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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Oil industries Soviet Union":
1
Brinegar, Sara. "The Oil Deal: Nariman Narimanov and the Sovietization of Azerbaijan". Slavic Review 76, nr 2 (2017): 372–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/slr.2017.83.
This essay, with a focus on Baku, Azerbaijan, demonstrates that the need to secure and hold energy resources—and the infrastructures that support them—was critical to the formation of the Soviet Union. The Azerbaijani statesman Nariman Narimanov played a pivotal role in the establishment of Soviet power in Azerbaijan by attempting to use Baku's oil to secure prerogatives for the Azerbaijan SSR. In part, Narimanov gained his position by striking a deal with Vladimir Lenin in 1920, an arrangement that I am calling the oil deal. This deal lay the foundations of Soviet power in the south Caucasus. Lenin charged Narimanov with facilitating connections between the industrial stronghold of Baku and the rural countryside of Azerbaijan and Narimanov agreed to do what he could to help supply Soviet Russia with oil. Lenin put Narimanov in charge of the Soviet government of Azerbaijan, with the understanding that he would be granted significant leeway in cultural policies. Understanding the role of the south Caucasus in Soviet history, then, is also understanding how the extraction and use of oil and other natural resources were entangled with more familiar questions of nationalities policy and identity politics.
2
DİYARBAKIRLIOĞLU, Kaan. "The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia from the Historical Perspective". International Journal of Social, Political and Economic Research 7, nr 2 (3.07.2020): 415–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/ijospervol7iss2pp415-439.
The Nagorno-Karabakh problem had continued for years. The problem had grown thanks to the policies of Russia in the region. The Russians first had carried out expansionist policies. After the industrial revolution, oil in the Caucasus had gained importance in the region. Therefore, the Russian Armenians immigrated to these regions. Strategic plans have been developed to increase the Christian population in the region and to make the region a region without Turks. Armenia and Azerbaijan had gained independence after the Soviet Union collapsed after the Cold War. After the Soviet Union, Russia had given the region the right to self-determination, and the population in the Nagorno-Karabakh region began to be Armenian. Azerbaijani Turks were immigrated from this region. Negotiating groups have been included for the solution of the problem in this region and a ceasefire has been signed between the two countries. Violations had occurred over the years after the ceasefire signed between the two countries. Russia had not wanted the presence of international actors in this region. For this reason, Russia continues to be on the Armenian side. Today, Russia has a voice in the region with a balanced policy. Nagorno-Karabakh region is legally connected to Azerbaijan and has not been recognized as de-facto.
3
Kalenova, S. A. "On cooperation of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan within the EAEU in the field of energy and transport". Bulletin of "Turan" University, nr 1 (31.03.2021): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.46914/1562-2959-2021-1-1-64-67.
In the context of increasing competition between states, especially in the context of the ever-growing COVID–2019 pandemic, when there is a decline in energy prices, a decrease in the consumption of gas, oil and petroleum products, the correct approach to the use of energy resources of the states this union. especially important for the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union. Also the efficient organization of transport routes for the export of energy resources to foreign international markets is important. The article proposes a scheme of state regulation that can, in our opinion, solve the problems of implementing the strategic priorities of our states, in particular, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan (especially with regard to Kazakhstan's transit opportunities) in the field of energy and transport. The next important step is the further development of industrial and innovative technological development in the field of energy in our countries. The article also notes the problems in the weak integration of the scientific potential of the two countries. It should be emphasized that the collective use of the scientific potential of both states is not such a difficult problem, since in the Soviet period science developed only through joint efforts. Scientific institutes constantly shared their achievements. Joint conferences, symposia and other events were actively held, where it was possible not only to learn about the latest achievements, but also to agree on any joint projects, especially since there is no language barrier between the post-Soviet states.
4
Tretyakova, Albina. "The Soviet Oil and Natural Gas Industries (Problems of Reserve Estimation). By Alexei Mahmoudov. Foreword by Leslie Dienes. Monograph Series on the Soviet Union. Falls Church, Va.: Delphic Associates, 1986. vii, 95 pp. Figures. Maps. Tables. Paper." Slavic Review 47, nr 2 (1988): 342–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2498493.
Lustick, Ian S. "The Absence of Middle Eastern Great Powers: Political “Backwardness” in Historical Perspective". International Organization 51, nr 4 (1997): 653–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002081897550483.
Propelled by the oil boom of the mid-1970s the Middle East emerged as the world's fastest growing region. Hopes and expectations were high for Arab political consolidation, economic advancement, and cultural efflorescence. With falling oil prices and a devastating war between Iran and Iraq, these hopes had dimmed somewhat by the early 1980s. In 1985, however, the spectacular image of an Arab great power was still tantalizing. A Pan-Arab state, wrote two experts on the region, would include a total area of 13.7 million square kilometers,second only to the Soviet Union and considerably larger than Europe, Canada, China, or the United States. … By 2000 it would have more people than either of the two superpowers. This state would contain almost two-thirds of the world's proven oil reserves. It would also have enough capital to finance its own economic and social development. Conceivably, it could feed itself.… Access to a huge market could stimulate rapid industrial growth. Present regional inequalities could ultimately be lessened and the mismatch between labor-surplus and labor-short areas corrected. The aggregate military strength and political influence of this strategically located state would be formidable.… It is easy to comprehend why this dream has long intoxicated Arab nationalists.
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Zakirzyanov, M. Kh, L. K. Rizatdinov i I. R. Yagafarov. "Medical and sanitary unit of ISC «Tatneft» and the city of Almetyevsk developmental milestones". Kazan medical journal 96, nr 3 (15.06.2015): 278–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17750/kmj2015-278.
Since the beginning of oil industry rapid development in our region in 1952-1957, oil industry specialists from many republics of the Soviet Union arrived. So, a problem of providing the health care services for oil industry workers aroused. Ten prefabricated panel buildings for the district hospital were built in a short time. In 1955, the city had 60 doctors and 172 nurses, 400 beds were available in hospitals. In 2002, medical and diagnostic building was built and set to work, in 2005 office building was renovated, a new surgical building of 7 floors was built in 2007. Since 2008, the medical unit has the status of a regional medical diagnostic center for the residents of the south-east of the Republic of Tatarstan. The effectiveness of the Medical and sanitary unit of JSC «Tatneft» and the city of Almetyevsk is confirmed by the annual increase in the number of treated patients, a decrease in the incidence of temporary disability among industrial workers, increased number of diagnostic manipulations and surgeries. History of the medical unit is intimately linked with the activity of JSC «Tatneft». In a historically short period of 60 years a district hospital of 10 shanty houses has turned into a largest modern medical and diagnostic center in the southeast of the Republic of Tatarstan.
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Shurubovich, A. V. "The Union State and Actual Problems of Russian- Byelorussian Integration". Post-Soviet Issues 6, nr 3 (27.11.2019): 244–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24975/2313-8920-2019-6-3-244-258.
December 8, 2019 will be the 20-eth anniversary of signing of the Treaty of creation of the Union state by the presidents of Russia and Byelorussia. The phenomenon of the Union state (US) and the road passed by it are sufficiently contradictory. On the one hand, the US is undoubtedly the most advanced integration alignment on the post-Soviet area and a pattern for other associations. For the period of forming of the US considerable progress in all spheres of cooperation has been achieved. The mutual trade volume grew from $9,3 bln in 2000 to $35,6 bln in 2018. Investment cooperation and industrial cooperation are developing, joint programs are being realized. The documents aimed at securing of equal rights of the two countries’ citizens have been signed and are being realized; military and political as well as cooperation at the regional level is developing. On the other hand, many aims of the US have not been attained, its construction has actually been frozen. The integration process evidently slips, many conceptual issues of the union construction stay unsettled. Serious contradictions between the parties on a number of important economic and political issues remain; periodically serious conflicts (“oil”, “gas”, “milk” etc.) accompanied by “information wars” and questioning the prospects of the Russian-Byelorussian integration arise. Recently Russia raises a question of the necessity to accelerate integration in the framework of the US binding it with maintenance of preferences for Byelorussia in mutual economic relations. The action program of the two countries aimed at activization of integration cooperation in the US is being prepared. However, between the parties serious differences stipulated, first of all, by unwillingness of Byelorussia to waive its sovereignty still remain. Just in the near time it will be clear whether the parties will manage to overcome these differences and start a new stage in the development of integration.
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Alexey, Neroslov. "The Method of Cluster Drilling in the Western Ural as the Beginning of the Technical and Economic Revolution in the World Drilling". TECHNOLOGOS, nr 3 (2020): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/perm.kipf/2020.3.03.
In 1943, at the height of the Great Patriotic War, the new revolutionary drilling technique with high efficiency was used in Krasnokamsk oilfield of Molotov (Perm) Oblast for the first time in the world – the cluster turbodrilling method. The development of oil industry in Prikamye in the 1940s was associated with certain complications. The main deposits of the Krasnokasmk oilfield discovered before the war turned out to be located due to a number of reasons within the area of industrial and residential construction of the city of Krasnokamsk and under the Kama river and the Paltinskoye swamp close to the city. Conventional drilling methods could not be used for their development. The way out was to use the method of directional drilling that was little known at that moment. The development of the innovative technology in Krasnokamsk oilfield in 1942 was largely due to the involvement of the specialists of the Experimental Turbodrilling Bureau evacuated from Baku. Directional drilling which involved the deviation of the bottom hole (the ultimate lowest point of the well) from the wellhead (the initial uppermost location) by several hundred metres opened up broad opportunities for developing hard-to-recover oil deposits while significantly accelerating and ensuring cost savings of the drilling process. The directional drilling served as the basis for the development in Prikamye of an advanced technology of cluster drilling when several directional wells with different azimuths were drilled from a small well pad. In 1943–1944, cluster drilling was tested and successfully used in Krasnokamsk oilfield. The cluster drilling comprised an entire range of innovative solutions including the movement of assembled drilling rigs without dismantling power equipment. Also, it resulted in the reduction of total labour costs, scope of construction and assembly works, costs of building oilfield roads, power lines and pipelines, and transportation costs. People’s Commissariat of Oil Industry of the USSR initiated a large-scale rollout of the advanced method of cluster drilling in the largest oil-producing regions of the Soviet Union – Azerbaijan and the North Caucasus, and the area of the “second Baku” – Bashkiria, Tatary, and Kuybyshev oblast. The transition to the advanced and cost-saving technology of cluster drilling laid the foundation for the technical and economic revolution of the world drilling practices.
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Brovina, Alexandra, Larisa Pavlovna Roshchevskaya i Mikhail Pavlovich Roshchevskii. "Research of oil shale in the Komi ASSR during the Great Patriotic War: experience of the Professor D. N. Kursanov". Genesis: исторические исследования, nr 6 (czerwiec 2020): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2020.6.33117.
The subject of this research is the historical role of Russian scientific community in studying the Arctic and Subarctic territories during the years of Great Patriotic War. The key goal consists in demonstrating the contribution of scholars to accumulation of scientific knowledge on the northern region in the context of solution of the priority government objective and establishment of scientific organizations on the European North of Russia in first half of the XX century. The main tasks of this research lie in reconstruction of the process of creation and activity of oil shale laboratory of the Base of Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union on studying the North under the authority of Professor D. N. Kursanov, who dealt with the questions of utilization of solid fossil fuels of the Komi ASSR. This topic did not receive due coverage within the scientific literature. For solution of the set tasks, the author attracted the unpublished archival materials from the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Archive of the Federal Research Center “Komi Scientific Center of Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences” and National Archive of the Komi Republic; writings of the staff members of the indicated laboratory published based on the research results in 1940s, as well modern researchers of the depths of Russian North. The article explores the history of establishment of scientific department, development of scientific programs and plans, organization of interaction of academic community with the government and economic branches of the Komi ASSR. The main conclusions consists in the proof that the scientific-organizational activity of D. N. Kursanov led to conducting strategic research of defense designation on the problems of studying oil shale of the mineral deposit on Ayyva River, utilization of oil shale for motor fuel generation, and elaboration of new chemical products for defense industry. It is underlined that the high level of explorations and pilot surveys carried out by national scholars in these directions contributed to the development of new shale-chemical industrial sector of the country in the later years.
10
Hough, Jerry F. "Attack on protectionism in the Soviet Union? A comment". International Organization 40, nr 2 (1986): 489–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300027211.
Unlike the other countries in what we tend to call “the Soviet bloc,” the Soviet Union benefited financially from the oil crises of the 1970s, for it was a major petroleum and natural gas exporter. The oil crises also benefited the Soviet Union indirectly as a number of radical Third World oil producers acquired money to buy more Soviet arms. Moreover, the windfall increase in petroleum prices was supplemented by a similar windfall increase in the price of the other major Soviet export product, gold. The subsidies that the Soviet Union provided to Eastern Europe did not entail any sacrifice of resources that had been previously committed but required only that it forgo even greater gains. The politics underlying the Soviet decisions were the politics underlying the rapid expansion of export earnings.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Oil industries Soviet Union":
1
Wawryk, Alexandra Sophia. "The protection of indigenous peoples' lands from oil exploitation in emerging economies". Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw346.pdf.
Bibliography: leaves 651-699. "Through case studies of three emerging economies - Ecuador, Nigeria and Russia - this thesis analyses the factors present to a greater or lesser degree in emerging economies, such as severe foreign indebtedness and the absence of the rule of law, that undermine the effectiveness of the legal system in protecting indigenous peoples from oil exploitation. Having identified these factors, I propose that a dual approach to the protection of indigenous peoples' traditional lands and their environment be adopted, whereby international laws that set out the rights of indigenous peoples and place duties on states in this regard, are reinforced and translated into practice through the self-regulation of the international oil industry through a voluntary code of conduct for oil companies seeking to operate on indigenous peoples' traditional lands."
2
Prodromidou, Alexandra. "Russian foreign energy policy conduct in the oil and gas sectors : a case study of the Caspian region 1991-2008". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3151/.
This thesis explores the continuities and change in the conduct of Russian foreign policy in the Caspian region in the period 1991-2008 with the central focus set on the inclusion of energy both as a tool and one of the main targets of Russian foreign policy during the Putin administration. More specifically it looks at the impact that the choice to establish Russia as an energy superpower based mainly on its oil and gas sectors during this period had on the conduct of Russian foreign policy in the Caspian region. The central research question is how Russian oil and gas companies are used as foreign policy tools in the conduct of Russian foreign energy policy within the current foreign energy policy framework and to what end. The argument of this thesis is based on the hypothesis that the Russian state uses its oil and gas companies in order to infiltrate the Central Asian energy markets and assert its economic hegemony in the region through a web of legal and contractual monopolies aiming at maintaining Russia’s economic hegemony in the Caspian and contributing to one of Russia’s main energy policy priority of becoming an influential player in the global energy markets.
3
Escoe, Gisela Meyer. "Sources of Soviet industrial growth (1961-85) : a production function analysis by branch and region /". The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487688507502386.
Nygaard, Christian A. B. "The Russian oil industry in transition : institutional and organisational reform". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2003. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6936/.
This thesis analyses institutional and organisational reform in the Former Soviet Union and Russia in order to examine the effects and existence of path dependency and institutional competition in the development of the Russian oil industry. Based on a New Institutional Economics and Transaction Costs Economics framework the thesis establishes a link between the evolution of the oil industry and the institutional matrix associate with the structure of state power. In the post-Soviet setting path dependency is created by the state's continued reliance on a patrimonial structure of state power. Resource and time pressure and the lack of a popular reform consensus resulted in the domination of the former mode of state power over the constitutional-bureaucratic system favoured by the International Financial Institutions. The transaction cost premium associated with the constitutional-bureaucratic structure and the appropriation of income and resources created a bias towards the historic structure of state power. Thus state survival was an important factor in creating path dependency. However, the thesis reveals that due to the less ideologically based political foundation there is greater room for institutional competition. While such competition has remained low at the state administrative level the thesis finds there is some evidence of institutional competition at the industry level. Two corporate strategies (the Soviet Styled Company and the Western Styled Company) have emerged from the original Holding Type Company. These two strategies display different approaches to income extraction, development strategy and ownership structure. The two strategies constitute the basis from which potential institutional competition in the oil industry may develop.
5
Mueller, James D. "Process plant contractors in the former Soviet Union and Central/Eastern Europe : identification and analysis of contractor selection criteria". Thesis, De Montfort University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4138.
Opdahl, Ingerid Maria. "Mutually supportive? : the Russian state and Russian energy companies in the post-Soviet region, 1992-2012". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6548/.
This thesis investigates relations between five Russian energy companies – RAO UES/Inter RAO (electricity), Minatom/Rosatom (nuclear energy), Lukoil (oil), Transneft (oil pipelines) and Gazprom (gas) – and the Russian state from 1992 to 2012, with particular regard to state-company interaction over Russian foreign policy and companies’ activities in the post-Soviet region. The argument is that, due to the institutional legacies of the Soviet system, state-company interaction over foreign policy and energy operations abroad was part of their interaction over the Russian state’s institutional development. The study is based on the conceptual framework of social orders developed by North, Wallis and Weingast (NWW). State-company relations are seen to vary according to their informality and formality, and how closely the companies, and their rent streams, are tied to the state and the ruling coalition, or regime. The thesis concludes that the institutions that structure companies’ relations with the Russian state at home make them more or less available as foreign policy tools. In particular, domestic state-company relations influence the companies’ role in maintaining post-Soviet energy dependence on Russia. The thesis highlights the energy companies’ importance for state infrastructural power, and for the durability of Russia’s authoritarian regime.
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Seck, Andrew Benjamin. "Financing upstream oil and gas ventures in the transitional economies of the former Soviet Union : a study of foreign investment and associated risks". Thesis, University of Dundee, 2012. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/a6b90028-401b-4686-a715-2b5631df4e98.
The development of the Foreign Oil and Gas Investment (FOGI) Database permitted a systematic study of all reported upstream projects involving foreign investors throughout FSU, in order to assess the reaction of western capital to the opening up of the FSU's oil industry. While we identified 292 upstream projects either under discussion or development and representing a potential investment of $231 - $308 billion, there is a wide dichotomy between the high level of interest and the low level of investment incurred. It is misleading to assess potential levels of investment in the FSU in isolation of global upstream investments which are estimated at $106 billion per year over the next decade. Of this amount western IOCs are expected to contribute approximately $55 billion per year. The challenge for the FSU is to attract its share (or increase its share) of global upstream capital expenditures. The latter implies a transfer of productive capacity from elsewhere in the world.International efforts vis-ä-vis the World Bank, IFC, EBRD, OPIC and various export credit agencies have failed to inject substantial credits into the FSU's petroleum industry. Disbursements remain slow and their claimed catalytic role appears to be overstated. As the FSU ranks very poorly on a scale of political/country risk, western commercial banks remain wary of extending credits. We believe the rejuvenation of the FSU's oil industry, particularly outside Russia, is pre-conditional upon the involvement of the `Major' IOCs who possess the requisite capital and technology to initiate the necessary projects. But, our research indicates that IOCs are pursuing a cautious policy of self-financing and staggered development. Thus the real onus of financing lies with the host-governments to provide the economic, legal and fiscal environment which will permit these projects to earn sufficient profits for reinvestment. Should such conditions be created in Russia, where a large domestic oil industry already exists, then the domestic industry would likely contribute a large portion of the needed investment as they would themselves be in a position to reinvest their own earnings. There is a strong correlation between levels of potential FDI and the location of known reserves as IOCs seek to minimise geological risk. In Central Asia and the Caspian Sea region where $55 - $75 billion in potential upstream investments have been reported, transportation uncertainty is singled out as the most critical impediment to growth. There are no realistic alternatives to the construction of new pipeline capacity which will act as the ultimate regulator of foreign upstream investment. For the time being large volumes of western investment capital remains cautious and beyond the reach of the FSU's petroleum industry.
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Russell, John. "The role of socialist competition in establishing labour discipline in the Soviet working class, 1928-1934". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1987. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1290/.
Between 1928 and 1934 Soviet society experienced what amounted to two industrial revolutions: the adaptation of a largely non-industrial working population to industry and the introduction of new technologies and methods of management. These radical changes inevitably gave rise to problems of labour discipline, expressed most graphically in soaring rates of labour turnover and absenteeism. These problems were exacerbated by the pace, intensity and scope of Soviet industrialisation and by the social policies that accompanied this drive. As in any such process these problems had to be tackled by utilising a blend of measures based on compulsion, conviction and incentive. The present work examines the blend employed by the Soviet regime during the period under review to stimulate, in the shortest possible time scale, a general will for industrialisation and, having established that will and destroyed opposition to it, channel the energies thus generated into the desired directions. The distinctive element in this blend is identified as socialist competition, which the regime utilised to stimulate support for and stifle opposition to industrialisation, and, subsequently, to raise work skills to the level required by the modern industry being constructed. Moreover, socialist competition allowed the regime to implement a management system geared to the maximum priority of production interests, while preserving a commitment, albeit in abstract terms, to the concept of a workers' state.
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Holmberg, Rurik. "Survival of the Unfit : Path Dependence and the Estonian Oil Shale Industry". Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Linköping University, Department of Technology and Social Change, 2008. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2008/arts427s.pdf.
Kennedy, John. "Minding their own business : an ethnographic study of entrepreneurship in Putin's Russia". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7305/.
Russian entrepreneurs have long faced considerable difficulties. While much is known about what these difficulties are, less is known about how entrepreneurs respond to them, what it is like to be an entrepreneur under these circumstances and why they bother in the first place. In this thesis I address these questions by conducting a multi-sited ethnography within three small Siberian enterprises, observing the directors as they conduct their everyday business. I find that these entrepreneurs all resent their vulnerable position in the political economy but that they have developed a capacity to survive or thrive in spite of the obstacles and threats they encounter. This capacity, I argue, is less a consequence of their commercial acumen than their understanding of what can be achieved given their particular circumstances, their knowledge that business-state relations take an informal, personalised form, and their preparedness to resist predatory outsiders. This leads me to reconsider the meaning of entrepreneurship in the Russian context. Furthermore, my informants’ agency presents a challenge to the idea in predominant political economic theories that the Russian state dominates the private sector. I therefore reconceptualise business-state relations using Douglass C. North et al’s Limited Access Order theory in combination with my empirical materials. This provides a more accurate theory that accepts the pre-eminent role of the state in the political economy while accommodating the agency displayed by my informants.
Meaney, Constance Squires. Stability and the industrial elite in China and the Soviet Union. Berkeley, Calif: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California-Berkeley, Center for Chinese Studies, 1988.
Mahmoudov, Alexei. The Soviet oil and natural gas industries: Problems of reserve estimation. Falls Church, VA (7700 Leesburg Pike, #250, Falls Church 22043): Delphic Associates, 1986.
Stern, Jonathan P. Oil and gas in the former Soviet Union: The changing foreign investment agenda. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1993.
Części książek na temat "Oil industries Soviet Union":
1
Davies, R. W. "Soviet Defence Industries during the First". W Economy and Society in Russia and the Soviet Union, 1860–1930, 244–74. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22433-3_13.
Gatrell, Peter. "Defence Industries in Tsarist Russia, 1908–13". W Economy and Society in Russia and the Soviet Union, 1860–1930, 131–51. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22433-3_8.
Kuboniwa, Masaaki. "Estimating GDP and Foreign Rents of the Oil and Gas Sector in the Soviet Union and Present-Day Russia". W Russian Economic Development over Three Centuries, 421–38. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8429-5_12.
The struggle for oil has been at the center of international politics since the beginning of the twentieth century. Securing oil—or, more precisely, access to it—has also been at the heart of many great powers’ grand strategies during that time, particularly those in oil-poor Europe. The Continent’s geographical and geological endowments, particularly its rich coal seams, had facilitated its rise to global predominance following the conquest of the New World and the start of the Industrial Revolution, but they conspired against it during the Age of Oil. Rather than accept their relegation to second-tier status, Britain and Germany developed elaborate strategies to restore their energy independence. These efforts wound up compromising their security by inducing strategic overextension—for Britain in the Middle East, and for Germany in the Soviet Union—thereby hastening their demise as great powers. For these reasons, the history of oil is also a chapter in the story of Europe’s geopolitical decline....
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Blandon, Peter. "The Industrial Forests of the Soviet Union". W Soviet Forest Industries, 51–87. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429306952-3.
Boksermant, A. A., V. P. Filippov i V. Yu Filanovskii. "Oil Extraction". W The Oil Industry of the Former Soviet Union, 69–184. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780367810542-2.
Cherniaev, V. D., G. A. Vdovin, E. M. Yassin i E. R. Stavrovsky. "Oil Transportation". W The Oil Industry of the Former Soviet Union, 185–278. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780367810542-3.
"Oil in the development and decline of the Soviet Union". W Space, Oil and Capital, 95–109. Routledge, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203928257.ch4.
"Oil in the development and decline of the Soviet Union". W Space, Oil and Capital, 107–21. Routledge, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203928257-9.
"The Caspian states of the former Soviet Union". W Oil, Transition and Security in Central Asia, 189–205. Routledge, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203457771-22.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Oil industries Soviet Union":
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Mamedov, Y. G., i A. A. Bokserman. "Application of Improved Oil Recovery in the Soviet Union". W SPE/DOE Enhanced Oil Recovery Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/24162-ms.
Ebel, R. E. "Oil in the Soviet Union and China: Problems and Prospects". W Symposium on Energy, Finance, and Taxation Policies. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/14639-ms.
Foreman, Neil E. "The Bear Awakens: Resurgence of Oil and Gas in the Former Soviet Union". W SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/36634-ms.
Bulut, Cihan, Fakhri Hasanov i Elchin Suleymanov. "The Impact of the Oil Revenues on the Standard of Living in Oil-Exporting Countries of the Former Soviet Union". W International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00852.
The aim of our study is to examine the impact of the oil revenues on the standard of living in oil-exporting countries of the former Soviet Union and to make policy suggestions based on the obtained findings. It has been explain that resource dependency adjust the structure of these countries' economies, which leads to income inequality compensation changes in different sectors of the economy. Characteristic of resource- rich of post-Soviet oil exporters countries - Russia, Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan have been analyzed. It has been demonstrated that dependency on resources modifies the structure of these countries’ economies, which leads to income inequality based on employment via a mechanism of labor compensation changes in different sectors of the economy. We are going to employ co-integration and error correction methods in our empirical analysis. Is there a long-run relationship between the oil revenues and the standard of living in oil-exporting countries of the former Soviet Union; What is the role of dynamics of the oil revenues in the standard of living in the short run; What is the magnitude of speed of adjustment from the short-run fluctuation towards long-run equilibrium of the system; What is the direction of long- and short-run causality in the oil revenues - standard of living relationship.
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JI- EON, LEE, i YOO NA-YEON. "SOUTH KOREA’S DIPLOMATIC RELATIONSHIP WITH UZBEKISTAN SINCE 1991: STRATEGY AND CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH GOVERNMENT". W UZBEKISTAN-KOREA: CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF COOPERATION. OrientalConferences LTD, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ocl-01-03.
One of the biggest events in international political history at the end of the 20th century was end of the Cold War due to the dissolution of the Soviet Union. With the collapse of the Soviet Union in December 1991, the Cold War system, led by the US and the Soviet Union as the two main axes, disappeared into history, dramatically changing the international situation and creating new independent states in the international community. In the past, as the protagonist of the Silk Road civilization, it was a channel of trade and culture, linking the East and the West, but as members of the former Soviet Union, Central Asian countries whose importance and status were not well known have emerged on the international stage in the process of forming a new international order. After independence, Central Asia countries began to attract attention from the world as the rediscovery of the Silk Road, that is, the geopolitical importance of being the center of the Eurasian continent, and as a treasure trove of natural resources such as oil and gas increased.
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Karymshakov, Kamalbek, Burulcha Sulaimanova i Dastan Aseinov. "Innovativeness of SMEs in Small Non-Oil Producing Post-Communist Economies". W International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01832.
This paper aims to study the determinants of innovation propensity of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in five small non-oil exporting Former Soviet Union countries. Empirical analysis is based on the data from the fifth wave of the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS). Innovation of SMEs is measured by five innovation practices: innovation in goods services, process, organization, marketing and R&D spending. For each aspect of innovation bivariate regression analysis is applied. Estimation results shows that experience of managers has curvilinear effect on the innovation in SMEs. Foreign participation, export orientation and competitiveness in sectors are important for innovation.
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Azer, Özlem Arzu. "Political and Economic Integration of the Central Asian and South Caucasian Turkish Republics into the Global World". W International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00244.
With the dissolution of Soviet Union, former Soviet Republics’ central planned economy transformed into free market economy and structural reforms were made as parallel of this development. These former socialist countries have some diffficulties to adopt capitalism due to absence of some fundamental feautures of capitalism and inheritance of Soviet Union.
Ending big threat of communism, the jeo-strategical importance of the region increased for the West because these countries own the oil and gas resources besides they are starting point or transit country of the energy pipelines. However, these transition countries could not develop economically and poverty became the major problem for most of Central Asian and South Caucasian Turkic Republics. As economic problems lead weakness of governance, ethnical conflicts and border conflicts threat these new independent countries. The region seems in the center of war for power due to rich natural resources and pipelines as well as the connection point to Afghanistan and being the exit to the Black Sea.
This paper seeks economic situations of Central Asian and South Caucasian Turkic Republics which jeo-strategical importance increased due to natural resources and geographic location during Post Cold-War era. This work is based on statistical data provided by United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database (COMTRADE), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and International Monetary Fund (IMF), covering the period of 1990-2008 and contains Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan.
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Dülger, Fikret, Kenan Lopcu, Almıla Burgaç i Esra Ballı. "Is Natural Resource-Rich Russia Suffering from the Dutch Disease?" W International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00488.
“Dutch Disease” phenomenon is defined as the increase in the price of natural resources, such as oil and natural gas, which causes the appreciation of the real exchange rate and leads to the decline of manufacturing and ultimately to increases in service prices. Since the 1980s there has been a great body of “Dutch Disease” empirical literature, and as a natural resource-rich country Russia is a good case for the exploration of this phenomenon. The Russian economy experienced some difficulties after the collapse of the Soviet Union in the adaptation to a free market economy model. In the process of moving towards a free market economy, Russia failed to diversify its economic structure despite increases in natural resource revenues. In the last decades, while the share of natural resources in export revenues has significantly increased, the share of manufacturing output has decreased. According to the United Nations Development Program Russia report 2009, increases in energy income have resulted in the decline of other sectors of the Russian economy. Furthermore, the report claims that these indicators may trigger a recession in the Russian economy in the future. In fact, in recent years the Russian economy has exhibited some typical symptoms of “Dutch Disease” along with increases in oil prices accompanied by a reduction in the share of manufacturing output and an increase in service prices. Using Gregory Hansen cointegration method, this paper finds that Russia is in fact might be suffering from the “Dutch Disease” in the post Soviet Union-era.
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Aras, Osman Nuri, Elchin Suleymanov i Fakhri Hasanov. "Economic and Strategic Expectations of Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline Project". W International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00604.
The Republic of Azerbaijan is one of the oil and gas rich countries of the former Soviet Union. After the second stage of the Shah Deniz gas field, natural gas extraction and exportation became one of the key elements of Azerbaijan’s oil and gas strategy. Diversification of the oil and gas transportation has a great importance in Azerbaijan’s energy security policy and in this regard, TANAP is an important project after Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline. TANAP is a proposed natural gas pipeline project to transport Azerbaijani natural gas through Turkey to Europe in two directions. The project was firstly announced on 17 November 2011 at the Third Black Sea Energy and Economic Forum in Istanbul. It was launched in 2014 and will be expected to finish in 2018. TANAP will cost seven billion USD and will have the capacity of 23 billion cubic meters by 2023 and 31 billion cubic meters by 2026. This paper analyzes expected strategic and economic outcomes of TANAP.
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Sabyrbekov, Rahat. "Software Development in Kyrgyzstan: Potential Source of Economic Growth". W International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00256.
In recent years, software development in the Kyrgyz Republic demonstrated 60-70% growth rate. Kyrgyz software products are exported to Central Asian neighbors and to the Western countries such as Italy, Australia and Holland. With the highest Internet penetration in the region and pool of qualified staff Kyrgyzstan has real chances to sustain the growth rate of the industry. Moreover, the cheap labor creates comparative advantage for local software producers. The break-up the Soviet Union lead to bankruptcies of traditional industries in the Kyrgyz Republic and thousands of highly qualified engineers were left unemployed. Simultaneously since independence Kyrgyz government implemented number of reforms to encourage development of Information and Communication Technologies which lead to the establishment of ICT infrastructure in the region.
The paper analyzes the development trend of the software production industry in the Kyrgyz Republic. We will also overview international experience as in the leading software producers as well as in neighboring countries. The study also builds projections for the next decade and draw on certain policy implications. In addition the paper will provide policy recommendations. The data used is from by the Association on IT companies, questionnaires, National Statistics Committee, Word Bank and Asian Development Bank.
