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Magraiya, Vijay Kumar, and Tarun Kumar Gupta. "ONOFIC-based leakage reduction technique for FinFET domino circuits." International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications 47, no. 2 (2018): 217–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cta.2583.
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Tiwari, Ayush. "Leakage Power Reduction in CMOS VLSI Circuits using Advance Leakage Reduction Method." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (2021): 962–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35065.
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Recently, consumption of power is key problem of logic circuits based on Very Large Scale Integration. More potentiality consumption isn’t considered an appropriate for storage cell life for the use in cell operations and changes parameters such as optimality, efficiency etc, more consumption of power also provides for minimization of cell storage cycle. In present scenario static consumption of power is major troubles in logic circuits based on CMOS. Layout of drainage less circuit is typically complex. Several derived methods for minimization of consumption of potentiality for logic circuits based on CMOS. For this research paper, a technique called Advance Leakage reduction (AL reduction) is proposed to reduce the leakage power in CMOS logic circuits. To draw our structure circuit related to CMOS like Inverter, inverted AND, and NOR etc. we have seen the power and delay for circuits. This paper incorporates, analyzing of several minimization techniques as compared with proposed work to illustrate minimization in ratio of energy and time usage and time duration for propagation. LECTOR, Source biasing, Stack ONOFIC method is observed and analyzed with the proposed method to evaluate the leakage power consumption and propagation delay for logic circuits based on CMOS. Entire work has done in LT Spice Software with 180nm library of CMOS.
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McKeon, D. G. C. "A functional approach to loop diagrams." Canadian Journal of Physics 74, no. 9-10 (1996): 614–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p96-089.
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A closed-form expression for the N-loop contribution to the generating functional can be written down using the heat kernel [Formula: see text]. If [Formula: see text] where Aμ and V are functions of the background field, then by using quantum-mechanical techniques, this heat kernel can be expanded in powers of the background field, allowing one to compute Green's functions. We demonstrate that one can also employ to this end a distinct functional approach developed by Onofri, which circumvents both loop-momentum integrals and the quantum-mechanical path integral. We illustrate the technique by computing the two-point function in scalar electrodynamics to one-loop order.
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McKeon, D. G. C. "The gravitational field about a spinning particle." Canadian Journal of Physics 78, no. 10 (2000): 947–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p00-073.
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We consider the action for N = 1 and N = 2 spinning particles in the presence of a background gravitational field. The action for the gravitational field induced by one-loop effects is examined to lowest order in the metric. This is the one-dimensional analogue of calculations performed in two-dimensional nonlinear sigma models. The inherent infrared divergences are quite severe, and it is found that the effective action depends crucially on how they are treated, as is the case in two-dimensional nonlinear sigma models. Using one approach, an intractable infrared divergence arises, while with another technique, the effective action vanishes. A calculational technique introduced by Onofri is employed. A novel N = 4 spinning particle is considered briefly.PACS No.: 12.60Jv
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Bauer, Stefan. "History for Hire in Sixteenth-Century Italy: Onofrio Panvinio’s Histories of Roman Families." Erudition and the Republic of Letters 4, no. 4 (2019): 397–438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24055069-00404002.
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Onofrio Panvinio was hired by sixteenth-century Roman families to write their histories and, where necessary, be prepared to bend the facts to suit their interests. This occasionally entailed a bit of forgery, usually involving tampering with specific words in documents. In most respects, however, Panvinio employed the same techniques—archival research and material evidence such as tombs and inscriptions—which distinguished his papal and ecclesiastical histories. This suggests that genealogy, despite being commissioned by aristocratic families to glorify their ancestries, can be seen as a more serious field of historical investigation than is often assumed. Yet the contours of this genre of history for hire in sixteenth-century Italian historiography are nowhere near exact. Panvinio struck a balance between fulfilling the expectations of the noble families who commissioned him and following his own scholarly instincts as an historian, but he nevertheless did not seek their publication. By contrast, Alfonso Ceccarelli, who also composed family histories, veered considerably in the direction of flattering his patrons, even forging entire papal and imperial privileges. Indeed, he was condemned to death for the forgery of wills concerning the property rights of nobles.
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Benmerzoug, Abdelmoumen, Jaroslava Svarc-Gajic, Natasa Nastic, Sofiane Guettaf, and Daoud Harzallah. "Subcritical water extraction of polyphenols from endemic Algerian plants with medicinal properties." Acta Periodica Technologica, no. 51 (2020): 191–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/apt2051191b.
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Ephedra alata, Ononis angustissima, and Genista saharae are endemic Algerian plants with pharmacological potential, used for centuries in traditional medicine. Herein the efficiency of subcritical water extraction (SWE) of phenols and flavonoids from these plants was evaluated by spectrophotometric assays. The most important operational parameters of the technique (temperature, pressure, time) were optimized for each plant based on phenols yield. At defined optimal extraction conditions (140?C for E. alata, 155?C for O. angustissima and G. saharae, 50 bars, 15min), maximum contents of phenols in the extracts were 16.13, 18.33, and 21.12 mg GAE/g dry weight, for E. alata, O. angustissima, and G. saharae, respectively. Considering the safety of the used solvent, excellent yields of phenols and short extraction time, subcritical water extraction can efficiently be used in exploitation of pharmacological potentials of the studied plants.
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Yokoyama, Shuichi. "Study of gauge gravity duality using flow equation." Impact 2020, no. 5 (2020): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2020.5.19.
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There are four elementary forces of nature that describe every interaction in nature: gravity, electromagnetism, the strong force and the weak force. Of these, gravity is the most commonly known and the one that we are most familiar with, but it is still one of the most difficult to explain. Dr Shuichi Yokoyama, from the Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics at Kyoto University in Japan, has spent his career studying quantum gravity. Yokoyama is working with a team of researchers, including Dr Tetsuya Onogi and Dr Sinya Aoki, focusing on tackling the problems surrounding our current understanding of gravity by employing modern techniques of theoretical physics, including quantum information and string theory.
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Li, J., Q. S. Ran, B. Hao, X. Xu, and H. F. Yuan. "Transsphenoidal Optic Canal Decompression for Traumatic Optic Neuropathy Assisted by a Computed Tomography Image Postprocessing Technique." Journal of Ophthalmology 2020 (August 12, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1870745.
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The endoscopic transethmoidal approach is favored for the lack of external scars, a wide field of view, and rapid recovery time. But the effect of iatrogenic trauma should not be ignored due to the removal of the uncinate process and anterior and posterior ethmoidal sinus. Anatomically, the optic nerve is close to the sphenoid sinus and Onodi cell. In order to preserve the uncinate process and ethmoidal sinus, we perform endoscopic transsphenoidal optic canal decompression (ETOCD), which is less invasive. However, the anatomy of sphenoid sinus is quite variable, and the anatomical landmarks are rare. Therefore, identifying the position of optic canal is particularly important during surgery. To solve this, we use a postprocessing technique to identify the position of the optic nerve and internal carotid artery on the sphenoid sinus wall. Our results find that VA in 13 patients improved, with a total improve rate of 59.1%. No serious complications were found. We also found that the length of optic canal is different and the medial wall of the optic canal was the longest (p<0.05). The middle section of the optic canal is the narrowest, which was significantly different from cranial mouth and orbital mouth (p<0.05). We assumed that decompression may not require removal of all medial wall. If we remove the length of the shortest wall on the medial wall of the optic canal, the compression may be relieved. Thus, ETOCD was a feasible, safe, effective, and less-invasive approach for patients with TON. The CT postprocessing imaging facilitated recognition of the optic canal during surgery. The decompression length of the medial wall may not need to be completely removed, especially near the cranial mouth.
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Zgórka, Grażyna. "Studies on Phytoestrogenic and Nonphytoestrogenic Compounds in Trifolium incarnatum L. and Other Clover Species Using Pressurized Liquid Extraction and High Performance Column Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode-Array and Fluorescence Detection." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 94, no. 1 (2011): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/94.1.22.
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Abstract HPLC coupled with photodiode array (PDA) and fluorescence (FL) detectors has been used for the identification and determination of phytoestrogenic (isoflavones and coumestrol) and nonphytoestrogenic (flavones) compounds in hydrolyzed and nonhydrolyzed extracts obtained from aerial parts of Trifolium incarnatum L. and related clover species. The effective isolation technique of pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was used. Various types of extraction solvents, i.e., ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, and water solutions (75%, v/v) of methanol or ethanol at changeable or constant temperatures were tested, taking into account the chemical character of isolated compounds. Higher PLE efficiency in relation to isoflavone aglycones was found for ethanol. Predominant isoflavone glycosides determined in clover samples were sissotrin and ononin, reaching levels above 1.4% dry weight (wt) in T. medium. The presence of flavone compounds (apigenin and luteolin) in aerial parts of T. incarnatum, occurring in amounts exceeding 0.4% dry wt, documented chemotaxonomic distinction of this species from other clovers examined. Additionally, within the group of phytoestrogenic isoflavones, only biochanin A and formononetin derivatives were identified in above-ground parts of T. incarnatum . The application of simultaneous PDA and FL detection enabled unambiguous confirmation of the lack of a strong phytoestrogen, coumestrol, in all hydrolyzed and nonhydrolyzed clover extracts.
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Omeje, Julius E., Anthonia I. Achike, Chukwuemeka J. Arene, Sunday A. Faleke, Queen C. Manuwuike, and Garba A. Usman. "Socio-economic determinants of net-income in fish farming in Kainji Lake Basin, Nigeria onomic determinants of net-income in fish farming in Kainji Lake Basin, Nigeria." Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences 20, no. 1 (2021): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjass.v20i1.8.
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The study analyzed the socio-economic determinants of net-income in aquaculture of Kainji, Lake Basin, Nigeria. Specifically, the study examined the; fish farming systems; cost and returns, socio-economic determinants of net-farm income and challenges of fish farming in the area. The study adopted a two-stage sampling procedure to select 120 table-size fish farmers. Data were collected with questionnaires that were administered through face-to-face interview and analyzed using descriptive statistics, budgetary technique and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that 35.00 % of the fish farmers were within the age bracket of 31-40 years, 53.34 % were men, 91.67 % were married, 55.83 % had between 1-5 years of experience in fish farming and 75.83 % had tertiary educational qualification. Majority (92 %) of the fish farmers practiced the monoculture of catfish using earthen ponds system. The estimated total expenses were <strike>N</strike> 14,953,330.74 while the total revenue generated from 9 fish ponds, each stocked with an average of 3883.986 fingerlings in 2 cycles per year was <strike>N</strike> 20,188,142.00. The estimated net-farm income after tax was <strike>N</strike> 5,234,811.26 while the net profit margin and return on investment was 25.93 % and 35% respectively. Age, experience and household size were positive and significant (p<0.05) socio-economic factors that affected net-farm income while the challenges of fish farming were high cost of feed ( ̅x=3.24), poor pricing ( ̅x =3.11), poor access to capital ( ̅x=3.09) and persistent poaching/theft ( ̅x= 2.67). Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that there should be an intensive research by the fish nutrition division of National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research (NIFFR) on the possible alternatives of crude protein source that could be a perfect substitute to Clupeids in fish feeds.
 Keywords: aquaculture, catfish, socio-economic, profitability, farmers
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Philipp J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. "Contents Vol. 37 No.2 July-December 2022." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 37, no. 2 (2022): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v37i2.2043.
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 EDITORIAL
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 Truth and Transparency, Compromise and Climate Change
 Lapeña JFF
 
 
 
 
 
 GUEST EDITORIAL
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 COP27 Climate Change Conference: Urgent Action Needed for Africa and the World
 Atwoli L, Erhabor GE, Gbakima AA, Haileamlak, A, Kayembe Ntumba JM, Kigera J, Laybourn-Langton L, Mash R, Muhia J, Mulaudzi FM, Ofori-Adjei D, Okonofua F, Rashidian A, El-Adawy M, Sidibé S, Snouber A, Tumwine J, Yassien MS, Yonga P, Zakhama L, Zielinski C
 ORIGINAL ARTICLES
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 Hearing and Clinical Otologic Profile of Filipinos Living in Southern Tagalog Region IV-A (CALABARZON), Philippines: The Southern Tagalog ENT Hearing Specialists (STENTS) Survey 2012-2017
 Pardo PJM, Niñal-Vilog A, Acuin JM, Calaquian CME, Onofre- Telan RDC
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 The Complete and Two-Turn Cochlear Duct Length Among Filipinos
 Kasilag RMA, Aquino-Diaz K
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 Quality of Life Among SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Positive Patients with Anosmia Using the Short Version Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders - Negative Statements Translated in Filipino (sQOD-NS Ph)
 Mallari-Bernarte A, Cruz ETS
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 Quality of Sleep Among Shift Work Nurses at the Baguio General Hospital: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study
 Andaya KES
 30
 Initial Outcomes of Endoscopic CO2 Laser Posterior Cordectomy and Partial Arytenoidectomy Among Patients with Bilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis: A Case Series
 Velasco KJS, de la Cruz APC, Carrillo RJD, Madrid DAD
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 A New Extraoral Closed Reduction Technique for Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation: A Preliminary Case Series
 Sangalang MB, Gansatao FM, Dizon APJE, Onofre-Telan RDC
 
 CASE REPORTS
 38 Airway Obstruction from Intralaryngeal Extension of Thyroglossal Duct Cyst in an Elderly Man: A Case Report
 Contreras GS, Lingan MB
 42
 Multifocal Tuberculosis Presenting as Mandibular Swelling in a 3-Year-Old Boy: A Case Report
 Yambot KKK, Peñaflor NAI
 SURGICAL INNOVATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION
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 A Makeshift Blue Light Filter for Endoscopic Identification of Traumatic Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Using Fluorescein Edora BDE, Chua RU,
 Estolano PJL
 FEATURED GRAND ROUNDS
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 Hearing Loss from S. Suis Meningitis in a Middle-Aged Couple
 Martinez NV, Hosojima MS
 
 FROM THE VIEWBOX
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 Can I Diagnose a Vestibular Schwannoma Using Non-Contrast Imaging?
 Yang NW
 
 UNDER THE MICROSCOPE
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 Intercalated Duct Adenoma of the Parotid Gland
 Aquino JB, Carnate JM
 
 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
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 Otitic Hydrocephalus or Obstructive Hydrocephalus?
 Yang NW
 
 58 
 Response from the Authors
 Plumo CGT, Cruz ETS
 
 CAPTOONS
 60
 Doknet’s World
 Billones WU
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Ricardo Manuel, Bardales-Lozano, Edvan Alves Chagas, Oscar Smiderle, et al. "Genetic Divergence among Camu-Camu Plant Populations Based on the Initial Characteristics of the Plants." Journal of Agricultural Science 8, no. 11 (2016): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n11p51.
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<p>The objective in the present work was to evaluate the genetic diversity among 15 indigenous populations of camu-camu plants, identifying important characteristics in the evaluation of genetic divergence, based on the initial characteristics of the seedlings. Seeds extracted from fruits deriving from fifteen indigenous populations of camu-camu were collected. The experimental design was entirely random, with fifteen treatments (populations), and fifteen repetitions (each sub-sample), considering 30 seeds per subsample as an experimental unit. At 40 days after sowing the following were evaluated: the percentage of emergence, the index of emergence velocity, the average time of germination, the height of the seedling and the number of leaves. The data obtained was submitted to variance analysis, and the averages were grouped by the Scott and Knott (1974) test. The genetic diversity was studied according to the Tocher grouping method, based on the Mahalanobis distance (D<sup>2</sup><sub>ii</sub>) and canonical variables. The fifteen populations are divergent among themselves and the Rio Branco Estirão do Veado, Rio Branco Onofre and Igarapé Agua Boa populations are indicated to have hybridization with other populations due to the high divergence, as well as the rates of emergence and vigor of the seedlings. The height of the seedlings, percentage and speed of emergence, are those that most indicate genetic divergence. The measuring techniques of genetic divergence, canonical variables Mahalanobis distances are useful and corroborating in the evaluation of genetic divergence of the camu-camu plant.</p>
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Siregar, Putri Amanda, and Rosliana Siregar. "PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA KOMIK MATEMATIKA DENGAN BANTUAN POWERPOINT TERHADAP MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA DI SMK ISTIQLAL DELITUA PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA KOMIK MATEMATIKA DENGAN BANTUAN POWERPOINT TERHADAP MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA DI SMK ISTIQLAL DELITUA." MES: Journal of Mathematics Education and Science 3, no. 1 (2017): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/mes.v3i1.226.
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This research aims to determine the effect of using comics media mathematics with the help of powerpoint on motivation and results of students’ mathematics learning on the subject of the matrix inverse order 2x2. This research was conducted in SMK Istiqlal Delitua. The population in this research are 486 students of class X. The sampling in this research using purposive sampling technique are 35 students of class X.AP-1. Based on the results of the test data requirements known that motivation data as well as results of the students’ mathematic learning are distributed normally. Motivation data an average score is 99,2 while the results of students’ mathematics learning data an average score is 19,6. Based on data analysis known that: (1) comics media mathematics are positive and significant impact on motivation to mathematic learn, where t test was obtained thitung = 3,1914 ˃ ttabel = 1,692. The index determination I = 12,5%, it means that comics media mathematics accounted 12,5% with motivation onof mathematic learning; (2) comics media mathematics are positive and significant with the results of students’ mathematics learning. Based on t test was obtained thitung = 6,19 ˃ ttabel = 1,692. The index determination I = 53,77%, it means that comics media mathematics accounted for 53,77% of the increase in the results of students’ mathematics learning.
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Singh, Shailendra, and Balwinder Raj. "Analysis of ONOFIC Technique Using SiGe Heterojunction Double Gate Vertical TFET for Low Power Applications." Silicon, August 8, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12633-020-00634-8.
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Sharma, Vijay Kumar, and Kajal. "Study of the Reliability of the Leakage Mitigation Methods using FinFETs." Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering) 16 (April 14, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2352096516666230414134447.
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Introduction: In the very large-scale integration (VLSI) industry, scaling plays an important role in providing compact size and high-speed digital circuits. The major drawbacks faced by logic circuits are power dissipation and process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations. In the VLSI industry, the prediction of variability tolerance capability is mandatory to know the future performance of the circuits. The impact of PVT variation is large in nanoscale logic circuits and it has the power to alter the output characteristics of any logic circuit. The reasons that cause PVT variations are manufacturing defects, environmental conditions, and mishandling issues. Aims and Objective: This paper aims to discuss the process variations and briefly describe the previous work related to variability and various factors involved in PVT simulations. It also provides the idea of Monte-Carlo simulation in the Cadence Virtuoso tool. Method: In this paper, the impact of PVT variations on different fin-shaped field effect transistor (FinFET) circuits was evaluated using the Cadence Virtuoso tool. Monte-Carlo simulation was performed on various leakage reduction techniques for the domino logic with the help of a multi-gate predictive technology model (PTM) FinFET at a 16nm technology node. Result: The footer-less domino logic (FLDL) circuit is designed and simulated using different leakage reduction techniques for reliability analysis. Conclusion: Cascaded leakage control transistor (CLCT) approach shows 81.75%, 67.83%, and 51.25% less statistical mean value for power dissipation as compared to conventional, on-off logic (ONOFIC), and alternative ONOFIC approaches in the case of FLDL OR2 logic circuit, respectively.
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Trajkovic, Jelena, Sara Karimi, Samantha Hangsan, and Wenlu Zhang. "Prediction Modeling for Application-Specific Communication Architecture Design of Optical NoC." ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems, March 26, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3520241.
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Multi-core system-on-chip are becoming state-of-the-art and therefore there is a need for fast and energy-efficient interconnect to take full advantage of the computational capabilities. Integration of silicon photonics with traditional electrical interconnect in Network on Chip (NoC) proposes a promising solution for overcoming the scalability issues of electrical interconnect. In this paper, we derive and evaluate prediction modeling techniques for the design space exploration (DSE) of application-specific communication architectures for Optical Network-on-Chip (ONoC). Our proposed model accurately predicts network packet latency, contention delay, the static and dynamic energy consumption of the network. This work specifically addresses the challenge of accurately estimating performance metrics of the entire design space without having to perform time-consuming and computationally-intensive exhaustive simulations. The proposed technique based on machine learning (ML) can build accurate prediction models using only 10% - 50% (best case and worst case) of the entire design space. The accuracy expresses as R 2 (Coefficient of Determination) is 0.99901, 0.99967, 0.99996, and 0.99999 for network packet latency, contention delay, static, and dynamic energy consumption, respectively, in six different benchmarks from Splash-2 benchmark suite, chosen amongst 6 different machine learning prediction models.
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Onogi, Akio. "A Bayesian model for genomic prediction using metabolic networks." Bioinformatics Advances, August 11, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioadv/vbad106.
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Abstract Motivation Genomic prediction is now an essential technique in breeding and medicine, and it is interesting to see how omics data can be used to improve prediction accuracy. Precedent work proposed a metabolic network-based method in biomass prediction of Arabidopsis; however, the method consists of multiple steps that possibly degrade prediction accuracy. Results We proposed a Bayesian model that integrates all steps and jointly infers all fluxes of reactions related to biomass production. The proposed model showed higher accuracies than methods compared both in simulated and real data. The findings support the previous excellent idea that metabolic network information can be used for prediction. Availability All R and stan scripts to reproduce the results of this study are available at https://github.com/Onogi/MetabolicModeling Supplementary information Supplementary Table is provided at the journal web site.
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Leo, Patrick, Marcus de Melo Texeira, Atul M. Chander, et al. "Genomic characterization and radiation tolerance of Naganishia kalamii sp. nov. and Cystobasidium onofrii sp. nov. from Mars 2020 mission assembly facilities." IMA Fungus 14, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s43008-023-00119-4.
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AbstractDuring the construction and assembly of the Mars 2020 mission components at two different NASA cleanrooms, several fungal strains were isolated. Based on their colony morphology, two strains that showed yeast-like appearance were further characterized for their phylogenetic position. The species-level classification of these two novel strains, using traditional colony and cell morphology methods combined with the phylogenetic reconstructions using multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) based on several gene loci (ITS, LSU, SSU, RPB1, RPB2, CYTB and TEF1), and whole genome sequencing (WGS) was carried out. This polyphasic taxonomic approach supported the conclusion that the two basidiomycetous yeasts belong to hitherto undescribed species. The strain FJI-L2-BK-P3T, isolated from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Spacecraft Assembly Facility, was placed in the Naganishia albida clade (Filobasidiales, Tremellomycetes), but is genetically and physiologically different from other members of the clade. Another yeast strain FKI-L6-BK-PAB1T, isolated from the Kennedy Space Center Payload Hazardous and Servicing Facility, was placed in the genus Cystobasidium (Cystobasidiales, Cystobasidiomycetes) and is distantly related to C. benthicum. Here we propose two novel species with the type strains, Naganishia kalamii sp. nov. (FJI-L2-BK-P3T = NRRL 64466 = DSM 115730) and Cystobasidium onofrii sp. nov. (FKI-L6-BK-PAB1T = NRRL 64426 = DSM 114625). The phylogenetic analyses revealed that single gene phylogenies (ITS or LSU) were not conclusive, and MLSA and WGS-based phylogenies were more advantageous for species discrimination in the two genera. The genomic analysis predicted proteins associated with dehydration and desiccation stress-response and the presence of genes that are directly related to osmotolerance and psychrotolerance in both novel yeasts described. Cells of these two newly-described yeasts were exposed to UV-C radiation and compared with N. onofrii, an extremophilic UV-C resistant cold-adapted Alpine yeast. Both novel species were UV resistant, emphasizing the need for collecting and characterizing extremotolerant microbes, including yeasts, to improve microbial reduction techniques used in NASA planetary protection programs.
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Yang, Bing, Nan Yang, Yaping Chen, et al. "An Integrated Strategy for Effective-Component Discovery of Astragali Radix in the Treatment of Lung Cancer." Frontiers in Pharmacology 11 (January 14, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.580978.
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Lung cancer is one of the most devastating diseases worldwide, with high incidence and mortality worldwide, and the anticancer potential of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been gradually recognized by the scientific community. Astragali Radix (AR) is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of lung cancer and has a certain clinical effect, but effective components and targets are still unclear. In the study, we established an integrated strategy for effective-component discovery of AR in the treatment of lung cancer based on a variety of techniques. First, the effective components and potential targets of AR were deciphered by the “component-target-disease” network using network pharmacology, and potential signal pathways on lung cancer were predicted by Gene Ontology (GO) biological function enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. Then, the therapeutic effects of AR in the treatment of lung cancer were evaluated in vivo using A/J mice, and the potential targets related to autophagy and potential signal pathway were verified by Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence staining, and real-time PCR technology at protein and gene expression level. Finally, metabolism in vitro by rat intestinal flora and cell membrane immobilized chromatography technology were used to screen the effective components of AR in the treatment of lung cancer, and remaining components from the cell immobilized chromatography were collected and analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). The screening results of the integrated strategy showed that calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, ononin, calycosin, astragaloside IV, astragaloside II, cycloastragenol, and formononetin may be effective components of AR in the treatment of lung cancer, and they may play a role in the treatment of lung cancer through autophagy and p53/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. The integrated strategy for effective-component discovery provided a valuable reference mode for finding the pharmacodynamic material basis of complex TCM systems. In addition, the prediction for targets and signal pathways laid a foundation for further study on the mechanism of AR in the treatment of lung cancer.