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Atif, Muhammad, i Arshad Hussain. "Laboratory Investigation of Microwave Healing Characteristic of Hot Mix Asphalt Incorporating Steel Slag and Fly Ash". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, nr 3 (31.03.2022): 1467–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40779.
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Abstract: This research aims to analyze the usage of fly ash (FA) as filler and Steel slag as coarse aggregate in hot mix asphalt concrete to monitor its healing characteristic under microwave heat. Both fly ash and steel slag are the industrial by-products. Using Marshall, Hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures were prepared for control and three different modified specimens having 10%, 20% and 30% steel slag as coarse aggregate, and 75% optimum fly ash content (OFC) as filler. Then thermal distribution and optimum healing time of test specimens were recorded using infrared thermometer. A three-point bending (TPB) tests were applied to the samples before and after the microwave healing procedures. Test results demonstrated that adding steel slag and fly ash in asphalt concrete mixtures increases the heating rates and improve the healing performance of hot mix asphalt using microwave heat. The replacement of natural coarse aggregate by 30% steel aggregate is extremely promising since it has not only improved healing results but also enhance the load-displacement relationship of the HMA mixtures with more ductile behavior. Overall, the use of steel slag and fly ash in hot mix asphalt is a significant option that helps to the sustainable pavement construction as it improves healing and cracking resistance. Keywords: Fly ash, Steel slag, Hot mix asphalt, Microwave heating, Three-point Bending
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Malik, Prateek, i Sudipta K. Mishra. "Geosynthetics Stabilizers and Fly Ash for Soil Subgrade Improvement – A State of the Art Review". International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 10, nr 2 (10.01.2021): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.c8393.0110321.
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Soft soil having a low bearing capacity is found in many parts of the world and construction on soft soil is a challenge. To overcome the situation, the soil needs to be stabilized with some external material like geosynthetic, fly ash and rice husk. Geosynthetics materials are tremendous materials used to solve many civil engineering problems. Fly ash is a byproduct produced by burning of coal and is available in various thermal power plant as a waste material. Disposal of fly ash is also a problem but in one area where it can be used is soil stabilization. A comprehensive review of published literature on the use of geosynthetic and fly ash to stabilize and enhance the strength of soil was carried out. The effect of using geosynthetic material and fly ash was investigated on the properties of soil like Optimum Moisture Content, Maximum Dry Density, California bearing ratio, unconfined compressive strength and compaction behavior of the soft soil.
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Sudjianto, Agus Tugas, Abdul Halim, Oktiono Gembiranto i Sugeng Hadi Susilo. "Comparison of fly ash with Lapindo mud as a land stabilizer for landfill in Pasuruan–Indonesia". Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, nr 10(111) (30.06.2021): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.234518.
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The paper discusses the comparison of fly ash with Lapindo mud as a land stabilizer for a landfill in Pasuruan, Indonesia. Land for landfills has a low level of stability due to the condition of garbage that has accumulated and undergoes a process of decay. This land condition is less favorable to support the construction of the building above it if one day the location is used for construction. Therefore, it is necessary to stabilize the soil first. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding a mixture of TPA soil with fly ash and Lapindo mud. The method used by sieve testing and compaction of the specimens for each treatment consisted of a mixture of TPA soil with fly ash and TPA soil with Lapindo mud, while the percentages of fly ash and Lapindo mud to the dry weight of the original soil were respectively 0 %, 10 %, 15 %, and 20 %. The results showed that stabilization of the landfill with fly ash reduced the silt content while stabilization with Lapindo mud increased the levels of silt in the landfill so that fly ash was better than Lapindo mud for stabilization of the landfill. The specific gravity values for both stabilization mixtures increased equally. Based on the results of the standard compaction test for the addition of a mixture of fly ash, the OMC value decreases and the greater the value of dmaxs indicates that fly ash is good for landfill stabilization, while the addition of a mixture of Lapindo mud increases the OMC the smaller the value of dmaxs. For the direct shear test of the two mixed soils, the value of the internal friction angle (Æ) increased. The percentage value of the optimum mixture of mixed soil+fly ash is 14 % with an internal shear angle (Æ) of 38°, while the stabilization of landfill with Lapindo mud obtained the optimum mixture percentage value of 11 % with an internal shear angle (Æ) of 31°
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Pradoto, Rani, Eliza Puri, Tri Hadinata, Qinthara D. Rahman i Ryan Muhammad Az-zuchruf. "Improving Strength of Porous Asphalt: A Nano Material Experimental Approach". Jurnal Rekayasa Sipil (JRS-Unand) 15, nr 2 (1.12.2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jrs.15.2.75-89.2019.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Porous asphalt (PA) has potential to be utilized in many urban area in Indonesia which often faced high street runoff during rainy season. PA can be a solution for storm water management. A typical porous pavement has an open-graded surface over an underlying stone recharge bed. The water drains through the porous asphalt and into the stone bed, then, slowly, infiltrates into the soil. However, despite of the benefit of porous asphalt, there is still weaknesses, such as less of service life than dense-graded asphalt due to its lower durability and strength. In order to improve durability and strength of PA, this study investigates the effect of utilizing fly ash (FA) class F in porous asphalt (PA) mixture as replacement in aggregate gradation and perform as filler. Mechanical activation (grinding) of fly ash was performed resulting in reduction of particle size. This material gives more strength since the more of surface area that can bind in finer particle size. Utilizing fly ash into nanomaterial is one of the methods for this study. Material approaches for nanomaterial were proposed by breaking up larger particles with physical processes such as grinding or milling. This is called mechanical activation. Since asphalt pen 60/70 is mainly binder material in Indonesia, it is used as the default for all samples in this experiment. The optimum bitumen content (OBC) was determined for all the mix by Marshall mix design. In view of the nanomaterial approach, samples were then prepared for the same optimum bitumen content (5.85%) by using Bina-Marga’s PA standard in control mix as well as natural FA and modified FA as alternative filler in modified mixes. modified FA itself has been milled using transversal ball mill machine for 3 to 6 hours. This experimental study indicated higher stability value and reduction of permeability with the same OBC for the mixture having modified FA as filler content in comparison with standard mix and natural FA mix. All sample conformed with Indonesian asphalt porous Specification. This trends will become as a starting point for improvement in the future research. For further research, binder modification with added material such as rubber or nanoparticles are highly recommended to improve strength and durability of asphalt porous. However, another method need to be proposed for reduction of particle size in fly ash into nanomaterial range.
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Khalil, Shahad Mahmood, i Saad I. Sarsam. "Influence of fly ash on the volumetric and physical properties of Stone Matrix Asphalt Concrete". Journal of Engineering 26, nr 5 (1.05.2020): 128–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2020.05.09.
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Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) is a gap-graded asphalt concrete hot blend combining high-quality coarse aggregate with a rich asphalt cement content. This blend generates a stable paving combination with a powerful stone-on-stone skeleton that offers excellent durability and routing strength. The objectives of this work are: Studying the durability performance of stone matrix asphalt (SMA) mixture in terms of moisture damage and temperature susceptibility and Discovering the effect of stabilized additive (Fly Ash ) on the performance of stone matrix asphalt (SMA) mixture. In this investigation, the durability of stone matrix asphalt concrete was assessed in terms of temperature susceptibility, resistance to moisture damage, and sensitivity to the variation in asphalt content. Specimens of 63.5 mm height and 102 mm diameter were compacted using the Marshall method at 150 °C. The optimum asphalt content was determined. Additional specimens were prepared with (0.5) percent below and above the OAC requirement. Specimens were subjected to indirect tensile strength (ITS) determination at (25 and 40) °C, and double punch shear strength determination. Another group of specimens was subjected to Marshall properties determination and to moisture damage. It was observed that stone matrix asphalt exhibit lower sensitivity to the change in asphalt content from the resistance to moisture damage and temperature susceptibility points of view. However, the tensile and shear properties exhibit significant sensitivity to the variation in asphalt content.
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Ab Manaf, Mohd Badrul Hisyam, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Rafiza Abdul Razak, Muhammad Munsif Ahmad, Mustaqqim Abdul Rahim i Sharifah Nurfarhana Tuan Muda. "Substitution of Fly Ash as Mineral Filler in Wearing Course of Hot Mix Asphalt". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2129, nr 1 (1.12.2021): 012039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2129/1/012039.
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Abstract Fly Ash (FA) is one of the sustainable materials to substitute Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) was found commercialized in construction field but the usage in HMA pavement is limited. Thus, this study is important to promote FA as a sustainable filler instead of using OPC to reduce greenhouse gases. The primary aim is to investigate the Marshall Stability of HMA that incorporating of OPC and FA as filler. In addition, Optimum Bitumen Content (OBC) determination also conducted in this study. Marshall Stability test was conducted based on ASTM 2006 for both mixtures. The parameters gained from the test are the stability, flow, air void in mix (VIM), void filled bitumen (VFB) and stiffness being used to OBC. The OBC for HMA with OPC filler obtained is 5.06% meanwhile for HMA with FA is 4.79%. All Marshall Parameters was complied with of Malaysia Public Work Department (PWD) Standard for both mixtures. The HMA with FA filler give better results for all parameters. Based on OBC percentage, usage of asphalt binder was reduced at 0.29%. Thus, it was more economical if using FA compared with OPC as a filler. Furthermore, HMA with FA filler have better stability and strength as well as lesser deformation with HMA with OPC filler. For the overall, FA have huge potential in substituting other mineral filler to produce better quality of asphalt pavement.
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Ondriani, Ondriani, Sofyan M. Saleh i Muhammad Isya. "UJI DURABILITAS CAMPURAN AC-WC MENGGUNAKAN KOMBINASI LIMBAH PLASTIK DAN ABU SERABUT KELAPA SEBAGAI FILLER". Jurnal Teknik Sipil 1, nr 3 (15.01.2018): 679–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jts.v1i3.10027.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract: The cause of damage and strength reductionon highway flexible pavement isthe low strength and durability on the wear layer. To cope withthis problem, it is necessary to add some particular additivethat can increase the asphalt concrete performance. One of the additional material that can be used are plastic. Stone ash, cement and fly ash has been commonly used as a filler in asphalt mixture. But these kind of filler was hard to get and the price were relatively expensive. The coconut fiber ash wich has a specific grafity greater than asphalt is expected to be one alternative. This research aims to determine the influence of plastic wastecombination substitution into the asphalt pen. 60/70 and the use of coconut fiber ash as filler on AC-WC mixture performance. The plastic used in this research is polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene and polystyrene. The early stages of this research is to find the optimum asphalt content (OAC). After OAC obtained, then the specimens were mixed without and with the combination substitution of plastic waste as much as 2.7%; 4.7%; 6.7% against the weight of asphalt on OAC + 0.5% with and without the coconut fiber ash as a filler. The study results showed the use of plastic waste combination and the coconut fiber ash can not improve the durability value. The highest value of durability obtained at 4.7% combination substitution of plastic waste, it was 77.53%, While the lowest was in substitution of 6.7% plastic waste combination with 38.27% coconut fiber ash as a filler. The duration value of AC-WC mixture with plastic waste combination substitution and the use of coconut fiber ash filler did not meet the requirement that is 90%.Abstrak: Penyebab kerusakan dan penurunan kekuatan perkerasan lentur jalan raya adalah rendahnya kekuatan dan keawetan di dalam lapisan aus. Untuk menanggulangi hal ini dibutuhkan suatu bahan tambah yang dapat meningkatkan lapis aspal beton. Salah satu bahan tambah yang dapat di gunakan adalah plastik. Abu batu, semen dan fly ash sudah biasa digunakan sebagai filler dalam campuran aspal. Tetapi, jenis filler tersebut susah didapatkan dan harganya relatif mahal. Abu serabut kelapa yang memiliki berat jenis lebih besar dari aspal, diharapkan dapat menjadi alternatifnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai durabilitas campuran AC-WC menggunakan kombinasi limbah plastik dan abu serabut kelapa. Plastik yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Polyethylene Terephthalate, Polypropylenedan Polystyrene. Tahap awal penelitian ini adalah mencari kadar aspal optimum (KAO). Setelah KAO didapat kemudian dilakukan pembuatan benda uji tanpa dan dengan substitusi kombinasi limbah plastik sebesar 2,7%; 4,7%; 6;7% terhadap berat aspal pada KAO + 0,5% tanpa dan dengan abu serabut kelapa sebagai filler. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan kombinasi limbah plastik tidak dapat meningkatkan nilai durabilitas. Nilai durabilitas tertinggi didapat pada substitusi kombinasi limbah plastik 4,7% yaitu 77,53% sedangkan yang terendah terdapat pada subtitusi kombinasi limbah plastik 6,7% dengan filler abu serabut kelapa yaitu 38,27%. Nilai Durabilitas campuran AC-WC dengan substitusi kombinasi limbah plastik dan penggunaan abu serabut kelapa sebagai filler tidak memenuhi syarat yaitu 90%.
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Agusmaniza, Roni, Sofyan M. Saleh i Renni Anggraini. "UJI DURABILITAS CAMPURAN AC-WC MENGGUNAKAN KOMBINASI LIMBAH PLASTIK DAN ABU CANGKANG KELAPA SAWIT". Jurnal Teknik Sipil 1, nr 3 (15.01.2018): 725–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jts.v1i3.10032.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract: The cause of damage and strength reduction on highway flexible pavement is the low strength and durability on the wear layer. To cope with this problem, it is necessary to add some particular additive that can increase the asphalt concrete performance. One of the additional material that can be used are plastic. Stone ash, cement and fly ash has been commonly used as a filler in asphalt mixture. But these kind of filler was hard to get and the price were relatively expensive. The palm oil shell ash wich has a specific grafity greater than asphalt is expected to be one alternative. This research aims to determine the influence of plastic waste combination substitution into the asphalt pen. 60/70 and the use of palm oil shell ash as filler on AC-WC mixture performance. The plastic used in this research is polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene and polystyrene. The early stages of this research is to find the optimum asphalt content (OAC). After OAC obtained, then the specimens were mixed without and with the combination substitution of plastic waste as much as 2.7%; 4.7%; 6.7% against the weight of asphalt on OAC + 0.5% with and without the palm oil shell ash as a filler. The study results showed the use of plastic waste combination and the palm oil shell ash can improve the durability value. The highest value of durability obtained at 6.7% combination substitution of plastic waste, it was 111.36%, while the lowest value which found on the use of palm oil shells ash filler was 83.61%. The durability value of AC-WC mixture with and without plastic waste combination substitution had met the requirement, those were 90%, while the use of palm oil shells ash as filler does not meet the requirements.Abstrak: Penyebab kerusakan dan penurunan kekuatan perkerasan lentur jalan raya adalah rendahnya kekuatan dan keawetan di dalam lapisan aus. Untuk menanggulangi hal ini dibutuhkan suatu bahan tambah yang dapat meningkatkan lapis aspal beton. Salah satu bahan tambah yang dapat di gunakan adalah plastik. Abu batu, semen dan fly ash sudah biasa digunakan sebagai filler dalam campuran aspal. Tetapi, jenis filler tersebut susah didapatkan dan harganya relatif mahal. Abu cangkang kelapa sawit yang memiliki berat jenis lebih besar dari aspal, diharapkan dapat menjadi alternatifnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai durabilitas campuran AC-WC menggunakan kombinasi limbah plastik dan abu cangkang kelapa sawit. Plastik yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Polyethylene Terephthalate, Polypropylene dan Polystyrene. Tahap awal penelitian ini adalah mencari kadar aspal optimum (KAO). Setelah KAO didapat kemudian dilakukan pembuatan benda uji tanpa dan dengan substitusi kombinasi limbah plastik sebesar 2,7%; 4,7%; 6;7% terhadap berat aspal pada KAO + 0,5% tanpa dan dengan abu cangkang kelapa sawit sebagai filler. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan kombinasi limbah plastik dapat meningkatkan nilai durabilitas. Nilai durabilitas tertinggi didapat pada substitusi kombinasi limbah plastik 6,7% yaitu 111,36% sedangkan yang terendah terdapat pada penggunaan filler abu cangkang kelapa sawit yaitu 83.61%. Nilai Durabilitas campuran AC-WC tanpa dan dengan substitusi kombinasi limbah plastik memenuhi syarat yaitu 90%, sedangkan penggunaan abu cangkang kelapa sawit sebagai filler tidak memenuhi persyaratan.
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Isnanda, Isnanda, Sofyan M. Saleh i Muhammad Isya. "PENGARUH SUBSTITUSI POLYSTYRENE (PS) DAN ABU ARANG TEMPURUNG KELAPA SEBAGAI FILLER TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK CAMPURAN AC-WC". Jurnal Teknik Sipil 1, nr 3 (15.01.2018): 637–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jts.v1i3.10002.
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Abstract: Asphalt concrete strength is influenced by the material properties of the mixture. Asphalt mixture can be modified by adding several kinds of additives, ranging from chemical additives, natural materials, and the rest of the waste. One of the waste materials that were encountered and also difficult to disentangle by nature is plastic waste. One way to use it with the use as an additive in asphalt mixture. This mixture is also called polymer modified asphalt. In this study, the polymer material of the type used plastic Polystyrene (PS) and the use of coconut charcoal powder as filler in a mixture of AC-WC. Stone dust, cement, and fly ash hard to come by and relatively expensive. Coconut charcoal powder has the elements in the asphalt that is non-Polar Carbon by 91% is expected to be one alternative. This study aims to determine the effect of substitution of plastic using the dry process and the use of a filler combination of coconut charcoal powder and portland cement mixture on the characteristics Marshall of the AC-WC. Early stages of this research is to find the optimum asphalt content (OAC). After OAC obtained and then do the test object without substitution manufacture plastics and plastic waste substitution percentage variation PS 7%, 9%, 11% to the weight of the asphalt is substituted into the aggregate. The results showed substitution PS plastic on asphalt mix, the value of stability increased compared with no substitution of plastic. Value of stability without the plastic substitution of 1270.24 kg while the value of stability effective of PS substitution percentage of 11% with asphlat content of 4.70% which amounted to 1497.85 kg. the value of durability of a AC-WC mixture with and without substitution PS plastic by dry process not meeting the requirements of 90%.Abstrak: Kekuatan beton aspal dipengaruhi oleh sifat-sifat dari material campuran. Campuran aspal dapat dimodifikasi dengan menambah beberapa macam zat tambahan, mulai dari aditif bahan kimia, bahan alam, dan sisa limbah. Salah satu bahan limbah yang banyak ditemui dan juga sulit untuk diurai oleh alam adalah limbah plastik. Salah satu cara untuk memanfaatkannya dengan menggunakan sebagai bahan tambahan pada campuran beraspal. Campuran ini disebut juga dengan aspal modifikasi polimer. Pada penelitian ini bahan polimer yang digunakan dari jenis plastik Polystyrene (PS) serta penggunaan abu arang tempurung kelapa sebagai filler pada campuran AC-WC. Abu batu, semen dan fly ash susah didapatkan dan harganya relatif mahal. Abu arang tempurung kelapa memiliki unsur-unsur pada aspal yaitu Carbon non Polar sebesar 91% diharapkan dapat menjadi salah satu alternatifnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh substitusi plastik dengan cara kering serta penggunaan filler kombinasi abu arang tempurung kelapa dan semen portland terhadap karakteristik Marshall campuran AC-WC. Tahapan awal penelitian ini adalah mencari kadar aspal optimum (KAO). Setelah KAO didapat kemudian dilakukan pembuatan benda uji tanpa substitusi plastik dan dengan substitusi variasi persentase limbah plastik PS 7%, 9%, 11% terhadap berat aspal yang disubstitusikan ke dalam agregat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan substitusi plastik PS pada campuran aspal, nilai stabilitas campuran meningkat dibandingkan dengan tanpa substitusi plastik. Nilai stabilitas tanpa substitusi plastik sebesar 1270,24 kg sedangkan nilai stabilitas dari persentase substitusi terbaik jenis PS 11% pada kadar aspal 4,70% yaitu sebesar 1497,85 kg. Untuk nilai durabilitas campuran AC-WC dengan dan tanpa substitusi plastik PS tidak memenuhi persyaratan yaitu 90%.
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Nanjegowda, Vinay Hosahally, M. N. Rathankumar i N. Anirudh. "Fillers Influence on Hot-Mix Asphalt Mixture Design and Performance Assessment". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1149, nr 1 (1.05.2023): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1149/1/012013.
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Abstract Filler’s presence in hot-mix asphalt (HMA) is even though minimal but they do affect its durability characteristics. Many natural and waste materials in the form of fillers have been studied for their effectiveness on HMA mix design and performance characteristics. However, in practice, stone dust (SD) is the preferred filler due to its abundance, ease of availability, and cost-effectiveness. Thus, the major objective of this study was to investigate the effect of locally available materials: stone dust (SD)- natural, hydrated lime (HL) – processed, rice-husk ash (RHA) and fly-ash (FHA)-waste materials on HMA properties based on the factors such as availability, field utilization, cost, and sustainability, while at the same time identify the anomalies of those selected fillers on HMA mix if any. A viscosity grade (VG-30) binder was selected and checked for its fundamental consistency characteristics set forth in Indian standards. In this study, aggregate gradation structure specified as bituminous concrete grading 1 (BC1) in India was designed for the preparation and evaluation of four HMA mixes: (a) BC1 with SD (BC1-SD), (b) BC1 with RHA (BC1-RHA), (c) BC1 with FA (BC1-FA), and d) BC1 with HL (BC1-HL). Fillers: RHA, FA, and HL were studied for their physico-chemical properties. The most recommended filler dosage of 4% by weight of mix was selected and kept uniform for the various BC1 mixes. Marshall method of mix design was performed to identify the optimum asphalt content (OAC) of four different BC1 mixes. The test results of methylene blue value (MBV), german filler value (GFV), and fineness modulus (FM) indicated that RHA includes more micron-to-nano sized particles than the other two fillers (HL and FA). The scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray results showed that the RHA and FA exhibited similar chemical composition, while HL was identified to be a calcium-based compound. The BC1-RHA mix resulted in non-cohesive mix for the binder content ranging from 4.5 to 6.5%. Additionally, for the binder contents in the range of 7 to 9% the BC1-RHA compacted samples failed to yield air voids of 4% required to arrive at the OAC. The BC1- FA mix showed the highest Marshall stability (26.97 KN) followed by BC1-HL (23.97 kN), and BC1-SD (17.9 kN). Also, retained stability test results of all the three different mixes were in close proximity to each other indicative of the affinity of the fillers to asphalt. The resistance to moisture susceptibility results indicated that HL is the better anti-stripping element followed by FA, and SD. Among the three different filler-based BC1 mixes, BC1-HL mix was adjudged as an effective moisture resistant mix followed by BC1-FA, and BC1-SD. However, a single filler that not only tends to improve the various performance parameters of the mix but be available in abundance and cost-effective is yet to be explored.
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Karim, M. A., Ahmed Sami Hassan i Adam Kaplan. "Optimization of Soil to Fly-Ash Mix Ratio for Enhanced Engineering Properties of Clayey Sand for Subgrade Use". Applied Sciences 10, nr 20 (10.10.2020): 7038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207038.
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A laboratory investigation was carried out to determine the optimum soil to fly ash mix ratio to enhance the engineering properties of clayey sand that can potentially be used as a road subgrade. Grain size distribution and Atterberg limits tests were conducted to classify the soil and to study the effects of the fly ash on the soil plasticity. The Proctor test was conducted to determine the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density of soil-fly-ash mixtures with arbitrarily selected 0%, 40%, 50%, and 60% fly ash content. A higher percentage was selected to find the highest optimum fly ash content to maximize the beneficial use. Unconfined compression and consolidation tests were conducted with air-dry arbitrarily selected curing periods of 0, 2, 8, and 28 days to determine the strength and to predict the settlement and the volume change behavior. It can be concluded from the trend analysis that a fly ash content range of 32–50% appeared to be optimum that is expected to perform better as subgrade materials for a curing period range of 16–19 days. However, experimental data showed a fly ash content of 50% was the optimum for a curing period of 8 days. The settlement and the volume change behavior improved at least 44% with increased fly ash content.
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Chandel, Abhishish, Vijay Shankar i M. A. Alam. "Experimental investigations for assessing the influence of fly ash on the flow through porous media in Darcy regime". Water Science and Technology 83, nr 5 (4.02.2021): 1028–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.042.
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Abstract Hydraulic conductivity plays a vital role in the studies encompassing explorations on flow and porous media. The study investigates the compaction characteristics of a river sand (Beas, Sutlej, and Ghaggar rivers) and fly ash mix in different proportions and evaluates four empirical equations for estimating hydraulic conductivity. Experiments show that an increase in the fly ash content results in a decrease in the maximum dry density (MDD) and an increase in the corresponding optimum moisture content (OMC) of sand–fly ash samples. MDD at optimum fly ash content was achieved at low water content, which resulted in less dry unit weight than that of typical conventional fill. In Beas, Sutlej, and Ghaggar sands the optimum fly ash content up to which the hydraulic conductivity value reduced uniformly was found to be 30, 45, and 40%, respectively. Any further increase in the fly ash content results in a negligible decrease in hydraulic conductivity value. The observed hydraulic conductivity of sand–fly ash mix lies in the range of silts, which emboldens the use of sand–fly ash mix as embankment material. Further, the evaluation of empirical equations considered in the study substantiates the efficacy of the Terzaghi equation in estimating the hydraulic conductivity of river sand-fly ash mix.
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Hussein H. Karim, Zeena W. Samueel i Adel H. Jassem. "Influence of Fly Ash Addition on Behavior of Soft Clayey Soil". Engineering and Technology Journal 38, nr 5A (25.05.2020): 698–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.v38i5a.426.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This paper investigates the impact of the fly Ash addition on the Geotechnical properties of soft soil as well as chooses the optimum percentage added of fly ash. To understand the behavior of fly ash mixed with soil, a number of laboratory experiments testing conducted on clayey soil-fly ash mixture in several percentages (5,10,15,20,25, and 30%) as Atterberg test, Specific gravity test, compaction test, California Bearing Ratio (C.B.R) Test, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) Test, Consolidation Test. Test results indicate rising in plastic limit and liquid limit as fly ash adding. Specific gravity decreased essentially by adding fly ash. Whereas there was falling on the Dry unit weight value with the contract to the decreasing in the water content. The CBR and UCS values were increased with increasing fly ash content. 20% was the optimum fly Ash content. This study also benefits the effective use of fly ash and thus a cost-effective method for improving the soil properties.
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Narendra, B. S., P. V. Sivapullaiah i H. N. Ramesh. "Optimum lime content of fly ash with salt". Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement 7, nr 4 (październik 2003): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/grim.2003.7.4.187.
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Al Bakri Abdullah, Mohd Mustafa, H. Kamarudin, Omar A. K. A. Abdulkareem, Che Mohd Ruzaidi Ghazali, A. R. Rafiza i M. N. Norazian. "Optimization of Alkaline Activator/Fly ASH Ratio on the Compressive Strength of Manufacturing Fly ASH-BASED Geopolymer". Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (październik 2011): 734–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.734.
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Fly ash and a mixture of alkaline activators namely sodium silicate (Waterglass) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution were used for preparing geopolymer. The aim of this research is to determine the optimum value of the alkaline activator/fly ash ratio. The effect of the oxide molar ratios of SiO2/Al2O3, water content of the alkaline activator and the Waterglass% content were studied for each Alkaline activator/fly ash ratio. The geopolymers were synthesized by the activation of fly ash with alkaline solution at three different alkaline activator/fly ash ratios which were 0.3, 0.35, and 0.4 at a specific constant ratio of waterglass/NaOH solution of 1.00. The geopolymers were cured at 70°C for 24 h and cured to room temperature. Results revealed that the alkaline activator/fly ash ratio of 0.4 has the optimum amount of alkaline liquid, which shows the highest rate of geopolymerization compared to other ratios. A high strength of 8.61 MPa was achieved with 0.4 of activator/fly ash ratio and 14% of waterglass content.
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Du, Chuan Wei, Guo Zhong Li i Xiao Long Li. "Preparation and Study on the Properties of Expanded Perlite / Fly Ash Floating Beads Insulation Material". Applied Mechanics and Materials 540 (kwiecień 2014): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.540.213.
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In this paper, expanded perlite / fly ash floating beads insulation material was made of expanded perlite, fly ash floating beads, cement, fly ash and VAE emulsion by adding decent additives, like waterproof agent, in the pressure forming process. The effects of molding pressure, VAE emulsion content, fly ash floating beads content and waterproofing agent content on the properties of thermal insulation material were studied, and the internal microscopic morphology of thermal insulation material was observed by SEM. Besides, the related action mechanism was explored. The test results show that the optimum ratio as follows: molding pressure of 0.46 MPa, VAE emulsion content of 20%, fly ash floating beads content of 20%, waterproof agent content of 7%.
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Ma, Qin-yong, Zi-ming Cao i Pu Yuan. "Experimental Research on Microstructure and Physical-Mechanical Properties of Expansive Soil Stabilized with Fly Ash, Sand, and Basalt Fiber". Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (21.10.2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9125127.
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Expansive soil is a source of risk to the foundations or subgrade engineering. Stabilization of expansive soil is imperative for practical engineering. A series of laboratory experiments were performed to analyze the physical-mechanical properties and microstructures of stabilized soil. Three stabilizers used in this study are fly ash, sand, and basalt fiber. Different percentages of fly ash (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%), sand (0, 8, 16, and 24%), and basalt fiber (0 and 0.4%) were added by weight into natural soil. Experimental results indicate that the optimum moisture content of stabilized soil increases with the increase of fly ash content for a given sand content, whereas the maximum dry density shows a decreasing trend. The variation trend of optimum moisture content and maximum dry density turns reverse with the increase of sand content for a given fly ash content. Plasticity index is decreased by both increasing fly ash content and sand content. It is found that the maximum unconfined compressive strength and optimum growth rate of strength are obtained by selected mixtures of 10% fly ash, 8% sand, and 0.4% basalt fiber contents. As the analysis of complementary effect suggests, most of the mixt treatments applied in this study have produced good results associated with the strength enhancement of expansive soil. In line with the results of SEM tests, the connection among clay particles has been enhanced through the generation of hydration products (C-S-H and AFt) of fly ash. The filling effect of sand has increased the integrality and compactness of stabilized soil. Moreover, the gripping effect between fibers and soil particles notably improves the strength of stabilized soil. The effect of sand on reinforced soil with 0.4% basalt fiber increases the interfacial force between fibers and soil particles.
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Wan, Juan, Jun Zhu, Henglin Xiao i Qiang Ma. "Study on Mechanical and Ecological Properties of Fly Ash Substrate for Ecological Slope Protection". Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (18.06.2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8095219.
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In order to realize the resource utilization of fly ash, a kind of ecological slope protection substrate was prepared by mixing fly ash produced by MSW incineration into slope protection soil. Through the direct shear test and a leaching experiment on ion pollutants, the influence that shear strength of the substrate changed with root content, ash content, and moisture content and the ecological effects of leach liquor were investigated. The results showed the following: (1) When the optimum moisture content is about 24.9%, the shear strength of the substrate is the maximum. (2) Fly ash can improve the shear strength of the soil, which can reach 1.67 times as much as that of plain soil, and the optimum content of fly ash is 5%–6.7%. (3) The root system can increase the cohesion and internal friction angle of the substrate soil but mainly increases the cohesion of the substrate soil. (4) Plants grow taller in ash-mixed soil than in plain soil. (5) When the fly ash content is 20%, the ion concentrations of Cl, Cu, and Zn are the highest: 220.7, 0.153, and 1.526 mg/L, respectively. All of them are lower than the standard limit of class V water and gradually decrease with time. Therefore, the leaching liquid will not cause environmental pollution and meet the ecological requirements.
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Cross, Stephen A., i David A. Young. "Evaluation of Type C Fly Ash in Cold In-Place Recycling". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1583, nr 1 (styczeń 1997): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1583-10.
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The Kansas Department of Transportation has developed an innovative method of rehabilitating low-volume pavements using cold in-place recycling (CIR) and Type C fly ash. Previous field test sections have indicated that fly ash improves constructability and moisture sensitivity. However, the same field test sections have exhibited increased cracking with increased fly ash content and a drop in pavement modulus with time. A laboratory study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of fly ash content on CIR. Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) was mixed with 3, 7, 11, and 15 percent Type C fly ash and the fatigue life, durability, freeze-thaw resistance, and thermal cracking potential of laboratory-compacted samples were evaluated. RAP mixed with asphalt emulsion and asphalt emulsion with hydrated lime were evaluated as well. The results indicated that 7 to 11 percent Type C fly ash provided optimal laboratory freeze-thaw and moisture sensitivity performance. Increasing the fly ash content resulted in a brittle fatigue behavior as well as an increased thermal fracture temperature. AASHTO T283 is recommended for selecting the optimum fly ash content.
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Cao, Ziming, Qinyong Ma i Hongwei Wang. "Effect of Basalt Fiber Addition on Static-Dynamic Mechanical Behaviors and Microstructure of Stabilized Soil Compositing Cement and Fly Ash". Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (11.11.2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8214534.
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The purpose of this article is to evaluate the influence of basalt fiber content on the static-dynamic mechanical properties and microstructure of cement-fly ash-stabilized soil. The optimum mixed contents of cement and fly ash were obtained from the results of a series of physical and mechanical experiments. Based on the optimum mixed contents of cement and fly ash, the static-dynamic mechanical performances and microstructure of cement-fly ash-stabilized soil reinforced with basalt fiber were studied by means of the unconfined compression test, dynamic compression test (namely, SHPB test), and SEM test. The results demonstrated that the addition of basalt fiber in cement-fly ash-stabilized soil significantly enhanced the static-dynamic mechanical properties of stabilized soil. With basalt fiber content varying from 0% to 1.2%, the unconfined compressive strength, dynamic compressive strength, dynamic increase factor, and specific energy absorption of stabilized soil showed an upward trend first and a downward trend subsequently. The unconfined compressive strength, dynamic compressive strength, and energy absorption ability have a maximum improvement under the optimum basalt fiber content of 0.6%. In addition, the inclusion of basalt fiber can change the failure pattern of cement-fly ash-stabilized soil. The fractal dimension of broken fragments decreased gradually with the increasing basalt fiber content and increased correspondingly with the increasing impact loading pressure. With the basalt fiber content of 0.6%, a stable internal space structure produced inside stabilized soil. However, there are many fiber-fiber weak interfaces that appeared inside stabilized soil under the basalt fiber content of 1.2%. The microstructural observations can be considered as the good interpretations to verify the macroscopic mechanical characteristics.
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Simatupang, Minson, Lukas Kano Mangalla, Romy Suryaningrat Edwin, Adris Ade Putra, Muhammad Thahir Azikin, Nini H. Aswad i Wayan Mustika. "The Mechanical Properties of Fly-Ash-Stabilized Sands". Geosciences 10, nr 4 (8.04.2020): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10040132.
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The stabilization of soil through the addition of fly ash has been shown to be an effective alternative for improving the strength and stiffness of soil through the resulting chemical reactions. The chemical reaction that occurs dissociates the lime (CaO) in the fly ash, and the establishment of cementitious and pozzolanic gels (consisting of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) gel and calcium aluminate hydrate (CAH) gel) binds the soil particles and increases the strength and stiffness of the soil. Investigations into the mechanical properties of sands stabilized with fly ash (fly-ash-stabilized sands) were conducted through a series of unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and direct shear strength tests for various fly ash percentages, curing times, grain sizes, degrees of saturation during sample preparation, and content of fines. It was found that the mechanical properties—UCS and direct shear strength (DSS)—of fly-ash-stabilized sands increased with both increasing fly ash content in the specimen and curing time, but decreased with increasing grain size, degree of saturation during sample preparation, and content of fines. The results indicated that fly-ash-stabilized sands required more than a month to attain their optimum performance with regard to binding sand particles.
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Sun, Xue Jing, Yong Sheng Zhao i Zhi Wei Sang. "Influence of Fly Ash on Clay Liner". Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (maj 2012): 2543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.2543.
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Compacted clay is commonly used as an essential material for reducing the permeability in landfill sites. However, compacted clay has defect with shrinkage and desiccation cracking during cyclic drying and wetting, which may increase hydraulic conductivity of compacted clay. It’s necessary to modify clay, and make it have anti-cracking performance. The main objective of the study is to determine the content of fly ash on clay. Laboratory tests were done to determine optimum moisture content, hydraulic conductivity, volume shrinkage on different content fly ash modified clay. It was determined that a certain proportion of fly ash can improve the permeability of clay, and reduce the cracking clay.
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Lubis, Ediantonius, Antoni Antoni i Djwantoro Hardjito. "KOMPOSISI CAMPURAN OPTIMUM BOTTOM ASH DAN FLY ASH SEBAGAI AGREGAT BUATAN". Dimensi Utama Teknik Sipil 2, nr 1 (30.04.2015): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/duts.2.1.16-23.
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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memanfaatkan sebanyak mungkin limbah batubara terutama bottom ash sebagai bahan agregat buatan. komposisi campuran optimum bottom ash dan fly ash sebagai bahan agregat buatan adalah 1 semen: 3 fly ash: 20 bottom ash dalam perbandingan berat, kuat tekan agregat buatan pada umur 28 hari adalah 2,45 MPa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode air di spray pada bottom ash, sehingga bottom ash dapat dimanfaatkan sebanyak mungkin untuk agregat buatan, jumlah kebutuhan air yang di spray sebanyak 25-35% dari berat bottom ash. Hasil pengujian water content pada agregat buatan dalam keadaan SSD 23,25%. Berat jenis agregat buatan pada komposisi campuran B12F3 sebesar 1672 Kg/m³ dan angka kuat tekan sebesar 3,40 MPa pada umur 28 hari. Sedangkan uji kuat tekan beton dengan komposisi campuran 1 semen: 1½ pasir: 2½ agregat buatan pada umur 28 hari sebesar 18,37 MPa, berat jenis beton berbahan agregat buatan adalah 2098 Kg/m³.
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Kartikasari, Dwi, i Sugeng Dwi Hartantyo. "PENGGANTIAN FILLER DENGAN FLY ASH DAN SERBUK BATU BATA PADA CAMPURAN ASPAL (AC-WC) FILLER REPLACEMENT WITH FLY ASH AND BRICK POWDER IN MIX OF ASPHALT (AC-WC)". UKaRsT 1, nr 1 (4.04.2017): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30737/ukarst.v1i1.259.
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Asphalt concrete wearing course as a wear layer in highway pavement layer, Is the top layer in flexible pavement. In this research will be discussed on the use of Portland cement filler as a reference to compare filler replacement with fly ash and powdered brick with 100% fly ash, 100% powdered brick and 50% fly ash: 50% powder brick. The first step after the aggregate testing, the asphalt and filler material to be used, followed by the manufacture of the specimen with the specified asphalt content. After obtaining the optimum asphalt content for each different filler variation, a Marshall test was performed to obtain flow stability and density values. In this research we get the optimum asphalt content value of 5,5% for each specimen. The result of this research mixed with good quality using 100% Portland cement filler stability value of 112.19 kg and the lowest using filler 100% fly ash but the result still meet the specifications of clan. While the MQ value with 100% filler of brick powder under specification of Bina Marga is 213. So it can be concluded that a good filler for asphalt concrete wearing course mixture is with Portland cement.Keywords: Filler, Fly Ash, Brick Powder, Asphalt AC-WC
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Dong, Xiang Jun, Xin Liu i Rui Jiang. "High Strength Concrete Orthogonal Test of Employing Twin Admixture Technique of Grade II Fly Ash and S95 GGBS". Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (sierpień 2013): 1455–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.1455.
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This paper focuses on experimental investigation to produce high strength concrete by employing twin admixture technique of grade II fly ash and S95 GGBS. Different regions have different characteristic of the material, so the strength of high strength concrete would be influenced. At present most of the domestic studies about high strength concrete use the first class powered coal ash and rarely grade II fly. In this study, grade II fly ash is chosen. The dosage of grade II fly ash, S95 GGBS and the water reducing agent are given as the influencing factors of high-strength concretes compressive strength and collapsed slump, and determined the optimum mix amount of the components. The data of strength about the age of 3 day, 7 day and 28 day are analyzed. The results are showed the optimum content of grade II fly ash is between 15% and 20%, S95 GGBS is 15% and water reducing agent is 2%.
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Zong, Yanbing, Xuedong Zhang, Emile Mukiza, Xiaoxiong Xu i Fei Li. "Effect of Fly Ash on the Properties of Ceramics Prepared from Steel Slag". Applied Sciences 8, nr 7 (20.07.2018): 1187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8071187.
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In this study, SiO2–Al2O3–CaO–MgO steel slag ceramics containing 5 wt % MgO were used for the preparation of ceramic bodies, with the replacement of 5–20 wt % quartz and feldspar by fly ash. The effect of the addition of fly ash on the sintering shrinkage, water absorption, sintering range, and flexural strength of the steel slag ceramic was studied. Furthermore, the crystalline phase transitions and microstructures of the sintered samples were investigated by XRD, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and SEM. The results showed that the addition of fly ash affected the crystalline phases of the sintered ceramic samples. The main crystal phases of the base steel slag ceramic sample without fly ash were quartz, diopside, and augite. With increasing fly ash content, the quartz diffraction peak decreased gradually, while the diffraction peak intensity of anorthite became stronger. The mechanical properties of the samples decreased with the increasing amount of fly ash. The addition of fly ash (0–20 wt %) affected the optimum sintering temperature (1130–1160 °C) and widened the sintering range. The maximum addition amount of fly ash should be 15 wt %, for which the optimum sintering temperature was 1145 °C, water absorption was 0.03%, and flexural strength was 43.37 MPa higher than the Chinese national standard GBT 4100-2015 requirements.
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Abdillah, Mohammad Zainudin, i Dwi Kartikasari. "SUBSTITUSI FILLER PADA CAMPURAN ASPAL DENGAN FLY ASH DAN SERBUK BATU BATA". Jurnal CIVILA 3, nr 1 (15.05.2018): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.30736/cvl.v3i1.219.
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Asphalt concrete wearing course as a wear layer in highway pavement layer, Is the top layer in flexible pavement. In this research will be discussed on the use of Portland cement filler as a reference to compare filler replacement with fly ash and powdered brick with 100% fly ash, 100% powdered brick and 50% fly ash: 50% powder brick. The first step after the aggregate testing, the asphalt and filler material to be used, followed by the manufacture of the specimen with the specified asphalt content. After obtaining the optimum asphalt content for each different filler variation, a Marshall test was performed to obtain flow stability and density values. In this research we get the optimum asphalt content value of 5,5% for each specimen. The result of this research mixed with good quality using 100% Portland cement filler stability value of 112.19 kg and the lowest using filler 100% fly ash but the result still meet the specifications of clan. While the MQ value with 100% filler of brick powder under specification of Bina Marga is 213. So it can be concluded that a good filler for asphalt concrete wearing course mixture is with Portland cement.
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Al Sanad, Afaf Jadaan Obaid. "Elimination of Phenol Content in Baiji Refinery Waste Water Using Ash Supported Cupper". Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 20, nr 4 (31.12.2013): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.20.4.04.
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High level of phenolic compounds is realized in some refinery waste water; fly ash waste of electrical station is applied in a trickle bed reactor to eliminate phenolic compounds contents in that wastewater. The fly ash with a cupper added was applied at different operation conditions namely pressure (5, 10, and 15), solution pH (5, 7 and 9), and 2-3 hr-1 liquid hourly space velocity. The fly ash catalyst exhibited an optimum performance in the reactor at 2 hrs-1, 150 °C and 15 bar with a pH of 5 with a phenol conversion of 93.43% within a time period of 3hrs.
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Li, Lihua, Jiang Zhang, Henglin Xiao, Zhi Hu i Zhijie Wang. "Experimental Investigation of Mechanical Behaviors of Fiber-Reinforced Fly Ash-Soil Mixture". Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (3.02.2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1050536.
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In recent years, applications of different types of solid waste in fiber-reinforced soil are developed to improve the strength of soil. This study presents an experimental investigation of mechanical properties of polypropylene fiber-reinforced fly ash-soil mixtures. A series of direct shear tests and unconfined compression tests were carried out. The effects of fly ash content and fiber content on compaction characteristics, shear strength, strength parameters, and unconfined compressive strength of the reinforced soil are investigated and discussed. Results reveal that when the fly ash content of the specimen exceeds 20% and the curing period exceeds 14 days, specimens become more brittle in the unconfined compression tests. It can be deduced that 30% fly ash and 1% fiber provide the optimum content, and the inclusion of fiber reinforcement has positive benefits on the mechanical properties of the reinforced soil to a certain extent.
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Hei, Mingchang, A. Fayou, Xiong Jia, Wenbin Peng i Chuan Yin. "Study on Durability of Concrete under Alkali-Aggregate Reaction". Geofluids 2022 (9.06.2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4223791.
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The alkali-aggregate reaction has always had a great impact on the safety and durability of concrete projects. Therefore, the study of concrete failure mechanism under alkali-aggregate reaction has become a hot topic in the engineering field. This paper takes the Longtanqing debris flow ditch concrete treatment project as the background. Based on the alkali-aggregate reaction inhibition test under different conditions, regression analysis and trend surface analysis were used to study the correlation between fly ash content, expansion rate of concrete specimens, and curing age. And the engineering measures are put forward to effectively inhibit the alkali-aggregate reaction: (1) the optimum amount of fly ash appears at 30%-40%, fly ash has the strongest ability to inhibit alkali-aggregate reaction; when the content of fly ash is less than 20%, the fly ash ability to inhibit alkali aggregate reaction is weak. (2) To lower the height of the alkali content of concrete, there is 35% of the grade I class F coal ash as concrete admixture.
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Juanda, Rizky Hendarta, Heri Azwansyah, S. Nurlaily Kadarini i Komala Erwan. "UTILIZATION OF FLY ASH FROM PLTU KETAPANG AS FILLER ON HOT ROLLED SHEET (HRS-Base)". Jurnal TEKNIK-SIPIL 22, nr 2 (16.12.2022): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jtsft.v22i2.59382.
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The utilization of stone dust waste produced from PLTU Ketapang coal combustion process is still below optimal level. Produced waste reached ± 23,13 ton /day which consists of 99,5% of fly ash and 0,5% bottom ash. As a result, the writer gained an idea of using fly ash as a filler in bitumen mixture, especially in Hot Rolled Sheet – BASE (HRS – BASE). The study was aimed to compare fly ash and stone dust if used as filler in Hot Rolled Sheet – BASE (HRS – BASE) mix in marshall test including void analysis which consistsed of VMA, VIM, VFB, and MQ. The planned test item concentration of tar was on the level of 6%, 6,5%, 7%, 7,5%, and 8%. The mixture which used stone dust as filler resulted in optimum bitumen content of 6,90% and the result of marshall test diplayed 912,072 kg of stability, 3,333 mm flow, 4,306% VIM, 18,018 % VMA, 82,681% VFB, and 273,745 kg/mm MQ. In the mixture which used fly ash as the filler resulted in optimum bitumen content of 7,1% with the marshall test displayed 877,132 kg of stability, 3,433 flow, 3,985% of VIM, 18,150% VFB, and the Marshall Quotient (MQ) 255,716 kg/mm.
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Juanda, Rizky Hendarta, Heri Azwansyah, S. Nurlaily Kadarini i Komala Erwan. "UTILIZATION OF FLY ASH FROM PLTU KETAPANG AS FILLER ON HOT ROLLED SHEET (HRS-Base)". Jurnal Teknik Sipil 22, nr 2 (16.12.2022): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jtst.v22i2.59382.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The utilization of stone dust waste produced from PLTU Ketapang coal combustion process is still below optimal level. Produced waste reached ± 23,13 ton /day which consists of 99,5% of fly ash and 0,5% bottom ash. As a result, the writer gained an idea of using fly ash as a filler in bitumen mixture, especially in Hot Rolled Sheet – BASE (HRS – BASE). The study was aimed to compare fly ash and stone dust if used as filler in Hot Rolled Sheet – BASE (HRS – BASE) mix in marshall test including void analysis which consistsed of VMA, VIM, VFB, and MQ. The planned test item concentration of tar was on the level of 6%, 6,5%, 7%, 7,5%, and 8%. The mixture which used stone dust as filler resulted in optimum bitumen content of 6,90% and the result of marshall test diplayed 912,072 kg of stability, 3,333 mm flow, 4,306% VIM, 18,018 % VMA, 82,681% VFB, and 273,745 kg/mm MQ. In the mixture which used fly ash as the filler resulted in optimum bitumen content of 7,1% with the marshall test displayed 877,132 kg of stability, 3,433 flow, 3,985% of VIM, 18,150% VFB, and the Marshall Quotient (MQ) 255,716 kg/mm.
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Majeed, Qutaiba, Abdalla M. Shihab M Shihab, Jasim M. Abbas i Saad Sh. Sammen. "Improving the Characteristics of a Soft Clay Soil Using Cement Activated Low-Calcium Fly Ash". Diyala Journal of Engineering Sciences 14, nr 3 (1.09.2021): 8–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24237/djes.2021.14302.
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In this research, the potential improvement of some geotechnical characteristics of soft clay soil using the low Calcium fly ash was evaluated. (These characteristics include unit weight, shear strength, compaction characteristics and soil plasticity characteristics). In addition, the X-ray diffraction test was performed to measure the mineralogical changes in the soft clay soil when the low Calcium fly ash is added. The ordinary Portland cement was used to activate the fly ash. The total percent of flash and cement was10% to investigate the variation in the effectiveness of activation. The optimum moisture content that which computed by the compaction test was adopted in the rest of the experimental program. The test results revealed that the cement could be used to improve the activating of the fly ash efficiently. The maximum value of dry density was marginally affected due to activation from 1.747 to 1.738 g/cm3 along with a corresponding change in optimum water content from 17.45 to 15.5 %. The soil cohesion parameter increased from 188 to 206 kN/m2 whereas the angle of internal friction rose from about 56.7o to 59.1o. Finally, the results of the unconfined compression test reveal that the cement-activated fly ash could present better results than those obtained from a 28-days curing cement.
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Umar, M., i H. M. Alhassan. "Efficacy of Class C Fly Ash as a Stabilizer for Marginal Residual Soil". LAUTECH Journal of Civil and Environmental Studies 5, nr 1 (27.09.2020): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/laujoces/0202/50(0101).
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Two laterites samples known for their deficiency in road construction were used to assess the efficacy of Class C fly ash in improving their engineering properties. The two samples were taken from Danbare and Dausayi localities within Kano Metropolis and the fly ash was sourced from the Nigerian Coal Corporation, Enugu. Preliminary tests on the two samples confirmed their deficiency for use in road construction. The processed fly ash was blended with the laterite samples at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18%. Hence, the treated soil samples were tested for plasticity, compaction and strength properties. Results obtained revealed reduction in plasticity properties as the fly ash contents increased. Similarly, Maximum Dry Density (MDD) decreased as the fly ash content increased while the Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) of the treated soils increased for the two samples. Peak CBR values of 16 and 35% were obtained at 9 and 15% fly ash contents for samples 1 and 2, respectively. The unconfined compression tests showed considerable improvement in strength properties higher than the values of the natural soils. The peak 7 days strength of 630 and 1410 kN/m2 were observed at 12% and 15% fly ash content for samples 1 and 2, respectively.
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Ahmed, T., R. Chowdhury i M. Rahman. "Stablization of medical waste incineration fly ash in cement mortar matrix". Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 55, nr 2 (16.06.2020): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v55i2.47633.
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Laboratory experiments were performed to assess the suitability of using medical waste incineration fly ash in cement as a construction material based on the engineering properties of fly ash-cement matrix and the leaching potential of toxic heavy metals from the stabilized mix. Fly ash-cement samples were prepared with different proportions of fly ash (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight) in the laboratory under controlled conditions. The solidified matrix exhibited a compressive strength from 3950 to 4980 psi when fly ash is mixed in varying proportions. The 28-day compressive strength has been found to decrease with the increase in fly ash content but it meets the minimum requirement of compressive strength for cement-mortar. Soundness test exhibited acceptable results for cement-mortar mixes having up to 15% fly ash. Final and initial setting times of cement have been found to generally increase with fly ash content. Water requirement (for normal consistency) also increased with the increase in fly ash content in cement. Based on physical properties of the cement-mortar matrix it is recommended that up to 10% (by weight) medical waste incineration fly ash can be incorporated for producing cement-mortar of optimum quality. Leaching behaviors of several targeted heavy metals (As, Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb, Hg and Zn) were analyzed using Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP) of fly ash and solidified fly ash-cement matrix which shows that the leached concentrations of As, Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn were reduced by 80.13%, 89.47%, 33.33%, 23.9% and 100% respectively for 10% fly ash incorporated cement-mortar matrix compared to that of original fly ash. The leached concentrations of heavy metals from the matrix were far below the EPA land disposal limits. These results suggest that the solidified fly ash incorporated cement-mortar matrix can effectively confine and immobilize the heavy metals contained in the fly ash without significantly diminishing the engineering properties of cement-mortar.
Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.55(2), 131-138, 2020
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Roy, Gourab, Wasim Iftikar i G. N. Chattopadhyay. "Effect of Moisture Status on Vermicomposting of Organic Waste Amended Fly Ash". Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 48, nr 3 (1.08.2022): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.401.
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Vermicomposting of organic waste amended fly ash has lately emerged as an effective biotechnology for degrading this waste material as source of plant nutrients. Present study attempted to determine the optimum moisture status for such bio-conversion. Vermicomposting of organic waste mixed fly ash under different moisture regimes showed improvement in microbial activity well as different indicators of composting with increase in moisture status of the substrate up to 50-55% moisture content. This was closely followed by 40-45% moisture range. The quality of the product, as assessed by availability of three major plant nutrients, was also found to be superior under these moisture regimes. Maintenance of 40-55% moisture range for facilitating optimum vermicomposting of organic waste amended fly ash has been suggested.
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Risdanareni, Puput, Adjib Karjanto i Febriano Khakim. "Physical Properties of Volcanic Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete". Materials Science Forum 841 (styczeń 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.841.1.
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This paper describes the result of investigating volcanic ash of Mount Kelud as fly ash substitute material to produce geopolymer concrete. The test was held on geopolymer concrete blended with 0%, 25%, 50% and 100% fly ash replacement with volcanic ash. Natrium Hidroxide (NaOH) with concentration of 12 molar and Natrium Silicate (Na2SiO3) were used as alkaline activator. While alkali-activator ratio of 2 was used in this research. The physical properties was tested by porosity and setting time test, while split tensile strength presented to measure brittle caracteristic of geopolymer concrete. The result shown that increasing volcanic ash content in the mixture will increase setting time of geopolymer paste. On the other hand increasing volcanic ash content will reduce split tensile strength and porosity of geopolymer concrete. After all replacing fly ash with volcanic ash was suitable from 25% to 50% due to its optimum physical and mechanical properties.
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Jaya, Danang, Anisa Anisa, Dian Prasetyani Basuki i Tunjung Wahyu Widayati. "Leaching SiO₂ On Coal Fly Ash As Ammonium Adsorbent In Tofu Liquid Waste Using Hydrothermal Method". Eksergi 19, nr 3 (14.11.2022): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.31315/e.v19i3.8204.
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Soybean is one of the main food commodities in Indonesia. One of the soybean processing that is often consumed is tofu. Inappropriate treatment of tofu liquid waste is very dangerous for life. It is noted that the ammonia content in tofu liquid waste is 23.3-23.5 mg/l which can cause odors that disturb the residents' comfort. One alternative solution for purifying tofu liquid waste is to carry out an adsorption process using coal fly ash. Fly ash contains metal oxides in the form of SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, CaO, MgO, K₂O, and Na₂O. The content of SiO₂ as much as 60-70% in it causes fly ash to be very potential to absorb ammonia levels. Extraction of SiO₂ using the sol gel method was carried out using fly ash that had gone through a hydrothermal process. The hydrothermal process is a crystallisation technique in a closed container with high temperature and pressure. After going through the extraction stage, the ongoing process was continued with the washing stage to produce silica powder to adsorb ammonium. The mass required for silica to achieve the optimum ammonia concentration adsorption efficiency is 0.25 gram/20 ml of tofu liquid waste. Meanwhile, the contact time required for silica to achieve the optimum adsorption efficiency of ammonium content is 30 minutes. It was noted that the silica from the optimised fly ash processing had a better quality than the unoptimized silica or commercial silica.
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Amadi, Agapitus A. "Improvement of Barrier Soil Properties with Fly Ash to Minimize Desiccation Shrinkage". International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 7 (wrzesień 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.7.1.
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Barrier Systems Built with Fine Grained Soils Frequently Loose their Hydraulic Integrity due to Desiccation Cracking either during Construction or Shortly Thereafter. Moreover, Typical Specifications for the Construction of Compacted Soil Liners and Covers Require that the Soil Be Compacted Wet of Optimum Water Contents to Achieve the Lowest Possible Hydraulic Conductivity, a Condition that Results in High Desiccation Shrinkage Values. however, such Soils Can Be Treated with Fly Ash to Maintain Low and Tolerable Desiccation Shrinkage Strains. in this Study, Volumetric Shrinkage Strains of Representative Fine Grained Soil Containing 0 – 20% Fly Ash by Dry Weight of Soil Compacted with the British Standard Light (BSL), West African Standard (WAS) and British Standard Heavy, (BSH) Compaction Efforts at Moisture Contents Ranging from 10 – 20% Were Evaluated. Measurements Indicate that Volumetric Shrinkage Strain Decreased with Higher Fly Ash Content and that Fly Ash Effectively Reduced the Shrinkage of Untreated Soil Prepared Wet of Optimum from 4.4 – 7.7% to Values Well below the 4% Threshold. the Measured Shrinkage Strains Were Related to Water Content and Dry Unit Weight on the Dry Unit Weight – Moulding Water Content Curve in what Is Referred to as Acceptable Zone. Data Points within the Acceptable Zone Represent Test Results with Shrinkage Strain ≤ 4% which Ensures Compaction Efficiency. this Study Therefore Established that Fly Ash Application and Appropriate Regulation of the Moulding Water Content Are Feasible Means of Reducing the Risk of Barrier Soil Damage by Shrinkage Cracks while still Realizing Very Low Hydraulic Conductivity and Adequate Strength.
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Zia, Nayyar, i Patrick J. Fox. "Engineering Properties of Loess-Fly Ash Mixtures for Roadbase Construction". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1714, nr 1 (styczeń 2000): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1714-07.
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Southwest Indiana has large deposits of wind-blown loess. Similar deposits are found in other states, including Illinois, Kentucky, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, and Nebraska. These soils consist of uniform silt with a plasticity index ranging from 0 to 10. This material is suitable for road construction if it is compacted dry of optimum. However, the material is difficult to work after it becomes wet, which commonly results in construction delays. Indiana also has large stockpiles of Class C fly ash from coal-burning power plants. The ash has cementitious properties after hydration (because of the high calcium content) and can be mixed with native soil to produce a weakly cemented soil. Significant interest exists at the Indiana Department of Transportation about the possibility of using Class C fly ash to improve the engineering properties of Indiana loess soils. The results of a laboratory testing program on the properties of loess–fly ash mixtures are presented. Various percentages of fly ash were mixed with loess soil and specimens were permitted to cure for 3 h to 28 days. Pure loess also was tested for comparison. Changes in Atterberg limits, moisture-density relationships, swell potential, and unconfined compression strength are presented. Based on this testing program, a simple method was developed to determine the optimum fly ash content for construction of a workable loess roadbed to avoid delays in construction due to wet conditions. The data presented will be useful for evaluating the stabilization of loess soils with Class C fly ash in Indiana and other states with significant loess soil deposits.
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Nugroho, Soewignjo, Sri Wardani i Agus Muntohar. "Density, load and fly ash effect on stabilization of high plasticity soil with lime". Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences 16, nr 2 (30.06.2023): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30772/qjes.v16i2.925.
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The reuse recycling materials or industrial waste materials with aims to reduce pollution and environmental pollution, strongly supports concept of green building. Fly Ash is result of combustion pulverized system coal at the PLTU Tenayan, is no longer included in the B3 waste category. The usage of Fly Ash usage as building material, mine restoration, roads in this decade, is to replace cement or lime. The fly ash composition is mixed with lime for sub-base, will applied on high plasticity soils. A fix-mixture of soil and lime 5%, mixed with fly ash up to 30% of the mixture. The samples test was made at Optimum Moisture Content, with density values around Maximum Dry Density i.e. under compacted (under MDD) and over compacted (above MDD). Consolidated testing was performed with and without curing. Changes of load are represented by load increment ratio (LIR). The selected LIR value is 1.0; 1,5; and 2.0. The results showed that the higher of density, the volume of void is lower. The soil compression index value is the same for all density values, if the soil structure has not destroyed. or fatigue yet. In samples with crushed/broken soil structures, the value of the compressibility index decreased sharply. Curing successfully decreased the void ratio and compressibility of the soil. The strength of fly ash will decrease when reacting with water, so if soil burdened, the void ratio decreases drastically. The formation of strong molecular bonds between Fly ash and lime takes time. So, the compressibility value of the sample by curing 28 days is better than without curing. The composition levels between fly ash and lime also affects the compressibility index of the mixture. The optimum combination occurs in samples with a fly ash content of 25%.
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Jili, Qu, Wang Junfeng, Batugin Andrian i Zhu Hao. "Characterization and Comparison Research on Composite of Alluvial Clayey Soil Modified with Fine Aggregates of Construction Waste and Fly Ash". Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 28, nr 1 (1.01.2021): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2021-0008.
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Abstract Fine aggregates of construction waste and fly ash were selected as additives to modify the characteristics of Shanghai clayey soil as a composite. The laboratory tests on consistency index, maximum dry density, and unconfined compressive strength were carried out mainly for the purpose of comparing the modifying effect on the composite from fine aggregates of construction waste with that from fly ash. It is mainly concluded from test results that the liquid and plastic limit of the composites increase with the content of two additives. But their maximum dry density all decreases with the additive content. However, fine aggregates of construction waste can increase the optimum water content of the composites, while fly ash on the contrary. Finally, although the two additive all can increase the unconfined compressive strength of composites, fly ash has better effect. The current conclusions are also compared with previous studies, which indicates that the current research results are not completely the same as those from other researchers.
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Bujang, H., M. Y. Aman i M. N. M. Taher. "Volumetric Properties of Asphalt Mixture Containing Fly Ash Geopolymer". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1022, nr 1 (1.05.2022): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1022/1/012034.
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Abstract Countries around the world face challenges to maintain their existing road networks with the increasing development of the transportation industry in the past few decades. In Malaysia, dense graded asphalt has been paved extensively in most of the major road network. This paper presents the volumetric properties of asphalt mixture incorporating fly ash geopolymer. SuperpaveTM mix design method was employed with the nominal maximum aggregate size 12.5 mm to obtain the optimum binder content. In the respect, binder 80/100 and 60/70 penetration grade with 0%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9% and 11% fly ash geopolymer by weight of asphalt binder were prepared. Bulk specific gravity and maximum theoretical specific gravity were determined to meet criteria asphalt binder at 4.0 percent air voids. The results indicated that, the optimum binder content for binder grade 80/100 and 60/70 is in range 5.02% – 5.83% and 5.03% - 6.00% respectively. The outcomes of this research significantly used for further performance test and analysis on asphalt mixture.
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Liu, Yan Yan, Jian Jun Li i Yan Fu. "Research of the Admixture Influence Cement Stabilized Macadam Vibrating Compaction Effect". Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (styczeń 2012): 1171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.1171.
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The cement stabilized macadam mixed with different admixture influence the vibration compaction effect , under certain aggregate gradation and vibration parameters, carry out vibratory compaction and compaction tests on cement stabilized macadam with incorporation of different admixture and cement dose of 4% , test results show that: when single mix water-reducing agent, adding 1.0% , cement stabilized macadam most easily compacted; when single mix fly ash, the mixing 30%, cement stabilized macadam most easily compacted; when compound mixed with fly ash and water-reducing agent, help reduce optimum water content, increasing the maximum dry density compared with single mix water-reducing agent or fly ash , and water-reducing agent dosage is 1.0%, fly ash dosage is 20% are the best.
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Xia, Chun, Bing Jie Wang i Qi Lin Song. "Study on Pozzolanic Activity of Mineral Admixtures in Forms of Li-Salt Industrial Residue and Fly Ash". Key Engineering Materials 302-303 (styczeń 2006): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.302-303.162.
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Tests have been done to study the compound mineral admixtures of lithium-salt industrial residue (LSR) and fly ash. The results indicate that the addition of LSR plays a significant influence on both pozzolanic activity and strength of concrete at ages of 7d, 28 d, and 60 d respectively. An optimum dosage of LSR is identified in the compound admixtures. It is of certain practical value to the study and application of the high compound admixtures content and high fly ash content concrete.
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Kepli, Muizzatun Nasirah, Poi Ngian Shek, Mahmood Md Tahir, Abdul Rahman Mohd.Sam, Nor Hasanah Abdul Shukor Lim i Eeydzah Aminudin. "Experimental study on compressive strength of Interlocking Hollow Block System (IHBS) using fly ash". E3S Web of Conferences 347 (2022): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234702008.
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Interlocking Hollow Block System (IHBS) is a reasonable solution for conventional block masonry due to its structural ability and building capability. In addition, economic and ecological building of brickwork can be achieved by incorporating fly ash into IHBS. The main aim of the research is to produce interlocking compressed hollow block that satisfy the standard requirement as in Eurocode 6. The study is essentially divided into 2 phases, block production and block compression testing. This paper studies on the compressive strength of interlocking hollow clay block with various compositions including laterite soil, cement, sand and fly ash. The optimum mix design is achieved with minimum compressive strength of 7 MPa, which comply with the standard BS 5628-1:1992 Code of practice for Use of masonry – Part 1: Structural use of unreinforced masonry. Test result on addition of fly ash revealed that the optimum fly ash content was 2% with the highest compressive strength of 10 MPa. The results of this study show that the proposed block mixture meets the standard strength requirements and the structural performance of the masonry block is improved by adding fly ash into the mix design.
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Alfiyan, Bhagus, i Heru Susanto. "Utilization of Fly Ash as Ceramic Support Mixture for the Synthesis of Zeolite Pervaporation Membrane". Advanced Materials Research 896 (luty 2014): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.896.74.
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s. Ethanol purification is a key problem during fuel grade bioethanol production. Conventional distillation cannot be used any more after the ethanol concentration has reached azeotrophic condition (~95 wt.%). In this case pervaporation (PV) is recognized as one of the promising alternative purification technologies. The performance of pervaporation is significantly influenced by the membrane material used. This paper utilizes fly ash, a solid waste from coal combustion of thermal power plant, to prepare porous support pervaporation membranes. The support was prepared from a mixture of fly ash, kaolin and alumina. The support membrane was then coated by crytallization of hydrophilic zeolite. The results show that the the performance of support material was influenced by the preparation temperature and fly ash content. The addition of fly ash and the increase in alumina concentration would raise the mechanical strength of the membrane but the more the fly ash used the harder the support to be molded. An optimum fly ash content in support layer was found to be ~50 wt.% of the mixture. The higher calcination temperature the better the resulting support layer. Zeolite crystallization on the support layer was influenced by crytallization temperature, zeolite solution concentration, and crystallization time.
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Li, Xiao Long, i Guo Zhong Li. "Study on the Performance of New Foamed Cement Insulation Material". Advanced Materials Research 648 (styczeń 2013): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.648.112.
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In this experiment, cement, fly ash, quicklime, foaming agent and foam stabilizer were used as raw materials to prepare the new foamed cement insulation material. Single-factor tests were designed to study the influence of different dosages of foaming agent, foam stabilizer and quicklime on the material properties. The optimum ratio was determined: content of fly ash was 25%, water-cement ratio was 0.37, content of foaming agent was 4.5%, content of foam stabilizer was 1.2% and content of quicklime was 1.5%. The material is tested: 3d compressive strength of the material is 1.049MPa, 3d flexural strength of the material is 0.608MPa.
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Fauziyyah, Salma. "Carbon Emissions Assessment Fly ash and Steel Slag As a Substitute for Cement in Concrete Mixing Using the Method Artificial Neural Networks". Structure 5, nr 1 (29.03.2023): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31000/civil.v5i1.7861.
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Concrete is a construction material made from a mixture of Portland cement, air, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and sometimes also uses admixture materials with a certain ratio. Cement, which is the binding agent in the concrete mixture, contributes to 8% of the world's carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Fly ash and steel slag are one of the wastes that are currently being researched and developed as cement ingredients in concrete mixtures. This is because the chemical composition of fly ash and slag associated with cement is very suitable when added to concrete mixtures.This study aims to find out of the optimal of fly ash and slag content in the concrete mixture in terms of strength by using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method and in accordance with SNI 7656: 2012. Furthermore, this study also aims to measure the ratio of CO2 emissions that are produced from normal concrete, concrete with fly ash, and concrete with steel slag, using references from Idemat2014 and Ecoinvent V3.The results showed that the optimum content of fly ash class F, fly ash class C, and steel slag in the concrete mixture were 30%, 20%, and 55%, respectively. The results also concluded that steel concrete slag as the lowest emitter of CO2 compared to normal concrete, class F fly ash concrete, and class C fly ash concrete. Keywords: concrete, fly ash, steel slag, ANN, comppresive strength, CO2 emission
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Dixit, Abhishek, Manish Nigam i Rahul Mishra. "EFFECT OF FLY ASH ON GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL". International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 3, nr 5 (30.01.2020): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v3.i5.2016.62.
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This paper investigates the effect of fly ash (generated from thermal power plant, Panki, Kanpur) on geotechnical properties of local soil, Bhauti Kanpur (U.P), INDIA. The fly ash used in the experimental work was of Class ‘F’ and soil was clayey in nature .Fly ash collected from the hopper attached to an electrostatic precipitator when coal was changed at a coal fired power plant. Concerning the major challenges regarding the safe reuse, management and disposal of these wastes an attempt has been made to mix fly ash at 5,10, 15, 20, 25, and 30% on the basis of dry weight with local clay soil. To understand the behavior of fly ash with soil, numbers of laboratory experiments were performed on the local soil (clay) and contaminated soil with varying percentage of fly ash. As the result, it is shown that all the investigated properties were decreased except CBR value and optimum moisture content.