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Jarry, P., R. Soares i A. Perennec. "Le logiciel FREEL : réalisations en technologie hybride et monolithique d'amplificateurs microondes large bande pour dispositif de réception numérique sur fibre optique à 4,8 Gbit/s". Revue de Physique Appliquée 24, nr 5 (1989): 529–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rphysap:01989002405052900.
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Justin, Jyothi, i Nirmala Menon. "Digital Cartography and Feminist Geocriticism Case Study II: Kilvenmani Massacre". Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization 59, nr 2 (1.06.2024): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cart-2023-0012.
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L’article explore les relations d’espace, de caste et de genre dans les massacres de Dalits en localisant les survivantes du massacre de Kilvenmani (1968) dans une optique de géocritique féministe et de cartographie numérique. L’introduction traite des recherches féministes dans le domaine des SIG pour les situer dans le contexte d’un ensemble de connaissances plus vaste. Vient ensuite une section sur le contexte du massacre de Kilvenmani et les recherches connexes. La prochaine section résume la méthodologie hybride/mixte qui combine géocritique féministe (localisant les survivantes sur les lieux de la violence) et la cartographie numérique (localisant les survivantes sur des cartes géographiques et analysant les liens). Il est aussi question des sources utilisées pour identifier les survivantes. Ces sources sont fictives (romans, films) et non fictives (documentation, articles de journaux), et ont été soigneusement examinées pour comprendre la réalité de l’expérience du massacre vécue par les femmes dalits. La prochaine section donne la représentation sur carte des survivantes, à l’aide du logiciel QGIS, avec l’analyse des données et de nouveaux résultats traitant des relations de caste, d’espace et de genre dans le massacre des Dalits. Les deux études de cas, I (sur le massacre de Marichjhapi) et II (sur le massacre de Kilvenmani), font partie d’une étude élargie qui vise à créer une archive spatiale plus vaste des survivantes de massacres choisis de Dalits en Inde indépendante.
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Bodo, Bidy Cyprien. "Des fondements transculturels du picaresque au débat terminologique : du picaresque au picarisme ?" HYBRIDA, nr 2 (28.06.2021): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/hybrida.2.20592.
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Cette étude est une réflexion sur les raisons qui fondent la transculturalité du picaresque. Elle explique pourquoi la culture et l’écriture picaresques sont en capacité d’aller de part en part des frontières littéraires et géographiques. Dans cette optique, l’analyse interroge les fondements du picaresque. Il en ressort, d’une part, que la poétique picaresque s’inspire du conte qui est une pratique culturelle et littéraire transculturelle. D’autre part, le déclencheur du picaresque, l’inégalité sociale, est également propre à l’humanité et donc transfrontalière. En conséquence, l’étude soutient que le picaresque doit (aussi) sa transculturalité au conte et à l’injustice sociale qui le fondent et qui sont, eux-mêmes, intrinsèquement transculturels. Cette approche revisite la piste de l’influence souvent convoquée dans les études sur la pratique du picaresque hors d’Espagne ou d’Europe. Elle propose l’idée de l’existence d’une ressemblance sans contact qui implique un débat terminologique que cette réflexion ne manque pas de mener pour aboutir à une suggestion terminologique : le picarisme.
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Longin, C. F. H., H. F. Utz, A. E. Melchinger i J. C. Reif. "Hybrid maize breeding with doubled haploids: Comparison between selection criteria". Acta Agronomica Hungarica 54, nr 3 (1.09.2006): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.54.2006.3.9.
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The optimum allocation of breeding resources is crucial for the efficiency of breeding programmes. The objectives were to (i) compare selection gain ΔGk for finite and infinite sample sizes, (ii) compare ΔGk and the probability of identifying superior hybrids (Pk), and (iii) determine the optimum allocation of the number of hybrids and test locations in hybrid maize breeding using doubled haploids. Infinite compared to finite sample sizes led to almost identical optimum allocation of test resources, but to an inflation of ΔGk. This inflation decreased as the budget and the number of finally selected hybrids increased. A reasonable Pk was reached for hybrids belonging to the q = 1% best of the population. The optimum allocations for Pk(q) and ΔGkwere similar, indicating that Pk(q) is promising for optimizing breeding programmes.
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Aboderin, Olawale Serifdeen, Folusho Anuoluwapo Bankole, Muhyideen Oyekunle i Gbadebo Olaoye. "Yield Stability and Inter-Traits Relationships of Maize Hybrids Under Low- and Optimum-Nitrogen Conditions". Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo) 69, nr 4 (1.12.2023): 171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/agri-2023-0015.
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Abstract The menace of low soil nitrogen poses a significant challenge to maize production in sub-Saharan Africa, necessitating the development of high-yielding hybrids with increased nitrogen (N) tolerance. Two hundred and forty (240) maize hybrids were evaluated across eight environments at Zaria and Mokwa in Nigeria during the 2020 and 2021 growing seasons, encompassing both low- and optimum-N conditions. The primary objective of the study was to identify high-yielding, stable, and low-N-tolerant hybrids for potential adoption in Nigeria. The study results underscored the significant impact of nitrogen availability on various agronomic traits, causing a substantial 53% reduction in grain yield. Significant genetic variation was observed among hybrids for most measured traits. SMLW146 × IITA1878, SMLW147 × SAM50M and SMLW147 × IITA1878 were the highest-yielding hybrids across the test environments with a yield advantage of 48.2%, 46.6% and 43.1%, respectively over the best check. GGE biplot analysis identified Mokwa Low-N 2021 (MLN21) and Mokwa optimum-N 2021 (MOP21) as discriminating and representative environments for selecting superior hybrids. SMLW147 × SAM50M emerged as the most stable low-N tolerant hybrid with the highest yield performance. Conversely, hybrid SMLW147 × IITA1878 produced a high yield across environments but was unstable. The study concludes by recommending SMLW147 × SAM50M for cultivation across both low- and optimum-N conditions, while SMLW147 × IITA1878 is specifically recommended for cultivation in optimum-N environments. Anthesis-silking interval, plant aspect, ear aspect, and ear height were identified as the most suitable secondary traits for selecting hybrids for high grain yield under low-N conditions.
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Gangaiah, B., IPS Ahlawat i MBBP Babu. "Response of nitrogen fertilization on Bt and non-Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) hybrids". SAARC Journal of Agriculture 11, nr 1 (20.03.2014): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v11i1.18389.
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A field experiment was conducted during 2006 and 2007 (June- December) at New Delhi to assess the performance of three cotton hybrids of which two Bt (MRC 6304 & RCH 317) and one non-Bt cotton hybrid LHH 144 (North zone check) in response to nitrogen fertilization (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1). Based on pooled analysis, both Bt hybrids produced similar seed cotton yield (SCY). Bt hybrid have produced 7.1 bolls/plant (on an average) and bolls 0.48 g heavier than non Bt hybrid LHH 144 that lead to 1.07 t ha-1 higher SCY of Bt hybrids than non-Bt hybrid (1.93 t ha-1). Though the N uptake by cotton hybrids was statistically similar N harvest index (NHI) was higher in Bt hybrid (57.85) as compared to non-Bt hybrid (40.5). The agronomic N use efficiency (ANUE) was highest in MRC 6304 Bt (6.44) and least in LHH 144 non-Bt cotton (3.91). Cotton growth, yield attributes, SCY, and N uptake increased with each successive increase to the highest level of 180 kg ha-1 however, the N response of cotton was quadratic in nature with optimum dose of 173.0 kg ha-1. The NHI decreased with increase in N dose i.e. from the highest of 56.3 in control to the lowest of 48.8 with 180 kg ha-1 N fertilization. ANUE and physiological NUE that was highest with 60 (5.73) and 120 kg N fertilization (17.05), respectively and decreased with further increase in N dose. The cotton hybrid x N interaction effect revealed that Bt cottons have quadratic N response while non-Bt cotton has linear N response. From the economic point of view, Bt hybrids with 120 kg Nha-1 could be optimum dose for cotton cultivation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v11i1.18389 SAARC J. Agri., 11(1): 121-132 (2013)
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Makore, Fortunate, Cosmos Magorokosho, Shorai Dari, Edmore Gasura, Upenyu Mazarura i Casper Nyaradzai Kamutando. "Genetic Potential of New Maize Inbred Lines in Single-Cross Hybrid Combinations under Low-Nitrogen Stress and Optimal Conditions". Agronomy 12, nr 9 (16.09.2022): 2205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12092205.
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Maize (Zea mays, L.) productivity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remains low, despite breeding efforts spanning across decades. Currently, three-way cross hybrids (TWCH) dominate SSA; however, there is the potential to increase yields by using single-cross hybrids. In this study, five new and four elite CIMMYT lines were inter-mated in a half diallel mating scheme to estimate the combining ability of the lines and to determine the stability of their corresponding 36 single-cross hybrids for grain yield under low-nitrogen stress and optimum growing conditions in Zimbabwe and Zambia. The results revealed that the new inbred line CL121290 showed the highest GCA effects under optimum conditions (1.4 tha−1; p < 0.001) and across sites (0.93 tha−1; p < 0.001). The single-cross hybrids G12 (CML311 × DJL173527) and G16 (DJL173887 × CL1211559) were highly stable and were observed as ideal crosses within both the low-nitrogen and optimal environments. However, G18 (CML311 × DJL173887), which was depicted as ideal genotype under the two management conditions, was an unstable genotype. Hybrid G31 (CML311 × CML312) had the least grain yield under low-nitrogen, optimum and across environments. The hybrid G11 (DJL173527 × CL121290) was the highest yielding genotype amongst the new single-cross hybrids and across environments but was unstable and can be recommended for high potential in environments. Overall, the data demonstrated the potential of single-cross hybrids to supplement TWCH in boosting maize productivity under optimal and nitrogen-stress environments in SSA as well as under other areas with similar climatic conditions in the world.
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Sserumaga, Julius Pyton, Yoseph Beyene, Kiru Pillay, Alois Kullaya, Sylvester O. Oikeh, Stephen Mugo, Lewis Machida i in. "Grain-yield stability among tropical maize hybrids derived from doubled-haploid inbred lines under random drought stress and optimum moisture conditions". Crop and Pasture Science 69, nr 7 (2018): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp17348.
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Drought is a devastating environmental stress in agriculture and hence a common target of plant breeding. A review of breeding progress on drought tolerance shows that, to a certain extent, selection for high yield in stress-free conditions indirectly improves yield in water-limiting conditions. The objectives of this study were to (i) assess the genotype × environment (GE) interaction for grain yield (GY) and other agronomic traits for maize (Zea mays L.) across East African agro-ecologies; and (ii) evaluate agronomic performance and stability in Uganda and Tanzania under optimum and random drought conditions. Data were recorded for major agronomic traits. Genotype main effect plus GE (GGE) biplot analysis was used to assess the stability of varieties within various environments and across environments. Combined analysis of variance across optimum moisture and random drought environments indicated that locations, mean-squares for genotypes and GE were significant for most measured traits. The best hybrids, CKDHH1097 and CKDHH1090, gave GY advantages of 23% and 43%, respectively, over the commercial hybrid varieties under both optimum-moisture and random-drought conditions. Across environments, genotypic variance was less than the GE variance for GY. The hybrids derived from doubled-haploid inbred lines produced higher GY and possessed acceptable agronomic traits compared with the commercial hybrids. Hybrid CKDHH1098 ranked second-best under optimum-moisture and drought-stress environments and was the most stable with broad adaptation to both environments. Use of the best doubled-haploids lines in testcross hybrids make-up, well targeted to the production environments, could boost maize production among farmers in East Africa.
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Chareyron, Romain. "Créer pour mieux voir : Image(s) du sida et enjeux de la représentation dans '120 battements par minute'". HYBRIDA, nr 3 (31.12.2021): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/hybrida.3.21528.
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À travers l’analyse du film de Robin Campillo 120 battements par minute (2017), cet article se propose d’interroger le rôle des images dans notre conceptualisation de l’épidémie de sida. En choisissant de porter à l’écran un pan de l’histoire française récente dont la fiction s’est peu emparée – les lutte menées par Act Up-Paris durant les années 1990 – le film s’attache à effectuer un réexamen du passé du point de vue de celles et ceux qui ont combattu pour une plus grande justice sociale mais qui ont longtemps été relégués aux marges. Comme le montrera cet article, en prenant pour sujet une association dont le message politique reposait en grande partie sur l’image qu’elle véhiculait et qui se voulait un contrepoids aux discours politique et médical de l’époque, le film participe d’une mise en abyme des enjeux de la représentation et du regard qu’elle induit. Cela nous amènera à réfléchir sur la force du visuel à incarner un message, ainsi que sa capacité à nous amener à penser le monde social. Nous nous intéresserons plus particulièrement à la relation entre image, mémoire et connaissance à travers une analyse sémiotique de l’image filmique qui nous permettra de mettre en avant le phénomène de réflexivité à l’œuvre au sein du film. Dans cette optique, nous observerons la manière dont Campillo crée des images qui ont une fonction double : mettre à jour la convergence de l’intime et du collectif qui irriguait les actions d’Act Up-Paris et donnait au visuel sa force contestataire, tout en inscrivant sa propre représentation dans une démarche mémorielle dont le but est d’enrichir nos connaissances vis-à-vis du sida et des luttes menées par des individus trop longtemps « invisibilisés ».
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Dubchak, О., i L. Palamarchuk. "Creation stages and ways of studying the efficiency of sugar beet hybrids of various genetic bases". Agrobìologìâ, nr 1(171) (24.06.2022): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2022-171-1-15-23.
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Verkhnyachska research and selection station (VRSS) is widely known for its aborigineous, combining-capable multigerm pollinators’ (MP), which made the base of the new hybrids of sugar beet such as Kozak, Dzhura, Heroy etc. the Modern hybrids are capable to realize genotype caused potential of high efciency in changeable conditions. MP1, MP2 and MP 3 pollinators’ have been constantly used in the selection program "Betaintercross" as pollinators of parental components of hybrids. The paper presents the results of ecological test (ET) of sugar beet new hybrids created and tested under this program. The estimation of their efciency tested simultaneously in the ET in all zones of beet production in Ukraine are presented in the paper. The efciency parameters have allowed to characterize hybrids, to establish their direction (high-yielding, sugary), to provide comprehensive and their fast assessment for adaptation to various agroclimatic conditions of cultivation which can further provide probable certain hybrid with maximal following the requirements for a cultivation zone choice with optimum conditions for high efciency formation. The study presents the best experimental hybrids of the 2019–2021 testing created using the multigerm pollinators of verkhnyatska selection. The perspective hybrids are obtained under hybridizations of verkhnyatska origin MPs Male sterile (MS) lines of various gene plasma. At purposeful topcrossings of MP2-2004 VOSS with MS of line 1919 Ivanovo selections resulted in creation of a hybrid SC 211215, with sugar yiels of 113.7 % and hybrid SC 210715 (MS 1933 × OP3-2003) with that of 113.6 % to the standard. The hybrid SC 211317, received with Uman MS line 1937 and verkhnyatska MP 3-2003, has ensured 109.9 %.yield of sugar. Key words: selection, sugar beet, multigerm polinators, heterozis, hybrid, efciency.
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Ranwala, Anil P., Garry Legnani, Mary Reitmeier, Barbara B. Stewart i William B. Miller. "Efficacy of Plant Growth Retardants as Preplant Bulb Dips for Height Control in LA and Oriental Hybrid Lilies". HortTechnology 12, nr 3 (styczeń 2002): 426–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.12.3.426.
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We evaluated preplant bulb dips in three commercial plant growth retardants [ancymidol (A-Rest), paclobutrazol (Bonzi), and uniconazole (Sumagic)] for height control in seven oriental hybrid lily (Lilium) cultivars (Aubade, Berlin, Casa Blanca, Muscadet, Sissi, Star Gazer, and Tom Pouce), and seven LA-hybrid lily [hybrids resulting from crosses between easter lily (Lilium longiflorum) and Asiatic hybrids] cultivars (Aladdin's Dazzle, Best Seller, Cebeco Dazzle, Royal Dream, Royal Parade, Royal Perfume, and Salmon Classic) grown in containers. A 1-min dip into a range of concentrations of each product was used to determine the optimum concentrations for height control. The results indicate that bulb dips, especially with uniconazole and paclobutrazol, can be a highly effective means of height control in hybrid lilies. Cultivars varied in their response to growth retardant treatments. In general, LA-hybrid lilies were much more responsive to the growth retardant treatments than oriental hybrids and required lower rates for comparable height control. Delays in flowering, increased bud abortion and leaf yellowing were observed only with high concentrations of uniconazole or paclobutrazol where the height reduction was also too excessive for a commercially acceptable crop.
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Nyaga, Christine, Manje Gowda, Yoseph Beyene, Wilson T. Murithi, Juan Burgueno, Fernando Toledo, Dan Makumbi i in. "Hybrid Breeding for MLN Resistance: Heterosis, Combining Ability, and Hybrid Prediction". Plants 9, nr 4 (8.04.2020): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9040468.
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Prior knowledge on heterosis and quantitative genetic parameters on maize lethal necrosis (MLN) can help the breeders to develop numerous resistant or tolerant hybrids with optimum resources. Our objectives were to (1) estimate the quantitative genetic parameters for MLN disease severity, (2) investigate the efficiency of the prediction of hybrid performance based on parental per se and general combining ability (GCA) effects, and (3) examine the potential of hybrid prediction for MLN resistance or tolerance based on markers. Fifty elite maize inbred lines were selected based on their response to MLN under artificial inoculation. Crosses were made in a half diallel mating design to produce 307 F1 hybrids. All hybrids were evaluated in MLN quarantine facility in Naivasha, Kenya for two seasons under artificial inoculation. All 50 inbreds were genotyped with genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) SNPs. The phenotypic variation was significant for all traits and the heritability was moderate to high. We observed that hybrids were superior to the mean performance of the parents for disease severity (−14.57%) and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) (14.9%). Correlations were significant and moderate between line per se and GCA; and mean of parental value with hybrid performance for both disease severity and AUDPC value. Very low and negative correlation was observed between parental lines marker based genetic distance and heterosis. Nevertheless, the correlation of GCA effects was very high with hybrid performance which can suggests as a good predictor of MLN resistance. Genomic prediction of hybrid performance for MLN is high for both traits. We therefore conclude that there is potential for prediction of hybrid performance for MLN. Overall, the estimated quantitative genetic parameters suggest that through targeted approach, it is possible to develop outstanding lines and hybrids for MLN resistance.
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Sheikholeslami, R., B. Gholipour Khalili i S. M. Zahrai. "Optimum Cost Design of Reinforced Concrete Retaining Walls Using Hybrid Firefly Algorithm". International Journal of Engineering and Technology 6, nr 6 (grudzień 2014): 465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2014.v6.742.
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Amuzu, G., P. F. Ribeiro, M. D. Asante i J. N. L. Lamptey. "Genetic Studies of Extra Early Maize Genotypes Under Low Nitrogen". Agricultural and Food Science Journal of Ghana 16, nr 1 (6.09.2024): 1740–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afsjg.v16i1.7.
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Nitrogen (N) is a major limiting factor associated with maize production in sub-Saharan Africa. Low N tolerant hybrids can absorb and utilise N from the soil as well as applied fertilisers, making them efficient users of N. This study focused on identifying inbred lines with desirable GCA for grain yield and other agronomic traits under low N, determining the gene action governing grain yield and other agronomic traits under low N and estimating the genotypic variability for grain yield and other agronomic traits among extra early maize hybrids. Ten extra early white endosperm maize inbred lines were crossed to five testers in a line tester mating design to -1 generate fifty (50) single cross hybrids (SCH) which were evaluated under low N (30 kg N ha ) -1 and optimum N (90 kg N ha ). The combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) under low and optimum N showed significant mean squares for the environment and hybrids but non-significant hybrid environment interaction mean squares for grain yield (GY) under low N. General combining ability of line and tester as well as specific combining ability showed significant mean squares for GYunder both low and optimum N environments. Non-additive gene action governed GY under low and optimum N. GY had moderate genotypic coefficient of variability and high genetic advance as a percentage of mean under low and optimum N. Lines CRIZEEL-W-242 and CRIZEEL-W-261 were the best inbred lines identified under low and optimum N conditions, hence should be used in recurrent selection or other hybridization programmes.
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So, Yim F., Martin M. Williams i Jerald K. Pataky. "Wild-Proso Millet Differentially Affects Canopy Architecture and Yield Components of 25 Sweet Corn Hybrids". HortScience 44, nr 2 (kwiecień 2009): 408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.44.2.408.
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Knowledge of cultivar-specific information on crop tolerance, the ability of the crop to endure competitive stress from weeds, has garnered recent interest in organic crop production. Twenty-five commercial sweet corn hybrids from nine seed companies were grown in the presence and absence of wild-proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) to 1) quantify tolerance in crop growth and yield to weed interference; 2) determine associations between tolerance in crop growth and yield; and 3) identify hybrids differing in tolerance to weed interference. Despite large differences in canopy architecture among hybrids, crop height and leaf uprightness were minimally affected by weed interference. In contrast, wild-proso millet interference reduced ear number 11% to 98% and ear mass 24% to 82% depending on the hybrid. The ability of a hybrid to make small growth adjustments in the presence of wild-proso millet appeared to have no relationship to yield tolerance. The least competitive hybrids were ‘ACX1413’, ‘Optimum’, ‘Quickie’, ‘Spring Treat’, and ‘Sugar Buns’. The most competitive hybrids were ‘Code128’, ‘Coho’, ‘El Toro’, ‘EX 8716622’, and ‘Legacy’. Although some exceptions were observed, in general, the longer-maturity processing hybrids were more competitive with wild-proso millet than the earlier-maturing fresh market hybrids.
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TOKATLIDIS, I. S. "The effect of improved potential yield per plant on crop yield potential and optimum plant density in maize hybrids". Journal of Agricultural Science 137, nr 3 (listopad 2001): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859601001496.
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Honeycomb selection in the F2 generation of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid PR 3183, based on line performance per se in the absence of competition, led to recycled hybrids with improved potential yield per plant (mean yield per plant in the absence of competition). In the present study six S6×S6 recycled hybrids and two commercial single-cross hybrids (PR 3183 and B73×Mo17) were tested at three plant densities (25000, 41667 and 83333 plants/ha), in two locations (Technological Education Institute farm of Florina, Greece and University farm of Thessaloniki, Greece), for 2 years (1998, 1999). The study was undertaken to assess indirectly the potential yield per plant (p), the crop yield potential (Ymax), and the optimum plant density (Dopt) of the hybrids. Estimate of p and Ymax were obtained through linear regression analysis of yield per plant (Yp) on plant density (D), expressed by the equation Yp = p−qD, with Ymax being equal to (1/4)p2q−1. Optimum plant density was assessed through linear regression analysis of natural logarithm of yield per plant on plant density, expressed by the equation ln(Yp) = α−bD, with Dopt being equal to 1/b. The recycled hybrids had higher estimated potential yield per plant (p), than the two check hybrids, with p values being positively correlated with yield per plant of hybrids obtained experimentally in the absence of competition. Results indicated that the higher potential yield per plant decreases the optimum plant density, and renders the hybrids less density-dependent.
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Bafanda, Reyaz Ahmed. "Optimum sizing methodologies and planning of different system components in hybrid power system". International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-3 (30.04.2018): 1420–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd11466.
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Du, Kunpeng, Jin Huang, Jing Chen, Youbing Li, Chaolong Yang i Xiaochao Xia. "Mechanical Property and Structure of Polypropylene/Aluminum Alloy Hybrid Prepared via Ultrasound-Assisted Hot-Pressing Technology". Materials 13, nr 1 (6.01.2020): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13010236.
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The polypropylene/aluminum alloy hybrid was prepared via an ultrasonic-assisted hot-pressing technology (UAHPT). The mechanical property and structure of the UAHPT processed polypropylene/aluminum alloy hybrid were explored by the tensile shear test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. Prior to obtaining the UAHPT processed hybrid, the microporous structures were prepared by the anodic oxidation in a phosphoric acid solution in which the polypropylene (PP) melt flowed into and formed the micro mechanical interlocking structure at the interface of polypropylene/aluminum alloy. The effects of bonding temperature, pressing pressure, ultrasonic amplitude, and ultrasonic time on the bonding properties of the hybrids were investigated via orthogonal experiment. The UAHPT processed hybrid was strengthened and the maximal tensile shear strength reached up to 22.43 MPa for the polypropylene/aluminum alloy hybrid prepared at the optimum vibration processing parameters.
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Al-Asbahi, Bandar Ali, Mohamad S. AlSalhi, Amanullah Fatehmulla, Mohammad Hafizuddin Hj Jumali, Saif M. H. Qaid, Wafa Musa Mujamammi i Hamid M. Ghaithan. "Controlling the Emission Spectrum of Binary Emitting Polymer Hybrids by a Systematic Doping Strategy via Förster Resonance Energy Transfer for White Emission". Micromachines 12, nr 11 (8.11.2021): 1371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12111371.
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Tuning the emission spectrum of both binary hybrids of poly (9,9′-di-n-octylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFO) with each poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) and poly[2-methoxy-5-(3,7-dimethyl-octyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] end-capped with Dimethyl phenyl (MDMO-PPV–DMP) by a systematic doping strategy was achieved. Both binary hybrid thin films of PFO/MEH-PPV and PFO/MDMO-PPV–DMP with various weight ratios were prepared via solution blending method prior to spin coating onto the glass substrates. The conjugation length of the PFO was tuned upon addition of acceptors (MEH-PPV or MDMO-PPV–DMP), as proved from shifting the emission and absorption peaks of the binary hybrids toward the acceptor in addition to enhancing the acceptor emission and reducing the absorbance of the PFO. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is more efficient in the binary hybrid of PFO/MDMO-PPV–DMP than in the PFO/MEH-PPV. The efficient FRET in both hybrid thin films played the major role for controlling their emission and producing white emission from optimum ratio of both binary hybrids. Moreover, the tuning of the emission color can be attributed to the cascade of energy transfer from PFO to MEH-PPV, and then to MDMO-PPV–DMP.
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El Hallof, Nóra, i Mihály Sárvári. "Productivity and Nutrient Reaction of Maize Hybrids". Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, nr 16 (6.12.2005): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/16/3293.
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Several factors influence the quantity and stability of maize yield, the most important being the nutrient supply, the hybrid and precipitation. In 2004, during the maize growing season the precipitation was more than the 30 year’s average, with 68.3 mm, but the distribution was unfavorable. The experiment was carried out in Debrecen at the Experimental Station of the University of Debrecen Centre of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Crop Production and Applied Ecology. We tested 10 various hybrids with their own genetic characteristics for five different fertilizer doses, in addition to the parcels without fertilization.The favorable results reached were due to the rainy season. The average yield varied between 7.78-9.67 tha-1. The DK 440, PR37M34, PR38A24, PR39D81 and PR36R10 of the hybrids reacted to higher fertilizer doses with significant growth yields, the yield (more than 11 tha-1) was the highest for N200, P125, K150 fertilizing. The other hybrids, DKC 5211, Mv Vilma and MV Maraton, gave similar results at the N120+PK fertilizer dose and the ensuing doses depressed the yield. Fertilization was more effective thanks to the precipitation. The fourth and fifth dose increased or decreased maize yield depending on the nutrient reaction of the hybrid. The agro-ecological optimum of NPK fertilization was N120, P75, K90 kgha-1.During the experiment we tested the moisture loss of five hybrids. The rainy crop year’s effect on the seed moisture content at harvest was higher than in previous years. The seed moisture content hybrids at harvest which have shorter crop years (FAO 300) was 18-19%, and hybrids with longer vegetation periods had more than 20% seed moisture content. DK 440 hybrid had the intensive moisture loss of the five hybrids, at the start of the measurement, the seed moisture content was higher than 40%, and it decreased to 18.6% by harvesting.
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Bello, Omolaran, Odunayo Olawuyi, Mohammed Lawal, Sunday Ige, Jimoh Mahamood, Micheal Afolabi, Musibau Azeez i Suleiman Abdulmaliq. "Genetic gains in three breeding eras of maize hybrids under low and optimum nitrogen fertilization". Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 59, nr 3 (2014): 227–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas1403227b.
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A comparative study on the response of six maize hybrids: two hybrids each from the 1980s (8321-21 and 8425-8), 1990s (9801-11 and 9803-2) and 2000s (0103-11 and 0103-15) to sub-optimal and optimal nitrogen fertilization was conducted in Oke-Oyi, Nigeria. The trials were set up in a split plot with three nitrogen levels (0, 30 and 90 kg N ha-1) as a main plot and six hybrids as sub-plots. Significant interactions were observed between hybrid and N level for all characters, with increasing in variation as the level of N decreased. Mean grain yield reductions across eras were 73.8% at no-N and 32.6% at low-N, and those of optimal-N fertilization were 34.3% and 15.7% for 1980s and 1990s genotypes respectively. Depending on N treatment, grain yield varied from 0.67 to 4.89 t ha-1. Kernel number was most severely reduced by N stress, but had positive and highly significant (p?0.01) correlation with grain yield at all N levels. Genetic gains in grain yield were 42% (between 1980 and 2000 eras) and 9% (between 1990 and 2000 eras) under optimal-N fertilization. The two modern hybrids of 2000 era (0103-11 and 0103-15) were outstanding for all the agronomic traits and leaf chlorophyll concentration at all N levels. Improving traits associated with fertilizer N response could accelerate rate of genetic gains in maize yields.
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Boilot, J. P., F. Chaput, J. Biteau, A. V. Véret-Lemarinier, J. P. Galaud, D. Riehl i Y. Lévy. "Gels hybrides "organiques-inorganiques". Elaboration et applications en optique". Annales de Physique 20, nr 5-6 (1995): 727–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/anphys:199556067.
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Heckadka, Srinivas Shenoy, Suhas Yeshwant Nayak i Navaneeth Krishna Vernekar. "Fabrication and Testing of Glass/Banana Hybridized Epoxy Mono Composite Leaf Spring under Static Loading". Key Engineering Materials 777 (sierpień 2018): 432–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.777.432.
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This study makes use of E glass fiber and Banana fiber woven mats for the development of the hybrid composite mono leaf spring. Six composite laminates for selecting the optimum stack sequence were fabricated, four hybrids and two standalone using epoxy as matrix. From the flexural tests, two hybrid combinations were selected for fabricating the mono leaf spring. Among the hybrid composites, the one with three layers of glass fabric on the outside displayed maximum bending strength of 99.6 MPa. Composite mono leaf spring with three layers of glass fabric on the outside exhibited lower deflection when compared to conventional leaf spring. Results indicate that mono composite leaf spring has the potential to be used as an alternative to conventional leaf spring with continual research.
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Wei, Wei, i Henri Darmency. "Gene flow hampered by low seed size of hybrids between oilseed rape and five wild relatives". Seed Science Research 18, nr 2 (czerwiec 2008): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096025850897433x.
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AbstractRecent concern about gene flow from transgenic plants to weedy species has attracted much research on the fitness of their hybrids. However, no studies have been reported on the very early effects of the seed size of hybrids compared with parental plants for germination, seedling establishment and plant growth. We produced hybrids between male sterile Brassica napus L. (oilseed rape) and five weedy relatives, including Brassica juncea (L.) Czern, B. nigra (L.) Koch, B. rapa L., Hirschfeldia incana (L.) Lagrèze-Fossat and Raphanus raphanistrum L. The hybrid seeds formed between B. napus and B. rapa varied in size, while all the hybrid seeds formed with the other species were small. In a direct-seeded field experiment, small seeds of both parents and hybrids had a lower frequency of emergence and a lower seedling survival rate than large seeds, and resulted in later flowering with less biomass. However, no difference was recorded in a transplant experiment, indicating that growth in the juvenile period was sensitive to the small seed class in field conditions only. The optimum environmental conditions in the greenhouse probably homogenized the developmental differences observed at the early stage, and thus reduced the variation during subsequent growth in the field. This point has not been, but should be, considered in risk assessment of transgenic plants. The lower seedling establishment of small-seeded hybrids could hamper further gene flow.
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Efendi, Roy, Andi Takdir M. i Muhammad Azrai. "Daya Gabung Inbrida Jagung Toleran Cekaman Kekeringan dan Nitrogen Rendah pada Pembentukan Varietas Hibrida". Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan 1, nr 2 (12.09.2017): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jpptp.v1n2.2017.p83-96.
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<p class="Abstrak">Low maize grain yield due to drought and low N stresses maybe overcome by growing tolerance hybrid maize varieties.<strong> </strong>The objectives of this research were to analyze the combining ability of eight inbred lines possessing those traits and indentify suitable parental inbred lines which can be used to develop single cross hybrid tolerant to drought and low nitrogen. Eight inbred lines were crossed using complete diallel cross design of Griffing’s- I on Februry to June, 2014. Those inbred lines were 1044-30, DTPYC9-F46-3-9-1-1-B (for drought tolerance), MR 14 (medium drought tolerance), G20133077 (tolerant to low N), CY 11, CLRCY039 (medium tolerant to low N), and CY12 and G2013631 (for drought and low N sensitive). Fifty-six experimental hybrids derived from diallel crosses, eight inbred lines and four commercial hybrid varieties as checks were evaluated under managed drought, low dosage of N fertilization and under optimum condition, during the dry season (July to October) of 2014. Randomized complete block design three replications was used in each different stress condition. The results showed that CY 11, G2013631, and MR 14 inbred lines possesed good general combining ability (GCA) for grain yield under drought, low N, and optimum conditions. These inbred lines also showed good GCA for the secondary traits such as large stem, delayed leaf rolling and late leaf senescence to support for high grain yield under drought stress and low N condition. Inbred lines of drought and low N sensitive such as G2013631, but had high GCA, could be used as parent to develop drought and low N tolerance hybrids if crossed with inbred lines having medium-tolerant to drought or tolerant to low N, such as G20133077, which had low DGU, or CY11 which had high GCA. Hybrid maize tolerant to drought and tolerant to low N, such as CY11 x G20133077, G20133077 x G2013631, and CY 11 x G2013631, produced significantly higher grain yield, over 8 t/ha, under drought and under low N, as compared with hybrid varieties Bima 3 and Bisi 2, which yielded 5.91 and 6.59 t/ha under drought, and 6.82 and 7.01 t/ha under low N condition. Grain yields under optimum condition were positively correlated with those under both drought and low N conditions. The result suggests that it is possible for improving grain yield of hybrid maize, simultaneously for optimum, drought stress and low N conditions.</p>
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Miftiyati, Saral Dwi, Saprini Hamdiani i Made Ganesh Darmayanti. "Synthesis Of Paramagnetic Merkapto Silica Hybrid From Rice Husk Ash For Ag(I) Adsorben". Acta Chimica Asiana 1, nr 2 (13.08.2018): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/aca.v1i2.19.
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A study has been conducted on the synthesis of paramagnetic mercapto silica hybrids as metal adsorbent of Ag(I). The aim of this study was to synthesis paramagnetic mercapto silica hybrid from rice husk ash waste, knowing the characteristics of paramagnetic mercapto silica hybrid from rice husk ash waste, and to determine the effect of pH, metal ions concentration, and the contact time on the value of adsorption capacity (Q). Based on the results of the study, it was found that paramagnetic mercapto silica hybrids can be synthesized from the rice husk ash waste. Characterization using FTIR spectroscopy showed that silanol (Si-OH), siloxan (Si-O-Si), -SH, and Fe-OH functional groups, and characterization of paramagnetic mercapto silica hybrid structures using XRD to show crystalline compounds with a position value of 2θ = 35.4 which showed that the magnetite material of Fe3O4 was coated by silica. Paramagnetic mercapto silica hybrids from rice husk waste can be used as adsorbent of Ag (I) metal at optimum conditions of pH 3, contact time of 120 minutes, and adsorption capacity of 392.01 mg/g. The suitable isotherm model is the Freundlich isotherm model which means the absorption of metal Ag (I) occurs physically, while adsorption of kinetics followed the pseudo II order kinetic model with a value of k = 3.01 g.mg-1 minute-1.
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Wade, LJ, i JW Foreman. "Density multiply maturity interactions for grain yield in sunflower". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28, nr 5 (1988): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9880623.
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Variation in grain yield response to density (10 000, 30000, 50000, 70000, 90 000 and 110 000 plants/ha), of 2 sunflower hybrids differing in maturity (Hysun 11 and Hysun 30), was examined over a range of yield levels provided by 9 locations. While the interaction between hybrid, density and site was statistically highly significant, its value for commercial recommendations was limited. Optimum yields by each hybrid at each yield level did not differ significantly from yields at densities of 50000 plants/ha. When combined with Victorian and southern Queensland data, the responses were consistent over sites, years and times of sowing. This suggests that valid agronomic recommendations over regions may be based on data for 1 region, providing a suitable data set covering the range of yield expectations is obtained. The regression technique, which related grain weight per plant to area per plant, enhanced the sensitivity in data analysis, simplified data presentation, and provided a framework for interpreting differences between hybrids in density response.
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Singer, Hilal. "Application of a Performance Evaluation Model to the Paper and Paper Products Printing Sector: The DEA-AHP Hybrid Algorithm". Optimum Ekonomi ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi 11, nr 2 (1.07.2024): 215–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17541/optimum.1417219.
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The paper and paper products printing sector plays a crucial role in generating income, creating employment opportunities, and supporting exports and various industries. Measuring the efficiency of companies operating in this sector is important in identifying areas for improvement and enhancing overall performance. In this study, a two-stage DEA (data envelopment analysis)-AHP (analytic hierarchy process) approach is proposed to analyze the efficiency of twelve paper and paper products printing companies traded on Borsa Istanbul. The modified DEA method is employed to make pairwise comparisons of the companies. Total assets, total equity, and the number of employees are selected as inputs, while revenue and net profit are considered as outputs. The AHP method prioritizes the companies by considering the outputs of the mathematical models constructed via DEA. The proposed framework presents a different view because it contributes to identifying the most efficient company, benchmarking company performance, and determining areas for improvement.
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CUTFORTH, H. W., C. F. SHAYKEWICH i C. M. CHO. "SOIL WATER-SOIL TEMPERATURE INTERACTIONS IN THE GERMINATION AND EMERGENCE OF CORN (Zea mays L.)". Canadian Journal of Soil Science 65, nr 3 (1.08.1985): 445–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss85-048.
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Germination and emergence of corn as affected by soil water and soil temperature were measured on the hybrids Pioneer 3995, Northrup King 403 and Pride 1108 on an Almasippi loamy sand and a Carroll clay loam. It was found that both germination and emergence rates could be adequately described by a relationship to the proportion of potentially available water, i.e. that between field capacity and permanent wilting percentage, present in the soil. In the case of germination, a separate relationship was required for each hybrid. On the other hand, emergence rate of all three hybrids was adequately estimated by a single relationship. The response to temperature was measured in terms of maximum rate, i.e. at optimum water, of both germination and emergence. Maximum germination rate decreased rapidly with temperature and was found to be hybrid dependent. In the case of emergence, the relationship to temperature was the same for all three hybrids. The results of this study were used to develop a model with which germination and emergence could be estimated from data on soil water and soil temperature. Key words: Soil water, soil temperature, germination, emergence, corn
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Sárvári, Mihály, i Beáta Boros. "Determining elements of variety-specific maize production technology". Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, nr I (5.10.2010): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/i/8395.
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Our aim was to work out such new maize fertilizer methods and models which can reduce the harmful effects of fertilization, canmaintain the soil fertility and can moderate the yield fluctuation (nowadays 50-60 %).The soil of our experimental projects was meadow soil. The soil could be characterized by high clay content and pour phosphorus andmedium potassium contents. In the last decade, out of ten years six years were dry and hot in our region. So the importance of crop-rotationis increasing and we have to strive for using the appropriate crop rotation.The yields of maize in monoculture crop rotation decreased by 1-3 t ha-1 in each dry year during the experiment (1983, 1990, 1992,1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 2000, 2003, and 2007). The most favourable forecrop of maize was wheat, medium was the biculture crop rotationand the worst crop rotation was the monoculture.There is a strong correlation between the sowing time and the yield of maize hybrids, but this interactive effect can be modified by theamount and distribution of precipitation in the vegetation period. At the early sowing time, the grain moistures were 5-12 % lower comparedto the late sowing time and 4-5 % lower compared to the optimum sowing treatment.There are great differences among the plant density of different maize hybrids. There are hybrids sensitive to higher plant density andthere are hybrids with wide and narrow optimum plant densities.The agro-ecological optimum fertilizer dosage of hybrids with a longer season (FAO 400-500) was N 30-40 kg ha-1 higher in favourableyears as compared to early hybrids.We can summarize our results by saying that we have to use hybrid-specific technologies in maize production. In the future, we have toincrease the level of inputs and have to apply the best appropriate hybrids and with respect to the agroecologial conditions, we can betterutilize the genetic yield potential.
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Ikotun, Abiodun M., i Absalom E. Ezugwu. "Boosting k-means clustering with symbiotic organisms search for automatic clustering problems". PLOS ONE 17, nr 8 (11.08.2022): e0272861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272861.
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Kmeans clustering algorithm is an iterative unsupervised learning algorithm that tries to partition the given dataset into k pre-defined distinct non-overlapping clusters where each data point belongs to only one group. However, its performance is affected by its sensitivity to the initial cluster centroids with the possibility of convergence into local optimum and specification of cluster number as the input parameter. Recently, the hybridization of metaheuristics algorithms with the K-Means algorithm has been explored to address these problems and effectively improve the algorithm’s performance. Nonetheless, most metaheuristics algorithms require rigorous parameter tunning to achieve an optimum result. This paper proposes a hybrid clustering method that combines the well-known symbiotic organisms search algorithm with K-Means using the SOS as a global search metaheuristic for generating the optimum initial cluster centroids for the K-Means. The SOS algorithm is more of a parameter-free metaheuristic with excellent search quality that only requires initialising a single control parameter. The performance of the proposed algorithm is investigated by comparing it with the classical SOS, classical K-means and other existing hybrids clustering algorithms on eleven (11) UCI Machine Learning Repository datasets and one artificial dataset. The results from the extensive computational experimentation show improved performance of the hybrid SOSK-Means for solving automatic clustering compared to the standard K-Means, symbiotic organisms search clustering methods and other hybrid clustering approaches.
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Sinapidou, Evaggelia, Chrysanthi Pankou, Fotakis Gekas, Iosif Sistanis, Constantinos Tzantarmas, Maria Tokamani, Ioannis Mylonas i in. "Plant Yield Efficiency by Homeostasis as Selection Tool at Ultra-Low Density. A Comparative Study with Common Stability Measures in Maize". Agronomy 10, nr 8 (16.08.2020): 1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10081203.
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The study pertains to field experimentation testing seven maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids at four densities, across five locations under normal (NIR) and low-input (LIR) regimes. The main objective was to assess the prognostic value of plant yield efficiency by homeostasis (PYEH) for breeding purposes at ultra-low plant density to predict hybrid yield potential and stability. PYEH comprises plant yield efficiency (PYE) that reflects the ability of individual plants to exploit resources, and plant yield homeostasis (PYH) that indicates the crop’s ability to evade acquired plant-to-plant variability. The same hybrids were also evaluated for stability by commonly used parametric and non-parametric statistics based on data at low (LCD) and high crop densities (HCD). Hybrid stability focused on potential yield loss due to erratic optimum density (OD). Most methods produced conflicting results regarding hybrid ranking for yield and stability especially at LCD. In contrast, PYEH consistently highlighted high-yielding and stable hybrids, potentially able to reach the attainable crop yield (ACY) inter-seasonally irrespective of crop spacing. Low density is common practice under resource-deficit conditions, so crop adaptation to crop spacing is a viable option to overcome erratic OD that constitutes a root source of crop instability in rainfed maize. The results were further supportive of breeding at ultra-low density to facilitate the identification and selection of superior genotypes, since such conditions promote phenotypic expression and differentiation, and ensure repeatability across diverse environments.
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Mohammed, K. A., S. N. Alebadi, K. M. Ziadan, A. S. AL-Kabbi, A. J. Alrubaie i H. M. Hussein. "Organic-inorganic hybrid material: synthesis, characterization for solar cell application". Journal of Ovonic Research 18, nr 1 (luty 2022): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/jor.2022.181.75.
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We report a hybrid system based on conducting polymer-semiconductor from poly(otoluidine) (POT) doped with camphor sulfonic acid(CSA) and cadmium selenide capped with Tri sodium citrate(CdSe-TSC) by the physical mixing method. The influence of CdSe nanoparticles weight percent on the hybrid thin films have been investigated by means of XRD, FESEM, UV-VIS absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) measurements. The main diffraction peaks of POT/CdSe hybrids are analogous to the neat CdSe nanoparticles. The absorption measurement reveals that the interaction between CdSe and POT in the hybrid materials led to the blue shift and broadening of the polaron absorption band. The energy gap has been decreased with an increase in the concentration of CdSe NPs. the PL intensity has been totaly quenched when the tow materials are bring to other. The hybrid nanocomposite material and provides useful evidence apropos the optimum use of CdSe nanoparticles in conductive polymer based optoelectronics.
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Adhikari, Madhusudhan, Shrawan Kumar Sah, Binod Ghimire i Prajina Neupane. "Performance of hybrid maize at different nitrogen levels in spring season at Badhaiyatal area of Bardiya District, Lumbini Province, Nepal". Nepal Agriculture Research Journal 15, nr 1 (1.02.2023): 136–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v15i1.51723.
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Blanket recommendation of nitrogen (N) for maize would not be applicable as the new high yielding hybridshave been grown in Nepal. A field experiment was carried out during spring season at Badhaiyatal, Bardiya to determine optimum N level for hybrid maize. The treatments consisted of three commercial maize hybrids namely Rampur hybrid-10, Rajkumar and Pioneer-3522 and four N levels i.e., 150 kg ha-1, 175 kg ha-1, 200 kg ha-1 and 225 kg ha-1. The experiment was carried out in split-plot design with maize hybrids as main plot factor and N levels as sub plot factor in three replications. Results revealed that all yield attributes were significantly (0.05) influenced by variety and nitrogen levels except number of ears harvested per hectare. The grain yield with N level @ 225 kg ha-1 (8.69 t ha-1) was found higher than remaining N levels. The higher yield with 225 kg N ha-1 was because of significantly (0.05) higher leaf area index (4.67 at 75 Days After Sowing, plant height (248.50 cm at 75 DAS), number of kernels per ear (467), ear length (18.59 cm), ear circumference (15.16 cm) and shelling percentage (70.68%). All three maize hybrids: Pioneer 3522 (8.46 tha-1), Rajkumar (8.05 t ha-1) and Rampur hybrid-10 (7.63 t ha-1) were found similar in grain yield. The yield attributes viz., ear length, and ear circumference number of kernels per ear showed positive correlation with grain yield. Therefore, application of N@ of 225 kg ha-1 for the maize hybrids during spring season is suggested in Bardiya.
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Marchenko, Tetiana, Vadim Skakun, Yurii Lavrynenko, Оleksandr Zavalnyuk i Yehor Skakun. "Biometric parameters and yield of maize hybrids in dependence on agricultural technology elements". Scientific Horizons 26, nr 11 (2.10.2023): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.48077/scihor11.2023.90.
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Modern innovative corn hybrids of the intensive type have a significant individual response of morphometric and photosynthetic indicators to the density of the coenosis. Establishing correlations of these indicators with the level of grain yield of different genotypes of corn hybrids and determining the optimal parameters for the manifestation of these characteristics allows technological measures to ensure the realization of productive potential. The purpose of the research was to establish the peculiarities of the formation of biometric and photosynthetic indicators of innovative corn hybrids depending on the genotype, and the density of the coenosis, and to determine the correlationregression dependence of these characteristics. Field experiments were conducted during 2019-2021 in the agroecological zone of the Central Forest Steppe. The soil of the experimental site is typical chernozem, the precursor is soybean. With the help of field, morphometric, laboratory, and statistical (dispersion and correlation analysis) it was established that the height of the plant, the height of attachment of the upper (productive) cob, the area of the assimilation surface of one plant, and the photosynthetic potential depended on the studied factors – the genotype of the hybrid and the density of the coenosis. A medium and strong positive correlation was established between productivity and these characteristics, which indicates the need to technologically ensure optimal plant growth and development at various stages of the development of corn plants of all hybrids. The mid-ripe hybrid Zedan 32 (FAO 320) showed maximum productivity at a density of 80,000 plants/ha and sharply reduced productivity at a density of up to 100,000 plants/ha. Mid-early hybrids showed maximum yield at a density of 90,000 plants/ha, while an increase or decrease in plant density from the optimum led to a decrease in grain yield. Therefore, each hybrid has its optimal coenosis density for obtaining the maximum grain yield, and increasing the photosynthetic potential of crops by agrotechnical measures does not always guarantee a parallel increase in the grain yield of corn hybrids
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Karancsi, Lajos. "Examination of the Nutrient and Water Utilization of Different Corn Genotypes in the Hajdúság". Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, nr 56 (11.03.2014): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/56/1934.
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The research was set up on chernozem soil at the Látókép MÉK research area of the University of Debrecen in Hungary. We examined the following factors of the hybrid P9494, P9578, PR37N01 and PR37M81 in 2013.Yield, yield production per 1 kg fertilizer, water utilization and nutrient reaction. We found that the best yield results were achieved at level N120+PK in case of hybrid P9494 (17 132 kg ha-1) P9578 (16 838 kg ha-1) and PR37N01 (17 476 kg ha-1) and at level N150+PK for hybrid PR37M81 (16 754 kg ha-1). Results of yield per 1 kg NPK studies indicate that the most intense yield growth occurred at level N30+PK compared to the control treatment. This means that yield production per 1 kg NPK was 39.2 kg kg-1 in the case of hybrid P9494, 54.2 kg kg-1 in the case of P9578, 17.6 kg kg-1 for PR37N01 and 44.2 kg kg-1 in the case of PR37M81. After comparing corn hybrids’ water utilization, our conclusion was that the control treatment achieved the worst results in the case of each hybrid (P9494: 20.8 kg mm-1, P9578: 21.0 kg mm-1, PR37N01: 26.2 kg mm-1, PR37M81: 19.5 kg mm-1). For hybrid P9494, P9578 and P37N01, the best water utilization results were measured at level N120+PK (31.5 kg mm-1, 31,0 kg mm-1 and 32.1 kg mm-1), while PR37M81 reached the highest values at level N150+PK (30.8 kg mm-1). We determined the hybrids’ nutrient reaction and its optimum fertilizer values. The best nutrient reaction results were achieved by hybrid PR37N01, while that of hybrid PR37M81 proved to be the weakest.
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Alabboud, Michael, Siamak Kalantari i Forouzandeh Soltani. "Postharvest performance interpretation and storage temperature optimization in some newly introduced melon hybrids". Advances in Horticultural Science 36, nr 1 (14.01.2022): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/ahsc-10914.
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Temperature is a key factor in melon cold storage. Thus, optimizing storage temperature is an important goal in postharvest research. In this experiment, postharvest attributes of four inbred lines and five derivative hybrids were investigated under three storage temperatures (1, 4, and 12°C). Melon fruit were evaluated for their main characteristics directly after harvest and postharvest changes were monitored through cold storage period. Cluster analysis results showed that most of the hybrids clustered with their maternal parents illustrating the significant role of cytoplasmic inheritance for the studied traits. Similarly, principal component analysis clustered the studied types into three clusters according to their average postharvest behaviour. The best postharvest performance belonged to inodorus and cantalupensis netted melon with their intercrossing breeds. While the dudaim inbred line and its hybrid scored the highest postharvest changes. Response surface analysis showed that 1.8°C was the optimum storage temperature for inodorus and cantalupensis clusters, while 5.1°C was the best storage temperature of dudaim cluster. The results of the current study are similar to previous reports for optimum storage temperature in similar melon types.
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Soroka, J. J., D. W. Goerzen, K. C. Falk i K. E. Bett. "Alfalfa leafcutting bee (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) pollination of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) under isolation tents for hybrid seed production". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 81, nr 1 (1.01.2001): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p00-081.
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In this 3-yr field study, the activities of alfalfa leafcutting bees (Megachile rotundata Fabricius) (LCB) at varying stocking levels were monitored in shade cloth isolation tents containing male-sterile and male-fertile rows of oilseed rape Brassica napus L. to determine optimum conditions for hybrid seed production. Bumble bees, Bombus impatiens Cresson, were similarly tested in 1 yr; their pollination activities were minimal, and weight of seed produced on female lines in tents containing bumble bees was similar to that in tents without pollinators. Leafcutting bee activity, as measured by the number of female bees at the entrance to tunnels in the hive, at first increased, then decreased with increasing stocking rate. Duration of time spent visiting flowers did not vary with stocking rate, but was longer on male-fertile than on male-sterile flowers. Production of hybrid seed within tents varied with leafcutting bee stocking rate, with the highest seed yield achieved at stocking rates equivalent to three charges at weekly intervals of 400 000 leafcutting bees per hectare. At optimum LCB stocking rates, the method described provided sufficient seed quantity for small-plot multi-location field evaluation of oilseed rape hybrids. Key words: Megachile rotundata, alfalfa leafcutting bee, Bombus impatiens, Brassica napus, oilseed rape, hybrid seed production, isolation tents
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Beáta Boros i Mihály Sárvári. "The effect of NPK fertilization and the plant density on maize yield and bioethanol production". Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, nr 41 (15.12.2010): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/41/2673.
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For industrial (bioethanol) production of maize, a new production technology is needed. I tested and selected hybrids appropriate for this purpose and set up fertilization and plant density experiments. The experiment were set up on chernozem soil in 2008.In bioethanol production, the selection of a high-yielding hybrid with high starch content, a slight reduction of N, increase of potassium, the application of the highest plant densities of the optimum interval, harvest at full maturity (when starch content is the highest compared to protein content) are of great importance.
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Singh, Narendra, Radha Mohan Sharma, Anil Kumar Dubey, Om Prakash Awasthi, Ron Porat, Supradip Saha, Chellapilla Bharadwaj i in. "Harvesting Maturity Assessment of Newly Developed Citrus Hybrids (Citrus maxima Merr. × Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) for Optimum Juice Quality". Plants 12, nr 23 (26.11.2023): 3978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12233978.
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The assessment of the optimum harvesting stage is a prerequisite to evaluating the performance of new citrus genotypes. The intrinsic and extrinsic fruit quality traits of citrus fruits change throughout their developmental process; therefore, to ensure the highest quality, the fruit must be harvested at an appropriate stage of maturity. The biochemical changes in terms of total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), TSS/TA ratio, BrimA (Brix minus acidity), and ascorbic acid, in addition to the organoleptic acceptability of 16 new interspecific citrus hybrids, were evaluated in New Delhi (India) during the H1-H8 harvesting stage at 15-day intervals to standardize the optimum harvesting stage. The TA and ascorbic acid content were at a maximum level during the early harvesting stage and declined with time, reaching the minimum level in the last harvesting stage. The TSS, TSS/TA ratio, and BrimA values were found to have an increasing trend up to the last stage in most of the hybrids. The juice content shows an inclining trend during the initial harvesting observations, followed by stable juice content and then a decline. The BrimA was found to be a better predictor for consumer acceptability compared to the traditional maturity index TSS/TA ratio and, thus, harvesting maturity. Specific TSS, TA, and BrimA values, in addition to the juice percentage and ascorbic acid content, corresponding to the highest hedonic score, were judged as the optimum harvesting stage indicators for an individual hybrid genotype. Among the interspecific hybrids, SCSH-9-10/12, SCSH-11-15/12, and SCSH-17-19/13 were found to be superior, having better juice acceptability organoleptic scores (≥6.0) and higher juice content (≥40%). Principal component analysis based on fruit physico-chemical traits could be able to distinguish the optimum maturity stage in all of the citrus genotypes.
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Zsombik, László. "Changes in the Diaporthe helianthi Infection of Sunflower Hybrids Between 1998 and 2002". Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, nr 10 (11.05.2003): 214–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/10/3498.
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Plant protection, and especially the efficiency of protection against mycosis, is a very important production technological element concerning sunflower. The efficiency of production can be increased on the basis of a thorough pathological survey and its results carried out in a wide variety of hybrids, as the features of hybrids, the reactions of genetic bases to pathogens can be found out under domestic conditions.The tests were carried out at variety-test lots of OMMI for hybrids used for food or oil and other sunflower varieties admitted by the state at the Experimental Site DTTI Látókép, Centre of Agricultural Sciences, University of Debrecen between 1998 and 2002. The number of the tested hybrids was 49 in 1998, 45 in 1999, 49 in 2000, 55 in 2001, and 44 in 2002.Due to the infection source of high amounts remained from 1997 and the favourable weather conditions for the pathogens, an infection of high degree was experienced in the tested stands. The lowest infection index in the hybrids with a very short vegetative period was experienced with Beni hybrids. Comparing to the average of the hybridgroup with short vegetative period, a low infection index characterised the Baleno, Trident, IBH-166, Hysun 321, Resia, Alexandra, Cergold and Pixel hybrids. In 1999, among hybrids with medium vegetative period, Zoltán, Zsuzsa and Util hybrids could be highlighted because of their low infection index. In 1998, among confentionary hybrids, Marica-2 hybrid had the most favourable index values (2,55).During our trials, the experienced infection dynamics were compared in the event of hybrids with higher and lower susceptibility under different sowing technological elements. The results call for the fact that when a hybrid with higher susceptibility is produced, production technological elements, such as the time of sowing, influence considerably the damage caused by the pathogen, therefore it must not be ignored when its determination takes place. In the event of hybrids with lower susceptibility the change of the tested production technological elements within the biological optimum does not lead to the increased risk of the damage caused by Diaporthe helianthi.
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Ergin, Nurgül, i Mehmet Demir Kaya. "Ayçiçeğinin Çimlenme ve Fide Gelişimi Üzerine Kuraklık ve Sıcaklık Streslerinin Etkileri". Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 8, nr 3 (17.03.2020): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i3.598-602.3031.
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This study was aimed to determine the responses of some sunflower hybrids to drought and low temperature stresses during germination and seedling development period. Sunflower hybrids of Sanbro MR, 63LE113, 64LL62 and Meteor were used in the study. Germination percentage, mean germination time, root and shoot length, root / shoot ratio, seedling fresh and dry weight of the sunflower hybrids were investigated at two temperatures (low 15°C and optimum 25°C) and drought stresses (distilled water, -1.5, -3.0, -4.5 and -6.0 bar) induced by polyethylene glycol 6000. The results of the research showed that there were significant differences among the sunflower hybrids in terms of the investigated characteristics. Increased drought stresses led to decreasing germination percentage, root and shoot length, seedling fresh weight, but caused a prolonged germination time and increased seedling dry weight. No significant change was observed in the germination and seedling development of the sunflower up to drought of -3,0 bar. The root / shoot ratio of sunflower hybrids increased at 15°C. The Sanbro MR had the fastest and highest germination along with the highest seedling fresh and dry weight at low temperature and higher drought stresses. It was concluded that sunflower hybrid Sanbro MR gave better performance under drought and low temperature conditions than the other hybrids.
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Boros, Beáta, i Mihály Sárvári. "The effect of plant density on maize yield in average and extremely dry years". Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, nr 32 (21.12.2008): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/32/3013.
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The yield safety of maize has not been satisfactory in Hungary for decades. Yield is influenced by the combination of several factors.In recent years, the frequency of dry years increased and fertilization decreased. These factors call for a rational determination of the plant density.I studied the relationship between plant density and yield in 2003-2004 and 2007 on meadow soil. In 2003, the weather was dry. In the vegetation period, the amount of precipitation was 78.5 mm lower and the temperature was 0.97 °C higher than the average of 30 years, the number of hot days was 47-60 (days with a temperature higher than 30 °C). However, we obtained favourable results under experimental conditions in 2003 after wheat as a forecrop using the fertilizer Kemira Power. The weather in 2004 was favourable. In the vegetation period, the amount of precipitation was 93.2 mm higher than the average of 30 years. Although, the distribution of the precipitation could have been more favourable. The yield of the hybrids ranged between 8.87-10.42 t/ha. Among the studied seven hybrids, the early hybrids gave the highest yield at the highest plant density of 90 thousand plants/ha (PR38Y09, PR38A67, PR37D25, PR37M34). However, FAO 400-500 hybrids gave favourable results also at the low plant density of 45 thousand plants/ha (8-9 t/ha). At this plant density, the aeration of the plant stock was better and the hybrids were prone to bringing several cobs. Yield stagnated with increasing plant density (60 thousand plants/ha), then at 75-90 thousand plants per ha, the yield started to increase again.In 2004 the yield of hybrids was considerably higher than in the previous year. In contrast to yields of 8.87-10.42 t/ha in 2003, yields in 2004 were around 9-12 t/ha.The yield of the hybrid XO 902 P is above 12 t/ha already at a plant density of 45 thousand plants/ha. It gives maximum yield at the plant density of 90 thousand plants/ha.The hybrid PR38P92 showed a good response to changing plant density, but its yield was only 9 t/ha at the low plant density value.In a favourable year, the yield of the hybrids PR38B85, PR37W05, PR37D25, PR37K85 at a plant density of 45 thousand plants/ha 11 t/ha, while at the higher plant density of 90 thousand plants/ha, it ranges around 13-15 t/ha.
Hybrids PR36K20, PR35Y54, PR34H31 have a good individual yield and they are prone to bringing several cobs in favourable years at a low plant density. Their maximum yield at the plant density of 90 thousand plants/ha is almost 16 t/ha.In 2007, the weather was similar to that of the extremely dry year of 2003. The amount of precipitation in the vegetation period was 41.9 mm lower than the average of 30 years and its distribution was not favourable either.In the optimum NPK fertilizer treatment at an optimum plant density, the yield of hybrids ranged between 9.32-10.73 t/ha. The highest yields of 10.22-10.73 t/ha were measured for hybrids PR38A79 (FAO 300) and PR35F73 at a relatively low plant density of 60 thousand plants/ha.In the average of the hybrids, the optimum NPK dosage was N 131, P2O5 82, K2O 93 kg/ha active ingredient.
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Lajos Gábor Karancsi, Lajos Fülöp Dóka i Péter Pepó. "Examination of Hybrid-specific nutrient supply at corn on chernozem soli". Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, nr 48 (31.07.2012): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/48/2460.
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The effect of increasing fertilizer dosages on the yield of eight different maize hybrids (SY Ondina, NK Kansas, NK Lucius, NK Octet, NK Thermo, SY Flovita, SY Brillio, NX 47279) has been investigated in the crop-year of 2011. According to our results it can be stated that contrarily to the control treatment the application of different nutrient-levels has resulted a significant yield increment (2 000–5 800 kg ha-1).Based upon the results of this experiment we have drawn the conclusion that the nutrient level of 120 kg N+PK was the optimal for the investigated hybrids. The highest yield (14 475 kg ha-1–15 963 kg ha-1) of the hybrids with different genotypes has been produced in case of this fertilizer treatment. With the comparison of the control and the optimum-fertilizer treatments the yield-increasing effect of mineral fertilization and the different reaction of hybrids towards increasing fertilizer dosages have been proven. In case of the control treatments the best-yielding hybrids were NK Thermo (11 917 kg ha-1) and NX 47279 (11 617 kg ha-1). Contrarily on the optimal nutrient supply level the hybrids SY Brillio (15 876 kg ha-1) and NX 47279 (15 963 kg ha-1) have produced the highest yields. Summarizing, we can state that the hybrid NX 47279 has resulted stable and high yields in the fertilized treatments. Analysing the yield-increasing effect of 1 kg fertilizer active substance it was proven, that the hybrids SY Flovita (45.43 kg ha-1), SY Brillio (44.47 kg ha-1) and NX 47279 (42.33 kg ha-1) had a good reaction towards even lower nutrient supply levels as well. In case of the control treatment the average water utilization coefficient of the hybrids was significantly lower (35.2 kg mm-1), than in case of the optimal nutrient supply level (N120+PK) treatments (48.9 kg mm-1).Therefore the hybrid specific difference between the water utilization of genotypes could be revealed.
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Pang, K. K., i T. K. Tan. "Optimum loop filter in hybrid coders". IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 4, nr 2 (kwiecień 1994): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/76.285622.
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Kumari, Shruti, S. K. Chakrabarty, Debashis Paul, Y. Singh, P. K. Bhowmick i A. S. Hari Prasad. "Variability and heterosis of seed vigour traits in hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.)". Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding (The) 83, nr 02 (27.07.2023): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31742/isgpb.83.2.2.
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The cultivars with high seed vigor are desirable for farmers to establish optimum plant stand under sub-optimal field conditions. The basic physiological processes are required to understand the hybrid vigor phenomenon, particularly for seed vigor and associated characteristics. Limited information on seed vigor in rice hybrids and their parental lines in relation to physical, physiological and biochemical characters are available. Three released rice hybrids and their respective female (A), maintainer (B) and restorer/male (R) lines were assessed for physical, physiological and biochemical traits related to seed vigor. Significant differences were found among the three rice hybrids and its parental lines for 100 seed weight, weight of kernel, husk, endosperm and embryo. Germination percentage, seed vigor index-I and seed vigor index-II were highly significant among female and male lines and hybrids in fresh seed because of potential heterosis in hybrids. Higher activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes such as catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in hybrids was estimated as compared to that of their parental lines. The study showed the presence of the genetic variability, phenotypic, genotypic and environmental coefficient of variation, heritability, genetic advance and heterosis for seed vigor traits in three rice hybrids and its parental lines. A favorable combination of seed vigor traits would be useful to develop desired variety and hybrids with superior seed vigour for realizing higher grain yield and better adaptability in any condition.
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Hadi, G. "Optimum harvest date of maize for biogas and silage purposes". Acta Agronomica Hungarica 57, nr 2 (1.06.2009): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.57.2009.2.3.
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The dry matter and moisture contents of the aboveground vegetative organs and kernels of four maize hybrids were studied in Martonvásár at five harvest dates, with four replications per hybrid. The dry matter yield per hectare of the kernels and other plant organs were investigated in order to obtain data on the optimum date of harvest for the purposes of biogas and silage production.It was found that the dry mass of the aboveground vegetative organs, both individually and in total, did not increase after silking. During the last third of the ripening period, however, a significant reduction in the dry matter content was sometimes observed as a function of the length of the vegetation period. The data suggest that, with the exception of extreme weather conditions or an extremely long vegetation period, the maximum dry matter yield could be expected to range from 22–42%, depending on the vegetation period of the variety. The harvest date should be chosen to give a kernel moisture content of above 35% for biogas production and below 35% for silage production. In this phenophase most varieties mature when the stalks are still green, so it is unlikely that transport costs can be reduced by waiting for the vegetative mass to dry.
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Hayashi, Koichiro, Toshifumi Shimizu, Hidefumi Asano, Wataru Sakamoto i Toshinobu Yogo. "Synthesis of spinel iron oxide nanoparticle/organic hybrid for hyperthermia". Journal of Materials Research 23, nr 12 (grudzień 2008): 3415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2008.0417.
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Size-controlled spinel iron oxide (SIO) nanoparticle/organic hybrid was synthesized in situ from iron (III) allylacetylacetonate (IAA) at around 80 °C. The formation of SIO particles chemically bound with organics was confirmed by infrared and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The sizes of SIO nanoparticles in the hybrids were monodispersed and ranged from 7 to 23 nm under controlled hydrolysis conditions. The hybrid including SIO particles of 7.3 nm was superparamagnetic, whereas those dispersed with particles above 11 nm were ferrimagnetic. The specific absorption rate (SAR) value was dependent upon the magnetic properties of the hybrid at 100 Oe. The SAR was 15.2 W g−1 in a 230 kHz alternating magnetic field and 100 Oe when the crystallite size of SIO particle in the hybrid was 16 nm. The temperatures of agars dispersed with hybrid powders of 5 and 8 mg ml−1 reached the optimum temperature (42 °C) for 17 and 8 min, respectively. The increase in temperature was controlled in terms of the strength of magnetic field. The simulation of heat transfer in the agar phantom model revealed that the suitable temperature distribution for therapy was attained from 15 to 20 min at 230 kHz and 100 Oe.
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Boros, Beáta, i Mihály Sárvári. "Development of maize production technology that increase the efficiency of bioethanol production". Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, nr 36 (2.11.2009): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/36/2788.
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Maize is one of the most important crops worldwide and also in Hungary, it can be utilized for multiple purposes: as a feedingstuff, for human nutrition and for industrial processing. In the last decades, the per ha yield of maize varied greatly in Hungary, between 2004 and 2006, it was 6.82-7.56 t/ha, while in 2007, it was only 3.6 t/ha. Resulting from this, the price of maize became 2-2.5 times higher. The high price hinders bioethanol production. The largest per ton amount of bioethanol, 387 l, can be produced from maize.In addition to its classical utilization as feed and food, the industrial use (especially for bioethanol production) of maize is increasin.For industrial production, a new production technology is needed. I tested and selected hybrids appropriate for this purpose and set up fertilization and plant density experiments. The experiment were set up on chernozem soil in 2007.The applied fertilization treatment was N 120, P2O5 80 uniformly, and five different dosages of potassium: K2O 0, K2O 100 (KCl), K2O 100 (Kornkáli), K2O 200 (KCl), K2O 200 (Kornkáli) kg/ha active ingredient. The applied plant densities were 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 thousand plants/ha.The yield of maize hybrids in the fertilization experiment ranged between 10.53 – 14.62 t/ha. Both regarding the form and dosage, 100 kg/ha Kornkáli proved to be the best potassium treatment. Regarding the inner content parameters, the highest starch content in the average of treatments was obtained for the hybrid PR36K67: 73.57%, and its yield was also the highest, so this hybrid proved to be the most suitable for bioethanol production. The highest protein content was observed for the hybrids KWS 353 (12.13%), which can be favourable for feeding purposes.Most of the hybrids gave the highest yield at 80 thousand plants/ha plant density, however, hybrids PR36K67 and Mv Tarján achieved the highest yield at 90 thousand plants/ha.In bioethanol production, the selection of a high-yielding hybrid with high starch content, a slight reduction of N, increase of potassium, the application of the highest plant densities of the optimum interval, harvest at full maturity (when starch content is the highest compared to protein content) are of great importance.
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Umar, B. D. "Strain comparison on reproductive performance, growth and survival in two wild Clarias Gariepinus (Burchell 1822) and their reciprocal hybrids". Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 12, nr 1 (15.04.2020): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v12i1.44s.
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A strain comparison experiments was carried out in wild Clarias gariepinus with the aim of evaluating the reproductive performance, (in terms of percentage fertility and hatchability) growth and survival for choice of strain in selective breeding. Live samples of wild C. gariepinus collected from River Argungu, Kebbi state (KB) and Eleyele dam, Oyo state (OY), Nigeria were crossbred and mated in pure parental and reciprocal crosses generating four mating combinations (generic crosses) replicated three times in completely randomized design (CRD) manner. The F1 generations were reared indoor for 56 days. The hybrids revealed higher characters compared to the progeny of pure parental groups in fertilization rate (84.000±0.270%; 78.265±0.135% compared to 88.400±0.130%; 71.465±0.265%), hatching (77.305±0.405%;72.235±0.465% compared to 80.995±0.025%; 64.555±0.615%) and survival of larvae (100.000±0.000%; 98.582±1.418% compared to 98.840±0.581%; 73.371±0.157%). On the other hand, fertilization and hatching rate among the hybrids and the pure crosses were statistically significant (P<0.05). Similarly, significant difference (P<0.05) was observed between the two reciprocal hybrids. However, the hybrid crosses showed intermediate characters between the pure crosses in mean weight gain (MWG), specific growth rate (SGR) and survival of fingerlings. Though the crosses of pure Oyo species displayed significantly higher value in MWG (5.583±0.058g) and SGR (10.319±0.051g) than other groups, fingerling survival (73.371±0.157%) was found to be lowest. The growth parameters like MWG (4.884±0.001g) and SGR (10.231±0.130g) of the hybrids of Oyo fingerlings were found to be higher than pure Kebbi crosses, while survival (100.000±0.000%) of hybrid of Kebbi fingerlings were higher than pure Kebbi (98.840±0.581%). Therefore, this is considered as heterosis (hybrid vigour) for the hybrids they have achieved better traits either one of the pure groups. Intra-specific cross of female wild C. gariepinus from Kebbi and male wild C. gariepinus from Oyo (KB♀ × OY♂) be practiced for optimum performance used in commercial production. This will ensure high fertility, hatchability, growth and survival rate.
Key words: Clarias gariepinus, growth, reproductive performance, Strain comparison, survival.