könönen, Eija. "Oral gram-negative anaerobic microflora in young children composition, development and acquisition as assessed by pheno- and genotypic characterization /". Helsinki : University of Dentistry, Dept. of Periodontology, 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/31119002.html.
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Doble, Maree. "Development of oral communication in infants with a profound hearing loss pre- and post-cochlear implantation /". Connect to full text, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1220.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2006.Title from title screen (viewed 19 Dec. 2006). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Health Sciences. Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print.
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Stridfeldt, Monika. "La perception du français oral par des apprenants suédois". Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Modern Languages, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-524.
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Swedish learners of French often experience large difficulties in understanding spoken French. Words that the learners know very well when written or when pronounced separately are often hard to recognize in the speech flow. The aim of this study is to examine Swedish learners’ perception of French speech in order to identify the problems.
The thesis consists of two parts. The first part provides an introduction to the perception of a second language. It also describes the phonological structures of Swedish and French and gives an overview of studies of the perception of spoken French.
The second part of the thesis contains a presentation and an analysis of four perception experiments conducted with Swedish learners of French. The results show that the learners often confuse phonological contrasts that do not exist in Swedish. It is furthermore found that the phonological processes of schwa deletion, liaison, enchaînement and voicing assimilation contribute to the perception problems. However, although liaison may complicate word recognition the results indicate that the so-called potential liaison does so to an even greater extent. In a listening test using nonsense words, the learners seem actually to expect liaison when perceiving a word that can be linked to a following nonsense word. In fact, sequences like un navas and un avas are both perceived as un avas. Paradoxically, liaison thus seems to be most problematic when it does not occur.
As to schwa deletion, the results show that word recognition is delayed when the schwa in the first syllable is deleted, as in la s’maine. In addition, the learners make a large number of errors due to schwa deletion. This phonological process sometimes completely prevents word recognition, especially when combined with a voicing assimilation. Schwa deletion thus seems to strongly complicate Swedish learners’ word recognition in spoken French.
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Norwood, Annette L. "The acquisition of Spanish through videoconferencing and video-based lessons by individual fifth-graders". [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001530.
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Ferm, Lange Camilla. "Corrective Feedback During Communicative Activities : A study of recasts as a feedback method to correct spoken English". Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Education, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-4562.
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The aim of this paper is to investigate the amount of feedback given in language-focused exchanges and communicative exchanges. I also investigated if recasting is the feedback method most frequently used in communicative activities. Errors are natural parts of learning and cannot be avoided. However, corrective feedback is very important because fossilization can occur if students are not aware of their errors. Several different types of corrective feedback can be used to correct the students’ speech, but the most subtle one is recasts. Studies show that recasting is the method most common in communicative exchanges in the classroom. I have observed three different classes, at different levels of the Swedish school system, and also interviewed the teachers. It was shown that feedback was more frequently provided during the language-focused exchanges. It was also shown that two of the teachers were very reluctant to provide their students corrective feedback during communicative activities. All three teachers agreed that recasting is the best method to use for correcting the students’ speech because it does not interrupt the communication and does not inhibit the students. Communicating with students about feedback is something that I believe could help and facilitate some of the issues about giving corrective feedback. I believe that clarification requests and other types of feedback could be used more frequently without damaging the students’ self-confidence if there is a dialogue between the teacher and the students.
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Ali, Yasmin, i Maja Säberg. "Fostering Students’ Oral Communication Skills in the Second Language Classroom : Främja elevers muntliga kommunikationsförmågor i andraspråksklassrummet". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för språk och litteratur, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-139463.
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This thesis was carried out with data collected from a school in the south of India and written by two students becoming teachers of English. The aim of this thesis is to find out how a teacher can foster and develop student’s oral communication skills so that they have the ability, willingness and confidence to speak English. The thesis is based upon the following research questions: What factors, according to the students and teachers, are important for developing and fostering oral communication skills? What speaking activities did the students and teacher find important for developing and fostering oral communication skills? The main findings of this study showed that the teachers found a comfortable environment, expansion of vocabulary, letting students choose their own topics and importance of good communication skills important when fostering students’ oral communication skills. The students in this study expressed that choosing topics and feeling comfortable in natural communicative situations was important for the development of their oral communication skills: This study, as well as previous studies, found that a teacher can in fact help students increase both their motivation and confidence by planning lessons revolving around topics that are of interest to students, as well as give them the scope to choose their own topics when practicing oral communication activities. Furthermore, the result for the second research question showed that there were several speaking activities that the teachers and students found important for developing and fostering oral communication skills. Some of these were everyday activities which increased their vocabulary, carrying out speeches that allowed the students to choose topics and role-play, such as debates.
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Lin, Chien-Fang. "Promoting oral fluency for English learners using differentiated corrective feedback". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2921.
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The purpose of this project is to address the need from helping English learners to improve their oral expression. The research mainly focuses on oral expression stategies with which students can overcome their fear of speaking in public and be better understood in society. Sample curriculum/lesson plans included.
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Westerberg, Josefine. "Corrective Feedback in Oral EFL Learning Environments : A Study on Swedish Teachers’ Awareness of Corrective Feedback Strategies and Effects". Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Pedagogiskt arbete, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-35511.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate four Swedish upper secondary teachers' reasoning about their own corrective feedback strategies in oral EFL learning environments, and how their reasoning correlated to previous research in the subject.The research was carried out by using the qualitative method of interviewing aselection of teachers. Four teachers of English as a foreign language from one Swedish upper secondary school participated in semi-structured pair-interviews.The study found that the participating teachers’ perceptions and use of corrective feedback corresponds to a large extent with the findings of previous research, saying that teachers in various contexts prefer more implicit means of corrective feedback,but that they would adapt their strategies depending on the learner, error type, and the focus of the lesson. The result also suggested that although the teachersreportedly make conscious choices when selecting a corrective feedback strategy, they sometimes have to choose between using a strategy that promotes learning orusing a strategy that will cause the least amount of inconvenience for the learner.The conclusion was made that the teachers of the study are aware of their own corrective feedback strategies to some extent, which also corresponds with the results of previous research, but that their awareness is not always sufficient, and their strategies might not be as effective as the teachers think.
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To, Lai-ming Helen, i 杜麗明. "Linguistics self confidence and oral task performance of English as second language learners in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/192986.
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This research aims at investigating the relationships between linguistics self confidence, achievements and performance and giving new pedagogical insights to the educators concerning language learning motivation by implementing a combination of task-based research and Complexity, Accuracy and Fluency (CAF) performance evaluation model. Six English as Second Language (ESL) learners were invited to participate in an oral task and complete a self confidence evaluation questionnaire. Their performance, based on the CAF framework, was then compared and contrasted according to their confidence level. It was found that the higher confident students are more accurate in their speech production, and are also better at communicative and discussion skills. However, neither did they demonstrate a large amount of talk as in some past literature, nor did they display a very complex language. They instead articulated more false starts and made more repetitions as they self-corrected their utterances during the task. Compared to the lower-confident group, these learners surprisingly contribute fewer arguments, particularly counter-arguments such as rebuttals. These behaviors were explained by Foster and Skehan’s attention theory and Levelt’s prioritization in production. In addition, the inter-dependent relationships between linguistics self confidence, achievements and performance are proposed. Finally, Dörnyei’s L2 Motivational Self System is especially addressed, as it seems applicable in solving the research findings that there is a discrepancy between the L2 ideal self and actual self of these ESL learners.published_or_final_version
Linguistics
Master
Master of Arts
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Vincent, Erin. "EFFECTS OF REPEATED READING AND SEQUENTIAL READING ON FLUNECY AND WORD ACQUISTION". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1245336955.
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Mntambo, Nomawabo. "A case study of oral linguistic error-treatment in second language classrooms where English is the medium of instruction". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003320.
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One of the issues that have been debated at length in second language acquisition research circles is that of error-feedback and its desirability. Although there is as yet no conclusive evidence concerning its effectiveness in contributing towards the acquisition of a second language, a number of studies that have been conducted bear evidence to its desirability in L2 classrooms. This research then, was concerned with the way teachers of content subjects reacted to their learners' linguistically erroneous responses during oral interaction in their classes. The participants were four teachers who, with their pupils, are second language speakers of English . Three of these were content subject teachers while the fourth one teaches English. The data was collected from a class of Std 5 pupils in a rural school in the Eastern Cape where the lessons of these teachers were observed and audio-taped. Subsequently some of them were transcribed and analysed. The analysis of the data revealed that teachers in content subject classes, who teach through the medium of English showed more concern for content than for linguistic errors despite the fact that they are expected to extend the pupils' chances of second language acquisition.
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Vincent, Erin Ann. "Effects of repeated reading and sequential reading on flunecy and word acquistion". Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1245336955.
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Hurburun, Anita L. Jibodh. "An exploratory study aimed to determine the efficacy of an assessment battery designed to examine oral English language acquisition in refugee and migrant children". Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/436.
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The process of migration has resulted in population growth and contributed to the transformation of New Zealand. Migrant and refugee children face many adjustment factors and their ease in resettling in New Zealand is largely dependent on their ability to learn English. Migration stress, change, trauma and loss may result in psychological difficulties which in turn may affect their resettling and learning. The Ministry of Education and other professionals work together to enhance the quality of their service provision to facilitate easier adjustment, resettlement and effective learning for these children. An adequate assessment battery for speech language therapists to assess migrant and refugee children, is presently lacking in New Zealand. Therapists currently use various assessments, with the assistance of interpreters. The New Zealand Speech Therapists’ Association (NZSTA), in accordance with speech therapists in Group Special Education (GSE), strongly supports the need for research with these groups and the development of an appropriate assessment battery. This exploratory study aimed to determine an assessment battery for use in examining English language acquisition in refugee and migrant children and to highlight the benefit of using measurement tools that determine incremental change over time in contrast to the use of monolingual psychometric tests. The study explored a selected assessment battery and gathered data in five main focus areas, namely: cognition, language, trauma, classroom behaviour, developmental and birth information. Eligible children were those who did not have physiologically - impaired cognitive abilities. Eight cases, four refugee and four migrant students, were selected by convenience sampling. All participants were children selected from primary school 1 (three refugees and three migrants) and primary school 2 (one refugee and one migrant) primary schools, aged approximately (5-8 years). Participants included four male and four females, refugee and migrant children, and those with both high and low English ability. Based on the study’s results, recommendations were made to refine the test battery, which included test modification. For example, the use of the trauma measurement tool only if there is prior evidence of trauma, the inclusion of a larger test population who have a common primary language to allow for cost effective interpreter use and to also allow for generalisations to be made, the inclusion of an assessment of the children’s primary language in order to determine the relationship, development and acquisition of the child’s second language with reference to his/her development and skills in his native language. All of the refugee children and 3 migrant children displayed slower processing time during the administration of the tests. Migrant parents were quicker in test completion as compared to refugee parents. They displayed differences in family size, contact with extended family, socioeconomic status and educational level. Migrant children produced sentences that included correct word order and sequence whilst refugee children produced sentences that lacked adequate word order or lacked articles and determiners. The study found the proposed test battery was an effective choice for use in the assessment of both migrant and refugee children, as the battery allows for dynamic assessment of children from diverse groups and this proved to be an unbiased means of assessing their English language and cognitive skills. Recommendations are made for future, more-extensive research. These findings provide information about appropriate and reliable language acquisition tests that measure incremental change with time. This study will contribute to a developing knowledge base for speech-language therapists who work with migrant or refugee children. Effective assessment on which to base tailored language programmes will assist them to optimise their experience in New Zealand schools and enhance their English language skills.
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Picpican-Bell, Anne. "Developing oral proficiency through poem recitation in elementary English as a second language". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2932.
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阮章凱 i Cheung-oi Gary Yuen. "Secondary students' English language learning beliefs and oral proficiency: a Hong Kong case study". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31963304.
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Chabanal, Damien. "Un aspect de l'acquisition du français oral : la variation socio-phonétique chez l'enfant francophone". Montpellier 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON30078.
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Cette recherche a pour objet de suivre le jeune locuteur francophone au cours de ses acquisitions phonologiques tardives. Afin de mieux comprendre le développement de l'activité phonologique, nos travaux ont porté sur l'apprentissage de la liaison et des liquides à partir d'une étude longitudinale (deux enfants issus de milieux sociaux très contrastés et enregistrés de 40 à 50 mois) et d'un point de comparaison transversal (24 enfants âgés de 8 ans originaires également de milieux sociaux différents). Une grande attention a été prêtée à la variation présente dans les différents corpus. L'observation de formes variantes suggère que l'acquisition est un processus complexe reposant sur divers types de contraintes : articulatoires, sociales, cognitives. En effet, d'une part on a pu observer que la variation était plus manifeste pour la production de phonèmes plus complexes sur le plan articulatoire. D'autre part, les enfants bénéficiant d'un bain linguistique plus favorable se sont montrés plus en adéquation avec la norme orale. Enfin, d'un point de vue cognitif, il semblerait que seule la mémoire soit au départ au centre des apprentissages (acquisition de type lexicale). Nous avons également souscris à l'hypothèse selon laquelle l'enfant serait sensible aux régularités statistiques du langage à partir du contact avec sa langue. Au-delà de la description précise de la variation phonétique chez le jeune sujet francophone et des différents facteurs qui la conditionne, cette étude a aussi permis de confirmer l'importance d'une pratique capitale pour les recherches en acquisition du langage : axer la recherche sur les différentes facettes du sujet en développement en favorisant une approche interdisciplinaireThe aim of this work is to follow the late phonological acquisition of the young Francophone. In order better to understand phonological development, our work focuses on the acquisition of liaison and liquids via a longitudinal study (two children from very different social backgrounds, recorded at 40 and 50 months) and, by way of a longitudinal comparison, 24 children aged 8, also from different social backgrounds. A great deal of attention has be paid to the variation found in the different corpora. The observation of variable forms suggests that acquisition is a complex process, grounded in various types of constraint: articulatory, social and cognitive. Because of this, we were able to observe, on the one hand, that there was more variation for the production of phonemes which are more complex in articulatory terms. On the other hand, children benefiting from a more favourable linguistic environment were seen to reach a more adequate level of competence with respect to the ‘Standard French' norm. From a cognitive point of view, it would seem that only memory is, at the beginning, at the centre of lexical acquisition. We also subscribe to the hypothesis according to which the child is sensitive to the statistical regularities of the ambient language. In addition to the precise description of phonetic variation in the speech of the young French child and the different factors which condition it, this study has also allowed us to confirm the importance of a significant practical factor for researchers in the field of language acquisition: to focus one's research on the various facets of the speaker's development, favourising an interdisciplinary approach
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Collart, Dutilleul-Guerroudj Élise. "Catégorisation linguistique et surdité de l'enfant. Comment l'enfant sourd construit du sens dans le langage oral". Montpellier 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON30019.
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Parce que la surdité prélinguale a des répercussions importantes sur le développement du langage oral chez l'enfant, nous interrogeons la problématique suivante: est-ce que des critères particuliers, et si oui de quelle nature, interviennent dans le processus de catégorisation linguistique chez les enfants sourds? Nous proposons une synthèse de travaux sur la catégorisation, notamment sur son acquisition. Nous abordons alors la notion de construction du sens selon l'approche praxématique. Ceci nous permet d'avancer que, les praxis perceptive, manipulative, sociale et linguistique étant au fondement de la construction du sens, il est tout à fait envisageable que chez les enfants sourds, le sens construit soit différent, les praxis étant modifiées. Nous analysons enfin un corpus constitué d'une évaluation sémantique, menée auprès d'enfants sourds profonds appareillés, sourds implantés et d'enfants entendants. Nous mettons en évidence que les catégorisations linguistiques sont plus restreintes chez les enfants sourds, la représentation prototypique jouant un rôle-clé dans leur organisation. La structuration sémantique des catégories linguistiques fait également apparaître certaines spécificités révélant un " point de vue sourd " inscrit dans le langage oralSince prelingual deafness has important impacts on the development of a child's oral language, the potential existence and nature of specific criteria, as regards deaf children's linguistic categorization, is studied. We synthesise various works on categorization, in particular on the acquisition process of categorization. We then discuss the construction of meaning according to the praxematic approach. Perceptive, manipulative, social and linguistic praxis being at the root of the construction of meaning, it is possible that the meaning constructed by deaf children be different, since their praxis are modified. We finally analyse a corpus consisting of a semantic evaluation undertaken with deaf children with a hearing aid, deaf children with a cochlear implant, and hearing children. We show that linguistic categorizations are narrower with deaf children, as prototypical representation plays an important role in their organisation. The semantic structure of linguistic categories also shows specific “deaf points of view” in the oral language of deaf children
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Samuelfolk, Hugues. "The promotion of Swedish L2 students’ oral proficiency". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-72842.
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The purpose of this study has been to examine how Swedish teachers of English encourage the development of students’ oral proficiency in the English language. By interviewing six Swedish teachers of English at upper secondary school, the study addresses which methods are mostly used by the teachers in order to encourage the improvement of students’ oral proficiency. The results of the study indicate that all the teachers tried in different manners to encourage students’ self-confidence, which would help them develop their oral proficiency. Furthermore, it was possible to conclude that the teachers shared the notion that insecurity is detrimental to the development of students’ oral proficiency. Another method that was used by the teachers was allowing students to work in either pair or groups. Even though most teachers used this method, they did point out different things that were important to think about in terms of group work. For the teachers, it was important that the students had fun during oral exercises, and thus, most teachers used different games when conducting oral activities in order to inspire a more relaxed or comfortable environment. The last concept that the teachers talked about was the usage of the target language in the classroom. Here the teachers’ ideas were not in alignment with each other. Some thought that it was good to force the students to use the target language throughout the lessons when communicating, whereas others only believed that students had to communicate orally in the target language during speaking activities. If students were insecure, it did not, according to these teachers, help the students to force them to speak English throughout the lessons. Most of the concepts that were introduced by the teachers were similar to those found in previous studies on Swedish teachers of English. Furthermore, the results of this paper could also be tied to previous research concerning oral development for L2 learners.Syftet med denna studie har varit att studera hur svenska engelskalärare främjar utvecklingen av elevers muntliga färdigheter i engelska. Genom att intervjua sex svenska engelskalärare på gymnasieskolan undersöker studien vilka metoder som används mest av lärarna för att utveckla elevernas muntliga färdigheter. Resultaten av studien visar att de flesta lärare som intervjuades på olika sätt uppmuntrar elevernas självförtroende, vilket i sin tur hjälper dem att utveckla deras muntliga färdighet. Tanken om att osäkerhet är skadligt för elevers utveckling av muntlig färdighet delades av alla lärare som intervjuades. En annan metod som användes av lärarna var att tillåta elever att arbeta i par eller grupper. Även om de flesta lärare använde den här metoden pekade de på olika saker som var viktiga att tänka på när det gällde grupp- och pararbeten. Nästa metod som lärarna använde berörde inspirerandet av en mer avslappnad eller bekväm miljö som möjliggör utvecklingen av elevers muntliga färdigheter. För lärarna var det viktigt att eleverna hade kul under muntliga övningar, och sålunda använde de flesta lärare olika spel när de utförde muntliga aktiviteter. Det sista konceptet som lärarna talade om var användningen av målspråket i klassrummet. Här var lärarens idéer inte i linje med varandra. Vissa trodde att det var bra att tvinga eleverna att använda målspråket under hela lektionen medan andra inte trodde det hjälpte elevernas utveckling av sitt muntliga språk. Om en student var osäker, hjälpte det inte, enligt dessa lärare, att tvinga studenten att tala engelska under lektionerna. De påpekade dock att eleverna var tvungna att under talaktiviteter och muntliga presentationer interagera på målspråket. De flesta av de koncept som lärarna introducerade liknade dem som hittades i tidigare studier om svenska engelskalärare. Dessutom kan resultaten av denna uppsats kopplas till tidigare forskning kring oral development for L2 learners.
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Perez-Bettan, Annie. "Apprentissage et utilisation du langage préfabriqué chez des apprenants de français langue étrangère". Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080082/document.
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Cette recherche s’intéresse au langage préfabriqué (LP) dans le discours oral spontané d’apprenants de français langue étrangère (FLE). Le LP, étudié en linguistique sous l’angle du figement et de la conventionalité, intéresse aussi les psycholinguistes. Omniprésent dans le discours des locuteurs natifs, il sous-entend que la maîtrise d’une langue ne passe pas seulement par l’application des règles grammaticales et la création des phrases mais également par la mémorisation et l’automatisation des bouts de langue préconstruits. Notre objectif est double : étudier l’évolution de la connaissance du LP chez des apprenants du FLE et, le rôle que le LP joue dans leur fluidité verbale. Dix-sept apprenants ont réalisé à six mois d’intervalle deux tâches narratives orales, et leurs productions ont été enregistrées et transcrites deux fois. Six locuteurs natifs ont été soumis aux mêmes tâches une fois. Le LP a été identifié selon des critères linguistiques et psycholinguistiques. La fluence des productions a été évaluée au moyen de quatre mesures. Elle a été mise en relation avec l’emploi effectif des séquences préfabriquées afin de vérifier en quel sens ces dernières améliorent le discours oral des apprenants. Ainsi, il existe des différences individuelles très marquées entres les sujets testés et il est difficile de tirer des conclusions d’ordre général. Cependant, les apprenants de niveau débutant progressent dans l’emploi qu’ils font du LP, en quantité et en qualité. Ils peuvent s’appuyer sur les SP pour produire un discours plus fluide. Elles améliorent le segment de parole (longueur et complexification) et servent de stratégies (compensation, structuration et planification)This thesis focuses on formulaic language in French as a Second Language (FSL) learners’ spontaneous spoken narratives. Formulaic language is made of multi-word units which are often perceived and used as simple lexical units. ESL studies have shown that even at advanced levels the command of formulaic language can be poor. The purpose of this thesis is twofold. First we intend to examine the evolution of formulaic language among FSL learners, and then the importance of formulaic language in learners’ fluency. Seventeen learners divided into three levels were asked over a period of six months to produce two oral narratives based on a cartoon and a silent film. Their narratives were recorded and transcribed as time 1 and time 2. The formulaic language which was found in the oral productions was identified according to linguistic and psycholinguistic criteria : phonological coherence, syntactic complexity, semantic opacity, frequence and systematicity of idiosyncratic errors and deviant items. The fluency was evaluated by means of four “classical” measurements : speech rate, length of run, rate of articulation, phonation time. Our analyses show that there are individual differences among subjects and that it is difficult to draw comprehensive conclusions. Yet, the results show a steady improvement in formulaic language among beginners, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Indeed, learners can rely on formulaic sequences to gain fluency and this in different manners. Formulaic sequences improve the speech run by making it longer and more complex. They can be used as strategies of compensation and planification of speech
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Kim, Seung Jung. "Exploring willingness to communicate (WTC) in English among Korean EFL (English as a foreign language) students in Korea WTC as a predictor of success in second language acquisition /". Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1101267838.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Document formatted into pages. Includes bibliographical references. Abstract available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2005 Nov. 24.
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Oliveira, Cristiane dos Santos. "Aquisição da escrita: as vogais médias altas e sua relação com fenômenos de produção oral". Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2017. http://guaiaca.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/4025.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
O processo de ensino/aprendizagem da ortografia é complexo e envolve, além de aspectos relacionados à fonética e à fonologia, também aqueles relacionados ao sistema ortográfico. Reconhecer as diferenças existentes entre os tipos de erros encontrados nos textos de alunos iniciantes é condição necessária para que o professor possa, de fato, auxiliar o aluno a superar os erros de grafia. A oralidade exerce forte influência na produção escrita de crianças, assim, a criança possivelmente toma como referência – para determinar que letra deve usar – aqueles sons que ela é capaz de identificar em seu padrão de pronúncia, procedendo, então, muitas vezes, a uma correspondência: som falado/letra que escreve. Este trabalho versa sobre a análise da aquisição da escrita das vogais médias altas, “e” e “o”, em posição átona. Busca-se, assim, estabelecer relação entre os erros de grafia e contextos, nos quais, na oralidade, são identificados processos como alçamento, harmonia e redução da postônica final. Na primeira etapa (análise escrita), serão analisadas produções escritas e orais de crianças do 2o, 3o, 4o e 6o anos de uma escola pública da cidade de Pelotas de um banco de dados pré-existente, intitulado PICMEL pertencente ao Laboratório Emergência da Linguagem Oral – UFPel. Já a segunda etapa (analise frequência) conta com um instrumento desenvolvido pela pesquisadora em colaboração com suas orientadoras e dados coletados pela pesquisadora, com alunos de 2º, 3º, 4º e 5º anos, também em uma escola pública de Pelotas. São os seguintes os objetivos específicos: a) descrever e analisar a relação entre as produções escritas e orais, no que concerne à ocorrência dos processos de alçamento, harmonia e redução; b) analisar a evolução da grafia das vogais médias altas no transcorrer das séries e c) demonstrar como, durante a aprendizagem, ocorrem fenômenos de supergeneralização e d) verificar o papel da frequência de tokens nos erros de escrita produzidos pelas crianças. De acordo com Miranda (2009, 2013, 2014), Adamoli (2013) e Amaral (2013), dentre outros, a aquisição da escrita ocorre em um processo de duas vias, ou seja, não só aspectos fonético-fonológicos podem interferir na aquisição da escrita como também a aquisição da escrita pode desencadear a reconstrução do sistema fonológico. Sendo assim, foi possível perceber que as crianças transferem para a escrita dos segmentos vocálicos algumas de suas características da fala. Entretanto, com o andamento do processo de educação formal, a criança percebe as diferenças existentes entre fala e escrita, diminuindo, assim, a recorrência dos fenômenos vocálicos de motivados pela oralidade, embora, em palavras pouco frequentes do seu cotidiano, a permanência dos erros de grafia ainda permaneça.
The process of teaching/learning of orthography is complex and it involves, besides aspects related to phonetics and to phonology, also those related to the orthographic system. To recognize the existing differences between the types of errors found on texts of beginner students is the necessary to provide conditions for the teacher to, in fact, aid students to overcome their spelling mistakes. Orality performs great influence on the writing production of children, therefore, the child takes as reference – to determine which letter must be used – those sounds that she/he is able to identify in her/his pronunciation standards, proceeding, hence, many times, to a correspondence: spoken sound/letter which is used for writing. This work addresses the analysis of the acquisition in the written form of the high-mid vowels “e” and “o”, on unstressed position. It was sought, thus, to establish relations between the spelling mistakes and contexts, in which, in orality, are identified as processes as raising, harmony and reduction of the final postonic position. On the first stage (analysis of the writing), there will be analyzed the written and oral productions of children from 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 6th years of a public school in the city of Pelotas from a preexisting database, called PICMEL that belongs to the Emergency Oral Language Laboratory – UFPel. The second stage (frequency analysis) counts with an instrument developed by the researcher in collaboration with the academy advisors and the data compiled by the researcher, with students from the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th years, also in a public school from Pelotas. With the following specific objectives: a) to analyze the relation between the written and oral productions, in what concerns to the occurrence of the processes of rising, harmony and reduction; b) to analyze the evolution of the students in relation to the spelling mistakes throughout the grades; c) to verify the role of frequency of tokens on the errors made and d) to contribute to a better understanding of the processes of learning of writing of the high-mid vowels in Portuguese. According to Adamoli (2013), Amaral (2013) and Miranda (2009), (2013) e (2014), among others, in a two-way process, not only the phonetic-phonological aspects might interfere on the acquisition of the writing as well on the acquisition of the writing might trigger a reconstruction of the phonological system. Therefore, it was possible to notice that the children transfer to the writing some of their speech characteristics. Nevertheless, with the development of the processes in formal education, the child grasp the differences that exist between speech and writing, however in less frequent words on their daily use, whether in speech or in writing, this process is slower.
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Chavez, Gina. "Examining the Reliability and Validity of ADEPT and CELDT: Comparing Two Assessments of Oral Language Proficiency for English Language Learners". Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2013. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/208.
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Few classroom measures of English language proficiency have been evaluated for reliability and validity. Researchers have examined the concurrent and predictive validity of an oral language test, titled A Developmental English Language Proficiency Test (ADEPT), and the relationship to the California English Language Development Test (CELDT) in the receptive/listening and expressive/speaking domains. Four years of retroactive data representing 392 student records were obtained from a local urban school district in Los Angeles County with a significant proportion of English language learners. After preparing the data file for analysis, data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) system. Cronbach’s alpha was used to analyze the internal consistency of ADEPT. Pearson r analysis was performed to examine concurrent validity and predictive validity. Findings indicated moderate to high correlation coefficients of internal consistency in the first three levels of ADEPT. Concurrent validity results varied depending on the school year. In the most recent school year, 2012–2013, positive moderate to strong correlations were found. This relationship was weaker in each previous year. Overall, correlations increased and remained positive as sample size increased but predictive validity was weak for all three sets of comparative years. These findings support the use of ADEPT as a multiple measure, as a monitoring tool and to inform instruction.
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Onguene, Mete Tony Noël. "Usages du lexique verbal chez les collégiens camerounais : d’un corpus oral d’élèves à une didactique de l’expression dans la formation des enseignants". Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100106.
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Notre thèse s’inscrit dans le domaine de l’acquisition du Français Langue de Scolarisation (FLS) et Langue Seconde (L2) en plurilinguisme. Elle s’intéresse aux usages du lexique des verbes chez les collégiens francophones, pour lesquels nous esquissons des solutions à l’enseignement-apprentissage de ce lexique. L’objectif est de comprendre quels sont les verbes mobilisés par les collégiens de L2 pour exprimer des procès à l’oral. Nous nous appuyons sur un corpus oral collecté auprès des pré-adolescents et adolescents scolarisés dans la ville Camerounaise de Yaoundé. Les données empiriques ont été réunies, traitées, transcrites et codées conformément au protocole de traitement CHILDES (Child Language Data Exchange Système). Ainsi, la commande FREQ de CLAN a mécaniquement fourni des inventaires complets de verbes avec leur fréquence respective que nous avons classé par familles sémantiques après lemmatisation. Cette procédure nous permet de dégager le potentiel communicatif le plus fondamental des jeunes que devront corriger, accroitre ou organiser les cours de vocabulaire. Nos analyses sont basées sur l’étape de la formulation, sur le niveau conceptuel et discursif. Nous interrogeons les facteurs qui influencent l’acquisition du lexique verbalWe are pondering over the acquisition of French as the language of education and as a second language in a multilingual situation. Our research study centers on the uses of verbs by French-speaking students. We propose some solutions for the teaching-learning of this vocabulary. The objective is to understand the verbs mainly used by secondary school pupils learning and speaking French as a second language. We have collected our corpus of analysis from pre-adolescents and adolescents in Yaoundé, Cameroon. These data were cross-checked, transcribed, processed, and coded in conformity with the processing protocol of CHILDES,( Child Language Data Exchange System). Hence the FREG command mechanically provided us with an exhaustive list of the verbs and the frequency at which they are used. These verbs were grouped according to their semantic contents after LEMMATIZATION (using the headword technique). This method enabled us to dig out the most fundamental communicative potential of the youngsters who will have to improve on, increase or organize vocabulary classes. Our analyses are concerned with the formulation phases, the conceptual and discursive levels. We are questioning the factors which influence the acquisition of verbal terms
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De, la Cruz Rey E. Morreau Lanny E. Lian Ming-Gon John. "The effects of creative drama on the social and oral language skills of children with learning disabilities". Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1995. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9604368.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 1995.Title from title page screen, viewed April 20, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Lanny Edward Morreau, Ming-Gon John Lian (co-chairs), Frances E. Anderson, Mack L. Bowen, Julie Brinker. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-133) and abstract. Also available in print.