Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Old age pensions

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Old age pensions”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 30 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Old age pensions"

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Vukovic, Drenka. "Old age and poverty". Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, nr 131 (2010): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1031165v.

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The process of demographic changes in Serbia is followed by discussions on the need to provide safety at old age and solve the problems of poverty and social exclusion of older citizens. In the current state there are no mechanisms that guarantee an adequate life standard at old age, the consequence of which is a high poverty rate, deteriorating health and limited access to social programs. The results of the Survey on life standard from 2002 and 2007 show that poverty among population in general and pensioners has decreased, while the poverty risk among people older than 65 has increased twice. The restrictive methods of the reforms cause a change in the relation between the pensions and the earnings, so that more and more pensioners receive below average, i.e. minimal pensions. Not all old people are covered by pension insurance so that a significant number (around 400.000) does not have a safe monthly income at all. The state program of financial aid is of modest size and does not provide help to all of the poor. Welfare aid decreases the risk of poverty, but it do not guarantee an adequate level of material security at old age. The low level of minimal and average pensions, the decline of participation in the average earnings and the strict criteria of the social security system have brought to awareness the necessity of 'social pensions' and various help and support programs for the elderly. .
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Masuku, Sikanyiso, Sizo Nkala i Abigail Benhura. "Old Age Poverty". African Journal of Political Science 11, nr 2 (1.02.2024): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/56apwk71.

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Despite having over 500 000 pensioners, Zimbabwe is far from guaranteeing its elderly an effective social security system. The National Social Security Authority (NSSA) – is embroiled in numerous cases of corruption. Similar criticisms have also been levelled against personal pension schemes with the living potential of pensioners in Zimbabwe (who receive in some cases less than US$1 monthly), continuing to deteriorate. In contributing new data to the understudied phenomenon of the old age pensions industry in Zimbabwe, this study interviewed a purposively drawn sample of bureaucrats from NSSA and pensioners in three provinces. Profound challenges in decommodification – attributes of a zero accountability status quo and a tokenistic, non-transformative old age social security regime were noted with numerous recommendations being proffered. Old age pension administrators failure to define and maintain measurable social indicators was argued in the study as partly contributing to their inability to ensure compliance to their primary mandate of providing a social security net for pension contributors.
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Case, Anne, i Alicia Menendez. "Does money empower the elderly? Evidence from the Agincourt demographic surveillance site, South Africa1". Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 35, nr 69_suppl (sierpień 2007): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14034950701355445.

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Aims: To quantify the impact of the South African old age (social) pension on outcomes for pensioners and the prime-aged adults and children who live with them, and to examine alternative means by which pensions affect household outcomes. Methods: We collected socioeconomic data on 290 households in the Agincourt demographic surveillance area (DSA), stratifying our sample on the presence of a household member age-eligible for the old-age pension (women aged 60 and older, men aged 65 and older). Results: The presence of a pensioner significantly reduces household reports that adults and, separately, children missed meals because there was not enough money for food. In addition, girls are significantly more likely to be enrolled in school if they are living with a pensioner, an effect that is driven entirely by living with a female pensioner. Our results are consistent with a model in which pensioners have a greater say in household functioning once they begin to receive their pensions. Conclusions: We find a program targeted toward the elderly plays a significant role in children's health and development.
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Moseiko, V. V. "Old-age Pension Provision in the EAEU Countries". EURASIAN INTEGRATION: economics, law, politics 17, nr 3 (3.10.2023): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2073-2929-2023-03-50-63.

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The development of integration within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union actualizes the issue of regulation of pension relations. The adoption of the Agreement on Pension Provision laid the foundations for international cooperation in the field of pension provision. However, significant institutional differences in national pension systems may hinder the effective implementation of oldage pension provision.Aim. To investigate the possibilities and difficulties of international cooperation in the pension sphere in the context of national differences in old-age pension provision in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union.Tasks. To consider the national pension systems in terms of old-age pensions in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union and conduct their comparative analysis; to show the features of international regulation of old-age pensions in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union.Methods. In this work, the method of statistical data analysis was used to identify the features of the national old–age pension provision, comparative analysis — when comparing national pension systems in terms of old-age pensions, as well as the method of expert assessments when identifying difficulties of international cooperation in the pension sector.Results. Institutional features of old-age pension systems in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union have been found. The grounds for international regulation of old-age pensions are revealed. Difficulties in the formation of pension rights of citizens of the Union countries have been found.Conclusions. The countries of the Eurasian Union faced similar economic and demographic challenges. Pension reforms have resulted in the design of pension systems with national institutional differences, which can become causes of social injustice and pension inequality.
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BÖRSCH-SUPAN, AXEL, ANETTE REIL-HELD i DANIEL SCHUNK. "Saving incentives, old-age provision and displacement effects: evidence from the recent German pension reform". Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 7, nr 3 (9.05.2008): 295–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747208003636.

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AbstractIn response to population aging, pay-as-you-go pensions are being reduced in almost all developed countries. In many countries, governments aim to fill the resulting gap with subsidized private pensions. This paper exploits the recent German pension reform to shed new light on the uptake of voluntary, but heavily subsidized private pension schemes. Specifically, we investigate how the uptake of the recently introduced ‘Riester pensions’ depends on state-provided saving incentives, and how well the targeting at families and low-income households works in practice.We show that, after a slow start, private pension plans took off very quickly. While saving incentives were effective in reaching parents, they were less successful in attracting low-income earners, although Riester pensions exhibit a more equal pattern by income than occupational pensions and unsubsidized private pension plans.We also provide circumstantial evidence on displacement effects between saving for old-age provision and other purposes. Households who plan to purchase housing are less likely to have a Riester pension. The same holds for households who attach high importance to a bequest motive. Occupational pensions and other forms of private pensions, however, act as complements rather than as substitutes.
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Medaiskis, Teodoras, i Šarūnas Eirošius. "A Comparison of Lithuanian and Swedish Old Age Pension Systems". Ekonomika 98, nr 1 (17.04.2019): 38–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2019.1.3.

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[full article and abstract in English] The aim of this study is to compare Lithuanian and Swedish pension systems from the point of view of their design and performance in order to elaborate reasonable recommendations to Lithuanian pension policy based on the best Swedish experience. Swedish income, premium and guaranteed old-age pensions system are compared with the analogous Lithuanian system of the “first,” “second” pillars and the “social” pensions. The main features of the systems are discussed, and the performance of the systems, mainly from the point of view of adequacy, is compared. The differences in system design and performance are identified, and the possible reasons of these differences are examined. Special attention is paid to differences in financing and the approach to the definition of benefits. The Lithuanian pension points approach is compared to the Swedish Notional Defined Contribution (NDC) approach. Each system is analyzed, and the relevance of transforming the Lithuanian first pillar pensions into a NDC system is examined.
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Walker, Robert, i Meg Huby. "Escaping Financial Dependency in Old Age". Ageing and Society 9, nr 1 (marzec 1989): 17–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x00013349.

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ABSTRACTOne of the principal motives behind pension reform in Britain in the post-war era has been to reduce dependence on means-tested assistance. Alternating attempts have been made to attain this objective through State and occupational collectivism but with only partial success. The present Government has shifted the emphasis away from collective provision towards individual saving promoted in the form of portable pensions. However, recent research has underlined the importance of structural determinants of dependency on means-tested assistance in retirement and of other factors over which individuals have little if any control. In the light of these findings questions are raised about the potential effectiveness of portable and occupational pensions as mechanisms for reducing future dependency on means-tested supplementation.
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Guerrero Padrón, Thais. "Social protection of the self-employed in old age in the EU". Stanovnistvo 61, nr 2 (15.12.2023): 11–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.59954/stnv.524.

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In most European Union (EU) Member States, self-employed individuals receive, on average, lower retirement pensions than employees. Furthermore, the number of self-employed pensioners is lower, and there is a significant proportion of self-employed workers in the EU who are not entitled to a retirement pension. The situation is even more delicate for the new self-employed, as their mode of labour market participation, career trajectory, and the income level they reach can potentially compromise their future pension prospects. This paper analyses the position of self-employed workers within national social security systems, with a particular focus on their methods of contribution and the consequential impact on their ability to access adequate retirement pensions as a form of replacement income, thus avoiding the risk of poverty and ensuring a decent standard of living in old age. In this area, the Member States and the EU interact within the framework of their respective competences, with the manifest aim of improving the social protection of self-employed workers in their senior years.
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Gorlin, Y. M., i V. Y. Lyashok. "Drivers of pension growth in the long term". Voprosy Ekonomiki, nr 12 (2.12.2022): 98–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2022-12-98-117.

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One of the main challenges for the Russian insurance pension system in the long term is to sustain an acceptable ratio of pensions to wages and to prevent the growth of the share of pensioners with unacceptably low pensions. The key challenges and factors affecting the level of pensions have been identified. A set of potential measures for a more acceptable dynamics of pensions, their risks and limitations have been revealed. Forecast calculations for the period up to 2050 on the model of the Russian insurance pension system developed by the authors made it possible to estimate the impact of relevant factors and measures on key pension indicators. It is shown that the implementation of these measures can ensure in 2030—2050: the coefficient of the relative level of pensions (to average wage) of about 40%; the theoretical replacement rate (at 35 years of service and the average wage in Russia) of about 50%; the ratio of the average pension payment to non-working recipients of the old-age insurance pension to the subsistence minimum for pensioners — about 250% in 2030—2035 and 380% by 2050; reducing the share of those whose pension payment is less than the minimum subsistence level, almost by half relative to the inertial scenario — to 6—8%.
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Silva, Rodrigo Souza, i Luís Eduardo Afonso. "The expected impact of the 2019 Brazilian pension reform on survivors’ pensions". International Social Security Review 76, nr 3 (lipiec 2023): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/issr.12334.

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AbstractThis study analyses the expected changes in survivors’ pensions resulting from the permanent rules of the 2019 pension reform in Brazil. Actuarial annuities are used for representative worker profiles. The dispersion in the replacement rate values decreases, except for the highest income level. The rates needed to finance survivors’ pensions decrease relatively more than do the rates for old‐age pensions. The internal rates of return significantly decrease. There is a heterogeneous change in the distributive aspects of the pension system. The reform shall affect the adequacy and intragenerational equity of old‐age and survivors’ pensions.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Old age pensions"

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Vidler, Sacha. "Pension reform: an analysis of the economic foundations of private pensions". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/577.

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The dissertation investigates support by economists for the global policy shift away from unfunded public pension schemes towards funded private pension schemes. Influential economists and institutions, including the World Bank, present a suite of economic arguments that suggest that this shift will have positive effects on national economies, particularly in the context of aging. The arguments may be categorised according to their relation to the operation of three sets of institutions: capital markets, labour markets and political systems. In capital markets, the transition is purported to increase private and national saving, increase the quantity and quality of investment, and provide more efficient private administration. In labour markets, it is claimed that the shift will reduce labour market distortions associated with public pensions, which inhibit competitiveness, produce unemployment and encourage early retirement. According to the World Bank, public pensions systems cause these distortions without achieving their stated objective of reducing inequality. In the political sphere, the shift is purported to insulate the pension system from political pressures, which otherwise inevitably lead to crisis. The thesis provides evidence which refutes these claims. The best research, including studies by orthodox economists, indicate that the shift does not increase savings or investment, or improve the quality of financial investment. The main effect of tax concessions associated with private pension systems is to divert to private pension funds savings that would occur in any case via other mechanisms. The tax concessions are also regressive, even in systems with compulsory elements. Private administration of pensions, particularly in a plural consumer market setting, is highly inefficient, with customers at a disadvantage in dealing with providers due to the complexity and opacity of products and pricing. A negative relationship is found between public pension spending and levels of elderly poverty, suggesting that reducing public pension spending increases levels of elderly inequality. Public pensions are found not to explain differences in economic growth between regions. Elements of system design which distort labour markets, such as by encouraging early retirement, can easily be adjusted. However, such elements are explicit government policy in several countries. A review of public and private pensions finds that examples of public system crisis are associated with instances of economic and political collapse, rather than system design. Private funded systems are found to be more vulnerable, not less, to the same external influences. Relatively generous universal public pension systems are found to be financially sustainable despite demographic change, assuming modest levels of economic growth.
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Vidler, Sacha. "Pension reform an analysis of the economic foundations of private pensions /". University of Sydney. Political Economy, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/577.

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The dissertation investigates support by economists for the global policy shift away from unfunded public pension schemes towards funded private pension schemes. Influential economists and institutions, including the World Bank, present a suite of economic arguments that suggest that this shift will have positive effects on national economies, particularly in the context of aging. The arguments may be categorised according to their relation to the operation of three sets of institutions: capital markets, labour markets and political systems. In capital markets, the transition is purported to increase private and national saving, increase the quantity and quality of investment, and provide more efficient private administration. In labour markets, it is claimed that the shift will reduce labour market distortions associated with public pensions, which inhibit competitiveness, produce unemployment and encourage early retirement. According to the World Bank, public pensions systems cause these distortions without achieving their stated objective of reducing inequality. In the political sphere, the shift is purported to insulate the pension system from political pressures, which otherwise inevitably lead to crisis. The thesis provides evidence which refutes these claims. The best research, including studies by orthodox economists, indicate that the shift does not increase savings or investment, or improve the quality of financial investment. The main effect of tax concessions associated with private pension systems is to divert to private pension funds savings that would occur in any case via other mechanisms. The tax concessions are also regressive, even in systems with compulsory elements. Private administration of pensions, particularly in a plural consumer market setting, is highly inefficient, with customers at a disadvantage in dealing with providers due to the complexity and opacity of products and pricing. A negative relationship is found between public pension spending and levels of elderly poverty, suggesting that reducing public pension spending increases levels of elderly inequality. Public pensions are found not to explain differences in economic growth between regions. Elements of system design which distort labour markets, such as by encouraging early retirement, can easily be adjusted. However, such elements are explicit government policy in several countries. A review of public and private pensions finds that examples of public system crisis are associated with instances of economic and political collapse, rather than system design. Private funded systems are found to be more vulnerable, not less, to the same external influences. Relatively generous universal public pension systems are found to be financially sustainable despite demographic change, assuming modest levels of economic growth.
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Stevens, Jonathan. "The deserving poor : aspects of the old age pension movement in South Australia and the Commonwealth /". Title page, contents and preface only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09ars8443.pdf.

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Sejanamane, Nkhahle Daniel. "Challenges in distribution of old age pensions in Lesotho". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20477.

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The research set out to explore the nature of challenges in distribution of old age pensions in Lesotho. Poor institutional capacity failed the implementing agency, the Department of Pensions; to set up competent administrative structures to run run the pensions effectively and efficiently. A number of challenges have been identified, some of which were: inadequate supervision of the paying officers, fraud by workers and community agents, missing funds, insufficient resources, inadequate administrative capacity, overworked employees, faulty targeting, soft and discriminatory approach to non-compliance with rules and multiple use of identity documents by recipients. On the other hand, a number of opportunities have been identified to counteract the challenges. The main recommendation of the study was the engagement of mobile phone-based money transfer facilities to transfer the old age pensions from the government to the recipients. The Department of Pensions should make use of baseline database like information from civil registration agency like the Ministry of Home Affairs to confirm the validity of the pension recipients. Other recommendations included moving the division of old age pensions from the Pensions Department to the Ministry of Social Development which is the controlling body for other forms of social grants in Lesotho. The Ministry of Social Development is regarded as well equipped with qualified staff and facilities to deal with vulnerable people like the elderly.
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Lau, Cheung-yun Lily. "Mandatory provident fund as a replacement for civil service pension in Hong Kong". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2218871X.

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Cardoso, Pedro Daniel Martins Lucas. "The future of old-age pensions its explosion and implosion /". [Amsterdam : Amsterdam : Thela Thesis] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2004. http://dare.uva.nl/document/76523.

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Bartkus, Algirdas. "The analysis of financial sustainability of old-age pensions and sickness benefits". Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090312_091029-84342.

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Purpose of this study is to identify and to evaluate the main trends in the development of old-age pensions and sickness benefits schemes (by designing social insurance system models) and to determine the possible ways how to increase the efficiency in consumption smoothing policy and how to increase the financial sustainability of the old-age and sickness insurance schemes. This study searches for answers to the questions: how to maintain the consumption opportunities of beneficiaries, how to maintain a balance between the contributions paid and benefits received (the balance between the price paid and goods received), how to reduce the risk of budget deficit explosion and how to maintain the consumption opportunities of beneficiaries and insured. Consumption smoothing analysis focuses on the identity between the contributions paid and benefits received, on the analysis of replacement rates, on the analysis of pensioners to insured ratio (and on the possibilities of interpretation the analysis provide). The study determined the cycles of Lithuanian social insurance system development, examined and evaluated three different pensions' indexation policies, examined and evaluated the utility and performance of second pillar pension funds and carried out the study of possibilities of raising the efficiency in Lithuanian sickness benefits scheme. This study helps to deeper the understanding of how population aging affects the economy and provides the materials for future... [to full text]
Disertacijos tikslas – sudarant socialinio draudimo sistemos modelius, nustatyti ir išanalizuoti svarbiausias senatvės pensijų ir laikinojo nedarbingumo išmokų raidos tendencijas, atsižvelgiant į jas, pagrįsti efektyvumo ir tvarumo didinimo galimybes senatvės ir laikinojo nedarbingumo socialinio draudimo išmokų programose (srityse). Disertacijoje ieškoma atsakymų į klausimus: kaip palaikyti išmokų gavėjų vartojimo galimybes, kaip išlaikyti pusiausvyrą tarp sumokėtų įmokų ir gautų išmokų (pusiausvyra tarp sumokėtos kainos ir gautos prekių apimties), kaip sumažinti socialinio draudimo biudžeto deficito atsiradimo riziką ir palaikyti dirbančių asmenų ir išmokų gavėjų vartojimo galimybes. Vartojimo galimybių palaikymo efektyvumo įvertinimas apima tapatumo tarp sumokėtų įmokų ir gautų išmokų analizę, pakeitimo normos analizę, išmokų gavėjų ir dirbančių asmenų santykio analizę, šių rodiklių ir sąryšių interpretacijos atskleidžiamas galimybes. Disertacijoje nustatyti Lietuvos socialinio draudimo sistemos raidos ciklai, išnagrinėti ir įvertinti trys išmokų indeksavimo variantai, įvertintos antros pakopos kaupiamųjų pensijų fondų sistemos galimybės ir veiklos rezultatai, atliktas laikinojo nedarbingumo išmokų sistemos efektyvumo didinimo tyrimas. Šis darbas padeda geriau suprasti visuomenės senėjimo padarinius ir numatyti priemones būsimų procesų reguliavimui.
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Gash, Alexander, i n/a. "Anticipatory Budgeting: A Long-Term Analysis of Old Age Pensions in Australia, Canada and Sweden". Griffith University. Griffith Business School, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20061109.103403.

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The impact of population ageing on the social budgets of the future is a phenomenon confronting many of the world's wealthiest and most advanced nations. The impending retirement of the 'baby boomers' has raised concerns about the inadequacy of budgetary frameworks (both conceptual and real) to fulfil the financial commitments of demographically sensitive programs, namely old age pensions. Pension schemes represent, by far, the largest social welfare commitment of first world nations. Old age pensions are also demographically sensitive. Furthermore, pension systems play a crucial role in alleviating poverty, in recognising the previous contribution of an individual and in maintaining of the social and economic wellbeing of democratic polities. The financial stability of pension schemes and the ability of governments to meet future commitments will become significant issues of public policy as the pressures from population ageing intensify. Yet, committing resources, or budgeting, for longer-term pressures is an inherently problematic exercise both from an intellectual and a practical perspective. For long-term resourcing to be successful it requires perfect foresight and a level of political commitment that typically eludes most politicians and governments. Longer or medium-term budgetary pressures are often ignored or avoided until they impact on the immediate chances of either fiscal or electoral success. As such, societies face the prospect of looming financial burdens, but only have a box of short-term tools at their disposal and a limited body of scholarship to guide them through this ticking political 'time bomb'. This research tackles a significant omission in the existing literature on budgeting, public policy and social welfare, by proposing a conceptual framework for the anticipation, conceptualisation and analysis of future budget pressures. In doing so, it brings together analytical frameworks of government budgeting and social policy from a number of disciplinary areas and weaves them into a conceptual framework that allows for diagnostic and prescriptive analysis of budgetary pressures within a particular policy/spending area. The framework is also compatible with existing budgetary frameworks and decision-making processes. Through the analysis of the old age pension systems in Australia, Canada and Sweden this thesis makes an important contribution to the understanding of how demographic transition will impact on the future stability of pension schemes. The thesis contends that ageing populations will place significant pressure on each pillar of the pension system to meet its future financial commitments. This pressure will, in turn, have important implications for national budgetary processes and old age pension policy over the coming decades. In particular, governments will be required to implement a range of techniques that sit both within and beyond the traditional bounds of most budget processes. It will be imperative for researchers to explore the complexities and political possibilities of budget reform and to search for ways in which the longer-term needs of society can be adequately satisfied through the budget process.
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Gash, Alexander. "Anticipatory Budgeting: A Long-Term Analysis of Old Age Pensions in Australia, Canada and Sweden". Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365858.

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The impact of population ageing on the social budgets of the future is a phenomenon confronting many of the world's wealthiest and most advanced nations. The impending retirement of the 'baby boomers' has raised concerns about the inadequacy of budgetary frameworks (both conceptual and real) to fulfil the financial commitments of demographically sensitive programs, namely old age pensions. Pension schemes represent, by far, the largest social welfare commitment of first world nations. Old age pensions are also demographically sensitive. Furthermore, pension systems play a crucial role in alleviating poverty, in recognising the previous contribution of an individual and in maintaining of the social and economic wellbeing of democratic polities. The financial stability of pension schemes and the ability of governments to meet future commitments will become significant issues of public policy as the pressures from population ageing intensify. Yet, committing resources, or budgeting, for longer-term pressures is an inherently problematic exercise both from an intellectual and a practical perspective. For long-term resourcing to be successful it requires perfect foresight and a level of political commitment that typically eludes most politicians and governments. Longer or medium-term budgetary pressures are often ignored or avoided until they impact on the immediate chances of either fiscal or electoral success. As such, societies face the prospect of looming financial burdens, but only have a box of short-term tools at their disposal and a limited body of scholarship to guide them through this ticking political 'time bomb'. This research tackles a significant omission in the existing literature on budgeting, public policy and social welfare, by proposing a conceptual framework for the anticipation, conceptualisation and analysis of future budget pressures. In doing so, it brings together analytical frameworks of government budgeting and social policy from a number of disciplinary areas and weaves them into a conceptual framework that allows for diagnostic and prescriptive analysis of budgetary pressures within a particular policy/spending area. The framework is also compatible with existing budgetary frameworks and decision-making processes. Through the analysis of the old age pension systems in Australia, Canada and Sweden this thesis makes an important contribution to the understanding of how demographic transition will impact on the future stability of pension schemes. The thesis contends that ageing populations will place significant pressure on each pillar of the pension system to meet its future financial commitments. This pressure will, in turn, have important implications for national budgetary processes and old age pension policy over the coming decades. In particular, governments will be required to implement a range of techniques that sit both within and beyond the traditional bounds of most budget processes. It will be imperative for researchers to explore the complexities and political possibilities of budget reform and to search for ways in which the longer-term needs of society can be adequately satisfied through the budget process.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
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Cozort, Larry A. "The effect of accrued pension benefit preservation on worker mobility in muliemployer plans". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54746.

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The relationship between mobility of vested plan participants and the use of reciprocity agreements in multiemployer plans was investigated. The assumption that pension benefit forfeiture retards worker mobility was considered. The assumption that worker mobility is enhanced by benefit preservation is one of the justifications for tax incentives provided retirement plans. Several variables were considered in addition to the use or nonuse of reciprocity agreements; however, none of the variables were found to be significantly related to the turnover rate for vested plan participants in multiemployer plans. The primary conclusion of the research was that the hypothesis that benefit preservation through the use of reciprocity agreements in multiemployer plans is ineffective in increasing turnover for vested plan participants could not be rejected.
Ph. D.
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Książki na temat "Old age pensions"

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Davis, E. Philip. Public pensions, pension reform and fiscal policy. Frankfurt: European Monetary Institute, 1997.

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Pierlot, James. A pension in every pot: Better pensions for more Canadians. Toronto, ON: C.D. Howe Institute, 2008.

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Johnson, Paul. The pensions dilemma. London: Institute for Public Policy Research, 1994.

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Labour Research Department., red. Pensions: The LRD guide. London: LRD, 1987.

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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development., red. Private pensions in OECD countries. Paris: OECD, 1993.

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Board, Occupational Pensions. Protecting pensions, safeguarding benefits in a changing environment: A report by the Occupational Pensions Board in accordance with section 66 of the Social Security Act 1973. London: H.M.S.O., 1989.

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Ward, Graham. Pensions: Your way through the maze. London: Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, 1988.

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Ward, Graham. Pensions: Your way through the maze. Wyd. 3. Milton Keynes: Institute of Chartered Accountants in Engalnd and Wales, 1994.

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Angelika, Oelschläger, red. Abgabenfreie Entgeltumwandlung aus sozial- und verteilungspolitischer Perspektive. Berlin: Lit, 2007.

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McGill, Dan Mays. Fundamentals of private pensions. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.

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Części książek na temat "Old age pensions"

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Anderson, Karen M. "Old-Age Pensions". W Handbuch Sozialpolitik, 585–603. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-22803-3_29.

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Hinrichs, Karl. "Old age and pensions". W Routledge Handbook of the Welfare State, 418–31. Second edition. | Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315207049-37.

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Ogg, Jim. "The Role of Pension Policies in Preventing Old-Age Exclusion". W International Perspectives on Aging, 373–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51406-8_29.

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AbstractAccess to an adequate pension is fundamental to preventing exclusion. As populations age, modern economies have put into place pension reforms to safeguard financial stability. In Europe, raising the age of eligibility for pensions and increasing the length of time necessary in a working career to access a pension are among the main policy measures that are being adopted. In addition, pensions and life expectancy are increasingly linked mainly in the form of the replacement of defined benefit pensions, where financial risks were shared collectively and produced stable pension benefits, by defined contribution pensions which depend on the capacity of individuals to save and individualise the risk of investments in diverse pension schemes. This chapter presents the main mechanisms of reforms to pension systems and addresses the opportunities and constraints for reducing exclusion in later life. It focuses on policies that aim to safeguard adequate levels of pension income for individuals who are unable to extend their working life; policies that aim to reduce gender pay gaps and, in turn, gender pension gaps; reforms to survivor pensions; and the provision of pension safety nets for individuals who have not built up enough contributions to ensure an adequate income. These policies are examined in the context of new social risks which result from shifting political systems, rapid technological change, and economic uncertainties.
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Greve, Bent. "Pensions – important in old age". W Welfare and the Welfare State, 212–22. Second edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429341199-13.

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Clarke, Joan Simeon. "Widows', Orphans' and Old Age Pensions". W Social Security, 166–81. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003263982-8.

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Tullock, Gordon. "The Welfare State and Old-Age Pensions". W Economics of Income Redistribution, 115–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5378-2_7.

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Holly, Alberto. "Old Age, Health and Long-term Care". W Ageing, Health and Pensions in Europe, 213–43. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230307346_8.

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Wigger, Berthold U. "The Family as an Old-age Security Device". W Public Pensions and Economic Growth, 111–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24801-9_5.

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Fornero, Elsa, Annamaria Lusardi i Chiara Monticone. "Adequacy of Savings for Old Age in Europe". W Ageing, Health and Pensions in Europe, 13–41. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230307346_2.

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Culotta, Fabrizio. "A Prospective Sustainability Indicator for Pension Systems". W Proceedings e report, 209–14. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-461-8.39.

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This work proposes an informative system to monitor pension systems by integrating pension and labor market statistics. This more comprehensive system is used to build an indicator to measure prospectively the sustainability of pension systems. The set of indicators is divided into two groups, each tracking pension contributions and payments flows. Each flow is composed by the product of three statistics: a statistics for the extensive margin, i.e. how many contributors and retirees, one for the intensive margin, i.e. how much workers contribute and pensioners receive pensions, and one for the durational margin, i.e. for how long workers contribute and retirees receive pensions. As such, the statistical content is coherent with the set of pension indicators considered by Eurostat and OECD. Statistics are extracted from Eurostat database and ensure cross-country comparability. The advantage of this approach is twofold. Firstly, it allows reflecting specificities of each pension regimes, characterized by own specific contribution rules and pension formulas, without explicitly account for them. Secondly, it allows to relate the assessment of sustainability of pension systems to the dynamics of labor markets since it explicitly takes into account the distribution of wages, the duration of working life, the distribution of old-age pensions and the life expectancy at retirement. An application on a pool of seven European countries (Austria, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands) is provided for the period 2015 - 2019. The indicator for the prospective sustainability of pension systems is compared across two other alternatives to stress the contribution of each margin. These alternatives are then compared with a benchmark indicator and their correlations are measured.
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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Old age pensions"

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Rajevska, Olga. "ADEQUACY OF DISABILITY PENSION SYSTEM IN LATVIA". W NORDSCI International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2020/b2/v3/11.

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The author analyzes the performance of the disability pension system in Latvia in order to assess the ability of the system to perform its main function: to prevent poverty among people with disabilities. It has been found that the system does not meet the criteria of adequacy and the causes of problem have been addressed. In the analysis, the author uses statistical data from Eurostat and the Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia, Mutual Information System on Social Protection (MISSOC) database, as well as considers statutory regulations. Particular attention is paid to such an element of the pension system as statutory minimum pension amount as a key tool aimed at ensuring the adequacy of the social protection of people with disabilities. Additionally, the author provides a comparative analysis of minimum disability pension provisions in the EU member states. Since the systems of old-age pensions and disability pensions in Latvia are closely connected, the author emphases the importance of the improvement of the adequacy of disability pensions in achieving more adequate old-age pensions.
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Varga, Zoltán. "Financial Aspects of the Old-Age Pensions' Coordination". W MultiScience - XXIX. microCAD International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference. University of Miskolc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.26649/musci.2015.085.

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Kraft, Jiří. "Důchodový systém ČR: Navozování sociálního smíru nebo konfliktu?" W XXVI. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0311-2023-5.

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The pension system is a very important social policy instrument of the state. An incorrectly set pension system, or one that does not respond sufficiently to the often contradictory developmental changes in its individual parameters, can cause social disharmony, not only between or within generations. The aim of this paper is to assess the regional aspect of the consequences of the current Czech pension system based on the principles of solidarity and equivalence. It seeks an answer to the question whether, from a regional perspective, the pension system is more likely to induce social harmony or to provoke conflict among regions. The starting point is an analysis of selected parameters of the pension system of the Czech Republic in the period 2010-2021, the results of which are followed by a regional analysis of average gross wages and average old-age pensions, including an assessment of the relationship between them, using normalized data for both indicators. Five types of positions of the Czech regions are identified in determining solidarity donors and solidarity recipients. At the same time, some points are pointed out that should not be overlooked in the context of pension reform, as they could be a source of social conflicts in the future.
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Kudins, Janis. "Involvement of older people in employment in Latvia". W 21st International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2020". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2020.53.023.

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Demographic transformation and increase of older people in Europe have encouraged discussions regarding how economics could help older people to grow old in a dignified way and be active in labour market. In Latvia the term older people is usually applied to pensioners. In this research the author analysed the number of pensioners in Latvia from 2012 till 2018, as well as change of pensioners’ employment level in population aged 45 and over. This research showed that 63.1 % of pensioners (45 years old and over) in Latvia were employed in 2018. Compared to 2012 the amount of employed pensioners in 2018 has increased by 10.2 %. Regression analysis between employed pensioners and average pension in Latvia from 2004 till 2018 shows a statistically significant linear interrelationship (R2 = 0,723) but the data correlation analysis shows a strong positive correlation (r = 0,850).
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Plecheva, M. "Old-age pension: some actual problems". W ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ. НИЦ «Л-Журнал», 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/lj-03-2019-83.

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Yaremchuk, Serhii. "Capitalization of the pension system as the main direction of pension reform in Ukraine". W Sociology – Social Work and Social Welfare: Regulation of Social Problems. Видавець ФОП Марченко Т.В., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/sosrsw2023.212.

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Background: The economic and demographic crises burdened by the war create a significant social problem that concerns the pension provision of Ukrainian citizens. In addition, it should be taken into account that 40% of the Pension Fund's expenses are covered by transfers from the state budget. The current pension system is not able to provide pensioners with a decent life and therefore needs to be revised and reformed. Purpose: Study of issues related to the current state, problems and prospects of the development of the pension system in Ukraine. Methods: The method of analysis, the method of comparing opinions, the method of theoretical and empirical research of statistical data was used. Results: The pension system in Ukraine consists of three levels, the first and main of which is the joint pension system. Although it does not provide an adequate level of provision for pensioners and generally has problematic prospects. At the same time, the second and third levels - mandatory and voluntary savings systems - can increase pension savings. And this is the path of reforming the pension system followed by most countries of the world. However, there is currently no second level of pension provision in Ukraine. Therefore, the deputies introduced the draft law "On accumulative pension provision", the purpose of which is to transform the pension system of Ukrainian citizens by creating an additional support - a mandatory accumulative system, which will allow citizens to make additional individual pension savings for old age. Conclusion: Currently in Ukraine, the implementation of the so-called second level of the mandatory accumulated pension system as an additional element of the pension system, with the aim of forming pension savings and increasing the overall replacement ratio of the main indicator of the adequacy of pension payments, is relevant for the restoration of the proper level of pension provision. Keywords: pension, solidarity pension system, accumulative pension system, reform.
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Dezse, Tivadar. "Rules of Calculating Old Age Pension on the Hungarian Pension System". W MultiScience - XXXIII. microCAD International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference. University of Miskolc, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26649/musci.2019.059.

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Vaskovi, Agnes. "Old Age Poverty And Financial Awareness In Europe". W 37th ECMS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2023-0107.

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"End poverty in all its forms everywhere". The United Nations has identified the eradication of poverty worldwide as the first priority of its Sustainable Development Goals. However, poverty in old age is not given a specific place in this effort, despite the fact that developed societies are all ageing, with an increasing proportion of the population over 65 years. Financial insecurity in old age can lead to poverty and social exclusion, which is largely a matter for the pension system to prevent and tackle, and to a lesser extent for financial readiness and conscious preparation. In our study, we address the relationship between old age poverty and financial awareness, using data from 25 European countries to identify groups that can be considered similar from aspects of poverty, pension systems, macroeconomic factors, and some aspects of financial awareness. Using clustering, we found that the countries studied can be divided into four distinct clusters, with all combinations of financial readiness and old age poverty. The results could help decision makers identify intervention points to reduce poverty in old age.
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Sokolov, Evgeniy, i Evgeniy Kostyrin. "Breakthrough Technologies for Financing the Old-Age Labor Pension". W 2022 15th International Conference Management of large-scale system development (MLSD). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mlsd55143.2022.9934357.

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Fiala, Tomáš, i Jitka Langhamrová. "Pension Age Which Would Guarantee Stabilization of the Old Age Dependency Ratio". W Applications of Mathematics and Statistics in Economics. International Scientific Conference: Szklarska Poręba, 30 August- 3 September 2017. Publishing House of Wroclaw University of Economics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15611/amse.2017.20.09.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Old age pensions"

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Shan, Xiaoyue, i Albert Park. Access to Pensions, Old-Age Support, and Child Investment in the People’s Republic of China. Asian Development Bank, maj 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps230161-2.

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This study shows that the new pension program in the People’s Republic of China can fundamentally alter the traditional support system between generations. While it lessens the role of working-age adults to provide support to their old-age parents, it may also have an impact on the educational investment of parents in their children depending on their gender. Along with the new pension program, policies to reduce school dropout and to support children who receive less parental investment may mitigate the unintended adverse impact.
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Mena, Gary, i Werner L. Hernani-Limarino. Intended and Unintended Effects of Unconditional Cash Transfers: The Case of Bolivia's Renta Dignidad. Inter-American Development Bank, grudzień 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011709.

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This document presents a quasi-experimental impact evaluation of Bolivia's Renta Dignidad, a universal and non-contributory old age pension. Causal effects on direct, future, and indirect beneficiaries are identified, taking advantage of a reduction in age of eligibility from 65 to 60 years in December 2007. Differencein- difference and changes-in-changes approaches are used to calculate average and quantile treatment effects. For women, non-contributory pensions have, on average, increased their households' non-labor income. This has decreased their labor supply and labor earnings, in turn decreasing households' labor income and thus reducing, ceteris paribus, the program's effect on total per capita household income. Unexpectedly, the program did not have significant effects on men's welfare, investments and labor market outcomes. The results also suggest that additional resources were neither consumed nor invested in health, education, or the purchase of durables. Households most likely held the additional resources and invested in dwelling improvements.
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Burtless, Gary. Perspectives on Social Protection in the Industrialized Countries. Inter-American Development Bank, październik 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006664.

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Protection for all citizens or residents (universal protection) Protection for people with low incomes (means-tested assistance) Protection for workers who have contributed to insurance fund (social insurance) Health insurance might be universalistic (as in Canada and the U.K.) Basic income protection or food security might be provided using a means test (as in U.S.A.) Old-age and disability pensions and unemployment benefits might be offered under a social insurance system (as in Germany, France, and U.S.A.)
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Hamoudi, Amar, i Duncan Thomas. Endogenous Co-residence and Program Incidence: South Africa's Old Age Pension. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, luty 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19929.

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Duflo, Esther. Grandmothers and Granddaughters: Old Age Pension and Intra-household Allocation in South Africa. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, grudzień 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8061.

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Genoni, María Eugenia, Carmen Pagés i Paula Auerbach. Social Security Coverage and the Labor Market in Developing Countries. Inter-American Development Bank, wrzesień 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010733.

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This paper analyzes the reasons behind the low rates of contribution to social security programs in developing countries. Using a large set of harmonized household surveys from Latin America we compare contribution patterns among wage employees, for whom participation is compulsory, with contribution patterns among self-employed workers, for whom participation is often voluntary. In all countries, contribution rates among salaried workers are similarly correlated with education, earnings, size of the employer, household characteristics and age. In addition, contribution patterns among salaried workers are highly correlated with contribution patterns among the self-employed. Our results indicate that on average more than 30 percent of the explained within-country variance in contributions patterns may be accounted for by individuals low willingness to participate in old-age pension programs. Nonetheless, we also find evidence suggesting that some workers are rationed out of social security against their will.
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The Challenges of Population Aging in the People's Republic of China. Asian Development Bank, lipiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/brf210280-2.

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The population in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) is aging rapidly, as the proportion of people aged 60 and above is expected to increase to 35% by 2050. While aging poses economic challenges, if managed well, it can generate new employment opportunities with the emergence of new professions related to elderly care. However, capturing these benefits require labor market reforms, higher public spending to finance long-term care and pensions, and policy support. This note presents policy recommendations to address identified socioeconomic implications of rapid population aging in the PRC, focusing on labor market changes, effective long-term elderly care, and measures to address the increasing old-age dependency ratio.
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