Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Open Hole Tensile Testing

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Open Hole Tensile Testing”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Open Hole Tensile Testing"

Sanei, Seyed HR, Andrew Arndt i Randall Doles. "Open hole tensile testing of 3D printed continuous carbon fiber reinforced composites". Journal of Composite Materials 54, nr 20 (23.01.2020): 2687–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998320902510.

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In this study, the effects of stress concentration on the tensile properties of a 3D printed carbon fiber-nylon composite were investigated. The samples were 3D printed with continuous carbon fiber and chopped fiber reinforced nylon. Samples were manufactured with four different open hole sizes as 3. 175 mm (⅛ in), 6.35 mm (¼ in), 9.25 mm (⅜ in), and 12.7 mm (½ in). Five samples were manufactured for each hole size group. Continuous carbon fibers were printed in the longitudinal direction. Additional reinforcements were placed around the periphery of the open hole. Samples were tested under uniaxial tension. The results were compared with the prediction of fracture mechanics theories namely Average and Point Stress Criteria. The results show that failure was initiated at the stress concentration region but the progression into the hole was prevented with the presence of continuous fiber. The experimental findings show that the samples with larger holes are more sensitive to discontinuity than the ones with smaller holes. The results confirm that 3D printing can be used to strengthen the parts at the discontinuity region to mitigate the effect of stress concentration.

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Bale, J. "Damage Behaviour and Stress Concentration Factor of Open Hole Tensile (OHT) Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Composites". International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 16, nr 4 (30.12.2019): 7299–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.16.4.2019.09.0543.

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In many applications of composites, open-hole frequently includes for various purposes. However, further study on open-hole behaviour is still required, including on its strength and damage properties by combining experimental testing, real-time observations and calculations based on theoretical analysis and simulation model. The objective of this study is to understand the effect of an open-hole glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites on tensile (static) properties, damage behaviour through Non-destructive Testing (NDT) Thermography and stress concentration factor (SCF). This study used an open-hole rectangular of GFRP specimens that fabricated by filament winding (FW) method and resin transfer moulding (RTM) method. It is found that the RTM specimens generate ≈ 170 % higher of tensile strength and ≈ 100 % higher of tensile modulus compared to the FW specimens. Infra-red (IR) camera shown the good detection on damage behaviour based on temperature increase at elastic and failure phase. Moreover, theoretical analysis and simulation results shown the good correlation where SCF reaches more than 4 times at the edge of the hole. This study concludes that open-hole on GFRP composites affects the tensile properties and generates damage marked by temperature increase and high SCF at the edge of the hole.

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Dave, Harshit K., Ashish R. Prajapati, Shilpesh R. Rajpurohit, Naushil H. Patadiya i Harit K. Raval. "Open hole tensile testing of 3D printed parts using in-house fabricated PLA filament". Rapid Prototyping Journal 26, nr 1 (6.01.2020): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-01-2019-0003.

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Purpose Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is being increasingly used in automotive and aerospace industries because of its ability to produce specimens having difficult geometrical shape. However, owing to lack of critical information regarding the reliability and mechanical properties of FDM-printed parts at various designs, the use of 3D printed parts in these industries is limited. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of process parameters of FDM on the tensile strength of open-hole specimen printed using in-house-fabricated polylactic acid (PLA). Design/methodology/approach In the present study, three process parameters, namely, raster angle, layer thickness and raster width, are selected for investigation of tensile strength. To produce the tensile specimens in the FDM machine, the PLA filament is used which is fabricated from PLA granules using a single-screw extruder. Further, the experimental values are measured and critically analysed. Failure modes under tests are studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Findings Results indicate that the raster angle has a significant effect on the tensile strength of open-hole tensile specimen. Specimens built with 0° raster angle, 200-µm layer thickness and 500-µm raster width obtained maximum tensile strength. Originality/value In this work, a new concept of testing a plate that has a rectangular shape and a circular hole at the centre is tested. Open-hole tensile test standard ASTM D5766 has been implemented for the first time for the FDM process.

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Zhang, Xiao Qiong, Wei Guo Guo i De Shuan Kong. "Damage Analysis of 2D Woven Composite Laminates Containing an Open-Hole under Tensile Loadings". Key Engineering Materials 525-526 (listopad 2012): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.525-526.373.

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In order to understand damage mechanism, the influences of lay-up construction of laminates and environgment on tension behavior of 2D woven composite laminates with an open-hole, which was manufactured by a new technology, uniaxial tension tests are performed in 3 different environments on 4 kinds of lay-up specimens, using a WE-50 electromechanical universal material testing machines. The fracture of specimens are analysed through micrographic observations. The result show that there is a large difference both in tensile strength and damage mechanism due to different kinds of lay-up specimens: 1) the tensile strength of specimens that only with ±45 degree laminated is much lower than other samples with different kinds of layup and its tensile stress-strain curves presents nonlinear; 2)The failure modes and damage mechanism determines the strength of specimens; 3)The change of environment had a certain effect on the mechanical behaviors of materials, in this paper, it will cause the tensile strength of speicmens decreasing.

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Strungar, Elena, Dmitrii Lobanov i Valery Wildemann. "Evaluation of the Sensitivity of Various Reinforcement Patterns for Structural Carbon Fibers to Open Holes during Tensile Tests". Polymers 13, nr 24 (7.12.2021): 4287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13244287.

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This paper is devoted to the experimental study of polymeric composite specimens, with various types of reinforcement, in order to evaluate the breaking strength of specimens with open holes when undergoing uniaxial compression and tensile tests. Four types of interlaced 3D woven preforms were considered (orthogonal, orthogonal combined, with pairwise inter-layer reinforcement, and with pairwise inter-layer reinforcement and a longitudinal layer), with a layered preform used for comparison. Tensile tests of solid specimens without a hole, under ASTM D 3039, and of specimens with an open hole, under ASTM D 5766, were carried out using the Instron 5989 universal electromechanical testing system. Movements and strains on the specimen surface were recorded using a Vic-3D contactless optical video system and the digital images correlation method (DIC). For all the series of carbon fiber tension specimens, strain and stress diagrams, mechanical characteristics, and statistical processing for 10 specimens were obtained. The paper evaluated deformation fields for certain points in time; the obtained fields showed an irregular distribution of deformation and dependency on types of reinforcing fibers. A coefficient of strength variation is introduced, which is defined as a ratio of the ultimate stress limits obtained on solid samples with and without open holes. Within the framework of ASTM D 5766, when calculating the ultimate stress, the hole is not taken into account, and the paper shows that for certain structures a hole cannot be excluded. The hole size must not be neglected when calculating the ultimate stress.

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Hallett, Stephen R., Ben G. Green, Wen-Guang Jiang, Kin Hei Cheung i Michael R. Wisnom. "The open hole tensile test: a challenge for virtual testing of composites". International Journal of Fracture 158, nr 2 (19.03.2009): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10704-009-9333-8.

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Bale, Jefri, Emmanuel Valot, Martine Monin, Olivier Polit, Claude Bathias i Tresna Soemardi. "Tomography Observation of Fiber Reinforced Composites after Fatigue Testing". Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (październik 2015): 937–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.937.

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This work presented an experimental study to observe the inside conditions and damage appearances of fiber reinforced composites material by non destructive testing (NDT) method. In order to achieve this, an open hole specimen of unidirectional glass fiber composite (GFRP) and discontinuous carbon fiber composite (DCFC) had been using as the specimen test under tensile fatigue loading and observed using post failure monitoring techniques of NDT namely computed tomography (CT) scan. The results shown that the tomography observation based on segmentation method of gray value gives a good detection on early damage appearances before final failure of GFRP and DCFC after tensile fatigue loading conditions.

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Iragi, M., C. Pascual-González, A. Esnaola, U. Morales, J. Aurrekoetxea, C. S. Lopes i L. Aretxabaleta. "Design, manufacturing and testing of 3D printed variable-stiffness laminates for improved open-hole tensile behaviour". Additive Manufacturing 63 (luty 2023): 103418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2023.103418.

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Bale, Jefri, Emmanuel Valot, Martine Monin, Peggy Laloue, Olivier Polit, Claude Bathias i Tresna Priyana Soemardi. "Damage Observation of Glass Fiber/Epoxy Composites Using Thermography and Supported by Acoustic Emission". Applied Mechanics and Materials 627 (wrzesień 2014): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.627.187.

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This work presents an experimental study to monitor the damage propagation of composite material by non destructive testing (NDT) method. In order to achieve this, an open hole condition of glass fiber/epoxy composite has been used as the specimen test under static tensile loading and observed using two different real-time monitoring techniques of NDT namely infra-red (IR) camera and supported by Acoustic Emission. The results show that the thermal response and acoustic emission signals give a good detection on damage appearance and damage propagation of glass fiber/epoxy composite under static tensile loading conditions.

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Farrow, I. R., J. Lee i C. D. Kong. "Flexural Testing of Composite Laminates for Drilling Trial Assessment". Advanced Composites Letters 9, nr 4 (lipiec 2000): 096369350000900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369350000900403.

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This work presents a study of flexural testing as a convenient method for ranking drilling trials of composite materials. The work includes an experimental study of drilling parameter effects on composite laminate hole quality as measured by static tension, compression and flexural open hole tests. Flexural testing and results processed in terms of the outermost 0° layer provides a consistent ranking of holes drilled with different process parameters despite only subtle changes in static notched strength for the thick composite samples tested. Specific observations from flexural tests are consistent with current drilling practices in terms of best process parameter settings and the method shows sufficient sensitivity to distinguish between the effects of drill-entry and drill-exit damage and subtle changes in lay-up.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Open Hole Tensile Testing"

Arshad, Mubeen. "Damage tolerance of 3D woven composites with weft binders". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/damage-tolerance-of-3d-woven-composites-with-weft-binders(2b1435bc-fdb7-47c3-b555-ca5ea2883b4b).html.

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3D woven composites, due to the presence of through-thickness fibre bridging, have the potential to improve damage tolerance and at the same time to reduce the manufacturing costs. However, the ability to withstand damage depends on weave architecture as well as the geometry of individual tows. A substantial amount of research has been performed to understand in-plane properties as well as the performance of 3D woven composites exposed to impact loads, but there is limited research on the damage tolerance and notch sensitivity of 3D weaves and no work is reported on the damage tolerance of 3D weaves with a weft binding pattern. In view of the recent interest in 3D woven composites, the influence of weft binder on the tensile, open hole tensile, impact resistance and subsequent residual compressive strength properties and failure mechanisms of 3D woven composites was investigated against equivalent UD cross-ply laminate. Four different 3D woven architectures; layer-to-layer, angle interlocked, twill angle interlock and modified angle interlock structures were produced under identical weaving conditions. All the above mentioned tests were performed in both the warp and weft directions on 3D woven and UD cross-ply laminates. Stress concentration and yarn waviness due to through-thickness reinforcement led to lower mechanical properties compared with the UD cross-ply laminate. However, improved in-plane and damage tolerance properties of 3D woven composites under tensile loads were achieved by modifying the weave architecture. The influence of the weave architecture and binder yarn orientation on the notch insensitivity and damage tolerance of 3D woven composites was less significant for compressive loads. Despite the lower undamaged compression strength of 3D woven structures, their residual compressive strength was found to be superior to their equivalent UD cross-ply laminates. The lower rate of strength reduction in the 3D woven fabrics laminates was attributed to a crack bridging mechanism, effectively inhibiting delamination propagation.

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Mollenhauer, David Hilton. "Interlaminar Deformation at a Hole in Laminated Composites: A Detailed Experimental Investigation Using Moire Interferometry". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30680.

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The deformation on cylindrical surfaces of holes in tensile loaded laminated composite specimens was measured using new moire interferometry techniques. These new techniques were developed and evaluated using a 7075-T6 aluminum control specimen. Grating replication techniques were developed for replicating high quality diffraction gratings onto the cylindrical surfaces of holes. Replicas of the cylindrical specimen gratings (undeformed and deformed) were fabricated onto circular steel sectors. Narrow angular regions of these sector gratings were directly evaluated in a moire interferometer. This moire interferometry approach eliminated potential sources of error associated with other moire interferometry approaches. Two composite tensile specimens, fabricated from IM7/5250-4 pre-preg with ply layups of [0₄/90₄]_3s and [+30₂/-30₂/90₄]_3s, were examined using the newly developed moire interferometry techniques. Circumferential and thickness direction displacement fringe patterns (each 3 degrees wide) were assembled into 90 degrees wide mosaics around the hole periphery for both composite specimens. Distributions of strain were calculated with high confidence on a sub-ply basis at select angular locations. Measured strain behavior was complex and displayed ply-by-ply trends. Large ply related variations in the circumferential strain were observed at certain angular locations around the periphery of the holes in both composites. Extremely large ply-by-ply variations of the shear strain were also documented in both composites. Peak values of shear strain approached 30 times the applied far-field axial strain. Post-loaded viscoelastic shearing strains were recorded that were associated with the regions of large load-induced shearing strains. Large ply-grouping related variations in the thickness direction strain were observed in the [+30₂/-30₂/90₄]_3s specimen. An important large-scale trend was observed where the thickness direction strain tended to be more tensile near the outside faces of the laminate than near the mid-ply region. The measured strains were compared with the three-dimensional analysis technique known as Spline Variational Elastic Laminate Technology (SVELT), resulting in a very close match and corroborating the usefulness of SVELT.
Ph. D.

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Lai, Wen-You, i 賴玟佑. "The Study of Open Hole and Pin Hole Tensile Properties of Self-reinforced PET Composites". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96et73.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
材料科學與工程系
104
The tensile and bearing strength of notched composites is an important factor for composite structural design. However, no literature is available on the notch sensitivity and pin loaded effects of self-reinforced polymer composites. In this study, self-reinforced recycled poly (ethylene terephthalate) (srrPET) composites were produced by film stacking from fabrics composed of double covered uncommingled yarns (DCUYs). Composites specimens were subjected to uniaxial tensile, flexural and Izod impact tests and the related results compared with earlier ones achieved on srPET composites reinforced with non-recycled technical PET fibers. Further on, the effects of open circular holes on the tensile strength of srrPETs with various width-to-hole diameter (W/D) ratios of the specimens, the effects of pin-loaded tensile behavior of srrPET composites with various W/D ratios and edge distance-to-hole diameter (E/D) ratios of the specimens, the endurance limit of tension–tension fatigue of pin loaded composites and damage development in srrPETs assessed by located acoustic emission were studied. Damage development in srrPET composites indicates that srrPET composites have higher resistance of the composite to crack propagation. These results proved that srrPET composites is tough, ductile notch-insensitive materials and have superior load carrying capability. The experimental results indicate that the bilinear (yielding followed by post-yield hardening) stress-strain curves were recorded in the open hole tensile (OHT) measurements. The srrPET composites had extremely high yield strength retention (up to 142%) and high breaking strength retention (up to 81%) due to the superior ductile nature of the srrPET composites, which induces plastic yielding near the hole thereby reducing the stress concentration effect. The superior load carrying capability is found in srrPET composites and highly dependent on the W/D ratios. The bearing failure mode occurs in W/D>4, the composites has high yield bearing strength (99.4 MPa) and extremely high ultimate bearing strength (199.3 MPa) due to strong interfacial bonding between the fiber and matrix contributes higher bearing strength. The strong interfacial bonding in srrPET composites has higher fatigue cycles and shows good endurance ability.

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Santos, Rafael Alexandre Mota dos. "Effect of the Distance Between Impact Point and Hole Position and Non-Perpendicular Holes on the Impact Strength of Composite Laminates". Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/7703.

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The effect of the distance between impact point and hole position and the angle of the hole with the vertical axis was studied. In order to understand this effect, flexural tests were also performed to evaluate the bending strength of CFRP. In terms of distance of the hole, a maximum reduction of 29.7% on the bending load for a distance of 0 mm was found. This reduction was 22.3% on the impact load. In terms of angle of the hole, a maximum load reduction of 15.6% on the bending strength was found and for the impact load this value was found to be 7% for 20º. The fatigue resistance was also studied. An average reduction of 68.5% on the fatigue resistance of GFRP was obtained for an impact energy of 12 J, in the presence of a hole.
O efeito da distância entre o ponto de impacto e posição de um furo e o ângulo do mesmo com o eixo vertical foi estudado. Para avaliar este efeito, foram também realizados ensaios de flexão. Em termos de distância do furo, uma redução máxima da resistência à flexão de 29,7% foi verificada para uma distância do furo de 0 mm. Esta redução foi de 22,3% no carregamento de impacto. Em termos de ângulo do furo, a redução máxima do carregamento foi de 15,6% para a flexão e em relação ao impacto este valor foi de 7%, para um ângulo de 20º. A resistência à fadiga foi também estudada. Foi verificada uma redução média de 68,5% na resistência à fadiga em compósitos de fibra de vidro para uma energia de impacto de 12 J, na presença de um furo.

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Książki na temat "Open Hole Tensile Testing"

E, Masters John, i Langley Research Center, red. Standard methods for open hole tension testing of textile composites. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1995.

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L, Bradley Walter, Texas A & M University. Mechanics and Materials Center. i United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., red. Micromechanics of compression failures in open hole composite laminates: A report. College Station, Tex: Mechanics and Materials Center, Texas A&M University, 1987.

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Moss, A. C. Fracture characteristics of carbon and aramis unidirectional composites in interlaminar shear and open hole tensile tests. Amsterdam: National Aerospace Laboratory, 1986.

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L, Norman Timothy, i Langley Research Center, red. Effect of open hole on tensile failure properties of 2D triaxial braided textile composites and tape equivalents. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1995.

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Staff. Standard Methods for Open Hole Tension Testing of Textile Composites. Independently Published, 2018.

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Micromechanics of compression failures in open hole composite laminates: A report. College Station, Tex: Mechanics and Materials Center, Texas A&M University, 1987.

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Kubecka, Chris. Down the Rabbit Hole An OSINT Journey: Open Source Intelligence Gathering for Penetration Testing. Chris Kubecka, 2017.

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Części książek na temat "Open Hole Tensile Testing"

Sunny, K. K. Singh i Ruchir Shrivastava. "Tensile Loading Rate Effect on Open-Hole Tensile Strength and Failure Mechanism of Polymer Composites". W Advances in Lightweight Materials and Structures, 281–91. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7827-4_28.

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Huang, Chunfang, Mingchang He, Yonglyu He, Jiayu Xiao, Jianwei Zhang, Su Ju i Dazhi Jiang. "Investigation of Tensile Property of Thin Ply Composite Laminate with Open-Hole Assisted by Acoustic Emission Technology". W Advanced Functional Materials, 731–40. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0110-0_81.

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Gururaja, Suhasini, Nithinkumar Manoharan, Jayaram Pothnis i Anil Chandra. "Open Hole Fatigue Testing of CNT Infused GFRP Multi-scale Composite Laminates Using Infrared Thermography". W Fracture, Fatigue, Failure and Damage Evolution, Volume 3, 19–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17467-4_3.

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"Open-Hole Tensile and Compressive Strengths of Laminates". W Experimental Characterization of Advanced Composite Materials, Third Edition. CRC Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/noe1587161001.ch13.

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Zahid Qamar, Sayyad, Maaz Akhtar i Tasneem Pervez. "Experimental Setup for Swellable Elastomers in Cased and Open Holes". W Swelling Elastomers in Petroleum Drilling and Development - Applications, Performance Analysis, and Material Modeling. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94723.

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A full scale experimental setup was designed and commissioned for testing of swelling elastomer seals against a casing (cased hole) and formation (open hole). Actual replicate of wellbore was designed with varying inside diameters and roughness to reproduce the effect of actual formation. The Dynaset packer mounted on a 7-inch tubular was allowed to swell against a 9–5/8-inch casing, while the fast swell packer mounted on a 9–5/8-inch tubular was allowed to swell against the 12–1/4-inch replicated well bore. This one-of-its-kind test setup can demonstrate the way the elastomers swell out and fill the asperities against smooth outer casing (cased hole) or against rough wellbore surface (open hole). Dismantling of the test setup midway through the testing scheme revealed a severely dimpled surface of the swelled elastomer.

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Chen, Yajun, Fa Dong, Xinyu Geng, Xiaojie Bai i Yanbin Wang. "Research on Blasting Technical Scheme of Hillside Open-Pit Mine with Heterogeneous and Complex Rock Mass". W Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220406.

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In order to reduce the large rocks produced by blasting of hillside open-pit mine with heterogeneous and complex rock mass in arid area, based on the lithology characteristics of complex rock mass of the Dabancheng Limestone Hillside Open-pit Mine in Hongshun, Xinjiang, the key technology for blasting in homogeneous and complex rock mass hillside open-pit mine is proposed in this paper. We can conclude from the experiment that (1) it is preferable to have a detonation network that realizes multi-stage millisecond differential, multiple combinations of detonating unit forms, and variable blast hole connection lines; (2) the blasting parameters, charge structure and millisecond interval are optimized to make the blasting efficiency to be effective continually; (3) the radial tensile stress of reflected tensile wave is enhanced and the rock breaking mechanism of heterogeneous complicated rock mass is revealed.

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Zahid Qamar, Sayyad, Maaz Akhtar i Tasneem Pervez. "Numerical Investigation of Elastomer Seal Performance". W Swelling Elastomers in Petroleum Drilling and Development - Applications, Performance Analysis, and Material Modeling. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94728.

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Analytical models for swelling of rubberlike materials are difficult to formulate, and restricted in actual application due to their need for simplifying assumptions. Tests conducted on laboratory size samples of swelling elastomers cannot reproduce actual oil well conditions, and cannot cover all possible variations of testing parameters. However, these laboratory tests do provide useful information about material response of swellable elastomers in various conditions, serving as a basis for analytical and numerical modeling. Properly developed and robust numerical models can be used to predict near-actual performance of elastomeric seals. The current chapter describes the use of numerical (finite element) simulation to investigate swelling elastomer seal behavior in downhole petroleum applications. Variations in sealing (contact) pressure are studied for seal length, seal thickness, compression ratio, water salinity, swelling time, and type of well completion (open-hole or cased-hole). Month-long swelling experiments on samples of two actual elastomers (Chapters 3 and 7) provide input to the numerical model in terms of real material and deformation data. On the basis of these results, petroleum engineers can make informed decisions about the selection of elastomer material and seal geometry appropriate for the well type and conditions encountered. Application developers and researchers can also find this investigation useful in performance analysis and design of swelling elastomer seals.

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Humphreys, Hilary. "Case 28". W Oxford Case Histories in Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, redaktor Hilary Humphreys, 186–92. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198846482.003.0028.

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Nocardia are opportunist pathogens, especially affecting patients with T-cell deficiencies, such as those on prolonged high-dose corticosteroids. They are found in the environment, associated with ornamental fish, and Nocardia asteroids complex is most commonly associated with human disease. Infection may result in a brain abscess, pulmonary infection, or disseminated disease including involvement of the skin. Steriotactic aspiration or via a burr hole to obtain a sample are replacing open craniotomy, unless the brain abscess is large. Previously, laboratory confirmation was dependant on prolonged culture and stains for acid-and alcohol-fact bacilli, but increasingly, molecular techniques are used to diagnose this and other causes of brain abscess. Consensus and clinical experience suggest that co-trimoxazole with or without a carbapenem, are the initial empiric anti-infectives of choice for nocardiosis. Susceptibility testing should be carried out on available isolates as treatment is usually for 6 months or longer.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Open Hole Tensile Testing"

MANOHARAN, NITHINKUMAR, i SUHASINI GURURAJA. "EFFECT OF CONTROLLED LOCAL MICROSTRUCTURAL MODIFICATION OF GLASS FIBER EPOXY COMPOSITES ON PROGRESSIVE DAMAGE PROPAGATION UNDER TENSILE LOADING". W Proceedings for the American Society for Composites-Thirty Seventh Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc37/36440.

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Advanced composite materials are defined by hierarchical, heterogeneous, and anisotropic behavior, resulting in complex, multi-scale progressive damage mechanisms, making failure predictions even under simple loading a challenging task. With the widespread usage of polymer composites for structural applications, holes, notches, and other geometric features are often needed for assembly and other functional requirements necessitating improvements to the local architecture around the holes to alleviate associated stress concentration effects. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MW-CNTs) when incorporated with epoxy matrix have shown to increase the open-hole tensile (OHT) strength of unidirectional glass fiber reinforced plastic (UD-GFRP) laminates by altering the inherent damage mechanisms. To assess the incipience of damage in MW-CNT modified UD-GFRP laminates, X-ray microcomputed tomography (CT) of the specimen before and after failure have been carried out in the current work. Future work is ongoing to perform in situ tensile testing assisted with X-ray micro-CT to have a better understanding of damage evolution in the specimens.

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Ramulu, M., i Harinder Oberoi. "Edge Finishing Effects on Mechanical Properties of Composite Laminates". W ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-72583.

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Edge Finishing processes used in this study included Abrasive Water Jet and Carbide Router Endmilling for the trimming of the laminate material. For drilling of holes in the laminate material, Polycrystalline Diamond drills and Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) diamond coated carbide drills were used. Test material was machined with these processes and resultant surface integrity was recorded using a Surface Profilometer, Edge Replication using acetate tape and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The machining processes result in macroscopic defects which lead to the damage evolving with service loadings which can result in failure of the CFRP laminates in service. This study was conducted to research the effects of machining processes on residual strength of laminates. A 20 ply thick balanced symmetric [90/-45/0/-45/90/45/0/-45/0/90/0]s laminate was used in this study with a nominal thickness of 4.19 mm and with an average ply thickness of 190 μm. The laminate had a top layer of woven fabric material [0/90] and a bottom layer of fiberglass skin material. Mechanical testing was conducted on test specimens to failure for the tensile strength, compressive strength, open-hole tensile strength, open hole compressive strength and bearing strength. The failure mode and damage of the test specimens for each case was examined and discussed.

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Gahleitner, L., G. Thummerer i G. Mayr. "3D photothermal imaging of subsurface damage evolution in fibrous composite materials due to fatigue loading". W QIRT. QIRT Council, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21611/qirt.2022.3024.

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In this study, we present results from 3D photothermal imaging of the damage evolution in fibrous composite materials due to fatigue loading using the virtual wave concept. We apply pulsed thermography during step-wise fatigue loading for a carbon fiber-reinforced polymer sample, which contains a central open hole. In addition, we discuss the influence of the ambient conditions from in-situ photothermal testing on the virtual wave signal. Comparison with 3D computed tomography measurement data shows very good agreement with thermographic reconstructions. Thermography has the advantage over other methods that it allows inline measurements directly on the tensile testing machine

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Roos, Arne, Marcus Winkler, Georg Wimmer, Jorge F. Dos Santos i Stefanie Hanke. "New Approach on Solid State Joining of Stainless Steel Tube to Tube Sheet Joints". W ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65376.

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Hybrid friction diffusion bonding (HFDB) is a solid-state bonding process first introduced by Helmholtz-Centre Geesthacht, Germany, to join aluminium tube-to-tube sheet joints of coil-wound heat exchangers (CWHE) for liquefaction of natural gas (LNG). This study describes how HFDB was in a first step successfully transferred to create austenitic S32100 single hole tube-to-tube sheet joints. Process parameters are presented and results from subsequent non-destructive bubble leak testing and destructive tensile pull-out testing are discussed. After pull out testing the bonded areas were further investigated using optical microscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy. Leak tight joints were generated due to the formation of a metallic bond close to the planar friction area of the employed tools, and failure in pull-out tests occurred by ductile fracture. The results show that the HFDB approach developed for Al-alloys may well be transferred to steel, and in the future possibly to other high-temperature alloys. It thereby offers an alternative route for joining tube to tube-sheet connections in solid state, with the corresponding advantages, such as no open flames or arc, no spatter and no need for filler material.

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Pan, Jan Wei, Jinquan Cheng, Tomonari Furukawa, Athanasios P. Iliopoulos i John G. Michopoulos. "Experimental System and Validation for Energy-Based Characterization". W ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48902.

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This paper presents the experimental system and experimental validation of an energy-based characterization for the identification of elastic constants. Unlike the standard uniaxial testing machine, which uses a contact strain sensor such as extensometer, the developed system uses a non-contact optic sensor as an advantage to measure and derive external work and strain measurements for characterizing the elastic constants. To investigate the validity of the energy-based characterization, a graphical user interface and the experimental system were developed for the tensile tests of aluminum open-hole specimens. During the validation, the means and variances of the characterization results were analyzed. The reliability of its recursive estimation was further investigated by the convergence of covariance at every new measurement. Results showed that the recursive estimation allows identification of elastic constants of a test coupon at every acquisition of sensor data in an online manner. The identification of all the constants during deformation thus demonstrated the overall validity and efficiency of the energy-based characterization.

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Franco, Nata, Mauricio Corona, Mohamed AlMahroos i Thiago Kestring. "Optimizing Wireline Formation and Evaluation Operations in Deep Horizontal Wells: Case Study". W ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211651-ms.

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Abstract The evaluation of horizontal gas wells using routine logging tools is more challenging, when compared to vertical holes. The standard practice is to deploy logging tools on a drill pipe, typically known as Pipe Conveyed Logging (PCL), however, this standard conveyance method is risky and time-consuming. Therefore, this paper focuses on the optimization project to convert all PCL runs, including formation testing, into time-efficient operations by using groundbreaking wireline conveyance techniques. Assessing fit-for-purpose alternative options is necessary to de-risk open hole logging operations. Firstly, a thorough review of the logging requirements was performed for reservoir section in each hole size, namely 8-3/8″ and 5-7/8″. Concurrently, the wireline conveyance techniques present within the services provider's portfolio, were evaluated against the normal borehole conditions, open-hole risk profile and potential saving opportunities. Thus, the tailored risk-based workflow created suitable conveyance methods for each application. It ensured that the newly initiated solutions matched with operational needs. Considerations were also made to upgrade the existing technologies to meet the logging objectives. An extended-reach wireline deployed tractor system was implemented to pull the tools for over 2,800 ft of open hole of up to 87 degrees inclination, across highly depleted carbonates in the 8-3/8″ deviated section. This technology combines the use of an electric-driven tractor with low-friction taxi wheels. It provides better data quality due to enhanced tool stand-off and saves more than a day of rig time compared to a conventional PCL run. In addition, in the 8-3/8″ section, formation testing runs were conducted using high-tension cables with up to 60 dg inclination, and maximum overbalance of 3,920 psi. Up to 14 pressure points per run were taken down to 13,700 ft without deploring any differential sticking incidents or tool obstructions. PCL runs were replaced with through-the-bit logging services across the 5-7/8″ horizontal reservoir, typically stretching across 5,000 ft. This unique conveyance platform is designed for long laterals, and it consists of a suite of logging tools which is integrated to the drill string, allowing the combining of logging operations and reaming trips. Prior to running the stage-frac lower completion, the reservoir was successfully logged. This innovative engineered approach was implemented across large scale, multiple rigs, in one of the most prolific gas fields, accelerating the learning curve of logging operations optimizations. It has helped to decrease risk and lower well construction costs, by saving more than one day of rig operation time. Thus, alternative conveyance methods will enable operators and service companies to work tightly together, driving logging efficiency in the Middle East and other basins.

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Kopriva, Radim, Petra Klatovska, Katerina Rusnakova, Petr Gal, Ivana Eliasova i Dana Tonarova. "Optimization of Selected Parameters and Procedures in Small Punch Test Methodology". W ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21024.

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Abstract Assessment of reactor pressure vessels and other industrial components structural materials properties is currently based on the principles of using standardized and long-term employed methods of mechanical properties testing (e.g. impact tests, tensile tests). For the assessment of the current state and degradation prediction of an operated component, implementation of structural materials tests is nonetheless very complicated in terms of the availability of the material volume required to realization of tests in accordance with current normative documentation requirements. Due to the problematic material sampling from the operated component without affecting its integrity, more and more attention is paid to the implementation of perspective methods of evaluation of mechanical properties in processes of industrial component safe operation evaluation. These methods are mainly based on a semi-destructive approach allowing direct sampling of small volumes of material from the operated component and subsequent determination of mechanical properties using miniaturized test specimens. One of the most widespread perspective methods is the small punch test (SPT) - method based on the controlled deformation of thin sheets. The subject of the paper is the optimization of selected small punch test parameters, preparation technology of testing specimens and determination of suitable geometry of experimental fixtures, that are used for experiments in the testing laboratories. Within the experimental program attention is especially paid to the comparison of receiving hole edge configuration - radius/chamfer edge. The aim of the paper is to solve several open questions in the current state of small punch testing methodology and to obtain a comprehensive basis for the implementation of resulting recommendations into the process of currently ongoing standardization within the normative organizations ASTM and EN. This is achieved through a program of experimental tests and computational analyses (FEM) on the IAEA correlation material A533B (JRQ).

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Michopoulos, John G., Athanasios Iliopoulos, John C. Hermanson, Adrian C. Orifici i Rodney S. Thomson. "Preliminary Validation of Composite Material Constitutive Characterization". W ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71082.

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This paper is describing the preliminary results of an effort to validate a methodology developed for composite material constitutive characterization. This methodology involves using massive amounts of data produced from multiaxially tested coupons via a 6-DoF robotic system called NRL66.3 developed at the Naval Research Laboratory. The testing is followed by the employment of energy based design optimization principles to solve the inverse problem that determines the unknown parameters of the constitutive model under consideration. In order to validate identified constitutive models, finite element simulations using these models were exercised for three distinct specimen geometries. The first geometry was that of the characterization coupon under multiaxial loading. The second was that of open hole specimens in tension. The final one was that of stiffened panel substructures under tension. Actual experimental data from testing all these specimens were collected by the use of load cells, full field displacement and strain methods and strain gauges. Finally, the theoretical predictions were compared with the experimental ones in terms of strain field distributions and load-strain responses. The comparisons demonstrated excellent predictability of the determined constitutive responses with the predictions always within the error band of the methods used to collect the experimental data.

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Abu Bakar, Nurul Nadia Ezzatty, M. Aizat Haidi Hod, M. Abiabhar Abitalhah, Ahmad Faiz Omar i Hazlan Abdul Hakim. "Successful Delivery of Slim Well Design Concept for Future Marginal Fields". W Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31357-ms.

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Abstract This paper will discuss the key focus areas in successfully delivering a slim well design as a Proof Of Concept (POC) for marginal fields and well cost optimization. Well Tall-A is a Near Field Exploration (NFE) well targeting marginal reservoir which utilize the slim well concept; a 2-hole section well with 9-5/8" as the conductor. For a successful well execution, three (3) key focus areas were identified which are successful operation of 9-5/8" Casing While Drilling (CWD) to section TD, sustainability of 9-5/8" casing as conductor for the whole well life cycle and achievement of well objectives. Tall-A recorded the longest and successful 9-5/8" CWD Level 2 (non-directional) for Asia Pacific with 1168m drilled footage as of year 2020. Lessons learnt from previous PCSB 9-5/8" CWD operation were incorporated for casing bit selection hence a heavy-set casing bit (8 bladed) which has been proven in drilling long hole interval in the Middle East (>1000m) was utilized. Continuous monitoring during execution is essential in ensuring the casing is set at the desired setting depth. Sustainability of the 9-5/8" casing as conductor for the whole well life cycle is critical for a slim well design concept. Several studies and extensive discussions between multiple parties has been incorporated to enable utilization of the 9-5/8" as conductor with required sufficient tension to sustain the exploration well lifecycle. A conductor study was performed which incorporated the Metocean data, rig data and connection Stress Concentration Fatigue (SCF) to qualify the 9-5/8" as conductor. To meet the primary and secondary targets; the 8-1/2" hole needs to be kicked-off early and build up to maximum 44 deg before maintain tangent to final TD at 2752m MDDF. Due to the long open hole (1475m) and well inclination within the avalanche hole cleaning regime (30 to 60 deg), the well is prone to hole cleaning problem and wellbore instability. Hence, it is critical to have good drilling practices and precise mud weight selection to ensure no hole problem encountered. The well was successfully drilled to TD, completed the well testing and P&A. In summary, well Tall-A successfully maneuvered all challenges to deliver the well safely that resulted in Best In Class (BIC) performance. The slim well design concept has been proven achievable and serve as base design for future marginal wells.

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Barreto, Thays A., i Rafael C. Santiago. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE TENSILE STRENGTH OF OPEN-HOLE FIBER-METAL LAMINATES". W Brazilian Conference on Composite Materials. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21452/bccm4.2018.07.03.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Open Hole Tensile Testing"

Lovell, Alexis, Garrett Hoch, Christopher Donnelly, Jordan Hodge, Robert Haehnel i Emily Asenath-Smith. Shear and tensile delamination of ice from surfaces : The Ice Adhesion Peel Test (IAPT). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), wrzesień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41781.

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For decades, researchers have sought to understand the adhesion of ice to surfaces so that low-cost ice mitigation strategies can be developed. Presently, the field of ice adhesion is still without formal standards for performing ice adhesion tests. The U.S. Army Corps Engineers’ Research and Development Center’s Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (ERDC-CRREL) has a longstanding history as an independent third party for ice adhesion testing services. Most notably, CRREL’s Zero-Degree Cone Test (ZDCT) has been an industry favorite for more than 30 years. Despite its wide acceptance, the ZDCT contains some shortcomings, namely that freshwater ice is formed on the surface of interest within the confines of an annular gap. To address this limitation, CRREL developed and uses the Ice Adhesion Peel Test (IAPT) for testing ice adhesion. This test employs an open planar substrate from which the ice can be removed under either tensile or shear loading, thereby allowing ice to be grown directly on the target substrate without the use of molds. The IAPT configuration is therefore amenable to different ice types and geometries and will provide utility to research studies that aim to develop surface treatments to mitigate ice in a wide range of environments. This report describes the IAPT and its use for characterizing the ice adhesion properties of materials.

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