Artykuły w czasopismach: „Option appraisal”

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Tokede, Olubukola O., Peter E. D. Love i Dominic D. Ahiaga-Dagbui. "Life cycle option appraisal in retrofit buildings". Energy and Buildings 178 (listopad 2018): 279–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.08.034.

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Gulabyan, A. "The Appraisal of Assets’ Fair Value Using the Real Options Technique". Review of Business and Economics Studies 8, nr 2 (1.03.2021): 43–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2308-944x-2020-8-2-43-76.

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The goal of this paper is to analyse and systematise the possible approaches to real options valuation, especially when considering the practical aspects of their application in real-life valuation problems. Therefore, the paper sets the following tasks: To outline the concept of fair value and analyse the traditional approaches to its calculation in the context of asset valuation To define the real-option approach to fair value estimation and analyse its theoretical background To determine the role of the real options approach in the traditional system of valuation techniques To analyse the practical aspects of their application in valuation problems considering the corresponding examples To provide the real-life example of this technique applied in current market conditions using the recent data. The object of this research is the option pricing models, and the subject is their application in estimation of real options embedded in corporate valuations, particularly considering the side.

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McAlister, Denise. "Option appraisal: Turning an art into a science?" Public Money & Management 10, nr 4 (grudzień 1990): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540969009387627.

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Mooney, Gavin, i John Henderson. "OPTION APPRAISAL IN THE UK NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE". Financial Accountability and Management 2, nr 3 (wrzesień 1986): 187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0408.1986.tb00035.x.

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Cruz Rambaud, Salvador, i Ana María Sánchez Pérez. "Assessing the Option to Abandon an Investment Project by the Binomial Options Pricing Model". Advances in Decision Sciences 2016 (1.03.2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7605909.

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Usually, traditional methods for investment project appraisal such as the net present value (hereinafter NPV) do not incorporate in their values the operational flexibility offered by including a real option included in the project. In this paper, real options, and more specifically the option to abandon, are analysed as a complement to cash flow sequence which quantifies the project. In this way, by considering the existing analogy with financial options, a mathematical expression is derived by using the binomial options pricing model. This methodology provides the value of the option to abandon the project within one, two, and in general n periods. Therefore, this paper aims to be a useful tool in determining the value of the option to abandon according to its residual value, thus making easier the control of the uncertainty element within the project.

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Laird, James, Karst Geurs i Chris Nash. "Option and non-use values and rail project appraisal". Transport Policy 16, nr 4 (sierpień 2009): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2009.05.002.

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FURNELL, JAMIE, MARC BINNS, BRUCE NAPIER i STEPHEN WHITE. "The Professional Representation of Clinical Psychologists: An Option Appraisal". Clinical Psychology Forum 1, nr 19 (luty 1989): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpf.1989.1.19.38.

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Tassang, Andrew, Nana Njamen T, Assop, Tassang Thierry, Njamen Nana CJ, Ngum Fru Paulette i Cho Frederick Nchang. "Early Appraisal of Option B+ In Tiko Health District- Cameroon". International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 8, nr 08 (24.08.2020): 396–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v8i08.mp03.

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Introduction: Cameroon in 2014 had a HIV prevalence rate of 4.6 %. It is estimated that about 90% of new infections occur as a result of heterosexual relations. In 2010 in Cameroon, 7,300 babies were estimated to be born HIV positive due to mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Faced with these realities, Cameroon has been stepping up its response steadily from Option A then B and now Option B+. To have an early appraisal of the Option B+ approach as far as the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) is concerned in the Tiko health district- Cameroon. Methodology: This cross-sectional hospital based study was carried out in Tiko from the 1st of December 2015 to the 31st of August 2016. With the use of a questionnaire, a total of 111 women whose infants underwent the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test at six weeks were surveyed. Univariate and bivariate data analysis were performed with CDC- Epi-Info 7.2.2.6. Results: Out of 111 women included in this study, only 2 (1.8%) babies had a positive PCR test. Two cases of infected babies were realised in the study, 1 in each of the first two trimesters of pregnancy. It could probably be due to the fact that, these women got infected while they were already pregnant or maybe before their introduction to the Option B+. However, the infectious rate was similar to that of women on tritherapy. Interventions like the use of Antiretroviral (ART) drugs by infected pregnant women, safe delivery practices and safe infant feeding helped reduce the risk of transmission to infants (from 40% to 5%). Conclusion: The infection rate of 1.8 % is similar to those of women who are on tritherapy in many studies. Despite the fact that the implementation of option B+ looks more onerous, the long term benefits as far as cost effectiveness is concerned looks laudable. Thus this strategy should be adopted in resource restricted countries.

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Kayan, Brit Anak, Alan M. Forster i Phillip F. G. Banfill. "Green Maintenance for historic masonry buildings: an option appraisal approach". Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 5, nr 2 (4.07.2016): 143–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sasbe-05-2015-0010.

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Purpose – Sustainability is well understood to encapsulate economic, environmental and societal parameters. The efficiency of maintenance interventions for historic buildings is no exception and also conforms to these broad factors. Recently, environmental considerations for masonry repair have become increasingly important and this work supports this growing area. The purpose of this paper is to give insight on how an option appraisal approach of “Green Maintenance” modelling for historic masonry buildings repair practically determine and ultimately substantiate the decision-making process using a calculation procedures of life cycle assessment, within delineated boundaries. Design/methodology/approach – Calculation procedures of the model enables an assessment of embodied carbon that is expended from different stone masonry wall repair techniques and scenarios for historic masonry buildings during the maintenance phase. Findings – It recognises the importance roles Green Maintenance model can play in reducing carbon emissions and underpins rational decision making for repair selection. Practical implications – It must be emphasised that the calculation procedures presented here, is not confined to historic masonry buildings and can be applied to any repair types and building form. The decisions made as a result of the utilisation of this model practically support environmentally focused conservation decisions. Social implications – The implementation of the model highlights the efficacy of repairs that may be adopted. Originality/value – The paper is a rigorous application and testing of the Green Maintenance model. The model relays the “true” carbon cost of repairs contextualised within the longevity of the materials and its embodied carbon that consequently allows rational appraisal of repair and maintenance options.

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Blakemore, F. B., C. Davies i K. Jones. "Combined heat and power, economies of scale and option appraisal". Utilities Policy 5, nr 3-4 (lipiec 1995): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0957-1787(95)00024-0.

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Tappenden, P., J. Chilcott, S. Eggington, H. Sakai, J. Karnon i J. Patnick. "Option appraisal of population-based colorectal cancer screening programmes in England". Gut 56, nr 5 (1.05.2007): 677–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.2006.095109.

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Åhman, Max. "Biomethane in the transport sector—An appraisal of the forgotten option". Energy Policy 38, nr 1 (styczeń 2010): 208–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.09.007.

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Harvey, Hamish, Jim Hall i Roger Peppé. "Computational decision analysis for flood risk management in an uncertain future". Journal of Hydroinformatics 14, nr 3 (4.10.2011): 537–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2011.055.

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Flood risk management is in many countries a major expense, and while the returns on this investment, in terms of risk reduction, are also high, the process of developing and choosing between management options is of critical importance. New sources of data and the falling cost of computation have made possible new approaches to options appraisal. The state of the art has a number of limitations, however. We present a comprehensive but parsimonious framework for computational decision analysis in flood risk management that addresses these issues. At its core is a simple but flexible model of change on the decadal time scale of typical option appraisals, including the management interventions that are the subject of decision along with influences, such as climate change, that are independent of the processes of flood risk management. A fully integrated performance model is developed, estimating both costs and benefits. Uncertainty analysis can thereby be applied to performance metrics of direct interest to stakeholders. We illustrate the framework with an implementation for a hypothetical flood risk management decision. We discuss possible variants of the framework that could be extended to fields other than flood risk management.

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Saunders, Greg, i Matthew Poole. "Offshore concept field development". APPEA Journal 55, nr 2 (2015): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj14089.

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This extended abstract describes the field development concept selection process for Karoon Gas Australia, as part of the appraisal and commercialisation of an oil resource in offshore Brazil. From an engineering design perspective, the concept selection phase offers the greatest opportunity to create project value. Options must be carefully considered before rigorous investigation to provide a firm foundation for key decisions. The concept selection study and option consideration began with a two-day framing and option identification workshop. Nine key decisions were identified as having significant impact on the feasibility and cost of the development. These included the wellhead type, hydrate management strategy, floating production storage and offloading vessel (FPSO) capacity, FPSO location, mooring type, subsea architecture, product export and expansion provisions. Assessment criteria were agreed on for each of the key technical decisions; these were applied in the evaluation of options defined. This workshop facilitated definition and agreement for the technical study scope. The subsequent investigation and selection process focused on the key development decisions that needed to be made immediately, compared to those that could be made at a later stage of the development. These decisions encompassed technical viability, dry trees versus wet trees, flow assurance, mooring type and processing capacity. A geologically complex reservoir drove many elements of the development selection process. This extended abstract highlights that the final solution balances risk management with maximising project value. The recommended base development concept is analogous to many developments already implemented in Brazil and is flexible enough to accommodate a realistic range of outcomes from future appraisal wells.

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Cordelia, Tito. "Trade Liberalization and Oligopolistic Industries: A Welfare Appraisal". Recherches économiques de Louvain 59, nr 3 (1993): 354–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0770451800008459.

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SummaryIf intra-industry trade liberalisation increases ”world” welfare, it is nevertheless true that one country should be better off in autarky. The crucial parameters for evaluating the convenience of liberalizing intra-industry trade are the relative dimensions of domestic and foreign market and industry. The prescription of free trade as a unilateral option is valid only if foreign competition is very strong, and only in this case consumers' gains offset producers' losses. If policy makers play a non-cooperative game in trade policies, free trade cannot be a Nash equilibrium of the game.

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Florio, Massimo. "Cost-Benefit Analysis and the Control of Public Expenditure: An Assessment of British Experience in the 1980s". Journal of Public Policy 10, nr 2 (kwiecień 1990): 103–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00004785.

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ABSTRACTThis paper examines approaches to public investment appraisal as theyare currently recommended in the British Treasury and implemented byevaluation units within the Department of Health, Department of Transport and the Home Office. The evidence suggests that spending departments have reacted to the pressure for increased selectivity in their expenditures by adopting a heterogeneous blend of appraisal techniques, including financial analysis, cost-effectiveness and option appraisal, withcost-benefit analysis eventually playing a minor role. The imposition of cash limits rations capital expenditures. When these constraints bite departments differently, either a unique social discount rate for projectappraisal is inappropriate or the rations themselves are giving wrong signals to the departments The departments do not have an incentive todevote time and effort to cost benefit analysis and other techniques of a more limited scope are implemented.

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Meredith, Gerald M., i Earle D. Schmitz. "Seminar Appraisal by Student Group Leaders and Participants in a Teaching/Learning Option". Psychological Reports 59, nr 2 (październik 1986): 921–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1986.59.2.921.

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Sajko, Tomislav, Kresimir Rotim, Biljana Kurtovic, Cecilija Rotim i Ante Rotim. "Prospective randomized appraisal of the best pain relief option after L4/L5 discectomy". Neurological Research 42, nr 12 (27.07.2020): 1003–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2020.1796383.

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Lang, David M. "A critical appraisal of omalizumab as a therapeutic option for chronic refractory urticaria/angioedema". Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 112, nr 4 (kwiecień 2014): 276–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2014.01.019.

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Bardos, R. Paul, Hayley F. Thomas, Jonathan W. N. Smith, Nicola D. Harries, Frank Evans, Richard Boyle, Trevor Howard i in. "Sustainability assessment framework and indicators developed by SuRF‐UK for land remediation option appraisal". Remediation Journal 31, nr 1 (9.10.2020): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rem.21668.

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Ridderinkhof, K. Richard. "Emotion in Action: A Predictive Processing Perspective and Theoretical Synthesis". Emotion Review 9, nr 4 (8.08.2017): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073916661765.

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Starting from a decidedly Frijdian perspective on emotion in action, we adopt neurocognitive theories of action control to analyze the mechanisms through which emotional action arises. Appraisal of events vis-à-vis concerns gives rise to a determinate motive to establish a specific state of the world; the pragmatic idea of the action’s effects incurs the valuation of action options and a change in action readiness in the form of incipient ideomotor capture of the selected action. Forward modeling of the sensory consequences of the selected action option allows for the evaluation and fine-tuning of anticipated action effects, which renders the emotional action impulsive yet purposive. This novel theoretical synthesis depicts the cornerstone principles for a mechanistic view on emotion in action.

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Wijayanto, Pikir Wisnu. "APPRAISAL SYSTEM ON THE JAKARTA POST OPINION “A HUMAN RIGHTS MEMORIAL: JOKOWI AND THE SORCERER’S STONE”". Vision: Journal for Language and Foreign Language Learning 5, nr 1 (1.04.2016): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/vjv5i1865.

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<div class="WordSection1">This study aims at examining the meaning of text in detail through metafunctions analysis with appraisal systems. The appraisal system is deployed in order to explore texts in detail from the perspectives of discourse semantics developed by James Martin and David Rose (2003). The data is taken from the opinion article column of the Jakarta Post (a national English newspaper in Indonesia), published on Thursday, October 23rd, 2014. The article entitled “A Human Rights Memorial: Jokowi and the Sorcerer’s Stone” written by Barikatul Hikmah. According to the appraisal systems of attitude text, the writer uses more positive option for affect the reader than the negative options. The dominant positive options are used in order to express the writer’s opinions, suggestions, and expectation to the Jokowi’s government, in term of Jokowi’s commitment to human rights enforcement and the importance of building a human rights memorial. The direct opinion for affect in emotional states category used around 13 expressions, and 4 words and phrases for showing the physical expressions. The implicit opinion of clause used in this article consist of 2 extraordinary behavior expressions and 3 metaphors expressions. In the amplifying of (gradable) attitudes text, the article is expressing the force of attitudes (intensifiers) that make it possible for us to compare things or to say how strongly we feel about someone or something by making comparison to others. Related to the source of attitude analysis, the text is a narrative with some clauses containing the affect values. The writer can be said to be fully responsible for all of the evaluation, and the sources of attitudes are attributable to the writer’s expectation.</div>

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Parashar, Dr Suhasini. "The Economic Behavior Theory -The Nudge Theory : An Appraisal". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRANSFORMATIONS IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT 12, nr 01 (2022): 053–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37648/ijtbm.v12i01.003.

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The behavioral economics is making a significant impact on economic theory and economic policy. Behavioral economics with intuitive appeal, seeks to work with human limitations. Nudge theory becomes an important aspect to study about behavioral economics, political theory and behavioral sciences, as ways to influence the behavior and decision-making of groups or individuals. Nudge theory explains consumer behavior can be influenced by small suggestions and positive views. Nudges decrease low market performance, save the Government money, encourage the actions and help to increase the efficiency of resource use and their effect. Nudge helps to choose an option socially desirable beneficial for better public healthcare, civic sense and social harmony. Humans being need encouragement or intervention as nudge to do what is best for the country or society at large .

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O'Donovan, James. "Is targeting beta-amyloid pathology, with immunotherapy, an effective treatment option for Alzheimer's disease?" Reviews in Clinical Gerontology 21, nr 4 (25.05.2011): 340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959259811000141.

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SummaryAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the commonest form of dementia, estimated to affect 37 million people worldwide. Currently there is nothing to halt the progression of AD – treatment focuses largely on slowing the development of symptoms. More recently disease-modifying interventions, such as immunotherapy, have been investigated as their aim is to halt or even reverse symptoms by removing β-amyloid (Aβ) pathology. This paper assesses the developments made in this particular field, offers critical appraisal of important papers and assesses the viability of this potential form of treatment.

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Polak, Tobias B., David GJ Cucchi, Jonathan J. Darrow i Matthijs M. Versteegh. "Incremental benefits of novel pharmaceuticals in the UK: a cross-sectional analysis of NICE technology appraisals from 2010 to 2020". BMJ Open 12, nr 4 (kwiecień 2022): e058279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058279.

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ObjectivesTo evaluate the incremental value of new drugs across disease areas receiving favourable coverage decisions by the UK’s National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) over the past decade.Design, setting, and participantsThis cross-sectional study assessed favourable appraisal decisions of drugs between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2020. Estimates of incremental benefit were extracted from NICE’s evidence review groups reports.Primary outcome measureIncremental benefit of novel drugs relative to the best alternative therapeutic option, expressed in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs).Results184 appraisals of 129 drugs provided QALYs. The median incremental value was 0.27 QALY (IQR: 0.07–0.73). Benefits varied across drug-indication pairs (range: −0.49 to 5.22 QALY). The highest median benefits were found in haematology (0.70, IQR: 0.55–1.22) and oncology (0.46, IQR: 0.20–0.88), the lowest in ophthalmology (0.09, IQR: 0.04–0.22) and endocrinology (0.02, IQR: 0.01–0.06). Eight appraisals (4.3%) found contributions of more than two QALYs, but one in four (50/184) drug-indication pairs provided less than the equivalent of 1 month in perfect health compared to existing treatments.ConclusionsIn our review period, the median incremental value of novel drugs approved for use within the English National Health System, relative to the best alternative therapeutic option, was equivalent to 3–4 months of life in perfect health, but data were heterogeneous. Objective evaluations of therapeutic value helps patients and physicians to develop reasonable expectations of drugs and delivers insights into disease areas where medicinal therapeutic progress has had the most and least impact.

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Grissom, Terry V., James N. Berry i Lay Cheng J. Lim. "Economics of development strategies utilising option and portfolio analytics". Journal of European Real Estate Research 3, nr 2 (20.07.2010): 117–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17539261011062600.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to integrate land use and option pricing theories using case study analyses to compare a portfolio of uses comprising single and mixed‐use development on the same site and assess the effects on the risk‐return profile of potential development schemes. The integration of land use development based on highest and best use (HBU) is tested against a combination of uses on the selected sites at a point in time in the downswing of the real estate cycle.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed methodology integrates the development valuation approach with option theory in which both consider the relationships of cost and value associated with alternative development options. The approach used in this paper addresses the broader consideration of project coordination inclusive of land use flexibility and opportunity costs endogenously associated with development strategies. By investigating the uncertainty of economic options specific to the development process, the methodology considers the significance of complementary components of strategic decisions and entrepreneurial effort within a return/risk management strategy.FindingsThe stochastic model when compared to the real option model enhances strategic decisions and development project management by allowing the consideration of single/mixed‐use alternatives. The development process is facilitated by the research findings whereby alternative uses are tested to maximise the potential use of the site. The analyses consider optimal funding strategies in developing and investing for a range of use options on regeneration sites.Practical implicationsThe significant insights apparent from the research is the quantification of the strategic specification of development as a productive process and an investment endeavour. The proposed model enables a comparison of a HBU based on a single development, a mixed‐use development or a combination of uses as the difference between the scenarios impacts on land value and profit measures, especially where these measures are calculated as distributive residuals.Originality/valueThe stochastic model developed in this paper provides a value‐added contribution to real estate literature by considering the complexity of the interrelationships between urban land economics, land use theory, valuation appraisal methodologies, portfolio analysis and option pricing as applied in the development of regeneration schemes.

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Penn-Newman, Daniel, Sarah Shaw, Donna Congalton, Sofia Strommer, Taylor Morris, Wendy Lawrence, Debbie Chase i in. "How well do national and local policies in England relevant to maternal and child health meet the international standard for non-communicable disease prevention? A policy analysis". BMJ Open 8, nr 11 (listopad 2018): e022062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022062.

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Objectives(1) To identify national policies for England and local policies for Southampton City that are relevant to maternal and child health. (2) To quantify the extent to which these policies meet the international standards for nutrition and physical activity initiatives set out in the WHO Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases (WHO Action Plan).DesignThe policy appraisal process involved three steps: (1) identifying policy documents relevant to maternal and infant health, (2) developing a policy appraisal framework from the WHO Action Plan, and (3) analysing the policies using the framework.SettingEngland and Southampton City.Participants57 national and 10 local policies.ResultsAcross both national and local policies, priority areas supporting public health processes, such as evidence-based practice, were adopted more frequently than the action-oriented areas targeting maternal and child dietary and physical activity behaviours. However, the policy option managing conflicts of interest was rarely considered in the national policies (12%), particularly in white papers or evidence-based guidelines. For the action-oriented priority areas, maternal health policy options were more frequently considered than those related to child health or strengthening health systems. Complementary feeding guidance (9%) and workforce training in empowerment skills (14%) were the least frequent action-oriented policy options adopted among the national policies. The maternal nutrition-focused and workforce development policy options were least frequent among local policies adopted in 10% or fewer. Macroenvironmental policy options tended to have a lower priority than organisational or individual options among national policies (p=0.1) but had higher priority among local policies (p=0.02).ConclusionsFurther action is needed to manage conflicts of interest and adopt policy options that promote a system-wide approach to address non-communicable diseases caused by poor diet and physical inactivity.

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Heard, D. M., i S. J. Grenfell. "GROWTH, PROTECTION AND VALUE REALISATION USING DERIVATIVES". APPEA Journal 44, nr 1 (2004): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj03042.

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Oil and gas producers are familiar with the use of derivatives to hedge oil price risk.Beyond this, derivatives provide opportunities to enhance more general corporate finance activities.An example is raising finance for acquisitions or developments. When the maximum senior debt has been obtained, the choice between equity funding or other sources (such as subordinated debt) should also consider the up-front cash available from a structured derivative program—this may lower the overall cost of capital for the acquirer, and directly improve equity returns through lower dilution.A notable aspect of oil and gas production businesses is the high degree of embedded optionality. Option pricing methods can be used to value and monetise these real options—creating a new source of finance by transferring part of this embedded optionality to a party which can explicitly value and trade it.Generating value from real options (such as the opportunity to develop a proven, undeveloped reserve) can represent a critical source of finance.The value of such development assets is not fully recognised by traditional lending banks when the final investment decision remains some way off.By contrast, monetising real option value can provide funds at a point where they can be applied to appraisal drilling, thus funding the development of the project to a point where conventional debt or project-secured debt becomes feasible.Companies with both existing unhedged future production and a portfolio of PUD real options are best-placed to benefit from this source of finance.

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Babawale, GK, i A. Alabi. "An Appraisal of ‘Developer-Finance’ Option for the Redevelopment of Family Properties in Lagos, Nigeria". Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management 7, nr 1 (13.02.2014): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ejesm.v7i1.2.

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Beck, A., T. J. Croudace, S. Singh i G. Harrison. "The Nottingham Acute Bed Study: Alternatives to acute psychiatric care". British Journal of Psychiatry 170, nr 3 (marzec 1997): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.170.3.247.

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BackgroundAlthough modern psychiatric services seek alternatives to hospitalisation wherever appropriate, the national trend toward higher bed occupancies on acute psychiatric wards has refocused attention on community-based alternatives and methods of assessing reed for acute care.MethodWe surveyed key decision makers in a community-oriented district service with a low acute psychiatric bed to population ratio, in order to examine alternatives to hospitalisation in a cohort of consecutive admissions over a six-month period.ResultsAlternatives to acute ward hospitalisation were identified for 29% of admissions, and for 42% of those with an admission duration of more than 60 days. Residential options were chosen more often than intensive community support. Simulated bed day savings were considerable.ConclusionsIn a community-oriented service, key decision-makers could identify further alternatives to acute ward hospitalisation, although relatively few non-residential, community support options were chosen. Although this methodology has limitations, data based upon keyworker judgements probably have greater local ‘ownership’, and the option appraisal process itself may challenge stereotyped patterns of resource use.

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Cho, Myeonghwan, i Jaebum Jun. "Appraisal of CMOs(Collateralized-Mortgage Obligations): Focused on Default Risk". Korea Real Estate Policy Association 23, nr 1 (30.06.2022): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.54091/krepa.2022.23.1.2.

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This study empirically analyzed whether real estate policies have a significant effect on housing sales, jeonse prices, and land sales prices using MBS is not active in Korea due to difficulties in evaluation. In the appraisal of MBS, the default risk is a cost that someone has to bear even if the government agency removes it through relevant guarantees. In this study, five CMOs data are evaluated and analyzed through the financial model developed based on traditional capital budgeting theory, option pricing theory, and Cho & Jun(2019)’s model recognizing that housing price fluctuation is an important factor affecting the default risk in MBS. Finally, the results drawn from this study help provide a theoretical framework for the valuation of MBS and show relevant implications for rational decision-making to MBS-related entities.

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Silman, Daniel. "How effective is augmentation with psychotherapy as a next-step option for treatment-resistant depression?" BJPsych Advances 26, nr 5 (25.08.2020): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bja.2020.51.

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SUMMARYDetermining the optimum next-step treatment for the numerous patients with depression who do not adequately respond to an initial trial of medication remains a source of uncertainty in clinical practice. Although a number of psychological treatments are known to be effective for depression, their relative merits in the treatment-resistant group have not been ascertained. The Cochrane Collaboration has recently published a meta-analysis of the evidence available for the use of various psychotherapies as an adjunct to antidepressants compared with antidepressants alone in treatment-resistant depression. This article provides a commentary and appraisal of the clinical utility of these findings.

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Vlachý, Jan, i František Freiberg. "Deriving an Economic Model for the Production of New Materials". Applied Mechanics and Materials 718 (grudzień 2014): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.718.3.

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This paper introduces a comprehensive economic model, developed for the assessment of nanomaterials production and application under the international SHYMAN project. Its major challenges include uncertainties relating to estimates of future demand for particular materials and final products, as well as accession of new commercial applications and reactions of competitors. These are being addressed by the innovative combined use of life cycle costing and real option appraisal within the framework of a statistical simulation model.

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Hu, Juan, Zhi Bin Liu i Kai Qi Zou. "Comprehensive Evaluation Model of Grey Fuzzy on Oilfield Development Program". Key Engineering Materials 474-476 (kwiecień 2011): 484–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.474-476.484.

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Based on the characteristic of oilfield development programs, we comprehensive analyzed the influence of development and economical factors on development program, and constructed a comparative evaluation factors system of oilfield development program. In addition, based on the comparative analysis of grey theory and fuzzy evaluation, a grey-fuzzy appraisal method was set up and successfully applied to the evaluation of oilfield development programs. Grey theory was used to describe the factors that are difficult to quantification, and the analytic hierarchy process was used to confirm the appraisal factor’s weight and grey level. Furthermore, we chose eight development programs of an oilfield as our evaluation target and get an option sequence by using the grey-fuzzy method. The result shows that, grey-fuzzy methods have more advantage than fuzzy method in the evaluation of oilfield development programs.

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Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., S. S. Bhar, G. K. Brown, C. Olsen i A. T. Beck. "Changes in problem-solving appraisal after cognitive therapy for the prevention of suicide". Psychological Medicine 42, nr 6 (19.10.2011): 1185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291711002169.

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BackgroundCognitive therapy has been found to be effective in decreasing the recurrence of suicide attempts. A theoretical aim of cognitive therapy is to improve problem-solving skills so that suicide no longer remains the only available option. This study examined the differential rate of change in problem-solving appraisal following suicide attempts among individuals who participated in a randomized controlled trial for the prevention of suicide.MethodChanges in problem-solving appraisal from pre- to 6-months post-treatment in individuals with a recent suicide attempt, randomized to either cognitive therapy (n=60) or a control condition (n=60), were assessed by using the Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised, Short Form.ResultsImprovements in problem-solving appraisal were similarly observed for both groups within the 6-month follow-up. However, during this period, individuals assigned to the cognitive therapy condition demonstrated a significantly faster rate of improvement in negative problem orientation and impulsivity/carelessness. More specifically, individuals receiving cognitive therapy were significantly less likely to report a negative view toward life problems and impulsive/carelessness problem-solving style.ConclusionsCognitive therapy for the prevention of suicide provides rapid changes within 6 months on negative problem orientation and impulsivity/carelessness problem-solving style. Given that individuals are at the greatest risk for suicide within 6 months of their last suicide attempt, the current study demonstrates that a brief cognitive intervention produces a rapid rate of improvement in two important domains of problem-solving appraisal during this sensitive period.

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Uhunamure, Solomon Eghosa, Ephraim Bonah Agyekum, Olatunde Samod Durowoju, Karabo Shale, Nthaduleni Samuel Nethengwe, Georges-Ivo Ekosse Ekosse i Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo. "Appraisal of Nuclear Energy as an Alternative Option in South Africa’s Energy Scenario: A Multicriteria Analysis". Applied Sciences 11, nr 21 (3.11.2021): 10349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112110349.

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South Africa is being confronted with an irregular power supply, leading to persistent load shedding due to aged and unreliable coal-fired power plants. Connected with coal as a generating source for electricity from fossil fuels are environmental concerns such as emissions of greenhouse gases and climate change impacts. Nuclear energy can allay the country’s dependence on coal as a source of energy. This article, therefore, reviews the feasibility of nuclear energy using a multicriteria analysis technique. A combination of Strengths, weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to evaluate the external and internal factors that could either positively or negatively affect the country’s nuclear energy expansion drive. From the analysis, the country’s enabling laws and regulatory framework recorded the highest score of 39.2% under the strengths for the sector. In the case of the weaknesses, the high cost of construction and long construction framework recorded the highest weight, of 50.47%. Energy export and demand under the opportunities recorded a weight of 52.09%, ranking it as the highest opportunity for the sector. Seismic events were identified as the biggest threat for nuclear power expansion in the country, and the experts assigned a weight of 42.5% to this factor.

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KAWABATA, Mitsuaki, Shoji MATSUMOTO, Kazushi SANO i Satoshi TSUCHIYA. "MEASUREMENT OF OPTION VALUES BY STATED CHOICE METHOD AND PROJECT APPRAISAL FOR LRT AND LOCAL RAILWAY". Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. D3 (Infrastructure Planning and Management) 67, nr 5 (2011): 67_I_45–67_I_56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejipm.67.67_i_45.

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Lattanzi, Simona. "New evidence in adjunctive treatment of focal-onset seizures in adults: a critical appraisal". Global & Regional Health Technology Assessment 9, Suppl. 2 (28.06.2022): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33393/grhta.2022.2420.

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Anti-seizure medications (ASMs) represent the pillar of the treatment of epilepsy. The rate of drug-resistant epilepsy remained substantially unchanged over time and there is still the need for new and more effective treatment options. Brivaracetam, cenobamate, eslicarbazepine acetate, lacosamide and perampanel are ‘third-generation’ ASMs. The aim of this article is to summarize the currently available evidence about the relative efficacy and tolerability of the ‘third-generation’ ASMs as adjunctive treatment of focal-onset seizures in adults. So far, no randomized controlled study directly compared these ASMs, and their comparative efficacy and tolerability have been indirectly evaluated by one network meta-analysis. Sixteen trials were included in the network meta-analysis. The efficacy endpoints were the rates of seizure response and seizure freedom, defined as ≥ 50% and 100% reduction in baseline monthly seizure frequency. The tolerability endpoints were the rate of patients who developed any treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and any TEAE leading to drug discontinuation. Cenobamate had the greatest likelihood of being the best option for the ≥ 50% and 100% seizure frequency reduction. Brivaracetam and lacosamide had the greatest likelihood to rank as the best-tolerated treatments for the occurrence of any TEAE and TEAE leading to discontinuation. Although network meta-analyses are not substitutes of direct comparisons, they can provide valuable evidence about the hierarchy of interventions. Additional real-world data can be useful complement to characterize the clinical profile and therapeutic potentialities of third-generation ASMs.

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Larsson, Gerry, Christina Kempe i Bengt Starrin. "Appraisal and coping processes in acute time‐limited stressful situations: A study of police officers". European Journal of Personality 2, nr 4 (grudzień 1988): 259–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410020404.

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This study focuses on the appraisal and coping process in acute, time‐limited stressful situations in a stress experienced group: 54 Swedish police officers. Each police officer retrospectively reported their thoughts, emotions, and actions during five recent stressful job events. The relations among appraisals of threat and of coping options, seven forms of problem‐ and emotion‐focused coping strategies, and selfrated performance were examined. Compared with previous studies of ordinary people in stressful situations, the police officers felt less threatened, appraised the situations as more solvable, and used considerably more problem‐focused forms of coping. Age had a significant effect on appraisal, while organizational position had a significant effect on coping. Using latent profile analysis, four appraisal styles were obtained. Consistency of cross‐situational appraisal style amongst individuals was high. The functional relationships among variables, i.e. appraisal, coping, and performance, are discussed.

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Miranda, Felicia, José Carlos da Cunha Bastos, Alexandre Magno dos Santos, Luiz Sergio Vieira, Aron Aliaga-Del Castillo, Guilherme Janson i Daniela Garib. "Miniscrew-anchored maxillary protraction in growing Class III patients". Journal of Orthodontics 47, nr 2 (13.03.2020): 170–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465312520910158.

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The aim of this article is to report a case series of a miniscrew-anchored maxillary protraction therapy (MAMP). Two male patients presenting with Class III malocclusion were included in this report. The treatment consisted of a hybrid expander and two miniscrews at the anterior region of the mandible anchoring Class III elastics for maxillary protraction. Effective maxillary length, ANB angle and Wits appraisal increased after treatment. Slight dental effects were observed. MAMP therapy produced substantial skeletal effects and might be a good treatment option for Class III growing patients.

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Richardson, Paul G., Antonio Palumbo, Stephen A. Schey, Meletios A. Dimopoulos, Thierry Facon, Katja C. Weisel, Peter O’Gorman i in. "Pomalidomide – An Appraisal of Its Clinical Development and Role in the Treatment of Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma". European Oncology & Haematology 11, nr 2 (2015): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/eoh.2015.11.02.109.

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Pomalidomide is a distinct immunomodulatory agent with significant activity in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). The optimal treatment schedule in patients with RRMM who have received multiple lines of treatment, including bortezomib and lenalidomide, is 4 mg/day on days 1–21 of a 28-day cycle in combination with weekly low-dose dexamethasone. Improved responses and outcomes relative to traditional therapies continue to be confirmed in recently completed and ongoing trials. Pomalidomide exhibits direct tumoricidal, immunomodulatory, anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory activities, which facilitate combination therapy with agents with complementary mechanisms of action, resulting in greater anti-myeloma effects than single-agent therapy or previous combination therapies. For example, in combination with proteasome inhibitors and traditional chemotherapeutic agents in doublet or triplet regimens, pomalidomide provides high rates of durable response, and represents an important new treatment option for patients with RRMM requiring effective new therapies. Additionally, pomalidomide maintains its efficacy and tolerability profile in difficult-to-treat patients, including the elderly, patients with poor cytogenetics and those with renal impairment. This review summarises the clinical development of pomalidomide and discusses this effective agent for the treatment of patients with RRMM in the context of current myeloma treatment options, as well as potential future directions to further improve patient outcomes.

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Besada, Donela, Sarah Rohde, Ameena Goga, Nika Raphaely, Emmanuelle Daviaud, Vundli Ramokolo, Vuyolwethu Magasana, Nobuntu Noveve i Tanya Doherty. "Strategies to improve male involvement in PMTCT Option B+ in four African countries: a qualitative rapid appraisal". Global Health Action 9, nr 1 (7.11.2016): 33507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v9.33507.

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OKEKE, Donald Chiuba. "Planning Option for African Renaissance: An Appraisal of Paradigm Shift to Neo-Mercantile Planning. Reflections from Nigeria". Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 05, nr 03 (wrzesień 2017): 1750015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345748117500154.

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The neoliberal planning theory, the subject of the paper, is derived from the policy substantiation of the neoliberal development ideology. The theory is built on participatory principles in the context of market force ruled by informality. This planning perspective has had the potential to sustain the imperial space economy associated with Africa since the mid-19th century. Neoliberal planning theory is regarded as a theory that seriously questions its planning cognate purports as it indicates the outlook for contemporary planning initiatives, perspectives and frameworks. This paper argues that this trend is potentially antithetical to the rhetoric of African renaissance and postulates a change in development ideology as an entry point for appropriate planning option for Africa.

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Zygouris, Panagiotis, Adamantios Michalinos, Vassilis Protogerou, Evangelos Kotsiomitis, Antonios Mazarakis, Ioannis Dimovelis i Theodore Troupis. "Use of Lateral Calcaneal Flap for Coverage of Hindfoot Defects: An Anatomical Appraisal". Plastic Surgery International 2015 (11.11.2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/212757.

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Lateral calcaneal flap is an established surgical option for coverage of lateral calcaneum and posterior heel defects. Lateral calcaneal flap vascularization and innervations are based on lateral calcaneal artery neurovascular bundle, that is, lateral calcaneal artery, small saphenous vein, and sural nerve. Anatomical research has allowed exploration of its many advantages but can also lead to its various modifications, permitting a wide variety of clinical applications. In this paper the authors report an anatomical and clinical study on lateral calcaneal artery course and lateral calcaneal flap clinical applications. Anatomic part of our study focused on lateral calcaneal artery course and optimization of surgical technique for flap harvesting. Data were used for design of lateral calcaneal flap in 5 patients. Our results were satisfactory in terms of coverage adequacy, perioperative morbidity, and functional and aesthetical outcome.

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Ciulianto, Rudy. "The Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Retapamulin as a Treatment Option for Impetigo and Other Uncomplicated Superficial Skin Infections: A Meta-analysis". Indonesian Biomedical Journal 7, nr 1 (1.04.2015): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v7i1.22.

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BACKGROUND: The treatment of impetigo, secondarily infected dermatitis and infected traumatic lesions continue to develop as new generations of drugs are being formulated. Bacteria causing impetigo show growing resistance rates for commonly used antibiotics. Retapamulin being a new drug has been recently approved as topical antibiotic in children and adult. This study aimed to ascertain the efficacy, safety and tolerability of retapamulin as the treatment option for impetigo and other uncomplicated superficial skin infections.METHODS: A search for studies published from 2006-2014 was done in Pubmed, EBSCO, OVID, Science Direct, and Cochrane using the search strategy. The search was limited to studies conducted in human subjects and published in the English language. Randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy, safety and tolerability of retapamulin as treatment for impetigo and other uncomplicated superficial skin infections in children and adult were included and extracted independently and the qualities of the studies were appraised using critical appraisal tools. Data analysis was conducted by using RevMan 5.RESULTS: This study has high heterogeneity and found Retapamulin has no statistically significant difference in the clinical success after seven days and follow up among per-protocol-patients, bacteriogical confirmed patients and intention-to-treat patients with impetigo and other secondary infected traumatic lesions compared to other regimens. However, Retapamulin has beneficial effect in the clinical success, well tolerated and safe for children and adults.CONCLUSION: Retapamulin is comparably effective and safe as a treatment option for impetigo and other uncomplicated superficial skin infections.KEYWORDS: efficacy, safety, tolerability, retapamulin, impetigo, meta-analysis

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Singh, Amandeep, i Abhay Kapoor. "A Survey on Level of Awareness of Physiotherapy as a Career Option among Private School Students". International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 11, nr 7 (12.07.2021): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20210708.

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Background: High school students have a far-reaching discernment when it comes to opting a vocation this is because decisions made in the senior year of school concretes their future. Physiotherapy is a health-maintenance craft that necessitate appraisal and drawing out a diagnosis to heal deterioration, improve vigor, and hence improve standard of living. This study evaluated the perception of high school students about physiotherapy as a profession and career option. Methodology: Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria 200 high school students were selected using cluster sampling. Outcome measures used a self-made questionnaire sculpted as Google form which was sent to students from standard IX to XII. Bearing physiotherapy as an option within health sciences domain in mind, various types of questions specific to physiotherapy department, its practice areas, and the course study were put forth to these students through the online questionnaire. Results: The percentage of students who considered physiotherapy as a career option in medicine was 59% but, 72.5% were not aware of the eligibility criteria for entering a physiotherapy degree program and 73.5% did not know about the pathological conditions treated in physical therapy although, 81% agreed that physical therapy is effective in reducing pain. Mixed opinions were noted on physical therapy as profession as good (46.5%), very good (24%), excellent (23%) and not good (6.5%). Conclusion: Conclusion of above study is that the awareness among students of senior secondary section of private schools across the city of Ludhiana in Punjab is less than half of the percentage in most of the questions of surveyed population. None of the students were able to complete the whole questionnaire perfectly. Key words: awareness; physiotherapy; private schools; career options; students.

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Suhanek, Mia, Sanja Grubeša, Ivan Đurek i Antonio Petošić. "Appraisal of Significance of Acoustic Parameters in Contribution to Human Annoyance". Applied Sciences 10, nr 11 (29.05.2020): 3787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113787.

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The goal of this paper was to describe a study which aimed to determine the significance of acoustic parameters in terms of some typical audio signals which occur in common urban environments. The focus when establishing the significance was set on their relevance with respect to the annoyance of the study participants. In order to carry out this experiment, an acoustic environment recording was made in which short distracting signals were inserted into the acoustic environment background sound. The recording obtained in the described way was then reproduced to listeners in laboratory conditions. Furthermore, the experiment was envisaged in a way that the participants had the option to adjust the following acoustic parameters: the amplitude, duration and the amplitude growth rates of the short signals. In order to prove the statistical significance of the obtained results from the experiment and the study premise, the chi-square test was applied. Thus, according to the results of the study, the ranking of the objective acoustic parameters was achieved with respect to the human annoyance i.e., it can be concluded that the most common reason for the human annoyance in different acoustic environments is the sound amplitude, then its duration and finally its amplitude growth rate.

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Lauber, Christoph. "Stigma and discrimination against people with mental illness: a critical appraisal". Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 17, nr 1 (marzec 2008): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x0000261x.

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AbstractThis editorial gives an overview of the different roots and forms of discrimination and stigmatisation towards people with mental illness. It explains the differences between stereotype, prejudice and discrimination. It further highlights some research foci of stigma research in the last decade. The emphasis was mostly on investigating the attitudes of the general population, but barely addressed other groups that have probably more intensive and more crucial contact with people with mental illness. Furthermore, only very few intervention programs were evaluated. This editorial concludes that other groups than the general population, e.g., mental health professionals, should be investigated about their attitudes to people with mental illness. Moreover, intervention campaigns should be additionally evaluated after a given period as it is not well known whether effects of interventions are long-lasting. It might be that anti-stigma campaigns, as every public health campaign, must be repeated if sustainability is the goal. Furthermore, the message must be carefully chosen. One option is to replace the “traditional” messages by focussing, e.g., on symptoms of mental illness, for instance anxiety, affective symptoms or suicidal ideations. Finally, a plea for more stigma-related research is given as research in stigma-related issues is also stigmatised.

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González-Zapata, Laura I., Carlos Alvarez-Dardet, Rocio Ortiz-Moncada, Vicente Clemente, Erik Millstone, Michelle Holdsworth, Katerina Sarri i in. "Policy options for obesity in Europe: a comparison of public health specialists with other stakeholders". Public Health Nutrition 12, nr 7 (lipiec 2009): 896–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898000800308x.

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AbstractObjectiveTo explore policy options that public health specialists (PHS) consider appropriate for combating obesity in Europe, and compare their preferences with those of other stakeholders (non-PHS).DesignStructured interviews using multicriteria mapping, a computer-based, decision-support tool.SettingNine European countries.SubjectsA total of 189 stakeholders. Twenty-seven interviewees were PHS and non-PHS included food, sports and health sectors.MeasurementsA four-step approach was taken, i.e. selecting options, defining criteria, scoring options quantitatively and weighting the criteria to provide overall rankings of options. Interviews were recorded and transcribed to yield qualitative data.ResultsThe PHS concur with other stakeholders interviewed, as all emphasised the importance of educational initiatives in combating obesity, followed by policies to improve community sports facilities, introduce mandatory food labelling and controlling food and drink advertising. Further analyses revealed several significant differences. The non-PHS from the private sector ranked institutional reforms favourably; the PHS from non-Mediterranean countries supported the option of medicines to prevent obesity; and those PHS from Mediterranean countries endorsed the use of activity monitoring devices such as pedometers. As far as appraisal criteria were concerned, PHS considered efficacy and the economic impact on the public sector to be the most important.ConclusionThere is clear consensus among PHS and other stakeholders concerning the need for a package of policy options, which suggests that European-wide implementation could be successful. However, it would be advisable to avoid more contentious policy options such as taxation until future changes in public opinion.

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Ho, Thomas S. Y. "“Market Value Of Insurance Liabilities: Reconciling the Actuarial Appraisal and Option Pricing Methods”, Luke N. Girard, January 2000". North American Actuarial Journal 4, nr 1 (styczeń 2000): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10920277.2000.10595872.

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