Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Olfactory nerve”
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Viswaprakash, Nilmini Vodyanoy Vitaly. "Enhancement, modulation and electrophysiological characterization of murine olfactory neurons to odorant stimulation in vitro". Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1309.
Pełny tekst źródłaLee, I.-Hui. "On CNS injury and olfactory ensheathing cell engraftment strategies /". Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-551-8/.
Pełny tekst źródłaDeckner, Maja-Lena. "Factors influencing the turnover of olfactory receptor neurons /". Stockholm : Karolinska Univ. Press, 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-89428-05-6/.
Pełny tekst źródła冼振鋒 i Chun-fung Sin. "Olfactory ensheathing cell transplanation in spinal cord after contusion injury". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40738930.
Pełny tekst źródłaSin, Chun-fung. "Olfactory ensheathing cell transplanation in spinal cord after contusion injury". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40738930.
Pełny tekst źródłaThompson, Rebecca M. (Rebecca Mae). "Ultrastructural effects of chemical modification on olfactory receptors". Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc798163/.
Pełny tekst źródłaDombrowski, Mary A. "Sciatic nerve remyelination and nodal formation following olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation". Yale University, 2008. http://ymtdl.med.yale.edu/theses/available/etd-08092007-114648/.
Pełny tekst źródłaVukovic, Jana. "An in vitro and in vitro study on the role of the glycoprotein fibulin-3 in olfactory nerve growth and repair". University of Western Australia. School of Anatomy and Human Biology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0182.
Pełny tekst źródłaMcMonagle, Brent Anthony. "Nasal Derived Olfactory Ensheathing and Stem Cells in Peripheral Nerve Repair and Regeneration". Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366095.
Pełny tekst źródłaThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Natural Sciences
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
Mallek, Jennifer de Toledo. "Hyaluronic acid-olfactory ensheathing cell compositions for spinal cord injury nerve regeneration". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0015880.
Pełny tekst źródłaAmaya, Daniel Alejandro. "Integration of the Peripheral and Central Nervous System During Development of the Murine Olfactory Nerve". Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367158.
Pełny tekst źródłaThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Natural Sciences
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
Rayapureddi, S. "Characterisation and application of olfactory ensheathing cells for glaucoma induced optic nerve damage". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1366899/.
Pełny tekst źródłaZhao, Xiaoguang. "Probing biological structures with magnetic resonance imaging". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40687478.
Pełny tekst źródłaTonsor, Michael M. "Interaction of apoE with estrogen in the olfactory system during nerve maintenance and recovery /". View online, 2009. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131566909.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaBakos, Stephen. "The Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and -2 in Olfactory Injury and Recovery". VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/143.
Pełny tekst źródłaGarraway, Richard. "The action of semiochemicals on olfactory nerve activity and behaviour of Deroceras reticulatum (Mull)". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303955.
Pełny tekst źródłaZhao, Xiaoguang, i 赵晓光. "Probing biological structures with magnetic resonance imaging". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40687478.
Pełny tekst źródłaWinegar, Bruce D. (Bruce David). "Roles of Calcium Ions and Cyclic AMP in Olfactory Transduction". Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331287/.
Pełny tekst źródłaJang, Woochan. "The presence of fos-like immunoreactivity in neurons in the vomeronasal epithelium of mice /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9842591.
Pełny tekst źródłaZaidi, Aliya Urooj. "Studies on the development of the olfactory nerve pathway in the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0012/NQ52741.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaKoussa, Mounir Ahmad. "Development of a Glial Network in the Olfactory Nerve: Role of a Calcium and Neuronal Activity". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144555.
Pełny tekst źródłaFornazieri, Marco Aurelio. "Validação do teste de identificação do olfato da Universidade da Pensilvânia (UPSIT) para Brasileiros". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5143/tde-10032014-090524/.
Pełny tekst źródłaINTRODUCTION: Despite the fundamental importance of olfaction to assess the flavors of food, perception of gas leakage and fire, its clinical evaluation is not yet standardized in Brazil. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test of the (UPSIT) is a test used worldwide and considered by many as the gold standard of olfactory assessment. Originally in English, it has been translated into more than 12 languages. This study aimed to validate the UPSIT for another culture in a novel form. The portuguese version of UPSIT Portuguese version was validated for the Brazilian population and normative tables were prepared to compare the score obtained by sex and age of the individual. Secondarily, we sought the predictors of a better score on the test. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted from December 2011 to August 2012. The sample used was a non-probabilistic by quotas and consisted of individuals present in a public service institution (Poupatempo São Paulo), consecutively, without olfactory complaints on exam day. We determined the quota of 60 Brazilians in each age group for each sex, as follows: 20-24, 25-30, 31-34, 35-40, 41-44, 45-50, 50-54, 55 -59, 60-64, 65-69, 70-74, 75-79 and >= 80 years. After answering a questionnaire about demographics and inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study, 782 males and 796 females did the UPSIT. In patients aged over 65 years was held the Mini Mental State Examination and excluded those patients with a score less than 24 points for the possibility of dementia. The version of the UPSIT applied in this study was the result of two previous studies to enhance the applicability of this test for the Brazilian population. RESULTS: 1820 volunteers participated in the study, 1578 were included in the normative tables. 242 were excluded on the day of the interview for being with upper airway infection, having an history of head trauma, complaining of smell or taste losses and a score below 24 on the Mini Mental State Examination. It was found that among the 1578 subjects analyzed, the UPSIT scores ranged from 9 to 40, yielding a mean score of 32.1 (SD: 5.3) and a median 33. By univariate analysis (p < 0.01) and multivariate analysis - multiple linear regression-(p < 0.05), it was observed that the age, sex, years of schooling and family monthly income influenced the test scores. CONCLUSIONS: UPSIT is now validated for use in the Brazilian population. Normative tables for olfactory assessment and a fast way to obtain them were demonstrated. Correction factors are needed for a perfect equivalence between norms of all continents, using as gold standard norms of the country where the original version of the test was developed. Worse economic and educational status interfered negatively in olfactory performance
Walkden, Heidi. "Bacterial infection of the brain: how bacteria penetrate the CNS by invading peripheral nerves". Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/395110.
Pełny tekst źródłaThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Medical Science
Griffith Health
Full Text
Schultz, Jean Marie. "Characterization of olfactory nerves in Twirler mice a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment ... for the degree of Master of Science in Orthodontics ... /". 2000. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68896419.html.
Pełny tekst źródła"Cell culture studies of olfactory receptor neurons". Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5886941.
Pełny tekst źródłaThesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991.
Bibliography: leaves 77-93.
ABSTRACT --- p.i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iii
LIST OF TABLES --- p.vii
LIST OF FIGURES --- p.viii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.ix
INTRODUCTION --- p.1
ANATOMY OF OLFACTORY MUCOSA --- p.1
NEUROGENESIS AND DIFFERENTIATION OF OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS --- p.3
ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE NERVE FIBER LAYER OF THE OLFACTORY BULB --- p.4
FACTORS INFLUENCING NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATION --- p.6
Chapter (1) --- Extracellular Matrix Molecules
Chapter (2) --- Cell Adhesion Molecules
Chapter (3) --- Soluble Diffusible Molecules
ASTROCYTES AS A SUBSTRATUM FOR CELL CULTURE --- p.12
EXPERIMENTAL PURPOSE AND DESIGN --- p.15
MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.16
PREPARATION OF CELLULAR SUBSTRATA --- p.16
Chapter (1) --- Cortical Astrocyte Monolayers
Chapter (2) --- OB Astrocyte Monolayers
Chapter (3) --- ONL Glial Cell Monolayers
Chapter (4) --- Skin Fibroblast Monolayers
DISSOCIATION OF OLFACTORY MUCOSA --- p.22
TRANSMISSION AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY --- p.23
IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE --- p.24
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY --- p.26
COUNTING OF ORNs BEARING NEURITES AND MEASUREMENT OF NEURITE LENGTH --- p.26
ANALYSIS OF CONDITIONED MEDIA --- p.27
Chapter (1) --- Preparation of Conditioned Media
Chapter (2) --- Ultrafiltration
Chapter (3) --- Heat Treatment
Chapter (4) --- Protein Assay
Chapter (5) --- Investigation of Concentration-Activity Relationship
TABLE 1 --- p.30
FIGURES 1-2 --- p.31
RESULTS --- p.36
TRANSMISSION AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY --- p.36
Chapter (1) --- Cortical Astrocytes
Chapter (2) --- ORNs on Cortical Astrocytes
"OLFACTORY NEURITE EXTENSION ON CORTICAL ASTROCYTES, OB ASTROCYTES, ONL GLIAL CELLS, AND FIBROBLASTS" --- p.38
Chapter (1) --- Morphology of the Cellular Substrata
Chapter (2) --- Morphology of ORNs on Various Cellular Substrata
Chapter (3) --- Quantitative Studies of Olfactory Neurite Extension on the Cellular Substrata
CELL ADHESION MOLECULES ON ASTROCYTES --- p.41
INFLUENCE OF SOLUBLE SUBSTANCES ON OLFACTORY NEURITE EXTENSION --- p.42
ANALYSIS OF MEDIA CONDITIONED BY FIBROBLASTS --- p.44
Chapter (1) --- Molecular Weight Range of the Inhibitory Substance(s)
Chapter (2) --- Culture of ORNs on Cortical Astrocytes in Heat-treated CMF
Chapter (3) --- Protein Assay
Chapter (4) --- Concentration-Activity Relationship
TABLES 2-8 --- p.46
FIGURES 3-9 --- p.53
DISCUSSION --- p.69
CONCLUSIONS --- p.76
REFERENCES --- p.77
Mountoufaris, George. "The Role of the Clustered Protocadherins in the Assembly of Olfactory Neural Circuits". Thesis, 2016. https://doi.org/10.7916/D89K4BBT.
Pełny tekst źródłaVincent, Adele Joan. "The morphological and molecular characterisation of olfactory ensheathing cells". Thesis, 2005. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/22147/1/whole_VincentAdeleJoan2005_thesis.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaDavila, Nestor Gabriel Trombley Paul. "Characerization of dopamine and kainate receptors in olfactory bulb neurons and their effects on glutamatergic transmission". 2003. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11172003-231726/.
Pełny tekst źródłaAdvisor: Dr. Paul Trombley, Florida State University, School of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Biological Science. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Feb. 26, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.
Wu, Po-Ju, i 吳帛儒. "Effects of spices on neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression in olfactory nerve cell and human plasma". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42821795843262514703.
Pełny tekst źródła國立臺灣大學
食品科技研究所
97
Neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY), a 36-amino acid peptide, is widely present in the central and peripheral nervous system, especially abundant in the brain. NPY is the most important stimulator of food intake. On the other hand, essences such as limonene and linalool, which are respectively the major components of grapefruit oil and lavender oil, have been verified to influence (decrease/increase) appetite in rats. Therefore, we propose that appetite regulation effect of spices might be connected with the secretion of NPY. In a previous study, we had established a NPY expression screening model by culturing olfactory nerve cells Rolf B1.T for 2 days and treating cells with limonene and linalool for 10 min. Thus, in this study, we used this model to screen thirteen spices and expected to find potential spices that could stimulate NPY mRNA expression of Rolf B1.T cells. Furthermore, a clinical trial was implemented to study the effects of these spices on the human physiological indicators, including ear temperature, blood pressure, and plasma NPY secretion. Furthermore, leptin is synthesised by adipocytes in proportion to the levels of stored triglycerides, and is a key hormone in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. This research also analyzed the leptin content in plasma. In addition, personal’s questionnaire was used to further investigate the relationship between food intake and aroma components. In NPY expression screening model, our result indicated that octenol, pinene, and methyl phenylacetate significantly increased NPY mRNA levels in the Rolf B1.T cells. Moreover, the results of clinical trial were as follows: 1) when the experimental period was 10 min, limonene (negative control) decreased plasma NPY level, indicating that it might inhibit appetite, 2) when the experimental periods were 5, 10 min, linalool (positive control) increased plasma NPY level, indicating that it might stimulate appetite, 3) when the experimental periods were 5, 10 and 15 min, octenol could increase plasma NPY level, revealing that it might be a potent stimulator of food intake, 4) the plasma NPY level in the pinene group had no obviously changes at any experimental time. However, the results of plasma leptin concentrations were inconclusive. We suspected that it was influenced by other physiological factors. Blood pressure and ear temperature were not significantly changed at any experimental time.
Alvites, Rui Damazio. "Combined use of Olfactory Mucosa Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Biomaterials in Regenerative Therapies after Peripheral Nerve Injury". Doctoral thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/134928.
Pełny tekst źródłaAlvites, Rui Damazio. "Combined use of Olfactory Mucosa Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Biomaterials in Regenerative Therapies after Peripheral Nerve Injury". Tese, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/134928.
Pełny tekst źródłaWang, Yiliu. "Imposing structure on odor representations during learning in the prefrontal cortex". Thesis, 2019. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-vnwq-8d62.
Pełny tekst źródłaBoušová, Jiřina. "Změny v Srdeční Frekvenci Novorozenců v Reakci na Odoranty s Relativně Silnou a Slabou Trigeminální Komponentou". Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-267850.
Pełny tekst źródłaBaßfeld, Eiko. "Imaging-Analyse dopaminerger Wirkungen am olfaktorischen Nerven von Xenopus-laevis-Larven". Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0001-BC25-7.
Pełny tekst źródłaHour, Naussicca Lakena. "Étude anatomique de la relation entre les neurones exprimant l’hormone de relâche des gonadotrophines et le nerf terminal lors du développement postnatal de l’opossum (Monodelphis domestica)". Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19557.
Pełny tekst źródłaWhile quite immature at birth, the opossum is nevertheless able to crawl from the urogenital opening to a mother's nipple to which it attaches to pursue its development. Sensory information are required to guide the newborn to the nipple and induce attachment. Olfaction is one of the sensory modalities often proposed. However, recent physiological experiments in the laboratory using in vitro preparations suggest that the olfactory system is too immature to influence the newborn behaviors. Furthermore, an immunohistochemical study using a marker of axonal maturity (neurofilament 200kDa, NF200) has shown that the prosencephalon is nearly devoid of mature fibers except for a thin fascicle running from the olfactory bulbs to more caudal areas of the brain. Olfaction is thus unlikely to guide the locomotion of the newborn, but the presence of this fascicle is intriguing and its development is studied in the present thesis. This fascicle is described from the day of birth to the end of the second postnatal week, when NF200 labeling is no more visible in this region. It is also shown that this fascicle superpose with fibers expressing GnRH1, a neurohormone characterizing hypothalamic neurons in the adult. The results indicate that this fascicle is the terminal nerve, and might serve as a pioneer pathway to GnRH1 fibers cells. Until P15, the olfactory cortex was devoid of NF200 projections, supporting that the olfactory systems is too immature to influence the behavior of newborn opossums.
Atallah, Elias. "Transmission des voies olfactives aux cellules réticulospinales de la lamproie". Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7056.
Pełny tekst źródłaOlfactory inputs are known for their ability to induce specific motor behaviors. Despite numerous behavioral observations in vertebrates, the mechanisms and the neural pathways underlying the olfactory-locomotor transformation are still unknown. In lamprey, recent studies have described this pathway and the mechanism underlying the transformation of olfactory input into a locomotor activity (Derjean et al., 2010). This pathway originates in the medial part of the olfactory bulb, sends projections to the posterior tuberculum, a diencephalic region. From there, the neurons project directly to the mesencephalic locomotor region that is known to send projections to the reticulospinal neurons to activate locomotion. Using lamprey brain preparation, electrophysiology and calcium imaging, the aim of this study was to establish whether all reticulospinal neurons respond to olfactory stimuli. Electrical stimulation of the olfactory nerves, the medial part of the olfactory bulb or the posterior tuberculum activates all reticulospinal cells in the four reticular nuclei (ARRN: Anterior rhombencephalic reticular nucleus; MRN: middle mesencephalic reticular nucleus; MRRN: middle rhombencephalic reticular nucleus; PRRN: posterior rhombencephalic reticular nucleus). The medial part of the olfactory bulb is the only region that is implicated in transmitting the olfactory information to reticulospinal neurons. We also discovered that when blocking the GABAergic receptors in the medial part of the olfactory bulb, the reticulospinal neurons have a stronger response to olfactory stimulation. Thus we showed that a tonic inhibition is involved in the modulating depression of the olfacto-locomotor pathway. Altogether, this work shows that stimulation of the olfactory sensory inputs activates simultaneously the entire population of reticulospinal neurons that control locomotion. In addition, there is a GABAergic tonic inhibition at the level of the medial part of the olfactory bulb that causes a modulating depression in the olfacto-locomotor pathway.
Beauséjour, Philippe-Antoine. "Modulation dopaminergique dans le système olfactif". Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18905.
Pełny tekst źródłaUne voie neuronale sous-tendant la locomotion induite par la détection d’odorants a été découverte chez la lamproie (Derjean et al., 2010). Le signal olfactif est relayé du bulbe olfactif médian au tubercule postérieur, puis à la région locomotrice mésencéphalique et enfin aux cellules réticulospinales qui activent les réseaux locomoteurs spinaux. Des études récentes démontrent que le bulbe olfactif médian est sous l’influence d’une inhibition GABAergique tonique qui régule les réponses des cellules réticulospinales à la stimulation du nerf olfactif (Daghfous et al., 2013). Des mécanismes de modulation supplémentaires pourraient exister dans le bulbe olfactif de Petromyzon marinus puisqu’il contient aussi des fibres dopaminergiques. Chez tous les vertébrés étudiés, la dopamine joue un rôle important dans le traitement olfactif. Des techniques anatomiques (traçage et immunofluorescence) et physiologiques (enregistrements intracellulaires) ont été utilisées pour étudier la modulation dopaminergique de la voie olfacto-motrice. L’immunofluorescence ciblant la dopamine a révélé des fibres plus nombreuses dans la partie médiane du BO et à proximité de neurones de projection et de fibres olfactives. De plus, aucun corps cellulaire immunopositif n’a été détecté dans le bulbe olfactif. L’enregistrement des réponses synaptiques des cellules réticulospinales à la stimulation du nerf olfactif a été réalisé dans le cerveau isolé in vitro. L’injection locale de dopamine dans le bulbe olfactif médian diminue de moitié l’amplitude de réponse. Sous l’effet d’un antagoniste des récepteurs GABAA dans le bain ou localement dans le bulbe olfactif médian, les dépolarisations soutenues enregistrées sont supprimées par l’injection de dopamine. Cependant, l’injection individuelle ou combinée dans le bulbe olfactif médian d’antagonistes sélectifs des récepteurs D1 ou D2, soit le SCH 23390 et l’éticlopride, demeure sans effet significatif sur les réponses olfacto-motrices, indiquant l’absence d’activité dopaminergique tonique. Pour localiser les neurones responsables de cette modulation, des injections de traceur axonal ont été combinées avec l’immunofluorescence ciblant la dopamine. Des cellules dopaminergiques projetant au BO médian ont été observées dans les noyaux dopaminergiques du tubercule postérieur et de l’hypothalamus périventriculaire. Dans l’ensemble, nos résultats montrent anatomiquement et physiologiquement la présence d’une innervation dopaminergique dans le bulbe olfactif médian qui a une action inhibitrice sur le traitement olfacto-moteur.
A neural substrate underlying odor-evoked locomotion was revealed in lampreys (Derjean et al., 2010), involving a neural pathway extending from the medial part of the olfactory bulb to the posterior tuberculum. The signal is then relayed to the mesencephalic locomotor region and eventually reaches reticulospinal cells that activate the spinal locomotor networks. Recent research in the lab (Daghfous et al., 2013) shows that the medial olfactory bulb, is under a tonic GABAergic inhibition gating reticulospinal cell responses to olfactory nerve stimulation. Additional modulatory mechanisms might exist in the olfactory bulb of Petromyzon marinus as it also contains dopaminergic fibers. In every vertebrate studied to date, dopamine plays an important role in olfactory processing. Anatomical (axonal tracers and immunofluorescence) and physiological (intracellular recordings) techniques were used to investigate the dopaminergic modulation of the olfacto-motor pathway. Dopamine immunofluorescence showed scarce innervation of the olfactory bulb that was most abundant in the medial part and in close vicinity to projection neurons and olfactory nerve fibers. Additionally, no dopamine-immunoreactive cell bodies were detected in the olfactory bulb. Synaptic responses of reticulospinal cells to olfactory nerve stimulation were recorded in the isolated brain. Local injection of dopamine in the medial olfactory bulb induces an almost two-fold decrease of the synaptic responses. When GABAA receptor antagonist GABAzine was also injected in the medial olfactory bulb, the effect of dopamine was much more evident and could suppress large bursts of action potentials. However, D1 (SCH 23390) and D2 (Eticlopride) receptor antagonists injection in the medial olfactory bulb failed to alter the amplitude of reticulospinal cell responses to olfactory nerve stimulation, indicating that this modulation is not tonic. To locate the neurons responsible for this modulation, tracer injections combined with dopamine immunofluorescence were performed. Dopaminergic cells projecting to the medial olfactory bulb were found in the dopaminergic nuclei of the posterior tuberculum and the periventricular hypothalamus. Altogether, our results show anatomically and physiologically the presence of a dopaminergic innervation within the medial olfactory bulb that mediates inhibitory effects on olfacto-motor signaling.