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Gamiely, Sayed, D. A. Smittle, H. A. Mills i G. I. Banna. "Onion Seed Size, Weight, and Elemental Content Affect Germination and Bulb Yield". HortScience 25, nr 5 (maj 1990): 522–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.5.522.
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Yields of `Granex 33' and `Behairy' onions (Allium cepa) closely correlated with the weight of the seeds used to establish the stand. Elemental content was consistently higher in heavier seeds, but elemental concentrations in the seeds were generally negatively related to seed weight, onion growth, and yield. A combined size-aspiration grading was an effective means of eliminating seed with low-yield potential.
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Suruthi, S., K. Sujatha i C. Menaka. "Size grading Standardization of sieve size for grading of barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea L.) MDU-1". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 11, nr 2 (10.06.2019): 524–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v11i2.2096.
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Seed grading is an important practice for better crop and also useful in separation of quality seeds in a seed lot. The aim of grading is to improve the uniformity of the seed lot by removing seeds of the same species with low quality. The present study was carried out to find out the optimum sieve size for size grading of seeds of barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea L.) MDU1. The effect of seed size on physiological parameters were evaluated using BSS 10×10, BSS12×12 and BSS14×14 wire mesh sieves along with control. The barnyard millet seeds graded with BSS12×12 recorded higher seed recovery (76.67%) than other sieves used with required germination (92%), 1000 seed weight (3.9g), root length (14.1cm), shoot length (8.45cm), dry matter production (0.027g/10 seedlings) and vigour index (1983). Hence, seeds of barnyard millet MDU1 could be size graded using BSS12×12 sieve for more seed recovery with required seed quality standards as compared to BSS 10×10, BSS14×14 and ungraded seeds.
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Daheriya, Mahendra, D. K. Verma, Eresh Kumar Kuruba, K. C. Mahajan i Neerav U. Joshi. "Advances in Multi-Fruit and Vegetable Grading: A Comprehensive Review". International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, nr 9 (17.07.2023): 1239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i92351.
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Grading fruits and vegetables has become essential for cross-border trade. There are various methods and technologies used for grading fruits and vegetables. In India, fruit growers mainly rely on manual grading, which is costly, labour-intensive, and affected by seasonal labour shortages. Manual grading is inefficient, inconsistent, and time-consuming. Grading of fruits and vegetables in ensuring the quality of produce and meeting consumer demands. The World Trade Organization (WTO) emphasizes high-quality graded products, prompting farmers to seek agricultural produce-grading machines for labour alleviation, time savings, and improved quality. Fruit grading enhances value, packaging, handling, and overall marketing. Typically, fruits are graded based on size, making them more desirable for export. Size-based grading methods include various types of graders. Weight grading is based on density and specific gravity. Market responsiveness necessitates improved grading and sorting practices to ensure quality assessment. Size variations in vegetables like potatoes and onions serve as the basis for categorization according to each country's market requirements.
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Deleuran, Lise C., Merete H. Olesen i Birte Boelt. "Spinach seed quality: potential for combining seed size grading and chlorophyll fluorescence sorting". Seed Science Research 23, nr 4 (7.06.2013): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258513000202.
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AbstractSpinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) seed quality is important for subsequent establishment of baby leaf and other spinach products. The indeterminate flowering pattern in spinach produces seeds of different sizes, and consequently a non-uniform seed lot. Sorting seeds based on novel sorting methods might therefore improve the establishment of spinach for producers. Spinach seeds were harvested at five different times (H1, H2, H3, H4 and H5) starting 3 weeks before estimated optimum harvest time. The harvested seeds were sorted according to chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) and seed size. Two harvest times 6 d apart were selected for further studies of seed development and germination counts. Analysis of mean germination time (MGT) of four germination counts (3, 7, 14 and 21 d) showed that smaller seed sizes ( < 3.25 mm) have lower MGT than seeds of larger sizes (>3.25 mm). A larger proportion of 2.5–3.25 mm size seeds had germinated on day 3 than both their larger and smaller counterparts at the later time of harvest (H4). Seeds with a diameter below 2.5 mm displayed the lowest MGT. Commercially, the use of chlorophyll fluorescence (CF)-sorted seeds, in combination with seed size sorting, may provide a useful tool for enhancing seed quality. Here our results demonstrate that a greater number of seeds with a low CF level had germinated on day 3 compared to the seeds with high CF levels. It is of relevance to develop a technology that could identify seeds that are sufficiently developed to germinate and successfully establish in the field regardless of seed size.
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Md Asaduzzaman, Mohammad Ahsan Habib, Md Rezaul Haque, Md Shafiqul Islam i Jebunnahar Khandakar. "Survey on Technical Efficacy of the Farmers and Their Satisfaction Level for the Production of Onion Seeds in Bagmara Upazila, Rajshahi District". Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 7, nr 3 (31.12.2020): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v7i3.51357.
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Onion seed production is not exactly same as the cultivation of the onion as a crop. Due to lack of recommended standard cultural practices, an onion seed producer in Bangladesh is facing different levels of difficulties. To address this issue, the present study has been undertaken for generating farm level information on the production and input use pattern in the onion seed cultivation. Using semi structured questionnaire, a total of 50 onion farmers is randomly selected from Bagmara upazila, Rajshahi district for the interview. The results indicate that there were so many constraints on onion seeds production such as unavailability of high yielding varieties, shortage of information about recommended fertilizer doses, bulb size, planting space, setting of planting time, etc. At the same time, farmers are also fronting problem regarding paucity of separated land, absence of specialized onion cold storages. Considering the above- mentioned problems, the results showed that 70% of the farmers are not satisfied with the onion seeds yield. The study suggested that distribution system of the quality onion seeds has to be improved coupled with the onion research in Bangladesh has to govern by the dynamics of seed grower’s quality preferences and their socio- eco- climatic infrastructure. Furthermore, it is indispensable to introduce training programs for the farmers for improving their knowledge about management practices as seed production required highly skill person
Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(3): 383-391, December 2020
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Randle, William M. "ONPLANT: A PRECISION PLANTING MODEL FOR ONIONS". HortScience 25, nr 9 (wrzesień 1990): 1065e—1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1065e.
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An interactive computer-based model has been developed to simulate the effects of precision planting onion on quality and yield. Variables used by the model are seed germination, plant survival, planter efficiency, onion growth potential, maximum onion size, sizing potential and inside-outside bed effects. Data bases obtained from 3 onion cultivars were used in the development of the model. The model shows when germination and plant survival are high, single seed drops by the planter results in high yield and large bulbs. At lower germination and survival values, however, a compromise is needed between maximizing yield and obtaining large bulbs.
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R, VIMALA, PONNUSAMY A S i THIAGARAJAN K. "Standardisation of seed processing methods for hybrid rice". Madras Agricultural Journal 88, December (2001): 632–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a00390.
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Standardisation of seed processing methods for hybrid rice was carried out at Department of Seed Science and Technology, TNAU Coimbatore. Considering, the high seed recovery and seed quality, 1.7 mm sieve can be used for size grading of TNRH-16 and TNRH-17 rice hybrids and 1.6 mm sieve for CORH-1 hybrid. Specific gravity separation of size graded seeds into four density grades showed the superiority of heavy, medium and light seeds over very light seeds in terms of seed quality parameters. Among the hybrids, CORH-1 showed its superiority in respect to seed quality over TNRH-16 and TNRH-17.
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P, Geetharani, Vijayakumar A, Geetha R i Natarajan S. "Effect of fruit size on seed quality characeristics of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata)". Madras Agricultural Journal 94, July (2007): 278–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.100690.
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Seed size is one of the characters associated with seed quality. The influence of seed size on seedling vigour and crop performance has been established in different crops like soybean, maize, gram and ashgourd. Variability in fruit size and shape is seen in pumpkin, even under good management. A significant correlation was reported between the fruit weight and number of good seeds in cucumber. Large sized fruits selected at the field level ensured recovery of large size seeds, which produce healthy, vigorous seedlings that was reported in ashgourd. Such information is lacking in pumpkin. The present studies were undertaken to trace out the influence of fruit grading on seed quality in pumpkin cv. CO2
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Sivasubramaniam, S., S. Ambika i M. Vetrivel. "Influence of size grading on physiological parameters in Tephrosia (Tephrosia purpurea) MDU (KO)-1". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, nr 1 (1.03.2017): 639–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i1.1244.
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Seed grading is an important practice for better crop establishment and to improve efficiency of planting ratio in field and also useful in separation of quality seed in a seed lot. The influence of seed size on physiological and biochemical seed quality characters were evaluated in Tephrosia seeds using seeds retained on 5.5/64″, 6/64″ and 7/64″ sieves along with control. The estimations revealed that larger size seeds retained on 7/64" sieves recorded the maximum recovery (64 %), 100 seed weight (2.0 g), speed of germination (14.1) germination ( 86 %), root length (8.5 cm), shoot length (11.0 cm), dry matter production (15.92 mg seedlings-10), vigour index (1677) and protein (10.56 %) compared to BSS 5.5 / 64'', BSS 6 / 64'' and ungraded seeds.
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A, SABIR AHAMED, VANANGAMUDI K, BHARATHI A i VISWANATHAN R. "Standardisation of screen size and machine speed for grading sunflower seeds". Madras Agricultural Journal 90, December (2003): 682–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a00160.
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In an attempt to find out a suitable sieve size and machine speed for grading sunflower seeds in a two screen cleaner cum grader, performance of various sieve sizes (round perforated) and machine speed on seed quality was studied. Decrease in sieve aperture size from 5.5 to 4.5 mm and increase in machine speed from 150 to 225 rpm improved the recovery percentage. However, the physical attributes such as seed length, width, and weight decreased with the decrease in sieve aperture size and increase in grading speed. Germination was higher in seeds retained on 5.5 mm sieve (98.0%) and lower in seeds passed through 4.5 mm sieve (86.0%). The seedling growth and vigour parameters also showed a similar trend. Germination, seedling growth and vigour index of seeds graded at a midrange speed of 175.to 200 rpm were more compared to the extreme speeds of 150 and 225 rpm. For maximum recovery and better sowing quality, grading sunflower seeds using 4.5 mm sieve at a speed range of 175 to 200 rpm was found to be optimum..
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Novikova, Tatyana P., Clíssia Barboza Mastrangelo, Paweł Tylek, Svetlana A. Evdokimova i Arthur I. Novikov. "How Can the Engineering Parameters of the NIR Grader Affect the Efficiency of Seed Grading?" Agriculture 12, nr 12 (10.12.2022): 2125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12122125.
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The automated grading of Scots pine seeds in the near-infrared wavelength region (NIR grading) is a starting point for further actions, such as coating and priming. This reduces the time and financial costs and increases the accuracy of seed viability classification compared to invasive techniques. The NIR-based wave reflected from each pine seed must be detected and processed with sufficient accuracy. To focus the reflected beam, we used fiber-optic Bragg grating, a Bragg mirror, and diffraction grating. For each focusing option based on the DOE matrix, one experiment of 20 runs (n = 20) and three replicas (m = 3) in each run was conducted. In each replica, we used 100 conditioned and 100 non-conditioned seeds (NC + NNC = 200) selected randomly from five samples weighing 50 g from a seedlot weighing 1 kg extracted from cones collected from a natural tree stand. Three experiments were conducted on the NIR grading of Scots pine seeds using an optoelectronic device. An adequate DOE regression model of the grading efficiency function was obtained. The functions included the following arguments: angle of incidence of the optical beam, NIR wavelength reflected from the seed, and height of the seed pipeline. The influence of the inclination angle of the light source relative to the plane of pine seed movement on the grading quality prevails over other factors. The NIR grading of Scots pine seeds allows the separation of seeds according to the viability index, which is important, since dead petrified seeds (possibly up to 25%) may occur in the seed batch, which cannot be eliminated by either seed size or mass. The peak of NIR grading is achieved by combining the average grader engineering parameters: 968–973 nm for the wavelength and 44–46 degrees for the inclination angle of the reflected beam at a seed pipe size of 0.18–0.23 m.
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Wheeler, T. R., i R. H. Ellis. "Seed quality, cotyledon elongation at suboptimal temperatures, and the yield of onion". Seed Science Research 1, nr 1 (marzec 1991): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258500000647.
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AbstractCotyledon length in onion (Allium cepa, cv. White Lisbon) was linearly related to time from radicle emergence until the formation of the cotyledon hook, but thereafter increased exponentially with time. Within each phase the rate of cotyledon elongation was linearly related to temperature, and these relations were similar among seeds from several percentiles of the germinating populations of three contrasting seed lots. The mean base temperature was 1.4°C. These thermal time relations closely predicted the elongation of cotyledons of seedlings from cohorts of early- and lategerminators from a further lot of this cultivar at two suboptimal temperatures. Eleven cohorts of seedlings from seeds of differing quality were transplanted to the field on both the same date and at the same time from visible germination. The plants were harvested 59 days later. No effect of seed quality on mean plant weight, mean bulb diameter, or interplant variation in bulb diameter was detected. It is concluded that the rate of pre- and post-emergence seedling growth in onion is independent of environmentally induced differences in seed quality (seed vigour). Thus, any effect of this factor on plant size or crop yield, at a given density, is solely a function of time to germinate.
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Morozowska, Maria, i Roman Hołubowicz. "Effect of bulb size on selected morphological characteristics of seed stalks, seed yield and quality of onion (Allium cepa L.) seeds". Folia Horticulturae 21, nr 1 (1.06.2009): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2013-0123.
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Abstract In the years 2002 − 2004 research was carried out on the effect of onion (Allium cepa L.) ‘Wolska’ bulb size on selected morphological characteristics of seed stalks, seed yield and quality. Commercial bulbs (vernalised, one-year-old mother bulbs) were divided into three groups: small, medium and large, with diameters of 4.2-5.3 cm, 5.4-6.3 cm and 6.4-8.5 cm, respectively. Then, the bulbs of each group were planted in the field and grown routinely with the purpose of producing seeds. The following characters were measured on the seed stalks: number and height of seed stalks grown out from one bulb, the seed stalks’ diameter at the height of 10 cm above the ground, the diameter of the inflorescence, seed yield from a single stalk and from the entire plant, the weight of 1000 seeds, number of seeds in 1 g, length and width of the seeds, length and width of the embryos, and germination energy and capacity. Our experiments showed a significant influence of bulb size on the number of seed stalks and the inflorescence diameter. It was discovered that the big bulbs gave larger numbers of seed stalks than the seed stalks grown from the medium and small ones. Small bulbs gave seed stalks with smaller inflorescences than the medium and large ones. The bulb size had no effect on the seed stalk height or their diameter when measured at the level of 10 cm above the ground. The bulb size also did not affect seed yield per one seed stalk, but it did affect the seed yield obtained from the entire plant, which was bigger for plants grown from large bulbs in comparison with the small ones. The size of the bulbs had no effect on either the weight of 1000 seeds or the number of seeds in 1 g. It did not affect either the seed and embryo length and width or the seed germination energy and capacity.
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Popovic, Vladan, Aleksandar Lucic, Ljubinko Rakonjac, Tatjana Cirkovic-Mitrovic i Ljiljana Brasanac-Bosanac. "Influence of acorn size on morphological characteristics of one-year-old Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings". Archives of Biological Sciences 67, nr 4 (2015): 1357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs150121113p.
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The aim of this research was to examine the influence of acorn size on morphological characteristics of one-year-old Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings. The quality of seedlings correlates with the quality of the seed they are derived from. In species with large seeds, as in the case of Northern red oak, the seedling growth in the first growing season is closely related to seed size or the amount of reserve nutrients that are stored in the seed. The height and root collar diameter of one-year-old Northern red oak seedlings increases with increase in acorn size. The results obtained in this research can be used as a guideline for acorn grading, because they show that improved Northern red oak seedlings quality can be achieved using seeds of appropriate size.
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Del Coco, Marco, Barbara Laddomada, Giuseppe Romano, Pierluigi Carcagnì, Shiv Kumar i Marco Leo. "Characterization of a Collection of Colored Lentil Genetic Resources Using a Novel Computer Vision Approach". Foods 11, nr 24 (7.12.2022): 3964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11243964.
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The lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is one of the major pulse crops cultivated worldwide. However, in the last decades, lentil cultivation has decreased in many areas surrounding Mediterranean countries due to low yields, new lifestyles, and changed eating habits. Thus, many landraces and local varieties have disappeared, while local farmers are the only custodians of the treasure of lentil genetic resources. Recently, the lentil has been rediscovered to meet the needs of more sustainable agriculture and food systems. Here, we proposed an image analysis approach that, besides being a rapid and non-destructive method, can characterize seed size grading and seed coat morphology. The results indicated that image analysis can give much more detailed and precise descriptions of grain size and shape characteristics than can be practically achieved by manual quality assessment. Lentil size measurements combined with seed coat descriptors and the color attributes of the grains allowed us to develop an algorithm that was able to identify 64 red lentil genotypes collected at ICARDA with an accuracy approaching 98% for seed size grading and close to 93% for the classification of seed coat morphology.
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Gray, D., i Joyce R. A. Steckel. "The effects of seed-crop plant density, transplant size, harvest date and seed grading on leek (Allium porrumL.) seed quality". Journal of Horticultural Science 61, nr 3 (styczeń 1986): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14620316.1986.11515707.
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Bacherikov, Ivan V., Diana E. Raupova, Anastasia S. Durova, Vladislav D. Bragin, Evgeniy P. Petrishchev, Arthur I. Novikov, Dmitry A. Danilov i Anatoly V. Zhigunov. "Coat Colour Grading of the Scots Pine Seeds Collected from Faraway Provenances Reveals a Different Germination Effect". Seeds 1, nr 1 (15.03.2022): 49–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/seeds1010006.
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The physiological quality of pine seeds is characterized by laboratory and field germination. The present paper is intended for technologists of seed plants and specialists of forest nurseries. It offers a solution to improve the seeding characteristics of small seeds by their pre-sowing preparation. The success of reforestation activities directly depends on the quality of the seeds. The influence of seed sorting by seed size and seed coat colour has been theoretically substantiated and repeatedly tested in practice. However, the response of seeds in germination can vary depending on the year and place of seed collection. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seeds were germinated under controlled conditions. Seedlings were obtained from seeds pre-sorted by seed coat colour into white, brown, and black groups, and further divided by size. The results of sorting by the colour of seed coat indicate a different effect of this pre-sowing treatment on the sowing qualities of seeds. Brown seed coat colour showed the highest percentage degree in the seedlots of all provenances. The seeds from the southern provenance with the brown seed coat colour shown the maximum germination. That said, the study raises new questions, indicating more comprehensive research in the future. Does the pattern of germination parameter distribution remain constant for seeds of other harvest years but of the same provenance? Does the variability of the germination factor the result of internal factors of the container location in the greenhouse? Is the genetic diversity of seedlings disturbed by sorting by size?
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Musaev, F. B., M. I. Ivanova, N. S. Priyatkin i S. V. Kuznets. "Digital morphometry of onion seeds". Vegetable crops of Russia, nr 3 (28.06.2021): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2021-3-44-48.
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Relevance. One of the problematic issues in crop production remains the quality of sown seeds. Vegetable plants during the period of generative development are demanding to the conditions of light and heat supply, but the conditions of most regions of our country cannot meet these requirements. Post-harvest refinement and pre-treatment of seeds is also not carried out at the proper level. There are no reliable informative tools for analyzing seed quality. Employees of the FSBSI FSVC, Agrophysical Research Institute and Argus-Bio LLC are developing a method of digital morphometry of vegetable seeds.Methods. The material for the studies was the seeds of various samples of varieties of the genus Allium: Allium cristophii Trautv., Allium schoenoprasum L., Allium fistulosum L. Digital images of seeds were obtained using the HP Scanjet 200 tablet scanner, BMP, TIFF, JPG save file format, 600 DPI resolution. Morphometric analysis of digital scanned images of seeds was carried out on the basis of the Agrophysical Research Institute using the serial software Argus-BIO, manufactured by Argus Soft LLC, St. Petersburg.Results. Analysis of the color characteristics of seeds (values of color components according to the RGB model) Allium cristophii Trautv. revealed a statistically significant decrease in all color channels in the row from the lower tier – the upper, which is an indicator of different levels of maturity. Seeds of various samples of Allium schoenoprasum L. in size (projection area) varied significantly within the species from 2.39 to 3.06 mm2 , in shape they also turned out to be unaligned: elliptical with an elongation factor of 1.99 to 2.21 relative units. Analysis of morphometric parameters of seeds of varieties Allium fistulosum L. made it possible to distinguish the influence of natural and genetic factors on these parameters: the factor of the year had a significant effect (from 43.5% to 45.4%), the factor of the variety – from 39.5% to 43.2%, on the main morphometric parameters of seeds. So, a new approach to seed quality analysis is presented, which includes rapid digital morphometry, data modeling and their integration with standard ISTA tests.
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M, Pavithra, J. Renugadevi, R. Swarna Priya i R. Vigneshwari. "Standardization of optimum sieve size for maximizing seed quality in Amaranthus (Amaranthus tricolor L.)". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 13, nr 4 (16.12.2021): 1326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i4.3052.
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Vegetables have a critical function in human health and nutritional security. Vegetables are considered an essential building block of any diet. Out of the leafy vegetables, Amaranthus is the most popular and salable vegetable consumed by people all over India. Seed processing experiment was undertaken in Amaranthus tricolor (CO 2) by using the sieves placed inside the mechanical seed shaker (Gyratory sieve shaker) to improve the quality of Amaranthus seeds. The seeds of Amaranthus were size graded with seed shaker attached with various sieve size of BSS 18 X18 (R), BSS 20 X 20 (R), BSS 22 X 22 (R) and BSP 22 X 22 (P). During processing, the machine could be adjusted for 2, 3, 4 and 5 minutes with an oscillating speed of 1440 rpm. The separated seeds were evaluated for seed quality characteristics such as seed germination percentage, shoot length, root length, dry matter production, 1000 seed weight and seed recovery percentage. The results revealed that the sieve size of BSS 22 X 22 (R=retained) mesh sieve had the better quality seeds with a maximum recovery of 67.41 g and when it is operated for a period of 5 minutes. The germination percentage was improved from 77 % to 95 % with 1000 seed weight of 73.21 mg, and the observed recovery was 56 per cent with the vigour index of 1145. Hence, BSS 22 X 22 retained mesh sieve with a duration of 5 minutes could be recommended as an optimum sieve size for grading Amaranthus seeds for improving the seed quality.
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Novikov, Arthur, Sergey Sokolov, Michael Drapalyuk, Vladimir Zelikov i Vladan Ivetić. "Performance of Scots Pine Seedlings from Seeds Graded by Colour". Forests 10, nr 12 (22.11.2019): 1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10121064.
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Research Highlights: One of the ways to improve the quality of a seedlot used in the forest nursery is the grading of seed by colour. Background and Objectives: The study is intended for forest’s engineers and owners because it offers an alternative solution for forest seeds improvement before sowing. The success of forest establishment program mainly depends on the quality of Forest Reproductive Material. At this time usual practices during the seed processing is seed grading on size. This causes a lot of controversy about the possible reduction of genetic diversity through directional selection. Materials and Methods: Aiming to study the effect of seed coat colour on seedling performance, a one-year old container seedlings of Pinus sylvestris L. were planted at the post-fire site. Seedlings were produced from three fractions, previously graded in the visible wavelength range on a standard optical separator, plus control obtained without separation by colour. Results: Seedlings from different seed fractions performed differently in the first growing season after planting on the field. Seedlings from light seed fraction grow better in height, but those from dark seed fraction resulted with the highest survival rate. Light-dark seeds, which constitute the largest group in the initial sample by absolute weight, resulted with seedlings of the lowest growth rates and survival. The good results showed by seedlings from the control, for both growth rates and survival, indicate the weak effect of seed colour grading on seedlings field performance, but also the need for the more comprehensive studies in the future.
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Wuryantoro, Wuryantoro. "Pengaruh Pemotongan Bibit dan Konsentrasi Urin Kelinci Terfermentasi Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Bawang Daun (Allium fistulosum L.)". JURNAL AGRI-TEK : Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Eksakta 23, nr 2 (24.10.2022): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33319/agtek.v23i2.126.
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The spring onion plant (Allium fistulosum L.) has the potential to be developed considering the many benefits obtained from this plant, especially for various kinds of cuisine. Therefore, efforts to improve product quality and quantity need to be continued. The use of rabbit urine can help minimize the use of inorganic fertilizers. While cutting techniques will increase heat efficiency. This study aims to determine the effect of the seed length of spring onion seeds and rabbit urine fermentation on the growth of spring onion. This study used a factorial randomized block design consisting of two factors and three replications. The first factor includes cutting the seeds, namely (P1) 10 cm, (P2) 15 cm, and (P3) 20 cm. The second factor was the concentration of rabbit urine fermentation (U1) at 50 ml/l, (U2) at 100 ml/l, and (U3) at 150 ml/l. The results showed that there was an interaction between the dose of rabbit urine fermentation and cutting seeds on the growth of leek plants. The longer the seedling size, the more the response to rabbit urine concentration for leaf vegetative parameters and fresh plant weight. The highest yield was achieved with a seed size of 20 cm with a concentration of fermented rabbit urine of 150 ml/l with an average yield of 39.8 leaves per plant and a fresh weight of 442.52 grams per plant. There is a tendency for seed size to grow which can be stimulated by high urine concentrations, thus allowing the use of urine with higher concentrations and doses
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P., Navitha, Sujatha K. i Beaulah A. "Effect Effect of fruit size on physiological seed quality parameters of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 11, nr 2 (10.06.2019): 394–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v11i2.2046.
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An experiment was carried out at the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai during 2018 to find out the effect of fruit size on physiological seed quality of cucumber. Variation in fruit size of cucumber results in poor quality seeds. In order to overcome this obstacle fruit grading was done based on weight of fruit to obtain good quality seeds. Harvested fruits of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) were categorized based on the weight into three different groups viz., Big (2.41kg), medium (1.66kg) and small (1.28kg). Observations on fruit and seed quality parameters were recorded. The results revealed that medium sized fruits recorded higher values compared to big and small sized fruits. The number of seeds/fruit recorded higher in medium sized fruit (935 numbers) followed by small (896 numbers) and big (876 numbers) sized fruits. The big, medium and small fruits were recovered to 1.52 %, 1.06% and 0.58% seeds respectively. The physiological quality characters measured in terms of seed germination revealed that seeds of medium sized fruits were recorded higher (80%) followed by seeds of big (82%) and small (65%). The seedling vigour measured through root (17.08cm) and shoot length (14.45cm), dry matter production (0.85g 10 seedlings-1) and vigour index (2522) also proved the superiority in medium sized fruits.
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Mastyaev, I. S., A. F. Agafonov, L. V. Krivenkov, V. A. Podorogin i V. A. Ushakov. "The effects of timing, scheme, planting depth and size of the uterine bulbs on the productivity of seed plants and seed quality onions in the conditions of the Foothill zone of the North Caucasus". Vegetable crops of Russia, nr 1 (5.03.2022): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2022-1-55-62.
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Relevance. Onion is a valuable food crop, which is due to its chemical composition, taste and medicinal qualities. As part of the strategy to ensure food security and independence of Russia in the agricultural sector, it is necessary to increase the production of vegetable products, including onions, and for this it is necessary to increase the production of domestic seeds. Seed production is an important branch of agriculture, which consists in the planned reproduction of zoned varieties. Unlike commodity production, it is a more labor-intensive industry and requires regular improvement of existing technologies that take into account the specifics of new varieties and hybrids.Materials and methods. The object is onion (Allium сера L.). Research material: new varieties of spring onion Primo and Ampex of selection of FSBSI FSVC. The studies were conducted in 2018-2020 on the basis of the North Caucasus branch of the FSBSI FSVC. Laboratory and field experiments were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The area of the accounting plot is 5m2 , the repetition is 4-fold, with a randomized arrangement of options.Results and discussions. Different planting dates of uterine bulbs, their diameter, standing density, planting depth, significantly affected the qualitative and quantitative indicators of seed productivity of onion plants of Primo and Ampex varieties. The results obtained made it possible to modify and optimize individual elements of varietal technologies of onion seed production. To create the best conditions for the growth and development of seed plants of Ampex and Primo varieties and to obtain high yields of high-quality seeds in the conditions of the foothill zone of the North Caucasus, it is recommended to: use queen bulbs of 8 cm in size, organize the planting of queen bulbs in the first decade of November, use a scheme for planting queen onions: 75x10 cm, use a planting depth of 15 cm. With this technology, the productivity of plant seeds reaches 6-8 g in the Ampex variety and 5-7 g in the Primo variety, and the yield of conditioned seeds is 520-580 kg/ha and 450-600 kg/ha, respectively.
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Lazcano, Carlos A., Frank J. Dainello, Leonard M. Pike, Marvin E. Miller, Lynn Brandenberger i Larry R. Baker. "Seed Lines, Population Density, and Root Size at Harvest Affect Quality and Yield of Cut-and-peel Baby Carrots". HortTechnology 9, nr 1 (styczeń 1999): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.9.1.130.
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Carrot (Daucus carota Mill. cv. Caropak) was studied under four population densities, and three numbers of seed lines per bed, and was harvested under three root size harvest parameters. Four phases (cutting, grading, peeling, and marketable yield) in the cut-and-peel baby carrot process were evaluated. Root length was most desirable when plots were harvested when 25% to 35% of the roots measured >2 cm in diameter. Roots were longest (14.7 cm) in the treatments containing six seed lines per bed. The harvest criteria of 25% to 35% root diameter >2 cm also produced the highest fresh mass (48.1 t·ha-1), and the highest cut and graded mass (37.7 and 32.3 t·ha-1, respectively). A population density of 321 plants/m2 produced the highest fresh and cut mass. Percent cut waste (21.6% crowns and tips) was not affected by root size at harvest, but percent graded waste was lowest (14.2%) when plants were harvested at the greatest root size. Four seed lines per bed produced the highest graded (18.4%), and total waste (61.2%), but not cut waste. The lowest total waste, estimated at 59.7% and the highest projected marketable yield (19.4 t·ha-1) occurred when roots were harvested using the 25% to 35% root diameter >2-cm parameter. Total waste and marketable yield were obtained using a fixed waste value of 40% in the peeling phase (peeling, polishing, and grading before packing). This percentage could vary depending on the equipment specifications and quality control of a given processing facility. Root size at harvest proved to be the main factor affecting projected marketable yield of cut-and-peel baby carrots at the population densities used in this study.
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Lazcano, Carlos A., Frank J. Dainello, Leonard M. Pike, Marvin E. Miller, Lynn Brandenberger i Larry R. Baker. "Seed Lines, Population Density, and Root Size at Harvest Affect Quality and Yield of Cut-and-peel Baby Carrots". HortScience 33, nr 6 (październik 1998): 972–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.6.972.
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Carrot (Daucus carota Mill. cv. Caropak) was studied under four population densities, and three numbers of seed lines per bed, and was harvested under three root size harvest parameters. Four phases (cutting, grading, peeling, and marketable yield) in the cut-and-peel baby carrot process were evaluated. Root length was most desirable when plots were harvested when 25% to 35% of the roots measured > 2 cm in diameter. Roots were longest (14.7 cm) in the treatments containing six seed lines per bed. The harvest criteria of 25% to 35% root diameter >2 cm also produced the highest fresh mass (48.1 t·ha-1), and the highest cut and graded mass (37.7 and 32.3 t·ha-1, respectively). A population density of 321 plants/m2 produced the highest fresh and cut mass. Percent cut waste (21.6% crowns and tips) was not affected by root size at harvest, but percent graded waste was lowest (14.2%) when plants were harvested at the greatest root size. Four seed lines per bed produced the highest graded (18.4%), and total waste (61.2%), but not cut waste. The lowest total waste, estimated at 59.7% and the highest projeced marketable yield (19.4 t·ha-1) occurred when roots were harvested using the 25% to 35% root diameter >2-cm parameter. Total waste and marketable yield were obtained using a fixed waste value of 40% in the peeling phase (peeling, polishing, and grading before packing). This percentage could vary depending on the equipment specifications and quality control of a given processing facility. Root size at harvest proved to be the main factor affecting projected marketable yield of cut-and-peel baby carrots at the population densities used in this study.
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Badawi, M., S. Seadh, M. El-Emery i A. Shalaby. "ONION SEED YIELD AND ITS QUALITY AS INFLUENCED BY STORAGE METHODS, MOTHER BULB SIZE AND HARVESTING TIME". Journal of Plant Production 1, nr 2 (1.02.2010): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jpp.2010.86350.
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Mirgal, A. B., Rajesh P. Gunaga i C. B. Salunkhe. "Seed size and its influence on germination, seedling growth and biomass in Saraca asoca (Roxb). De Wilde, critically endangered tree species of Western ghats, India". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, nr 3 (1.09.2016): 1599–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i3.1007.
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Saraca asoca (Roxb). De Wilde is one of the high traded medicinal plant species of India. There is a huge demand for bark of this species both in domestic and international markets. There is a demand for quality planting materials for large scale plantation. Forest department and farmers have already initiated captive plantation of this species. Several factors affect the seedling quality in nursery. Seed grading is one among them. The present study aims at understand the influence of seed size on seed germination and seedling vigour in S. asoca. Association study showed that seed length was positively correlated with seed weight (r= 0.887), seed width (r=0.697) and thickness (r=0.621). Therefore, seed length was used to categorize seedlot into small (< 30.0 mm), medium (30.1-40.0 mm) and large (> 40.1 mm) seeds. Result showed that larger seeds produced maximum germination (86.7%) as compared to smaller seeds (45.0%). Moreover, larger seeds attained higher collar diameter (3.34 mm) and dry biomass viz., leaf biomass (0.91 g), shoot biomass (0.31 g), root biomass (0.95 g) and entire seedling biomass (2.17 g) as compared to smaller seeds. Seedlings raised from medium seeds were at par with larger seeds in most of the traits. Therefore, it is suggested to use seedlot having > 30 mm length, preferably larger seeds (> 40 mm) in the nursery for better establishment of quality seedlings.
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Ngawit, I. Ketut, Ahmad Zubaidi, Wayan Wangiyana i Ni Wayan Sri Suliartini. "Usaha Produksi Bibit Bawang Merah Melalui Peningkatan Ketahanan Tanaman Dari Serangan Hama Dan Infeksi Penyakit Di Desa Taman Ayu Lombok Barat". Jurnal SIAR ILMUWAN TANI 1, nr 1 (8.06.2020): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jsit.v1i1.12.
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Due to the increasing use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides, the prototype of the onion seed bulb known as the Ampenan Cultivar, its superiority has been declining from year to year. This phenomenon is characterized by the increasing size of the seed bulbs reaching 400-500 cloves kg-1 (while the size of normal seed tubers is 700-800 cloves kg-1), is less dense, has no breath, and grows less than 95%. Actions taken to overcome these problems are, training and direct field guidance through demonstration plots on efforts to increase the quantity and quality of onion seed tuber production by applying repeated clone selection techniques, optimal application of organic soil improvement materials and regulation of intercropping cropping patterns between shallots with peanut plants as an antidote to pest and disease infections. Based on the evaluation of all activities, the results obtained from the implementation of this program are: The target farmers attending the training and demonstration plot implementation were very enthusiastic. The appropriate technology that was introduced can be well received because it gives higher results and benefits compared to conventional businesses that have been undertaken so far. More benefits are gained by applying this integrated ecological farming model because, very little is needed for fertilizers and pesticides, weeding is easier, irrigation is efficient and farmers get additional products from peanut products. Besides being able to provide added value economically, agronomically the legume crop is very beneficial because it can protect plants from pest, weeds and diseases and restore soil fertility for sustainable farming.
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Hardiansyah, Vicky, i Bambang Guritno. "Effect of Difference Bulb Size Seedling and Application of Various Doses Nitrogen on the Growth and Yield of Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.)". PLANTROPICA: Journal of Agricultural Science 007, nr 1 (25.02.2022): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpt.2022.007.1.9.
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Shallots are plants that are very responsive to changes in environmental conditions. Onion production data shows that several regions in Indonesia experienced a decline in production. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of differences in the size of the bulbs of shallot seedlings and the application of various doses of nitrogen on the growth and yield of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.). The research was carried out in Laden Village, Pamekasan District, Pamekasan Regency, Madura on 10 February 2021 - 4 April 2021. The tools used included hoes, water can, nameplates, permanent markers, cutters, rulers, digital scales, writing instruments, and camera. The materials used include shallot seeds of the Blue Lancor variety, urea fertilizer, KCL, SP-36, and fungicides. The study used a factorial randomized block design with 3 replications, the first factor being seed tuber size, consisting of 3 levels and doses of nitrogen fertilizer. S1 = small tubers (< 5 g), S2 = medium tubers (8-10 g), and S3 = large tubers (≥ 13 g). The second factor is the dose of nitrogen fertilizer consisting of 4 levels, namely D1 = 150 kg ha-1, D2 = 200 kg ha-1, D3 = 250 kg ha-1, and D4 = 300 kg ha-1. 5% and further tested with BNJ level 5%. The results showed that increasing the size of the onion seed bulbs could increase growth and yield. the use of nitrogen dose can be increased along with the increase in the size of the tubers used. Based on the yield and quality of tubers, the treatment of medium seed tubers (8-10 g) with a nitrogen dose of 200 kg ha-1 gave good results
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Ashagrie, Teshome, Derbew Belew i Amsalu Nebiyu. "Influence of planting date and bulb size on yield and quality of onion (Allium cepa L.) seed production". Cogent Food & Agriculture 7, nr 1 (1.01.2021): 1908656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2021.1908656.
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Camelo, Andrés F. Lopes, Sandra Horvitz i Perla A. Gómez. "An approach for the evaluation of efficiency of onion packinghouse operations". Horticultura Brasileira 21, nr 1 (marzec 2003): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-05362003000100010.
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The onion is a major export crop in Argentina and obtaining consistent quality is a matter of concern to remain competitive internationally. Grading is generally done according to Mercosur standards but quality assurance programs are necessary at the packinghouse level. The objective of this study was to develop a first approach for characterizing sorting and sizing efficiency. During the 1998 season five onion packinghouses located in the Valle Bonaerense del Río Colorado (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina) were randomly selected. In all of them, variables measured were: sorting table width, bulb transport and rotation speed as well as number of bulbs/sorter/hour. Before and after sorting, samples of 100 bulbs of each size category were randomly taken and closely inspected and their diameters were measured. Sizing efficiency was determined and a Chi-square test was performed to compare observed frequencies of defects with the expected ones within each category. All the studied packinghouses failed to meet the established limits for slight defects and only one of them was able to comply with the standards for basic requirements when preparing Extra class onions. Even when equipment and operational setup were different among packinghouses, the operational flux (bulbs/sorter/hour) was similar for all of them. Differences in sorting performance can be attributed mainly to the sequence of operations and speed of belt conveyors. Equipment and its calibration affected sizing efficiency, with better results obtained with the diverging roller system. The proposed methodology for characterizing efficiency could be considered as a simple and useful tool for monitoring quality at onion packinghouses.
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Bushnev, A. S., A. K. Gridnev, I. A. Kotlyarova, G. I. Orekhov, Yu V. Mamyrko, S. P. Podlesny, I. A. Pavelko i V. A. Kamardin. "Efficiency of the usage of agrotechnical practices on sunflower hybridization plot for improvement of physical and mechanical, and biological qualities of produced seeds". Oil Crops 2, nr 194 (30.06.2023): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.25230/2412-608x-2023-2-194-76-85.
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Influence of agrotechnical practices on biological, physical and mechanical qualities of seeds produced on a hybridization plot of the promising sunflower hybrid Surus was studied. To reach a goal we used a complex of agrotechnical practices (seed-sowing rates, fertilizers, chemical and biological plant protective means against diseases and pests) which had different levels of efficiency on the improvement of the biological, physical and mechanical qualities of the produced seeds. To improve the biological qualities of seeds, we graded the seeds into three different fractions: large, middle, and small. This resulted the seeds became more uniform by size, weight, volume weight, and had the higher laboratory germination. Output of a small fraction (size ˂ 3.0 mm) was 38%, a middle one (size 3.0–3.2 mm) – 37, and a large one (size ˃ 3.2 mm) – 25%, and 1000 seed weight by variants of an experiment within 40–41 g of small fraction, 46–48 – middle, and 50–52 g of large one. An average 1000 seed weight by all variants of the experiment and seed-sowing rates of the small fraction of seeds was 40 g, middle one was 47 g, and large one was 51 g. The grading of seeds by physical qualities within their linear sizes caused increasing of the laboratory germination of small seeds higher the level (85%) prescribed by the State Standard of Russia 52325-2005 in variants with chemical and biological plant protection against pests and diseases. The germination of the selected middle seed fraction was the highest (91%) in all variants of the experiment compared to the other two fractions. In a large seed fraction, there were no certified seeds by the germination. Therefore, grading the seeds by fractions is the effective method of selection and uniforming them by physical and mechanical, and biological qualities that as a result can positively effect on yield and quality of commercial seeds in progenies.
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Shrivastava, Priyanshu, Karan Singh i Ashish Pancham. "Classification of Grain s and Quality Analysis u sing Deep Learning". International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 11, nr 1 (30.10.2021): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.a3213.1011121.
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There are various varieties of Rice and lentils. Price fabrication and adulteration have been some of the various issues faced by the consumers, farmers and wholesale retailers. Traditional methods for Identification of these similar types of grains and their quality analysis are crude and inaccurate. Methods were tried to implemented earlier but due to financial inability and low efficiency, they weren’t successful. To overcome this problem, the project proposes a method that uses a machine learning technique for identification and quality analysis of these grains. Rice and Lentils which have the maximum consumption have been selected. Lentils are designated into classes based on colors. The technique of determining the elegance of a lentil is with the aid of seed coat shade. Red lentils can be confirmed through the cotyledon coloration. Lentil types may also have a huge variety of seed coat colors from inexperienced, red, speckled inexperienced, black and tan. The cotyledon colour may be red, yellow or inexperienced. The size and color of every Indian Lentil type (i.e. Red, Green, and Yellow, Black, White) are decided to be large or Medium or small, then size and colour end up part of the grade name. An smart machine is used to perceive the kind of Indian lentils from bulk samples. The proposed machine allows kernel length and coloration size using picture processing techniques. These Lentil size measurements, when combined with color attributes of the sample, classify three lentil varieties commonly grown in India with the highest accuracy. Rice is one of most consumed grains in India so its quality is of utmost importance. In this project, we identify and grade five types of rice and grade them with the help of their distinguished features such as size, color, shape, and surface. The project works in three phases viz., Feature Extraction, Training, and Testing. Various rice grain has a different shape, size, surface and various lentils come in different colors, Hence the feature that will be extracted is texture and colors. The method of regression will be adopted for the grading mechanism where the output will be in terms of percentage purity. The methodology for the extraction of the feature will be GLCM and Edge Detection where for supervised learning SVM and Back Propagation will be utilized. The project provides an efficient replacement for the traditional grading mechanism and standardizes the pricing of farm products based on their quality only.
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Ahmed, Khalil, Muhammad Qaisar NAWAZ, Syed Saqlain HUSSAIN, Muhammad RIZWAN, Muhammad SARFRAZ, Ghulam Mustafa WAINSE i Muhammad JAMIL. "Response of onion to different nitrogen levels and method of transplanting in moderately salt affected soil". Acta agriculturae Slovenica 109, nr 2 (26.09.2017): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2017.109.2.13.
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Rapid increase in population and consumption, urged upon the agronomists to develop a comprehensive site specific agro technology to boost up production per unit area and quality of daily dietary onion crop in salt affected soils by improving some basic components of the prevailing onion production technology in Pakistan. In this perspective a detailed and systematic series of field studies were undertaken for three consecutive years (2013 - 2015) at Soil Salinity Research Institute, Pindi Bhattian, Pakistan to evaluate different nitrogen levels and the cost-effective planting technique for onion production under salt affected conditions. The experiment was laid out in split plot arrangement using randomized complete block design having three replications. Two planting methods, ridge and bed planting and 4 nitrogen levels, 1- recommended dose (RD) of N (90 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>), 2 -75 % N of RD (67.5 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>), 3 -125 % N of RD (112.5 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>), 4 - 150 % N of RD (135 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>) were used. Planting methods were kept in main plots and nitrogen levels in sub plots keeping sub-plot size of 4 m x 6 m. Measurements included were: plant height, number of leaves/plants/m<sup>-2</sup>, bulb diameter, bulb mass, total bulb yield, number of flowers/umbel, seed mass/plant and 1000-seed mass. Results showed that maximum onion yield and yield attributes were recorded with nitrogen application at rate of 150 & 125 of RD in ridge planting. However nitrogen application at rate of 125 of RD in ridge planting recorded higher economic returns over all the other treatments and is recommended as most cost effective technique for onion production under salt affected soil as compare to other treatments.
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Yalamalle, V. R. "Effect of Bulb Size and Number of Growing Axis on Seed Yield and Quality in Onion (Allium cepa L.)". International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 7, nr 6 (7.12.2016): 1409–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/ijbsm/2016.7.6.1728a.
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Novikov, Arthur I., Vladimir K. Zolnikov i Tatyana P. Novikova. "Grading of Scots Pine Seeds by the Seed Coat Color: How to Optimize the Engineering Parameters of the Mobile Optoelectronic Device". Inventions 6, nr 1 (15.01.2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions6010007.
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Research Highlights: There is a problem of forest seeds quality assessment and grading afield in minimal costs. The grading quality of each seed coat color class is determined by the degree of its separation with a mobile optoelectronic grader. Background and Objectives: Traditionally, pine seeds are graded in size, but this can lead to a loss of genetic diversity. Seed coat color is individual for each forest seed and is caused to a low error in identifying the genetic features of seedling obtained from it. The principle on which the mobile optoelectronic grader operates is based on the optical signal detection reflected from the single seed. The grader can operate in scientific (spectral band analysis) mode and production (spectral feature grading) mode. When operating in production mode, it is important to determine the optimal engineering parameters of the grader that provide the maximum value of the separation degree of seed-color classes. For this purpose, a run of experiments was conducted on the forest seeds separation using a mobile optoelectronic grader and regression models of the output from factors were obtained. Materials and Methods: Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seed samples were obtained from cones of the 2019 harvest collected in a natural stand. The study is based on the Design of Experiments theory (DOE) using the Microsoft Excel platform. In each of three replications of each run from the experiment matrix, a mixture of 100 seeds of light, dark and light-dark fraction (n = 300) was used. Results: Interpretation of the obtained regression model of seed separation in the visible wavelength range (650–715 nm) shows that the maximum influence on the output—separation degree—is exerted by the angle of incidence of the detecting optical beam. Next in terms of the influence power on the output are paired interactions: combinations of the wavelength with the angle of incidence and the wavelength with the grader’s seed pipe height. The minimum effect on the output is the wavelength of the detecting optical beam. Conclusions: The use of a mobile optoelectronic grader will eliminate the cost of transporting seeds to and from forest seed centers. To achieve a value of 0.97–1.0 separation degree of Scots pine seeds colored fractions, it is necessary to provide the following optimal engineering parameters of the mobile optoelectronic grader: the wavelength of optical radiation is 700 nm, the angle of incidence of the detecting optical beam is 45° and the grader’s seed pipe height is 0.2 m.
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Prasetya, Sheka Panji, i Bambang Kusmanadhi. "PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TIGA VARIETAS LOKAL BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.) MENGGUNAKAN BERBAGAI UKURAN BERAT UMBI BIBIT". Berkala Ilmiah Pertanian 2, nr 3 (7.08.2019): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/bip.v2i3.16277.
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ABSTRACT The use of onion tubers with various sizes can affect the result of onion productivity. The availability of quality seeds and timely is a factor which plays a role in the success of the farmer of onion. Seed in the form of tubers are planting material that has been long to used in bussines farming. The use of seed tubers has variation measure of in weight. The weight size of seed tubers give affect the growth and result of cultivated shallots. The solution of this problem is looking for the right tuber size to get maximal production and result on local varieties that have been registered and issued by the Department of Agriculture. This research executed in Bagor Subdistrict, Nganjuk Regency in April 2018 until June 2018. It used Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial (RAL Faktorial) with using 2 factor. The first factor was local varieties consisting of Bauji varieties, Biru Lancor and Batu Ijo. The second factor is 4 level of different size tuber weight. If there is a real difference, will be further testing using DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) with an error rate of 5%. The parameters of observation consist of plant height, number of leaves, number of tubers, tuber diameter, tuber wet weight, tuber dry weight, tuber shrinkage and number of tuber layers. The results showed that the effect of the combination of the two factors had very significant effect on the parameters of fresh tuber weight and dry weight of onion. The varieties treatment showed the best results for fresh weight of the bulbs were Blue Lancor varieties. The treatment of seed tuber weight showed results to fresh weight of tuber was the weight of a large tuber. Key words: Onions, Seed Bulbs, Local Varieties. ABSTRAK Penggunaan umbi bawang merah dengan berbagai ukuran dapat berpengaruh terhadap hasil produktivitas bawang merah. Ketersediaan bibit yang berkualitas dan tepat waktu merupakan faktor yang ikut berperan dalam keberhasilan usaha tani bawang merah. Bibit yang berupa umbi merupakan bahan tanam yang sudah lama digunakan dalam usaha tani bawang merah. Penggunaan umbi bibit memiliki keragaman dalam ukuran berat. Ukuran berat umbi bibit berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil bawang merah yang dibudidayakan. Solusi dari permasalahan tersebut adalah dengan mencari ukuran berat umbi bibit yang tepat agar mendapatkan produksi dan hasil secara maksimal pada varietas lokal yang sudah terdaftar dan dikeluarkan oleh Kementerian Pertanian. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Bagor Kabupaten Nganjuk pada bulan April 2018 hingga bulan Juni 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial (RAL Faktorial) dengan menggunakan 2 faktor. Faktor pertama yaitu varietas lokal yang terdiri varietas Bauji, Biru Lancor dan Batu Ijo. Faktor kedua yaitu 4 taraf ukuran berat umbi bibit yang berbeda. Apabila ada beda nyata dilakukan uji lanjut dengan menggunakan DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) dengan taraf kesalahan 5%. Parameter pengamatan meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah umbi, diameter umbi, berat basah umbi, berat kering umbi, penyusutan umbi dan jumlah lapisan umbi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengaruh kombinasi kedua faktor berpengaruh sangat nyata pada parameter jumlah umbi, berat segar umbi dan berat kering jemur umbi bawang merah. Perlakuan varietas menunjukkan hasil terbaik untuk berat segar umbi adalah varietas Biru Lancor. Perlakuan berat umbi bibit menunjukkan hasil untuk berat segar umbi adalah berat umbi bibit ukuran besar. Kata Kunci : Bawang Merah, Umbi Bibit, Varietas Lokal.
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Wohleb, Carrie H., i Timothy D. Waters. "Yield, Quality, and Storage Characteristics of Onion Cultivars in the Columbia Basin of Washington in 2012–14". HortTechnology 26, nr 2 (kwiecień 2016): 230–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.26.2.230.
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An onion (Allium cepa) cultivar trial is conducted in the Columbia Basin of Washington every year. The trial helps onion growers, packers, processors, and seed companies compare cultivars and identify those most suited to their operations. This report evaluates 54 onion cultivars that were in the trials 2 years or more from 2012 to 2014. Marketable yields of cultivars averaged 764 to 1314 cwt/acre. ‘TTA-747’, ‘Scout’, ‘SV6672NW’, ‘Montero’, ‘XP07716000’, and ‘SV4058NV’ had the highest yields. All cultivars produced more jumbo-sized (3 to 4 inches) bulbs compared with any other size category, but those with the largest percentages of jumbo bulbs were Utrero, Gunnison, and Sedona. ‘Scorpion’, ‘Ruby Ring’, and ‘Purple Haze’ had the largest percentages of medium (2.25 to 3 inches) bulbs, and ‘Montero’ and ‘Ovation’ had the largest combined percentages of jumbo and colossal (>4 inches) bulbs. Cultivar differences were evident in the 2012 and 2014 trials when many of the onions flowered (bolted). Cultivars averaged 0.0 to 15.5 bolted onions per plot when 2012 and 2014 results were combined. ‘Trekker’, ‘Highlander’, ‘Trailblazer’, ‘Ruby Ring’, ‘NUN8003ON’, and ‘Milestone’ had the fewest bolted onions. Cultivar differences were also apparent when several aspects of bulb quality were evaluated after 4 months in storage. ‘Utrero’, ‘Trekker’, ‘NUN7202ON’, and ‘Tamara’ had the most uniformly shaped bulbs. Bulbs of ‘Crockett’, ‘Legend’, and ‘Utrero’ had the most complete skins. ‘Crockett’, ‘Talon’, ‘Utrero’, ‘Legend’, ‘Gunnison’, and ‘Tamara’ had the firmest bulbs. Only 14 of 54 cultivars averaged more than 74% functionally single-centered bulbs. ‘NUN7202ON’, ‘Arcero’, ‘Joaquin’, and ‘Utrero’ had the largest percentages of bulbs with single centers or small multiple centers. There were more rots caused by bacteria (Enterobacter sp.) in bulbs produced in the 2014 trial than in 2012 and 2013, probably due to a high incidence of internal dry scale in 2014. Incidence of bacterial rot in cultivars was not significantly different in 2014, but there were some cultivar differences in 2012 and 2013. Incidence of fungal neck rot (caused by Botrytis sp.) in these trials was low and there were no significant cultivar differences. The results of these trials demonstrate that many new and advanced experimental cultivars have attributes that could make them a good choice for onion growers in the Columbia Basin.
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Ashagrie, Teshome, Derbew Belew, Sentayehu Alamerew i Yehenew Getachew. "Effects of Planting Time and Mother Bulb Size on Onion (Allium cepa L.) Seed Yield and Quality at Kobo Woreda, Northern Ethiopia". International Journal of Agricultural Research 9, nr 5 (15.04.2014): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijar.2014.231.241.
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Sampangi, R. K., S. K. Mohan i H. R. Pappu. "Identification of New Alternative Weed Hosts for Iris yellow spot virus in the Pacific Northwest". Plant Disease 91, nr 12 (grudzień 2007): 1683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-12-1683b.
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Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV; family Bunyaviridae, genus Tospovirus) is an economically important viral pathogen of onion bulb and seed crops in several parts of the United States and the world (1). IYSV is primarily transmitted by onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) and there is no evidence of seed transmission (1). However, susceptible cultivated and weed species could serve as reservoirs of inoculum from which thrips could acquire the virus to introduce and spread it in onion fields. Samples from asymptomatic and symptomatic volunteer onion plants in some of the commonly cultivated crops in the region (corn, wheat, grapes, mint, carrot, alfalfa, and sugar beets) and several common weeds in and around onion bulb and seed fields with a history of IYSV in Idaho and Washington were collected during the months of July, August, September and October of 2006. More than 175 samples from 35 plant species were analyzed for IYSV by a commercially available ELISA kit (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN). With the exception of a few volunteer onions, none of the other plant species had any symptoms of virus infection. Symptoms on volunteer onions included characteristic diamond-shaped lesions. To confirm the presence of IYSV in the ELISA-positive samples, total nucleic acids were extracted (2) and used in a reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assay (3). The primer pair consisted of 5′-TAA AAC AAA CAT TCA AAC AA-3′ and 5′-CTC TTA AAC ACA TTT AAC AAG CAC-3′. This primer pair flanks the nucleocapsid (N) gene of IYSV and generates an approximate 1.2-kb amplicon (3) that includes the complete N gene. An amplicon of expected size was obtained from each IYSV-positive sample. The amplicons were cloned and sequenced. There was a 95% sequence identity with known IYSV sequences. While several weed species gave ELISA values that suggested the presence of IYSV, results of RT-PCR assays failed to confirm the presence of the virus. This discrepancy between ELISA and RT-PCR results could be due to nonspecific reaction in ELISA (4) or difficulty associated with obtaining RT-PCR-quality templates for amplification. Only volunteer onions and the following weeds tested positive for IYSV by ELISA and RT-PCR: redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), puncturevine (Tribulus terrestris), kochia (Kochia scoparia), prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola), and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album). Of these, redroot pigweed was recently reported to be ELISA-positive for IYSV (1). This information on the wider natural host range of IYSV, including potential alternative hosts that could serve as virus reservoirs, is useful for a better understanding of the disease epidemiology and in developing an integrated management strategy for reducing the impact of this disease. References: (1) D. Gent et al. Plant Dis. 90:1468, 2006. (2) H. R. Pappu et al. HortScience 40:697, 2005. (3) H. R. Pappu et al. Arch. Virol. 151:1015, 2006. (4) T. N. Smith et al. Plant Dis. 90:729, 2006.
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Halim, Atika Marisa, Muhammad Hery Edi, Moga Ade Sudrajat i Agus Widodo. "TEKNIK PEMELIHARAAN LARVA IKAN KERAPU CANTANG (Epinephelus sp.) DI SBB 88, DESA PASIR PUTIH, KECAMATAN BUNGATAN, KABUPATEN SITUBONDO". Jurnal Perikanan Pantura (JPP) 5, nr 1 (31.03.2022): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/jpp.v5i1.3109.
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This research was conducted at CV. Abundant Seed Facility (SBB) 88, Pasir Putih Village, Bungatan District, Situbondo Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the hatchery of cantang grouper from larval rearing, feeding to harvesting and post-harvest at the Abundant Seed Facility (SBB) 8 Situbondo, as well as to obtain data and information on the production yield, quantity, and quality of seeds available at the Abundant Seed Facility. (SBB) 8 Situbondo. The method used in this research is the descriptive method, with data collection techniques including primary data and secondary data. This data collection was carried out by observation, interviews, and active participation. SBB 88 is a household scale hatchery that has been certified by CPIB and has individual ownership status. SBB 88 was first established in 2007 with a land area of 900 m2, the reason it is numbered 88 is that the number of tanks in the maintenance room is 8 tanks. The rearing process for cantang grouper larvae at SBB 88 was carried out indoors, starting with egg-laying, hatching eggs, and grading from D26 – to D40. In one cycle it takes about 2 months with a seed harvest of 3 cm - 4 cm in size. The calculation of the hatching rate (HR) obtained was 80%, from 100,000 eggs that were stocked and hatched as many as 80,000 larvae, the yield obtained was 25,500 seeds from 80,000 larvae so the SR obtained was 31.87%.
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Novikov, Arthur, Michael Drapalyuk, Olga Dornyak, Vladimir Zelikov i Vladan Ivetić. "The Effect of Motion Time of a Scots Pine Single Seed on Mobile Optoelectronic Grader Efficiency: A Mathematical Patterning". Inventions 4, nr 4 (25.09.2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions4040055.
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Research Highlights: Forest owners will be able to solve the problem of testing and selection of viable forest seeds on location and save financial, time, and material resources. The possibility of integrating non-destructive quality control and separation functions in a single portable apparatus is extremely promising. The speed of the contemporary optoelectronic grader is limited by the speed of the slowest component—the mechanical system. Background and Objectives: The technological process of forest seed establishment and design of optoelectronic graders is based on a priori mathematical modeling of structural characteristics, taking into account these criteria. Known models of industrial photoseparators are expensive and have a high energy and material consumption not applicable in the field. Laboratory seed analyzers are characterized by a long time exposure, and the overall size and level of climatic performance do not allow them to be used in the field. Consequently, for small amounts of seed treatment, it is necessary to orient the seeds one by one and ensure clear and rapid coordinated actions of optoelectronic and mechanical systems. The main goal of this research is to increase the efficiency of grading forest seeds by patterning the speed of the mobile device. We will answer the following questions. What are effective geometric parameters for the seed pipe? What factors affect the speed of a single seed’s movement? Materials and Methods: This study is based on mathematical modeling, taking into account the basic principles of mechanics, using MatLab software. Results: A mechanical model of a single Scots pine seed’s motion in different zones of the seed pipe is designed, taking into account air resistance. The effective height of the seed pipe, taking into account the response time of optoelectronic grader systems, is determined. Conclusions: The time and speed of single seed movement through grader systems depends on the seed pipe’s height and radius of curvature. Other things being equal, through the use of the same optical scheme with a microprocessor to solve various problems, the compactness of the photodetector scheme allows, if necessary, to upgrade the grader to solve research problems and for use in forestry.
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Khumaidi, Ach, Rohmanul Faizin i Dimas Galang Prakosa. "KAJIAN TEKNIS PENDEDERAN IKAN KERAPU CANTANG (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus >< Epinephelus lanceolatus) SECARA INTENSIF DI BPBAP SITUBONDO". Journal of Aquatropica Asia 7, nr 2 (2.11.2022): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/joaa.v7i2.3420.
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Grouper production in Indonesia can be supported by hybridization technology which can produce grouper species with relatively faster growth and more resistance to disease. Cantang grouper is a type of grouper fish that was engineered by crossbreeding between female tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) and male grouper Kertang (Epinephelus lanceolatus). The purpose of this study was to determine the stages and technology of nursery grouper Cantang which was carried out at BPBAP Situbondo. The method used in this research is the method of observation, participation, and interviews. The primary data needed in this study are data on infrastructure, data on the number and size of seeds, feed management, water quality management, and harvesting. The data is presented with a descriptive method by discussing the data that has been obtained compared to the theories that have developed at this time. The results of this study indicate that cantang grouper nursery activities start from tank preparation, water filling, seed selection and distribution, feed management, water quality, fish pest and disease control, grading, and harvesting of cantang grouper seeds. During the practice period, the seeds were spread from hatcheries with a stocking density of 3000 to 5000 individuals in one tank with a size of 4 x 2.5 x 1 m, or the equivalent of 300 to 500 individuals/m3. The distribution of seeds is carried out after the acclimatization process, namely the adaptation process before releasing the seeds. After the seeds are removed, the tub is given an antiseptic to prevent disease in the seeds. There are several factors that can affect the growth rate of seeds, namely water quality management and feeding. During the maintenance period, a flowing water system is used, so that the water used is continuously renewed. In the morning, the seeds are flushed and soaked using fresh water, with the aim of releasing mucus on the seeds so as to reduce the potential for disease outbreaks. Nursery grouper at BPBAP Situbondo can run optimally by paying attention to the stages of cultivation, especially in the feed management and water quality management.
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Astuti, Endang Puji, Qurrota A'yun, Arida Vitasari i Putri Desi Wulan Sari. "KAJIAN TEKNIS BUDIDAYA IKAN KAKAP PUTIH (Lates calcarifer) DI BALAI PERIKANAN BUDIDAYA AIR PAYAU (BPBAP) SITUBONDO, KABUPATEN SITUBONDO, JAWA TIMUR". Jurnal Perikanan Pantura (JPP) 6, nr 1 (29.03.2023): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/jpp.v6i1.5025.
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White snapper (Lates calcarifer) is a marine fish that can be referred to as giant sea perch, sea bass, and barramundi. This fish is one of the fishery commodities that have many overseas enthusiasts. The characteristics of fish are that they are easy to cultivate because they grow relatively fast and can adapt well to the environment. However, in the process of cultivation, seeds have low susceptibility to diseases caused by environmental conditions. The solution to overcome this is to improve the quality of the parent and seed. Furthermore, the seeds are cultivated until they reach the consumption size to meet market needs. The purpose of writing this scientific article for street vendors is to find out the cultivation techniques of white snapper at the BPBAP Situbondo Fisheries Center, as well as the problems that occur during cultivation activities. The method used was the active participation method and observation. White snapper cultivationtechniques include broodstock maintenance, hatchery, and rearing, each of which consists of pond preparation, feeding, monitoring water quality, and monitoring pests and diseases. The results of observations obtained from parent-rearing activities were 79% FR, hatchery activities obtained 50% HR and 22% SR, and rearing activities with 0.10% SGR, 4.29 FCR, and 54.43% SR. The obstacle that occurs is the presence of human error in the hatchery unit due to delays in grading, causing low survival rates (SR) that do not meet the requirements. In addition, the rearing unit trash feed is not always available so it does not meet the requirements in the calculation of SR, SGR, and FCR.
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Hersi, Abdel Karim Mohamed, i Abdalla Mohamed Ali. "Onion Setsʼ Yield and Quality as Affected by Seed Rate of Two Onion (Allium cepa L.) Cultivars". University of Khartoum Journal of Agricultural Sciences 28 (16.09.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.53332/uofkjas.v28i.172.
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Onion bulb crop production using sets as planting material has been increasing for the last decade in response to the high demand and because of their high yielding capacity and adaptability to the continuously changing growing environment. The objective of this experiment, therefore, was to investigate the effect of seed rate on the yield and quality of onion setsas a highly demanded planting material. Treatments comprised two cultivars (Kamlin and Saggai) and three seed rates (60,120 and 180 kg/ha.). They were arranged in a split plot design with three replications. Cultivars were in themain plots and seed rates in the subplots. Average set weight and total set yield decreased with increasing seed rate. The highest yield was produced at 60 kg/ha and the lowest at 180 kg/ha. seed rate. Yield of the set size distribution categories was significantly affected by seed rate; seed rate of 120kg/ha resulted in the highest yield of medium set (best for production ofbulbs), followed by 60 and 180 kg/ha. Yield of set size categories decreased with increasing seed rate except for small set size category which significantly increased with increasing seed rate
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., Vishwanath, Ravi Hunje i Pavan Shinde. "Influence of Seed Quality Upgrading by Processing Machines in Soybean var. DSb-21". LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Of (4.02.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/lr-4409.
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Background: Soybean is the “Miracle crop” of the 21st century due to its nutritional value and multiple uses. Maintenance of soybean seed quality is a major issue as it is more vulnerable to mechanical damage from harvesting to next sowing. Seed processing.by use of individual or combination of machineries will help in getting physically pure, uniform, healthy sound seeds with enhanced planting value. With the advent of new improved varieties, it is advisable to find out the individual or combination of seed processing machines like air screen cleaner, specific gravity and spiral separator to find out the effective and economical seed processing to get maximum recovery with up-graded quality of seeds.Methods: The seeds of soybean var. DSb-21 were used for seed size grading using different sieve sizes and the good seeds obtained from different size grading were processed through specific gravity separator and the good seeds obtained from specific gravity separator were further processed through spiral separator and the processed seeds obtained from these machine combinations were used to assess the seed quality. The seed processing was carried out at Seed Processing Unit and seed quality studies were carried out in the Seed Quality and Research Laboratory, Seed Unit, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during 2017-18. The experiment was laid in completely randomized design.Result: The influence of sequential processing through seed size grader followed by specific gravity separator and spiral separator on seed quality revealed that, the good seeds obtained from spiral separator after seed grading with recommended sieve size 3.75 mm recorded higher recovery (76.95%), seed germination (89.00%), seedling vigour index (3567) and lower seed mechanical damage (11.67%) followed by 4.00 mm (74.80%, 87.33%, 3418 and 12.33%, respectively) and 4.80 mm (65.64%, 85.00%, 3209 and 13.67%, respectively).
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YOGEESHA, H. S., P. PANNEERSELVAM, K. BHANUPRAKASH i S. S. HEBBAR. "Standardization of protocol for seed pelleting in onion (Allium cepa) to improve seed handling". Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 87, nr 7 (11.07.2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v87i7.71966.
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A pelleting method for onion (Allium cepa L.) seed has been standardized using locally available cheaper materials, viz. vermicompost, cow dung and clay powders as stuffing materials, and methyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol as adhesive materials. The pelleted onion seeds resulted from this method were bold, smooth, round and uniform in size that helped in easy handling. The pellet weight was increased almost 4-5 times of nonpelleted seeds. The quality of pelleted seed was on par with nonpelleted seed in terms of germination and seedling vigour. The germination and seedling vigour index were 87% and 1117, respectively in pelleted seeds and 89% and 1169 in nonpelleted seed. The bulb yield of pelleted seed treatment (31.81tonnes/ha) was better than nonpelleted seed (27.85 tonnes/ha). The pelleted seeds could be stored for 3-4 months even under ambient conditions without decline in viability and vigour.
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R, Chandraprakash, Masilamani P, Rajkumar P, Geetha R, Alex Albert V i Eevera T. "Optimization of Grading Efficiency of a Specific Gravity Separator to Upgrade the Quality of (Moringa oleifera Lam.) Seeds". Madras Agricultural Journal 107, nr 10-12 (23.12.2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000388.
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The quality of Moringa oleifera seeds need to be ensured before sowing or using the seeds for other commercial purposes like oil extraction. In this study, an attempt was made to increase the efficiency of a specific gravity separator machine to upgrade the quality of moringa seed by suitably changing the machine settings viz., horizontal height (cm), vertical height (cm), and oscillation speed (rpm) of the deck and air blow rate (m3/hr). The optimization of moringa seed quality upgrading specific gravity machine has a horizontal height (cm), vertical height (cm), and air blow rate (m3/hr) adjustments of 0, 1.5, and 4.0 respectively at 450 rpm of deck oscillation. Under the above-optimized conditions, seed lot graded into five categories viz., A, B, C, D and E. Germination percentage of three grade viz., C, D, and E have 93.0%, 97.0%, and 96.0% respectively, which was higher than the germination percentage of ungraded bulk moringa seed lot (91.0%) used in this experiment. Seed with undesirable size and low in weight got separated as ‘A’ grade material. The optimization of moringa seed upgarding process showed the optimal processing conditions for grading the moringa seed based on physical property of the seed. The optimization of the moringa seed-grading machine would provide necessary information on combination of seed, operation and design parameters for enhancing seed quality.
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Panwar, Abhishek, Ashok K. Thakur, Pramod Sharma, Shivangi Negi, Cherry Nalwa i Anjay Bisht. "Effect of Sowing Dates and Botanical Seed Pelleting on Plant Growth, Bulb Yield and Quality of Onion (Allium cepa L.)". Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal, Of (27.10.2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-5183.
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Background: Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a major bulbous vegetable as well as condiment of family Alliaceae grown in India, originated in Iran and Pakistan. Seed pelleting is a mechanism of applying various materials to the seed that can enhance the seed quality with respect to physiological, physical and health attributes. Seed pelleting make it easy to handle small and irregular shaped seeds.Methods: The present investigation was conducted in the field of Department of Seed Science and Technology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan during seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18. Result: This experiment comprised of pelleted seeds with different botanicals carried out to determine the effect of sowing dates and seed pelleting and their interactions on plant growth, yield and quality of bulb crop. All the factors in the experiment as well as their interactions showed significant influence on plant growth, yield and yield contributing characters in onion. The seeds pelleted with Azadirechta indica leaf powder + clay and Melia azedarach leaf powder + clay sown directly showed maximum values w.r.t. emergence (91.50 %), plant height at 60 days after sowing (35.35 cm), average leaf length (38.43cm), number of leaves per plant (8.67), number of days to harvesting (233.49), polar diameter (46.72 mm), equatorial diameter (57.77 mm), bulb size index (2699.74 ), neck thickness (12.12 mm), number of bulb per plot (89.00) average bulb weight (75.24 g), bulb yield (6.67 kg per plot or 400.01 q per ha), plant height before neck fall stage (58.55 cm). From the present studies, it can be concluded that onion seeds pelleted with Azadirechta indica leaf powder + clay and Melia azedarach leaf powder + clay showed significant effects for enhancing bulb quality, growth, quality and yield of bulb crop raised through direct seeding.
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Sajjan, Ashok S., i A. K. Guggari. "The Effect of Seed Size on Seed Recovery and Quality in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)". LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Of (19.02.2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/lr-4414.
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Background: Quality seed is major input in increasing the productivity of agricultural crops. Seed after harvesting contains many undesirable materials and unfit for sowing. If the farmer is to be persuaded to pay for high quality seed, the seed he buys must be undeniably be pure and flow without difficulty through planter or drill. To separate different size seed material, many equipments have been developed which exploit the differences between the physical characteristics of seeds. Methods: An experiment was conducted to standardize the sieve size for seed grading in chickpea. The freshly harvested seeds of were graded using different sieve sizes. The screens used in this experiment were 7.0 mm R, 6.50 mm R, 6.0 mm R, 5.50 mm R, 4.75 mm R, 3.75 mm R and Bulk seeds (control). The seeds which retained over the screen were subjected to seed recovery and quality tests. Result: The results of the experiment indicated that the seed recovery ranged from 90.4 per cent to 97.82 per cent among the different size grades. As the screen size decreased from 7.0 to 4.75 mm, the per cent seed recovery was increased but seed quality parameters were decreased and well below the Indian Minimum Seed Certification Standard (IMSCS). The positive association of seed size and seed qualities were recorded. The 5.5 mm sieve recorded 96.4% seed recovery as compared to 6.0 mm sieve (94.4%) and found to be better by considering two per cent higher seed recovery and other higher germination, vigour index although there is recommendation is 4.75 to 6.0 mm range. Hence, the seed producer is benefitted by higher seed recovery and profit and without compromising minimum seed certification standards.