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Wang, Xin, Jing Zhang, Shun De Gao, and Di Wu. "A 3D Modeling System for Construction Work Simulation Based on Rendering and Dynamic Engines." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 3455–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.3455.
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Modeling System for Construction task Simulation (MSCS) presented in this paper is a 3D computer-aided drawing tool which is designed for construction task planners. It is based on OGRE (Object-oriented Graphics Rendering Engine) and Bullet Dynamic Engine, therefore the model created by MSCS has both geometric and dynamic properties. MSCS has already been used in Crawler Crane’s Lifting Simulation System which is developed by Dalian University of Technology in China to draw the work environment and the loads to be lifted.
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Wei, Yu Qing, Xing Gao, and Jing Hua Gao. "Virtools Based Development of Computer Experiment." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 2887–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.2887.
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Virtools is a set of integrated 2D graphic images, 3D models, audio, video, and so a variety of file formats, interactive software itself has a wealth of interactive behavior module, 3D games can be created, virtual experiments simulation objects very strong interaction with the display and other three-dimensional product. This paper presents a virtual experiment based on 3D and Virtools technology, which is built with 3D experiments scenes, making 3D animation; with Virtools data processing, interactive control. The experiments show that this method has the authenticity, interactivity, simple and easy to implement features.
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Setiawan, Budhy, Isa Triyanti Santoso, Achmad Walid, Ryan Prasetyo, Delila Cahya Permatasari, and Virna Umro Audiana. "Aplikasi solidwork untuk rancangan CAD 3D pada mesin 3D printer 2x2x2 meter." JURNAL ELTEK 19, no. 2 (2021): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/eltek.v19i2.283.
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ABSTRAK
 Mesin 3D printing dapat membuat proses produksi menjadi singkat dan sederhana, keunggulan ini menjadikan banyak peneliti mulai menggembangkan mesin printing. Pengembangan mesin printing yang sudah dilakukan salah satunya adalah mesin 3D printer 2 x 2 x 2 meter. Keberhasilan mesin printing dapat dilihat dari hasil printing yang sesuai dengan desain yang diharapkan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan aplikasi yang dapat membantu merancang desain objek 3D pada mesin printer 2x2x2 meter, salah satunya menggunakan aplikasi CAD (Computer Aided Design) “SolidWork”. Aplikasi “SolidWork” bersifat opensource yang dapat membantu mengetahui pengaruh desain 3 dimensi menggunakan software CAD terhadap jarak, sudut dan skala objek pada mesin printer 2x2x2 meter. Desain objek 3D “SolidWork” disimpan dalam dalam format file STL, kemudian diproses di dalam Simplify 3D, objek akan diiris secara software. Hasil irisan gambar 3D akan menghasilkan sebuah file G-Code. Output koordinat dari G-Code digunakan untuk menggerakan motor stepper. Hasil cetak objek 2D memiliki error ukuran bentuk segitiga 4,62%, bentuk straight slog 7,49%, bentuk oval 5,54%, error sudut sebesar 0% dan error skala objek 0%. Sedangkan untuk objek 3D memiliki error rata – rata sebesar 0,29%. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian aplikasi “SolidWork” dapat menujukkan kinerja mesin dan membantu dalam pembuatan desain 2D dan 3D pada mesin 3D printer 2x2x2 meter di Lab Elektro Prodi Elektronika Politeknik Negeri Malang.
 ABSTRACT
 3D printing machines can make the production process short and simple, this advantage has made many researchers start to develop printing machines. One of the developments in printing machines that have been carried out is the 2 x 2 x 2 meter 3D Printer machine. The success of the printing machine can be seen from the printing results by the expected design. Therefore, an application is needed that can help design 3D object designs on a 2x2x2 meter printer machine, one of which is using the CAD (Computer-Aided Design) application "SolidWork". The application "SolidWork" is open source which can help determine the effect of 3-dimensional design using CAD software on the distance, angle, and scale of objects on a 2x2x2 meter printer machine. "SolidWorks" 3D object design is saved in STL file format, then processed in Simplify 3D, the object will be sliced automatically. The sliced 3D image will produce a G-Code file. The coordinate output from the G-Code is used to drive the stepper motor. The printout of 2D objects has a triangular size error of 4.62%, a straight slog shape of 7.49%, an oval shape of 5.54%, an angle error of 0%, and a scale error of 0%. Meanwhile, 3D objects have an average error of 0.29%. Based on the results of testing the "SolidWork" application can show machine performance and assist in making 2D and 3D designs on a 2x2x2 meter 3D printer machine at the Electrical Lab of Electronics Study Program, State Polytechnic of Malang.
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Aishwarya, Y., B. Gourangi, and K. Abhijeet. "3D-BIOPRINTING (Application of 3D printer for Organ Fabrication)." International Journal of Students' Research in Technology & Management 3, no. 5 (2015): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijsrtm.2015.351.
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Chronic shortage of human organs for transplantation has become more problematic in spite of major development in transplant technologies. In 2009, only 27,996 (18%) of 154,324 patients received organs and 8,863 (25 per day) died while on the waiting list. As of early 2014, approximately 120,000 people in the U.S. were awaiting an organ transplant. The solution to this problem is 3D bio-printing. This technology may provide a unique and new opportunity where we can print 3D organs. It incorporates two technologies, tissue engineering and 3D printing. 3D bioprinting involves dispensing cells onto a biocompatible scaffold using a successive layer-by-layer approach to generate tissue-like three-dimensional structures. It uses instruction in the CAD file for formation of the object, high level computer programming and ability to build highly advanced computer systems, it offers hope for bridging the gap between organ shortage and transplantation needs.
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Muhammad Nur Farhan Saniman, Muhammad Ibrahim Yahya, Nurul Nadiah Mahmud, et al. "3D Printing Parameters Optimization of ABS Probe Holder for Ultrasonic Scanner." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 48, no. 2 (2024): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.48.2.1015.
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In recent years, 3D printing technology has received a lot of attention. The use of 3D printing technology in many industries is widely accepted due to its low cost of production and capacity to manufacture complex and geometrical shapes. This paper presents the fabrication of probe holder by using 3D printing technology for ultrasonic scanner application. The fabrication of 3D printed probe holder began with the Taguchi technique design of experiment (DOE). Three major effects were identified: printing temperature, layer thickness and infill density. Solidworks software was employed to build the computer-aided design (CAD) model of the probe holder. Subsequently, the CAD model file is converted to Standard Tessellation Language (STL) file for 3D printing process. The probe holder was successfully fabricated using 3D printer without any defects visible on the outside surface of the 3D printed products. Based on bending test results, it can be concluded that the strength of probe holder was attributed by the layer thickness.
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Xin, Yufeng, Dongliang Zhang, and Guopeng Qiu. "Real-Time Animation Complexity of Interactive Clothing Design Based on Computer Simulation." Complexity 2021 (May 11, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9988623.
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With the innovation of computer, virtual clothing has also emerged. This research mainly discusses the real-time animation complex of interactive clothing design based on computer simulation. In the process of realizing virtual clothing, the sample interpolation synthesis method is used, and the human body sample library is constructed using the above two methods (primitive construction method and model reconstruction method) first, and then, the human body model is obtained by interpolation calculation according to the personalized parameters. Building a clothing model is particularly important for the effect of trying on. The clothing that needs to be displayed can be scanned and then input into the computer to build the model. The model can be directly built in 3DMAX and other software and then its surface texture can be mapped, or the clothing model can be directly built. The 3D model in the 3ds file is loaded by the loop body nested switch branch selection structure. Correspondingly, the write-back operation of 3ds files is similar. Just follow the general structure of the 3ds file and write the root block, version information block, edit information block, key frame information block, etc. to a brand new file in sequence. The main reason for this article to perform the 3ds file write-back operation is that, after the clothing model is dynamically simulated through the dynamic principle, the deformed key animation frame needs to be saved as a 3ds file so that it can be further imported into the 3DSMAX software and generated by the renderer, form high-quality picture information, and finally get high-definition animation video. In the CPU-GPU hybrid method, modules such as force calculation, collision processing, and position update use the GPU method, while overstretching is processed by the CPU method, making the overall performance 10 times higher than the pure CPU method. This research helps to promote the development of 3D virtual clothing design.
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Wang, Chung Shing, Teng Ruey Chang, Wei Hua A. Wang, and Man Ching Lin. "Rapid Prototyping STL Reconstruction for CT Medical Image in Fused Deposition Modelling." Key Engineering Materials 443 (June 2010): 522–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.443.522.
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The main objective of this research is to reconstruct 3D rapid prototyping (RP) models for computer tomography (CT) medical images in fused deposition modeling (FDM). It demonstrates a technique to convert medical images to points cloud, and simplify into STL (Stereo-Lithography) triangular meshes for RP machine in fused deposition modelling. The grey prediction algorithm is used to sort contour point data in each layer of the medical image. The contour difference detection operation is used to sequence the points for each layer. The 3D STL meshes are then constructed by layer-by-layer sequence meshes algorithm to build the STL file. Once this STL file is saved, a 3D physical model of the medical image can be fabricated by FDM RP manufacturing, and its virtual reality model can also be presented for visualization. CT images of a human skull and femur bone were used as the case studies for the construction of the 3D solid model with medical images. The STL models generated using this new methodology compared to commercial computer-aided design (CAD) models. The results of this research are therefore clinically reliable in reconstructing 3D STL models for CT medical images.
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Wang, Yuye, Guofeng Zhang, and Xiaoguang Hu. "Large-scale scene real-time infrared simulation based on texture blending." International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 9, no. 4 (2016): 406–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijicc-07-2016-0024.
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Purpose Infrared simulation plays an important role in small and affordable unmanned aerial vehicles. Its key and main goal is to get the infrared image of a specific target. Infrared physical model is established through a theoretical research, thus the temperature field is available. Then infrared image of a specific target can be simulated properly while taking atmosphere state and effect of infrared imaging system into account. For recent years, some research has been done in this field. Among them, the infrared simulation for large scale is still a key problem to be solved. In this passage, a method of classification based on texture blending is proposed and this method effectively solves the problem of classification of large number of images and increase the frame rate of large infrared scene rendering. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Mosart Atmospheric Tool (MAT) is used first to calculate data of sun radiance, skyshine radiance, path radiance, temperatures of different material which is an offline process. Then, shader in OGRE does final calculation to get simulation result and keeps a high frame rate. Considering this, the authors convert data in MAT file into textures which can be easily handled by shader. In shader responding, radiance can be indexed by information of material, vertex normal, eye and sun. Adding the effect of infrared imaging system, the final radiance distribution is obtained. At last, the authors get infrared scene by converting radiance to grayscale. Findings In the fragment shader, fake infrared textures are used to look up temperature which can calculate radiance of itself and related radiance. Research limitations/implications The radiance is transferred into grayscale image while considering effect of infrared imaging system. Originality/value Simulation results show that a high frame rate can be reached while guaranteeing the fidelity.
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Altieri, Federica, Giovanna Iezzi, Valeria Luzzi, Gianni Di Giorgio, Antonella Polimeni, and Michele Cassetta. "Computer-Guided Bone Biopsy: A Technical Note with the Description of a Clinical Case." Bioengineering 8, no. 12 (2021): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8120214.
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Aim: The aim of this technical note is to present a computer-aided design–computer-aided manufacturing (CAD–CAM) surgical guide to perform a computer-guided bone biopsy. Traditionally, to diagnose abnormal conditions affecting jawbone, a bone biopsy is performed with the use of a trephine bur. The positioning of the bur, during the biopsy, is based on the skill of the surgeon; therefore, an inaccurate placement of a trephine bur may occur. The use of a guide, however, can minimize this risk and achieve a better result. Materials and Methods: To determine the site and the extension of bone sampling, the stereolithography file (STL) file of cone–beam computed tomography (CBCT) images is acquired using a specific planning software and superimposed with the STL file of a dental cast; a virtual surgical guide is designed, using the same software that allows a 3D (three-dimensional) view of the guide from different perspectives and planes. The number and site of guide tubes are determined on the basis of the width and the extension of the sampling; thanks to a 3D printer, the surgical guide is manufactured. Results: The use of a customized surgical guide realized with CAD–CAM technology allows a precise and minimally invasive approach, with an accurate three-dimensional localization of the biopsy site. Conclusions: The high precision, great predictability, time-effectiveness and versatility of the present guide should encourage the clinician to use this minimally invasive surgical approach, but controlled clinical trials should be conducted to evaluate the advantages as well as any possible complications.
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Guo, An, Zhan Zhang, Feng Gao, Haichao Du, Xiaokui Liu, and Bang Li. "Applications of Convolutional Neural Networks to Extracting Oracle Bone Inscriptions from Three-Dimensional Models." Symmetry 15, no. 8 (2023): 1575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15081575.
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In recent years, high-fidelity three-dimensional (3D) oracle bone models (3D-OBMs) have received extensive attention from oracle bone experts due to their unparalleled reducibility to real oracle bone. In the research process of 3D-OBMs, the first procedure is to extract oracle bone inscriptions (OBIs) from the model to form individual oracle bone characters (OBCs). However, the manual extraction of OBIs is a time-consuming and labor-intensive task that relies heavily on oracle bone knowledge. To address these problems, we propose a texture-mapping-based OBI extractor (tm-OBIE), which leverages the symmetrical characteristics of the texture mapping process and is able to extract 3D-OBIs from 3D-OBMs saved as a wavefront file. The OBIs in the texture file were first located using a trained 2D object detector. After that, the 3D mesh area, where the OBIs are located, was obtained using an inverse texture mapping method. Thirdly, a specific 2D plane was fitted using the centroid of triangular faces in the flat regions of the mesh via a singular value decomposition (SVD) method. Finally, by measuring the distances between the triangle meshes and the fitted plane, the meshes of the 3D-OBIs were obtained. This paper verifies the feasibility of this method via experiments and analyzes the possibility of using the algorithm framework for extracting other ancient characters from their corresponding 3D models.
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Karpiuk, Michał, Maciej Malik, Magdalena Przytocka, Katarzyna Czajkowska-Sabat, and Witold Sujka. "Computer aided manufacturing of compression garments used for rehabilitation of burn and post-operative scars." Mechanik 92, no. 1 (2019): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2019.1.11.
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The article describes a computer-aided manufacturing of compression garments used for rehabilitation of burn and post-operative scars implemented in Tricomed S.A company. Steps of manufacturing processes include 3D scanning, obtaining control parameters for a self-generating CAD templates from STL file, conversion control parameters depending on the degree of compression and type of knitwear, generating DXF files for the cutting machine, sewing.
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Weijun, Yu. "3D Indoor Scene Synthesis System Based on Collaborative Retrieval." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (August 21, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3178571.
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In order to solve the research problem of collaborative retrieval 3D indoor scene synthesis system, an automatic synthesis method of 3D indoor scene is proposed. In the research fields of computer graphics and computer vision, the modeling of various 3D scenes has always been a hot spot and a very valuable research topic for Chinese and foreign scholars. GMM is used to fit the position of the object on the support surface, and the position distribution model is obtained. Firstly, a file is created to store the normalized position of the counted object on the support surface. The number of coordinates represents the number of times the object appears in the scene library. Then, the Gaussian mixture model is used to fit the content of the file to obtain the location distribution model. For the initial indoor scene and the description of small objects to be added to the scene given by the user, select small objects with the help of the material library. Shapenetcorcv2 is the core part of the database, with a total of 55 categories and more than 50000 model instances. The automatic placement of these small objects is realized by using the scene synthesis algorithm, which shows the continuous enrichment of the evolution process of simple scenes to solve various problems of 3D indoor scene modeling. This method not only reflects the design requirements of users but also avoids cumbersome manual operation.
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Korbel, Jakob J., Umar H. Siddiq, and Rüdiger Zarnekow. "Towards Virtual 3D Asset Price Prediction Based on Machine Learning." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 17, no. 3 (2022): 924–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer17030048.
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Although 3D models are today indispensable in various industries, the adequate pricing of 3D models traded on online platforms, i.e., virtual 3D assets, remains vague. This study identifies relevant price determinants of virtual 3D assets through the analysis of a dataset containing the characteristics of 135.384 3D models. Machine learning algorithms were applied to derive a virtual 3D asset price prediction tool based on the analysis results. The evaluation revealed that the random forest regression model is the most promising model to predict virtual 3D asset prices. Furthermore, the findings imply that the geometry and number of material files, as well as the quality of textures, are the most relevant price determinants, whereas animations and file formats play a minor role. However, the analysis also showed that the pricing behavior is still substantially influenced by the subjective assessment of virtual 3D asset creators.
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Resti Dyah Ayu Retno Palupi, Budhy Setiawan, and Agus Pracoyo. "Kontrol High Speed Extruder pada 3D Printer 2x2x2 Meter Berbasis MCU Bigtree." Jurnal Elektronika dan Otomasi Industri 11, no. 1 (2024): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/elkolind.v11i1.3516.
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3D printer merupakan suatu inovasi terbaru dalam dunia teknologi. Industri manufaktur saat ini mengalami kemajuan pesat dan 3D printer menjadi salah satu alat yang berguna dalam industri tersebut. Alat ini dapat mencetak benda-benda tiga dimensi dari gambar CAD (Computer Aid Design). Di Indonesia, 3D printer digunakan untuk membuat prototype dengan cepat sehingga mempercepat pengembangan produk baru. Tahapan pembuatan prototype dengan 3D printer meliputi pengolahan file digital, proses slicer, dan G-Code, hingga menjadi objek benda nyata berbentuk 3D. Agar dapat bekerja dengan efisien, 3D printer membutuhkan extruder dengan kecepatan tinggi yang mampu mendorong lelehan plastik dengan cepat menuju nozzle, sehingga filamen plastik dapat meleleh keluar. Kecepatan extruder diatur oleh motor stepper dan menggunakan Bigtreetech dan Marlin Firmware untuk kontrol high speed extruder.
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Kong, Chao, Yuanping Xu, Zhuowei Li, et al. "A Multivariate Local Descriptor Registration Method for Surface Topography Evaluation." Applied Sciences 13, no. 5 (2023): 3311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13053311.
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This paper illustrates a systematical surface topography measurement and evaluation method based on a 3D optical system. Firstly, the point cloud data of the workpiece are extracted by the use of a 3D structured light measurement system, and the STEP file of the design model is converted into point cloud data. Secondly, the local measurement point cloud (LMPC) and digital model point cloud (DMPC) are registered by a multivariate local descriptor registration scheme proposed in this study. Thirdly, the surface shapes extracted from the STEP file are applied as a reference to segment the measuring point cloud. Finally, an error analysis scheme is conducted on specific functional surfaces. An experiment was conducted to analyse the flatness, cylindricity and roughness to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantage of the method. The comparison results show that the proposed method outperforms other 3D optical surface topography analysis methods.
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Lee, Mun-yong, Sang-ha Lee, Kye-dong Jung, Seung-hyun Lee, and Soon-chul Kwon. "A Novel Preprocessing Method for Dynamic Point-Cloud Compression." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13 (2021): 5941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11135941.
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Computer-based data processing capabilities have evolved to handle a lot of information. As such, the complexity of three-dimensional (3D) models (e.g., animations or real-time voxels) containing large volumes of information has increased exponentially. This rapid increase in complexity has led to problems with recording and transmission. In this study, we propose a method of efficiently managing and compressing animation information stored in the 3D point-clouds sequence. A compressed point-cloud is created by reconfiguring the points based on their voxels. Compared with the original point-cloud, noise caused by errors is removed, and a preprocessing procedure that achieves high performance in a redundant processing algorithm is proposed. The results of experiments and rendering demonstrate an average file-size reduction of 40% using the proposed algorithm. Moreover, 13% of the over-lap data are extracted and removed, and the file size is further reduced.
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Sari, Dewi Mutiara, and Vina Wahyuni Eka Putranti. "3D Object Pose Estimation Using Chamfer Matching and Flexible CAD File Base." International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 10, no. 2 (2020): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.10.2.8336.
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Tanwar, Rohit, Urmila Pilania, Mazdak Zamani, and Azizah Abdul Manaf. "An Analysis of 3D Steganography Techniques." Electronics 10, no. 19 (2021): 2357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10192357.
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Steganography has become a preferred technique these days to successfully hide secret messages. Various research has been done in the past to justify and analyze suitable types of cover file, such as images, audio, videos, etc. Advancement in the image-processing domain has opened various possibilities of using three-dimensional (3D) images as cover files. In this paper, a systematic study of the research work done on 3D steganography in the last fifteen years has been carried out. The study is divided into different sections based on the types of algorithms used, additional security features, evaluation parameters, etc. Moreover, certain steganalysis techniques that are applicable for 3D steganography are also discussed.
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You, Zhenghao. "Fundamental ray tracing project based on OpenGL with acceleration." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2646, no. 1 (2023): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2646/1/012001.
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Abstract In 3D computer graphics, ray tracing is an essential technique for modeling light transport for use in a wide variety of rendering algorithms for generating digital images. And it is also an important subject for computer science students who want to discover more in Computer Graphics and image rendering. In this project the author implemented a fundamental light tracing system based on C++ in visual studio. It is able to render a delicate image with an input of a nnf model file, and output a ppm file, as a final assignment of a student computer graphics research program. This paper is divided into two chapters. The first chapter is about some fundamental theories that are critical to light tracing. The second chapter is about detailed design and implementation process of the program. And the final chapter is about some actual problems and effective solutions.
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Inokoshi, Masanao, Yumika Soeda, Yo Akiyama, Kaori Ueda, Kazumasa Kubota, and Shunsuke Minakuchi. "Fully Digital Workflow for the Fabrication of Three-Dimensionally Printed Surgical Splints for Preventing Postoperative Bleeding: A Case Report." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (2022): 12773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912773.
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The management of postoperative bleeding is mandatory in patients receiving anticoagulants. In this case report, we introduce a fully digital workflow for surgical splint fabrication to prevent postoperative bleeding in patients receiving anticoagulants and/or at risk of inadvertent extraction of a mobile tooth during impression making. An 87-year-old woman using apixaban had a left mandibular canine that required extraction due to chronic apical periodontitis. A digital impression was obtained using an intraoral scanner. First, the tooth to be extracted was deleted using three-dimensional (3D) computer-aided design (CAD) software (Geomagic Freeform, 3D Systems) and a stereolithography (STL) file was exported. This modified STL file was imported into another CAD software (3Shape Dental System, 3Shape) and a surgical splint was designed. The splint was fabricated using a 3D printer (Form 3; Formlabs) and light-curable resin (Dental LT Clear, Formlabs) and was delivered after the tooth extraction. The patient was followed-up 2 days after the extraction; no postoperative bleeding was detected and the surgical splint was removed. The additively manufactured surgical splint fabricated using a fully digital workflow was efficacious for managing postoperative bleeding after a dental extraction.
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M.S. Tg Sulaiman, T., S. B. Mohamed, M. Minhat, A. S. Mohamed, and A. R. Mohamed. "Integrated Interface Development Environment using STEP Universal Data Structure." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.15 (2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.15.11194.
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Nowadays modern manufacturing demands advanced computer controller, having higher input language and less proprietary vendor dependencies. STEP stands for Standard for the Exchange of Product model data is the next generation of data model between CAD/CAM and CNC system. STEP is still under research and development all around the world. This paper describes the design, development and testing of an integrated Interface development environment for STEP file using Universal Data Structure, which aims to provide support for machining operation. The system also aims to provide function of reading and extracting the relevant information associated with the machining data and to write the G-Code file. The sample of machined block is designed from 3D CAD modeler which consisted of features need to be machined from a blank workpiece and saved in the STEP file format. The validation process will be done using the simulation in the Mach3 software.
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Thilmany, Jean. "Ephemeral Warehouse." Mechanical Engineering 127, no. 09 (2005): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2005-sep-1.
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This article highlights how can companies archive their 3D CAD files as their software races toward obsolescence. Digital designs, though, are created on software and computers that are outdated when they are delivered. Computer files can be hard to retrieve in as little as five years down the road. This is a big problem for the engineering community and, of course, for corporations, government agencies, and organizations that store information digitally—in short, for everyone. Most information today—not just engineering data—is created and stored digitally on computer systems that become outdated sooner than bread gets stale. Companies may also store blueprints or CAD documents as portable document files (PDFs) or as tagged image files (TIFs). These are 3D digital files that can be accessed fairly universally from any computer. Again, much is lost, including geometry, when swooshing a 3D file as flat as a pancake.
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Župan, Robert, and Stanislav Frangeš. "Automatic Procedural 3d Modelling of Buildings." Tehnički glasnik 12, no. 3 (2018): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20180713143638.
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The problem of modelling, especially of large-scale virtual urban environments such as city areas is today very challenging for cartographers. Cities are difficult to model in detail because of their often complex geometries. This paper describes the applied and tested new procedures for the development of a test three-dimensional urban area model using the Esri CityEngine software, which is based on procedural modelling. This process involves three steps. The first step is to collect the available data, as well as the Digital Model Relief data. The second step is to create a Computer Generated Architecture (CGA) file that contains a set of rules used by the software for an automatic generation of the model. The third step is to create and visualize 3D models in the CityEngine software because it can be programmed, for example, according to the rules of cartographic visualization. The Level of Detail (LOD) 2 was reconstructed. Several potential uses of such 3D visualization are also described.
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Hou, Yongzhu, Jihong Liu, and Gaofeng Yue. "3D Interpreted Model: A Novel Product Definition Model by Integrating and Fusing a 3D Annotated Model and Design Knowledge." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (2021): 7192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167192.
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Model based definition (MBD) is the core of product digital research and development. The extension of the scope and content of the product model is an important way to improve the application ability of MBD methodology. In view of the demand of the development of the product definition method and the lack of systematic theoretical methods to support the further improvement of product model quality and ability, this paper proposes the concept of a 3D interpreted model as a new product definition model by integrating and fusing design knowledge on the basis of the MBD model. Firstly, the concept, characteristics and representation method of the 3D interpreted model are elaborated. Then, the construction method of the 3D interpreted model is proposed, which includes two steps. The first step is design knowledge annotation, which is used to integrate design knowledge with the MBD model and form the 3D interpreted model in a CAD environment. The second step is information extraction and knowledge fusion, which is used to construct a 3D interpreted model network by processing the product information and design knowledge stored in a STEP file and knowledge index file, respectively. Finally, a prototype system is developed, and the construction process of a 3D interpreted model is demonstrated and verified through an example. The results show that as a new product definition model, a 3D interpreted model realizes the comprehensive integration of a MBD model and design knowledge, so as to realize the inheritance and development of the product definition method, and supports business activities and saves more social resources.
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Liu, Jin. "Application of Computer 3D Modeling Technology in Graphic Image Design." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (July 16, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6451339.
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In order to solve the problem that the manual input data work efficiency is low and the optimization cannot be achieved in the section modulus calculation, the author proposes a computer-aided 3D graphic design method for ship hull structure. First, complete the modeling of the ship hull, complete the statistical calculation of the size in the CAD platform, solve the static moment, and complete the three-dimensional modeling; Calculate the inertial load and wave load of the ship during work, and calculate the wave bending moment, and substitute it into the three-dimensional model for verification. Finally, according to the computer-aided three-dimensional graphic design process, the specification verification of the ship’s scale is completed, the graphic file is associated with the database, and the three-dimensional graphic design is completed. Experimental results show that the maximum stress of the original three-dimensional integrated graphic design of the ship is 202 MPa, and the maximum deformation is 87.352 mm. Based on the computer-aided three-dimensional integrated graphic design of the ship, the maximum stress is 226 MPa, and the maximum deformation is 76.234 mm. In conclusion: the hull obtained by the computer-aided three-dimensional graphic design of the ship can effectively reduce the total area and materials of the midsection structure of the ship, reduce the weight of the hull, and realize the optimal configuration of the midsection material of the ship.
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Pinge*, Soham, Nitish Wadhavkar, Amey Singh, and Dr Amol Deshpande. "An Integrated Method for 3D Reconstruction, Dimensional Analysis and Manipulation of an Object Based on Image Processing." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 10, no. 4 (2021): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.d2505.0410421.
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Analysis of dimensions of a product, its visualization as a 3D model & volume estimation, positively impact the operations of manufacturing department in an industry. In this paper, a system has been designed to integrate the proposed features like 3D reconstruction, dimensional analysis & support for manipulating the reconstructed model. Research was carried out to estimate the volume of objects using their virtual 3D model & allow the user to edit this model which later can be compared with the original object, for manipulation. The pictures of an object from different planes are captured and using image processing, it is reconstructed in 3D, which is used to estimate parameters like volume, surface area, maximum dimensions across different planes. This edited 3D model will be utilized for generating a binary file representing the changes. This system provides detailed information to the user along with flexibility, thus enhancing the way in which the manufacturing industry works, as it requires no manual input or interaction once the process begins.
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Valdés-Jiménez, Alejandro, Josep-L. Larriba-Pey, Gabriel Núñez-Vivanco, and Miguel Reyes-Parada. "3D-PP: A Tool for Discovering Conserved Three-Dimensional Protein Patterns." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 13 (2019): 3174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20133174.
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Discovering conserved three-dimensional (3D) patterns among protein structures may provide valuable insights into protein classification, functional annotations or the rational design of multi-target drugs. Thus, several computational tools have been developed to discover and compare protein 3D-patterns. However, most of them only consider previously known 3D-patterns such as orthosteric binding sites or structural motifs. This fact makes necessary the development of new methods for the identification of all possible 3D-patterns that exist in protein structures (allosteric sites, enzyme-cofactor interaction motifs, among others). In this work, we present 3D-PP, a new free access web server for the discovery and recognition all similar 3D amino acid patterns among a set of proteins structures (independent of their sequence similarity). This new tool does not require any previous structural knowledge about ligands, and all data are organized in a high-performance graph database. The input can be a text file with the PDB access codes or a zip file of PDB coordinates regardless of the origin of the structural data: X-ray crystallographic experiments or in silico homology modeling. The results are presented as lists of sequence patterns that can be further analyzed within the web page. We tested the accuracy and suitability of 3D-PP using two sets of proteins coming from the Protein Data Bank: (a) Zinc finger containing and (b) Serotonin target proteins. We also evaluated its usefulness for the discovering of new 3D-patterns, using a set of protein structures coming from in silico homology modeling methodologies, all of which are overexpressed in different types of cancer. Results indicate that 3D-PP is a reliable, flexible and friendly-user tool to identify conserved structural motifs, which could be relevant to improve the knowledge about protein function or classification. The web server can be freely utilized at https://appsbio.utalca.cl/3d-pp/.
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Plavitu, Anca, Mark Edward Pogarasteanu, Marius Moga, et al. "MRI versus CT as Image Data Source for 3D Printing Bone." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 10 (2018): 2881–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.10.6645.
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In orthopedics, 3D printing is a novel way of visualizing dense human tissue and structures, for example bones and ligaments, but also the respective relations between them, thus providing the surgical team with taking the preoperative planning of an intervention one step further from 3D computer reconstructions. In order for a medical 3D print reconstruction to be possible, bidimensional imaging is necessary, in the form of DICOM files. These are then used by specific software in order to create an STL file, that can then be inputted into a 3D printer and a three-dimensional replica of the desired structure, usually on a 1:1 scale, can be generated. We aim to compare two methods of acquiring and processing of 2D images � MRI and CT scans � as sources of DICOM files, with the end purpose of 3D printing the image of human bone.
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Camargos, Germana De Villa, Priscilla Cardoso Lazari-Carvalho, Marco Aurélio de Carvalho, Mariane Boaventura Castro, Naysa Wink Neris, and Altair Antoninha Del Bel Cury. "3D finite element model based on CT images of tooth." Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 19 (August 14, 2020): e208910. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v19i0.8658910.
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Aim: This study aimed the description of a protocol to acquire a 3D finite element (FE) model of a human maxillary central incisor tooth restored with ceramic crowns with enhanced geometric detail through an easy-to-use and low-cost concept and validate it through finite element analysis (FEA). Methods: A human maxillary central incisor was digitalized using a Cone Beam Computer Tomography (CBCT) scanner. The resulted tooth CBCT DICOM files were imported into a free medical imaging software (Invesalius) for 3D surface/geometric reconstruction in stereolithographic file format (STL). The STL file was exported to a computer-aided-design (CAD) software (SolidWorks), converted into a 3D solid model and edited to simulate different materials for full crown restorations. The obtained model was exported into a FEA software to evaluate the influence of different core materials (zirconia - Zr, lithium disilicate - Ds or palladium/silver - Ps) on the mechanical behavior of the restorations under a 100 N applied to the palatal surface at 135 degrees to the long axis of the tooth, followed by a load of 25.5 N perpendicular to the incisal edge of the crown. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of maximum principal stress (ceramic veneer) and maximum principal strain (core) were obtained. Results: The Zr model presented lower stress and strain concentration in the ceramic veneer and core than Ds and Ps models. For all models, the stresses were concentrated in the external surface of the veneering ceramic and strains in the internal surface of core, both near to the loading area. Conclusion: The described procedure is a quick, inexpensive and feasible protocol to obtain a highly detailed 3D FE model, and thus could be considered for future 3D FE analysis. The results of numerical simulation confirm that stiffer core materials result in a reduced stress concentration in ceramic veneer.
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Tzotzis, Anastasios, Athanasios Manavis, Nikolaos Efkolidis, and Panagiotis Kyratsis. "CAD-BASED AUTOMATED G-CODE GENERATION FOR DRILLING OPERATIONS." International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies 13, no. 3 (2021): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54684/ijmmt.2021.13.3.177.
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The automated generation of G-code for machining processes is a valuable tool at the hands of every engineer and machinist. Nowadays, many software systems exist that provide automated functions related to G-code generation. Most free software require the import of a Drawing Exchange Format (DXF) file and cannot work directly on a 3D part. On the contrast, the equivalent commercially-available software systems are feature-rich and can provide a variety of automated processes, but are usually highly priced. The presented application aims to supplement the existing free Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) systems by providing a way of generating G-code for drilling operations, using already owned commercial 3D Computer Aided Design (CAD) systems such as SolidWorksTM. Thus, in the case of 3D part drilling, a standard 3D CAD system is sufficient since the code can be adopted by most modern CAD software with minor changes. Moreover, no specialized CAM software is required. In order to achieve this automation, the Application Programming Interface (API) of SolidWorks™ 2018 was utilized, which allows for the design of visualized User Interfaces (UI) and the development of code under the Visual Basic for Applications (VBA™) programming language. The available API methods are employed to recognize the features that were used to design the part, as well as extract the geometric parameters of each of these features. In addition, an embedded calculator automatically defines the cutting conditions (cutting speed, feed and tool) based on the user selections. Finally, the application generates the Computer Numerical Control (CNC) code for the summary of the discovered holes according to the standardized G-code commands; the output can be a typical TXT or NC file that can be easily converted to the preference of the user if necessary.
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Zahariea, Dănuţ. "Computer Aided Design of Centrifugal Fan Impeller Using CATIA Software." Applied Mechanics and Materials 809-810 (November 2015): 853–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.809-810.853.
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In this paper, the 3D model of the centrifugal fan impeller will be obtained using CAD software (CATIA). The blade will be obtained with 4 design methods: constant blade width and variable blade angle; hyperbolic blade width and variable blade angle; hyperbolic blade width and constant blade angle; linear blade width and variable blade angle. A comparative analysis of the weight of the blade, as well as of the weight of the rotor composed by cascade of blades, front and rear shrouds will be presented. Two materials have been used for all the elements of the centrifugal fan impeller: steel and aluminium. For computational purposes the MATLAB programming language will be used. The centrifugal fan blade will be designed as untwisted geometry with =2 reference curves (one on the rear shroud and the other one on the front shroud) with different numbers of reference points ={5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50}. After running the MATLAB script file, the coordinates of reference points of the blade will be obtained for all 4 blade design methods. The transfer of the reference points coordinates from MATLAB workspace to CATIA has been performed using the automatic surface generation method, via an EXCEL macro file. This is the recommended method especially for a big number of reference points.
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Pandey, Rohit, and Sandeep Salodkar. "SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES OF LAYER MANUFACTURING PROCESSES FOR POLYMER COMPONENTS PRODUCTION." International Journal of Students' Research in Technology & Management 8, no. 3 (2020): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijsrtm.2020.835.
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Purpose of study: Additive manufacturing processes taking the basic information form computer-aided design (CAD) file to convert into the stereolithography (STL) data file. Today additive layer manufacturing processes are playing a very vital role in manufacturing parts with high rate of effectiveness and accuracy. CAD software is approximated to sliced containing information of each layer by layer that is printed. The main purpose of the study is to discuss the scientific and technological challenges of additive layer manufacturing processes for making polymer components production through various technological parameters and problem-solving techniques of layer manufacturing processes.
 Main findings: Additive layer manufacturing is simply another name for 3D printing or rapid prototyping. As 3D printing has evolved as a technology, it has moved beyond prototyping and into the manufacturing space, with small runs of finished components now being produced by 3D printing machines around the world. Additive layer manufacturing (ALM) is the opposite of subtractive manufacturing, in which material is removed to reach the desired shape
 Methodology Used: The continuous and increasing growth of additive layer manufacturing processes to discuss with different experimental behavior through simulations and graphical representations. In ALM, 3D parts are built up in successive layers of material under computer control. In its early days, 3D printing was used mainly for rapid prototyping, but it is now frequently used to make finished parts the automotive and aerospace sectors, amongst many others.
 The originality of study: At the present time, the technologies of additive manufacturing are not just using for making models with the plastics but using polymer materials. It is possible to make finished products developed with high accuracy and save a lot of time and there is the possibility of testing more models.
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Muhammad Haziq Omar, Siti Nurul Akmal Yusof, Saiful Bahri Mohamed, et al. "Milling Features Recognition Methodology of Rectangular Fillet Blind Pocket for Universal Data Structure." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 30, no. 3 (2023): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.30.3.5768.
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Various studies have focused on developing an interface system that could integrate the machining process with CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machine tools by producing tool paths using STEP (Standard for the Exchange of Product model data) file as an input function. Studies to recognize features in STEP file by encoding the data of geometric entities of a CAD (Computer-Aided Design) design has been done by many researchers. However, they only focus on Cutter Location (CL) which eventually describes the machining profile in the x and y planes without considering the depth of the machining feature in the z-axis. Identifying and recognizing machining features in the STEP file is important since STEP is a platform for converting industry-standard CAD systems and software data models. The aim of this paper is to identify profiles of geometric machining features for rectangular fillet blind pockets using the Geometric Data Extraction (GDE) approach. Three cases have been carried out namely single rectangular fillet blind pocket, double rectangular fillet blind pocket and triple rectangular fillet blind pocket. The results were verified by manual graph plotting and automatic graph plotting using CPM 3D Plotter.
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Zhang, Rui, Renjie Tang, Sebastian Spintzyk, et al. "Three-Dimensional Printed Tooth Model with Root Canal Ledge: A Novel Educational Tool for Endodontic Training." Dentistry Journal 11, no. 9 (2023): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj11090213.
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Ledge formation presents a significant challenge in endodontic treatment. Yet, there is still a lack of educational tooth models for hands-on practice. This study aimed to create and evaluate a tooth model for ledge management practice. A natural tooth with curved roots was collected for scientific use under ethics committee approval. Following initial root canal preparation, the tooth was scanned using micro-computed tomography (μCT) and 3D reconstructed. A K-file, created via computer-aided design (CAD), was partly inserted into the root canal wall of the 3D reconstructed tooth. By subtracting the K-file from the tooth, a tooth model with a root canal ledge was produced. The model was then 3D printed for a hands-on workshop. An eight-item Likert-scale questionnaire was administered to 20 postgraduate students and 10 endodontists to assess the model’s quality and training effectiveness. In addition, the success rate of bypassing and correcting the root canal ledge was documented. The feedback from both the students and experts was positive, and the results of the Mann–Whitney U test indicated no statistically significant differences found between the two groups (p > 0.05). The success rate of the students and the experts was 85% and 100%, respectively. In future applications, this novel tooth model is expected to address the existing gap in endodontic education and provide benefits for dental practitioners.
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Romanyuk, O. N., S. V. Pavlov, O. L. Bobko, E. K. Zavalnyuk, and O. O. Reshetnik. "Analysis of big data in computer graphics." Optoelectronic Information-Power Technologies 47, no. 1 (2024): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/1681-7893-2024-47-1-50-57.
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In this article, an overview of the aspects of big data analysis and representation in computer graphics is presented, creating new prospects for the development and improvement of applications for processing graphic information, visualization, and simulation. Thanks to advancements in data processing and analysis technologies, computer graphics can become even more realistic, interactive, and efficient. Data can come from various sources, including 3D scanning, modeling, sensors, video cameras, games, and simulations. Storing large volumes of graphic data requires effective solutions such as distributed file systems, databases, and cloud services. The review analysis covers the processing of big data, including machine learning, image recognition algorithms, parallel computing, and resource optimization. Special attention is paid to the challenges and prospects of using big data in computer graphics, which includes improving the quality of graphic data analysis, optimizing the rendering of extremely large images, and integration with third-party systems.
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Kok, Xiao Wen, Anisha Singh, and Bahijja Tolulope Raimi-Abraham. "A Design Approach to Optimise Secure Remote Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing: A Proof-of-Concept Study towards Advancement in Telemedicine." Healthcare 10, no. 6 (2022): 1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061114.
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Telemedicine is defined as the delivery of healthcare services at a distance using electronic means. The incorporation of 3D printing in the telemedicine cycle could result in pharmacists designing and manufacturing personalised medicines based on the electronic prescription received. Even with the advantages of telemedicine, numerous barriers to the uptake hinder the wider uptake. Of particular concern is the cyber risk associated with the remote digital transfer of the computer-aided design (CAD) file (acting as the electronic prescription) to the 3D printer and the reproducibility of the resultant printed medicinal products. This proof-of-concept study aimed to explore the application of secure remote 3D printing of model solid dosage forms using the patented technology, DEFEND3D, which is designed to enhance cybersecurity and intellectual property (IP) protection. The size, shape, and colour of the remote 3D-printed model medicinal products were also evaluated to ensure the end-product quality was user-focused. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and poly(lactic) acid (PLA) were chosen as model polymers due to their flexibility in preventing breakage printing and ease of printing with fused deposition modelling (FDM). Our work confirmed the potential of secure remote 3D (FDM) printing of prototype solid dosage forms resulting in products with good reproducibility, resolution, and quality towards advancements in telemedicine and digital pharmacies. The limitation of the work presented here was the use of model polymers and not pharmaceutically relevant polymers. Further work could be conducted using the same designs chosen in this study with pharmaceutically relevant polymers used in hot-melt extrusion (HME) with shown suitability for FDM 3D printing. However, it should be noted that any challenges that may occur with pharmaceutically relevant polymers are likely to be related to the polymer’s printability and printer choice as opposed to the ability of the CAD file to be transferred to the printer remotely.
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Fuentes-Porto, Alba, Carlos García-Ávila, and Efraín Marrero-Salas. "Casa del Samarín, una estación de grabados rupestres en deterioro. Documentación, análisis y diagnóstico en Los Llanos de Ifara, Granadilla, Tenerife." Virtual Archaeology Review 12, no. 24 (2021): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/var.2021.13810.
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<p class="VARAbstract"><strong>Extended Abstract:</strong></p><p class="VARAbstract">In the archaeology of the Canary Islands (Spain), there are many studies based on the usage of new technologies to contribute to the identification and description of rock art engravings through high-resolution digital models (<a href="file:///L:/PC%20Port%C3%A1til%20Poli/Mis%20documentos/VAR/En%20Curso/Revisi%C3%B3n/13810/13810-60985-2-CE_jll.docx#Mart%C3%ADn_2005">Martín, 2005</a>; <a href="file:///L:/PC%20Port%C3%A1til%20Poli/Mis%20documentos/VAR/En%20Curso/Revisi%C3%B3n/13810/13810-60985-2-CE_jll.docx#Mart%C3%ADn_2007">Martín, Velasco, González &amp; Ramírez, 2007;</a> <a href="file:///L:/PC%20Port%C3%A1til%20Poli/Mis%20documentos/VAR/En%20Curso/Revisi%C3%B3n/13810/13810-60985-2-CE_jll.docx#Senen_2016">Senén &amp; Cuenca, 2016</a>; <a href="file:///L:/PC%20Port%C3%A1til%20Poli/Mis%20documentos/VAR/En%20Curso/Revisi%C3%B3n/13810/13810-60985-2-CE_jll.docx#Navarro_2019">Navarro &amp; Cancel, 2019</a>). This paper is supported by these documentation techniques and digital analysis in order to deepen into the characterization of the damaged rock art station Casa del Samarín (House of Samarín), or Tagoro del Rey, in Los Llanos de Ifara, south of the island of Tenerife (Figs. 1). Twenty-one panels conserved in situ were documented (Fig. 6). Geometric-linear, geometric with an oval and rectangular trend and figurative ones can be distinguished. The blocks <a title="" href="file:///L:/PC%20Port%C3%A1til%20Poli/Mis%20documentos/VAR/En%20Curso/Revisi%C3%B3n/13810/13810-60985-2-CE_jll.docx#_ftn1">[1]</a> that compose the engravings station belong to a rocky basalt outcrop, to which other free-standing blocks are attached, forming a circle. The shape that describes this set of blocks is defined as a "cabin" or circular-shaped structure.</p><p class="VARAbstract">This set of engravings, made on a basalt rocky outcrop with a planar factory, show a tendency to suffer from exfoliation and are affected by internal stresses. The intrinsic characteristics of this stone support, together with their exposure to anthropic actions and strong insolation, condition its fragility, with the risk of losing part of the representations that it houses. Given the threat posed by its gradual deterioration, we seek to ensure its digital preservation through precision three-dimensional (3D) records, the engravings inventory, the record of their conservation state and the understanding of the degradation processes that are affecting the outcrop. What has been explained will be addressed quarterly, to observe the evolution of any material changes every three months.</p><p class="VARAbstract">The registration work consisted of taking four photogrammetric surveys in eight months; the surveys were georeferenced by means of a centimetric Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and a total station. Structure from Motion (SfM) technology enabled the researchers to generate high-precision 3D models in an affordable way, not only in terms of cost but also ease of use. Digital copies with Geographic Information System GIS technology were extracted from them, being exportable in shapefile format (Fig. 7).</p><p class="VARAbstract">As regards the documentation of existing pathologies, assuming standardized lexicon and classification criteria (<a href="file:///L:/PC%20Port%C3%A1til%20Poli/Mis%20documentos/VAR/En%20Curso/Revisi%C3%B3n/13810/13810-60985-2-CE_jll.docx#IPCE_2013">IPCE, 2013</a>), together with a rigorous information systematization, was key for achieving agile handling of the data collected and for facilitating monitoring tasks (Fig. 8). Damage maps were created for collecting the location and scope of the alterations. The complex volumetry of the outcrop and the varied orientation of the panels marked the need to resort to 3D editing so that all their faces could be properly registered (Fig. 10). This project was performed with a 3D design program, Blender®. </p><p class="VARAbstract">Thanks to an imaging analysis process, internal textures of 3D models also provided relevant graphic support for the pictographic content and the conservation state (Figs. 11 &amp; 14). DStretch® (<a href="file:///L:/PC%20Port%C3%A1til%20Poli/Mis%20documentos/VAR/En%20Curso/Revisi%C3%B3n/13810/13810-60985-2-CE_jll.docx#Harman_2008">Harman, 2008</a>), a plugin implemented in the scientific image processing software ImageJTM, was used for this purpose. To conclude, researchers relied on CloudCompare (<a href="file:///L:/PC%20Port%C3%A1til%20Poli/Mis%20documentos/VAR/En%20Curso/Revisi%C3%B3n/13810/13810-60985-2-CE_jll.docx#Girardeau_2015">Girardeau-Montaut, 2015</a>), an advanced 3D data processing software, to tackle a morphometric analysis that allowed us to detect the appearance of formal changes along with the recorded sequences (Figs. 12 &amp; 15). In this process, the distances between two records, taken after six months, were computed with the Cloud to Mesh (C2M) tool, based on the Chamfer distance algorithm (<a href="file:///L:/PC%20Port%C3%A1til%20Poli/Mis%20documentos/VAR/En%20Curso/Revisi%C3%B3n/13810/13810-60985-2-CE_jll.docx#Ruiz_2016">Ruiz et al., 2016: 120</a>).</p><p>Registration file cards and damage maps clearly highlighted the main conditions: material losses (shown in orange) and breaks (in green) have affected the outcrop in a generalized way. Furthermore, sedimentary deposits (blue) are concentrated in interstices; while lichen colonies (idem) do so in the least sun-exposed areas. The use of DStretch® highlighted modern excoriations of anthropogenic origin and contributed to distinguishing recent material losses from the older ones, already affected by an incipient patina. Finally, thanks to morphological analysis, a new detachment (Fig. 15b) and a generalized displacement of exempt elements (Figs. 12 &amp; 15) were detected. These displacements indicate outstanding manipulation, which could lead to decontextualizations or new fragmentations.</p><p>Regarding the archaeological interpretation, macroscopic observation of exempt blocks located in the vicinity of the station and the zenith representation of the immediate environment from photogrammetry, have shown that they are forming a set of attached structures (Fig. 13). The site redefinition and the diagnosis of its very weakened defensive system show the need to intensify the archaeological study of this area, so emblematic for the archaeology of the south of Tenerife, in addition to establishing preventive conservation measures that can contribute to its stabilization.</p><p class="VARAbstract"> </p><div><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div><p><a title="" href="file:///L:/PC%20Port%C3%A1til%20Poli/Mis%20documentos/VAR/En%20Curso/Revisi%C3%B3n/13810/13810-60985-2-CE_jll.docx#_ftnref1">[1]</a> Geological unit of size greater than 300 mm, term standardized by the USCS (Unified Soil Classification System).</p></div></div>
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Comes, Radu, Călin Gheorghe Dan Neamțu, Cătălin Grec, Zsolt Levente Buna, Cristian Găzdac, and Liliana Mateescu-Suciu. "Digital Reconstruction of Fragmented Cultural Heritage Assets: The Case Study of the Dacian Embossed Disk from Piatra Roșie." Applied Sciences 12, no. 16 (2022): 8131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12168131.
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The most peculiar characteristic of a cultural heritage is represented by its uniqueness. To ensure that an object is preserved against environmental deterioration, vandal attacks, and accidents, modern Cultural Heritage documentation involves 3D scanning technologies. In the case of fragmented artefacts, the digitization process represents an essential prerequisite for facilitating an accurate 3D reconstruction. The aim of this research paper is to present a framework that enables an accurate digital reconstruction of fragmented or damaged artefacts using ornament stencils obtained from 3D scan data. The proposed framework has been applied for the richly adorned ornaments of the fragmented Dacian embossed disk from Piatra Roșie. The case study makes use of the 3D dataset acquired, using a structured light scanner to extract vector displacement maps, which are then applied to the 3D computer-aided design (CAD) model. The output of the framework includes a proposed digital reconstruction of the aurochs fragmented Dacian embossed disk, as well as the ornaments’ stencils database. The proposed framework addresses problems that are associated with 3D reconstruction processes, such as self-intersections, non-manifold geometry, 3D model topology, and file format interoperability. Finally, the resulting 3D reconstruction has been integrated within virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) applications, as well as computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) based on additive manufacturing to facilitate the dissemination of the results.
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Castellanos Mendoza, Andrea, Diego Alfonso Ahogado, and Jean Pierre Charalambos. "X3d2pov. Traductor of X3D to POV-Ray." Ingeniería e Investigación 26, no. 2 (2006): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v26n2.19008.
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High-quality and low-quality interactive graphics represent two different approaches to computer graphics' 3D object representation. The former is mainly used to produce high computational cost movie animation. The latter is used for producing interactive scenes as part of virtual reality environments. Many file format specifications have appeared to satisfy underlying model needs; POV-ray (persistence of vision) is an open source specification for rendering photorealistic images with the ray tracer algorithm and X3D (extendable 3D) as the VRML successor standard for producing web virtual-reality environments written in XML. X3d2pov has been introduced to render high-quality images from an X3D scene specification; it is a grammar translator tool from X3D code to POV-ray code.
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Eliášová, Hana, and Taťjana Dostálová. "3D Multislice and Cone-beam Computed Tomography Systems for Dental Identification." Prague Medical Report 118, no. 1 (2017): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/23362936.2017.2.
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3D Multislice and Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in forensic odontology has been shown to be useful not only in terms of one or a few of dead bodies but also in multiple fatality incidents. 3D Multislice and Cone-beam computed tomography and digital radiography were demonstrated in a forensic examination form. 3D images of the skull and teeth were analysed and validated for long ante mortem/post mortem intervals. The image acquisition was instantaneous; the images were able to be optically enlarged, measured, superimposed and compared prima vista or using special software and exported as a file. Digital radiology and computer tomography has been shown to be important both in common criminalistics practices and in multiple fatality incidents. Our study demonstrated that CBCT imaging offers less image artifacts, low image reconstruction times, mobility of the unit and considerably lower equipment cost.
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Rahman, Zammeri Abd, Saiful Bahri Mohamed, Mohamad Minhat, Alias Mohd, Zulkifli Abd Rahman, and Roslan Awang. "G-code converter using interface system for a STEP file (ISO 10303)." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 31, no. 3 (2023): 1362. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v31.i3.pp1362-1371.
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The STEP file is the “standard for the exchange of product model data,” which is usually used to exchange geometric data in boundary representation (B-rep) between different computer-aided design (CAD) platforms. These data can be fully utilized and integrated into a larger manufacturing organization, such as a computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) environment for computer numerical control (CNC) machining applications based on ISO 6983. The 3D models of 2D machining profiles were created in CAD software and saved as STEP files. The data structure was analyzed by comparing the geometric entities of the CAD model and the STEP file. The algorithm was created using the hypertext preprocessor (PHP) programming language and produced a computer interface system to convert STEP files into G-code format. The machining blocks with profile machining features were simulated using a CNC simulator and PC-based open architecture control (OAC) software. The G-code was validated on a three-axis CNC milling machine, and the result was compared to the CAD model to confirm the machining profile. The integrated interface system I2S demonstrates its ability to interpret all 2D profiles and generate machining tool paths and G-code, allowing data flow between CAD and CAM environments and shortening product development cycles.
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Fowlkes, Jason D., Robert Winkler, Eva Mutunga, Philip D. Rack, and Harald Plank. "Simulation Informed CAD for 3D Nanoprinting." Micromachines 11, no. 1 (2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11010008.
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A promising 3D nanoprinting method, used to deposit nanoscale mesh style objects, is prone to non-linear distortions which limits the complexity and variety of deposit geometries. The method, focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID), uses a nanoscale electron probe for continuous dissociation of surface adsorbed precursor molecules which drives highly localized deposition. Three dimensional objects are deposited using a 2D digital scanning pattern—the digital beam speed controls deposition into the third, or out-of-plane dimension. Multiple computer-aided design (CAD) programs exist for FEBID mesh object definition but rely on the definition of nodes and interconnecting linear nanowires. Thus, a method is needed to prevent non-linear/bending nanowires for accurate geometric synthesis. An analytical model is derived based on simulation results, calibrated using real experiments, to ensure linear nanowire deposition to compensate for implicit beam heating that takes place during FEBID. The model subsequently compensates and informs the exposure file containing the pixel-by-pixel scanning instructions, ensuring nanowire linearity by appropriately adjusting the patterning beam speeds. The derivation of the model is presented, based on a critical mass balance revealed by simulations and the strategy used to integrate the physics-based analytical model into an existing 3D nanoprinting CAD program is overviewed.
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Matijević, Mario, Krešimir Trontl, and Domagoj Markota. "Graphical Visualisation of the MCNP Mesh Tally File." Journal of Energy - Energija 72, no. 1 (2023): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37798/2023721468.
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This paper presents an updated version of the MTV3D (Mesh Tally Visualization in 3D) program with Windows graphical user interface for visualization of the MCNP-based mesh tally files. Several improvements over the previous program version are addressing better figure export functionality ("Save as" option), switching between linear and logarithmic values on axes, dynamic figure scaling in active window, inversion of relative errors from “max” to “min” values, etc. MCNP is a well known and widely used general purpose Monte Carlo computer code for neutron, photon and electron transport simulation through arbitrary three-dimensional configurations. An important feature of the MCNP code is a graphical display of the simulation model using auxiliary program, such as X-window server, which is useful for geometry error-checking during model setup and visualisation of Monte Carlo results from a mesh tally file (i.e. meshtal file) over a structured xyz mesh. Such inspection of the model is useful for the end user, providing an insight of the Monte Carlo convergence process in a phase space and effectiveness of the selected variance reduction parameters in shielding calculations. Basic features and functionalities of the updated MTV3D program are presented on some selected hybrid-shielding problems involving ADVANTG3.0.3 and MCNP6.1.1b codes.
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Kim, Seong-Min, Keunbada Son, Duk-Yeon Kim, and Kyu-Bok Lee. "Digital Evaluation of the Accuracy of Computer-Guided Dental Implant Placement: An In Vitro Study." Applied Sciences 9, no. 16 (2019): 3373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9163373.
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Compared to traditional implant surgical guides, computer-assisted implant surgical guides can be considered for positioning implants in the final prosthesis. These computer-assisted implant surgical guides can be easily fabricated with personal 3D printers after being designed with implant planning CAD software. Although the accuracy of computer-assisted implant surgical guides fabricated using personal 3D printers is an important factor in their clinical use, there is still a lack of research examining their accuracy. Therefore, this study evaluated the accuracy of computer-assisted implant surgical guides, which were designed using two implant planning CAD software programs (Deltanine and R2gate software) and fabricated with personal 3D printers using a non-radiographic method. Amongst the patients who visited Kyungpook National University Dental Hospital, one patient scheduled to undergo surgery of the left mandibular second premolar was randomly selected. Twenty partially edentulous resin study models were produced using a 3D printer. Using the Deltanine and R2gate implant planning CAD software, 10 implant surgical guides per software were designed and produced using a personal 3D printer. The implants (SIII SA (Ø 4.0, L = 10 mm), Osstem, Busan, Korea) were placed by one skilled investigator using the computer-assisted implant surgical guides. To confirm the position of the actual implant fixture, the study models with the implant fixtures were scanned with a connected scan body to extract the STL files, and then overlapped with the scanned file by connecting the scan body-implant fixture complex. As a result, the mean apical deviation of the Deltanine and R2gate software was 0.603 ± 0.19 mm and 0.609 ± 0.18 mm, while the mean angular deviation was 1.97 ± 0.84° and 1.92 ± 0.52°, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two software programs (p > 0.05). Thus, the accuracy of the personal 3D printing implant surgical guides is in the average range allowed by the dental clinician.
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COUTIÑO-MORENO, Elvis, Quirino ESTRADA, Daniel MALDONADO-ONOFRE, Alejandro RODRIGUEZ-MENDEZ, and Julio GOMEZ-GIRON. "RESOLUTION IN THE 3D MODELING OF OBJECTS FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING AND REVERSE ENGINEERING – SHUTTER EFFECT." Applied Computer Science 17, no. 1 (2021): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/acs-2021-04.
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This article presents a proportional relationship between Shutter and the value of the resolution scanning system that allows decision making for modeling 3D parts used in reverse engineering and additive manufacturing. As a first step, the object of interest is treated to dim excessive brightness, then the object is scanned (by point cloud or mesh) with the use of a Handyscan 700 scanner. The point cloud is processed with the Geomagic software Desing X to generate a CAD image and a “.stl” file for 3D printing.
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Chen, Y. H., C. T. Ng, and Y. Z. Wang. "Generation of an STL File from 3D Measurement Data with User-Controlled Data Reduction." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 15, no. 2 (1999): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001700050049.
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Gideon, Samuel, and Taat Guswantoro. "OPTIMASI CITRA DICOM DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI PADA SMARTPHONE ANDROID." Prosiding SNFA (Seminar Nasional Fisika dan Aplikasinya) 3 (February 28, 2019): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/prosidingsnfa.v3i0.28558.
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<p class="AbstractEnglish"><strong>Abstract:</strong> A radiographic image is generated from a mapping of attenuation of the X-ray beam that passed through a material. Over the past few years, as computer acquisition technology has grown, conventional diagnostic medical imaging modalities have increasingly been replaced by digital imagery. Computed radiography (CR) is one of radiographic image acquisition using computers. CR images could be either .jpg files or DICOM files. We exposed some wrenches which diameter of 5.68 mm; 3.99 mm and 3.2 mm as well as a bottle and a circular cork. We use Siemens mobile x-ray to expose the objects and DroidRender 3D DICOM Viewer as the DICOM viewer. We got two images which are .jpg file and DICOM file respectively. We adjust WW and WL parameters in order to optimize the image of the DICOM file. The results are WW = 2833 and WC = 2170.</p><p class="KeywordsEngish"><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Citra medis yang dihasilkan oleh sistem radiografi pada dasarnya adalah pemetaan dari berkas sinar-X yang diteruskan yang dinyatakan melalui hukum penurunan intensitas sinar-X. Selama beberapa tahun terakhir, dengan semakin berkembangnya teknologi akuisisi komputer, modalitas pencitraan medis diagnostik konvensional semakin digantikan oleh citra digital. <em>Computed radiography </em>(CR) merupakan salah satu teknologi akuisisi komputer pengolah citra radiografi. Hasil citra radiografi pada CR dapat berbentuk file .jpg ataupun DICOM. Untuk membaca file DICOM harus digunakan DICOM <em>viewer </em>yang dapat diunduh secara gratis dari internet. Pada penelitian ini, obyek-obyek yang dipapari sinar-X yaitu kunci inggris dengan tebal diameter 5,68 mm; 3,99 mm dan 3,2 mm serta botol dan gabus berbentuk lingkaran. Pesawat sinar-X yang digunakan adalah <em>mobile x-ray</em> bermerk Siemens. Aplikasi DICOM <em>viewer </em>yang digunakan adalah DroidRender 3D DICOM Viewer. Dari hasil eksperimen, pengaturan WW dan WC pada aplikasi untuk dapat menampilkan gabus secara optimal diperoleh pada nilai WW = 2833 dan WC = 2170.</p>
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Ben hadj Hassine, Salem, Sami Chatti, Borhen Louhichi, and Abdennour Seibi. "Experimental Study of the Tensile Behavior of Structures Obtained by FDM 3D Printing Process." Polymers 16, no. 11 (2024): 1562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16111562.
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Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is one of the layer-based technologies that fall under the umbrella term “Additive Manufacturing”, where the desired part is created through the successive layer-by-layer addition process with high accuracy using computer-aided design data. Additive manufacturing technology, or as it is commonly known, 3D (three-dimensional) printing, is a rapidly growing sector of manufacturing that is incorporated in automotive, aerospace, biomedical, and many other fields. This work explores the impact of the Additive Manufacturing process on the mechanical proprieties of the fabricated part. To conduct this study, the 3D printed tensile specimens are designed according to the ASTM D638 standards and printed from a digital template file using the FDM 3D printer Raise3D N2. The material chosen for this 3D printing parameter optimization is Polylactic acid (PLA). The FDM process parameters that were studied in this work are the infill pattern, the infill density, and the infill cell orientation. These factors’ effects on the tensile behavior of printed parts were analyzed by the design of experiments method, using the statistical software MINITAB2020.
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Ferla, Matteo P., Alistair T. Pagnamenta, David Damerell, Jenny C. Taylor, and Brian D. Marsden. "MichelaNglo: sculpting protein views on web pages without coding." Bioinformatics 36, no. 10 (2020): 3268–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa104.
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Abstract Motivation The sharing of macromolecular structural information online by scientists is predominantly performed via 2D static images, since the embedding of interactive 3D structures in webpages is non-trivial. Whilst the technologies to do so exist, they are often only implementable with significant web coding experience. Results Michelaɴɢʟo is an accessible and open-source web-based application that supports the generation, customization and sharing of interactive 3D macromolecular visualizations for digital media without requiring programming skills. A PyMOL file, PDB file, PDB identifier code or protein/gene name can be provided to form the basis of visualizations using the NGL JavaScript library. Hyperlinks that control the view can be added to text within the page. Protein-coding variants can be highlighted to support interpretation of their potential functional consequences. The resulting visualizations and text can be customized and shared, as well as embedded within existing websites by following instructions and using a self-contained download. Michelaɴɢʟo allows researchers to move away from static images and instead engage, describe and explain their protein to a wider audience in a more interactive fashion. Availability and implementation Michelaɴɢʟo is hosted at michelanglo.sgc.ox.ac.uk. The Python code is freely available at https://github.com/thesgc/MichelaNGLo, along with documentations about its implementation.
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Huang, H., C. Hu, F. Zhang, and H. Xue. "RESEARCH ON VISUALIZATION OF GROUND LASER RADAR DATA BASED ON OSG." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (April 30, 2018): 595–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-595-2018.
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Three-dimensional (3D) laser scanning is a new advanced technology integrating light, machine, electricity, and computer technologies. It can conduct 3D scanning to the whole shape and form of space objects with high precision. With this technology, you can directly collect the point cloud data of a ground object and create the structure of it for rendering. People use excellent 3D rendering engine to optimize and display the 3D model in order to meet the higher requirements of real time realism rendering and the complexity of the scene. OpenSceneGraph (OSG) is an open source 3D graphics engine. Compared with the current mainstream 3D rendering engine, OSG is practical, economical, and easy to expand. Therefore, OSG is widely used in the fields of virtual simulation, virtual reality, science and engineering visualization. In this paper, a dynamic and interactive ground LiDAR data visualization platform is constructed based on the OSG and the cross-platform C++ application development framework Qt. In view of the point cloud data of .txt format and the triangulation network data file of .obj format, the functions of 3D laser point cloud and triangulation network data display are realized. It is proved by experiments that the platform is of strong practical value as it is easy to operate and provides good interaction.