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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Olive industry and trade”

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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 25 lipca 2024

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1

Kashiwagi, Kenichi, Erraach Yamna, Lamia Arfa i Lokman Zaibet. "Growing Olive Oil Export and Intra-Industry Trade in Mediterranean Countries: Application of Gravity Model". Sustainability 12, nr 17 (28.08.2020): 7027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177027.

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While olive oil production is spreading to the non-traditional producer countries, including the US, Australia, and New Zealand, Mediterranean countries are still major producers and exporters. However, little is known about their olive oil exports simultaneously growing in tandem with their large volume of imports. This paper examines the factors that affect olive oil exports and imports in Mediterranean countries. Using balanced panel data of olive oil trade in Mediterranean countries from 1998 to 2016, we estimated the commodity-specific gravity model. Results suggest that an increase in the overall bilateral size of trading partners positively affects the flow of olive oil trade. The difference in factor endowments has a negative impact on exports, whereas its effect is positive on their imports. The members of the European Union (EU) are competitive in olive oil export, and the volume of its import is large among the EU countries whose per capita income and demand properties are similar. These results support Linder’s hypothesis rather than the predictions from the traditional Heckscher–Ohlin trade theory. The simultaneous export and import of olive oil in Mediterranean countries implies the relevance of a growing intra-industry trade rather than a country’s specialization following its comparative advantage.

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Pomarici, E., i R. Vecchio. "The Italian olive oil industry in the global competitive scenario". Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 59, No. 8 (28.08.2013): 361–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/8/2013-agricecon.

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The current paper analyzes the reasons behind the difficulties of the Italian olive oil industry to compete in the world markets. The analysis highlights that these complexities can be related with two core factors: stagnant demand in the main producer/consumer countries and strong competition arising from the Spanish olive oil industry increasingly involved also in processing and trade. In addition, these weakness factors are boosted by the market power exerted by large retail chains that are now the main channel in which olive oil is retailed in the domestic market.  

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Sönmüş, Abdulmusa, i Mehmet Hanifi Aslan. "Comparative Advantage of Turkish Olive Oil in Global Markets: An Empirical Analysis". Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 9, nr 6 (3.07.2021): 1114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i6.1114-1119.4360.

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Purpose: This study aims to reveal the comparative advantage of the selected countries in olive oil industry. These selected countries are the main olive oil producers and mainly located in Mediterranean Seacoast. Spain, Italy, Greece and Turkey will be the subject countries in this analysis and compared with each other in terms of their export performance and comparative advantage in olive oil industry globally. Olive oil industry has a volume of around 20 billion Euros every year. Design/methodology/approach: The data for the research was collected from mainly World Bank and trade ministries of subject countries. Revealed Comparative advantage Index (RCA) is used to compare the advantage of these countries in olive oil industry. These indexes found in this analysis will be added to the olive oil RCA indexes of these countries that are found in the previous researches. The obtained data were analyzed through RCA Index formula modeling. Findings:Consuming olive oil is increasing day by day over the world. The research results show that Turkey has comparative advantage in olive industry over Greece. Last few years, Turkey has improved its comparative advantage over Italy. Spain and Italy are the leading countries in olive oil industry in terms of comparative advantage. It has also been found that Turkey has consistently increase its advantage over the last decade. Practical implications: After the comparison of RCA indexes of Spain, Greece, Italy and Turkey, it is found that higher amount of production of olive oil is not enough itself to improve the competitiveness of a country in olive oil market. Branding, packaging and marketing activities that are supported by research and development expenditures are highly important factors for a consistent competitive advantage in olive oil industry. Olive oil consumers are highly motivated on the packaging and label of a product when it comes to olive oil. They usually trust Mediterranean brands comparing to others. Originality/value: The study answers the advantages of selected countries in terms of olive oil performance in global markets. Export performance of olive oil is much likely to improve the competitiveness of a country rather than a country that produces high volume of olive oil. Production itself is not enough to increase competitiveness of a country in olive oil market.

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Vuksinic, Evelyn, Roberto Esteban Miguel, Maite M. Aldaya i Corina Iris Rodriguez. "Wastewater and Grey Water Footprint Assessment of the Olive Oil Production Process in Northwest Argentina". Water 16, nr 11 (5.06.2024): 1612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16111612.

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Argentina stands as the leading producer and exporter of olive products in the Americas, with the province of La Rioja as its main productive area. Since the 1990s, the olive grove cultivated area and related agro-industry in La Rioja have expanded. However, the resulting wastewater has generally been neglected. The water footprint (WF) provides information about the water volume consumed and polluted by a production process. Since the 1990s, agricultural and agro-industrial activities in La Rioja have experienced substantial growth. This study aims to analyze the generation, quality, and management of Oil Mill Wastewater (OMWW) using the grey WF of chloride and nitrate as an indicator and focusing on two olive mills (OM) in La Rioja. Additionally, it seeks to examine the relationship between the international trade of provincial olive oil and the estimated grey WF. For the diagnosis of OMWW generation, a description of the production process was made coupled with flow and physico-chemical characterization. The total grey WF was 8.69 and 45.5 L water/L olive oil for OM 1 and OM 2, respectively. Nitrate was identified as the critical pollutant. The grey virtual water export related to the export of olive oil was 5569 m3 for OM 1 and 28,000 m3 for OM 2. The provincial grey virtual water export related to olive oil was 161,955 m3 with major trade destinations including Spain, the United States, and Brazil. The article analyses for the first time the grey WF of olive oil industries and assess the related grey virtual water exports. This research represents a step forward in the knowledge of wastewater management in the olive oil sector and facilitates the search for solutions to minimize negative environmental impacts while promoting cleaner production.

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Satorres Martínez, Silvia, Sergio Illana Rico, Pablo Cano Marchal, Diego Manuel Martínez Gila i Juan Gómez Ortega. "Zero Defect Manufacturing in the Food Industry: Virgin Olive Oil Production". Applied Sciences 12, nr 10 (20.05.2022): 5184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12105184.

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This paper provides a zero defect manufacturing (ZDM) approach designed for the virgin olive oil (VOO) industry, with the objective of producing the best possible product using sustainable methods. A deep analysis of related work for ZDM and the current state-of-the-art technology in the VOO elaboration process is presented, along with the implications of the well-known trade-off between quality and extraction yield and the importance of having the right information on the state of the fruits and the main technological variables of the process. Currently available new technologies, such as smart devices with cloud connectivity, enable having the required amount of data and information in real-time, thus making the concept of ZDM possible. Together with the proposed ZDM approach and strategies, the basic requirements and the first steps towards the implementation of ZDM in this productive sector are identified.

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BOWN, CHAD P., i Niall Meagher. "Mexico–Olive Oil: Remedy without a cause?" World Trade Review 9, nr 1 (styczeń 2010): 85–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745609990255.

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AbstractThis paper provides a legal-economic analysis of the unappealed WTO Panel Report in Mexico–Olive Oil. The case involved a countervailing-duty measure imposed by Mexico on imports of olive oil from the European Communities (in particular, Spain and Italy). The dispute raised important issues regarding the determination of causation of injury, as neither the Panel nor the investigating authority gave much credence to evidence that the main complaint of the domestic industry was the loss of a distribution agreement and brand-name rights with a Spanish exporter. The dispute also raised interesting concerns regarding the remedies for violations of procedural obligations in the conduct of anti-dumping/countervailing-duty investigations and the right of a domestic producer that has ceased production to seek protection under the trade-remedy laws.

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Galati, Antonino, Dario Siggia, Maria Crescimanno, Enrique Martín-Alcalde, Sergi Saurí Marchán i Pau Morales-Fusco. "Competitiveness of short sea shipping: the case of olive oil industry". British Food Journal 118, nr 8 (1.08.2016): 1914–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-05-2016-0193.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the economic benefits of short sea shipping (SSS) in the shape of Motorways of the Sea (MoS) compared to road transport. The study cover a gap in agro-food economics and analyses the economic benefits of sea transport mode compared to road transport in the food trade between Spain and Italy for a specific product: olive oils. Design/methodology/approach – Three different transportation scenarios are considered (road only, road combined with accompanied SSS and road combined with unaccompanied SSS) linking the main olive oil production and consumption areas in Spain and Italy. In each scenario the cost per unit shipped have been calculated. Findings – The results show the road option is about 30 and 34 per cent more costly than the best SSS option available for the exportations from Jaén and Southern Catalonia, respectively. Research limitations/implications – The need of further research is identified, mainly focused in two directions: first, the need for inclusion of new variables to the model (e.g. value of time, seasonality, complexity of the transport chain, potential demand, etc.) to better assess the competitiveness of the sea connection and, second, a study of the environmental impact and socio-economic benefits of SSS implementation for the agri-food sector. Originality/value – The research enriches the current literature on this field and provides a basis for future studies. In particular, it corroborates the strategic decisions taken in the framework of European transport policy demonstrating a greater economic sustainability of SSS, and more specifically MoS, compared to the road transport.

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Mili, Samir, i Maria Bouhaddane. "Forecasting Global Developments and Challenges in Olive Oil Supply and Demand: A Delphi Survey from Spain". Agriculture 11, nr 3 (26.02.2021): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11030191.

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Forecasting future supply and demand is a topical subject in the olive oil sector due to its relevance for decision making and the lack of comprehensive and consensual estimates at the global level. This study aims at overcoming this gap in research by providing a foresight of global supply and demand for olive oil for the years to come. We use the Delphi technique to estimate the expected annual growth rates in the olive oil production and consumption worldwide as well as their likely impact on Spanish exports by 2025. Another key objective of the study is to elicit expert judgements on the factors that are likely to shape the predicted changes as well as the international challenges ahead. Results suggest substantial future increases in production in new-producing countries, in parallel with a slower growth in the European traditional suppliers whose focus will increasingly be placed on quality and sustainability rather than quantity. In addition, a significant growth in the world’s demand for olive oil is expected in non-traditional markets, which will be driven by greater awareness of the positive health and sustainability attributes of this product, jointly with the changes in lifestyles and rising incomes of several consumer segments. These emerging markets offer promising prospects for the international expansion of olive oil companies. Future international challenges facing the olive oil industry include new market entry, worldwide product promotion, quality standards’ harmonization, enacting trade facilitation schemes, and dealing with the COVID-19 impacts. Findings improve market predictability and transparency, and ultimately support decision-making and strategic planning in the olive oil sector.

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Foti, Paola, Alessandra Pino, Flora V. Romeo, Amanda Vaccalluzzo, Cinzia Caggia i Cinzia L. Randazzo. "Olive Pomace and Pâté Olive Cake as Suitable Ingredients for Food and Feed". Microorganisms 10, nr 2 (21.01.2022): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020237.

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Olive oil extraction generates several by-products that represent an environmental issue, mainly for Mediterranean countries where olive oil is mostly produced. These by-products represent an ecological issue for their phenolic components, such as oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, and tyrosol. However, olive oil by-products can be treated and properly exploited in different fields for their health-promoting properties, and they represent great potential for the food and beverage, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Furthermore, recovery and treatment processes can contribute to efficient waste management, which can enhance the sustainability of the olive oil industry, and in turn, lead to relevant economic benefits. The solid waste, i.e., olive pomace, could be considered to be a suitable matrix or primary resource of molecules with high added value due to their high phenolic content. Olive pomace, at different moisture contents, is the main by-product obtained from two- or three-phase extraction systems. A commonly used centrifugal extraction system, i.e., a multiphase decanter (DMF), does not require the addition of water and can generate a new by-product called pâté or olive pomace cake, consisting of moist pulp that is rich in phenols, in particular, secoiridoids, without any trace of kernel. Although several reviews have been published on olive wastes, only a few reviews have specifically focused on the solid by-products. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to provide a comprehensive overview on the current valorization of the main solid olive oil by-products, in particular, olive pomace or pâté olive cake, highlighting their use in different fields, including human nutrition.

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Ben Ayed, Rayda, Mohsen Hanana, Sezai Ercisli, Rohini Karunakaran, Ahmed Rebai i Fabienne Moreau. "Integration of Innovative Technologies in the Agri-Food Sector: The Fundamentals and Practical Case of DNA-Based Traceability of Olives from Fruit to Oil". Plants 11, nr 9 (2.05.2022): 1230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11091230.

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Several socio-economic problems have been hidden by the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Particularly, the agricultural and food industrial sectors have been harshly affected by this devastating disease. Moreover, with the worldwide population increase and the agricultural production technologies being inefficient or obsolete, there is a great need to find new and successful ways to fulfill the increasing food demand. A new era of agriculture and food industry is forthcoming, with revolutionary concepts, processes and technologies, referred to as Agri-food 4.0, which enables the next level of agri-food production and trade. In addition, consumers are becoming more and more aware about the origin, traceability, healthy and high-quality of agri-food products. The integration of new process of production and data management is a mandatory step to meet consumer and market requirements. DNA traceability may provide strong approach to certify and authenticate healthy food products, particularly for olive oil. With this approach, the origin and authenticity of products are confirmed by the means of unique nucleic acid sequences. Selected tools, methods and technologies involved in and contributing to the advance of the agri-food sector are presented and discussed in this paper. Moreover, the application of DNA traceability as an innovative approach to authenticate olive products is reported in this paper as an application and promising case of smart agriculture.

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Mukhametov, A. E., i N. B. Dautkanov. "Scenarios of the domestic oil and fat industry". Problems of AgriMarket, nr 4 (15.12.2022): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.46666/2022-4.2708-9991.13.

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The production and industrial processing of oil-containing raw materials is a strategic task for the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Domestic producers have the opportunity to dominate not only in the Central Asian region, but also to expand export flows along the developed transport routes. In addition, development of oil and fat industry of the republic will significantly reduce the impact of foreign intervention supplies on domestic market. The goal – is to identify the trends of main world players, as well as to determine the growth points of oil and fat subcomplex. The study used methods – to analyze the world branch economy: information from specialized sources and publications, official statistics from the US Department of Agriculture, foreign agricultural service of the sector "Oil crops: world markets and trade", consultations with Kazakhstani analysts in the field of agriculture, materials on the topic from open sources. Results – key global trends are identified, the average per capita consumption of vegetable oils in Kazakhstan is determined. Soybean, palm, sunflower, rapeseed and safflower are the main oil crops in the world and local space, the importance of legumes is noted. Besides exotic ones - palm trees and olives, almost all oilseed plants, which determine the global industry structure, are grown in the country. In terms of production and export of linseed oil and oil seeds, Kazakhstan producers are in the world's leading positions. The influence of restrictive anti-covid measures on production of vegetable oils is shown. An example of wholesale and retail trade is given, where a fixed trade margin for retail goods is applied. Conclusions – in the Republic of Kazakhstan there is a significant potential that can provide a dominant position in regional market and can become a catalyst for inter-industry mutually beneficial relations in food sector, fodder production and animal husbandry.

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Zimi, Eleni, K. Göransson i K. Swift. "Pottery and trade at Euesperides in Cyrenaica: an overview". Libyan Studies 50 (22.10.2019): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lis.2019.27.

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AbstractThe excavations conducted at Euesperides between 1999 and 2007 under the auspices of the Society for Libyan Studies, London, and the Department of Antiquities, Libya, and jointly directed by Paul Bennet and Andrew Wilson, brought to light private houses and a building complex, industrial areas related to purple dye production and part of the city's fortification wall. Among the finds was a highly significant body of local, regional and imported pottery (from the Greek and Punic world, Cyprus, Italy and elsewhere), dated between the last quarter of the seventh and the middle of the third century BC, when the city was abandoned.This archaeological project adopted an innovative approach to the study of pottery from the site, based on the total quantification of the coarse, fine wares and transport amphorae. This was supplemented by a targeted programme of petrographic analysis to shed light on production centres and thus questions about the trade and the economy of ancient Euesperides. The pottery study by K. Göransson, K. Swift and E. Zimi demonstrated that although the city gradually developed a significant industry of ceramics, it relied heavily on imports to cover its needs and that imported pottery reached Euesperides’ sheltered harbour either directly from the supplying regions or most often through complex maritime networks in the Mediterranean which changed over time.Cooking pots from Aegina and the Punic world, mortaria, bowls, jugs and table amphorae from Corinth as well as transport amphorae from various centres containing olive oil, wine, processed meat and fish were transported to the city from Greece, Italy/Sicily, Cyprus and elsewhere. The so-called amphorae B formed the majority, while Corinthian, Aegean (Thasian, Mendean, Knidian, etc.), Greco-Italic and Punic were adequatly represented. Regarding fine wares, East Greek, Laconian and Corinthian are common until the end of the sixth century; Attic black-glazed, and to a lesser extend, black-figure and red-figure pots dominate the assemblages between the fifth and the mid-third centuries BC, while Corinthian, Italian/Sicilian and Punic seem to have been following the commodities flow at Euesperides from the fourth century BC onwards. Finally, Cyrenaican pottery and transport amphorae have been also identified at Euesperides implying a considerable volume of inter-regional trade.

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Costagli, Giacomo, i Matteo Betti. "Avocado oil extraction processes: method for cold-pressed high-quality edible oil production versus traditional production". Journal of Agricultural Engineering 46, nr 3 (16.10.2015): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2015.467.

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Nowadays the avocado fruit (Persea americana Mill.) is widely regarded as an important fruit for its nutritional values, as it is rich in vital human nutrients. The avocado fruit is mainly sold fresh on the market, which however trades also a relevant quantity of second-grade fruits with a relatively high oil content. Traditionally, this oil is extracted from dried fruits by means of organic solvents, but a mechanical method is also used in general in locations where drying systems and/or solvent extraction units cannot be installed. These traditional processes yield a grade of oil that needs subsequent refining and is mainly used in the cosmetic industry. In the late 1990s, in New Zeland, a processing company with the collaboration of Alfa Laval began producing cold-pressed avocado oil (CPAO) to be sold as edible oil for salads and cooking. Over the last fifteen years, CPAO production has increased in many other countries and has led to an expansion of the market which is set to continue, given the growing interest in highquality and healthy food. Avocado oil like olive oil is extracted from the fruit pulp and in particular shares many principles of the extraction process with extra-vergin olive oil. We conducted a review of traditional and modern extraction methods with particular focus on extraction processes and technology for CPAO production.

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Pardo, G., I. Martin-Garcia, A. Arco, D. R. Yañez-Ruiz, R. Moral i A. del Prado. "Greenhouse-gas mitigation potential of agro-industrial by-products in the diet of dairy goats in Spain: a life-cycle perspective". Animal Production Science 56, nr 3 (2016): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15620.

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Goat milk production is an important agricultural resource in the Mediterranean basin. Market demands and scarcity of pastures during drought periods has led to farms becoming more intensive and based on imported concentrate feeds. The use of alternative feedstuffs from agro-industry can help decrease dependence on external concentrates, while preventing the environmental issues associated with livestock production and by-product disposal. From a life-cycle assessment perspective, we investigated the change on greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions of replacing a conventional dairy goat diet in southern Spain with two alternative dietary strategies, including tomato waste or olive by-products silages. The effect on enteric methane emissions and milk productivity was assessed through specific feeding trials. Experimental data were integrated within a modelling framework comprising different submodels to describe the farm system and associated production chain. A new model describing carbon and nitrogen losses from solid waste was applied to estimate the emissions associated with the baseline scenarios for food by-product management. The assessment revealed that the two dietary strategies achieve GHG reductions (~12–19% per kg milk). In both cases, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emissions from crop production were partially reduced through the displacement of typical concentrate ingredients. An additional mitigation effect was obtained when including tomato wastes in the diet because it reduced the methane emissions from enteric fermentation. Results suggested that use of agro-industrial residues for feeding is a feasible mitigation option in this case. However, as organic by-products could have alternative uses (bioenergy, soil amendment), with different implications for land use and soil carbon stocks, a more complete overview of both scenarios is recommended. Potential trade-offs from non-GHG categories may play an important role in a decision-making process.

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Qrunfleh, M. M. "OLIVE INDUSTRY IN JORDAN". Acta Horticulturae, nr 924 (grudzień 2011): 467–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2011.924.60.

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Finco, Adele, Monica Padella, Guido Di Pronio i Mirco Pollonara. "Dinamiche del commercio internazionale dell'olio di oliva italiano: un'analisi prospettica". ECONOMIA AGRO-ALIMENTARE, nr 2 (październik 2009): 169–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ecag2009-002009.

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- The paper analyses the dynamics of the Italian olive oil trade and gives a preliminary explanation of the opportunity in the international market. The paper starts showing the description of olive oil chain and production and underlining the main factors affecting the import export system. The aim of this work is to explain the magnitude of the trade flows for olive oil from Italy to its main importing countries. This objective has been reached by establishing an appropriate econometric model derived from an extended form of the "Gravity Model". This model has been broadly applied to the analysis of international trade because it provides robust estimates. The results obtained and the model itself are useful in forecasting potential trends in the exportation of high quality Italian olive oil.JEL Codes: Q13, Q17, C20Key words: Italian Olive Oil, Food-Trade, Gravity Models, Export Analysis

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García Martín, Juan Francisco, Manuel Cuevas, Chao-Hui Feng, Paloma Álvarez Mateos, Miguel Torres García i Sebastián Sánchez. "Energetic Valorisation of Olive Biomass: Olive-Tree Pruning, Olive Stones and Pomaces". Processes 8, nr 5 (26.04.2020): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8050511.

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Olive oil industry is one of the most important industries in the world. Currently, the land devoted to olive-tree cultivation around the world is ca. 11 × 106 ha, which produces more than 20 × 106 t olives per year. Most of these olives are destined to the production of olive oils. The main by-products of the olive oil industry are olive-pruning debris, olive stones and different pomaces. In cultures with traditional and intensive typologies, one single ha of olive grove annually generates more than 5 t of these by-products. The disposal of these by-products in the field can led to environmental problems. Notwithstanding, these by-products (biomasses) have a huge potential as source of energy. The objective of this paper is to comprehensively review the latest advances focused on energy production from olive-pruning debris, olive stones and pomaces, including processes such as combustion, gasification and pyrolysis, and the production of biofuels such as bioethanol and biodiesel. Future research efforts required for biofuel production are also discussed. The future of the olive oil industry must move towards a greater interrelation between olive oil production, conservation of the environment and energy generation.

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Bang, Peter Fibiger. "TRADE AND INDUSTRY". Classical Review 52, nr 1 (marzec 2002): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cr/52.1.97.

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Hancocks, Stephen. "Trade and industry". British Dental Journal 215, nr 10 (listopad 2013): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2013.1099.

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Bergstrand, Jeffrey H., i Peter Egger. "Trade Costs and Intra-Industry Trade". Review of World Economics 142, nr 3 (październik 2006): 433–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10290-006-0075-7.

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Catania, P., E. Roma i M. Vallone. "Olive Oil Mill toward Industry 4.0". Acta Horticulturae, nr 1311 (maj 2021): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2021.1311.58.

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Vitolo, Sandra, Luigi Petarca i Bruno Bresci. "Treatment of olive oil industry wastes". Bioresource Technology 67, nr 2 (luty 1999): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-8524(98)00110-2.

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Kopsidas, G. C. "Wastewater from the table olive industry". Water Research 28, nr 1 (styczeń 1994): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(94)90135-x.

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Atamer Balkan, B., i S. Meral. "Olive oil value-chain dynamics: the Turkish olive oil industry case". Acta Horticulturae, nr 1199 (kwiecień 2018): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2018.1199.32.

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Alcazar-Ruiz, A., R. Garcia-Carpintero, F. Dorado i L. Sanchez- Silva. "Valorization of olive oil industry subproducts: ash and olive pomace fast pyrolysis". Food and Bioproducts Processing 125 (styczeń 2021): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2020.10.011.

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Murillo, J. M., R. López, J. E. Fernández i F. Cabrera. "Olive tree response to irrigation with wastewater from the table olive industry". Irrigation Science 19, nr 4 (25.09.2000): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002710000016.

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Fung, K. C. "Collusive Intra-Industry Trade". Canadian Journal of Economics 24, nr 2 (maj 1991): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/135629.

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GARNAUT, ROSS. "TRADE AND INDUSTRY POLICY". Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy 10, nr 2 (czerwiec 1991): 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-3441.1991.tb00854.x.

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Forsyth, P. J. "Trade and Industry Policy". Australian Economic Review 18, nr 3 (marzec 1985): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8462.1985.tb00291.x.

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Van Biesebroeck, Johannes. "Dissecting intra-industry trade". Economics Letters 110, nr 2 (luty 2011): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2010.10.004.

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Tuğçe KILIÇ i Şule TURHAN. "Competitiveness of Turkey in Organic Olive and Olive Oil Sector". ISPEC International Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities 4, nr 3 (19.06.2020): 167–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/ispecijsshvol4iss3pp167-182.

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Along with the growing interest in healthy living and nutrition in the world, the importance of production and consumption of wild olive and olive oil has been increasing in recent years. The competitiveness of industry in Turkey, not only to olive production, interest in the processing industry and commerce has boosted. Investments in olive and olive oil sectors from different sectors have increased. Starting from this approach, which is located in Turkey's two major export products of olive and olive oil sector has been the subject of this study. Comparative Export Performance (CEP) index was used to measure the competitiveness of the sector. The study covers the years 2005-2017. According to the findings obtained with the CEP index, it is seen that we do not have a competitive advantage in the olive oil sector and we have a competitive advantage in the olive sector against Egypt and Argentina. However, it has been determined that we do not have the same advantage against Spain, Greece and Morocco. Despite these results are included in Turkey's exports in the first two products in 10 countries.

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Kumar, Rupesh, i Surendra Kansara. "Supply chain process of olive oil industry". International Journal of Management Practice 11, nr 2 (2018): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmp.2018.090829.

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Kumar, Rupesh, i Surendra Kansara. "Supply chain process of olive oil industry". International Journal of Management Practice 11, nr 2 (2018): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmp.2018.10010563.

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Ruiz Celma, A., i F. López-Rodríguez. "Cogeneration plant in an olive sludge industry". Applied Thermal Engineering 29, nr 16 (listopad 2009): 3394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2009.05.017.

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Hamed, Othman A., Yusra Fouad, Emad M. Hamed i Nisreen Al-Hajj. "Cellulose powder from olive industry solid waste". BioResources 7, nr 3 (23.07.2012): 4190–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.7.3.4190-4201.

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In the present work, a method for extracting cellulose from olive industry solid waste has been developed. The method involves subjecting solid olive waste to kraft pulping, followed by multistep bleaching processes. The totally free chlorine chemical bleaching sequence APEP was the most effective and gave an average cellulose yield of about 35%. The extracted cellulose was extensively characterized using FTIR, EMS, HPLC, and viscometry. Our key finding in this study is that the extracted cellulose was found to have physio-chemical properties that are similar to those of conventional microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). This is important, as our results show how lignocellulosic agricultural wastes can be utilized to produce high value cellulose powder.

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36

ANDERSON, EARL. "FREE TRADE AGREEMENT: Chemical industry hails trade pact". Chemical & Engineering News 70, nr 33 (17.08.1992): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v070n033.p006.

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Globerman, Steven. "North American trade liberalization and intra-industry trade". Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 128, nr 3 (wrzesień 1992): 487–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02707363.

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Bayram, Mustafa, Semra Topuz i Cemal Kaya. "Zeytin Yaprağı Ekstraktı ve Oleuropeinin Antioksidan, Antimikrobiyal Aktivitesi, Gıdalarda Kullanım Olanakları". Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 8, nr 2 (27.02.2020): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i2.337-347.3039.

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Olive leaves which is one of the by-products of olive tree cultivation and olive processing industry, have been used in traditional folk medicine for centuries. In recent studies, it has been determined that olive leaf has many bioactivities and these effects have been associated with high phenolic compound content. The most dominant phenolic compound of olive leaf is oleuropein, which is the heterosidic ester of elenolic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol. Therefore, some studies have been carried out for extracting high value added compounds from olive leaves in recent years. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of crude phenolic extract and oleuropein have been investigated. Moreover, some studies have been carried out to increase the possibility of using olive leaf extract and oleuropein in food industry due to increasing suspicion of side effects and toxicity of synthetic food preservatives. In this review, it was aimed to investigate phenolic compounds of olive leaf extract, phenolic compound extraction from olive leaf as well as antioxidant, antimicrobial activity of olive leaf extract and oleuropein and possibilities of use in foods.

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Manzanares, Paloma, Encarnación Ruiz, Mercedes Ballesteros, María J. Negro, Francisco J. Gallego, Juan C. López-Linares i Eulogio Castro. "Residual biomass potential in olive tree cultivation and olive oil industry in Spain: valorization proposal in a biorefinery context". Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 15, nr 3 (10.07.2017): e0206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2017153-10868.

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Olive crop and olive oil industry generates several residues, i.e., olive tree pruning biomass (OTPB), extracted olive pomace (EOP) and olive leaves (OL) that could be used to produce high-added value products in an integrated biorefinery. OTPB is generated in the field as a result of pruning operation to remove old branches; EOP is the main residue of the pomace olive oil extracting industry after extraction with hexane of residual oil contained in olive pomace; and OL comes from the olive cleaning process carried out at olive mills, where small branches and leaves are separated by density. In this work, an analysis of the potential of OTPB, EOP and OL residues was addressed by estimating the production volumes at national level and the spatial distribution of these residues using geographic information system software. Information provided by public institutions and personal surveys to the industries was evaluated. Moreover, chemical analysis of the residues was undertaken and the results used to make a first assessment of valorization into biofuels such as bioethanol and bio based chemicals. Results show that close to 4.2 million tons/year of EOP, OL and OTPB derived from olive oil industry and olive tree cultivation in Spain could be available as a raw material for biorefineries in Spain. The analysis of the chemical characteristics indicates the relevant potential of these feedstocks for the production of bioethanol and other compounds such as phenols based on suitable processing and conversion routes, although techno-economic evaluations must be tackled to refine this approach.

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Madureira, Joana, Inês Gonçalves, Jéssica Cardoso, Maria Inês Dias, Pedro M. P. Santos, Fernanda M. A. Margaça, Celestino Santos-Buelga, Lillian Barros i Sandra Cabo Verde. "Effects of Electron Beam Radiation on the Phenolic Composition and Bioactive Properties of Olive Pomace Extracts". Antioxidants 13, nr 5 (1.05.2024): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox13050558.

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Olive pomace is an agro-industrial waste product generated from the olive oil industry and constituted by bioactive compounds with potential applications in several industrial sectors. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effects of electron beam (e-beam) radiation on olive pomace, specifically on phenolic compounds (by HPLC–DAD–ESI/MS) and the bioactive properties (antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antimicrobial activities) of crude olive pomace (COP) and extracted olive pomace (EOP) extracts. The amount of total flavonoid content and the reducing power of COP extracts were higher than those obtained for EOP extracts. The results suggested that e-beam radiation at 6 kGy increased both total phenolic and total flavonoid contents as well as the reducing power of COP extracts, due to the higher extractability (>2.5-fold) of phenolic compounds from these samples, while decreasing the scavenging activity of extracts. The extracts of both olive pomaces showed antibacterial potential, and COP extracts at 400 µg/mL also presented antiproliferative activity against A549, Caco-2, 293T, and RAW264.7 cell lines, with both properties preserved with the e-beam treatment. All in all, e-beam radiation at 6 kGy appears to be a promising technology to valorize the pollutant wastes of the olive oil industry through enhancing phenolic extractability and bioactive properties, and, furthermore, to contribute to the environmental and economical sustainability of the olive oil industry.

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Ishchukova, Natalia, i Luboš Smutka. "The Formation of Russian Agrarian Trade Structure: Inter-industry vs. Intra-industry Trade Activities". Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 62, nr 6 (2014): 1293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201462061293.

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The paper is focused on specialization of Russia’s foreign trade in agrarian products and foodstuffs in terms of inter-industry and intra-industry trade. The main objective of this study is to analyse the extent of intra-industry trade in Russia’s foreign trade in agricultural products and to identify significant changes in trade patterns at the industry level over the transformation period (1996–2012).The results coming from individual conducted analyses provide a systematic decomposition of Russia’s foreign trade into three trade types: inter-industry, intra-industry in horizontally and vertically differentiated products. Inter-industry type of trade dominates in Russian foreign trade in agricultural and food products and accounts for about a third of total trade flows. The analysis revealed significant differences in the intensity of intra-industry trade, depending on geographic region. The lowest level of intra-industry trade is observed in relation to Africa and South America, the highest - in relation to CIS countries. There were also found some trends, including the expanding intra-industry trade in relation to the CIS countries, as well as a decrease in relation to Asian and EU countries.

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42

Liang, Jiaochen. "Trade shocks, new industry entry and industry relatedness". Regional Studies 51, nr 12 (22.11.2016): 1749–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2016.1245415.

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PIERI, R., D. RAMA i L. VENTURINI. "Intra-industry trade in the European dairy industry". European Review of Agricultural Economics 24, nr 3-4 (1.01.1997): 411–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/erae/24.3-4.411.

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Somma, Ernesto. "Intra-industry trade in the European computers industry". Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 130, nr 4 (grudzień 1994): 784–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02707537.

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DORU, Ömer, i Örsan ÖZER. "An Econometric Analysis on Factors Affecting Intra-Industry Trade in Turkish Automotive Industry". Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD) 14, nr 27 (29.11.2022): 453–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.1160045.

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Purpose: It is to empirically examine the factors affecting intra-industry trade in the automotive sector between Turkey and 24 OECD member trade partners. Design/Methodology: The determinants of intra-industry trade were tested with panel data analysis in the automotive sector. As a result of the test carried out to determine the model, regression analysis was performed with the Driscoll-Kraay standard error estimation method. Findings: The variables market size, development level, and trade openness have a positive impact on intra-industrial trade, while the variables market size difference, income inequality, and geographical distance have a reverse impact on intra-industry trade. Limitations: Export and import data for 2003–2019 are used in international trade figures in the 3-digit Standard International Trade Classification, SITC Revision-3. Originality/Value: Empirical application on the factors affecting intra-industry trade in the Turkish automotive sector is considered to be important and different in terms of subject.

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46

GUEVARA-RAMIREZ, Willmer, Cristian MORALES-LETZKUS, Itziar MARTÍNEZ-DE-ALEGRÍA i Rosa M. RÍO-BELVER. "Commercial maps of the main Latin American countries in the international olive oil market". Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 21, nr 1 (26.01.2023): e0101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023211-19179.

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Aim of study: World trade in olive oil is undergoing structural changes, with the emergence of new relevant actors, notably South American countries. The objective of this study was to analyze the performance of emerging Latin American countries in the world olive oil market during the period 2010–2019. Area of study: Major Latin American countries within an international context. Material and methods: The study was conducted through an analysis of trade networks, the application of the export growth decomposition method, the index of import dependence, and competitiveness matrices developed from the statistical evolution of import share and market share indicators. Main results: European countries continue to dominate international trade in olive oil, however, Chile and Argentina have managed to widen their role. Chile was the country with the highest growth rate in olive oil exports in terms of value and volume in the period analyzed, whereas Argentina was below the world average. Prices in general have been stagnant, although price variability between countries can be distinguished. This may be due to the re-export policy of some countries, the qualities, the format, and some intrinsic characteristics of the markets. Research highlights: Chile and Argentina figure prominently for their commercial capacity, with the former focusing mainly on the USA and Brazilian markets, and the latter on the Spanish.

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47

García-Moral, Ana, Encarnación Moral-Pajares i Leticia Gallego-Valero. "The Spanish Olive Oil with Quality Differentiated by a Protected Designation of Origin". Agriculture 13, nr 11 (20.11.2023): 2169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13112169.

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The Protected Designation of Origin (PDO), part of the EU’s quality policy for agri-food products, aims to provide consumers with reliable information on the quality of a food, linked to its origin. Olive oil has perceptible qualities derived from its place of production, which create a link between the product and its place of origin, and which can influence consumer preferences. Spain, the world’s leading producer of this vegetable fat, had 29 PDOs at the end of 2020, 25.84% of the EU total for this industry. Based on the arguments drawn from the literature and the information provided by the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAPA), this paper first analyses the importance of olive oil with differentiated quality certified by a PDO for the Spanish olive oil industry. Secondly, the t-test is applied to identify positive differences in the income earned by farmers who produce olive oil certified by a PDO. Thirdly, the international competitiveness of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) bearing a PDO label is analysed using the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index. The evidence confirms that PDO certification adds value to the product and promotes exports. However, the Spanish olive oil industry does not perform well enough to harness the potential offered by this quality label, it as it does not manage to sell all the PDO-certified EVOO. This situation merits further investigation in future studies, and should be taken into account in the design of actions and campaigns organised by institutions involved in the industry. This article contributes to the evaluation of the quality policy for EU agri-food products and examines the recent evolution of the Spanish PDO-certified olive oil industry.

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García-González, D. L., N. Tena, I. Romero, R. Aparicio-Ruiz, M. T. Morales i R. Aparicio. "A study of the differences between trade standards inside and outside Europe". Grasas y Aceites 68, nr 3 (8.09.2017): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.0446171.

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The definitions of olive oil categories are common or very similar for all the international regulatory bodies, and in many cases the text is even literally the same. However, the values of some parameters which chemically define the different categories do not have the same degree of agreement. These disagreements mean a difficult task for importers and exporters who have to deal with these differences when they need to defend the quality and genuineness of their product. This work analyzes the differences found when scrutinizing the current trade standards and regulations from a critical viewpoint, with comments and useful tips for improving the current International Olive Council methods when possible, as well as alternatives from non targeted techniques. The values of precision associated with the International Olive Council methods are also examined and the need for re-validating methods to update the analytical quality parameters is discussed.

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Pirtskhalava, Nana, i Aleksandr Karpov. "INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN FOREST INDUSTRY". Forestry Engineering Journal 9, nr 4 (13.01.2020): 162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2019.4/18.

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Russia is the richest country with forest resources. It accounts for 22 % of the world's forest cover and half of the world's coniferous wood reserves. According to forecasts, the demand for commercial wood will increase by about 150 million cubic meters by 2030. There is only one real source – Russia's reserves. Reserves today amount to more than 83 billion cubic meters. For enterprises of the Arkhangelsk region, the main markets for woodworking products are China, the USA, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands and Egypt. Based on this, the study has formed a logistic export system for three transportation options. In addition, studies have been carried out on the basis of UNCTAD, EUROSTAT and FAO materials, as well as SEARATES technical and economic data. When choosing a logistics system option, an integrated economic assessment of costs by components has been used: material flow, information flow, and logistics intermediaries. The study has examined six potential routes for delivering timber between ports in East Asia (Shanghai) and Europe (Rotterdam). Based on the results of the research, the following conclusions can be drawn. The study has addressed the issue of transportation along the Northern Sea Route (HIAR). Transportation along this route is possible only in the event of global warming and accelerated retreat of the Arctic sea ice. The economic strength for distance savings from Asia to Europe makes the northern route a likely driver of change in transportation networks

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Ville, Simon, i Valerie Burton. "Liverpool Shipping, Trade and Industry." Economic History Review 43, nr 2 (maj 1990): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2596805.

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