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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "One stage selection"
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Carter, Nancy J., i G. David Faulkenberry. "A model-based sample selection procedure for one-stage sampling". Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 18, nr 8 (1989): 3135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610928908830082.
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Settembrini, Fernanda, Stefano Bonomi i Chiara Gregorelli. "Patient Selection and Aesthetic Outcomes in One-Stage versus Two-Stage Implant Breast Reconstruction". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 129, nr 2 (luty 2012): 364e—366e. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/prs.0b013e318230be38.
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Dehal, Ahmed, Amanda N. Graff-Baker, Brooke Vuong, Daniel Nelson, Shu-Ching Chang, Melanie Goldfarb i Anton J. Bilchik. "Current Imaging Modalities Understage One-Third of Patients with Stage I Rectal Cancer: Implications for Treatment Selection". American Surgeon 84, nr 10 (październik 2018): 1589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481808401010.
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Accurate preoperative clinical staging is essential to optimize the treatment of rectal cancer. Primary surgical resection is typically indicated for stage I disease, whereas neoadjuvant therapy is recommended for stages II and III. The objective of this study is to examine the accuracy of clinical staging using current imaging modalities in predicting pathologic stage and, thus, selecting appropriate treatment. Adult patients with nonmetastatic rectal cancer who underwent primary surgical resection were identified from the National Cancer Database between 2006 and 2014. Data on clinical and pathologic staging was obtained. Kappa index was used to determine the correlation between clinical and pathologic staging. A total of 13,175 patients were identified. The correlation between clinical and pathologic staging was 69 per cent for stage I (31% upstaged) (Kappa 0.54, P < 0.001). One-third of patients who were clinically staged as stage I, and were therefore treated with primary surgical resection, had pathologic stage II or III disease. Based on their clinical staging, those patients did not receive the neoadjuvant therapy recommended by present guidelines. Where accurate clinical staging is in doubt, oncologists should carefully examine the quality of staging modality and perhaps consider multimodal imaging using both endorectal ultrasound and MRI.
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Izdebski, Mariusz, Ilona Jacyna-Gołda, Marcin Nivette i Emilian Szczepański. "Selection of a fleet of vehicles for tasks based on the statistical characteristics of their operational parameters". Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc - Maintenance and Reliability 24, nr 3 (20.05.2022): 407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17531/ein.2022.3.2.
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The article presents a method of selecting a fleet of vehicles with a homogeneous structure for tasks based on the statistical characteristics of their operational parameters. The selection of a vehicle fleet for tasks is one of the stages of vehicle fleet management in transport companies. The selection of a vehicle fleet for tasks has been defined as the allocation of a vehicle model to a given company, which is associated with the unification of the vehicle fleet to one specific type. The problem of selecting a fleet of vehicles has been presented in a multi-criteria approach. The operational parameters assessing the selection of vehicles for the tasks are mileage and the number of days to the first and subsequent failure, and vehicle maintenance costs. The developed method of selecting a fleet of vehicles for the tasks consists of two stages. In the first stage, the average operating parameter values are determined using statistical inference. In the second stage, using the MAJA method, a unified model of the fleet of vehicles operating in the enterprise is established.
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Longin, C. Friedrich H., H. Friedrich Utz, Jochen C. Reif, Wolfgang Schipprack i Albrecht E. Melchinger. "Hybrid maize breeding with doubled haploids: I. One-stage versus two-stage selection for testcross performance". Theoretical and Applied Genetics 112, nr 5 (25.01.2006): 903–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-005-0192-z.
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Roper, Jack, i Tom Stone. "Natural Selection". Industrial Vehicle Technology International 27, nr 2 (czerwiec 2019): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s1471-115x(23)70532-1.
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ONE OF THE MOST STRIKING CONCEPTS UNVEILED AT BAUMA MUNICH IN APRIL WAS THE WORLD'S FIRST NATURAL-GAS POWERED CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE. CASE'S PROJECT TETRA WAS SOMETHING OF A SHOW STOPPER, BUT – AS DESIGN DIRECTOR DAVID WILKIE TELLS iVT IN THIS EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW – IT'S PART OF A NEW STAGE OF EVOLUTION AT CNH INDUSTRIAL THAT IS ONLY JUST BEGINNING
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Natarajan, Sijesh, Jayampathi Basnayake, Xianming Wei i Prakash Lakshmanan. "High-Throughput Phenotyping of Indirect Traits for Early-Stage Selection in Sugarcane Breeding". Remote Sensing 11, nr 24 (10.12.2019): 2952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11242952.
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One of the major limitations for sugarcane genetic improvement is the low heritability of yield in the early stages of breeding, mainly due to confounding inter-plot competition effects. In this study, we investigate an indirect selection index (Si), developed based on traits correlated to yield (indirect traits) that were measured using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), to improve clonal assessment in early stages of sugarcane breeding. A single-row early-stage clonal assessment trial, involving 2134 progenies derived from 245 crosses, and a multi-row experiment representative of pure-stand conditions, with an unrelated population of 40 genotypes, were used in this study. Both experiments were screened at several stages using visual, multispectral, and thermal sensors mounted on a UAV for indirect traits, including canopy cover, canopy height, canopy temperature, and normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI). To construct the indirect selection index, phenotypic and genotypic variance-covariances were estimated in the single-row and multi-row experiment, respectively. Clonal selection from the indirect selection index was compared to single-row yield-based selection. Ground observations of stalk number and plant height at six months after planting made from a subset of 75 clones within the single-row experiment were highly correlated to canopy cover (rg = 0.72) and canopy height (rg = 0.69), respectively. The indirect traits had high heritability and strong genetic correlation with cane yield in both the single-row and multi-row experiments. Only 45% of the clones were common between the indirect selection index and single-row yield based selection, and the expected efficiency of correlated response to selection for pure-stand yield based on indirect traits (44%–73%) was higher than that based on single-row yield (45%). These results highlight the potential of high-throughput phenotyping of indirect traits combined in an indirect selection index for improving early-stage clonal selections in sugarcane breeding.
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Liogienė, Tatjana, i Gintautas Tamulevičius. "Multi-Stage Recognition of Speech Emotion Using Sequential Forward Feature Selection". Electrical, Control and Communication Engineering 10, nr 1 (1.07.2016): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ecce-2016-0005.
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Abstract The intensive research of speech emotion recognition introduced a huge collection of speech emotion features. Large feature sets complicate the speech emotion recognition task. Among various feature selection and transformation techniques for one-stage classification, multiple classifier systems were proposed. The main idea of multiple classifiers is to arrange the emotion classification process in stages. Besides parallel and serial cases, the hierarchical arrangement of multi-stage classification is most widely used for speech emotion recognition. In this paper, we present a sequential-forward-feature-selection-based multi-stage classification scheme. The Sequential Forward Selection (SFS) and Sequential Floating Forward Selection (SFFS) techniques were employed for every stage of the multi-stage classification scheme. Experimental testing of the proposed scheme was performed using the German and Lithuanian emotional speech datasets. Sequential-feature-selection-based multi-stage classification outperformed the single-stage scheme by 12–42 % for different emotion sets. The multi-stage scheme has shown higher robustness to the growth of emotion set. The decrease in recognition rate with the increase in emotion set for multi-stage scheme was lower by 10–20 % in comparison with the single-stage case. Differences in SFS and SFFS employment for feature selection were negligible.
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Gupta, Shanti S., i Klaus J. Miescke. "Bayesian look ahead one-stage sampling allocations for selection of the best population". Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 54, nr 2 (wrzesień 1996): 229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3758(95)00169-7.
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Khan, Ayesha, George Hicks, Caroline Pogson i Wail Al-Sarakbi. "Patient selection and outcome in one stage dermal sling assisted immediate breast reconstruction". European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO) 43, nr 5 (maj 2017): S47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2017.01.182.
Pełny tekst źródłaKsiążki na temat "One stage selection"
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Nominations: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, first session, January 22, 2009. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2011.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. The state of the presidential appointment process: Hearings before the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, first session, April 4 and 5, 2001. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2002.
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Weltall ohne Gott, Erde ohne Kirche, Mensch ohne Glaube: Zur Darstellung von Religion, Kirche und "wissenschaftlicher Weltanschauung" in Weltall, Erde, Mensch zwischen 1954 und 1974 in Relation zum Staat-Kirche-Verhältnis und der Entwicklung der Jugendweihe in der DDR. Leipzig: Edition Kirchhof & Franke, 2006.
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Nomination of Secretary of State: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, first session, January 8, 1997. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1997.
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Nomination of William J. Burns: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, first session, May 24, 2011. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2011.
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Relations, United States Congress Senate Committee on Foreign. Nomination of Lawrence S. Eagleburger: Hearings before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred First Congress, first session, March 15 and 16, 1989. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1989.
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Marcelo, Neves, i Voigt Rüdiger, red. Die Staaten der Weltgesellschaft: Niklas Luhmanns Staatsverständnis. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2007.
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Relations, United States Congress Senate Committee on Foreign. Nominations of the 112th Congress--second session: Hearings before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, second session, February 7 through November 28, 2012. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2013.
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Nomination of John F. Kerry to be Secretary of State: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, first session, January 24, 2013. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2014.
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Nomination of Hillary R. Clinton to be Secretary of State: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, first session, January 13, 2009. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2010.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "One stage selection"
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Grover, Jeff. "Special Forces Assessment and Selection (SFAS) One-Stage Example". W Strategic Economic Decision-Making, 97–102. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6040-4_13.
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Najeeb, Sofi, Anumalla Mahender, Annamalai Anandan, Waseem Hussain, Zhikang Li i Jauhar Ali. "Genetics and Breeding of Low-Temperature Stress Tolerance in Rice". W Rice Improvement, 221–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66530-2_8.
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AbstractLow-temperature stress (LTS) is one of the major abiotic stresses that affect crop growth and ultimately decrease grain yield. The development of rice varieties with low-temperature stress tolerance has been a severe challenge for rice breeders for a long time. The lack of consistency of the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) governing LTS tolerance for any given growth stage over different genetic backgrounds of mapping populations under different low-temperature stress conditions remains a crucial barrier for adopting marker-assisted selection (MAS). In this review, we discuss the ideal location and phenotyping for agromorphological and physiological parameters as indicators for LTS tolerance and also the traits associated with QTLs that were identified from biparental mapping populations and diverse rice accessions. We highlight the progress made in the fields of genome editing, genetic transformation, transcriptomics, and metabolomics to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of cold tolerance in rice. The stage-specific QTLs and candidate genes for LTS tolerance brought out valuable information toward identifying and improving LTS tolerance in rice varieties. We showed 578 QTLs and 38 functionally characterized genes involved in LTS tolerance. Among these, 29 QTLs were found to be colocalized at different growth stages of rice. The combination of stage-specific QTLs and genes from biparental mapping populations and genome-wide association studies provide potential information for developing LTS-tolerant rice varieties. The identified colocalized stage-specific LTS-tolerance QTLs will be useful for MAS and QTL pyramiding and for accelerating mapping and cloning of the possible candidate genes, revealing the underlying LTS-tolerance mechanisms in rice.
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Barbéris, Pierre, Frank Montheillet i Cédric Chauvy. "Variant Selection in Zr Alloys: How Many Variants Generated from one Beta Grain?" W Solid State Phenomena, 133–38. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-09-4.133.
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Singh, Lovejit, Sarbjeet Singh i Naveen Aggarwal. "Two-Stage Text Feature Selection Method for Human Emotion Recognition". W Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Communication, Computing and Networking, 531–38. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1217-5_51.
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Lajili, M., H. Chanal, C. Bouzgarrou i E. Duc. "A New Approach for Machine-Tool Architecture Selection at Preliminary Design Stage". W Advances on Mechanics, Design Engineering and Manufacturing II, 95–104. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12346-8_10.
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"Findings for the Conducted Investigations". W Machine Learning in Cancer Research With Applications in Colon Cancer and Big Data Analysis, 117–41. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7316-7.ch005.
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This chapter focuses on the results produced from each case study experiment. For case one, the experiments were conducted in three phases. Phase one implemented GA, PSO, and IG as the gene/feature selection algorithms over the entire dataset. Phase =two2 utilised the original dataset to implement only the cancer classification algorithms without involving any gene/feature selection algorithms. Four recognised classification algorithms are employed: SVM, NB, GP, and DT. The third phase implemented the combined approach of gene selection and cancer classification algorithms. The results of these phases are presented in the next subsections. For case two, these experiments were implemented in two phases. Phase one implemented the classification algorithms over the features selected by the hybridised selection algorithms (GA+IG), whereas Phase two classified the features using the proposed two-stage multifilter selection system. In this section, the results are presented as follows
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Shoaip, Nora, Mohammed Mahfouz Elmogy, Alaa M. Riad, Hosam Zaghloul i Farid A. Badria. "Early-Stage Ovarian Cancer Diagnosis Using Fuzzy Rough Sets with SVM Classification". W Handbook of Research on Machine Learning Innovations and Trends, 43–60. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2229-4.ch003.
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Ovarian cancer is one of the most dangerous cancers among women which have a high rank of the cancers causing death. Ovarian cancer diagnoses are very difficult especially in early-stage because most symptoms associated with ovarian cancer such as Difficulty eating or feeling full quickly, Pelvic or abdominal pain, and Bloating are common and found in Women who do not have ovarian cancer. The CA-125 test is used as a tumor marker, high levels could be a sign of ovarian cancer, but sometimes it is not true because not all women with ovarian cancer have high CA-125 levels, particularly about 20% of ovarian cancers are found at an early stage. In this paper, we try to find the most important rules helping in Early-stage ovarian cancer Diagnosis by evaluating the significance of data between ovarian cancer and the amino acids. Therefore, we propose a Fuzzy Rough feature selection with Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification model. In the pre-processing stage, we use Fuzzy Rough set theory for feature selection. In post-processing stage, we use SVM classification which is a powerful method to get good classification performance. Finally, we compare the output results of the proposed system with other classification technique to guarantee the highest classification performance.
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Chen, Shuang. "Clearing Boundaries". W State-Sponsored Inequality. Stanford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9780804799034.003.0002.
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By examining the entire process of Shuangcheng settlement—from site selection, residence planning, settler recruitment, to final settlement—this chapter offers one of the first detailed studies of a government planning of a migrant society. While previous studies treat the Qing state as a passive figure in the frontier settlement in Manchuria, this chapter provides evidence of the Qing state’s active participation in and capacity for planning and settling a frontier. The chapter highlights one important strategy used by the state: during the settlement stage, the state eliminated existing social organizations among the settlers by scattering households from the same place of origin or same descent group among different villages. This boundary-clearing procedure provided a foundation for the state to build a two-tier hierarchy with metropolitan bannermen at the top and rural bannermen on the bottom.
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Brzostowski, Krzysztof, Jaroslaw Drapala i Jerzy Swiatek. "Application of Two-Stage Adaptive Decision Making System Based on Takagi-Sugeno Model for Scenario Selection in Rehabilitation Process". W Knowledge-Based Intelligent System Advancements, 47–66. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61692-811-7.ch003.
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This chapter focuses on selected problems of complex systems identification. The first part of the chapter is devoted to identification problems in general. The tasks of determination of the plant parameters and choice of the best model are given. Then, authors describe problems of complex systems, i.e.: identification with use of limited measurements, global identification and two-stage identification. The last one is presented in details. In order to illustrate proposed methods, an adaptive system with two-stage identification and its application to biomedical problem is presented.
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Nwoye, Augustine. "A Rainbow Theory of Marriage Development". W African Psychology, 220–42. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190932497.003.0010.
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Chapter 10 presents a rainbow theory of eight stages of African marriage development. The theory is constructed within the framework of the Africentric paradigm and proposes that a rainbow of roles and expectations, challenges/tasks, tensions, joys and crises, conflicts, strengths, and opportunities constitute and determine the psychology and experience of the typical marital pair in Africa, from the mate selection stage to the last stage of marital life. Contributing such a theory was deemed necessary as a practical effort to respond to the current demand for the decolonization of scholarship in African universities. The chapter argues that one important way that African scholars could break away from the spells of colonialism and neo-colonialism and the current limitation of overdependence on foreign-based theories in the study of psychology is to generate home-based theories endogenously sourced from their African practice and experience.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "One stage selection"
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Xinquan, Gu, Li Yang, Zhang Ming, Zhao Rui, Fan Haitao, Zhang Gang i Cao Xia. "Selection of surgical procedures and microsurgical techniques for one-stage hypospadias repair". W 2011 International Conference on Human Health and Biomedical Engineering (HHBE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hhbe.2011.6027914.
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Suo, Wei, MengYang Sun, Peng Wang i Qi Wu. "Proposal-free One-stage Referring Expression via Grid-Word Cross-Attention". W Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/143.
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Referring Expression Comprehension (REC) has become one of the most important tasks in visual reasoning, since it is an essential step for many vision-and-language tasks such as visual question answering. However, it has not been widely used in many downstream tasks because it suffers 1) two-stage methods exist heavy computation cost and inevitable error accumulation, and 2) one-stage methods have to depend on lots of hyper-parameters (such as anchors) to generate bounding box. In this paper, we present a proposal-free one-stage (PFOS) model that is able to regress the region-of-interest from the image, based on a textual query, in an end-to-end manner. Instead of using the dominant anchor proposal fashion, we directly take the dense-grid of image as input for a cross-attention transformer that learns grid-word correspondences. The final bounding box is predicted directly from the image without the time-consuming anchor selection process that previous methods suffer. Our model achieves the state-of-the-art performance on four referring expression datasets with higher efficiency, comparing to previous best one-stage and two-stage methods.
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Noor, Hina, Magnus Genrup i Torsten Fransson. "Selection of One-Dimensional Design Parameter ‘Reaction Degree’ for 1st Stage of a Cooled Gas Turbine". W ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-69758.
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The recommendations available today in open literature for the choice of design parameter such as flow coefficient, stage loading and reaction degree incorporates mainly the influence of aerodynamics loss on efficiency. However, it is difficult to find the recommendation relating the influence of not only the aerodynamics loss but also cooling mass flow and cooling losses on varying most influential design parameters. In this paper, preliminary design and performance guidelines are presented for a cooled turbine stage using the 1D design tool LUAXT. The intention is to provide recommendations on the selection of design parameters, mainly reaction degree, which is found to be highly influenced by not only the aerodynamics loss but also the cooling mass flow and cooling loss such as in 1st stage of a High Pressure Turbines (HPT). The One-Dimensional (1D) design methods used to perform this task are verified and validated against experimental test data. A comparison of different loss models has been performed to provide most accurate outcomes for certain tested ranges. Based on the outcomes of this study, ‘Craig & Cox’ loss model has been considered to perform subsequent investigations for HPT design and performance estimation while formulating a parametric study. From this study, the design recommendations for the selection of performance parameter reaction degree are developed for cooled turbines. The results shows that for a HPT 1st stage, the recommended reaction degree range of 0.20 to 0.37 seems to provide the optimum stage design when chosen for stage loading in between 1.40 to 1.80 along with the stator exit flow angle in range of 74° to 78°.
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Emelianov, Vitalii, George Arvanitakis, Nicolas Gast, Krishna Gummadi i Patrick Loiseau. "The Price of Local Fairness in Multistage Selection". W Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/809.
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The rise of algorithmic decision making led to active researches on how to define and guarantee fairness, mostly focusing on one-shot decision making. In several important applications such as hiring, however, decisions are made in multiple stage with additional information at each stage. In such cases, fairness issues remain poorly understood. In this paper we study fairness in k-stage selection problems where additional features are observed at every stage. We first introduce two fairness notions, local (per stage) and global (final stage) fairness, that extend the classical fairness notions to the k-stage setting. We propose a simple model based on a probabilistic formulation and show that the locally and globally fair selections that maximize precision can be computed via a linear program. We then define the price of local fairness to measure the loss of precision induced by local constraints; and investigate theoretically and empirically this quantity. In particular, our experiments show that the price of local fairness is generally smaller when the sensitive attribute is observed at the first stage; but globally fair selections are more locally fair when the sensitive attribute is observed at the second stage – hence in both cases it is often possible to have a selection that has a small price of local fairness and is close to locally fair.
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Xue, Hui, Yu Song i Hai-Ming Xu. "Multiple Indefinite Kernel Learning for Feature Selection". W Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/448.
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Multiple kernel learning for feature selection (MKL-FS) utilizes kernels to explore complex properties of features and performs better in embedded methods. However, the kernels in MKL-FS are generally limited to be positive definite. In fact, indefinite kernels often emerge in actual applications and can achieve better empirical performance. But due to the non-convexity of indefinite kernels, existing MKL-FS methods are usually inapplicable and the corresponding research is also relatively little. In this paper, we propose a novel multiple indefinite kernel feature selection method (MIK-FS) based on the primal framework of indefinite kernel support vector machine (IKSVM), which applies an indefinite base kernel for each feature and then exerts an l1-norm constraint on kernel combination coefficients to select features automatically. A two-stage algorithm is further presented to optimize the coefficients of IKSVM and kernel combination alternately. In the algorithm, we reformulate the non-convex optimization problem of primal IKSVM as a difference of convex functions (DC) programming and transform the non-convex problem into a convex one with the affine minorization approximation. Experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate that MIK-FS is superior to some related state-of-the-art methods in both feature selection and classification performance.
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Shahidi, A., S. H. Mahboobi, S. Pirouzpanah, H. Esteki i S. Sarkar. "Trajectory Following of a Micro Motion Stage Based on Closed-Loop FEM Simulation". W ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41913.
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Micro motion stages are one of the essential components in field of micro robotics and ultra fine positioning systems. This research presents the optimum design of a 3-DOF micro motion stage and its position control using FEM simulation. This stage to be studied uses a 3 RRR flexure hinge base compliant mechanism driven by three piezoelectric stack actuators to provide micro scale planar motion. First of all parametric modeling of the stage will be fulfilled in ANSYS environment utilizing a commercial piezostack and different types of flexure hinges. Hence the Jacobian matrix will be achieved for each case. The optimum selection of the hinge form will be achieved upon results of the previous phase. Finally embedded closed-loop FEM approach in ANSYS programming will be used to follow a specified trajectory. Hereby, flexibilities of mechanism and piezoelectric actuator behavior will be modeled with more reliability than any other analytical approach.
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Poller, Andreas, Ju¨rg W. Schneider, Piet Zuidema, Johannes Holocher i Gerhard Mayer. "Performance Assessment Modelling for the Geological Siting Regions for the L/ILW and HLW Repositories in the Context of the Swiss Site Selection Plan". W ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59306.
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In Switzerland, the Nuclear Energy Law requires the disposal of all radioactive waste in deep geological repositories. The procedure for selecting the repository sites is defined in the Sectoral Plan for Deep Geological Repositories and consists of three stages. In Stage 1, the National Cooperative for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste (Nagra) proposed geological siting regions based on criteria relating to safety and engineering feasibility. As part of Stage 2, Nagra has to select at least one site within each siting region, to carry out a provisional safety analysis for each site and a safety-based comparison of the sites. In order to achieve these objectives, the state of knowledge of the geological conditions in the siting regions has to be sufficient to perform the provisional safety analyses. In October 2010, Nagra submitted a report which documents Nagra’s technical-scientific assessment of this precondition, based on a comprehensive list of processes and parameters relevant for safety and engineering feasibility. A part of this assessment consists of test calculations for the provisional safety analyses. This paper summarizes how the numerous test calculations have been identified, how the concepts of radionuclide release from the repository are implemented into numerical codes and how input data and results are organized in order to ensure transparency and traceability.
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Bharadwaj, N. Ashwin, James T. Allison i Randy H. Ewoldt. "Early-Stage Design of Rheologically Complex Materials via Material Function Design Targets". W ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-13462.
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Rheological material properties are high-dimensional function-valued quantities, such as frequency-dependent viscoelastic moduli or non-Newtonian shear viscosity. Here we describe a process to model and optimize design targets for such rheological material functions. For linear viscoelastic systems, we demonstrate that one can avoid specific a priori assumptions of spring-dashpot topology by writing governing equations in terms of a time-dependent relaxation modulus function. Our approach embraces rheological design freedom, connecting system-level performance to optimal material functions that transcend specific material classes or structure. This technique is therefore material agnostic, applying to any material class including polymers, colloids, metals, composites, or any rheologically complex material. These early-stage design targets allow for broadly creative ideation of possible material solutions, which can then be used for either material-specific selection or later-stage design of novel materials.
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Abdel-Basset, Mohamed, Yousef Al-Otaibi, Taha Bloushi, Anood Al-Dhafiri, Majdi Al-Mutawa, Mamoun Abdelbagi i Ahmed Hadi. "North Kuwait Jurassic Gas Experience of Expanding Multistage Completion Strategy for Managing Deep Tight Gas Development Challenges". W International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-23045-ms.
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Abstract North Kuwait Jurassic Gas asset has strategic importance for Kuwait production strategy as the only non-associated gas producing fields in Kuwait. This paper demonstrates the added value, experience, challenges and lessons learned of recent paradigm shift in Jurassic tight gas wells’ completion strategy from cemented liner to multistage completion. A successful expansion of Multi-Stage Completion (MSC) technology has been achieved on field level led by integrated team efforts since early 2020 to date. This helps to enhance overall well production potential, selective stimulation, overcome reservoir and intervention operations challenges, and early production delivery. The Jurassic gas asset produces mainly from deep high pressure and temperature, conventional and unconventional tight carbonate reservoirs. The recovery from such complex heterogeneous reservoirs is extremely challenging if conventional development strategies are applied. Due to the high reservoir tightness, permeability contrast among different flow units and dual permeability effect (matrix and natural fractures), well productivity potential significantly depends on the effectiveness of subsequent stimulation treatments of such complex heterogeneous reservoir to improve well productivity and connect the natural fractures. Selecting proper well completion is critical to overcome such reservoir challenges and ensure efficient acid stimulation treatments of such unconventional formations that need convenient diversion mechanism during the stimulation to enhance the productivity of each individual reservoir layer, and enable future flexibility of selective re-stimulation and reservoir management. The asset team has applied a step change in completion strategy to open-hole HPHT multistage drop-ball completions using state-of-the-art MSC technologies including closable frac ports, full 3.5in monobore post milling and debris sub to protect the MSC string during upper completion operations. This is to overcome such reservoir complexity, eliminate wellbore cleaning and multiple perforation intervention operations challenges and risks, eliminate cement quality uncertainties, improve overall cost, and fast track well delivery to production to meet asset production target by significantly reducing operation time from approximately one month of plug and perf technique to less than one week of continuous and less subsurface intervention operations. Total of 23 new Multi-stage completions were successfully installed in last 2 years including 4 systems in horizontal unconventional Najmah reservoir with overall good production results and significant improvement in selective acid stimulation (matrix and Fracturing), intervention operations efficiency and fast well delivery to production. Therefore, the asset plans to continue expansion in Multi-stage completion strategy. Based on gained experience, an integrated protocol for multi-stage candidate well selection, staging design and installation procedures workflow has been built by the integrated multidisciplinary team to ensure standard process across fields which can be used for application in other fields.
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Abdel-Basset, Mohamed, Yousef Al-Otaibi, Taha Blushi, Anood Al-Dhafiri, Majdi Al-Mutawa, Mamoun Abdelbagi i Ahmed Hadi. "North Kuwait Jurassic Gas Experience of Expanding Multistage Completion Strategy for Managing Deep Tight Gas Development Challenges". W ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211390-ms.
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Abstract North Kuwait Jurassic Gas asset has strategic importance for Kuwait production strategy as the only non-associated gas producing fields in Kuwait. This paper demonstrates the added value, experience, challenges and lessons learned of recent paradigm shift in Jurassic tight gas wells’ completion strategy from cemented liner to multistage completion. A successful expansion of Multi-Stage Completion (MSC) technology has been achieved on field level led by integrated team efforts since early 2020 to date. This helps to enhance overall well production potential, selective stimulation, overcome reservoir and intervention operations challenges, and early production delivery. The Jurassic gas asset produces mainly from deep high pressure and temperature, conventional and unconventional tight carbonate reservoirs. The recovery from such complex heterogeneous reservoirs is extremely challenging if conventional development strategies are applied. Due to the high reservoir tightness, permeability contrast among different flow units and dual permeability effect (matrix and natural fractures), well productivity potential significantly depends on the effectiveness of subsequent stimulation treatments of such complex heterogeneous reservoir to improve well productivity and connect the natural fractures. Selecting proper well completion is critical to overcome such reservoir challenges and ensure efficient acid stimulation treatments of such unconventional formations that need convenient diversion mechanism during the stimulation to enhance the productivity of each individual reservoir layer, and enable future flexibility of selective re-stimulation and reservoir management. The asset team has applied a step change in completion strategy to open-hole HPHT multistage drop-ball completions using state-of-the-art MSC technologies including closable frac ports, full 3.5in monobore post milling and debris sub to protect the MSC string during upper completion operations. This is to overcome such reservoir complexity, eliminate wellbore cleaning and multiple perforation intervention operations challenges and risks, eliminate cement quality uncertainties, improve overall cost, and fast track well delivery to production to meet asset production target by significantly reducing operation time from approximately one month of plug and perf technique to less than one week of continuous and less subsurface intervention operations. Total of 23 new Multi-stage completions were successfully installed in last 2 years including 4 systems in horizontal unconventional Najmah reservoir with overall good production results and significant improvement in selective acid stimulation (matrix and Fracturing), intervention operations efficiency and fast well delivery to production. Therefore, the asset plans to continue expansion in Multi-stage completion strategy. Based on gained experience, an integrated protocol for multi-stage candidate well selection, staging design and installation procedures workflow has been built by the integrated multidisciplinary team to ensure standard process across fields which can be used for application in other fields.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "One stage selection"
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Funkenstein, Bruria, i Cunming Duan. GH-IGF Axis in Sparus aurata: Possible Applications to Genetic Selection. United States Department of Agriculture, listopad 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7580665.bard.
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Many factors affect growth rate in fish: environmental, nutritional, genetics and endogenous (physiological) factors. Endogenous control of growth is very complex and many hormone systems are involved. Nevertheless, it is well accepted that growth hormone (GH) plays a major role in stimulating somatic growth. Although it is now clear that most, if not all, components of the GH-IGF axis exist in fish, we are still far from understanding how fish grow. In our project we used as the experimental system a marine fish, the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), which inhabits lagoons along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts of Europe, and represents one of the most important fish species used in the mariculture industry in the Mediterranean region, including Israel. Production of Sparus is rapidly growing, however, in order for this production to stay competitive, the farming of this fish species has to intensify and become more efficient. One drawback, still, in Sparus extensive culture is that it grows relatively slow. In addition, it is now clear that growth and reproduction are physiological interrelated processes that affect each other. In particular sexual maturation (puberty) is known to be closely related to growth rate in fish as it is in mammals, indicating interactions between the somatotropic and gonadotropic axes. The goal of our project was to try to identify the rate-limiting components(s) in Sparus aurata GH-IGF system which might explain its slow growth by studying the ontogeny of growth-related genes: GH, GH receptor, IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF receptor, IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) and Pit-1 during early stages of development of Sparus aurata larvae from slow and fast growing lines. Our project was a continuation of a previous BARD project and could be divided into five major parts: i) obtaining additional tools to those obtained in the previous project that are necessary to carry out the developmental study; ii) the developmental expression of growth-related genes and their cellular localization; iii) tissue-specific expression and effect of GH on expression of growth-related genes; iv) possible relationship between GH gene structure, growth rate and genetic selection; v) the possible role of the IGF system in gonadal development. The major findings of our research can be summarized as follows: 1) The cDNAs (complete or partial) coding for Sparus IGFBP-2, GH receptor and Pit-1 were cloned. Sequence comparison reveals that the primary structure of IGFBP-2 protein is 43-49% identical to that of zebrafish and other vertebrates. Intensive efforts resulted in cloning a fragment of 138 nucleotides, coding for 46 amino acids in the proximal end of the intracellular domain of GH receptor. This is the first fish GH receptor cDNA that had been cloned to date. The cloned fragment will enable us to complete the GH - receptor cloning. 2) IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-2, and IGF receptor transcripts were detected by RT-PCR method throughout development in unfertilized eggs, embryos, and larvae suggesting that these mRNAs are products of both the maternal and the embryonic genomes. Preliminary RT-PCR analysis suggest that GH receptor transcript is present in post-hatching larvae already on day 1. 3) IGF-1R transcripts were detected in all tissues tested by RT-PCR with highest levels in gill cartilage, skin, kidney, heart, pyloric caeca, and brain. Northern blot analysis detected IGF receptor only in gonads, brain and gill cartilage but not in muscle; GH increased slightly brain and gill cartilage IGF-1R mRNA levels. 4) IGFBP-2 transcript were detected only in liver and gonads, when analyzed by Northern blots; RT-PCR analysis revealed expression in all tissues studied, with the highest levels found in liver, skin, gonad and pyloric caeca. 5) Expression of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF-1R and IGFBP-2 was analyzed during gonadal development. High levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-2 expression were found in bisexual young gonads, which decreased during gonadal development. Regardless of maturational stage, IGF-II levels were higher than those of IGF-L 6) The GH gene was cloned and its structure was characterized. It contains minisatellites of tandem repeats in the first and third introns that result in high level of genetic polymorphism. 7) Analysis of the presence of IGF-I and two types of IGF receptor by immunohistochemistry revealed tissue- and stage-specific expression during larval development. Immunohistochemistry also showed that IGF-I and its receptors are present in both testicular and ovarian cells. Although at this stage we are not able to pinpoint which is the rate-limiting step causing the slow growth of Sparus aurata, our project (together with the previous BARD) yielded a great number of experimental tools both DNA probes and antibodies that will enable further studies on the factors regulating growth in Sparus aurata. Our expression studies and cellular localization shed new light on the tissue and developmental expression of growth-related genes in fish.
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Shpigel, Nahum, Raul Barletta, Ilan Rosenshine i Marcelo Chaffer. Identification and characterization of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis virulence genes expressed in vivo by negative selection. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7696510.bard.
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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiological agent of a severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in ruminants, known as Johne’s disease or paratuberculosis. Johne’s disease is considered to be one of the most serious diseases affecting dairy cattle both in Israel and worldwide. Heavy economic losses are incurred by dairy farmers due to the severe effect of subclinical infection on milk production, fertility, lower disease resistance and early culling. Its influence in the United States alone is staggering, causing an estimated loss of $1.5 billion to the agriculture industry every year. Isolation of MAP from intestinal tissue and blood of Crohn's patients has lead to concern that it plays a potential pathogenic role in promoting human IDB including Crohn’s disease. There is great concern following the identification of the organism in animal products and shedding of the organism to the environment by subclinically infected animals. Little is known about the molecular basis for MAP virulence. The goal of the original proposed research was to identify MAP genes that are required for the critical stage of initial infection and colonization of ruminants’ intestine by MAP. We proposed to develop and use signature tag mutagenesis (STM) screen to find MAP genes that are specifically required for survival in ruminants upon experimental infection. This research projected was approved as one-year feasibility study to prove the ability of the research team to establish the animal model for mutant screening and alternative in-vitro cell systems. In Israel, neonatal goat kids were repeatedly inoculated with either one of the following organisms; MAP K-10 strain and three transposon mutants of K-10 which were produced and screened by the US PI. Six months after the commencement of inoculation we have necropsied the goats and taken multiple tissue samples from the jejunum, ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes. Both PCR and histopathology analysis indicated on efficient MAP colonization of all the inoculated animals. We have established several systems in the Israeli PI’s laboratory; these include using IS900 PCR for the identification of MAP and using HSP65-based PCR for the differentiation between MAV and MAP. We used Southern blot analysis for the differentiation among transposon mutants of K-10. In addition the Israeli PI has set up a panel of in-vitro screening systems for MAP mutants. These include assays to test adhesion, phagocytosis and survival of MAP to/within macrophages, assays that determine the rate of MAPinduced apoptosis of macrophages and MAP-induced NO production by macrophages, and assays testing the interference with T cell ã Interferon production and T cell proliferation by MAP infected macrophages (macrophage studies were done in BoMac and RAW cell lines, mouse peritoneal macrophages and bovine peripheral blood monocytes derived macrophages, respectively). All partners involved in this project feel that we are currently on track with this novel, highly challenging and ambitious research project. We have managed to establish the above described research systems that will clearly enable us to achieve the original proposed scientific objectives. We have proven ourselves as excellent collaborative groups with very high levels of complementary expertise. The Israeli groups were very fortunate to work with the US group and in a very short time period to master numerous techniques in the field of Mycobacterium research. The Israeli group has proven its ability to run this complicated animal model. This research, if continued, may elucidate new and basic aspects related to the pathogenesis MAP. In addition the work may identify new targets for vaccine and drug development. Considering the possibility that MAP might be a cause of human Crohn’s disease, better understanding of virulence mechanisms of this organism might also be of public health interest as well.
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Morkun, Volodymyr S., Сергій Олексійович Семеріков i Svitlana M. Hryshchenko. Use of the system Moodle in the formation of ecological competence of future engineers with the use of geoinformation technologies. Видавництво “CSITA”, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/718.
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At present the information and communication technologies in education can be a catalyst in solving important social problems connected with increasing the educational resources and services availability and quality, real and equal opportunities in getting education for citizens despite their residence, social status and income. One of the most important education tasks is to develop students’ active cognitive attitude to knowledge. Cognitive activity in universities is a necessary stage in preparing for further professional life. The solution of task of formation of ecological competence of mining profile engineer requires the reasonable selection of the means of information and communication technologies conducing formation of ecological competence. Pressing task is constructive and research approach to preparation of future engineers to performance of professional duties in order to make them capable to develop engineering projects independently and exercise control competently. The relevance of the material covered in the article, due to the need to ensure the effectiveness of the educational process in the preparation of the future Mining Engineers. We analyze the source with problems of formation of ecological competence. The article focuses mainly general-purpose computer system support learning Moodle, which allows you to organize individual and collective work of students to master the specialized course teaching material used in teaching special course "Environmental Geoinformatics" in the implementation of educational research.
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Shpigel, Muki, Allen Place, William Koven, Oded (Odi) Zmora, Sheenan Harpaz i Mordechai Harel. Development of Sodium Alginate Encapsulation of Diatom Concentrates as a Nutrient Delivery System to Enhance Growth and Survival of Post-Larvae Abalone. United States Department of Agriculture, wrzesień 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7586480.bard.
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The major bottlenecks in rearing the highly priced gastropod abalone (Haliotis spp.) are the slow growth rate and the high mortality during the first 8 to 12 weeks following metamorphosis and settling. The most likely reason flor these problems is related to nutritional deficiencies in the diatom diet on which the post larvae (PL) feed almost exclusively in captivity. Higher survival and improved growth rate will reduce the considerable expense of hatchery-nursery resisdence time and thereflore the production costs. BARD supported our research for one year only and the support was given to us in order to prove that "(1) Abalone PL feed on encapsulated diatoms, and (2) heterotrophic diatoms can be mass produced." In the course of this year we have developed a novel nutrient delivery system specifically designed to enhance growth and survival of post-larval abalone. This approach is based on the sodium-alginate encapsulation of heterotrophically grown diatoms or diatom extracts, including appetite-stimulating factors. Diatom species that attract the PL and promote the highest growth and survival have been identified. These were also tested by incorporating them (either intact cells or as cell extracts) into a sodium-alginate matrix while comparing the growth to that achieved when using diatoms (singel sp. or as a mixture). A number of potential chemoattractants to act as appetite-stimulating factors for abalone PL have been tested. Preliminary results show that the incorporation of the amino acid methionine at a level of 10-3M to the sodim alginate matrix leads to a marked enhancement of growth. The results ol these studies provided basic knowledge on the growth of abalone and showed that it is possible to obtain, on a regular basis, survival rates exceeding 10% for this stage. Prior to this study the survival rates ranged between 2-4%, less than half of the values achieved today. Several diatom species originated from the National Center for Mariculture (Nitzchia laevis, Navicula lenzi, Amphora T3, and Navicula tennerima) and Cylindrotheca fusiformis (2083, 2084, 2085, 2086 and 2087 UTEX strains, Austin TX) were tested for heterotrophic growth. Axenic colonies were initially obtained and following intensive selection cycles and mutagenesis treatments, Amphora T3, Navicula tennerima and Cylindrotheca fusiformis (2083 UTEX strain) were capable of growing under heterotrophic conditions and to sustain highly enriched mediums. A highly efficient selection procedure as well as cost effective matrix of media components were developed and optimized. Glucose was identified as the best carbon source for all diatom strains. Doubling times ranging from 20-40 h were observed, and stable heterotroph cultures at a densities range of 103-104 were achieved. Although current growth rates are not yet sufficient for full economical fermentation, we estimate that further selections and mutagenesis treatments cycles should result in much faster growing colonies suitable for a fermentor scale-up. As rightfully pointed out by one of the reviewers, "There would be no point in assessing the optimum levels of dietary inclusions into micro-capsules, if the post-larvae cannot be induced to consume those capsules in the first place." We believe that the results of the first year of research provide a foundationfor the continuation of this research following the objectives put forth in the original proposal. Future work should concentrate on the optimization of incorporation of intact cells and cell extracts of the developed heterotrophic strains in the alginate matrix, as well as improving this delivery system by including liposomes and chemoattractants to ensure food consumption and enhanced growth.
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Sela, Hanan, Eduard Akhunov i Brian J. Steffenson. Population genomics, linkage disequilibrium and association mapping of stripe rust resistance genes in wild emmer wheat, Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598170.bard.
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The primary goals of this project were: (1) development of a genetically characterized association panel of wild emmer for high resolution analysis of the genetic basis of complex traits; (2) characterization and mapping of genes and QTL for seedling and adult plant resistance to stripe rust in wild emmer populations; (3) characterization of LD patterns along wild emmer chromosomes; (4) elucidation of the multi-locus genetic structure of wild emmer populations and its correlation with geo-climatic variables at the collection sites. Introduction In recent years, Stripe (yellow) rust (Yr) caused by Pucciniastriiformis f. sp. tritici(PST) has become a major threat to wheat crops in many parts of the world. New races have overcome most of the known resistances. It is essential, therefore, that the search for new genes will continue, followed by their mapping by molecular markers and introgression into the elite varieties by marker-assisted selection (MAS). The reservoir of genes for disease and pest resistance in wild emmer wheat (Triticumdicoccoides) is an important resource that must be made available to wheat breeders. The majority of resistance genes that were introgressed so far in cultivated wheat are resistance (R) genes. These genes, though confering near-immunity from the seedling stage, are often overcome by the pathogen in a short period after being deployed over vast production areas. On the other hand, adult-plant resistance (APR) is usually more durable since it is, in many cases, polygenic and confers partial resistance that may put less selective pressure on the pathogen. In this project, we have screened a collection of 480 wild emmer accessions originating from Israel for APR and seedling resistance to PST. Seedling resistance was tested against one Israeli and 3 North American PST isolates. APR was tested on accessions that did not have seedling resistance. The APR screen was conducted in two fields in Israel and in one field in the USA over 3 years for a total of 11 replicates. We have found about 20 accessions that have moderate stripe rust APR with infection type (IT<5), and about 20 additional accessions that have novel seedling resistance (IT<3). We have genotyped the collection using genotyping by sequencing (GBS) and the 90K SNP chip array. GBS yielded a total 341K SNP that were filtered to 150K informative SNP. The 90K assay resulted in 11K informative SNP. We have conducted a genome-wide association scan (GWAS) and found one significant locus on 6BL ( -log p >5). Two novel loci were found for seedling resistance. Further investigation of the 6BL locus and the effect of Yr36 showed that the 6BL locus and the Yr36 have additive effect and that the presence of favorable alleles of both loci results in reduction of 2 grades in the IT score. To identify alleles conferring adaption to extreme climatic conditions, we have associated the patterns of genomic variation in wild emmer with historic climate data from the accessions’ collection sites. The analysis of population stratification revealed four genetically distinct groups of wild emmer accessions coinciding with their geographic distribution. Partitioning of genomic variance showed that geographic location and climate together explain 43% of SNPs among emmer accessions with 19% of SNPs affected by climatic factors. The top three bioclimatic factors driving SNP distribution were temperature seasonality, precipitation seasonality, and isothermality. Association mapping approaches revealed 57 SNPs associated with these bio-climatic variables. Out of 21 unique genomic regions controlling heading date variation, 10 (~50%) overlapped with SNPs showing significant association with at least one of the three bioclimatic variables. This result suggests that a substantial part of the genomic variation associated with local adaptation in wild emmer is driven by selection acting on loci regulating flowering. Conclusions: Wild emmer can serve as a good source for novel APR and seedling R genes for stripe rust resistance. APR for stripe rust is a complex trait conferred by several loci that may have an additive effect. GWAS is feasible in the wild emmer population, however, its detection power is limited. A panel of wild emmer tagged with more than 150K SNP is available for further GWAS of important traits. The insights gained by the bioclimatic-gentic associations should be taken into consideration when planning conservation strategies.
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Waisel, Yoav, Bobbie McMichael i Amram Eshel. Decision Making within Plant Root Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, marzec 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613030.bard.
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Architecture of a root system is the expression of the potential of various root types to branch, to grow and to coordinate with other plant organs, under the specific limitations of the environmental conditions. The present investigation has proven the following points. 1) Genotypes with different types of root systems were identified. The growth patterns of their roots and the distribution of laterals along their main axes were recorded. 2) The patterns of development of the root systems of four cotton genotypes, throughout the entire life cycle of the plants, were described, even at such a late stage of development when the total length of the roots exceeded two kilometers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that an analysis of this type is accomplished. 3) The development of root systems under restrictive soil conditions were compared with those that have developed under the non-restrictive conditions of aeroponics. Results indicate that in the absence of the mechanical impedance of the soil, cotton plants develop single roots that reach the length of 6 m, and have a total root length of 2000 m. Thus, root growth is strongly inhibited by the soil, with some root types being inhibited more than others. 4) One of the important decisions, in constructing an operational root system architecture of mature plants, is the shift of the balance between various root fractions in favor of the very fine roots. 5) Root system architecture is determined, in part, by the sites of initiation of the lateral roots. This is determined genetically by the number of xylem archs and by the totuosity of the stele. Selection for such traits should be sought.
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Gradín, Carlos. WIID Companion (March 2021): data selection. UNU-WIDER, marzec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/wtn/2021-4.
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This document is part of a series of technical notes describing the compilation of a new companion database that complements the World Income Inequality Database (WIID). It aims at facilitating the analysis of inequality as well as progress in achieving the global goal of reducing inequality within and across countries. This new dataset also includes an annual series reporting the income distribution at the percentile level for all citizens in the world, regardless of where they live, from 1950 to the present. This technical note describes the first stage in constructing the first version of the companion datasets: data selection. It provides an overview of the approach followed in the selection of the series from different sources with information on income distribution and inequality that best represent each country and period. It also discusses the general criteria used and their implementation, which are illustrated with a few country examples.
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Brosh, Arieh, Gordon Carstens, Kristen Johnson, Ariel Shabtay, Joshuah Miron, Yoav Aharoni, Luis Tedeschi i Ilan Halachmi. Enhancing Sustainability of Cattle Production Systems through Discovery of Biomarkers for Feed Efficiency. United States Department of Agriculture, lipiec 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592644.bard.
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Feed inputs represent the largest variable cost of producing meat and milk from ruminant animals. Thus, strategies that improve the efficiency of feed utilization are needed to improve the global competitiveness of Israeli and U.S. cattle industries, and mitigate their environmental impact through reductions in nutrient excretions and greenhouse gas emissions. Implementation of innovative technologies that will enhance genetic merit for feed efficiency is arguably one of the most cost-effective strategies to meet future demands for animal-protein foods in an environmentally sustainable manner. While considerable genetic variation in feed efficiency exist within cattle populations, the expense of measuring individual-animal feed intake has precluded implementation of selection programs that target this trait. Residual feed intake (RFI) is a trait that quantifies between-animal variation in feed intake beyond that expected to meet energy requirements for maintenance and production, with efficient animals being those that eat less than expected for a given size and level of production. There remains a critical need to understand the biological drivers for genetic variation in RFI to facilitate development of effective selection programs in the future. Therefore, the aim of this project was to determine the biological basis for phenotypic variation in RFI of growing and lactating cattle, and discover metabolic biomarkers of RFI for early and more cost-effective selection of cattle for feed efficiency. Objectives were to: (1) Characterize the phenotypic relationships between RFI and production traits (growth or lactation), (2) Quantify inter-animal variation in residual HP, (3) Determine if divergent RFIphenotypes differ in HP, residual HP, recovered energy and digestibility, and (4) Determine if divergent RFI phenotypes differ in physical activity, feeding behavior traits, serum hormones and metabolites and hepatic mitochondrial traits. The major research findings from this project to date include: In lactating dairy cattle, substantial phenotypic variation in RFI was demonstrated as cows classified as having low RMEI consumed 17% less MEI than high-RMEI cows despite having similar body size and lactation productivity. Further, between-animal variation in RMEI was found to moderately associated with differences in RHP demonstrating that maintenance energy requirements contribute to observed differences in RFI. Quantifying energetic efficiency of dairy cows using RHP revealed that substantial changes occur as week of lactation advances—thus it will be critical to measure RMEI at a standardized stage of lactation. Finally, to determine RMEI in lactating dairy cows, individual DMI and production data should be collected for a minimum of 6 wk. We demonstrated that a favorably association exists between RFI in growing heifers and efficiency of forage utilization in pregnant cows. Therefore, results indicate that female progeny from parents selected for low RFI during postweaning development will also be efficient as mature females, which has positive implications for both dairy and beef cattle industries. Results from the beef cattle studies further extend our knowledge regarding the biological drivers of phenotypic variation in RFI of growing animals, and demonstrate that significant differences in feeding behavioral patterns, digestibility and heart rate exist between animals with divergent RFI. Feeding behavior traits may be an effective biomarker trait for RFI in beef and dairy cattle. There are differences in mitochondrial acceptor control and respiratory control ratios between calves with divergent RFI suggesting that variation in mitochondrial metabolism may be visible at the genome level. Multiple genes associated with mitochondrial energy processes are altered by RFI phenotype and some of these genes are associated with mitochondrial energy expenditure and major cellular pathways involved in regulation of immune responses and energy metabolism.
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Leaver, Clare, Owen Ozier, Pieter Serneels i Andrew Zeitlin. Recruitment, Effort, and Retention Effects of Performance Contracts for Civil Servants: Experimental Evidence from Rwandan Primary Schools. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), wrzesień 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2020/048.
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This paper reports on a two-tiered experiment designed to separately identify the selection and effort margins of pay-for-performance (P4P). At the recruitment stage, teacher labor markets were randomly assigned to a pay-for-percentile or fixed-wage contract. Once recruits were placed, an unexpected, incentive-compatible, school-level re-randomization was performed, so that some teachers who applied for a fixed-wage contract ended up being paid by P4P, and vice versa. By the second year of the study, the within-year effort effect of P4P was 0.16 standard deviations of pupil learning, with the total effect rising to 0.20 standard deviations after allowing for selection.
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Lovyanova, I. V. On Specific Character of Mathematical Education Content Selection at Subject-Specialised School. [б. в.], 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/2377.
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The article dwells upon the issues of mathematics teaching as a subject training organisational process. Historical principles and tendencies concerning subject-specialised school creation in particular as well as Russian and soviet school practice are analysed in the article. Experience of differentiation process on the high stage of school education in such countries as France, Japan and the USA has been investigated. The main functions of a subject matter mastering conception at high school have been pointed out. Mathematical education is considered to be the principal component of comprehensive education as well as the factor influencing the quality of education at a higher educational establishment on the whole run. The peculiarities of mathematical education content at a subject-specialised school in different directions of mathematical training have been illuminated in the article along with the deep consideration of succession problem of both secondary comprehensive and higher school educational processes correspondingly, which, in their turn, are regarded as the possible ways of education quality improvement in terms of higher educational establishment (HEE). The constructional principles of educational courses in various mathematical subjects are defined in the article.